考研英语阅读翻译1
历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we k now they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
考研英语一翻译真题2023
考研英语一翻译真题2023考研英语一翻译真题2023词汇是英语学习的门槛，发觉身边许多同学之所以对英语不感爱好或者说是惧怕，就是由于起初词汇学习和背单词这块没有把握系统科学的学习方法，下文是我为你细心编辑整理的考研英语一翻译真题，期望对你有所帮忙，更多内容，请点击相关栏目查看，感谢!考研英语一翻译真题1Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama wasa form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50)To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire workhas survived.考研英语一翻译真题2Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration-one the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas,customs and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. (48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembledEuropean society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.(49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th-and-16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six-to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden. Thecolonists first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods.(50)The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.考研英语一翻译真题3Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate theunderlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak os various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression.One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the foemer becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce from into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In s o doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand.Another urge or need that these gardens appear to respond to, or to arise from is so intrinsic that we are barely ever conscious of its abiding claims on us. When we are deprived ofgreen, of plants, of trees, (49)most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic. In most of the homeless gardens of New York City the actual cultivation of plants is unfeasible, yet even so the compositions often seem to represent attempts to call arrangement of materials, an institution of colors, small pool of water, and a frequent presence of petals or leaves as well as of stuffed animals. On display here are various fantasy elements whose reference, at some basic level, seems to be the natural world. (50)It is this implicit or explicit reference to nature that fully justifies the use of word garden though in a “liberated” sense, to describe these synthetic constructions. In them we can see biophilia- a yearning for contact with nonhuman life-assuming uncanny representational forms.考研英语一翻译真题4Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely andexclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His co mpositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of theindividual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.考研英语一文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
(完整版)考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译-1
英语二Text 11—-—Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents， but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country， most recently Los Angeles Unified， are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual（例行公事）。
Unfortunately， L。
A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的） policy which mandates(批准） that with the exception of some advanced courses， homework may no longer count for more than 10％of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
［A] is receiving more criticism［B］ is no longer an educational ritual(绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses(正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2—-—This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly， no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment。
1991考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1991 Text 1Paragraph 11、A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. 一位智者曾说过，邪恶的胜利就是善良之人无所作为。
所以，所为一名警察，我有一些话急需告诉善良的人们。
1.1 triumph英/'traɪʌmf/ 美/ˈtraɪəmf/n. 胜利，凯旋；欢欣vi. 获得胜利，成功1.2 officer英/'ɒfɪsə/ 美/'ɔfɪsɚ/n. 军官，警官；公务员，政府官员；船长vt. 指挥Paragraph 21、Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability. 日复一日，我和我的同事尽力控制犯罪的蔓延。
我们曾经引以为荣的美国生活方式出现了可怕的问题。
这个问题出在我们的价值观方面。
一个关键的成分正在消失，我想，我知道它是什么——责任感。
1.1 hold back英/'həuldbæk/ 美/'həuldbæk/隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止1.2 tidal英/'taɪd(ə)l/ 美/'taɪdl/adj. 潮汐的；潮的，有关潮水的；定时涨落的1.3 ingredient英/ɪn'griːdɪənt/ 美/ɪn'ɡridɪənt/n. 原料；要素；组成部分1.4 accountability英/ə,kaʊntə'bɪlɪtɪ/ 美/ə,kaʊntə'bɪləti/n. 有义务；有责任；可说明性Paragraph 31、Accountability isn`t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. 责任感不难定义。
考研英语一阅读真题全文翻译及答案
2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版）2011-01-1621-25 CBDBA26-30 BDCAC31-35 DCBAA36-40 CDADB41-45 BDACFSection IIReading ComprehensionPart A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], , [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。
2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。
退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。
如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。
考研英语二阅读理解全文翻译
英语二T e x t 11---Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising(修改) their thinking on his educational ritual(例行公事). Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible (不可变更的) policy which mandates(批准) that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student’s academic grade。
家庭作业从来就没有受到学生甚至家长的真正欢迎，但最近几年来，家庭作业却受到人们的鄙视。
全国的学校都在修改家庭作业的相关惯例做法。
不幸的是，洛杉矶学区通过了一项不可变更的政策：除了高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不可以超过10%。
21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____。
[A] is receiving more criticism[B] is no longer an educational ritual（绝对）[C] is not required for advanced courses（正反）[D] is gaining more preferences（正反）2---This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children。
最新考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
1997考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
1997考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译1997 Text 1Paragraph 11、It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken.（凌晨3：45终于进行了投票）1.1 take the vote=take votes投票vote for投票支持……tote against投票反对……vote for independence 投票支持独立rules and regulations 规矩,规章制度2、After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. （经过6个月争论和最后16个小时的国会激烈辩论,澳大利亚北部地区（澳北州）成为世界上第一个允许医生根据绝症病人个人意愿来结束其生命的合法当局.）2.1 self-restraint自我约束territory ['ter?t(?)r?] 领土,领域；范围district区域；地方；行政区2.2 authority权威；权力；当局assumption/assume假设The Greeks assume that 希腊人认为……2.3 be to=be going to=be about to（将）要做某事incurably 难以治愈的terminal 终端的,期末的2.4 patient患者,病人1）the incurably ill patients绝症患者2）the terminally ill patients晚期患者3）the late stage patients 晚期患者stage阶段,舞台on and off stage舞台上下primary stage初期late stage晚期2.5安乐死euthanasia [,ju?θ?'ne?z??]=physician-assisted suicide=doctors take the lives of the incurably ill patients who wish to die2.6 Europe欧洲euro 欧元euro zone欧元区EU(European Union)欧盟2.7 physician医生physical身体的Physical Education 体育assist帮助suicide 自杀2.8 argue 主张,认为,争论,争吵debate辩论2.9 议会congress（美）国会National People's Congress全国人民代表大会parliament ['pɑ?l?m(?)nt]（英/澳大利亚）议会,国会assembly国会,装配,集会,集合assemble聚集3、The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET.（这一法案是以令人信服的15票对10票通过.几乎同时,该消息就出现在互联网上.身处地球另一端的加拿大死亡权利执行主席约翰·霍夫塞斯在收到该消息后便通过协会的在线服务死亡之网发了公告.）3.1 measure（上下文推断=law=bill法案）take effective measure to do sth.3.2 by the convincing vote of 15 to 103.3 举例子 A convincing illustration occurring to me goes to ＋人名（anacquaintance of mine）,who……我能想到的一个有说服力的例子是……3.4 occur to sb.某人想起be convince that相信,确信3.5Almost immediately几乎顷刻之间word（引申为消息）Word came that the Chinese team won the match.3.6A novel idea flashed through his mind.novel小说,新颖的pick up the wallet=purse钱包3.7 half a world away世界的另一端executive执行的,执行官CEO首席执行官(Chief Executive Officer) exe. 可执行程序的扩展名direction方向,指导in the direction of 朝着……的方向director导演,主任（行政）dean系主任3.8the Right to Die Society死亡权利协会clubs and society社团和协会Red Cross Society红十字会Cross十字架,跨越crossing十字路口right权利（法律上）rights and obligations权利和义务the right to appeal to the higher court向更高法院申诉3.9 via通过,经由fly to Taipei via HK经由香港飞往台北municipal government 市政府4、Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history.（他说：我们整天都在发布公告,因为这件事的意义不在于它是在澳大利亚发生的事情,而是因为这是世界历史的一件大事.）4.1 post bulletins发公告post张贴poster海报paste浆糊,膏状物,黏贴toothpaste牙膏China Post中国邮政post office邮局bulletin公告4.2 of courseParagraph 21、The full import may take a while to sink in. （这件事情的全部意义可能需要一段时间）1.1 important=significance=import重要意义It takes two or three years to get a master's degree.攻读硕士学位需要两三年.2、The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. （澳北州晚期病人权利法使得无论是内科医生还是普通市民都同样地力图从道义和实际意义两方面来对待这一问题）2.1 leave sb. 是某人处于……的境地moral道德implication意义,含义imply暗含,意味2.2 citizens alike民众alike之流的人们physicians and citizens alike医生和市民之类的人们3、Some have breathed sighs of relief；others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage.（一些人如释重负,另一些人,包括教会,生命权利组织以及澳大利亚医学会成员都对这一决议及其仓促的通过进行了猛烈的抨击）3.1 breathe sighs [saiz] of relief松了口气breath呼吸（名词）breathe呼吸（动词）sigh叹息sign v.签字,n.迹象,符号A heavy snow is a good sign for a harvest year.瑞雪兆丰年snowstorm暴风雪rainstorm暴风雨relieve 减轻,缓解（动词）relief 减轻,缓解（名词）relieve the burden of pupils 减轻学生的负担relieve the pains and sufferings of the incurably ill patient.3.2to ones relief/anxiety/disappointment,＋句子令某人感到轻松/焦虑/失望的是……3.3 attack抨击,进攻ignorance无知ignore忽略church教会3.4 bill n.法案；广告；账单；[金融] 票据；钞票；清单,vt. 宣布；开账单；用海报宣传3.5 More haste, less speed.=Haste makes waste.欲速则不达proverb谚语,格言3.6 pass通过passage一段（文章）；走廊；通路,通过3.7 association协会CFA（Chinese Football Association）中国足球协会clubs and societies社团和协会4、But the tide is unlikely to turn back. （但这一潮流已无法逆转）4.1 tide潮流,趋势,潮汐follow the tide追随潮流likely=possible 可能的5、In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.（在澳大利亚,人口老龄化,延长寿命技术和公众态度的变化都发挥着各自的作用.其他州也将考虑制定类似的法律来处理安乐死问题）5.1 consider doing sth. 认真考虑……6、In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movementis gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling.（在美国和加拿大,死亡权利运动正在积蓄力量.观察家们正在等待多米诺骨牌产生的效应）Paragraph 31、Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death—probably by a deadly injection or pill—to put an end to suffering. （根据澳北州所通过的这项新法案,成年病人可以要求安乐死-可能是通过注射致死药剂或服用致死药片来结束痛苦）1.1 the effect taking process生效过程take effect= come into effect生效side-effect副作用1.2 share分享,共同的. We share one world；We share one dream. 同一个世界,同一个梦想.1.3 chief 主要地,首要的CEO 首席执行官；执行总裁（chief executive officer）1.4 adult成年人youngster年轻人Effective measures should be encouraged to put an end to such an upsetting phenomenon/trend/tide.我们应该积极行动起来,采取有效措施来使这种现象不再发生.1.5 letter of request求助信letter of inquiry咨询信letter of complaint投诉信2、The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. （但此前病人必须由两名医生诊断其确实已病入膏肓,然后再经过7天的冷静思考期,方可签署一份申请证明）2.1 diagnose诊断（动词）diagnosis诊断（名词）dialogue对话2.2 certificate craze考证热3、After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. （48小时后,才可以满足其安乐死的愿望）3.1 meet the wish=meet one's wish（requirement/need/demand）满足某人的愿望4、For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident （who is）suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition.（对于居住于达尔文现年54岁的肺癌患者利奥德·尼克森来说,这个法律意味着他可以平静地生活下去而无须整天惧怕即将来临的苦难：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中痛苦地死去）4.1calm平静be characteristic of ……所特有的experience 经历,经验expert 专家,熟练的4.2 intense competition/fear/pain激烈的竞争/极其害怕/剧痛4.3 undergo=experience=go through经历terrible=terrifying 可怕的die from/of 死于……4.4 haunting不易忘怀的,萦绕于心头的；给人以强烈感受的4.5 resident居民5、I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says.（从思想上说,我并不害怕死,但我怕的是怎样死,因为我在医院看到过病人在缺氧时苦苦挣扎,用手抓他们的面罩时的情景）5.1 from a spiritual point of view从精神的角度5.2主语1）从句2）动名词短语3）不定式短语4）It形式主语5）名词/代词5.3 what I am afraid of is……我所害怕的是……fight for为……而抗争oxygen 氧气claw抓mask面具,口罩Hallowmas万圣节treat or trick？款待或恶作剧？5.4 I will treat you我请客5.5 oppose→opposition反对suspect→suspicion怀疑approval赞同,批准,认可在作者态度题中,以下永远不选1）indifference= indifferent=carefree不关心,不在乎,冷漠2）puzzled=confused=perplexed困惑2）biased=prejudiced=subjective有偏见的,主观的1997 Text 2Paragraph 11、A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous['k??tj?s], and helpful most Americans were to them.（去美国访问的人经常带回报告说,大多数美国人对他们友善、好客、乐于助人）1.1 visitors to the US去美国的游客technique技巧,技术；手法1.2 mental illness=mental disorder精神病mentally ill精神病患者function功能1.3 consistent policy一贯的政策consistently=always=frequently常常,一直The scientists have put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that they believe themselves.1.4 convince sb. that 使……相信I am convinced that相信court 法庭,法院,球场courteous有礼貌的；谦恭的1.5 hostile敌对的,不友好的,敌对2、To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. （公正的说,人们对加拿大人也有这样的评论,因而,应当认为这是北美普遍的现象）2.1 to be brief简言之to be frank坦诚的讲2.2 consistently=always=frequently常常,一直2.3 make observation做评论observation=comment=remark=review评论2.4 arts review文艺评论peer review同行评议pair一对,一双,一把3、There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown inthe US. （当然也有例外.在美国,心胸狭隘的官员,举止粗鲁的招待和毫无礼貌的出租车司机也并非罕见）3.1 There are, of course, exceptions.当然也有例外exceptions can be found to any rule.任何规则都有例外.3.2 Small-minded小心眼的rude粗鲁的ill-mannered不礼貌的3.3 hardly=not 否定are hardly unknown并不少见It is well-known that……4、Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.（尽管有不如意的地方,但因为人们常常得出美国人好客的观察意见,因而也就值得议论一番了）4.1 deserve值得,应该得到You deserve it.你应得的.4.2 comment=review=remark评论Paragraph 21、For a long period of time and in many parts of the country,a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. （过去很长一段时间,在美国很多地方,旅行者的到来因暂时打破原本的单调生活而受人欢迎）1.1 otherwise否则/原来,本来otherwise+句子（翻译为否则）otherwise跟名词短语（翻译为原本、本来）1.2 dull无聊的existence存在,生活dull/busy existence 无聊的/忙碌的生活2、Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. （无聊、孤独是居住相对遥远的家庭的普遍问题）2.1common共同的Xi Jinping exchanged opinions with visiting Russian President Putin on issues of common interest.习近平与来访的俄罗斯总统普京在共同关心的问题上交换意见.2.2 distant 遥远的distance距离generally通常；普遍地,一般地3、Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.（陌生人和旅行者很受欢迎,他们带来了娱乐消遣,还带来了外面世界的消息）3.1 diversion娱乐diverse多样性的Paragraph 31、The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. （边境地区的严酷生活现实也促成了这一好客的传统）1.1 shape 塑造fat脂肪/胖的frontier边界.国境,边界的1.2 harsh realities严酷的现实harsh remarks严厉的评论harsh remarks against 对……严厉的评论1.3 machine 机器mechanistic机械论的,机械学2、Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. （一个独自旅行的人,如果挨饿、受伤或生病,通常只能向最近的小屋或村落求助.）2.1 have nowhere to turn to无处求助settle down定居settlement住所settler定居者bay海湾,狗吠声3、It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. （对旅行者来说,这不是一个选择的问题；而对当地居民来说,这也并非是行善的一时冲动）3.1 merely仅仅charitable impulse慈善的冲动health impulse=Positive Energy正能量3.2 in my opinion（口语化）=on my part=on the part of me=for me我认为4、It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation.（它反映了日常生活的严酷：如果你不收留他,那他便无处求助了.请记住,有一天你也可能处于相同的境遇）Paragraph 41、Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. （如今,有了很多的慈善组织专门帮助疲惫的旅行者）1.1 weary =exhausted=tired筋疲力尽的1.2 charitable organizations慈善组织2、Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. （不过,热情接待陌生人的传统在美国仍然很盛行,尤其是在远离旅游热线的小城镇）2.1 tourist=traveler=sightseer游客sightseeing观光、旅游2.2 tourist trails 旅游线路tourist stream客流3、I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing. (我只是路过,和这个美国人聊了聊,很快,他就请我到他家吃饭-这真令人惊奇)3.1 travel through路过walk through穿越pretty soon相当快take off起飞see sb. off送行set off 出发4、Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. （来美国的旅客谈论此类事件很普遍,但并非总能得到正确理解）4.1 proper正确的,有效的,适当的5、The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.（很多美国人不经意表现的友好不应被认为是表面或虚假的应酬,而应该看成是文化传统的历史发展结果）5.1 casual 随意的the casual friendliness of many American许多美国人随意表现出的友善5.2 artificial 假的,人造的Paragraph 51、As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies allsocial interrelationships. （同任何发达国家一样,一系列复杂的文化特征,信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础）1.1 signal 信号assumption假设convention惯例,会议2、And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. （当然,会讲一种语言并不意味着就理解该语言的社会和文化模式.）3、Visitors who fail to translate cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. （不能正确诠释文化含义的旅行者往往得出错误的结论）3.1 interpret =translate翻译、解释4、For example, when an American uses the word friend, the cultural implications of the word may bequite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. （例如,美国人所说的朋友一词,其文化含义可能与旅行者语言和文化中的朋友大相径庭）4.1 cultural meanings=cultural implications文化含义5、It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. （要想正确区分礼貌是出于文化习俗还是个人兴趣,单凭一次公共汽车上的偶遇是不够的）5.1 encounter =come across偶遇、相逢6、Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.（不过,友好是很多美国人推崇的美德,同时希望邻居和陌生人也能如此）1997 Text 3Paragraph 11、Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. (从专业角度说,除食品外,任何能改变我们生理和心理机能的物质都是药物)1.1 technically从专业的角度来说/从专业技术的角度来说substance物质substantial大量的1.2drug药物drug store药店alter=change改变body身体bodily=physical身体的physician 医生mental心理的How to be mentally healthy 如何做到心理健康. Physically healthy身体健康mentally ill 心理疾病1.3 function功能alter改变shift改变2、Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. （很多人错误地认为药物这个词仅仅指某些药品或是吸毒者服用的违禁化学品）2.1 the term 这一术语sort =kind=type种类,类型chemistry化学chemical化学的2.2addict=drug addict吸毒的人,瘾君子It takes two or three generations to contract a new educational system.3、They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. （他们没有意识到诸如酒精、烟草这些我们熟悉的物质也是药物）3.1 take in excess过度服用smart phones=mobile phones=cell phones手机3.2 family家庭familiar 熟悉的,常见的,常客neutral中性的,中立的3.3 alcohol酒精tobacco烟草4、This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. （这也是现在许多内科医生和心理学家使用物质这个更加中性的词的原因）4.1 neutral['nju?tr(?)l]中性的,中立的5、The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.（他们常用物质滥用而不用药物滥用来清楚表明滥用酒精、烟草这样的物质如同滥用海洛因和可卡因一样有害）5.1 phrase短语word 单词idiom成语expression表达5.2 abuse 滥用,虐待abuse of power滥用权力abuse captives['k?ptiv]俘虏；专属公司（captive 的复数）5.3 minister牧师,部长,大臣father父亲,神父harmful=poisonous['p??z?n?s]（有毒的,有害的）Paragraph 21、We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. （我们生活在一个物质（药物）在医疗和社交方面的使用都很广泛的社会里：用来缓解头痛的阿斯匹林,用来应酬的酒,早晨用来提神的咖啡,还有定神用的香烟）1.1 substance物质medicine药物clinical临床的pervasive=prevalent=widespread普遍的,广泛的1.2 The given phenomenon is so pervasive that a great deal of attention should be paid to it.1.3 quiet安静的、使安静下来alcohol白酒beer啤酒wine葡萄酒nerve神经nervous紧张的1.4 cell phone=mobile phone=smart phone手机take some medicine and you will feel better.1.5 have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃饭take medicine吃药2、When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? （使用这些物质得到了社会认可,且显然具有积极的作用,但什么时候就变成滥用了呢）2.1 apparently=clearly=obviously=evidently=conspicuously 明显地,清楚地construct建设、建造、打造3、First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. （首先,大多数物质的过量使用都会产生负面影响,如中毒或严重的感知错乱）3.1 aspirin阿司匹林sleeping pills安眠药4、Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence.（反复使用一种物质可以导致成瘾或对该物质的依赖）4.15、Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.（依赖的最初表现是不断增长的耐药量,要产生预期的效果需要的药剂量越来越大,而一旦中断使用就会出现难受的停药症状）5.1Paragraph 31、Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances.（影响中枢神经系统、改变感知觉和行为的药物（物质）属于对神经起显著作用的物质）1.1 affect=influence=impact影响（动词）effect=influence=impact影响（名词）1.2 central nervous system中枢神经系统perceive[p?'si?v]察觉,感觉；理解；认知perception 感觉,知觉,看法,洞察力alter=change 改变1.3 alter perception, mood, and behavior [b??he?vj?]改变认知、情绪和行为1.4 commonly=generally通常,总的来说2、Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens.（它们通常分为兴奋剂、镇静剂和幻觉剂）2.1 stimulate ['st?mj?le?t]刺激supply and demand需求stimulant兴奋剂depress使压抑depressant镇静剂hallucinogen致幻剂,迷幻剂illusion幻觉2.2 GDP国内生产总值（Gross Domestic Product）2.3 other than 而不是3、Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system, whereas depressants slow it down. （兴奋剂主要起到加速或激活中枢神经系统的作用,而镇静剂则相反：减缓它的活动）3.1 activate刺激,激活,有活力host主办,主人host country主办国,东道主host city 东道主,主办城市3.2 initial 初步的,最初的His gift in the piano was initially manifested in the fact that3.3manifest=revealed=show=demonstrate=indicate=suggest显示,显现,表明4、Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception, distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. （幻觉剂主要影响人的感知,通过多种方式对感知加以扭曲或改变,其中包括产生幻觉）4.1 distort and alter扭曲和改变5、These are the substances often called psychedelic (from the Greek word meaning mind-manifestation) because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.（这些物质常被认为能引起幻觉（psychedelic一词源于希腊语,意为心灵显现）,因为它们似乎能改变人的意识状态）1997 Text 4Paragraph 11、No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. （没有一家公司乐意听到别人说自己引起了社会的道德败坏）1.1 moral decline道德衰退on the decline在衰退/走下坡路decline the invitation 婉拒邀请2、Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? （参议员罗伯特?多尔上星期质问时代华纳公司高级人员时说：难道这就是你们要成就的事业吗？你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂,难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家,威胁我们的孩子不成？）2.1 senator参议院senior高级的,辈分高的junior初级的,辈分低的2.2 executive执行官,执行的sell卖（sold,sold）soul 灵魂serve the people with heart and soul全心全意为人民服务2.3 corrupt腐蚀,腐败的threaten=endanger威胁threat威胁danger危险2.4 what I intend to accomplish（with my career）is that……我职业生涯想要完成的是……3、At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It`s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.（不过,对于成立于1990年的时代华纳公司而言,这样的质问仅仅只是公司自我反思的最新表白,是在不同时期涉及责任、创作自由和公司底线问题的自我反省）3.1 manifestation显示、表明manifest清楚的、明显的,v.显示、表明latest最近的examine检查examination考试assist帮助assistance帮助assistant助手smog 烟雾haze 阴霾fog and haze 雾霾3.2 core核心、核心的debate争论,争议、争吵a hotly debated topic一个热议的话题Paragraph 21、At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.（于1992年接替已故董事长斯蒂夫·罗斯的56岁的现任董事长杰拉德·莱文是争论的焦点人物）1.1 take over接替,接管hand over交出turn over移交the late Chinese leader已故的中国领导人2、On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company`s mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. （财政方面,他承受着抬高股价,减少公司巨额债务的压力,在两笔新的有线电视交易谈妥后,债务将达到173亿美元）2.1 frontier ['fr?nt??; fr?n't??]边界、国界,边界的、开拓的2.2 deal交易exchange交易,交换,交流cable电缆CNN美国有线电视新闻网络（Cable News Network）2.3 VOA美国之音(Voice Of America) BBC英国广播公司（British Broadcasting Corporation）3、He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.（他也答应出售部分财产并重组公司,但现在投资者们仍在焦急地等待着）3.1 property财产intellectual property知识产权；著作权private property私有财产；私有制3.2 restructure调整；重建structure结构patient有耐心的,患者the incurable ill patients绝症患者Paragraph 31、The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company`s rap music on the grounds of expression. （人们对说唱音乐的焦虑并没使他的日子变得好过.莱文一向以它是一种富于表现力的演唱方式为理由来捍卫公司的说唱音乐）1.1 ×××is not making life any easier for him某事并没有使他的日子变得好过.1.2 rap 说唱rapid迅猛的make rapid progress取得迅速的进步rock and roll摇滚乐hip-hop街舞hip臀部hop跳job-hopping跳槽job-hippers跳槽者heap一堆,堆积hip臀部1.3defend=justify捍卫,保卫、辩护monitor班长,显示器critic 批评者criticism 评论,批评arts criticism=arts review艺术评论accuse/charge起诉attack抨击1.4 consistent policy一贯政策on the grounds of基于……的理由on the grounds that＋句子以……为根据2、In 1992,when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T`s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. （1992年公司因出品Ice-T乐队狂暴的说唱歌曲《警察杀手》后备受谴责时,莱文说这是街头文化的合法表达方式,它应该有自己的宣泄途径）2.1legal=lawful=legitimate expression合法的表达deserve应该得到,值得You deserve it.你应该得到.2.2street culture街头文化outlet出口,发泄口,批发商店release [r?'li?s]发行release a song/movie发行音乐/电影2.3 bitterly attack 猛烈抨击under fire受到严厉批评；遭到攻击violent rap song 宣扬暴力的说唱歌曲2.4 violence暴力,暴乱violate ['va??le?t]违反,违犯violate the law违反法律2.5 cop=police警察copper n. 铜；铜币；警察adj. 铜制的3、The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, lies notin how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. （他在《华尔街日报》一篇专栏文章中写道：任何一个民主社会的检验不在于它能多有效地控制各种情感的表达,而在于是否给予了人们思考和表达的最广泛的自由,尽管有时这种结果会引起争论和愤怒）3.1 column专栏Wall Street Journal华尔街日报test测试,考试,检测democracy 民主democratic民主的science3.2 the Democratic Progressive Party民进党the liberal democratic party 自民党the Communist Party共产党3.3lie in 在于……longitude ['l?n(d)??tju?d; 'l??g?-]经度latitude 纬度,幅度give freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude给思想和表达自由尽可能广泛的空间3.4 however后跟有逗号,表示转折（然而,但是）. 没有逗号（无论多么,尽管）small-minded心胸狭窄的3.5 However powerful China become,it will never threaten other nation.无论中国多么强大,它永远不会威胁其他国家. threaten our nation威胁我们的国家corrupt our nation腐蚀我们的国家3.6 irritate ['?r?te?t]令人恼火的think tank智囊团disputable有讨论余地的；真假可疑的,有争议的4、We won`t retreat in the face of any threats.（我们不会在任何威胁面前退却）4.1retreat= withdraw撤退,后退threat威胁predominance [pr?'d?m?n?ns]优势,卓越achieve predominance达到辉煌the retreat from predominance从辉煌退下shrink收缩,畏缩Paragraph 41、Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month`s stockholders`meeting. （莱文不愿对上周的辩论做出评论,但有迹象表明这位董事长的强硬立场起码在一定程度上有所缓和.在上个月的股东会议上,大家就摇滚乐的歌词进行了讨论）1.1signs of recovery 复苏的迹象signs of the slowdown/slack经济放缓的迹象back off=retreat后退,撤退1.2 to some extend在某种程度上hard line stand强硬立场stockholder=shareholder股东stock=share股票1.3 stock market swings股市波动stock exchange股票交易2、Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society`s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. （莱文宣称音乐不是社会问题的病因,他甚至还以自己为例.他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师,用说唱乐的表达方式与学生进行交流）2.1 assert维护,坚持；断言；主张；声称humanity人类；人道；仁慈；2.2 cure=treatment=therapy=remedy治愈,补救cite[sa?t]引用；传讯；想起；表彰3、But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. （但他也谈到了创作自由和社会责任之间要保持平衡的问题.他还宣布公司将致力于为一些人们可能会反感的音乐制定发行和标识的标准）3.1 balance struggle between平衡……之间的斗争strive努力struggle斗争,奋斗3.2 initiate= launch发起,开始,发射launch a nationwide campaign to curb internet addiction发起全国范围的运动来控制网络成瘾launch a drive to发起一场运动,3.3 distribute分配；散布；分开；把…分类label标签distribution and labeling 发行和标识3.4 object to=oppose to反对objectionable讨厌的；会引起反对的；有异议的3.5 potential 潜在的potential customers潜在的客户potentialobjectionable music潜在的令人讨厌的音乐Paragraph 51、The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. （总的来说,时代华纳公司的15位董事是支持莱文和公司的经营策略的.）1.1 corporate strategy公司策略corporation 公司member会员,成员marketing strategy市场营销战略1.2 clubs and societies社团和协会member country会员国1.3 be supportive of=support支持in favor of=favor 支持object to=oppose to 反对2、But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited, says Luce. I think it is perhaps the case that some people （who are）associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.（但内部人士透露其中几位对此事表示担忧.我们中的一些人多年来就知道宪法第一修正案所说的自由并非毫无限制,鲁斯说,我想与公司有关系的一些人可能是最近才意识到这一点.）2.1 the First Amendment宪法第一修正案the Constitution宪法perhaps可能2.2 be associated with=be related to与…有关come to realize 认识到1997 Text 5Paragraph 11、Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as steering the economy to a soft landing or a touch on the brakes, makes itself sound like a precise science. （很多用来描述货币政策的词,如引导经济软着陆,触动经济刹车,听起来像是一门精确的科学.）1.1 Much of the language=much language许多语言many of。
考研英语阅读翻译-2008Text1
2008 Text 1在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。
纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁和紧张。
对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更多的致病化学物质。
在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。
对于女性来说，除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外，她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。
“并不是女性要处理的事情太少，而是她们有更多的事情要处理。
”Yehuda博士说道。
“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”，她观察到，“她们只是需要处理的事情太多，看起来会更容易精疲力尽。
”Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。
“我认为，女性通常要做的事是慢性的，重复的。
而男人去战场，承受的是格斗的压力。
男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。
女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。
不幸的是，她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。
这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。
Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子，但她决定完成大学学业。
“我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位，因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折，而这就是我的逃避，去学校，争取上游，做到更好。
”不久后，她离了婚变成一个单亲母亲。
“除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，养车，还债是最难的事情了。
我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单。
”不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力，但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任，很少得到喘息，从而感到了压力。
Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。
21.下面的哪一项符合文章的前两段？[A] 妇女在生理上更容易受到压力的影响。
考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2006 Text 1Paragraph 11、In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. 不管我们如何喋喋不休地谈论差别，美国社会实际上是一台同化人们的神奇的机器。
这就是民主化的着装和言谈，并且还有种随意和缺乏尊重感，这些构成了通俗文化的特性。
1.1 homogenizing英/hə'mɔdʒənaiziŋ/ 美/hə'mɔdʒənaiziŋ/n. 均质化homogenize 英/hə'mɒdʒənaɪz/ 美/ho'mɑdʒə,naɪz/vt. 使均匀；使类同vi. 变均匀democratizing民主化1.2 uniformity英/juːnɪ'fɔːmɪtɪ/ 美/,jʊnə'fɔrməti/n. 均匀性；一致；同样2、People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. 人们被一种消费文化所吸引了，这种文化是由十九世纪在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品的百货商店所开始的.2.1elegant英/'elɪg(ə)nt/ 美/'ɛləgənt/adj. 高雅的，优雅的；讲究的；简炼的；简洁的3、Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and demo cratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. 不是为了迎合有知识的精英们而开设的专门商店，而是创建了“不分阶层和背景人人都可以进入”的大众商店。
考研英语历年阅读真题翻译
考研英语历年阅读真题翻译近年来，考研英语试卷中的阅读理解部分一直是考生们备战过程中的重点和难点。
历年来的真题不仅是考生们检验自己英语能力的有力材料，同时也是他们在备考过程中不可或缺的练习资源。
本文将通过对历年考研英语阅读理解真题的翻译和分析，帮助考生更好地应对考试。
第一篇阅读文章是关于环境保护的，题目为“Protecting the Environment”。
文章主要讲述了人们在环境问题上应该采取的行动。
翻译：题目：保护环境人们对环境问题的关注不断增加，人们认识到需要采取紧急行动来保护我们的地球。
许多人已经意识到环境问题的严重性，他们开始采取各种措施来减少环境污染。
首先，我们应该节约能源。
通过使用节能灯和关闭不需要使用的电器，我们可以降低能源消耗。
此外，我们还应该鼓励使用可再生能源，如太阳能和风能。
其次，减少车辆的使用也是保护环境的重要举措。
随着汽车数量的不断增加，尾气排放和交通拥堵等问题日益严重。
因此，我们应该鼓励人们使用公共交通工具和步行或骑自行车代替短途驾车。
此外，人们还应该注意环境保护的意识。
我们应该减少对一次性使用的塑料制品的依赖，如塑料袋和塑料瓶。
取而代之的是，使用环保材料和可回收的包装。
最后，教育对于环境保护同样重要。
学校和社区应该加强环保教育，让人们意识到环境问题的紧迫性和重要性。
只有通过教育，我们才能真正改变人们的行为习惯，实现可持续发展。
总之，保护环境是每个人的责任。
通过采取上述措施，我们可以共同努力，创造一个更美好的环境。
每个人都应该行动起来，为保护地球贡献自己的一份力量。
第二篇阅读文章是关于人工智能的，题目为“Artificial Intelligence”。
文章主要探讨了人工智能的发展和应用。
翻译：题目：人工智能随着科技的进步，人工智能在各个领域的应用日益普遍。
人工智能是一种模拟人类智能的技术，能够执行各种复杂任务。
首先，人工智能在医疗领域的应用已经取得了显著的成果。
通过分析大量的医学数据和病例，人工智能可以辅助医生进行诊断和治疗。
历年考研英语一阅读真题翻译(2004-2014年)
2014年考研英语阅读真题Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Osbome,Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?为了“让生活变得更美好”以及减少“依赖”，英国财政大臣乔治•奥斯本引入了“求职预付金”计划。
只有当失业者带着简历到就业中心，注册在线求职并开始找工作，才有资格获得补助金——然后他们应该每周而非每两周报告一次。
有什么比这更合理呢？More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.”he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.更加明显的合理性如下。
2000-2001年英语历年考研真题阅读翻译
2001 Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrate d into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveal s not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represent ed worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of referee ing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, where as the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delay ed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckon ed as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.专业化可被视为针对科学知识不断膨胀这个问题所做出的反应。
2021年考研英语1partB原文及翻译
In the movies and on television, artificial intelligence(AI) is typically depicted as something sinister that will upend our way of life. When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions?depict v.描绘;描画;描写;描述;刻画sinister adj.不祥的;险恶的;邪恶的;有凶兆的upend vt.倒立;倒放;翻倒;使颠倒Impending adj.迫在眉睫的;即将发生的v.(事件,危险等)逼近;即将临头;吊(在上头)在电影和电视剧中，人工智能总是被刻画成能够颠覆我们生活方式的不祥之物。
当AI应用到商业领域时，我们经常会听到它与自动化、即将到来的失业相联系，但AI是在哪些方面改变公司甚至是更大的经济体不被卷入厄运且黑暗的大规模失业预测呢？A recent survey of manufacturing and service industries from Tata Consultancy Services found that companies currently use AI more often in computer-to-computer activities than in automating human activities. One common application? Preventing electronic security breaches, which, rather than eliminating IT jobs, actually makes those personnel more valuable to employers, because they help firms prevent hacking attempts.breaches n.(对法规等的)违背，违犯;破坏;辜负;(关系的)中断，终止v.违反;违背;在…上打开缺口最近塔塔咨询服务公司的一份制造业与服务业调查发现，现如今，比起自动化人工活动，公司使用AI更多的是用于计算机对计算机的活动。
2023英一阅读译文
2023英一阅读译文
2023年英语一阅读理解原文及译文如下：
原文：
It is an important time for people to have a sense of belonging, which can be fostered by the “tribe” they identify with. The more a person identifies with a group, the more likely they are to develop a sense of belonging. However, people can also have a sense of belonging without belonging to any group. This is because human beings are social creatures who need to connect with others. They need to feel like they belong somewhere, and this need for connection is often fulfilled through groups.
译文：
对于人们来说，拥有归属感是很重要的，而他们所认同的“部落”可以培养这种归属感。
一个人越认同某个群体，就越有可能发展出归属感。
然而，即使不属于任何群体，人们也可以拥有归属感。
这是因为人类是社会生物，需
要与他人建立联系。
他们需要觉得自己属于某个地方，而这种联系的需求往往通过群体来满足。
考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
2008 Text 1Paragraph 11、While still catching up to men in some sphere s of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. 尽管女性在现代生活的某些领域一直未能超过男性，但在至少一个不那么受欢迎的领域，女性似乎走在了男性的前面。
1.1 sphere英/sfɪə/ 美/sfɪr/n. 范围；球体adj. 球体的vt. 包围；放入球内；使…成球形1.2 appear to be好像是；仿佛 1.3 undesirable英/ʌndɪ'zaɪərəb(ə)l/ 美/,ʌndɪ'zaɪərəbl/n. 不良分子；不受欢迎的人adj. 不良的；不受欢迎的；不合需要的1.4 category英/'kætɪg(ə)rɪ/ 美/'kætəɡɔri/n. 种类，分类；[数] 范畴2、“Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York`s Veteran`s Administration Hospital. 在纽约退伍军人管理医院工作的首席精神病学家叶沪德博士说，"与男性相比，女性面对压力时特别容易发展成抑郁或焦虑性障碍。
"2.1 susceptible英/sə'septɪb(ə)l/ 美/sə'sɛptəbl/n. 易得病的人adj. 易受影响的；易感动的；容许…的2.2 depression英/dɪ'preʃ(ə)n/ 美/dɪ'prɛʃən/n. 沮丧；忧愁；抑郁症；洼地；不景气；低气压区2.3 disorders英美/dɪs'ɔrdɚ/n. 无秩序，混乱；小病（disorder的复数形式）v. [电子] 扰乱（disorder 的单三形式）anxiety disorders焦虑症；焦虑性障碍2.4 psychiatrist英/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/ 美/saɪ'kaɪətrɪst/n. 精神病学家，精神病医生2.5 veteran英/'vet(ə)r(ə)n/美/'vɛtərən/n. 老兵;老手;富有经验的人；老运动员adj. 经验丰富的；老兵的2.6 administration英/ədmɪnɪ'streɪʃ(ə)n/ 美/əd,mɪnɪ'streʃən/n. 管理；行政；实施；行政机构Paragraph 21、Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormone s somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. 对人类和动物的研究都表明性激素在某种程度上影响对压力的反应，在同样状况下，处于压力状态下的女性比男性产生更多的触发器化学物质。
考研英语一阅读翻译完整版
考研英语一阅读翻译集团标准化办公室：[VV986T-J682P28-JP266L8-68PNN]T e x t1为了“让生活更美好”，减少“家庭的扶养”，英国财政部大臣GeorgeOsborn，提出了“为找工作提前支付工资”的计划。
只要到计算机化的就业服务中心找工作的人有VC--网上找工作的注册书，并且开始找工作，那么他们有资格得到福利，然后他们应该每周做一次报告而不是每两周。
还有什么能比这个更合理？下面是更明显的合理性。
下来找工作者将会有七天对津贴的等待。
“最初的这些天应该用来找工作，而不是找注册地。
”他还宣称“我们做这些是因为我们这会帮助那些没有福利的人并且让那些已经有福利的人更快地得到工作。
”帮助真的吗第一次听到这时，这就是一个关注社会的官员——努力想让生活更美好，和一个对于新待业人员能很容易找到工作的宽松社会的“改革”，以及对懒惰的补贴。
我们后来知道给他动力的是他对“基础公平”的热情——保护纳税人，控制支出，以及保证那些最需要的要求者得到他们的福利。
失去工作是让人伤心的：你不可能心里唱着歌跳着去就业服务中心，有着从一般状态翻番自己收入的愿景，并对此感到高兴。
失业是金融的恐怖，心理的尴尬，你知道得到的支持是最小的并且是非常难得到的。
你现在是不被需要的；为你的生活提供目标和组织体系的工作环境已经把你排除在外了。
更糟糕的是，养活你自己和家人以及各种生活基本支出的经济来源断掉了。
对于最需要什么这个问题，那些新的失业者的答案总是两个字：工作。
但是在奥斯博岛，你的第一本能反应是被扶养——如果你能做到，那么是永久的扶养，被一个不得不放纵你的错误的国家支持。
这就像过去的20年——关于找工作更艰难的改革，并且没有福利管理体系。
现在英国的福利体系原则不再是确保人们可以躲避失业的风险并且能在这种灾难发生时收到无条件的补偿。
即使这个1996年产生的短语“待业者的津贴”是将失业者重新定义为“待业者”，意思是对已经通过为国家保险做贡献得到的福利不在有委托管理权。
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ase to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known, is “a very big deal,” says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of Law. It “has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.”现在，该国最高专利法院似乎完全准备好要缩减商业方法专利，因为商业方法专利自从十年前第一次批准授予以来一直有争议。
在一项使得知识产权律师们议论纷纷的提议中，美国联邦巡回上诉法院声称它将利用某个具体案件来对商业方法专利进行广泛的复审。
密苏里大学法学院Dennis D. Crouch说，“正如人们所知道的那样，Bilski案例是一件非常大的事情”它可能将消除整个专利类别”。
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, more established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.对于商业方法诉求的限制是个戏剧性的彻底变化，因为正是联邦巡回法院自己引进了这种专利。
那是在1998年，对于所谓的美国道富银行的案件中，联邦巡回法院做出了判决，批准了筹集共同基金资产的方法具有专利权。
这一裁决使得商业方法专利文件以几何数级增加，起初只是一些注：to the punch的英文解释为to the first blow or to decisive action ― usually used with beat所以这里翻译为“先下手为强”或“抢占先机”。
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of th ree, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.前面提到的Bilski案例涉及到一份已申请的方法专利，即关于能源市场的风险规避方The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example, the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are “reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court,” says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.联邦巡回法院的这一裁决效仿了最高法院。
最高法院最近做出了一系列的判决，缩小了专利持有者的受保范围。
例如，去年四月，法官们认定太多的专利授予了一些显而易见的“发明”。
乔治华盛顿大学法律学院的专利法律师Harold C. Wegner教授表示，“联邦巡回法院的法官The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-sounding but largely untested theory called the “two-step flow of communication”: Information flows from the mediato the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those select people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever itis before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends.人们之所以认为影响者很重要，是因为受到了“两级传播”理论的影响，即信息先从媒体流向影响者，然后再从影响者流向其他人。
这一理论看似合理，但未经验证。
营销人员接受两级传播理论是因为该理论认为，如果他们能够找到影响者，并对他们施加影响，这些精英们就会替他们完成大部分的营销传播工作。
这一理论似乎还可以解释某些装扮、品牌或社区为何ervation about social influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey —— whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence ——even the most influential members of a population simply don’t interact with that many others.Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example, the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people.研究者的观点源于对社会影响力的简单观察：除了少数像Oprah Winfrey 这样的名人之外（她强大的人气影响力主要来自媒体影响力，而非她与观众互动的人际影响力），即使人群中最有影响力的人也无法与那么多的“其他人”互动，从而引领潮流。