C++作业及参考答案08级1-7章部分答案
(最新整理)东南大学08级C++(下)上机试卷和答案解析
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东南大学08级C++(下)上机试卷D和答案解析(考试时间80分钟卷面成绩100分)学号姓名机位号说明:首先在Z盘建立一个以自己的学号命名的文件夹,用于存放上交的*。
CPP文件,考试结束前根据机房要求,将这个文件夹传送到网络服务器上,注意:提交时只保留文件夹中的CPP文件。
一、改错题(50分)【要求】调试程序,修改其中的语法错误及少量逻辑错误。
只能修改、不能增加或删除整条语句,但可增加少量说明语句和编译预处理指令。
【注意】源程序以“学号f1。
cpp”命名,存入自己学号文件夹。
【题目】以下程序实现动态生成数据成员,析构函数用来释放动态分配的内存,复制构造函数和复制赋值操作操作符实现深复制.【含错误的源程序】#include 〈iostream>#include 〈cstring〉using namespace std;class student{char *pName;public:student( );student( char *pname, int len );//错误1student( student &s );~student( );student & operator = ( student &s );} //错误2 student::student( ){cout >> ”Constructor”;//错误3pName = NULL;cout << "默认" << endl;}student::student( char *pname ){cout 〈< "Constructor";pName = new char[strlen(pname)+1];if ( pName ) strcpy( pName, pname );cout 〈〈 pName << endl;}student::student( student s ) //错误4{cout<<"Copy Constructor";if( s。
2008福建专升本真题C语言含答案
08年专升本C单项选择题(30小题,每小题2分,共60分)1.以下不合法的C语言整型数是A. 79L(长整型)B. 0xab(16进制)C. 7e5(实型)D. 66(整型常数)2.已知int x=85; 执行完(double)x后,x的数据类型是A. int(强制类型转换不会改变变量的类型)B.floatC.doubleD.不确定3.下面程序执行后的结果是void main(){int x=108,y=017;(8进制)printf(%2d,%2d”,x,y); (%2d是10进制,如果长度不够,自动增加)}A.10,01B.108,17C.08,17D.108,154.假设变量已经定义并赋值,则下列正确的赋值语句是A. int a=b=c=2;(书上有说明)B.i++=k-9=jC.c%=6;D.k=>f>=m; 5.设整型变量x=3,则表达式x>5?++x:--x的数值是A. 3B. 4C. 2D. 16.假设变量是整型,则表达式(a=3,b=6,++a,b++,a+b)的数值是A. 9B. 10C. 11(逗号表达式计算规则)D. 127.判断char变量c1是否为大写字母的正确表达式是A. …A‟<.=c1<=‟Z‟B. (c1>=A)&&(c1<=Z)C. …A‟<=c1 || …Z‟>=c1D. c1>=‟A‟ && c1<=‟Z‟8.如果x是整型变量,执行下列语句后,x的数值是x=10; x+=x-=x*x;A. -180B. 180C. 0D. -809.k=1;n=263;do{k*=n%10;n/=10;}while(n);问执行后k的数值是A. 6B. 36C. 18D. 010.下列程序的执行结果是main(){int x=1,y;y=1;if(x>0){if(x>3)y=3;}elsey=-1;printf(“%d\n”,y);}A. 1B. -1C. 不确定D. 311.若变量已定义,要将a和b的数值进行交换,下面选项不正确的是A. t=a;a=b;b=t;B. a=a+b,b=a-b,a=a-b; (逗号表达式)C. t=b;b=a;a=t;D. a=t;t=b;b=a;12.当a=1,b=0时下面程序的输出结果是switch(a){case 0: printf(“0\n”);break;case 1: switch(b){case 0: printf(“1\n”); (注意没有break)case 1: printf(“2\n”);break;case 2: printf(“3\n”);}(注意花括号,没有break)case 2: printf(“4\n”);}(注意花括号)}A. 1B. 1C. 1D. 12 4 2413.设有定义int a,*p=&a; 以下scanf语句能够正确地为变量a读入数据的是A. scanf(“%d”,p);B. scanf(“%d”,a);C. scanf(“%d”,&p);D. scanf(“%d”,*p);说明:int a,*p=&a;等价于int a,*p; a是整型变量(2字节),p是指向整型变量的指针(4字节)p=&a; p的数值是a的地址。
2008年全国大学生英语竞赛C级样题(含答案及范文)
2008年全国大学生英语竞赛样题(C级)Part IListening Comprehension (25 minutes, 30 marks)Section A(5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear 5 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A. The man is not suitable for the position.B. The job has been given to someone else.C. She hadn't received the man's application.2. A. He is going to see his section chief.B. He is going to have a job interview.C. He is going to see his girlfriend.3. A. Ask to see the man's ID card.B. Get the briefcase for the man.C. Show the man her documents.4. A. The dorm room is too crowded.B. There is no kitchen in the building.C. No one looks after the dorm building.5. A. She was always in good shape.B. She stopped exercising one year ago.C. She lost a lot of weight in one year.Section B (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Each conversation will be read only once. At the end of each conversation, there will be a one-minute pause. During the pause, you must read the five questions, each with three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Conversation One6. What is soon to open in China?A. The French Movie Festival.B. The French Cultural Year.C. The French Food Festival.7. How many exhibitions will be held for this activity?A. 200.B. 20.C. 100.8. What will be held at the foot of the Great Wall?A. The City Concert.B. The Opening Ceremony.C. The Great Lunch.9. Which of the following cities is not included in this activity?A. Chongqing.B. Wuhan.C. Shenzhen.10. What will certainly make great contributions to this activity?A. Internet.B. TV shows.C. Newspapers.Conversation Two11. What sound more like a native speaker in a casual conversation?A. Examples.B. Verbs.C. Idioms.12. Which of the following sounds more informal and more natural?A. Get together.B. Meet.C. See.13. Which of the following means that you cannot interrupt me?A. I'm tied up.B. I have a lot on my plate.C. I'm busy.14. In American culture, what is considered important in a conversation?A. Using proper languageB. Making eye contact.C. Looking at your own feet.15. In business, how might Americans feel about you if you are looking away?A. You're feeling ashamed.B. You're telling the truth.C. You're telling a lie.Section C (5 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear 5 short news items. After each item, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the question and then the three choices marked A, B and C, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.16. How long will it take for new forests to grow back?A. 65 years.B. 20 years.C. 40 years.17. What did Jimmy Carter plan to focus his efforts on after leaving the White House in 1981?A. A presidential library.B. Camp David.C. Winning a second term.18. What was regarded as the lifeblood of the country of the Maldives?A. Oil.B. Agriculture.C. Tourism.19. What is responsible for the death of many people in developing countries?A. The development of resistance to diseases.B. The difficulty to cure new emerging diseases.C. The inability of the poor to afford medicine.20. What released an estimated 8.7 million tons of the global warming gas?A. Cars.B. Wildfires.C. Wars.Section D (10 marks)Directions: In this section, you will hear a short passage. There are ten missing words or phrases in it. Fill in the blanks with the exact words you hear on the tape. Remember to write theanswers on the Answer Sheet.A researcher says lead in the environment could be a major cause of violence by young people. Doctor Herbert Needleman is a (21) ________ at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in Pennsylvania and he (22) ________ his findings at the yearly meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Doctor Needleman says the presence of lead in the (23) ________ changes the neurons that control actions and that can cause a person to act in antisocial and (24) ________ ways.In the 1970s, Doctor Needleman found lower scores on (25) ________ even in children who did not have such signs of lead poisoning. After that, lead was (26)________ gasoline and paint in the United States. Yet many homes still have old lead paint. Lead was also used in older (27) ________. In fact, officials just announced stronger testing and reporting requirements as from next year for lead in American drinking water.The newest research shows that even very small amounts of lead in bones can affect brain development. A simple (28)________ can measure lead except that an X-ray process is needed to measure levels in bone. In 2004, such tests were done on 190 young people who were (29) ________ and the findings showed that their average levels were higher than normal. And, in 1998, three hundred children were studied and the test scores showed higher levels of (30) ________ problems in those with increased levels of lead. Yet these levels were still considered safe by the government.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes, 15 marks)Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this part. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.31. So nervous ________ that she didn't know how to start her speech.A. since she becameB. would she becomeC. that she becameD. did she become32. He ________ another career but, at the time, he just wanted to earn money to study abroad.A. might have chosenB. might chooseC. had to chooseD. must have chosen33. The second report was ________ by August 2005, but one year later it was still nowhere in sight.A. submittedB. to have submittedC. to submitD. to have been submitted34. In this experiment, the students studied are stopped several times during the listening test and asked to report what they ________ during the pause before answering the questions.A. had just been thinking aboutB. have just been thinking aboutC. are just thinking aboutD. had just thought about35. I was always taught that it was ________ to interrupt.A. rudeB. coarseC. roughD. crude36. Small boys are ________ questioners. They ask questions all the time.A. originalB. peculiarC. imaginativeD. persistent37. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ________.A. out of workB. out of reachC. out of stockD. out of practice38. The bomb will ________ the moment it is touched.A. go onB. go offC. go outD. go over39. The car won't ________; I've tried it several times, but it won't work.A. beginB. launchC. startD. drive40. Children and old people do not like having their daily ________ upset.A. habitB. routineC. practiceD. custom41. In your first few days at school you'll be given a test to help the teachers to ________ you to a class at your level.A. locateB. assignC. deliverD. place42. China only started its nuclear power industry in recent years, and should ________ no time in catching up.A.loseB.delayC. spareD. relieve43. — You did an excellent job yesterday, Jim! I really enjoyed your presentation.— ________— Oh yeah, it was fabulous. It seems the English program is a great way to practice English.— Yeah. It is fun and motivating.A. Did you really?B. Oh, thank you. You are so kind.C. Really? What about yours?D. Not at all. My pleasure.44. — What kind of music do you like?— Well, I like different kinds.— ________— Er, I especially like punk rock.A. I beg your pardon?B. Are you serious?C. Any in particular?D. Why do you think so?45. — How did you like the fashion show last night?— ________— I didn't see anything wrong with the clothes; they looked pretty nice to me.— Do you really think people can wear that stuff and walk around in streets?A. Impressive. It's a good way to show off women's sense of style and wealth.B. It was cool. The clothes are more beautiful than the people wearing them.C. Nothing serious. It's only a show to attract the eyes of fashion fans.D. It was dumb. I think it's stupid for women to wear clothes like that.Part III Reading Comprehension (20 minutes, 40 marks)Section A (4 marks)Directions: There is one passage in this section with 4 questions. For each question, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 46-49 are based on the following passage.The ability to “see” oneself in the future is a remarkable human trait - some would say unique - that is not well understood. That's despite the fact that we probably spend as much time thinkingabout the future as we do thinking about the present.Now new research from Washington University in St. Louis suggests that it's precisely because we can remember the past that we can visualize the f uture. “Our findings provide convincing support for the idea that memory and future thought are highly interrelated and help explain why future thought may be impossible without memories,” says doctoral candidate Karl Szpunar. The findings are consistent with other research showing that persons with little memory of the past, such as young children or individuals suffering from loss of memory, are less able to see themselves in the future.The researchers base their conclusions on brain scans of 21 college students who were cued to think about something in their past, and anticipate the same event in the future, like a birthday or getting lost. The experiment was carried out as each student lay on their stomach in a magnetic resonance imaging machine, a dreadful but very useful piece of equipment that can show which areas of the brain are stimulated during specific thought processes.The students were also asked to picture former President Bill Clinton in a past and future setting. Clinton was chosen because he was easily recognized and familiar to all the students.The researchers found a “surprisingly complete overlap” among regions of the brain used for remembering the student's past and those used for picturing the future. And every region involved in remembering was also used in anticipating the future.In short, the researchers isolated the area of the brain that “lit up” when the students thought about an event in their own past. And more importantly, that same area lit up again when they thought about a similar event in their future. In fact, the researchers report that the brain activity was so similar in both cases t hat it was “indistinguishable.”The findings were reinforced when students imagined Bill Clinton. Since none of them knew him personally, their memories were not autobiographical. And the brain scans showed “significantly less” correlation between memories of having seen pictures of Clinton in the White House and projecting him into the future.So this “time machine,” as the researchers describe it, allows us to use the past to see ourselves in the future, and both our memories and our anticipation are interdependent.46. A remarkable human trait that is not well understood is the ability ________.A. to think about the pastB. to see the futureC. to remember the pastD. to control the present47. The findings support that ________.A. future goals will greatly influence a person's present performanceB. a person's present performance is determined by his / her past knowledgeC. future thought depends to a great degree on the memory of the pastD. present thought is impossible without the ability to imagine the future48. The conclusion of the experiment on students was that ________.A. the students could picture themselves better than Bill Clinton in a past and future settingB. the students could imagine themselves as well as Bill Clinton in a past and future settingC. the students could anticipate Bill Clinton better than themselves in a past and future settingD. the students could only picture themselves in a past and future setting but not Bill Clinton49. This “time machine” in the last paragraph mo st probably refers to ________.A. clockB. brain scanningC. magnetic resonance imagingD. memorySection B (14 marks)Directions: There is one passage in this section with 10 questions. Go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet. For questions 50-55, mark Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN)if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 56-59, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Visiting the White HouseWhite House Tours Public tours of the White House are available for groups of 10 or more people. Requests must be submitted through one's Member of Congress and are accepted up to six months in advance. These self-guided tours are available from 7:30 a.m. to 12:30 p.m. Tuesday through Saturday , and are scheduled on a first come, first served basis approximately one month in advance of the requested date. We encourage you to submit your request as early as possible since a limited number of tours are available. All White House tours are free of charge. For the most current tour information, please call the 24-hour line at 202-456-7041. Please note that White House tours may be subject to last minute cancellation.White House Visitor CenterAll tours are significantly enhanced if visitors stop by the White House Visitor Center located at the southeast corner of 15th and E Streets, before or after their tour. The Center is open seven days a week from 7:30 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. and features many aspects of the White House, including its architecture, furnishings, first families, social events, and relations with the press and world leaders, as well as a thirty-minute video. Allow between 20 minutes to one hour to explore the exhibits. The White House Historical Association also sponsors a sales area. Please note that restrooms are available, but food service is not.Mobility-Impaired / Using a WheelchairGuests requiring the loan of a wheelchair should notify the officer at the Visitors Entrance Building upon arrival.Wheelchairs loans are offered on a first-come, first-served basis. Reservations are not possible.Visitors in wheelchairs, or with other mobility disabilities, on the Congressional guided or self-guided tours, between 8:00 a.m. and 12 noon, use the same Visitor entrance and, with up to four members of their party, are admitted without waiting in line and without tickets.Visitors in wheelchairs are escorted by ramp from the entrance level to the ground floor, and by elevator from the ground to the state floor. Guests generally wait in line with their family or group.Hearing-ImpairedTours for hearing-impaired groups may be arranged in advance by writing to the Visitors Office, White House, Washington, DC 20502. Tours are usually scheduled at 9:30 a.m., between the Congressional and public tour times. Participants enter at the East Appointment gate. A U.S. Secret Service / Uniformed Division Tour Officer conducts the tour in sign language. Signed tours are available to groups of 8 to 20. Groups are also encouraged to bring their own interpreters.Signing interpretation is also available for individual visitors with advance notice. A Congressional office first issues guided tour tickets to a guest who is hearing-impaired and then contacts the Visitors Office at least 2 weeks in advance to request interpreter service.The Visitors Office TDD (telephone device for the deaf) is 202-456-2121. Messages may be left outside normal business hours.Visually-ImpairedTours for visually-impaired groups may be arranged in advance by writing to the Visitors Office, White House, Washington, DC 20502. The tours are usually scheduled at 9:30 a.m., between the Congressional and public tour times. Participants enter at the East Appointment gate.A U.S. Secret Service / Uniformed Division Tour Officer permits visitors to touch specific objects in the House. Touch tours are currently available only to groups of 8 to 20, not to individual visitors. Guide animals are permitted in the White House.General Tour InformationAll White House tours are free. Changes in tour schedules are occasionally made because of official events. Notice may not be given until that morning. The Visitors Office 24-hour Information Line recording at 202-456-7041 provides the most up-to-date information. The TDD is 202-456-2121. Visitors should confirm tour schedules by calling the information line the night before and the morning that they plan to visit. It is occasionally necessary to close individual rooms on the tour; however, notice about closed rooms is not possible.Prohibited ItemsProhibited items include, but are not limited to, the following: handbags, book bags, backpacks, purses, food and beverages of any kind, strollers, cameras, video recorders or any type of recording device, tobacco products, personal grooming items (make-up, hair brush or comb, lip or hand lotions, etc.), any pointed objects (pens, knitting needles, etc.), aerosol containers, guns, ammunition, fireworks, electric stun guns, mace, martial arts weapons / devices, or knives of any size. The U.S. Secret Service reserves the right to prohibit any other personal items. Umbrellas, wallets, cell phones and car keys are permitted.Please note that no storage facilities are available on or around the complex. Individuals who arrive with prohibited items will not be permitted to enter the White House.ParkingThe closest Metrorail stations to the White House are Federal Triangle (blue and orange lines), Metro Center (blue, orange, and red lines) and McPherson Square (blue and orange lines). On-street parking is not available near the White House, and use of public transportation is strongly encouraged.Restrooms / Public TelephonesThe nearest restrooms and public telephones to the White House are in the Ellipse Visitor Pavilion (the park area south of the White House) and in the White House Visitor Center. Restrooms or public telephones are not available at the White House.50. Both Congressional guided and self-guided tours need to be scheduled in advance.51. All White House tours are free of charge except on federal holidays.52. The White House Visitor Center provides free drinks but not food service.53. Wheelchair reservation service is provided by the officer at the Visitors Entrance Building.54. Hearing-impaired visitors can request signing interpretation service from the Visitors Office.55. Touch tours are currently only offered to visually-impaired groups of 8 to 20.56. Sometimes official events make it necessary to close ________________ without notice.57. The personal items permitted to be carried into the White House are ________________.58. The transportation visitors are encouraged to use is ________________.59. Inside the White House, visitors cannot find or use restrooms or ________________.Section C (10 marks)Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by 5 questions. Read the passage carefully, then answer the questions in as few words as possible (not more than 10 words). Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 60-64 are based on the following passage.If you were on a distant planet, and if you had instruments that could tell you the composition of Earth's atmosphere, how would you know there was life on this planet?Water in the atmosphere would suggest there could be water on the surface, and as we all know water is considered crucial to life. But water would only suggest that life is possible. It wouldn't prove it's there.Carbon? That basic component of “life as we know it?” Not necessarily. A diamond is pure carbon, and it may be pretty, but it isn't alive.What really sets Earth apart is nitrogen, which makes up 80 percent of the planet's atmosphere. And it's there only because there is abundant life on Earth, say scientists at the University of Southern California.The report grew out of a class discussion two years ago in a course taught by Capone and Kenneth Nealson, professor of earth sciences. Students were asked to come up with different ideas about searching for life on other planets. What is a distinct “signature,” as Capone puts it, that would show there is life on another planet?That's a question that has been kicked around in many quarters in recent decades, especially since all efforts to find some form of life, no matter whether on Mars or in the distant reaches of space, have failed. At least so far.The current effort to search for some evidence of life on Mars focuses primarily on the search for water, because it has long been believed that water, or at least some fluid, is necessary for the chemical processes that lead life to take place. But that's probably the wrong approach, the USC group argues.“It's hard to imagine life without water, but it's easy to imagine water without life,” says Nealson, who was on the Mars team before moving to USC.But nitrogen would be a much clearer signature of life. Only about 2 percent to 3 percent of the Martian atmosphere is nitrogen. That's just a trace, and it probably means there is no life on Mars today, and if there was in the past, it probably ended many, many years ago.But, the USC team adds quickly, that doesn't mean there's no life anywhere else in the universe. They don't know where, of course, but they may have found a way to narrow down the search. Look first for nitrogen, then look for biological activity that should be there.So if life exists elsewhere, and is similar to life as we know it, there should be nitrogen, and that's what we should be looking for first, the researchers say.If they don't find nitrogen on Mars, Capone says, “that will probably bring us to the conclusion that there likely never was life on Mars.”But how about elsewhere? Could this technique be used to search for life in other solar systems?Maybe. It might be possible to detect a nitrogen-rich atmosphere around a planet orbiting another star, but not yet. Current instruments aren't that sensitive.If they ever are, the search for life might be narrowed down to the most promising prospects, chiefly because of the presence of nitrogen. And won't that be fun!Questions:60. What can suggest life is possible but cannot be proved according to the author?61. What is a cl ear “signature” of life on another planet according to Capone?62. What is considered as a wrong way to search for evidence of life on Mars?63. What can probably prove there is no life on Mars today based on the new theory?64. Why is it impossible to use the new technique to search for life in other solar systems now?Section D (12 marks)Directions: In this section, there is one passage followed by a summary. Read the passage carefully and complete the summary below by choosing a maximum of three words from the passage to fill in the spaces 65-70. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Questions 65-70 are based on the following passage.In August 2008, athletes from the United States and around the world will compete in the Beijing Olympics. But did you know that in September of next year, disabled athletes will compete in the Paralympic Games in Beijing?The Olympics and the Paralympics are separate movements. But they have always been held in the same year, and since 1988, they have also been held in the same city. The International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to secure this connection. The next winter games will take place in Vancouver, Canada, in 2010.The Paralympic Games grew out of a sports competition held in 1948 in England and a doctor named Ludwig Guttmann organized it for men who suffered spinal cord injuries in World War II. Four years later, it became an international event as competitors from the Netherlands took part. Then, in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome. 400 athletes from 23 countries competed. By 2004, the Paralympic Games in Athens had almost 4000 athletes from 136 countries, who may have physical or mental limitations and may be blind or in wheelchairs. Yet sometimes they perform better than athletes without disabilities.In 1968, Eunice Kennedy Shriver, the sister of former President John F. Kennedy, started the Special Olympics, which are just for children and adults with mental limitations and whose programs currently serve more than two million people in 160 countries. In November 2006, in Mumbai, India, teams competed in the First Special Olympics International Cricket Cup. In addition to India, there were men's teams from Afghanistan, Australia, Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and the West Indies. There were also women's cricket teams from India and Pakistan.There are many organizations in the United States that help people with disabilities play sports. Wheelchair tennis is a popular sport. So is basketball. In fact, there are more than one hundred professional teams playing wheelchair basketball thanks to the special wheelchairs for athletes that are lightweight and designed for quick moves. For people who want to go really fast in their chairs, there is a Power Wheelchair Racing Association.In the state of Utah there is a place called the National Ability Center, which teaches all kinds of sports to people with all kinds of physical and mental disabilities and even gives friends and family members a chance to try a sport as if they were disabled.A reporter from the Washington Post wanted to know what it would be like for a blind personto use a climbing wall. So, protected by a safety line, the newspaper reporter closed his eyes and started to feel for places to put his hands and feet. Trainers on the ground urged him on: “Take your time. You can do it.” Finally he reached the top.At the National Ability Center people can learn to ride horses and mountain bikes. They can try winter mountain sports, and learn scuba diving and other water activities. The center also prepares athletes for the Paralympics.These days, the first place many people go when they want to travel is the Internet, where they can get information about hotels, transportation and services like tour companies. The Internet can also help travelers find special services for the disabled. For example, there are groups that help young people with disabilities travel to different countries.Susan Sygall, who uses a wheelchair herself, leads an organization called Mobility International USA, and has traveled to more than twenty-five countries to talk about the rights of people with disabilities. She says people with disabilities are all members of a global family and working together across borders is the most powerful way of making changes.Summary:The Olympics and the Paralympics are (65) ________ but they have always been held in the same year and also in the same city since 1988 when the International Olympic Committee and the International Paralympic Committee signed an agreement in 2001 to (66) ________. The Paralympic Games grew out of a sports competition organized by a doctor named (67) ________ in 1948 in England for men injured in World War II. In 1952, it became an (68)________ and in 1960, the first Paralympics were held in Rome for people who may have physical or mental limitations or may be blind or in wheelchairs. The (69) ________ was started in 1968 in the United States by Eunice Kennedy Shriver just for children and adults with mental limitations and to help people with disabilities play sports and enjoy other activities, many (70) ________ are founded, such as the Power Wheelchair Racing Association, the National Ability Center and Mobility International USA.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 marks)Section A: There are 5 blanks in the passage. Use the word given on the right side to form a word that fits in each blank. Remember to write the answers on the Answer Sheet.Maria Callas was one of the best-known opera singers in the world, who became famous internationally for her beautiful voice and intense (71)________ during the 1950s, and the recordings of her singing the well-known operas remain very popular today.Maria Callas was born in New York City in 1923 and her real name was Maria Kalogeropoulous. Her parents were Greek and when she was fourteen, she and her mother returned to Greece, where Maria studied singing at the national conservatory in Athens and the well-known opera (72)________ Elvira de Hidalgo chose Maria as her student.In 1941, when she was 17, Maria Callas was paid to sing in a major opera for the first time. She sang the (73)________ role in several operas in Athens during the next three years. In 1943, Callas was invited to perform in Italy, which was the real beginning of her profession as an opera singer. She performed major parts in several of the most (74)________ operas. In 1949, she married an Italian (75)________, Giovanni Battista Meneghini, who was twenty years older and became her adviser and manager.。
大学C C++语言程序设计课后习题答案1-8(电子工业出版社 阳小华 马淑萍主编)
习题答案习题1(参考答案)1.程序与算法的概念及二者的区别是什么?程序:为了实现特定目标或解决特定问题而用计算机语言偏写的指令序列,它由算法和数据结构组成。
算法:(Algorithm)是在有限步骤内求解某一问题所使用的一组定义明确的规则。
通俗地讲,就是计算机解题的步骤。
算法与程序的区别:计算机程序是算法的一个实例,同一个算法可以用不同的计算机语言来表达。
2.简述程序设计语言发展的过程程序设计语言经过最初的机器代码到今天接近自然语言的表达,经过了四代的演变。
一般认为机器语言是第一代,符号语言即汇编语言为第二代,面向过程的高级语言为第三代,面对象的编程语言为第四代。
3.简述高级程序设计语言中面向过程与面向对象的概念。
“面向过程”是一种以过程为中心的编程思想。
首先分析出解决问题所需要的步骤,然后用函数把这些步骤一步一步地实现,使用的时候依次调用函数即可。
一般的面向过程是从上往下步步求精,所以面向过程最重要的是模块化的思想方法。
“面向对象”是一种以事物为中心的编程思想。
面向对象的方法主要是将事物对象化,对象包括属性与行为。
面向过程与面向对象的区别:在面向过程的程序设计中,程序员把精力放在计算机具体执行操作的过程上,编程关注的是如何使用函数去实现既定的功能;而在面向对象的程序设计中,技术人员将注意力集中在对象上,把对象看做程序运行时的基本成分。
编程关注的是如何把相关的功能(包括函数和数据)有组织地捆绑到一个对象身上。
4.C语言程序的特点是什么?(1)C语言非常紧凑、简洁,使用方便、灵活,有32个关键字,有9种流程控制语句。
(2)C语言运算符丰富,共有45个标准运算符,具有很强的表达式功能,同一功能表达式往往可以采用多种形式来实现。
(3)数据类型丰富。
C语言的数据类型有整型、实型、字符型、数组类型、结构类型、共用类型和指针类型,而且还可以用它们来组成更复杂的数据结构,加之C语言提供了功能强大的控制结构,因而使用C语言能非常方便地进行结构化和模块化程序设计,适合于大型程序的编写、调试。
新概念C语言能力教程练习08答案
练习88.1 预处理的作用是把源文件中不是纯粹的C语言语句转换成C语言语句,转换通常是通过简单的查找替换实现的。
预处理器和C语言编译器是程序编译的两个阶段。
预处理器先于C语言编译器对C语言源文件进行处理,经过处理后的源文件通常就只有单纯的C语言语句了,被C语言编译器处理后就能变成“可执行程序了”。
8.2 程序中宏和整型变量的标识符都为A在语法上没有问题,因为程序编译分阶段进行。
预处理时,程序中以标识符形式出现的宏会被展开,当编译时,源文件实际为:#include<stdio.h>void main(){int n = 5;printf("A = %d\n", n);}8.3(1)宏名为:LSTR 宏体为:"This is a long string!"(2)宏名为:AREA 宏体为:(r) 3.1415926 * r * r //注意AREA和(r)之间有空格。
(3)宏名为:N 宏体为:100;8.4宏引用N第一次展开为3 * 2 + M 第二次展开为3 * 2 + 5宏引用N * 2第一次展开为3 * 2 + M * 2 第二次展开为3 * 2 + 5 * 2宏引用(N) * 3第一次展开为(3 * 2 + M) * 3 第二次展开为(3 * 2 + 5) * 38.5 测试程序如下:#include<stdio.h>const double PI = 3.1415926;void main(){double r;printf("请输入圆的半径:");scanf("%lf", &r);printf("它的周长为:%f\n", 2 * PI * r);printf("它的面积为:%f\n", PI * r * r);}const常量是属于C语言的核心部分,而符号常量为预处理部分。
2008-2009第二学期《C程序设计》试卷A(08级09.4,含答案)
一、选择题(每题1分,共20分)1.设 int b=2;表达式b/(b*2)的值是()。
A. 0B. 0.5C. 0.500000D. 0.000002.下列标识符中不合法的标识符的是()。
A. hot_doB. cat1C. _priD. 2ab3.以下程序的输出结果是()。
void main(){int k=17;printf("%d,%o,%x \n",k,k,k);}A. 17,021,0x11B. 17,17,17C. 17,0x11,021D. 17,21,114.设x、y、z和k都是int型变量,则执行表达式:x=(y=4,z=16,k=32)后,x的值为()。
A.4 B.16 C.32 D.525.下述程序段中,while循环执行次数是( )。
int k=0;while(k=1) k++;A. 无限次B. 有语法错误,不能执行C. 一次也不执行D. 执行一次6. 若要求在if后一对圆括号中表示a不等于0的关系,则能正确表示这一关系的表达式为()。
A. a < > 0B. !aC. a=0D. a!=07.执行下述语句后,*(p+1)的值是( )。
char s[]= “ab”,*p;p=s;A.‘b’B. OC. 不定值D. 非法引用128.有以下语句:int b;char c[10];,则正确的输入语句是( )。
A. scanf("%d%s",&b,&c);B. scanf("%d%s",&b,c);C. scanf("%d%s",b,c);D. scanf("%d%s",b,&c);9.能正确表示a 和b 同时为正或同时为负的逻辑表达式是( )。
A. (a>=0‖b>=0)&&(a<0‖b<0)B. (a>=0&&b>=0)&&(a<0&&b<0)C. (a+b>0)&&(a+b<=0)D. a*b>010.C 语言中的逻辑运算结果,用( )表示逻辑“真”值。
2008年全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛赛卷及答案重点
2008年全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛赛卷及答案重点【2008年全国大学生英语竞赛C类初赛赛卷及答案重点】一、听力部分本部分共有15道小题,每小题仅读一遍。
1. C2. C3. A4. B5. B6. A7. B8. C9. A 10. C11. A 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. B二、阅读理解本部分共有20道小题,每小题2分,共40分。
第一篇:16. A 17. D 18. B 19. C 20. D第二篇:21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C第三篇:27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. A 32. D第四篇:33. A 34. D 35. B 36. C 37. D三、完形填空本部分共有20道小题,每小题1.5分,共30分。
38. A 39. D 40. B 41. C 42. B43. D 44. A 45. C 46. D 47. B48. A 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D53. C 54. A 55. B 56. C 57. D四、语法和词汇本部分共有15道小题,每小题1分,共15分。
58. D 59. B 60. A 61. C 62. D63. A 64. B 65. C 66. A 67. B68. D 69. C 70. A 71. B 72. C五、任务型阅读本部分共有10个小题,每小题1分,共10分。
73. possible 74. suitable 75. academic 76. contrast 77. connection78. distinguish 79. determined 80. minimize 81. adjust 82. potential六、作文部分请参照下面格式完成作文:作文标题:保护环境,共同责任开头:首先,我要强调保护环境是我们每个人的共同责任。
随着工业化的发展和人类活动的增加,环境问题日益严重,已经成为全球关注的焦点。
江苏省2008年秋计算机二级考试VC++试题
[2008秋]—、选择题(用答题卡答题,答案依次填在21~30答题号内21. 以下关于逻辑运算的描述中,正确的是________。
A. 所有的逻辑运算都是双目运算,其优先级相同B. 逻辑运算中存在双目运算和单目运算,其优先级相同C. 所有的逻辑运算都是双目运算,其优先级各不相同D. 逻辑运算中存在双目运算和单目运算,其优先级各不相同22. 对于while和do…while循环语句,以下描述正确的是________。
A. do…while语句中的循环体至少执行一次B. 两个语句中循环体可能都不执行C. while语句中的循环体至少执行一次D. 两个语句中的循环体至少执行一次23. 以下说明语句中,不存在语法错误的是________。
A. char s1[4]={―a‖,‖b‖,‖c‖};B. char s2[4]={‗a‘,‘b‘};C. char s3[]={‗I am a student‘};D. char s4[14]={―I am a student‖};24. 设变量a,b,c为整型变量,以下选项中存在语法错误的是________。
A. c=a+++b;B. c=a+b++;C. c=b++=c++;D. c=++a=b++;25. 设有程序段:x=-1;if(a!=0) {if(a>0) x=1;} else x=0;该程序段表示的数学函数关系是________。
-1 (a<0) 1 (a<0)A. x= 0 (a=0) B x= -1 ( a=0)1 (a>0) 0 (a>0)0 (a<0) -1 (a<0)C. x= -1 (a=0) D x= 1 ( a=0)1 (a>0) 0 (a>0)26. 以下关于两个同类型指针变量的叙述中,在一定条件下,运算结果没有实际意义的是________。
A. 两个指针变量可以互相赋值B. 两个指针变量进行比较运算C. 两个指针变量进行减法运算D. 两个指针变量进行加法运算27. 下列有关构造函数的叙述中,正确的是________。
C08
( 3). 函数参数 ---- 函数调用作为一个函数的实参。 函数调用作为一个函数的实参。 例如: 例如 m=max(a , max(b, c)); printf("%d", max(a , b) );
8.2.3 对被调用函数的说明和函数原型
在一个函数中调用另一个函数应具备什么条件? 在一个函数中调用另一个函数应具备什么条件 1. 被调用的函数必须是已经存在的函数。 被调用的函数必须是已经存在的函数 已经存在的函数。 2. 如果是使用库函数,一般还应该在程序的开头用 如果是使用库函数 一般还应该在程序的开头用#include命令 库函数, 命令 将调用有关库函数时所需的信息包含到本程序中。例如: 将调用有关库函数时所需的信息包含到本程序中。例如: #include <stdio.h> #include <math.h> 3. 如果使用用户自定义的函数,而且该函数与调用它的函数在 如果使用用户自定义的函数, 同一个文件中时, 同一个文件中时, 一般还应在主调函数中对被调用函数的 返回值的类型作说明。说明方式: 返回值的类型作说明。说明方式: 被调用函数的函数名( 形参类型说明); 类型标识符 被调用函数的函数名 形参类型说明 注意: 只对函数的返回值和形参的类型进行说明,不包括函数体。 注意 只对函数的返回值和形参的类型进行说明,不包括函数体。 作用: 告诉系统在该函数中将要调用的某个函数的类型,便于检查。 作用 告诉系统在该函数中将要调用的某个函数的类型,便于检查。
例 8.2
调用函数时的数据传递。 调用函数时的数据传递。 void main( ) { int a,b,c; scanf("%d,%d",&a,&b); c=max(a , b); printf("max is %d\n",c); } int max(int x , int y) { int z; z=x>y?x:y; return(z); }
运动08级《运动医务监督》作业题(已做)1
《运动医务监督》作业题一、名词解释1、运动医务监督2、正常脊柱3、脊柱侧弯4、联合机能试验5、核心区6、核心区力量7、核心区稳定性8、过度训练9、运动性血尿10、运动性猝死11、运动性贫血12、晕厥13、兴奋剂二.回答下列问题:1、什么是直立位标准姿势?2、简述脊柱侧弯的形状、类型和程度。
3、怎样判断腿与足弓的形状?4、机能试验有哪五种反应类型?5、核心力量训练的主要作用?6、核心力量训练的分类?7、说出8级腹桥测试的方法?8、简介核心力量主要训练方法。
(五种)9、引起过度训练的原因及早期表现有哪些?应怎样进行处理?(包括处理原则)10、晕厥的原因有哪些?(重力休克是怎样引起的?)如何处理?11、引起肌肉痉挛的原因有哪些?在游泳中若发生小腿肌肉痉挛应怎样处理?12、运动中腹痛的原因和原理,如何处理?13、运动性贫血的诊断标准是什么?14、运动性血尿的特点有哪些?15、运动性猝死的主要原因和预防?16、答出兴奋剂的种类和危害。
17、自我监督包括哪些内容?《运动医务监督》作业题一、名词解释1、运动医务监督:是指用医学的知识和方法,对体育参加者的健康和机能进行监护,预防锻炼中各种有害因素可能对身体造成的危害,督导和协助科学的锻炼和训练,使之符合人体生理和机能发展规律。
2、正常脊柱:①颈椎、腰椎椎体略向前凸,胸椎、骶椎椎体略向后弯,弯弯曲度约为3—5厘米;(侧面观)②脊柱各棘突连线处于同一水平线上,偏离人体中轴线不超过1厘米(前后观)。
3、脊柱侧弯:脊柱侧弯是指脊柱各棘突连线偏离人体中轴线超过1厘米。
4、联合机能试验:由两种以上的负荷按照一定的顺序和时间组成的负荷试验称为联合机能试验。
5、核心区:是以膈肌为顶,盆底肌为底且包括髋关节在内的区域。
6、核心区力量:是附着于核心区域的肌肉所具备的力量素质。
7、核心区稳定性:是由附着于核心区域的相关结构(骨骼、韧带、肌肉、筋膜等)所提供的一种稳定维持能力。
8、过度训练:是运动负荷与机体机能不相适应,以致疲劳连续积累而引起的一系列功能紊乱或病理状态,或疲劳伴有健康损害。
2008年职称英语考试理工类(C级)真题及答案
2008年职称英语考试理工类(C级)真题及答案理工类c级试卷第1部分:词汇选项(第1~15题,每题1分,共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.well give every teacher room for developmenta. placeb. employmentc.spaced.house2. the policeman asked him to identify the thiefb. describec. captured.call3. we were all there when the accidentoccurred.a. happenedb. brokec. spreadd.appeared4. it took meexactly a week to complete the work.a. startb. achievec. improved.finish5. the herb medicine eventually cured her diseasea. nicelyb.apparentlyc. finallyd.naturally6. this new policy has led to a dramaticincrease in productiona. minorb. strikingc. fixedd.modest对不起,中间几题暂缺14. jack consumes a pound of cheese a day.a.eatsb. drinksc. buysd.produces15. mary just told us a very fascinatingstory.a. strangeb. frighteningc. difficultd.interesting第2部分:阅读判定(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判定:假如该句提:供的是正确信息,请选择a;假如该句提供的是错误信息,请选择b;假如该旬的信息文中没有提及,请选择c。
大学物理_(第版)上册_课后习题答案_马文蔚
习题11质点作曲线运动,在时刻,质点的位欠为F,速度为牝t至(r+Ar)时间内的位移为1-Ar,路程为也,位矢大小的变化量为(或称△\r\),平均速度为3,平均速率为鲂。
(1)根据上述情况,则必有()(A)|Ar|=A.v=Ar(B)|Ar|。
也#Ar,当0时有=ds—dr(C)|Ar|w H As,当△,—>0时有陟|=dr。
ds(D)|Ar|=A.v*A?-,当△/—>()时|tZr|=dr=ds(2)根据上述情况,则必有()<A)|v|=v,|v|=v(B)|v|*v,|v|*v(C)|v|=v,|v|9fev(D)|v|*v,|v|=v1-2一运动质点在某瞬间位于位欠r(x,v)的端点处,对其速度的大小有四种意见.即⑴务⑵去⑶务⑷宙帝下列判断正确的是:(A)只有(1)(2)正确(B)只有(2)正确(C)只有(2)(3)正确(D)只有(3)(4)正确1-3质点作曲线运动,了表示位置矢量,▽表示速度,S表示加速度,s表示路程,q表示切向加速度。
对下列表达式,即(1)dvjdt—a:(2)dr/dt=v:(3)ds/dt=Vz(4)|Jv/^|=a,«下述判断正确的是()(A)只有(1)、(4)是对的(B)只有(2)、(4)是对的(C)只有(2)是对的(D)只有(3)是对的1-4一个质点在做圆周运动时,则有()(A)切向加速度一定改变,法向加速度也改变(B)切向加速度可能不变,法向加速度一定改变(C)切向加速度可能不变,法向加速度不变(D)切向加速度一定改变,法向加速度不变*1-5如图所示,湖中有一小船,有人用绳绕过岸上一定高度处的定滑轮拉湖中的船向岸边运动。
设该人以匀速率%收绳,绳不伸长且湖水静止,小船的速率为V,则小船作()(A)匀加速运动,V=(B)匀减速运动,V=v o COS0cos。
(C)变加速运动,v=—也一(D)变减速运动,v=v0cos/9cos。
2008至2012年计算机二级C真题详解
200809二级c真题一、选择题在下列各题的A)、B)、C)、D)四个选项中,只有一个选项是正确的,请将正确的选项涂写在答题卡相应位置上,答在试卷上不得分。
(1)一个栈的初始状态为空。
现将元素1、2、3、4、5、A、B、C、D、E依次入栈,然后依次出栈,则元素出栈的顺序是________。
A)12345ABCDEB)EDCBA54321C)ABCDE12345D)54321EDCBA(2)下列叙述中正确的是________。
A)循环队列有队头和队尾两个指针,因此,循环队列是非线性结构B)在循环队列中,只需要队头指针就能反映队列中元素的动态变化情况C)在循环队列中,只需要队尾指针就能反映队列中元素的动态变化情况D)循环队列中元素的个数是由队头指针和队尾指针共同决定的(3)在长度为n的有序线性表中进行二分查找,最坏情况下需要比较的次数是________。
A)O(n)B)O(n2)C)O(logn)2n)D)O(nlog2(4)下列叙述中正确的是________。
A)顺序存储结构的存储一定是连续的,链式存储结构的存储空间不一定是连续的B)顺序存储结构只针对线性结构,链式存储结构只针对非线性结构C)顺序存储结构能存储有序表,链式存储结构不能存储有序表D)链式存储结构比顺序存储结构节省存储空间(5)数据流图中带有箭头的线段表示的是________。
A)控制流 B)事件驱动C)模块调用 D)数据流(6)在软件开发中,需求分析阶段可以使用的工具是________。
A)N-S图 B)DFD图C)PAD图 D)程序流程图(7)在面向对象方法中,不属于"对象"基本特点的是________。
A)一致性 B)分类性C)多态性 D)标识唯一性(8)一间宿舍可住多个学生,则实体宿舍和学生之间的联系是________。
A)一对一 B)一对多C)多对一 D)多对多(9)在数据管理技术发展的三个阶段中,数据共享最好的是________。
(word完整版)C语言程序设计课后习题1-8参考答案
C语言程序设计课后习题1—8参考答案习题1参考答案一、简答题1、冯诺依曼计算机模型有哪几个基本组成部分?各部分的主要功能是什么?答:冯诺依曼计算机模型是由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备、输出设备五大功能部件组成的。
运算器又称算术逻辑部件,简称ALU,是计算机用来进行数据运算的部件。
数据运算包括算术运算和逻辑运算。
控制器是计算机的指挥系统,计算机就是在控制器的控制下有条不紊地协调工作的.存储器是计算机中具有记忆能力的部件,用来存放程序和数据.输入设备是用来输入程序和数据的部件。
输出设备正好与输入设备相反,是用来输出结果的部件。
2、简述计算机的工作原理。
答:计算机的工作原理可简单地概括为:各种各样的信息,通过输入设备,进入计算机的存储器,然后送到运算器,运算完毕把结果送到存储器存储,最后通过输出设备显示出来。
整个过程由控制器进行控制。
3、计算机软件系统分为哪几类?答:软件内容丰富,种类繁多,通常根据软件用途将其分为两大类:系统软件和应用软件。
系统软件是指管理、监控、维护计算机正常工作和供用户操作使用计算机的软件。
这类软件一般与具体应用无关,是在系统一级上提供的服务。
系统软件主要包括以下两类:一类是面向计算机本身的软件,如操作系统、诊断程序等。
另一类是面向用户的软件,如各种语言处理程序(像BC、VC等)、实用程序、字处理程序等。
在操作系统的基础上运行。
4、什么叫软件?说明软件与硬件之间的相互关系。
答:软件是指计算机程序及有关程序的技术文档资料。
两者中更为重要的是程序,它是计算机进行数据处理的指令集,也是计算机正常工作最重要的因素。
在不太严格的情况下,认为程序就是软件。
硬件与软件是相互依存的,软件依赖于硬件的物质条件,而硬件则需在软件支配下才能有效地工作.在现代,软件技术变得越来越重要,有了软件,用户面对的将不再是物理计算机,而是一台抽象的逻辑计算机,人们可以不必了解计算机本身,可以采用更加方便、更加有效地手段使用计算机。
(完整版)C教材习题答案(1-8章)
main()
{
int score;
char ch;
printf("请输入一个百分制分数:");
scanf("%d",&score);
if(score>100 || score<0){
printf("非法输入!\n");
return 0;
}
switch(score/10) {
#include<math.h>
main(){
float s=0;
int i,j,n,t;
printf("请输入n的值:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++){
t=1;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
t*=j;
s+=1.0/t;
}
printf("%.2f\n",s);
}
2.输出100以内所有能被13和17整除的数。
#include<stdio.h>
main(){
int i;
for(i=1;i<=100;i++)
if(i%13==0 || i%17==0)
printf("%4d",i);
}
3整元换零钱问题。把5元兑换成1角,2角,5角的硬币,一共有多少种换法,编写求解此问题。
printf("5角:%d个\t2角:%d个\t1角:%d个\n",i,j,k);
n++;
08级设计答案Adoc
一、填空题(每小题3分,共21分)1、 “产品”、“课堂”、“系统”.2、 学生预期的学习结果__.3、 学习时所表现出的带有个性特征的、持续一贯的学习方式和学习倾向的综合.4、 背景分析、要素分析、结构分析、功能分析.5、 形成和同化.6、 导入、讲解、提问、板书、变化、强化、结束(至少写出5种).7、①目的性:②明确性;③启发性;④层次性; ⑤针对性;⑥系统性. 二、名词解释(每小题5分,共10分)1、教学方法.答:指为达到既定的教学目标,实现既定的教学内容,在教学原则指导下所进行的师生相互作用的活动方式和措施,既包括教师教的方法,也包括学生学的方法. 2、数学习题系统.答:它由习题的条件、解题的依据、解题的方法和习题的结论四部分组成.三、简答题(每小题6分,共18分)1、试画出数学教学设计的一般模式.学习需要分析 答:2、试分析讲解技能运用的要点有哪些?答: 1)要有明确的讲解结构、要突出重点;2)语言要流畅、准确、生动有趣;3)讲解要有科学性、教育性、启发性;4)尽量做到脱稿讲解; 5)要重视获得的反馈并及时调控. 3、微型教学有哪些特点?答:(1)微型教学也是真实的教学.(2)微型教学是对整体课堂教学的分解和简化.(3)微型教学突出一个重点,或者练习某一个教学技能,或者强化某一种教学方法,或者掌握某一项教学内容.(4)微型教学能更直接、更直观的反映教学效果,从而使教学行为更容易得到改进。
四、论述你对数学“引导探究”教学模式的理解.(共10分)答:引导探究模式是基础教育课程改革的需要,是时代发展的迫切要求,问题探究式教学、实验探究式教学、活动探究式教学、课题学习、研究性学习、发现学习等多种教学方式均属于引导探究的教学模式. 2分引导探究模式是在教师的指导下,学生在探究情境中采用实验、观察、分析、类比、归纳等方式,进行探究式学习活动,发展探究能力,培养科学态度,建构自己的数学认知结构框架和式样。
C#2008程序设计实践教程(课后简答题答案)
第二章:C#编程基础三、简答题1、变量是什么?它是怎么存储数据的?变量(Variable)是指用于容纳一个值在内存中的一块专属的存储位置。
必须为每一个变量指定一个唯一的名称,使用这个唯一的名称访问这个变量中存储的值。
2、引用类型的变量和数值类型的变量有什么不同之处?数值类型的变量和引用类型的变量,两者最根本区别在于:数值类型的变量本身包含他们的数据,而引用类型的变量包含的是,指向包含数据的内存的引用或者叫句柄。
对于数值类型,每个变量有一份自己的数据复制,因而也就不能通过操作其中的一个来影响到另一个。
而对于引用类型,两个变量有可能引用同一个对象,因而也就可能通过操作其中的一个变量来影响也被另一个变量引用的对象4怎么改变数据类型?什么地方需要强制转换数据类型?C#提供了两个类型转换的形式:隐式类型转换和强制显示类型转换。
数据从“小类型”到“大类型”的转换时为隐式类型转换,从“大类型”到“小类型”的转换为显式类型转换,显示类型转换需要如“(type)data”一般的括号转换操作符。
也就是说,将被转换的数据类型包含在目标的数据类型取值范围之内,就可以使用隐式类型转换。
反之则必须使用显式类型转换。
但是需要注意的是,使用显式类型转换时,数所转换后的结果可能会与想象中的结果不一致,这是“大类型”的存储字节要比“小类型”的存储字节多。
如果强制转换,可能发生数据丢失的情况。
5跳转语句和条件分支语句有什么不同之处?条件语句又称为条件选择语句,他判定一个表达式的结果是真假(是否满足条件),根据结果判断是执行那个语句块。
条件语句分为If语句和Switch语句两种方法。
很多的时候,我们需要程序从一个语句块转到别一个语句块,因为C#提供了许多可以立即跳转程序另一行代码执行的语句,这些跳转语句包括:Goto语句、Break语句和Continue语句。
6循环语句都有什么特点,有什么共通之处?循环语句是让程序重复的执行某个程序块,直到某个特定的条件表达式结果为假才结束执行语句块。
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第一、二章1.请编写程序输入三角形的三条边,判别它们能否形成三角形,若能,则判断是等边、等腰、还是一般三角形。
程序可多次判别,程序结束的条件自行定义。
【解答】未加入循环#include <iostream.h>void main(){ float a, b, c ;cout << "a, b, c = " ;cin >> a >> b >> c ;if ( a+b > c && b+c > a && c+a > b ){ if ( a == b && b == c )cout << "等边三角形!" << endl;else if ( a == b || a == c || b == c )cout << "等腰三角形!" << endl;else cout << "一般三角形!" << endl;}else cout << "不能形成三角形!" << endl ;}2.编一程序显示如下图案,注意行数可由用户确定:** * ** * * * ** * * * * * ** * * * * * * * *【解答】#include <iostream.h>void main(){ int i,j,k;for( i=1; i<=5; i++ ){ for( k=1; k<=5-i; k++ ) cout << " ";for( j=1; j<=2*i-1; j++ ) cout << "*";cout << endl;}}第三章1.输入a,b和c的值,编写一个程序求这三个数的最大值和最小值。
要求把求最大值和最小值编写成函数,并使用指针或引用作为形式参数把结果返回函数main。
【解答】(1)使用指针参数#include<iostream.h>void fmaxmin( float,float ,float ,float *,float * );void main(){ float a,b,c,max,min;cout << "a,b,c = ";cin >> a >> b >> c;fmaxmin( a,b,c,&max,&min );cout << "max=" << max << endl;cout << "min=" < <min << endl;}void fmaxmin( float x,float y,float z,float *p1,float *p2 ) { float u,v;if ( x>y ) { u = x; v = y; }else { u = y; v = x; };if ( z>u ) u = z;if ( z<v ) v = z;*p1 = u;*p2 = v;}(2)使用引用参数#include<iostream.h>void fmaxmin( float,float ,float ,float& ,float& );void main(){ float a,b,c,max,min;cout << "a,b,c=";cin >> a >> b >> c;fmaxmin( a,b,c,max,min );cout << "max=" << max << endl;cout << "min=" << min << endl;}void fmaxmin( float x,float y,float z,float &p1,float &p2 ){ float u,v;if ( x>y ) { u = x; v = y; }else { u = y; v = x; };if ( z>u ) u = z;if ( z<v ) v = z;p1 = u;p2 = v;}2. 把以下程序中的print()函数改写为等价的递归函数。
#include <iostream.h>void print( int w ){ for( int i = 1 ; i <= w ; i ++ ){ for( int j = 1 ; j <= i ; j ++ )cout << i << " " ;cout << endl ;}}void main(){ print( 5 ) ; }运行显示:12 23 3 34 4 4 45 5 5 5 5【解答】#include <iostream.h>void print(int w){ int i;if( w ){print( w-1 );for( i=1; i<=w; i++ ) cout << w << " ";cout << endl;}}void main(){print( 5 );}3.编写一个程序,包含三个重载的display函数和一个主函数。
要求第一个函数输出double值,前面用字符串“a double:”引导,第二个函数输出一个int值,前面用字符串“a int:”引导,第三个函数输出一个char字符值,前面用字符串“a char:”引导,在主函数中分别用double、int和char型变量作为实参调用display函数。
【解答】#include <iostream.h>void display( double d ){ cout << "a double:" << d << endl; }void display( int i ){ cout << "a int:" << i << endl; }void display( char c ){ cout << "a char:" << c << endl; }void main(){ double d = 1.5; int i = 100; char c = 'a';display( d );display( i );display( c );}第4章1. 定义一个Book(图书)类,在该类定义中包括数据成员:bookname(书名)、price(价格)和number(存书数量);成员函数:display()显示图书的情况;borrow()将存书数量减1,并显示当前存书数量;restore()将存书数量加1,并显示当前存书数量。
在main函数中,要求创建某一种图书对象,并对该图书进行简单的显示、借阅和归还管理。
【解答】#include <iostream.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>class Book{ public:void setBook(char*,float,int);void borrow();void restore();void display();private:char bookname[40];float price;int number;};//在类外定义Book类的成员函数void Book::setBook(char *name, float pri, int num){ strcpy(bookname, name);price=pri;number=num;}void Book::borrow(){ if (number==0 ){ cout << "已没存书,退出!" << endl;abort();}number = number - 1;cout << "借一次,现存书量为:" << number << endl;}void Book::restore(){ number = number + 1;cout << "还一次,现存书量为:" << number << endl; }void Book::display(){ cout << "存书情况:" << endl<< "bookname:" << bookname << endl<< "price:" << price << endl<< "number:" << number << endl;}void main(){ char flag, ch;Book computer;computer.setBook( "c++程序设计基础" , 32, 1000 );computer.display();ch = 'y';while ( ch == 'y' ){ cout << "请输入借阅或归还标志(b/r):";cin >> flag;switch ( flag ){ case 'b': computer.borrow(); break;case 'r': computer.restore();}cout << "是否继续?(y/n)";cin >> ch;}computer.display();}2. 输入一行字符,按输入字符的反序建立一个字符结点的单向链表,并输出该链表中的字符。