关于英汉文化的翻译
中英文化互译
Color - Green
green-eyed 眼紅
She is a green hand in teaching English. 在英语教学中，他还是个生手。
green
在埃及寺庙的地面是绿色的。在希腊和摩尔人中绿 色代表胜利。对于穆斯林来说绿色是神圣的，在前 往圣地麦加朝圣之后他们手拿绿色的旗帜，头戴绿 色的（穆斯林的）头巾。他们甚至把做祷辞用的小 块地毯也设计成绿色图案。苏格兰高地人以身穿绿 色来代表荣誉。绿色也是爱尔兰的国色。绿色作为 交通信号色则表示通行。在医疗急救设备上往往涂 有绿色。在家庭中使用绿色可有益于消除身心疲惫。
Culture: [ˈkʌltʃə(r)]
n: 文化; 养殖; [生物学] （微生物等的） 培养; 修养 Vt: 培植，培养
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, encompassing language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts.
3.有时 blue 又有社会地位高、出身名门的意义， 如：He is proud of his blue blood. 他因出身名门贵 族而骄傲
white
1.white 在汉语和英语的联想意义中都有纯洁 和清白的意思，但也有一些含义上的不同。 例如，汉民族文化中，白色与死亡、丧事相 联系。如“红白喜事”中的“白”指丧事 (funeral)，表示哀悼。但在英语文化中， white 表示幸福和纯洁，如新娘在婚礼上穿白 色礼服，代表爱情的纯洁和婚姻的贞洁。
中国传统文化英译技巧
中国传统文化英译技巧Tips for Translating Chinese Traditional Culture into English IntroductionChina is a country with a long-standing history and rich cultural heritage. Its culture dates back to thousands of years, and it has influenced Asia and the world by way of its art, music, philosophy, and literature. The Chinese traditional culture is, therefore, an essential part of the country's identity. However, for this culture to be shared beyond the borders of China, it is necessary to translate it into English. In this article, we discuss tips for translating Chinese traditional culture into English.1. Appreciate the nuances of the original languageThe Chinese language is vastly different from English, and the way ideas and meanings are conveyed is unique. The nuances of the language are crucial to conveying the complete meaning of any particular word or phrase. Therefore, to effectively translate Chinese traditional culture into English, one must appreciate the nuances of the original language.2. Understand the cultural contextChinese traditional culture has its roots in Confucianism and Taoism. Confucianism emphasizes social order, respect for authority, and the importance of education. In contrast, Taoism advocates for living in harmony with nature, balance, and self-cultivation. Understanding the cultural context of Chinesetraditional culture is essential as it helps the translator to grasp the underlying meaning and significance of the content.3. Choose the appropriate wordsWhen translating Chinese traditional culture into English, it is necessary to choose the appropriate words. Chinese characters are packed with meanings, and choosing the wrong words can lead to mistranslations. For example, the word '道' can be translated as 'the way' or 'the path.' However, 'the path' is a better translation in the Taoist context. Therefore, the translator must understand the nature of the content and use the appropriate words to convey meaning accurately.4. Avoid word-for-word translationsChinese and English have distinct linguistic structures, with different sentence patterns and syntactic constructions. A word-for-word translation may result in grammatical errors and distorted meaning. For this reason, translators must avoid word-for-word translations and instead focus on conveying the intended meaning of the text.5. Utilize cultural referencesChinese traditional culture is often closely intertwined with historical events and local geography. Utilizing cultural references can help the translator convey the cultural context and make the translation more accurate. For instance, the phrase '黄山之蜜' (honey from the Huangshan Mountains) is an allusion to thequality of honey produced in the Huangshan Mountains.6. Use footnotes and glossariesChinese traditional culture has a vast vocabulary that may not be familiar to an English-speaking audience. Using footnotes and glossaries can help clarify terms and provide context. The translator should provide explanations and translations of specific terms and concepts in the footnotes and glossaries, respectively.7. Proofread the translated materialProofreading is a vital step in translating Chinese traditional culture into English. The translator must ensure that the translated material is grammatically correct and accurately conveys the meaning of the original text. Careful proofreading helps to eliminate errors and inaccuracies that may distort or misrepresent the original meaning.ConclusionTranslating Chinese traditional culture into English is a challenging task. It requires an appreciation of the nuances of the original language, an understanding of the cultural context, and the appropriate use of vocabulary. Word-for-word translations should be avoided, and cultural references should be utilized to clarify terms and provide context. Lastly, proofreading helps to ensure the accuracy of the translated material. By following these tips, translators can accurately convey the richness of Chinese traditional culture to an English-speaking audience.8. Consider thetarget audienceIt is important to consider the target audience when translating Chinese traditional culture into English. The language and cultural references used in the translation should be appropriate for the intended audience. For example, a translation intended for a scholarly audience may use more technical vocabulary and cultural references, while a translation intended for a broader audience should use more accessible language and explanations.9. Be mindful of cultural differencesTranslating Chinese traditional culture into English requires sensitivity towards cultural differences. The translator should avoid imposing their own cultural biases and ensure that the translation accurately reflects the values and customs of the source culture. For example, certain phrases or concepts may have different connotations in China than in English-speaking countries. The translator should be mindful of these differences to avoid misunderstandings or misinterpretations.10. Collaborate with native speakersCollaborating with native speakers can be beneficial when translating Chinese traditional culture into English. Native speakers can provide insights into the cultural context and nuances of the language that may otherwise be missed. They can also help to ensure that the translation accurately captures the essence of the source text. Collaboration can also help to identify and avoid cultural biases that may influence the translation.11. Read widely and research extensivelyTo effectively translate Chinese traditional culture into English, the translator should read widely and research extensively. This can involve reading not only the source text but also related literature, historical documents, and scholarly articles. Research can help to provide context and clarity on specific topics, and can also help to identify cultural references and terms that may require explanation.12. Use translation technology wiselyTranslation technology can be a helpful tool when translating Chinese traditional culture into English, but it should be used wisely. Machine translations can provide a draft translation that can be refined by a human translator. However, machine translations can be limited in their ability to capture the nuances of language and culture. The translator should use technology as an aid and not rely solely on machine translations.13. Keep the translation faithful to the source textUltimately, the translator's aim when translating Chinese traditional culture into English should be to keep the translation as faithful to the source text as possible. This means accurately conveying the meaning, intent, and cultural context of the source text. The translator should avoid making changes to the source text or adding their own interpretation unless it is necessary to convey the meaning accurately.ConclusionTranslating Chinese traditional culture into English is a complex and challenging task. To do so effectively, the translator should appreciate the nuances of the original language, understand the cultural context, choose appropriate words and syntax, utilize cultural references, and proofread the translation carefully. The translator should also consider the target audience, be mindful of cultural differences, collaborate with native speakers, read widely and research extensively, use translation technology wisely, and keep the translation faithful to the source text. By following these tips, the translator can accurately convey the richness and beauty of Chinese traditional culture to an English-speaking audience.。
英汉语中“鸡”及相关惯用语的文化内涵与翻译
英汉语中“鸡”及相关惯用语的文化内涵与翻译鸡是人类最早饲养的动物之一，与人类社会生产生活息息相关。
与此同时，人类赋予鸡丰富的象征意义和文化内涵。
这些象征意义与内涵表达了人类的思想以及内在情感，并逐渐成为了语言中的“珍品”。
然而，由于中西方文化背景的异同，与“鸡”相关的惯用语所要传递的联想意义、象征意义及褒贬意义也存在异同。
因此从英汉语文化背景等异同的角度，选取恰当的翻译策略，正确理解和翻译有关“鸡”的惯用语，对促进中西文化交流具有重要的意义。
标签：鸡惯用语文化内涵翻译策略一、引言长期以来，人类与动物息息相关，动物也给人类社会生活打上了深刻的烙印。
在动物给人类立下的汗马功劳中，最重要的便是动物极大地丰富了人类语言。
在逐步了解动物习性、特征之后，人类开始借助动物意象来描述客观世界、表达内在情感，创造出了许多与动物有关的惯用语，同时赋予这些惯用语丰富的隐喻意义以表达周围客观世界的类似事物。
这种表达方法言简意赅却意蕴丰富、妙趣横生，逐渐成为生动的习语和谚语，世代流传，成为一国文化长廊中一道靓丽别致的风景。
纵观英汉语，因人类对“鸡”这一家禽的特征认识基本相似，鸡的形象和喻义基本一致。
鸡给人的总体印象是体小、平凡、守时、好斗等。
人们将这些特征与社会相联系，衍生出了相似的文化内涵。
但因英汉语长期处于不同的文化背景中，受本民族的心理、审美观等影响，人们对同一动物产生的联想会有所偏差，产生了不同的文化联想。
这一多样性在增加两种语言独特魅力的同时，也给读者解读带来了障碍。
因此，如何从文化内涵意义角度正确理解和翻译“鸡”的相关惯用语至关重要。
二、“鸡”在汉英语中的文化内涵（一）“鸡”在汉语中的文化意义中国“鸡文化”源远流长，内涵丰富多彩。
古时专门报晓的小官叫“鸡官”，与朋友聚会之处为“鸡坛”，文人的书斋谓之“鸡窗”等，足见中国鸡文化蔚为大观。
长江流域屈家岭人类遗址（新石器时代）中曾出土过陶鸡，说明早在公元前，家鸡就已普及于华夏了。
2.文化及汉英翻译汇总
行为的总体。 (2) 文化学者认为文化是人类社会“艺术、政治、经济、教
育、修养、文学、语言、思维的总和。 (3) 跨文化交际学家W. H. Pearce 则认为文化是冻结了的
人际交流，而交际是流动着的文化。 (4)文化是一种复杂体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、
法律、风俗、以及其余社会上习得的能力和习惯。 (5)文化是复杂体，包括实物、知识、信仰、艺术、道德、
语言是文化的一部分，但语言同时又是文化的 载体，人类的各种文化只有通过语言才能传播、 交流、发展、延续。所以各种文化因素都能在 语言中找到根据。语言文字当中，处处都打有 文化的烙印，语言活动过程中，时时可见文化 的踪迹。
语言属于制度文化，物质文化和心理文化是语 言发展的源头活水。
3. The relationship between culture and translation 1. Language is the means of translation, without language there would be no translation. 2. Translation begins with language and the translators’ way of thinking is embodied in language, different languages reflect different cultures and different ways of thinking, and the translations read by the readers are written in language.
英语六级传统文化翻译
1、中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture（1）中国人在7000年以前就开始用谷物酿酒。
（2）总的来说，不管是古代还是现代，酒都和中国文化息息相关。
（3）长久以来，中国的酒文化在人们生活中一直扮演着重要的角色。
（4）我们的祖先在写诗时以酒助兴，在宴会中和亲朋好友敬酒。
（5）作为一种文化形式，酒文化也是普通百姓生活中不可分割的部分，比如生日宴会、送别晚宴、婚礼庆典等。
（1）Chinese people began to make spirits with grains seven thousand years ago. （2）Generally speaking，wine has a close connection with culture in China in both ancient and modern times. （3）Chinese wine culture has been playing a quite important role in Chinese people's life for a long time. (4) Our Chinese ancestors used wine to enjoy themselves while writing poetry, or to make a toast to their relatives and friends during a feast. (5)Wine culture, as a kind of culture form, is also an inseparable part in the life of ordinary Chinese people such as birthday party, farewell dinner, wedding, etc.2、中国书法Chinese Calligraphy(1)characters Chinese calligraphy is not only a traditional Chinese characters writing with a long history, but also an art of self-cultivation and self-expression. (2) Inner world of the writer could be reflected with the help of beautiful Chinese script. (3)Chinese calligraphy plays an important role in Chinese art, for it has influenced other Chinese artistic forms like classical poetry, sculpture, traditional music and dance, architecture and handicrafts.(4)As a treasured artistic form of Chinese culture, Chinese calligraphy is enjoyed by people throughout the world and is becoming more and morepopular.(1)中国书法历史悠久，它不仅是汉字的传统书写形式，也是体现自我修养和自我表达的艺术。
英汉的文化差异及翻译
英汉的文化差异及翻译外国文学最难了解和翻译的第一是联想的意义，接下来，小编给大家准备了英汉的文化差异及翻译,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
英汉的文化差异及翻译一、英汉习语中所反映的文化差异朱光潜先生在《谈翻译》一文中说："外国文学最难了解和翻译的第一是联想的意义……"，"它带有特殊的情感氛围，甚深广而微妙，在字典中无从找出，对文学却极要紧。
如果我们不熟悉一国的人情风俗和文化历史背景，对于文字的这种意义就茫然，尤其是在翻译时这种字义最不易应付。
"英国文化人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文化》(1871)一书中，首次把文化作为一个概念提了出来，并表述为："文化是一种复杂，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其作社会上习得的能力与习惯。
"可见文化的覆盖面很广，它是一个复要的系统。
语言作为文化的一个组成部分，反映一个民族丰富多彩的方化现象。
1、生存环境的差异习语的产生与人们的劳动和生活密切相关。
英国是一个岛国，历史上航海业曾一度领先世界;而汉民族在亚洲大陆生活繁衍，人们的生活离不开土地。
比喻花钱浪费，大手大脚，英语是spend money like water，而汉语是"挥金如土"。
英语中有许多关于船和水的习语，在汉语中没有完全相同的对应习语，如to rest on one's oars(暂时歇一歇)，to keep one's head above water(奋力图存)，all at sea(不知所措)等等。
在汉语的文化氛围中，"东风"即是"春天的风"，夏天常与酷署炎热联系在一起，"赤日炎炎似火烧"、"骄阳似火"是常被用来描述夏天的词语。
而英国地处西半球，北温带，海洋性气候，报告春天消息的却是西风，英国著名诗人雪莱的《西风颂》正是对春的讴歌。
中华文化汉译英
中华文化汉译英1. 元宵节：Lantern Festival2. 刺绣：embroidery3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting6. 书法：Calligraphy7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle11. 战国：Warring States12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department15. 集体舞：Group Dance16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture21. 附属学校：Affiliated school22. 古装片：Costume Drama23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems26. 火锅：Hot Pot27. 四人帮：Gang of Four28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festiva l34. 针灸：Acupuncture35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The TangTri-colored pottery36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics37. 偏旁：radical38. 孟子：Mencius39. 亭/阁：Pavilion/ Attic40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises41. 火药：gunpowder42. 农历：Lunar Calendar43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera47. 太极拳：Tai Chi48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand51. 红双喜：Double Happiness52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)54. 莲藕：Lotus Root55. 追星族：Star Struck56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone"71. 兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army72. 旗袍：cheongsam。
中国文化精粹 中英文
中国文化精粹中英文The Essence of Chinese Culture: A Harmonious Blend of East and WestChina, a land of ancient civilizations, has long been revered for its rich and diverse cultural heritage. From the grandeur of the Forbidden City to the serene gardens of Suzhou, the country's traditions and customs have captivated the hearts of people worldwide. At the core of this cultural tapestry lies a unique blend of philosophical, artistic, and social elements that have endured the test of time. In this essay, we will delve into the essence of Chinese culture, exploring its profound influence on the modern world and the harmonious integration of Eastern and Western perspectives.At the heart of Chinese culture lies a deep-rooted philosophical framework that has shaped the nation's worldview for centuries. The teachings of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism have collectively instilled a sense of harmony, balance, and respect for the natural world. Confucianism, with its emphasis on social order, filial piety, and moral cultivation, has profoundly shaped the way Chinese people interact with one another and approach their daily lives. The Taoist principles of yin and yang, the flow of qi, and the pursuit ofsimplicity and serenity have fostered a deep appreciation for the natural world and a holistic approach to personal well-being. The influence of Buddhism, with its focus on spiritual enlightenment, mindfulness, and the interconnectedness of all things, has further enriched the Chinese cultural landscape.One of the most striking aspects of Chinese culture is its artistic expression. From the delicate calligraphy and intricate ink paintings to the graceful movements of traditional Chinese dance and the melodic harmonies of Chinese music, the country's artistic traditions have captivated audiences worldwide. The art of tea ceremony, a practice that combines the appreciation of aesthetics, the cultivation of mindfulness, and the sharing of social bonds, is a testament to the depth and nuance of Chinese cultural expression. Additionally, the architectural marvels of ancient Chinese civilizations, such as the Great Wall, the Terracotta Warriors, and the exquisite gardens of Suzhou, serve as tangible testaments to the ingenuity and creativity of the Chinese people.Interwoven with these artistic and philosophical elements is the rich tapestry of Chinese social customs and traditions. The Lunar New Year, with its vibrant celebrations, family gatherings, and symbolic rituals, is a prime example of the enduring cultural practices that continue to shape the lives of Chinese people both at home and abroad. The reverence for elders, the importance of filial piety, andthe emphasis on community and harmony are deeply embedded in the social fabric of Chinese society, influencing everything from family dynamics to business practices.As the world has become increasingly interconnected, the influence of Chinese culture has extended far beyond the country's borders. The popularity of Chinese cuisine, the global embrace of traditional Chinese medicine, and the growing interest in learning the Mandarin language are all testament to the profound impact of Chinese culture on the global landscape. Furthermore, the recent rise of Chinese economic and technological prowess has further highlighted the country's cultural influence, as the world seeks to understand and engage with the unique perspectives and approaches that have shaped China's development.However, the essence of Chinese culture is not merely a static set of traditions and practices. Rather, it is a dynamic and evolving tapestry that has continually adapted and integrated elements from other cultural traditions. The integration of Western influences, particularly in the realms of science, technology, and modern art, has led to a rich cross-pollination of ideas and the emergence of a harmonious blend of Eastern and Western perspectives. This fusion has given rise to a new cultural landscape that celebrates the enduring values of Chinese culture while embracing the innovations and perspectives of the modern world.In conclusion, the essence of Chinese culture lies in its profound philosophical foundations, its rich artistic expressions, and its enduring social customs and traditions. As the world continues to evolve, the influence of Chinese culture has become increasingly global, with its unique perspectives and approaches shaping the way we understand and engage with the world around us. By embracing the harmonious blend of Eastern and Western influences, we can collectively embrace the depth and beauty of Chinese cultural heritage, and in doing so, enrich our understanding of the human experience.。
英汉语言中“鸭”及其惯用语的文化内涵与翻译
英汉语言中“鸭”及其惯用语的文化内涵与翻译在西方，“鸭”的形象滑稽又励志、搞笑又纯真，提升并丰富了人们的生活情趣，不仅是孩子们的偶像，更是成人们的心灵寄托，“大黄鸭”就是一个典型形象。
在中国，“鸭”是生活的必需品之一，也是饮食文化的重要组成部分，更是中华文明的载体之一。
为进一步加深对“鸭”在中西文化中内涵异同的了解，本文对英汉语言中“鸭”及其惯用语的文化内涵与翻译作了详尽的探讨与分析，以期促进“鸭”文化的普及与发展。
标签：鸭大黄鸭文化内涵英汉翻译一、引言动物和人的生活息息相关，这不仅由于生物圈中的食物链关系，还由于不可割裂的历史文化渊源。
作为家禽的“鸭”也是如此。
随着时代的发展，鸭在人们生活中的意义也在变化。
在历史文化的演进过程中，人们对鸭的习性及其内涵的发展有了较深入的了解。
大致而言，普遍认为中西方鸭的文化内涵相近，但因气候、人们生活习俗的不同，鸭在中西方文化中的内涵也有些差异。
中国有“春江水暖鸭先知”这一诗句，说的是鸭开始下河戏水之时就是春天升温之日。
在西方文化中，鸭形象滑稽，卡通片《米老鼠和唐老鸭》深受儿童喜爱。
为进一步加深对鸭在中西文化中内涵的异同的了解，有必要对英汉语言中“鸭”及其惯用语的文化内涵与翻译作详尽的探讨与分析，以促进“鸭文化”的普及与发展。
这有利于传承文化精华，丰富人们的精神生活，消除跨文化交际中的障碍。
二、“鸭”在中西文化中的内涵（一）“鸭”在中国文化中的内涵“鸭文化”贯穿于整个中华文明中，它不仅体现在饮食文化方面，而且体现在养生怡情方面。
在华夏民族刚进入父系社会的伏羲时期，鸭就已经有了历史记载。
“始创于夏禹之前有虞国的《山海经·西山经》曾记录过一些关于传说时代的水禽，其中最为著名的就是与‘伏羲’同名的‘凫徯’”，“凫”即“鸭”，鸡冠鸭翅的形象就是“凤凰”的起源或雏形。
“伏羲举日图”中的“太阳鸟”和三星堆中的“青铜凤凰鸟”就是鸡和鸭。
（《刘子新论》：“楚之凤凰，乃是山鸡。
传统文化中英文对照
传统文化中英文对照Traditional Culture in China and Its English TranslationChina has a rich and diverse traditional culture that has been shaped over thousands of years. From Confucianism and Daoism to traditional Chinese medicine and tea culture, there are a wide variety of aspects of traditional culture to explore.Confucianism, or Ruism, is a system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius, also known as Kongzi, in the 6th century BC. It emphasizes the importance of filial piety, loyalty, and respect for one's elders. The English translation for Confucianism is 孔教 or 儒学.Daoism, or Taoism, is another important traditional Chinese philosophy. It is based on the teachings of Laozi and emphasizes living in harmony with the Dao, or the Way. The English translation for Daoism is 道教 or 道家.Traditional Chinese medicine, or TCM, is a holistic approach to health and healing that includes techniques such as acupuncture, herbal medicine, and qigong. The English translation for traditional Chinesemedicine is 传统中医.Tea culture is an integral part of traditional Chinese culture, with a rich history dating back thousands of years. The English translation for tea culture is 茶文化.In addition to these examples, there are many other aspects of traditional Chinese culture that are worth exploring, including traditional Chinese calligraphy, martial arts, and the Chinese zodiac.By learning about traditional Chinese culture and its English translation, people from around the world can gain a deeper understanding and appreciation for the richness and diversity of Chinese civilization.。
中华传统文化英语句子
中华传统文化英语句子1.The Chinese culture, rich in history and tradition, is a testament to the wisdom and creativity of the Chinese people.2.Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism are the three major pillars of Chinese philosophy, shaping the moral and spiritual values of the Chinese society.3.The art of Chinese calligraphy is not just about writing; it's an expression of inner peace and harmony with the universe.4.The Great Wall of China, a magnificent feat of engineering, is a symbol of the Chinese people's resilience and determination.5.Chinese cuisine, with its diverse flavors and cooking techniques, is a celebration of life and a testament to the culinary genius of the Chinese people.6.The Chinese zodiac, based on a 12-year cycle of animals, is a unique way of understanding personality traits and predicting the future.7.The art of tea ceremony in China is not just about drinking tea; it's an elaborate ritual that promotes inner tranquility and respect for nature.8.The Chinese language, with its complex characters and profound literary tradition, is a powerful tool for communication and self-expression.9.Chinese festivals, such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, are celebrations of family, unity, and the cycles of life.10.The Chinese culture of respect for elders and ancestors is a fundamental value that promotes social harmony and personal growth.。
中国文化汉译英
中国文化汉译英（常见而又生疏的）Historical EventsChen Sheng-Wu Guang Upring 陈胜吴广起义Golden Years of Zhenguan 贞观之治Peace and Prosperity of the Kaiyuan Years 开元盛世Literary Inquisition 文字狱The Opium Wars 鸦片战争Burning of the Imperial Palace 火烧圆明园Anecdotes of Famous Historical FiguresSun Wu Demonstrated Troop Training 孙武演阵The King of Yue State Endured Self-imposed Hardships 越王勾践卧薪尝胆Su Wu Tended Sheep 苏武牧羊The Event of National History Coppilation 国史事件Tang Xuanzang’s Pilgrimage 唐玄奘取经Ancient ClassicsConfusion Classic 经部Historical Classic 史部Philosophical and Scientific Classics 子部Literary Classics 集部Classic Series 丛书The Book of Songs 诗经Poetry of South 楚辞Yue Fu Ballad 乐府民歌Prose Romances of the Tang Dynasty 唐传奇The Prose of the Tang and Song Dynasties 唐宋散文Ci-poetry of the Song Dynasty 宋词The Chinese Allusions, Legends and FolktalesThe creation of the world 开天辟地Nv Wa Created Humans 女娲造人Nv Wa Mended the Fallen Heaven 女娲补天Kua Fu Chased the Sun 夸父逐日Jing Wei Attempted to Fill Up the Sea 精卫填海Yi Shot Down Ten Suns 后羿射日Yu Gong Wanted To Move Two Mountains 愚公移山Meng Jiang Nv Cried the Great Wall Down 孟姜女哭长城The Love Story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai 梁山伯与祝英台A Biography of the White Snake 白蛇传Historical SitesThe Mausoleum of Huangdi 黄帝陵The Ruin of the Old Summer Palace 圆明园遗址The Sun and Moon Lake 日月潭Traditional Chinese MusicXiao Xiang Water and Cloud 潇湘水云An Overall Ambush 十面埋伏Playing Xiao and Drum Under the Setting Sun 夕阳箫鼓The Moon over a Fountain 二潭映月Singing on the Returning Fishing Boats 渔舟唱晚Raindrops rattling on the Banana Leaves 雨打芭蕉Traditional Chinese PaintingOde to the Luo Goddess 洛神图（顾恺之东晋）The Imperial Carriage 步辇图（阎立本唐）The Lady Weaving a Fan 挥扇仕女图（周昉唐）Han Xizai Holding a Night Banquet 韩熙载夜宴图（顾闳中五代南唐）The Snow Covered Woods 雪景寒林图（范宽宋）A Boundless View 千里江山图（王希孟宋）Residence in the Fuchun Mountain 富春山居图（黄公望元）Water Hibiscus 出水芙蓉图（佚名。
从文化角度看英汉习语翻译IdiomsTranslationfromCulturalPerspecti
从文化角度看英汉习语翻译Idioms Translation from Cultural PerspectivesAbstractAlong with the development of the communications between the East and the West, translation becomes more and more important, of which idiom translation takes a great position. Idioms are the fruits of human culture, which reflect the culture in return. It is a big concept, which contains set phrases, sayings, proverbs, slangs, colloquialisms and enigmatic folk similes. Idioms come from various sources, such as from history, religion, poetry, literary quotations, daily life, etc. It is the point that idiom covers a rich information of its society and culture that makes the translation much more difficult than that of others, for it requires a better grasp of both the techniques of translation and the knowledge of the background of its target language, including its culture, history, religion, society, etc.With a view to having a better master of idioms translation, in this thesis I will talk about the techniques of idiom translation from the cultural perspective by the means of comparing the Chinese and English images.This thesis indicates the significance and the present situation of idioms translation, gives a brief introduction of idiom, including the definitions, formations, categories and the significance, makes a contrast between Chinese and English idioms’ images, introduces the techniques of idioms translation on the basis of the comparison, andconcludes the whole thesis and points out the limitation of this thesis and gives several suggestions for further studies.Key words: idioms; idiom translation; culture; technique摘要随着中西方文化交流的深化和进展，两边语言翻译变的愈来愈重要了，而其中习语的翻译更是占了一个相当大的比重，有着举足轻重的作用。
英汉文化翻译典故来源
请叙说以下典故的来源1. a wolf in sheep’s clothing此语源自<<伊索寓言>>,直译为“披着羊皮的狼”,也可表示这些意义“伪装成朋友的敌人;貌善心毒的人,伪君子”等. 该成语涉及这样一则故事:一只狼披着羊皮混到羊群里去了,欺骗了羊羔,并把羊羔吃了.又见<<新约.马太福音>>第七章有如此一说: “你们要防备假先知.他们到你们这里来,外面披着羊皮, 里面却是残暴的狼.”例句：Mrs Martin trusted the lawyer until she realized that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. 马丁太太原来很信任那个律师，后来才认清他是个披着羊皮的狼。
Mr Black was fooled by the salesman’s manner until he showed that he was really a wolf in sheep’s clothing，by selling Mr Black a car that was falling apart.布莱克先生被推销员愚弄了，后来才发现原来推销员貌善心毒的人。
他卖给布莱克先生的是一辆要垮的小汽车。
2. a dog in the manger此成语源自<<伊索寓言>>,含贬义.该成语涉及这则故事:一只狗躺在马槽里,马或牛来吃食时,它却不让,但狗自己又不能吃.LDC认为该成语指“自己不能享用又不让别人享用的人”. 我们一般选择此译法: “占着茅坑不拉屎(的人)。
例句：I’d like to ask you to consider it again and not to be a dog in the manger .我劝你还是再考虑考虑，不要干那既损人又不利己的事。
3.to carry coals to Newcastle此语与法国谚语“运水入河”相当,可译为“多此一举”.纽卡斯尔(Newcastle)是英国的产煤基地. 例句：It would be like carrying coals to Newcastle if another bank opened in this street ; there are three here now .如果再在这条街上开一家银行，那可真是多此一举，因为这条街目前已经有三家银行了。
英汉比较与翻译 第十章 文化意象翻译
• 译文2：宁愿在地狱里为王，也不肯在天堂里 为臣。
• 译文1套用汉语谚语，有失源语韵味，因为原作 宗教色彩极浓。而译文2译作“宁愿在地狱里为王 ，也不肯在天堂里为臣”，这样既揭示了原文的 深层意义，又保留了原文的宗教文化意象，同时 为汉语修辞开拓了新的境界。
• 例4 巧妇难为无米之炊。
他们介绍闪烁中国文化色彩的语言，以及富有 汉民族特点的饮食文化。
文化的意象理解与误解
•
英语中lion是百兽之王，是“勇敢、凶猛、威严”
的象征，英国国王King Richard I由于勇敢过人，被称为
the Lion-Heart。英国人以lion作为自己国家的象征。
The British Lion就是指英国。英语中有许多与lion有关
英汉文化意象比较与翻译
Culture Intention
Ⅰ文化意象的来源与定义 Ⅱ文化意象的理解与比较 Ⅲ文化词汇和意象的翻译
“意象”(image)的定义
• 根据辞海的解释，意象是表象的一种，简 单地说，意象就是寓“意”之“象”，就 是用来寄托主观情思的客观物象。意与象 是契合为一，意始终不脱离感性对象而存 在，象存则意可依托，象变则意变，象亡 则意无所依附。
• 文化意象的失落表现在两个方面：西方译入语中 无对应文化意象而导致意象失落；中西习语或成 语的独特性和典型性引起文化意象的失落。
•
例2 欲去牵郎衣，郎今何处？不恨归来迟，莫向临邛
去！（孟郊《古别离》）
•
译文：You wish to go，and yet your robe I hold. Where
文化意象的错位(nonequivalence of culture-loaded image)
道教文化与汉英翻译
道教文化与汉英翻译Taoist Culture and C-E Translation▪道教文化背景知识Taoist Culture道家Philosophical Taoism道敎Religious Taoism起源：OriginTaoist organizations:张道陵Zhang Daoling 五斗米道西晋Taoist doctrines:老子李耳Laozi 唐高祖李渊Tang Dynasty老子Laozi▪老子Laozi, honorific title老“venerable”, “old”子“master”, honorific suffix李耳Li Er, 字伯阳Boyang (courtesy name)▪道家学派始祖founder of philosophical Taoism▪《道德经》Tao Te Ching▪宇宙哲学Chinese cosmogony▪信仰：Beliefs▪Tao “way”, “path”▪無為Wu wei “without action”无为而治，不言之教Hayek：spontaneous orderJames Dorn: minimizing the role of government and letting individuals develop spontaneously would best achieve social and economic harmony.▪三宝▪慈compassion俭moderation (Thrift)不敢为天下先humility▪朴simplicity, the primordial state of tao▪去甚，去奢，去泰Discarding extremes, extravagance and excess▪少私寡欲wipe out selfish desires▪清静恬淡live a quiet life/ quiet world▪知足常乐the attitude of contentment on what one owns道教经典英译▪道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
一、从理论上叙述文化差异翻译是英语专业学生的一项必要的技能，翻译练习可以帮助我们更好地认识两种语言的特点以及它们之间的文化差异。
因此，我们会加强一门外语和母语之间的理解，能够轻易地接受国际化的非文化因素。
例如，提到佛教，我们也许很容易就把它和古印度联系起来；提起基督教，会首先想到巴勒斯坦，罗马帝国和西方国家。
著名人类学家爱德华·泰勒在《原始文明》中说：“一个复杂的统一体，包括知识、信念、艺术、法律、道德思想、习俗以及由社会成员所得到的任何其它的能力，习惯等就是文化。
”简言之，文化恰好是一个特定社会群体的总的生活方式。
在翻译中遇到的困难大部分来自于以下四个部分。
1.技术经济系统技术经济系统包括生态环境、生产、交换、分配方式、科学技术、人工产品等。
它们是导致文化异的主要物质因素。
物质财富为社会发展和文化繁荣奠定了坚实的基础，因此在不同文化背景下的人们在日常事物的表达上有不同的方法。
当把一个词或短语从一种语言翻译成另一种语言的时候，应了解它的文化。
例如，在我国新疆地区的哈萨克族以畜牧业为生，所以马和羊在他们的生活中起着重要的作用，那里所有的男孩必须要牧羊，所以“boy”在哈萨克语中的意思是“shepherd”。
当女孩结婚的时候，新郎的家庭应当要送马给女方作为订婚礼物，因此“girl”在哈萨克语中的意思是“horse-owner”。
如果对它们不了解，我们就无法理解原作品中的句子，更别提把它们用另一种语言翻译出来了。
2.社会系统社会系统一般表示社会阶层、群体、相关结构、政治、法律、教育、习俗、历史等。
例如，火鸡是圣诞节的一道主菜，但是一个记者在翻译一则关于美国前总统约翰逊和尼克松一起吃晚餐的新闻时把“Turkey Dinner”翻译成“土耳其午餐”，这确实是因为对习俗不熟悉。
3.抽象系统抽象系统包括世界观、宗教、邪教、民间信念、艺术创造、价值观、思维方式等，其中，认知和思维方式对语际交流中的相互理解有最大的影响。
例如，gild the Lily(画蛇添足，多此一举)和lock the stable door after the horse has been stolen (贼走关门)很可能被中国学生误解为“锦上添花”和“亡羊补牢”。
因为能够引起英语和汉语相反的联系的这两个习语在形式上是相当相似的。
“Bright red costumes, with hats, shoes and stockings to match are to be all the craze in spring. Smart women will have to be careful not to yawn in the streets in case some short-sighted person is on his way to post a letter.”如果不知道在英国邮箱是红色的，与其他国家不一样，就不会抓住这一段的真实涵义。
事实上，作者在这里想要借助邮箱的颜色来讽刺那些穿红色裙子的胖拙的妇女，因为她们会被那些近视的人当成是邮筒来使用。
4.语言系统语言系统主要包括组成主要语言资源的语音结构、语法结构和语义结构。
因为写作资源是不同的，在英语中所谓的“I-steel”和“T-square”在汉语中被认为是“I 字钢”和“T 字尺”。
有时在一种文化中被注意的一种现象将会在另一种语言中被忽视。
例如，在英语国家，人们会很自然地把“a clear-shapedankle”和“a slim girl with beautiful lines of legs”联系起来，但是这两方面之间的关系似乎没有被给予全方位的注意。
在下面的两个例子中，“ankle”这个单词被不同地使用，以不同的方式被翻译。
句子如下：Long-stemmed models ankled through the hobby.(身材修长的模特儿袅袅婷婷地走过大厅。
) He was slightly disturbed by the cashier, a young and giggling Wisconsin school-teacher with ankles...（那个年轻的出纳员，威斯康星州的女教师的咯咯笑声和一双漂亮的脚弄得他有些心慌意乱。
期刊文章分类查询,尽在期刊图书馆）刍议英语歧义现象_词汇论文导读:：英语中的歧义主要可以分为：语音歧义。
其中词汇众多。
句法歧义。
词汇歧义以及语用歧义等等。
刍议英语歧义现象。
论文关键词：语音，词汇，句法，语用，歧义何谓英语中的“歧义”？伍谦光在其《语义学导论》一书中说明：“歧义”是指一个句子或一句话模棱两可，可以做两种或多种解释。
在该书中，作者举了这样一个例子：They sawher duck.这是个有歧义的句子。
这是一个因对句法结构有不同理解而引起歧义的句子。
如果我们把duck看做是不定时动词，起宾语her的补足语的作用，那么句子的意思是：“他们看见她低下头来(或弯下腰来)”。
如果把duck看做是名词，起直接宾语的作用，那么句子的意思则是：“他们看见了她的鸭子”。
我们通过这个例子可以得出：语言是一种约定俗成的社会现象，而不是人们根据科学规律创造出来的。
因此，词句和语义之间没有必然的一一对应的关系。
不同的词句往往可以表达同一思想，而同一词句也可以表达不同的意思，所以语言中的一语多义现象大量存在词汇，这就是人们常说的语言中的“歧义现象”。
英语的发展史源远流长，其中词汇众多，同义词丰富，加之其语法结构不很严密，这都给歧义的产生提供了语言条件，所以英语中歧义是很普遍的。
英语中的歧义主要可以分为：语音歧义，句法歧义，词汇歧义以及语用歧义等等。
下面将从语音、词汇、和语用方面对英语歧义现象进行分析。
一语音歧义语音歧义是指借助话语在发音上的完全相同或相似而构成的歧义。
该现象主要是由于同音词造成的。
除此之外，同音异义的词组和短语，不同的语音停顿和语调以及不同的重音都可能导致歧义。
（一）同音异义词：在现代英语的词汇中，同音而异义的词数量很大，为歧义的产生提供了大量的原始素材论文开题报告。
例如rain和reign，sighs和size等，它们发音完全相同，只是拼写和意思不同。
由同音异义导致的歧义句子屡见不鲜。
例如："When does the baker follow his trade?" "Whenever hekneads the dough."该例就利用了need（需要）和knead（揉面）这一对同音异义词，并配上“dough”的多义（既作“生面”，又作为俚语的“钱”讲），从而让读者或听者难以辨别出面包师到底是需要钱时就开始了生意，还是在他揉面时就开始了生意。
英语中，由于同音异义现象产生的歧义不胜枚举，如sow（播种）和sew（缝纫），right（右边）和wright（造……的人），meet（遇见）和meat（肉）等词汇，我们都应谨慎使用。
（二）同音异义的词组和短语：这是指两个词组和短语，其发音相同，甚至逐个音节都完全一样，但作为词组短语，两者的意思却迥然不同。
这种情况多是由于发音上受连读（liaison）的影响。
例如：a bee feeder / a beef eater 例中，a bee feeder和a beef eater由于音节界限不明造成歧义，前者/f/在后面音节，后者/f/在前面音节，但说话时往往容易混淆这两者的界限；而eater中的/t/由于不是在重读音节中，又紧跟在元音之后，所以变为带有闪音（/d/），因此也容易与前者feeder混淆。
由于语音的相似性，听者难以断定是“蜜蜂饲养员”还是“食牛肉者”。
与此相似的其它例子如：a trained deer / a train，dear / It rainedhere.; gray day / grade A; a nice girl / an ice girl; a name / an aim 等都可能由于连读而产生歧义。
（三）由于不同的语音停顿（different breathgroups）和不同的语调（differentintonation），从而导致歧义John said the teacher is a fool. 该句因为说话者不同的停顿和不同的语调，便产生意思截然相反的两句话。
（四）由于重音（stress）的不同而导致的歧义。
如：That all I know.，根据强调的侧重点不同，该句可以有不同的含义。
二词汇歧义词汇歧义指由于对句子中某一个词的意义有不同的理解而产生的歧义。
就词汇歧义而言，具体又可分为以下四种情况（一）因“一词多义”或“同形异义”引起的歧义所谓一词多义，是指同一个词有多个不同的意义，在词典中列入同一个词条，如bachelor 既可指“独身”，也可指“学士”；mad 既指“发疯”又指“生气”。
同形异义是指那些拼写或发音相同而意义不同的词词汇，如：ball，兼有“舞会”与“球”的意思；bank兼指“银行”和“河岸”。
有时，“一词多义”与“同形异义”词是很难区分开的。
由于“一词多义”或“同形异义”产生的歧义句子如：(1) Mr. Collins, the priest, is going to marry Jane at the church .该句中，marry属一词多义现象，它有两种解释。
第一：“与（某人）结婚”，这样全句的意思是：牧师Collins先生将在教堂和Jane结婚；第二：“给（某人）证婚”，该句又变为牧师Collins先生将在教堂为Jane证婚（Jane和另一位男子结婚）。
(2) The tourists passed theport at midnight. 该句中port属同形异义现象，当“港口”讲时，全句的意思是：旅游者半夜里经过了港口。
当“葡萄酒”讲时，句子的意思是：旅游者半夜里传葡萄酒。
若没有上下文的提示，我们很难判断作者到底想指什么。
（二）因词义变化而引起的歧义因为词是反映客观事物和现象的，客观世界在不断地变化发展，因此词义也随着社会和自然界的发展而变化。
有些词，旧义消失了，产生了新义；有些词，新旧义并存；有些词，在一定的上下文中产生了词义的转移，以上情况都可能引起句子的歧义。
例如：Please give me a camel.“camel”原意是“骆驼”，可在本句中，其意义发生了“转移”，指“一支‘骆驼牌’香烟”。
（三）因英国英语与美国英语的不同用法而引起的歧义这种情况并非少数。
如：Tom, my neighbor, is an engineer.句中，engineer有歧义。
在美国英语中，engineer有“工程师”和“火车司机”两个意思词汇，而在英国英语中，engineer 仅有“工程师”一个意思。