2012年职称英语理工类阅读理解新增文章(含练习解析及译文)

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2012职称英语考试阅读理解及翻译

一、职称英语阅读理解文章（理工类）译文(参加理工A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) (3)第一篇福特放弃电动汽车 (3)Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles (3)第二篇世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值 (4)World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict (5)第三篇公民科学家 (5)Citizen Scientists (6)第四篇汽车技术 (6)Motoring Technology (7)第五篇深夜喝咖啡 (7)Late-night Drinking (8)第六篇编制灯光 (8)Weaving with Light (9)第七篇用糖为手机发电 (9)Sugar Power for Cell Phones (10)第八篇引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔 (10)Eiffel Is an Eyeful (11)第九篇埃及饱受饥饿折磨 (11)Egypt felled by famine (12)第十篇年轻雌猩猩学习优于她们的弟兄 (12)Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers (13)第十一篇申请个人域名的网上费用 (14)The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself (14)第十二篇纳佛罗里达遭受冷气团袭击 (15)Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass (15)第十三篇隐形环 (15)Invisibility Ring (16)第十四篇日本用来监视醉酒司机的新型概念车 (17)Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers (17)第十五篇肋生双翅机器人学飞行 (18)Winged Robot Learns to Fly (18)第十六篇日本人的地心旅行 (19)Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth (19)第十七篇地球防晒霜 (20)A Sunshade for the Planet (20)第十八篇石油匮乏 (21)Thirst for Oil (21)第十九篇延长人类寿命 (22)Prolonging Human Life (22)第二十篇深海探索器 (23)Explorer of the Extreme Deep (23)第二十一篇植物，沼气的又一来源 (24)Plant Gas (24)第二十二篇雪花 (25)第二十三篇风力发电？轻而易举 (26)Powering a City? It‟s a Breeze (27)第二十四篇地下煤引发即将来临的灾难 (27)Underground Coal Fires a Looming Catastrophe (28)第二十五篇为了活着吃饭 (29)Eat to Live (29)第二十六篇男女飞行员引起飞行事故的差异 (30)Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently (30)第二十七篇分散注意力驾驶 (31)Driven to Distraction (32)第二十八篇睡眠促使记忆归档存储 (33)Sleep Lets Brain File Memories (33)第二十九篇古怪食物 (34)Food Fright (34)二、职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加理工A、B级考试需要掌握文章) (35)第三十篇数码王国 (35)Digital Realm (36)第三十一篇卡特里娜飓风 (36)Hurricane Katrina (37)第三十二篇读心机 (37)Mind-reading Machine (38)第三十三篇专家呼吁局部和区域控制放射性废物地点 (39)Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive Waste (39)第三十四篇病毒电池 (40)Batteries Built by Viruses (40)第三十五篇植物效能 (41)Putting Plants to Work (41)第三十六篇听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警 (42)Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning (43)第三十七篇不要在就餐时间以外饮酒有了新含义 (43)“Don‟t Drink Alone” Gets New Meaning (44)第三十八篇野生大象寿命更长 (45)Longer Lives for Wild Elephants (45)第三十九篇克隆农场 (46)Clone Farm (46)第四十篇污染云团在太平洋两岸均被测量 (47)Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific (47)三、职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加理工A级考试需要掌握文章) (48)第四十一篇全球变暖“缺油” (48)Too Little for Global Warming (49)第四十二篇可再生能源 (49)Renewable Energy Sources (50)第四十三篇天气预报的方法 (51)第四十四篇捍卫进化论仍必要 (52)Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed (52)第四十五篇咸度味感因人而异 (53)Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others (54)第四十六篇不可思议的超材料 (55)Marvelous Metamaterials (55)第四十七篇倾听鸟鸣 (56)Listening to Birdsong (57)第四十八篇“隐种”可能令人惊叹地普遍存在 (57)"Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common (58)第四十九篇美国科学家确认火星上有水 (59)U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars (59)第五十篇手机增加交通行人死亡 (60)Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities (61)一、职称英语阅读理解文章（理工类）译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章)第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

2012职称英语理工类新增内容阅读理解第十九篇

第十九篇Graphene's SuperstrengthBig technology comes in tiny packages. New cell phones and personal computers get smallerevery year，which means these electronics require even smaller components on the inside.Engineers are looking for creative ways to build these components，and they've turned their eyes to graphene，a superthin2 material，made of carbon，that could change the future of electronics.This year's Nobel Prize for Physics3 has been awarded to Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselovfrom the University of Manchester4，UK. for the discovery of graphene. Graphene isn't just small,it's“the thinnest possible material in this world，” says Novoselov. He calls it a“wondermaterial. ”It's so thin that you would need to stack about 25,000 sheets just to make a pile as thick as a piece of ordinary white paper. If you were to hold a sheet of graphene in your fingers5，you'd have no idea because you wouldn't be able to see it. Carbon is one of the most abundant elements in the universe. Every known kind of lifecontains carbon. Graphene is a sheet of carbon，but only one atom thick. You don't have to lookfar to find grapheme —it's all around you.If you want this high-tech wonderstuff6，all you need is a pencil，paper and a little adhesivetape. Use the pencil to shade a small area on the paper, and then apply a small piece of adhesivetape over the area7. When you pull up the tape，you'll see that it pulls up a thin layer of some ofthe shading from your pencil. That layer is called graphite，one of the softest minerals in the world.Now stick the same piece of tape on another sheet of paper and pull the tape up —there should be an even thinner layer，this time left on the paper. Now imagine that you do this over and over，until you get the thinnest possible layer of material on the paper. This layer would be only one atom thick，and you wouldn't be able to see it. Graphite is made of layers of graphene，so when you get to the thinnest possible layer，you've found graphene.词汇：graphene/ 'græfi:n/ n．石墨烯abundant/ə’bʌndənt / adj．丰富的，充裕的atom/ 'ætəm/n．原子adhesive/ əd'hi:siv/ n．胶粘剂；adj. 黏着的stack/stæk/ v．使成堆，堆放graphite / 'græfait / n．石墨注释：1. superstrength：超强的力量。

2012理工类完形填空新增文章（含练习解析及译文）

2012理工类完形填空新增文章（含练习解析及译文）*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been 1 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate changeand 2 development．She warns that many o f the world’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate．Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 ．These gases are known to affect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5 their residents."Cities are 6 sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankao’s findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 ． The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9 paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoodsthat may 10 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12 ,should take measures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands—of f approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.词汇：vulnerable / 'v?ln?r?bl / adj ．易受伤害的infrastructure / 'infr?,str?kt?? / n ．基础设施sociologist /,s?usi'?l?d?ist /n．社会学家substandard / ,s?b'st?nd?d / adj．标准以下的dioxide / dai'?ksaid / ．二氧化物floodplain /'fl?dplein / n ．泛滥平原注释：1. likely：很可能，或许。

2012职称英语理工类B级新增阅读理解

2012年职称英语理工类新增文章篇目阅读理解（2篇）*三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7 of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."词汇：Saturn /'sætən/ n．土星methane/'mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气Titan/'taitən/ n．土卫六acetylene/ə'setili:n/ n．乙炔alien/'eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的conservatism/kən'sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧注释：1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解(C类)

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解含译文（C类）1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展5.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠第一篇Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2012年职称英语理工类阅读理解新增文章译文对应(AB级文章)

*第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."词汇：Saturn /'sætən/ n．土星methane/'mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气Titan/'taitən/ n．土卫六acetylene/ə'setili:n/ n．乙炔alien/'eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的conservatism/kən'sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧注释：1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。

2012年职称英语理工类A级增补(阅读+完型)必考文章

+第四＋五篇Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born."I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,"said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes. After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however. WISE stands for"Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer."As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave. Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation. When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree. When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings. Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't. Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light. Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一but they absorb most of the light that reaches them. They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see. But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them. During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures. These objects are"failed" stars 一which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun. Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down. They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.练习：1 .What is so special about WISE?A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?A make.B shoot.C takeD photograph.3. The camera on WISEA is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.4. Which of the following is NOT correct about"asteroids" according to paragraph 7?A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras,D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids5.What is implied in the last paragraph?A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.答案与题解：1. C 短文的第一和第二段提供了答案。

2012年职称英语理工类完形填空新增文章(含练习解析及译文)

完形填空（6篇）+第十三篇Solar Power without Solar CellsA dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.密歇根大学的研究着们发现，光所产生的巨大磁效应有望用于太阳能发电，从而取代传统的半导体太阳能电池。

The researchers found a way to make an "optical battery，" said Stephen Rand，a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science，Physics and Applied Physics.Stephen Rand是电力工程和计算机科学系以及物理和应用物理系的教授，他讲道：“研究者们找到了制造光电池的方法”Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now，scientists thought the effect of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity，when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity，the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. Under these circumstances，the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect.光具有电磁成分。

2012年职称英语理工类完形填空新文章详解

2012年职称英语理工类完形填空新文章详解1 第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of 1 yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2 currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3 , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4 one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5 .Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6 from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7 those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8 .Different countries may use different 9 to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10 such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three 11 with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12 of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13 have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14 the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all5, you never know where your money 's been. Or what's living on it词汇：pesos/pi:s?vs/ n .比索bacterium /kæk'ti?ri?m/ n .细菌(单数)germ/d??:m/ n.病菌bacteria /bækti?ri?/细菌(复数)banknote/bæ?kn?vt/ n.纸币 centimeter/senti,mi:t?。

2012年职称英语理工类A(新增文章+题解)

2012年职称英语理工类新增文章+第四＋五篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem+第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as "ecosystem engineers" and predators. The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil. This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:"Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers. They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators. All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.""In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it. What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4. They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web," Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK. It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area,particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers. At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:"What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering."Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers. Ant biodiversity6is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness. However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem．Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.词汇：predator /' predətə/ n．食肉动物nutrient/' nju:triənt/ n ．营养物；adj．营养的decomposer/,di:kəm'pəuzə/ n．腐生物；分解体prey/prei/ v．捕食；n．被捕食的动物subtlety/ 'sʌtlti/ n ，微妙，精妙herbivore/ 'hʒ:bivɔ: / n ．食草动物注释：1.the University of Exeter ：埃克斯特大学。

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解含译文翻译(A类)

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解含译文（A类）21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）为了活着吃饭27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生+第三十四篇To Have and Have NotIt had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.1 Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit. Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.I headed for a shop on the other side of the street. Unlike the others，it didn't have a sign shouting its name and business，and instead of the usual impersonal modern lighting，there was an appealing glow inside. Strangely nothing was displayed in the window. Not put off by this，I went inside.It took my breath away. I didn't know where to look, where to start. On one wall there hung three hand-stitched American quilts that were in such wonderful condition they might have been newly-made. I came across tin toys and antique furniture, and on the wall in front of me, a 1957 Stratocaster guitar , also in excellent condition. A card pushed between the strings said $50. I ran my hand along a long shelf of records, reading their titles. And there was more...―Can I help you？‖ She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；shereminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said, though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at th e moment,' she laughed. ―If you use it.‖ I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.词汇：impersonal /im'p?:s?n?l/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物antique / n'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的n. 古董，古玩startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇n.惊愕，惊恐arid / ' rid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。

_2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章(含练习解析及译文)

2012年职称英语综合类新增文章—阅读理解1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People讲述关于人们的故事2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class变化中的中产阶级3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan艾伦的来信4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet芭蕾舞的发展5.第十六篇：The Sahara 撒哈拉沙漠6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）美国教育的目标8.*第十九篇：The Family家庭9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past讲述可怕的过去10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）动物的空间距离11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）我们知道的关于语言的一些事情12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）只好向上13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）克隆农场14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）收入15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago看许久以前的世界16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）服务业的重要性17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）国家公园的服务机构18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）发现自己变胖了？这得责怪朋友们19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty老妇人Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not逃亡22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way选择她自己的路23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）一个关于苏格兰乡村生活的故事24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa非洲的流行音乐25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children为什么有这么多的孩子26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）为了活着吃饭27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）美国疾病预防新政策28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape九死一生第一篇Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce，have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies，but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently，though，the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses，these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person，not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇：backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的注释：1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样，各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章详解11

2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章详解112012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章篇目职业培训教育网2011-12-28 10:58【大中小】【我要纠错】编者按：2012年职称英语考试教材已经开始陆续领取，下面是职业培训教育网为考生整理的2012年职称英语考试用书阅读判断新增篇目，祝学习愉快！阅读理解（15篇）第一篇Telling Tales about People第八篇The Changing Middle Class第十篇A Letter from Alan第十一篇The Development of Ballet第十六篇The Sahara*第十九篇The Family*第二十篇Tales of the Terrible Past*第二十六篇Seeing the World Centuries Ago*第三十篇“Lucky” Lord Lucan ----- Alive or Dead*第三十三篇Oseola McCarty+第三十四篇To Have and Have Not+第三十五篇Going Her Own Way+第三十七篇Pop Music in Africa+第三十八篇Why So Many Children?+第四十七篇Narrow Escape2012年职称英语综合类阅读理解新增文章详解11职业培训教育网2011-12-31 09:36【大中小】【我要纠错】2012年职称英语考试大纲未做变化，2011年版仍可以使用。

但是教材有一定的变化，职业培训教育对于新增的文章进行了整理分析，希望对考生有帮助！+第三十四篇To Have and Have NotIt had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon. The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes. Folding them into smallrecords, reading their titles. And there was more...“Can I help you？” She startled me. I hadn't even seen the woman behind the counter come in. The way she looked at me, so directly and with such power. It was a look of such intensity that for a moment I felt as if I were wrapped in some kind of magnetic or electrical field. I found it hard to take and almost turned away. But though it was uncomfortable. I was fascinated by the experience of her looking straight into me, and by the feeling that I was neither a stranger, nor strange, to her.Besides amusement her expression showed sympathy. It was impossible to tell her age；she reminded me faintly of my grandmother because, although her eyes were friendly, I could see that she was not a woman to fall out with. I spoke at last. 'I was just looking really,' I said,though secretly wondering how much of the stuff I could cram into the bus.The woman turned away and went at once towards a back room, indicating that I should follow her. But it in no way lived up to the first room. The light made me feel peculiar, too. It came from an oil lamp that was hung from the centre of the ceiling and created huge shadows over everything. There were no rare electric guitars, no old necklaces, no hand-painted boxes with delicate flowers. It was also obvious that it must have taken years, decades, to collect so much rubbish, so many old documents arid papers.I noticed some old books, whose gold lettering had faded, making their titles impossible to read. 'They look interesting,' I said, with some hesitation. 'To be able to understand that kind of writing you must first have had a similar experience,' she said clearly. She noted the confused look on my face, but didn't add anything.She reached up for a small book which she handed to me. 'This is the best book I can give you at the moment,' she laughed. “If you use it.”I opened the book to find it full. or rather empty, with blank white pages, but paid her the few dollars she asked for it, becoming embarrassed when I realised the notes were still folded into little paper planes. I put the book in my pocket, thanked her and left.词汇：impersonal /im'p?:s?n?l/ adj. 客观的；非个人的；没有人情味的；[语] 非人称的n.[语]非人称动词；不具人格的事物antique /æn'ti:k/ adj. 古老的，年代久远的n. 古董，古玩startle /'stɑ:tl/ vt. vi. 使吓一跳，使惊奇n.惊愕，惊恐arid / 'ærid/ adj. 干旱的，枯萎的。

2012年职称英语理工类完形填空新增文章译文

理工类C级第三篇纸币上的病菌不同国家的人们使用不同种类的纸币：中国用元，墨西哥用比索，英国用英镑，美国用美元、澳大利亚用澳元、新西兰用新西兰元。

这些国家的纸币形状也可能不一致，但所有国家的纸币都具有一个共同点：纸币上有病菌。

一百多年以来，科学家们对纸币上病菌的研究从未停止过。

在二十世纪初期，一些研究人员开始怀疑寄附于纸币上的病菌极有可能传播疾病。

对纸币上病菌的研究大多着眼于某一国家的纸币。

Frank Vriesekoop博士和其他研究人员进行了一项新的研究，即比较不同国家纸币上的病菌总数。

Frank Vriesekoop博士是巴拉瑞特大学的食品微生物学家，他率领一个全球研究小组对至少10个国家的纸币上的病菌展开了分析。

科学家们总共分析了1，280张纸币：所有纸币来自于人们购买食物的地方，如超市、街头小贩和咖啡厅，因为人们在那些地方往往会使用纸币。

总体来说，澳元中的活病菌最少，每平方厘米只有10个；中国人民币的病菌最多，大约每平方厘米100个。

纸币上的病菌大多不会有危害。

我们所说的“纸币”通常不是纸做的。

例如，美元是印在一种棉织物上。

不同的国家可能会用不同的材料印制货币。

Vriesekoop和他的研究团队所分析的货币中有的是棉制品，比如美元。

其他的是由聚合物所制成的。

有三种纸币上的病菌的数量最少，它们是澳元、新西兰元和墨西哥比索，而且它们都是印在聚合物上。

其他的纸币都是印在高棉制品上。

而用聚合物印制的纸币上的病菌较少。

这种关系表明，病菌在聚合物的表面上更难以存活。

科学家们若想搞清楚病菌是怎样在纸币上生存的以及我们是否需要重视这些病菌，需要做更多的研究。

Vriesekoop目前所做的研究就是比较在不同类型的纸币上病菌存活的时间。

无论Vriesekoop的研究有何发现，毋庸置疑的是：纸币含有病菌。

我们接触纸币后应立即洗手。

毕竟，你永远不会知道你的纸币的来源，或者上面有什么东西。

第十篇心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感土豆泥，通心粉和奶酪可能对动脉血管有害，但是，据《心理科学》一项研究表明，它们对心脏有利并且能抑制不利情绪。

2012理工职称英语阅读理解1-50译文翻译

第四部分阅读理解第一篇福特放弃电动汽车分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产，转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机，这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

3年前，福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车，希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。

但由于需求不足，截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车，售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。

“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”，福特欧洲区的Tim Holmes于周五说，“我们感觉自己对电力车已做了昀好的尝试。

”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里，电池充电需6小时。

通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。

昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。

日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元，而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。

丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。

“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。

福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目，我们应据此评价他们的发展。

”Roger Higman，英国Friends of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。

日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。

混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长，电池又可自行充电。

福特表示，他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。

不过，这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。

六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决，可推迟两年执行一项加州法令，该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。

制造商希望修改此法令，允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。