欧洲文化入门课件
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欧洲文化入门--启蒙时代 ppt课件
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Declaration of the Rights of Man
Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; All citizens, being equal in the eyes of law….. The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of the most precious of the rights of man…..
(3). The change from
manufacturing in the home to
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The Bill of Rights
The king should not make the law. The king should not collect taxes. The king should not keep army. Roman Catholic or anyone marrying a Roman Catholic shouldn’t become the king.
自由是指有权实施一切无害于他人的行 为。 在法律的面前，所有的公民都是平等的 。 自由交流思想和意见是人类最宝贵的权 利之一。
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The Industrial Revolution 工业革命
Marked by the following developments”
欧洲文化入门（六）
The Age of Enlightenment (启蒙时代)
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English Revolution
欧洲文化入门中文版课件
第一章希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。
我们先看希腊的发展。
希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。
希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。
公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。
希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。
这段历史的重要大事有：1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。
荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。
这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。
荷马生活在公元前700年。
2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。
其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。
雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。
雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。
历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。
3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。
战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。
修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。
4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。
公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。
至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。
古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。
哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。
苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。
柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。
亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。
(欧洲文化)PPT课件
（宗教精神）：宗教在人们的文化心理上，同时也是在西 方社会的整个文化价值体系中，起到了这样一些作用：一 是精神的寄托与安慰。人在来自自然与社会的生存压力下， 在异化的生存条件下，以此进行自我调节，缓解心理压力， 求得心理平衡。二是宗教的原罪与忏悔的观念，对上帝的 敬畏，使人对自己的行为进行自觉的自我约束规范，这与 法制制约恰好形成互补，有利于社会的稳定平衡。三是如 马克斯·韦伯在《新教伦理与资本主义精神》中所认为的， 新教伦理一方面适度肯定人的世俗生活享受和谋利行为， 以及追求财富的权力，使人具有创造财富的动力；另一方 面则又倡导敬业、勤勉、节俭精神，提倡理性的禁欲主义， 反对放纵享乐的恶行，则有利于积累资本发展生产，因此 宗教在资本主义发展中起过重要作用。 从总体上看，西 方文化在天人二分的哲学观念和分析思维的基础上，历来 是追求科学精神与人文精神的并行发展，从而形成了自身 特有的文化精神及其传统。
欧洲文化概况
姚素馨
联系方式: 62557090
主要内容
东西方文化的差异 西方文化的渊源 古希腊罗马文化对西方文化的影响 中世纪宗教文化 文艺复兴 近代资本主义文化
近代欧洲
学习欧洲文化的意义
认识世界、走向世界的最佳途径，就是学习其他 民族的文化与历史，借鉴他人所长，弥补自己所 短。
四、西方文化的宗教精神
西方文化传统中的一个重要方面和组成部分是宗教文化， 其中主要是基督教文化。历史上它曾占据过重要的社会 地位（如中世纪），后来西方的科学与民主精神不断发 展，但西方人仍然没有抛弃宗教，据有关资料显示现今 西方仍有35%的人信仰基督教，并仍呈蔓延之势。可以 说，在西方文化中，宗教文化不只是一种独立的文化形 态，同时它的精神也渗透到了整个西方文化之中。 过 去我们说宗教是麻醉和毒害人民的鸦片，这在人民革命 时代确实如此。但是从整个西方社会和文化的发展来看， 宗教为何盛行不衰？它有什么作用？确实值得研究。 西方宗教的产生和流行，我想还是与西方的整个文化传 统和思维方式有关。
欧洲文化入门--中世纪 ppt课件
Important effect on the future both the East and West.
Greatly influenced the history of Europe
Feudal lords out, kings at home strengthen themselves→help to break down feudalism→ rise of the monarchies.
Pope （罗马教皇）
↓
Archbishops (大主教）
↓
Bishop （主教）
↓
Priests （神甫）
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The Roman Catholic Church & Eastern Orthodox Church
(1054)
The Roman Catholic Church
（罗马天主教）
Wisdom (the Son) 圣子
Love (the Holy Spirit) 圣灵
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a. The Organization of Church
The Catholic Church was a highly centralized
and disciplined international organization.
1. Feudalism: a system of land-holding, a
word derived from Latin “feudum”, a grant of land：封建土地所有制
a. Growth of Feudalism b. The Manor
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欧洲文化入门 ppt课件
It was the morning那天早晨
It was the morning of that blessed day, 那一天，太阳也为哀悼上帝变得阴晦 Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare 我不曾抵抗就做了俘虏， For the Lord's agony, that, unaware, 因为，夫人，您那美丽的眼睛射出的无形视线 I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway 将我捆缚起来，如同囚犯一般。 Of your swift eyes; that seemed no time to stay 当时我没有意识到预防爱神的纠缠， The strokes of love: I stepped into the snare 依然若无其事、自信地迈步向前…… Secure, with no suspicion: then and there 殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦 I found my cue in man's most tragic play. 已经伴随着人间之痛一起涌起波涟。 Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf, 在爱神面前我毫无防范， The entrance for his ambush and surprise 从眼睛到心灵全都门扉大开， Against the heart wide open through the eyes, 双眼变成热泪流淌的通道和源泉。 The constant gate and fountain of my grief 但我以为，此情此景之下 How craven so to strike me so, 用箭射中我并不是什么荣耀， Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!因为对您，一个有防范的人，它从不会放箭。
It was the morning of that blessed day, 那一天，太阳也为哀悼上帝变得阴晦 Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare 我不曾抵抗就做了俘虏， For the Lord's agony, that, unaware, 因为，夫人，您那美丽的眼睛射出的无形视线 I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway 将我捆缚起来，如同囚犯一般。 Of your swift eyes; that seemed no time to stay 当时我没有意识到预防爱神的纠缠， The strokes of love: I stepped into the snare 依然若无其事、自信地迈步向前…… Secure, with no suspicion: then and there 殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦 I found my cue in man's most tragic play. 已经伴随着人间之痛一起涌起波涟。 Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf, 在爱神面前我毫无防范， The entrance for his ambush and surprise 从眼睛到心灵全都门扉大开， Against the heart wide open through the eyes, 双眼变成热泪流淌的通道和源泉。 The constant gate and fountain of my grief 但我以为，此情此景之下 How craven so to strike me so, 用箭射中我并不是什么荣耀， Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!因为对您，一个有防范的人，它从不会放箭。
欧洲文化入门ppt
id
The Gattamelata Equestrian Statue 格太梅拉达骑马像
Renaissance
• Giorgione乔尔乔内
(use of colour schemes配色)
Sleeping Venus
Tempesta：a group of pictures(scene before, in and after the storm)
Renaissance
(around1300-1650)
Renaissance
•我是人，人所具有的我无不具有。 —— 拉丁诗人 特伦斯（2 B.C.） •Renaissance(humanism) & CounterReformation 宗教改革→against the Middle Ages •The second half of the 15th century: modern time of the West(1492 for America) •The rise of Capitalism
Medieval architecture
• Between the time of Roman Architecture (30BC-300 AD) and the rebirth of Rome as the center of architecture during the Renaissance( 1400-1600), there were 4 overlapping, but distinctive periods of architecture: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic .The common belief in Christianity created an architectural and social unifying force. The great monuments of this period were all designed for the greater glorification of the Christian God.
The Gattamelata Equestrian Statue 格太梅拉达骑马像
Renaissance
• Giorgione乔尔乔内
(use of colour schemes配色)
Sleeping Venus
Tempesta：a group of pictures(scene before, in and after the storm)
Renaissance
(around1300-1650)
Renaissance
•我是人，人所具有的我无不具有。 —— 拉丁诗人 特伦斯（2 B.C.） •Renaissance(humanism) & CounterReformation 宗教改革→against the Middle Ages •The second half of the 15th century: modern time of the West(1492 for America) •The rise of Capitalism
Medieval architecture
• Between the time of Roman Architecture (30BC-300 AD) and the rebirth of Rome as the center of architecture during the Renaissance( 1400-1600), there were 4 overlapping, but distinctive periods of architecture: Early Christian, Byzantine, Romanesque and Gothic .The common belief in Christianity created an architectural and social unifying force. The great monuments of this period were all designed for the greater glorification of the Christian God.
欧洲文化入门--启蒙时代 ppt课件
(3). The change from
manufacturing in the home to
the factory system
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II French Philosophy and Literature
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The most important forerunners :
Montesquieu孟德斯鸠 Voltaire：伏尔泰 Rousseau 卢梭 Died rot 狄德罗
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English Revolution
Enclosure movement Puritan movement Civil War – 1642 Cromwell as Protector – 1649 Restoration of Stuart – 1660 Glorious Revolution – 1688 The Bill of Rights – 1689
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Alexander Pope蒲柏
Why has not man a microscopic eye? For this plain reason, man is not a fly! 人为什么不长显微镜般的眼睛? 理由很简单：人不是苍蝇。 Whatever is, is right. 凡存在，皆合理。 To err is human, to forgive, divine. 人孰无过，恕过者神。
Letters on the Blind 《盲人书简》
Elements of Physiology 《自然解释断想》
Rameau’s Nephew 《拉摩的侄儿》
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Diderot狄德罗
欧洲文化入门中文版课件
第一章希腊罗马文化希腊罗马文化可以说是欧洲文明的起源，所以这一章节应该是比较重要的章节。
我们先看希腊的发展。
希腊文明分为几个时期，她形成于公元前800－500年，经历了古典时代（也就是公元前500到公元前336年）和希腊化时代（也就是公元前336年到公元前31年）。
希腊文明达到顶峰是公元前5世纪。
公元前146年，希腊被罗马攻克。
希腊文明也就被罗马文明所取代。
这段历史的重要大事有：1、公元前12世纪，随着特洛伊人的入侵，希腊堕入“黑暗时代”。
荷马史诗描述的正是希腊人与特洛伊人之间的战争（《以利亚特》和《奥得赛》）。
这里要注意的是，荷马史诗描述的时代并非荷马生活的时代。
荷马生活在公元前700年。
2、公元前6世纪，希腊世界开始有了全面改变，为后来的古典时代打开了通途。
其中两个重要的城邦国家是雅典和斯巴达。
雅典发展起一个完全不同类型的社会，公元前594年，梭伦成为雅典的首席执行官，他的贡献在于，在组织上为以后建立著名的雅典民主奠定了基础。
雅典之所以在当时拥有卓越的地位，是因为它在打败庞大的波斯帝国这场重大战争中起了最主要的作用。
历史之父希罗多德在他的历史书中进行了详尽的描述。
3、由于雅典的不断扩张引起了斯巴达的恐慌，因而在公元前431年爆发了伯罗奔尼撒战争。
战争最终以雅典的失败而告终。
修昔底得这位历史上最伟大的历史学家在其作品中，详尽描写了这一战争。
4、伯罗奔尼撒战争后，斯巴达专横跋扈，底比斯和雅典为求相互保护而结成新的联盟。
公元前371年，马其顿国王腓力二世打败了底比斯和雅典联军，他的闻名世界的儿子亚历山大大帝统治了希腊。
至此，古典时代结束，希腊化时代即将开始。
古典时代的希腊造就了一批哲学家和剧作家。
哲学家主要以苏格拉底、柏拉图和亚里士多德为代表。
苏格拉底提出自由辩论的重要性。
柏拉图的目标是要实现一个既能维持贵族特权，又可为贫苦阶级接受的社会，并构件了唯心主义的根基。
亚力士多德寻求自然界和人类社会各个方面的秩序。
欧洲文化入门第一章PPT课件
11 plays: Frogs, Clouds, Wasps, Birds
Loose plot, satirical tone, clever parody, acute criticism, contemporary events, coarse language
18
6. History--Herodotus
important lyric poet of ancient Greece Pindar--Greek lyric poet 品达
Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, Pindar is the one whose work is best preserved, and some critics since antiquity have regarded him as the greatest.
Almost exclusively known for writing The Histories, a record of his 'inquiries' into the origins of the GrecoPersian 《历史》 Wars which occurred in 490 and 479 B. C.
The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars—Herodotus and Thucydides
希罗多德(484-430 B.C.), Ancient Greek historian, “Father of History” 古希腊历史学家，“历史之父”
see these great works incorporated into
Loose plot, satirical tone, clever parody, acute criticism, contemporary events, coarse language
18
6. History--Herodotus
important lyric poet of ancient Greece Pindar--Greek lyric poet 品达
Of the canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, Pindar is the one whose work is best preserved, and some critics since antiquity have regarded him as the greatest.
Almost exclusively known for writing The Histories, a record of his 'inquiries' into the origins of the GrecoPersian 《历史》 Wars which occurred in 490 and 479 B. C.
The Greek historical writing writes mainly about wars—Herodotus and Thucydides
希罗多德(484-430 B.C.), Ancient Greek historian, “Father of History” 古希腊历史学家，“历史之父”
see these great works incorporated into
欧洲文化入门 PPT
Works: Dead Souls死魂灵
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev 屠格涅夫(1818-1883)
Turgenev was the first Russion author to gain recognition in the West.
Works: A Hunter’s Sketches
Charterhouse of Parma)巴马修道院
Honore de Balzac 巴尔扎克 (1799-1850)
Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”.
Works: La Comedie Humaine
( the Human Comedy)人间喜剧, Eugenie Grandet欧也妮·葛朗台,
Background
The Historical Background
The realist movement was greatly influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time.
Le Pere Goriot 高老头 La Cousine Bette贝蒂表妹
Gustave Flaubert福 楼拜 (1821-1880)
Flaubert is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century.
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev 屠格涅夫(1818-1883)
Turgenev was the first Russion author to gain recognition in the West.
Works: A Hunter’s Sketches
Charterhouse of Parma)巴马修道院
Honore de Balzac 巴尔扎克 (1799-1850)
Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”.
Works: La Comedie Humaine
( the Human Comedy)人间喜剧, Eugenie Grandet欧也妮·葛朗台,
Background
The Historical Background
The realist movement was greatly influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time.
Le Pere Goriot 高老头 La Cousine Bette贝蒂表妹
Gustave Flaubert福 楼拜 (1821-1880)
Flaubert is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century.
欧洲文化课件
Mesopotamian civilization had made contact with other cultures of the Fertile Crescent in the region. • An extensive trade network connecting Mesopotamia with the rest of Ancient Western Asia then developed.
• The Sumerians, who inhabited southern Mesopotamia from 3000-2000 B.C., are thought to have been the first culture to develop non-pictographic writing. • The greatest achievement of Sumerian civilization was their cuneiform ("wedgeshaped") system of writing. • Using a reed stylus, they made wedgeshaped impressions on wet clay tablets which were then baked in the sun.
• Around 3000 years before the greatest era of Greek history, civilizations flourished in Mesopotamia and in Egypt. • These civilizations were urban, productive, religious and law abiding and in all meanings of the word, civilized. • Between 4000-3000 B.C., the first cities appeared in the region. This was in response to the pressures of population growth, the organizational requirements of irrigation and the demands of more complex trade patterns.
• The Sumerians, who inhabited southern Mesopotamia from 3000-2000 B.C., are thought to have been the first culture to develop non-pictographic writing. • The greatest achievement of Sumerian civilization was their cuneiform ("wedgeshaped") system of writing. • Using a reed stylus, they made wedgeshaped impressions on wet clay tablets which were then baked in the sun.
• Around 3000 years before the greatest era of Greek history, civilizations flourished in Mesopotamia and in Egypt. • These civilizations were urban, productive, religious and law abiding and in all meanings of the word, civilized. • Between 4000-3000 B.C., the first cities appeared in the region. This was in response to the pressures of population growth, the organizational requirements of irrigation and the demands of more complex trade patterns.
欧洲文化入门1PPT课件
• Kepler was the first important scientist after Copernicus to adopt the theory of the Sun Center.
• Kepler proved , developed and corrected Copernicus's idea and discovered three laws of planetary motion, collectively known as "Kepler's Laws."
• The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man's scientific and philosophical thinking.
第9页/共11页
谢谢您的观看
THANK YOU FOR YOUR WATCH
目录
CONCENT
01 ·Science 02 ·Philosophy,Politics and Literature in England
03 ·Descartes;French Classicism
04 ·Art
第1页/共11页
General Introduction
• In the 17th century Europe advanced from the Middle Ages to the modern times. This advance began in science ,in astronomy,physics and pure mathematics,oing to the work of Galileo,Keoler,Newton and Descartes.Their work helped to creat modern science and in a sense,the modern world.
• Kepler proved , developed and corrected Copernicus's idea and discovered three laws of planetary motion, collectively known as "Kepler's Laws."
• The combination of the two merits brought about fundamental changes in man's scientific and philosophical thinking.
第9页/共11页
谢谢您的观看
THANK YOU FOR YOUR WATCH
目录
CONCENT
01 ·Science 02 ·Philosophy,Politics and Literature in England
03 ·Descartes;French Classicism
04 ·Art
第1页/共11页
General Introduction
• In the 17th century Europe advanced from the Middle Ages to the modern times. This advance began in science ,in astronomy,physics and pure mathematics,oing to the work of Galileo,Keoler,Newton and Descartes.Their work helped to creat modern science and in a sense,the modern world.
欧洲文化入门(精品英文PPT课件)
希腊艺术是理想主义的简朴的强调共性的典雅精致的一句话概括是高贵的单纯静穆的伟大当二次电子数最少为一个时可代替初始电子的作用继续不断从阴极发出电子形成不依赖外界因素的初始电子从而产生自持放电
Division one Greek culture and roman culture
I . Greek Culture
Group one
• Leader:胡锦璞 • Members:孙京、杨建勋、赵元硕、段娟娟
• • • • •
Part 1-3 Part 4-6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9
胡锦璞 赵元硕 段娟娟 杨建勋 孙 京
1、The Historical Background
• TIME: around 1200B.C. • Establishment : after the war between Greece and Troy. • Cultural Significance: mark by the successful repulse of the Persian invasion . • Spread : Alexander and his armies conquered large areas of Europe Asia and Africa. • End: it was conquered by the Romans
• The Histories — his masterpiece and the only work he is known to have produced — is a record of his "inquiry" , being an investigation of the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars and including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information. Although some of his stories were not completely accurate, he claimed that he was reporting only what had been told to him. Little is known of his personal history since ancient records are scanty, contradictory and often fanciful.
Division one Greek culture and roman culture
I . Greek Culture
Group one
• Leader:胡锦璞 • Members:孙京、杨建勋、赵元硕、段娟娟
• • • • •
Part 1-3 Part 4-6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9
胡锦璞 赵元硕 段娟娟 杨建勋 孙 京
1、The Historical Background
• TIME: around 1200B.C. • Establishment : after the war between Greece and Troy. • Cultural Significance: mark by the successful repulse of the Persian invasion . • Spread : Alexander and his armies conquered large areas of Europe Asia and Africa. • End: it was conquered by the Romans
• The Histories — his masterpiece and the only work he is known to have produced — is a record of his "inquiry" , being an investigation of the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars and including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information. Although some of his stories were not completely accurate, he claimed that he was reporting only what had been told to him. Little is known of his personal history since ancient records are scanty, contradictory and often fanciful.
欧洲文化入门 ppt课件
Greek Culture
Greek Culture
Lyric Poetry
Sappho (612-580 B.C.) woman poet - The most important lyric poet of ancient Greece - Noted for love poems of passionate intensity
Tragedy Tragedy
Euripides
Andromache, Medea, Tragedy
(484-406 B.C.) Trojan Women
Only two actors and a chorus; Written in verse
Vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry
European Culture: An Introduction
Textbook
《European Culture: An Introduction》 欧洲文化入门
主编：王佐良 祝珏 李品伟 高厚堃 外语教学与研究出版社
chronological
Contents
1. Greek Culture and Roman Culture 2. The Bible and Christianity 3. The Middle Ages 4. Renaissance and Reformation 5. The Seventeenth Century 6. The Age of Enlightenment 7. Romanticism 8. Marxism and Darwinism 9. Realism 10. Modernism and Other Trends 11. Review for Final Test
《欧洲文化概况》课件
欧洲的宗教和哲学
1
哲学思潮和代表人物简介
2
欧洲有许多伟大的哲学家，如苏格拉底、 亚里士多德和尼采，他们的思想对人类 思维方式产生了深远影响。
宗教的历史和现状概述
欧洲有着丰富的宗教历史，包括基督教、 伊斯兰教和犹太教等，这些宗教对欧洲 文化产生了深远影响。
欧洲的食物和节日文化
饮食文化和典型食物介绍
欧洲主要国家和城市
主要国家和其文化特色简介
欧洲有许多国家，每个国家都有独特的文化特色和传统，例如法国的美食和意大利的时尚。
主要城市和其文化地标介绍
欧洲的许多城市都有着令人惊叹的文化地标，如伦敦的大本钟和巴黎的埃菲尔铁塔。
欧洲文化的艺术与文学
1
文艺复兴的兴起与影响
文艺复兴是欧洲文化史上的重要时期，它带来了艺术和文学的崛起，改变了人们 的思维方式。
2
典范和代表作品介绍
欧洲有许多文学经典和代表作品，如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》和戈雅的《第三五 月》。
欧洲音乐和影视文化
1
音乐的发展和特色
欧洲的音乐传统悠久且多样，从古典音乐到流行音乐，每种类型都有其独特的魅力。
2
影视文化的兴起和影响
欧洲的电影和电视作品在世界范围内产生了广泛的影响，展示了欧洲文化的多样性和创造力。
《欧洲文化概况》PPT课 件
欧洲文化概况是一场关于欧洲地理、历史、艺术、音乐、宗教、食物和节日 的精彩旅程。让我们一起探索这个博大精深的文化世界！
欧洲地理和历史概述
1
地理和自然环境
从壮丽的阿尔卑斯山脉到美丽的地中海沿岸，欧洲拥有多样的地理特点和自然风 景。
2
历史和文化背景
欧洲的悠久历史和丰富文化背景为其多样性和独特性增添了深厚的底蕴。
欧洲文化入门--中世纪 ppt课件
Roger Bacon （罗吉尔·培根）
在物理学方面，特别是对 于光学的研究 他通过实验研 究了凸透镜的放大效果以及 光的反向和折射规律，证明 了虹是太阳光照射空气中的 水珠而形成的自然现象。
ppt课件
32
Experimental Science（实验科学）
ppt课件
33
IV. Literature
National Epics –the product of the Heroic Age. Written in vernacular languages
A. Beowulf
《贝奥武甫》
ppt课件
34
Beowulf《贝奥武甫》
ppt课件
35
史诗《贝奥武甫》主要描写了古叶亚特某国王的侄子，贝奥武 甫的三次英勇战绩。他初次与怪兽格兰德尔相搏，重创怪兽；继而 又与其母在水下搏击，使巨剑亦杀其母。然后载誉而归，统治国家 达５０年之久。其后，一喷火伤人的巨龙出现，贝奥武甫拼其残年 余力，为民杀龙除害后死去。
查理曼建造寺院学校，鼓励、支持学者做学问，并让抄 写员抄录各种古籍书刊。由于抄写员们工作非常努力，因此， 当时的古典书籍几乎都被保存了下来。他所做出的这些贡献被 称之为“卡洛琳复兴”。在这一小规模的复兴—卡洛琳复兴中， 法兰克或日尔曼国家吸收了罗马古典文化和希伯来基督文化的 财富。
ppt课件
28
2. Alfred the Great and Wessex Center of Learning 阿尔弗雷德大帝
ppt课件
21
Augustine of Hippo
(北非希波主教奥古斯丁，神学界的旷世奇才）
主要著作
1、《忏悔录》 （The Confession)
在物理学方面，特别是对 于光学的研究 他通过实验研 究了凸透镜的放大效果以及 光的反向和折射规律，证明 了虹是太阳光照射空气中的 水珠而形成的自然现象。
ppt课件
32
Experimental Science（实验科学）
ppt课件
33
IV. Literature
National Epics –the product of the Heroic Age. Written in vernacular languages
A. Beowulf
《贝奥武甫》
ppt课件
34
Beowulf《贝奥武甫》
ppt课件
35
史诗《贝奥武甫》主要描写了古叶亚特某国王的侄子，贝奥武 甫的三次英勇战绩。他初次与怪兽格兰德尔相搏，重创怪兽；继而 又与其母在水下搏击，使巨剑亦杀其母。然后载誉而归，统治国家 达５０年之久。其后，一喷火伤人的巨龙出现，贝奥武甫拼其残年 余力，为民杀龙除害后死去。
查理曼建造寺院学校，鼓励、支持学者做学问，并让抄 写员抄录各种古籍书刊。由于抄写员们工作非常努力，因此， 当时的古典书籍几乎都被保存了下来。他所做出的这些贡献被 称之为“卡洛琳复兴”。在这一小规模的复兴—卡洛琳复兴中， 法兰克或日尔曼国家吸收了罗马古典文化和希伯来基督文化的 财富。
ppt课件
28
2. Alfred the Great and Wessex Center of Learning 阿尔弗雷德大帝
ppt课件
21
Augustine of Hippo
(北非希波主教奥古斯丁，神学界的旷世奇才）
主要著作
1、《忏悔录》 （The Confession)
欧洲文化入门PPT课件
(1794)《经验之歌》.
Innocence and Experience, “the two contrary states of the human soul,” are contrasted in such poems as “The Lamb” and “The Tiger.”
.
16
TIGER
.
15
Major Works
Blake explored issues of divine love in
the collection Songs of Innocence (1789)
《天真之歌》, while he considered the
nature of evil in Songs of Experience
.
18
老虎
译：卞之琳
老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌， 烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽， 什么样非凡的手和眼睛 能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？
什么样遥远的海底、天边 烧出了做你眼睛的火焰？ 跨什么翅膀胆敢去凌空？ 凭什么铁掌抓一把火种？
什么样工夫，什么样胳膊，
拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络？
等到你的心一开始蹦跳，
什么样惊心动魄的手脚？
.
19
什么样铁链？什么样铁锤？ 什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓？ 什么样铁砧？什么样猛劲 一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆？
到临了，星星扔下了金枪， 千万滴眼泪洒遍了穹苍， 完工了再看看．他可会笑？ 不就是造羊的把你也造了？
老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌， 烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽， 什么样非凡的手和眼睛 敢塑造你一身惊人的匀称
.
22
Theory: “poetry is the spontaneous 自发的 overflow 流溢 of powerful feelings recollected 回忆 in tranquillity 宁静.”
Innocence and Experience, “the two contrary states of the human soul,” are contrasted in such poems as “The Lamb” and “The Tiger.”
.
16
TIGER
.
15
Major Works
Blake explored issues of divine love in
the collection Songs of Innocence (1789)
《天真之歌》, while he considered the
nature of evil in Songs of Experience
.
18
老虎
译：卞之琳
老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌， 烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽， 什么样非凡的手和眼睛 能塑造你一身惊人的匀称？
什么样遥远的海底、天边 烧出了做你眼睛的火焰？ 跨什么翅膀胆敢去凌空？ 凭什么铁掌抓一把火种？
什么样工夫，什么样胳膊，
拗得成你五脏六腑的筋络？
等到你的心一开始蹦跳，
什么样惊心动魄的手脚？
.
19
什么样铁链？什么样铁锤？ 什么样熔炉里炼你的脑髓？ 什么样铁砧？什么样猛劲 一下子掐住了骇人的雷霆？
到临了，星星扔下了金枪， 千万滴眼泪洒遍了穹苍， 完工了再看看．他可会笑？ 不就是造羊的把你也造了？
老虎！老虎！火一样辉煌， 烧穿了黑夜的森林和草莽， 什么样非凡的手和眼睛 敢塑造你一身惊人的匀称
.
22
Theory: “poetry is the spontaneous 自发的 overflow 流溢 of powerful feelings recollected 回忆 in tranquillity 宁静.”
欧洲文化入门Realism-in-EnglandPPT课件
2021/3/12
5
Thomas Hardy
• 1brief introdution:he was close to nature when he was young,which helped him to undersand life better.He first trained as architect and began to practice in London but he prefferred writing.
2021/3/12
4
William Makepeace Thackeray
• 1breif introdution:he was born in a wealthy British family and inherited a large amount of money but lost his fortune because of his gambling.
2021/3/12
11
• Pearl of Orr’s island(1862), Old-Town Folks(1869), Poganuc People(1878)
• Died, 1896
2021/3/12
12
2021/3/12
13
Major themes
• The evil and immorality of slavery • The moral power and sanctity of women • The rejection of slavery
9
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Her father, Lyman Beecher at a school 1834, began her literary career when she won a
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Contents: Division 1---10 Attendance Evaluation (paper and written exam)
Abilities needed and to be developed
Memorization (names, times, etc.) Comprehension (ideas and ideologies) Compare and contrast (east and west) Critical thinking (why Europe leads the
revolutions, social changes,etc.) Ideologies (main assumptions) Prominent historical figures (political, literary,
religious, scientific, artistic) Literary and artistic styles (main characteristics)
Not written by one person, but by many anonymously, some sections had existed orally before.
Not written within a single period of time: Old Testament: 1,000 - 15 B.C. N. T.: 50 – 150 A.D.
Literature
Lyric poetry
Homer
Iliad Odyssey
Why is Homer important in the history of European literature?
Sappho
Pindar
Drama religious festivals. B.C
Dramatists: History
Epicureans 伊壁鸠鲁学派 Epicurus
Pleasure is the highest good of life, achieved through practiced virtue. Different from hedonism(享乐主义）－
through sensual indulgence.
Not written in one language: O.T: in Hebrew; N.T: in Greek (partly in Aramaic 阿拉米语)
* Books in it are not systematically classified or chronologically arranged.
Alexander III (356-336-323 BC); center: Alexandria in Egypt; Roman conquest in 146 BC
Philosophy
What is philosophy? Contending Schools of thoughts
诡辩学派 Sophists 500 B.C. 代表人物：Protagoras Man is measure of all things. Forerunner of Socratic dialectic Emphasis on ability to argue for any case
Military: Roman legions Law: Roman Law Constructions: aqueducts, roads Government system: effective bureaucracy
The Bible
It is not a single book, but a collection of 66 books, different in style, content, subject of matter, and point of view.
monarchy
Religion and mythology:
Languages (Greek and Latin): IndoEuropean family
Differences: Romans built an empire, Greeks not. Greeks:
art and intellect Romans:
Characteristics of the Course
Wide Coverage of many fields: astronomy, geography, literature, history, religion, philosophy, political thoughts, art (paining, music, architecture, sculpture), science, etc.
multiculturalism
Ancient Greek Culture
Historical context: 1200 BC. Trojan War (700BC: Homer) 800-500 BC: formative period (city states) 500-336 BC: classical period: heyday
Period of Empire: 27 B.C. – 476 A.D. – 1453 27 BC.－ 193 AD. Pax Romana
前三头：克拉苏，庞培，凯撒 （Julius Caeser）
后三头：雷必达，安东尼，屋大维 （Augustus Octavius）
after 193: weakened, barbarian invasions (Huns, Goths, Visigoths, Vandals)
475: split – WRE and Byzantium 1453: conquered by Ottoman Empire (Modern Italy: 1871)
Romans & Greeks
Similarities: Democracy: citizen assembly, hostile to
Classification of 66 books
Old Testament: (Hebrew History) 1. Law and history 2. Prophecies 3. Poetry, drama, tales, moral teachings New Testament: (Life of Jesus Christ) 1. Gospels 2. Letters 3. Revelations The central theme binding all books:
winning Greco-Persian Way; democracy in Athens;
flourish of sci and art; civil war: Athens vs. Sparta 伯罗奔尼撒战争 (432-404 BC), declined.
336-146 BC: Hellenization period 希腊化时期
An Introduction to European Culture
Purposes of the course
Improve English learning Upgrade personal quality Prepare for graduate program Promote intercultural competence Broaden your vision for future and life.
Empire 476 A.D. – 14th century : Medieval Age 14th C (Dante) – mid-17th C (Shakespeare, English Revolution) 17th C: prodigious development of sci & Tech 18th C: enlightenment 19th C: Marxism, Darwinism, realism 20th C: modernism, postmodernism Since 1970s: information age, globalization, economic integration,
City of Rome set up
Period of Republic: 510-27 B.C.
1) Occupation of whole Italy 2) expansion: Punic Wars （264－133 B.C.）, defeating Carthage (迦太基) 3) Slave uprisings (133-27 BC.):斯巴达克 斯
God-centered thoughts ------Judeo-Christian thoughts
Human-centered thoughts----Creco-Roman thoughts
Establish a chronological framework of world history: 1200 – 146 B.C.: Ancient Greece 700 B.C. – 27 B.C. – 395 A.D.- 476 – 1054- 1453: Ancient Roman
Stoics 斯多葛派，禁欲主义学派 Zeno antithesis of Epicureans virtue, not pleasure, is the highest good. Duty Hardship
Famous philosophers and scientists
Pythagoras Heracleitue Democritus Eucid Archimedes Socrates Plato Aristotle