美国数学建模论文格式翻译
美国大学生数学建模论文及其翻译31552
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Best all time college coach Summary
In order to select the “best all time college coach” in the last century fairly, We take selecting the best male basketball coach as an example, and establish the TOPSIS sort - Comprehensive Evaluation improved model based on entropy and Analytical Hierarchy Process. The model mainly analyzed such indicators as winning rate, coaching time, the time of winning the championship, the number of races and the ability to perceive .Firstly ， Analytical Hierarchy Process and Entropy are integratively utilized to determine the index weights of the selecting indicators Secondly，Standardized matrix and parameter matrix are combined to construct the weighted standardized decision matrix. Finally, we can get the college men's basketball com
数模美国赛总结部分英文
数模美国赛总结部分英文第一篇：数模美国赛总结部分英文Conclusions1、As our team set out to come up with a strategy on what would be the most efficient way to 我们提出了一种最有效的方法去解决……2、The first aspect that we took into major consideration was…….Other important findings through research made it apparent that the standard 首先我们考虑到……，其他重要的是我们通过研究使4、We have used mathematical modeling in a……to analyze some of the factors associated with such an activity。
为了分析这类问题的一些因素，我们运用数学模型……5、This “cannon problem” has been used in many forms in many differential equations courses in the Department of Mathematical Sciences for several years.这些年这些问题已经以不同的微分方程形式运用于自然科学部门。
6、In conclusion our team is very certain that the methods we came up with in 总之，我们很确定我们提出的方法7、We already know how well our results worked for…… 我们已经知道我们结果对……8、Now that the problem areas have been defined, we offer some ways to reduce the effect of these problems.既然已经定义了结果，我们提出一些方法减少对问题的影响。
美赛数学建模A题翻译版论文
美赛数学建模A题翻译版论文The document was finally revised on 2021数学建模竞赛(MCM / ICM)汇总表基于细胞的高速公路交通模型自动机和蒙特卡罗方法总结基于元胞自动机和蒙特卡罗方法,我们建立一个模型来讨论“靠右行”规则的影响。
首先,我们打破汽车的运动过程和建立相应的子模型car-generation的流入模型,对于匀速行驶车辆，我们建立一个跟随模型,和超车模型。
然后我们设计规则来模拟车辆的运动模型。
我们进一步讨论我们的模型规则适应靠右的情况和,不受限制的情况, 和交通情况由智能控制系统的情况。
我们也设计一个道路的危险指数评价公式。
我们模拟双车道高速公路上交通(每个方向两个车道,一共四条车道),高速公路双向三车道（总共6车道)。
通过计算机和分析数据。
我们记录的平均速度,超车取代率、道路密度和危险指数和通过与不受规则限制的比较评估靠右行的性能。
我们利用不同的速度限制分析模型的敏感性和看到不同的限速的影响。
左手交通也进行了讨论。
根据我们的分析,我们提出一个新规则结合两个现有的规则(靠右的规则和无限制的规则)的智能系统来实现更好的的性能。
1介绍术语假设2模型设计的元胞自动机流入模型跟随模型超车模型超车概率超车条件危险指数两套规则CA模型靠右行无限制行驶规则3补充分析模型加速和减速概率分布的设计设计来避免碰撞4模型实现与计算机5数据分析和模型验证平均速度快车的平均速度密度超车几率危险指数6在不同速度限制下敏感性评价模型7驾驶在左边8交通智能系统智能系统的新规则模型的适应度智能系统结果9结论10优点和缺点优势弱点引用附录。
1 Introduction今天,大约65%的世界人口生活在右手交通的国家和35%在左手交通的国家交通流量。
[worldstandards。
欧盟,2013] 右手交通的国家,比如美国和中国,法规要求驾驶在靠路的右边行走。
多车道高速公路在这些国家经常使用一个规则,要求司机在最右边开车除非他们超过另一辆车,在这种情况下,他们移动到左边的车道、通过，返回到原来的车道。
美国数学建模翻译
Keywords:capacity;volume - velocity model;correlation factors;traffic flowlane occupancy influencing on traffic capacity of urban roadAnalysis of Factors Influencing on Traffic CapacityAbstractLane occupancy will change the traffic capacity of the road, have an impact on urban traffic.Build a mathematical model to quantitative analyze the influence factors such as accident location and traffic lanes occupancy on urban traffic flow.针对第一问，首先统计上下游路段通行量并换算成标准车当量，并引入实际问题修正系数，建立横截面实际通行能力动态模型，利用matlab 编程计算，绘制交通事故横断面实际通行能力变化曲线，得到事故处理中事故点处通行能力为16.8pcu/min,事故发生3min 后开始出现堵塞。
然后对小区路口车流量和车道宽度进一步分析，得到小区路口车流量与横断面通行能力不相关，以及横向干扰和车道宽度增加一个等级，通行能力分别平均下降5.6%和28%。
Question1 , the first statistics on traffic volume and the downstream segment converted into equivalent standard car, and the introduction of practical issues correction factor, the actual capacity to establish a cross-section of dynamic model, using matlab programming calculations, draw a cross traffic accident 。
美赛数学建模比赛论文模板
The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass RuleSummaryAs for the first question, it provides a traffic rule of keep right except to pass, requiring us to verify its effectiveness. Firstly, we define one kind of traffic rule different from the rule of the keep right in order to solve the problem clearly; then, we build a Cellular automaton model and a Nasch model by collecting massive data; next, we make full use of the numerical simulation according to several influence factors of traffic flow; At last, by lots of analysis of graph we obtain, we indicate a conclusion as follow: when vehicle density is lower than 0.15, the rule of lane speed control is more effective in terms of the factor of safe in the light traffic; when vehicle density is greater than 0.15, so the rule of keep right except passing is more effective In the heavy traffic.As for the second question, it requires us to testify that whether the conclusion we obtain in the first question is the same apply to the keep left rule. First of all, we build a stochastic multi-lane traffic model; from the view of the vehicle flow stress, we propose that the probability of moving to the right is 0.7and to the left otherwise by making full use of the Bernoulli process from the view of the ping-pong effect, the conclusion is that the choice of the changing lane is random. On the whole, the fundamental reason is the formation of the driving habit, so the conclusion is effective under the rule of keep left.As for the third question, it requires us to demonstrate the effectiveness of the result advised in the first question under the intelligent vehicle control system. Firstly, taking the speed limits into consideration, we build a microscopic traffic simulator model for traffic simulation purposes. Then, we implement a METANET model for prediction state with the use of the MPC traffic controller. Afterwards, we certify that the dynamic speed control measure can improve the traffic flow .Lastly neglecting the safe factor, combining the rule of keep right with the rule of dynamical speed control is the best solution to accelerate the traffic flow overall.Key words：Cellular automaton model Bernoulli process Microscopic traffic simulator model The MPC traffic controlContentContent (2)1. Introduction (3)2. Analysis of the problem (3)3. Assumption (3)4. Symbol Definition (3)5. Models (4)5.1 Building of the Cellular automaton model (4)5.1.1 Verify the effectiveness of the keep right except to pass rule (4)5.1.2 Numerical simulation results and discussion (5)5.1.3 Conclusion (8)5.2 The solving of second question (8)5.2.1 The building of the stochastic multi-lane traffic model (9)5.2.2 Conclusion (9)5.3 Taking the an intelligent vehicle system into a account (9)5.3.1 Introduction of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems (9)5.3.2 Control problem (9)5.3.3 Results and analysis (9)5.3.4 The comprehensive analysis of the result (10)6. Improvement of the model (11)6.1 strength and weakness (11)6.1.1 Strength (11)6.1.2 Weakness (11)6.2 Improvement of the model (11)7. Reference (13)1. IntroductionAs is known to all, it’s essential for us to drive automobiles, thus the driving rules is crucial important. In many countries like USA, China, drivers obey the rules which called “The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass (that is, when driving automobiles, the rule requires drivers to drive in the right-most unless theyare passing another vehicle)”.2. Analysis of the problemFor the first question, we decide to use the Cellular automaton to build models,then analyze the performance of this rule in light and heavy traffic. Firstly,we mainly use the vehicle density to distinguish the light and heavy traffic; secondly, we consider the traffic flow and safe as the represent variable which denotes the light or heavy traffic; thirdly, we build and analyze a Cellular automaton model; finally, we judge the rule through two different driving rules,and then draw conclusions.3. AssumptionIn order to streamline our model we have made several key assumptions●The highway of double row three lanes that we study can representmulti-lane freeways.●The data that we refer to has certain representativeness and descriptive●Operation condition of the highway not be influenced by blizzard oraccidental factors●Ignore the driver's own abnormal factors, such as drunk driving andfatigue driving●The operation form of highway intelligent system that our analysis canreflect intelligent system●In the intelligent vehicle system, the result of the sampling data hashigh accuracy.4. Symbol Definitioni The number of vehiclest The time5. ModelsBy analyzing the problem, we decided to propose a solution with building a cellular automaton model.5.1 Building of the Cellular automaton modelThanks to its simple rules and convenience for computer simulation, cellular automaton model has been widely used in the study of traffic flow in recent years. Let )(t x i be the position of vehicle i at time t , )(t v i be the speed of vehicle i at time t , p be the random slowing down probability, and R be the proportion of trucks and buses, the distance between vehicle i and the front vehicle at time t is:1)()(1--=-t x t x gap i i i , if the front vehicle is a small vehicle.3)()(1--=-t x t x gap i i i , if the front vehicle is a truck or bus.5.1.1 Verify the effectiveness of the keep right except to pass ruleIn addition, according to the keep right except to pass rule, we define a new rule called: Control rules based on lane speed. The concrete explanation of the new rule as follow:There is no special passing lane under this rule. The speed of the first lane (the far left lane) is 120–100km/h (including 100 km/h)；the speed of the second lane (the middle lane) is 100–80km8/h (including80km/h)；the speed of the third lane (the far right lane) is below 80km/ h. The speeds of lanes decrease from left to right.● Lane changing rules based lane speed controlIf vehicle on the high-speed lane meets control v v <, ),1)(min()(max v t v t gap i f i +≥, safe b i gap t gap ≥)(, the vehicle will turn into the adjacent right lane, and the speed of the vehicle after lane changing remains unchanged, where control v is the minimum speed of the corresponding lane.● The application of the Nasch model evolutionLet d P be the lane changing probability (taking into account the actual situation that some drivers like driving in a certain lane, and will not takethe initiative to change lanes), )(t gap f i indicates the distance between the vehicle and the nearest front vehicle, )(t gap b i indicates the distance between the vehicle and the nearest following vehicle. In this article, we assume that the minimum safe distance gap safe of lane changing equals to the maximum speed of the following vehicle in the adjacent lanes.Lane changing rules based on keeping right except to passIn general, traffic flow going through a passing zone (Fig. 5.1.1) involves three processes: the diverging process (one traffic flow diverging into two flows), interacting process (interacting between the two flows), and merging process (the two flows merging into one) [4].Fig.5.1.1 Control plan of overtaking process(1) If vehicle on the first lane (passing lane) meets ),1)(min()(max v t v t gap i f i +≥ and safe b i gap t gap ≥)(, the vehicle will turn into the second lane, the speed of the vehicle after lane changing remains unchanged.5.1.2 Numerical simulation results and discussionIn order to facilitate the subsequent discussions, we define the space occupation rate as L N N p truck CAR ⨯⨯+=3/)3(, where CAR N indicates the number ofsmall vehicles on the driveway,truck N indicates the number of trucks and buses on the driveway, and L indicates the total length of the road. The vehicle flow volume Q is the number of vehicles passing a fixed point per unit time,T N Q T /=, where T N is the number of vehicles observed in time duration T .The average speed ∑∑⨯=T it i a v T N V 11)/1(, t i v is the speed of vehicle i at time t . Take overtaking ratio f p as the evaluation indicator of the safety of traffic flow, which is the ratio of the total number of overtaking and the number of vehicles observed. After 20,000 evolution steps, and averaging the last 2000 steps based on time, we have obtained the following experimental results. In order to eliminate the effect of randomicity, we take the systemic average of 20 samples [5].Overtaking ratio of different control rule conditionsBecause different control conditions of road will produce different overtaking ratio, so we first observe relationships among vehicle density, proportion of large vehicles and overtaking ratio under different control conditions.(a) Based on passing lane control (b) Based on speed control Fig.5.1.3Fig.5.1.3 Relationships among vehicle density, proportion of large vehicles and overtaking ratio under different control conditions.It can be seen from Fig. 5.1.3:(1) when the vehicle density is less than 0.05, the overtaking ratio will continue to rise with the increase of vehicle density; when the vehicle density is larger than 0.05, the overtaking ratio will decrease with the increase of vehicle density; when density is greater than 0.12, due to the crowding, it willbecome difficult to overtake, so the overtaking ratio is almost 0.(2) when the proportion of large vehicles is less than 0.5, the overtaking ratio will rise with the increase of large vehicles; when the proportion of large vehicles is about 0.5, the overtaking ratio will reach its peak value; when the proportion of large vehicles is larger than 0.5, the overtaking ratio will decrease with the increase of large vehicles, especially under lane-based control condition s the decline is very clear.● Concrete impact of under different control rules on overtaking ratioFig.5.1.4Fig.5.1.4 Relationships among vehicle density, proportion of large vehicles and overtaking ratio under different control conditions. (Figures in left-hand indicate the passing lane control, figures in right-hand indicate the speed control. 1f P is the overtaking ratio of small vehicles over large vehicles, 2f P is the overtaking ratio of small vehicles over small vehicles, 3f P is the overtaking ratio of large vehicles over small vehicles, 4f P is the overtaking ratio of large vehicles over large vehicles.). It can be seen from Fig. 5.1.4:(1) The overtaking ratio of small vehicles over large vehicles under passing lane control is much higher than that under speed control condition, which is because, under passing lane control condition, high-speed small vehicles have to surpass low-speed large vehicles by the passing lane, while under speed control condition, small vehicles are designed to travel on the high-speed lane, there is no low- speed vehicle in front, thus there is no need to overtake. ● Impact of different control rules on vehicle speedFig. 5.1.5 Relationships among vehicle density, proportion of large vehicles and average speed under different control conditions. (Figures in left-hand indicates passing lane control, figures in right-hand indicates speed control.a X is the average speed of all the vehicles, 1a X is the average speed of all the small vehicles, 2a X is the average speed of all the buses and trucks.).It can be seen from Fig. 5.1.5:(1) The average speed will reduce with the increase of vehicle density and proportion of large vehicles.(2) When vehicle density is less than 0.15,a X ,1a X and 2a X are almost the same under both control conditions.Effect of different control conditions on traffic flowFig.5.1.6Fig. 5.1.6 Relationships among vehicle density, proportion of large vehicles and traffic flow under different control conditions. (Figure a1 indicates passing lane control, figure a2 indicates speed control, and figure b indicates the traffic flow difference between the two conditions.It can be seen from Fig. 5.1.6：(1) When vehicle density is lower than 0.15 and the proportion of large vehicles is from 0.4 to 1, the traffic flow of the two control conditions are basically the same.(2) Except that, the traffic flow under passing lane control condition is slightly larger than that of speed control condition.5.1.3 ConclusionIn this paper, we have established three-lane model of different control conditions, studied the overtaking ratio, speed and traffic flow under different control conditions, vehicle density and proportion of large vehicles.5.2 The solving of second question5.2.1 The building of the stochastic multi-lane traffic model5.2.2 ConclusionOn one hand, from the analysis of the model, in the case the stress is positive, we also consider the jam situation while making the decision. More specifically, if a driver is in a jam situation, applying ))(,2(x P B R results with a tendency of moving to the right lane for this driver. However in reality, drivers tend to find an emptier lane in a jam situation. For this reason, we apply a Bernoulli process )7.0,2(B where the probability of moving to the right is 0.7and to the left otherwise, and the conclusion is under the rule of keep left except to pass, So, the fundamental reason is the formation of the driving habit.5.3 Taking the an intelligent vehicle system into a accountFor the third question, if vehicle transportation on the same roadway was fully under the control of an intelligent system, we make some improvements for the solution proposed by us to perfect the performance of the freeway by lots of analysis.5.3.1 Introduction of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway SystemsWe will use the microscopic traffic simulator model for traffic simulation purposes. The MPC traffic controller that is implemented in the Matlab needs a traffic model to predict the states when the speed limits are applied in Fig.5.3.1. We implement a METANET model for prediction purpose[14].5.3.2 Control problemAs a constraint, the dynamic speed limits are given a maximum and minimum allowed value. The upper bound for the speed limits is 120 km/h, and the lower bound value is 40 km/h. For the calculation of the optimal control values, all speed limits are constrained to this range. When the optimal values are found, they are rounded to a multiplicity of 10 km/h, since this is more clear for human drivers, and also technically feasible without large investments.5.3.3 Results and analysisWhen the density is high, it is more difficult to control the traffic, since the mean speed might already be below the control speed. Therefore, simulations are done using densities at which the shock wave can dissolve without using control, and at densities where the shock wave remains. For each scenario, five simulations for three different cases are done, each with a duration of one hour. The results of the simulations are reported in Table 5.1, 5.2, 5.3.●Enforced speed limits●Intelligent speed adaptationFor the ISA scenario, the desired free-flow speed is about 100% of the speed limit. The desired free-flow speed is modeled as a Gaussian distribution, with a mean value of 100% of the speed limit, and a standard deviation of 5% of the speed limit. Based on this percentage, the influence of the dynamic speed limits is expected to be good[19].5.3.4 The comprehensive analysis of the resultFrom the analysis above, we indicate that adopting the intelligent speed control system can effectively decrease the travel times under the control of an intelligent system, in other words, the measures of dynamic speed control can improve the traffic flow.Evidently, under the intelligent speed control system, the effect of the dynamic speed control measure is better than that under the lane speed control mentioned in the first problem. Because of the application of the intelligent speed control system, it can provide the optimal speed limit in time. In addition, it can guarantee the safe condition with all kinds of detection device and the sensor under the intelligent speed system.On the whole, taking all the analysis from the first problem to the end into a account, when it is in light traffic, we can neglect the factor of safe with the help of the intelligent speed control system.Thus, under the state of the light traffic, we propose a new conclusion different from that in the first problem: the rule of keep right except to pass is more effective than that of lane speed control.And when it is in the heavy traffic, for sparing no effort to improve the operation efficiency of the freeway, we combine the dynamical speed control measure with the rule of keep right except to pass, drawing a conclusion that the application of the dynamical speed control can improve the performance of the freeway.What we should highlight is that we can make some different speed limit as for different section of road or different size of vehicle with the application of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems.In fact, that how the freeway traffic operate is extremely complex, thereby,with the application of the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems, by adjusting our solution originally, we make it still effective to freeway traffic.6. Improvement of the model6.1 strength and weakness6.1.1 Strength●it is easy for computer simulating and can be modified flexibly to consideractual traffic conditions ,moreover a large number of images make the model more visual.●The result is effectively achieved all of the goals we set initially, meantimethe conclusion is more persuasive because of we used the Bernoulli equation.●We can get more accurate result as we apply Matlab.6.1.2 Weakness●The relationship between traffic flow and safety is not comprehensivelyanalysis.●Due to there are many traffic factors, we are only studied some of the factors,thus our model need further improved.6.2 Improvement of the modelWhile we compare models under two kinds of traffic rules, thereby we come to the efficiency of driving on the right to improve traffic flow in some circumstance. Due to the rules of comparing is too less, the conclusion is inadequate. In order to improve the accuracy, We further put forward a kinds of traffic rules: speed limit on different type of cars.The possibility of happening traffic accident for some vehicles is larger, and it also brings hidden safe troubles. So we need to consider separately about different or specific vehicle types from the angle of the speed limiting in order to reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents, the highway speed limit signs is in Fig.6.1.Fig .6.1Advantages of the improving model are that it is useful to improve the running condition safety of specific type of vehicle while considering the difference of different types of vehicles. However, we found that the rules may be reduce the road traffic flow through the analysis. In the implementation it should be at the 85V speed of each model as the main reference basis. In recent years, the85V of some researchers for the typical countries from Table 6.1[ 21]:Author Country ModelOttesen and Krammes2000 AmericaLC DC L DC V C ⨯---=01.0012.057.144.10285Andueza2000Venezuela ].[308.9486.7)/894()/2795(25.9885curve horizontal L DC Ra R V T++--=].[tan 819.27)/3032(69.10085gent L R V T +-= Jessen2001America][00239.0614.0279.080.86185LSD ADT G V V P --+=][00212.0432.010.7285NLSD ADT V V P -+=Donnell2001 America22)2(8500724.040.10140.04.78T L G R V --+=22)3(85008369.048.10176.01.75T L G R V --+=22)4(8500810.069.10176.05.74T L G R V --+=22)5(8500934.008.21.83T L G V --=BucchiA.BiasuzziK. And SimoneA.2005Italy DCV 124.0164.6685-= DCE V 4.046.3366.5585--=2855.035.1119.0745.65DC E DC V ---=FitzpatrickAmericaKV 98.17507.11185-= Meanwhile, there are other vehicles driving rules such as speed limit in adverseweather conditions. This rule can improve the safety factor of the vehicle to some extent. At the same time, it limits the speed at the different levels.7. Reference[1] M. Rickert, K. Nagel, M. Schreckenberg, A. Latour, Two lane trafficsimulations using cellular automata, Physica A 231 (1996) 534–550.[20] J.T. Fokkema, Lakshmi Dhevi, Tamil Nadu Traffi c Management and Control inIntelligent Vehicle Highway Systems,18(2009).[21] Yang Li, New Variable Speed Control Approach for Freeway. (2011) 1-66。
数学建模美赛论文格式中文版Word版
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数学建模美国赛论文常用句式总结
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We give the criterion that ...我们给出了...的判别标准According to the criterion of...根据...的标准So its expression can be derived from equation (3) with small change.所以它的表达式可以由方程3做微小改动而推出。
美赛一等奖论文-中文翻译版
目录问题回顾 (3)问题分析： (4)模型假设： (6)符号定义 (7)4.1---------- (8)4.2 有热水输入的温度变化模型 (17)4.2.1模型假设与定义 (17)4.2.2 模型的建立The establishment of the model (18)4.2.3 模型求解 (19)4.3 有人存在的温度变化模型Temperature model of human presence (21)4.3.1 模型影响因素的讨论Discussion influencing factors of the model (21)4.3.2模型的建立 (25)4.3.3 Solving model (29)5.1 优化目标的确定 (29)5.2 约束条件的确定 (31)5.3模型的求解 (32)5.4 泡泡剂的影响 (35)5.5 灵敏度的分析 (35)8 non-technical explanation of the bathtub (37)Sｕmｍary人们经常在充满热水的浴缸里得到清洁和放松。
本文针对只有一个简单的热水龙头的浴缸，建立一个多目标优化模型，通过调整水龙头流量大小和流入水的温度来使整个泡澡过程浴缸内水温维持基本恒定且不会浪费太多水。
首先分析浴缸中水温度变化的具体情况。
根据能量转移的特点将浴缸中的热量损失分为两类情况:沿浴缸四壁和底面向空气中丧失的热量根据傅里叶导热定律求出；沿水面丧失的热量根据水由液态变为气态的焓变求出。
因涉及的参数过多,将系数进行回归分析的得到一个一元二次函数。
结合两类热量建立了温度关于时间的微分方程。
加入阻滞因子考虑环境温湿度升高对水温的影响,最后得到水温度随时间的变化规律(见图＊*)。
优化模型考虑保持水龙头匀速流入热水的情况。
将过程分为浴缸未加满和浴缸加满而水从排水口溢出的两种情况，根据能量守恒定律优化上述微分方程,建立一个有热源的情况下水的温度随时间变化的分段模型，（见图*＊)接下来考虑人在浴缸中对水温的影响。
05年美国大学生数学建模竞赛A题特等奖论文翻译
在每一时刻流出水的体积等于裂口的面积乘以水的速率乘以时间：
h h Vwater leaeing = wbreach (
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dam
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leaving ttime
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其中：V 是体积， w 是宽度， h 是高度， s 是速度， t 是时间。
我们假设该湖是一个大的直边贮槽，所以当水的高度确定时，其面积不改变。 这意味着，湖的高度等于体积除以面积
在南卡罗莱那州的中央，一个湖被一个 75 年的土坝抑制。如果大坝被地震破坏 将会发生什么事？这个担心是基于1886年发生在查尔斯顿的一场地震,科学家们 相信它里氏7.3级[联邦能源管理委员会2002]。断层线的位置几乎直接在穆雷湖 底(SCIway 2000;1997，1998年南CarolinaGeological调查)和在这个地区小地震 的频率迫使当局考虑这样一个灾难的后果。
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ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
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这里的上层指数表示时间和较低的空间， λ 是时间与空间步长的大小的比值。
（我们的模型转换以距离和时间做模型的单位，因此每个步长为 1）。第二个条 件的作用是受潮尖峰，因为它看起来不同并补偿于在每个点的任一边上的点。
我们发现该模型对粗糙度参数 n 高度敏感（注意，这是只在通道中的有效粗 糙度）。当 n 很大（即使在大河流的标准值 0.03）。对水流 和洪水堆积的倾向有 较高的抗拒，这将导致过量的陡水深资料，而且往往使模型崩溃。幸运的是，我
我们的任务是预测沿着Saluda河从湖穆雷大坝到哥伦比亚的水位变化，如果 发生了1886年相同规模的地震破坏了大坝。特别是支流罗尔斯溪会回流多远和哥 伦比亚南卡罗来纳州的州议会大厦附近的水位会多高。
2012美国数学建模大赛二等奖论文及格式——英文版
Dedicated Pipeline for Trip ArrangementSummaryIn the problem of camping, we should set reasonable schedule which can not only increase the utilization of campsites but also meet people's needs. Meanwhile, the carrying capacity of the river is also required. To solve the problem, this thesis will build optimization model with maximum campsite's utilization and river trips as the model's target function.The specific steps are as follows:step1: Determine the number of campsites Y. We use Computer Emulation Simulation to solve this problem by making full use of the given conditions that trips will spend6 to 18 nights on the river and the river is 225 miles long. We get 29 sets of data through programming, then curve fitting them by SPSS software. By comparing the value of sig. and adjusting R square and so on, the ideal number of the campsites is got .Step2: By using the number of the campsites 39 as well as the goal programming equation built in the first step, we get the number of river trips that are allowed to enter, namely the carrying capacity of the river.Step3: By using the campsites 39, we adjust the campsites of different camping program and then divide them into 4 kinds through clustering analysis using SPSS. Then we select representatives in various types of camping programs according to repetition rate and the average transfer rate. So we streamline the camping programs into the problem of goal programming for 6, 8, 11, 12, 16 nights.Step4: In those five camping programs, 39 campsites which will not repeat are distributed in 3 dedicated pipelines . The first line accounts for 12 campsites and can only be available for 6 or 12 nights trip. Each day, a couple of 6 nights trips are distributed, and the starting trip camps the campsites in turn according to the even number of the pipeline while the secondary trip camps in turn according to the odd number. The second pipeline accounting for 16 campsites is arranged just as the first one .Under the premise of guaranteeing the variety of camping project, trips start as a pipeline to make the total number of trips camping in this line the biggest and the utilization of the campsites maximum. There are 11 campsites in the third pipeline which are available for 6 to 11 nights trip.According to the above analysis, the carrying capacity of Dedicated Pipeline, namely C_line, is less than that of the river, namely C_river, within 180 days. the park managers need to grasp passenger flow(P) of the river in the following period(T) and calculate P/( C_line/T)The best distribution program: the best utirlization of campsites is P/( C_line/T) in one period.According to the best utilization of campsites, The best distribution program can be got.Key words: Cluster Analysis, Bus Rapid, Transit Pipeline System, Curve Fitting , Computer Emulation SimulationContentsI. Introduction (3)1.1Restatement of the problem (3)1.2 Theory knowledge introduction (3)II. Definitions and Key terms (4)1，The conditions given (4)2，Symbol definition (4)III. General Assumptions (4)IV Model Design (5)4.1Model Establishment (5)4.2 Model Solution (6)4.2.1.To determine Y (6)4.2.1 To Determine the Camping program (11)4.2.3 To find capacity of the river (15)4.2.3 Determine Dedicated Pipeline (15)4.3 Strength and Weakness............................................................. 错误！未定义书签。
美赛格式翻译
2015年美国数学建模要求Your Paper's TitleStarts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica(Arial) 14论文的题目从这里开始：用Helvetica (Arial)14号FULL First Author1, a, FULLSecond Author2,b and Last Author3,c第一第二第三作者的全名1Fulladdress of first author, including country第一作者的地址全名，包括国家2Fulladdress of second author, including country第二作者的地址全名，包括国家3Listall distinct addresses in the same way第三作者同上aemail,bemail, cemail第一第二第三作者的邮箱地址1．文章标题居中用宋体14 2．第一/第二/第三作者宋体143．第一作者详细地址，包括国家，电子邮件（宋体11），第二第三作者一样4．关键词：文章涵盖你论文中的关键词。
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美赛e题优秀论文翻译
美赛e题优秀论文翻译E题中文翻译：问题E：需要可持续城市！背景：许多社区正在实施智能增长计划，以考虑长期，可持续的规划目标。
“聪明的成长是关于帮助每个城镇和城市变得更加经济繁荣，社会公平和环境可持续的生活地方。
”[2]智能增长的重点是建设拥抱可持续发展的城市 - 经济繁荣，社会公平，环境可持续。
这个任务比以往任何时候都重要，因为世界正在迅速城市化。
预计到2050年，世界人口的66％将是城市人口 - 这将导致25亿人口被纳入城市人口。
[3]因此，城市规划变得越来越重要和必要，以确保人们获得公平和可持续的家园，资源和就业机会。
智能增长是一种城市规划理论，起源于1990年代，作为遏制城市持续蔓延和减少城市中心周围农田损失的手段。
智能增长的十大原则是[4]1混合土地利用2利用紧凑的建筑设计3创造一系列住房机会和选择4创建可步行的社区5培养独特的，有吸引力的社区，具有强烈的地方感6保留开放空间，农田，自然美景和关键环境区域7加强和指导现有社区的发展8提供多种交通选择9使开发决策具有可预测性，公平性和成本效益10鼓励社区和利益相关者在发展决策中进行合作这些广泛的原则必须适应社区的独特需求，才能有效。
因此，任何成功的衡量都必须包括一个城市的人口统计，增长需求和地理条件，以及坚持三个E的目标。
任务：国际城市管理集团（ICM）需要您帮助实施智能增长理论到世界各地的城市设计。
在两个不同的大陆选择两个中型城市（人口在10万和50万之间的任何城市）。
1.定义衡量城市智能增长成功率的指标。
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支持您为什么根据您的城市的地理位置，预期增长率和经济机会选择您的计划的组件和计划。
使用您的指标评估您的智能增长计划的成功。
2013美国大学生数学建模论文终稿
本文建立了三个模型(model)，模型一（model 1 ）用于解释不同形状的pan（从矩形到圆形中的任一形状）在其外围边沿的热量分布（原文：the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes --rectangular to circular and other shapes in between ），模型二用于在一定条件下选取最优形状的pan（the best type of pan (shape)），第三个模型为对问题一、二的优化（optimize（ .））方案。
In this paper, we formulate 3 relevant models. Through model 1, we display the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan for pans of different shapes -rectangular to circular and other shapes in between. While in model 2, we can select out the best type of pan in certain condition. Optimize a combination of model 1 and 2, then we get model 3.首先对于模型一，我们将求解pan的外沿热量分布（the distribution of heat across the outer edge of a pan ）转化为求解pan所在平面的温度场（temperature field），根据热力学理论（thermodynamic theory ）写出温度分布方程（Temperature distribution function），同时由假设条件（assumed condition）确定方程的初始条件（initial condition）和边界条件（boundary condition），利用Matlab（软件）求其数值解（numerical solution）。
美国大学生数学建模竞赛二等奖论文
美国⼤学⽣数学建模竞赛⼆等奖论⽂The P roblem of R epeater C oordination SummaryThis paper mainly focuses on exploring an optimization scheme to serve all the users in a certain area with the least repeaters.The model is optimized better through changing the power of a repeater and distributing PL tones,frequency pairs /doc/d7df31738e9951e79b8927b4.html ing symmetry principle of Graph Theory and maximum coverage principle,we get the most reasonable scheme.This scheme can help us solve the problem that where we should put the repeaters in general cases.It can be suitable for the problem of irrigation,the location of lights in a square and so on.We construct two mathematical models(a basic model and an improve model)to get the scheme based on the relationship between variables.In the basic model,we set a function model to solve the problem under a condition that assumed.There are two variables:‘p’(standing for the power of the signals that a repeater transmits)and‘µ’(standing for the density of users of the area)in the function model.Assume‘p’fixed in the basic one.And in this situation,we change the function model to a geometric one to solve this problem.Based on the basic model,considering the two variables in the improve model is more reasonable to most situations.Then the conclusion can be drawn through calculation and MATLAB programming.We analysis and discuss what we can do if we build repeaters in mountainous areas further.Finally,we discuss strengths and weaknesses of our models and make necessary recommendations.Key words:repeater maximum coverage density PL tones MATLABContents1.Introduction (3)2.The Description of the Problem (3)2.1What problems we are confronting (3)2.2What we do to solve these problems (3)3.Models (4)3.1Basic model (4)3.1.1Terms,Definitions,and Symbols (4)3.1.2Assumptions (4)3.1.3The Foundation of Model (4)3.1.4Solution and Result (5)3.1.5Analysis of the Result (8)3.1.6Strength and Weakness (8)3.1.7Some Improvement (9)3.2Improve Model (9)3.2.1Extra Symbols (10)Assumptions (10)3.2.2AdditionalAdditionalAssumptions3.2.3The Foundation of Model (10)3.2.4Solution and Result (10)3.2.5Analysis of the Result (13)3.2.6Strength and Weakness (14)4.Conclusions (14)4.1Conclusions of the problem (14)4.2Methods used in our models (14)4.3Application of our models (14)5.Future Work (14)6.References (17)7.Appendix (17)Ⅰ.IntroductionIn order to indicate the origin of the repeater coordination problem,the following background is worth mentioning.With the development of technology and society,communications technology has become much more important,more and more people are involved in this.In order to ensure the quality of the signals of communication,we need to build repeaters which pick up weak signals,amplify them,and retransmit them on a different frequency.But the price of a repeater is very high.And the unnecessary repeaters will cause not only the waste of money and resources,but also the difficulty of maintenance.So there comes a problem that how to reduce the number of unnecessary repeaters in a region.We try to explore an optimized model in this paper.Ⅱ.The Description of the Problem2.1What problems we are confrontingThe signals transmit in the way of line-of-sight as a result of reducing the loss of the energy. As a result of the obstacles they meet and the natural attenuation itself,the signals will become unavailable.So a repeater which just picks up weak signals,amplifies them,and retransmits them on a different frequency is needed.However,repeaters can interfere with one another unless they are far enough apart or transmit on sufficiently separated frequencies.In addition to geographical separation,the“continuous tone-coded squelch system”(CTCSS),sometimes nicknamed“private line”(PL),technology can be used to mitigate interference.This system associates to each repeater a separate PL tone that is transmitted by all users who wish to communicate through that repeater. The PL tone is like a kind of password.Then determine a user according to the so called password and the specific frequency,in other words a user corresponds a PL tone(password)and a specific frequency.Defects in line-of-sight propagation caused by mountainous areas can also influence the radius.2.2What we do to solve these problemsConsidering the problem we are confronting,the spectrum available is145to148MHz,the transmitter frequency in a repeater is either600kHz above or600kHz below the receiver frequency.That is only5users can communicate with others without interferences when there’s noPL.The situation will be much better once we have PL.However the number of users that a repeater can serve is limited.In addition,in a flat area ,the obstacles such as mountains ,buildings don’t need to be taken into account.Taking the natural attenuation itself is reasonable.Now the most important is the radius that the signals transmit.Reducing the radius is a good way once there are more users.With MATLAB and the method of the coverage in Graph Theory,we solve this problem as follows in this paper.Ⅲ.Models3.1Basic model3.1.1Terms,Definitions,and Symbols3.1.2Assumptions●A user corresponds a PLz tone (password)and a specific frequency.●The users in the area are fixed and they are uniform distribution.●The area that a repeater covers is a regular hexagon.The repeater is in the center of the regular hexagon.●In a flat area ,the obstacles such as mountains ,buildings don’t need to be taken into account.We just take the natural attenuation itself into account.●The power of a repeater is fixed.3.1.3The Foundation of ModelAs the number of PLz tones (password)and frequencies is fixed,and a user corresponds a PLz tone (password)and a specific frequency,we can draw the conclusion that a repeater can serve the limited number of users.Thus it is clear that the number of repeaters we need relates to the density symboldescriptionLfsdfminrpµloss of transmission the distance of transmission operating frequency the number of repeaters that we need the power of the signals that a repeater transmits the density of users of the areaof users of the area.The radius of the area that a repeater covers is also related to the ratio of d and the radius of the circular area.And d is related to the power of a repeater.So we get the model of function()min ,r f p µ=If we ignore the density of users,we can get a Geometric model as follows:In a plane which is extended by regular hexagons whose side length are determined,we move a circle until it covers the least regular hexagons.3.1.4Solution and ResultCalculating the relationship between the radius of the circle and the side length of the regular hexagon.[]()()32.4420lg ()20lg Lfs dB d km f MHz =++In the above formula the unit of ’’is .Lfs dB The unit of ’’is .d Km The unit of ‘‘is .f MHz We can conclude that the loss of transmission of radio is decided by operating frequency and the distance of transmission.When or is as times as its former data,will increase f d 2[]Lfs .6dB Then we will solve the problem by using the formula mentioned above.We have already known the operating frequency is to .According to the 145MHz 148MHz actual situation and some authority material ,we assume a system whose transmit power is and receiver sensitivity is .Thus we can conclude that ()1010dBm mW +106.85dBm ?=.Substituting and to the above formula,we can get the Lfs 106.85dBm ?145MHz 148MHz average distance of transmission .()6.4d km =4mile We can learn the radius of the circle is 40mile .So we can conclude the relationship between the circle and the side length of regular hexagon isR=10d.1)The solution of the modelIn order to cover a certain plane with the least regular hexagons,we connect each regular hexagon as the honeycomb.We use A(standing for a figure)covers B(standing for another figure), only when As don’t overlap each other,the number of As we use is the smallest.Figure1According to the Principle of maximum flow of Graph Theory,the better of the symmetry ofthe honeycomb,the bigger area that it covers(Fig1).When the geometric centers of the circle andthe honeycomb which can extend are at one point,extend the honeycomb.Then we can get Fig2,Fig4:Figure2Fig3demos the evenly distribution of users.Figure4Now prove the circle covers the least regular hexagons.Look at Fig5.If we move the circle slightly as the picture,you can see three more regular hexagons are needed.Figure 52)ResultsThe average distance of transmission of the signals that a repeater transmit is 4miles.1000users can be satisfied with 37repeaters founded.3.1.5Analysis of the Result1)The largest number of users that a repeater can serveA user corresponds a PL and a specific frequency.There are 5wave bands and 54different PL tones available.If we call a code include a PL and a specific frequency,there are 54*5=270codes.However each code in two adjacent regular hexagons shouldn’t be the same in case of interfering with each other.In order to have more code available ,we can distribute every3adjacent regular hexagons 90codes each.And that’s the most optimized,because once any of the three regular hexagons have more codes,it will interfere another one in other regular hexagon.2)Identify the rationality of the basic modelNow we considering the influence of the density of users,according to 1),90*37=3330>1000,so here the number of users have no influence on our model.Our model is rationality.3.1.6Strength and Weakness●Strength:In this paper,we use the model of honeycomb-hexagon structure can maximize the use of resources,avoiding some unnecessary interference effectively.It is much more intuitive once we change the function model to the geometric model.●Weakness:Since each hexagon get too close to another one.Once there are somebuildingsor terrain fluctuations between two repeaters,it can lead to the phenomenon that certain areas will have no signals.In addition,users are distributed evenly is not reasonable.The users are moving,for example some people may get a party.3.1.7Some ImprovementAs we all know,the absolute evenly distribution is not exist.So it is necessary to say something about the normal distribution model.The maximum accommodate number of a repeater is 5*54=270.As for the first model,it is impossible that 270users are communicating in a same repeater.Look at Fig 6.If there are N people in the area 1,the maximum number of the area 2to area 7is 3*(270-N).As 37*90=3330is much larger than 1000,our solution is still reasonable to this model.Figure 63.2Improve Model3.2.1Extra SymbolsSigns and definitions indicated above are still valid.Here are some extra signs and definitions.symboldescription Ra the radius of the circular flat area the side length of a regular hexagon3.2.2Additional AdditionalAssumptionsAssumptions ●The radius that of a repeater covers is adjustable here.●In some limited situations,curved shape is equal to straight line.●Assumptions concerning the anterior process are the same as the Basic Model3.2.3The Foundation of ModelThe same as the Basic Model except that:We only consider one variable(p)in the function model of the basic model ;In this model,we consider two varibles(p and µ)of the function model.3.2.4Solution and Result1)SolutionIf there are 10,000users,the number of regular hexagons that we need is at least ,thus according to the the Principle of maximum flow of Graph Theory,the 10000111.1190=result that we draw needed to be extended further.When the side length of the figure is equal to 7Figure 7regular hexagons,there are 127regular hexagons (Fig 7).Assuming the side length of a regular hexagon is ,then the area of a regular hexagon is a .The area of regular hexagons is equal to a circlewhose radiusis 22a =1000090R.Then according to the formula below:.221000090a R π=We can get.9.5858R a =Mapping with MATLAB as below (Fig 8):Figure 82）Improve the model appropriatelyEnlarge two part of the figure above,we can get two figures below (Fig 9and Fig 10):Figure 9AREAFigure 10Look at the figure above,approximatingAREA a rectangle,then obtaining its area to getthe number of users..The length of the rectangle is approximately equal to the side length of the regular hexagon ,athe width of the rectangle is ,thus the area of AREA is ,then R ?*R awe can get the number of users in AREA is()，2**10000 2.06R a R π=????????9.5858R a =As 2.06<<10,000,2.06can be ignored ,so there is no need to set up a repeater in.There are 6suchareas(92,98,104,110,116,122)that can be ignored.At last,the number of repeaters we should set up is,1276121?=2)Get the side length of the regular hexagon of the improved modelThus we can getmile=km 40 4.1729.5858a == 1.6* 6.675a =3)Calculate the power of a repeaterAccording to the formula[]()()32.4420lg ()20lg Lfs dB d km f MHz =++We get32.4420lg 6.67520lg14592.156Los =++=32.4420lg 6.67520lg14892.334Los =++=So we get106.85-92.156=14.694106.85-92.334=14.516As the result in the basic model,we can get the conclusion the power of a repeater is from 14.694mW to 14.516mW.3.2.5Analysis of the ResultAs 10,000users are much more than 1000users,the distribution of the users is more close toevenly distribution.Thus the model is more reasonable than the basic one.More repeaters are built,the utilization of the outside regular hexagon are higher than the former one.3.2.6Strength and Weakness●Strength:The model is more reasonable than the basic one.●Weakness:Repeaters don’t cover all the area,some places may not receive signals.And thefoundation of this model is based on the evenly distribution of the users in the area,if the situation couldn’t be satisfied,the interference of signals will come out.Ⅳ.Conclusions4.1Conclusions of the problem●Generally speaking,the radius of the area that a repeater covers is4miles in our basic model.●Using the model of honeycomb-hexagon structure can maximize the use of resources,avoiding some unnecessary interference effectively.●The minimum number of repeaters necessary to accommodate1,000simultaneous users is37.The minimum number of repeaters necessary to accommodate10,000simultaneoususers is121.●A repeater's coverage radius relates to external environment such as the density of users andobstacles,and it is also determined by the power of the repeater.4.2Methods used in our models●Analysis the problem with MATLAB●the method of the coverage in Graph Theory4.3Application of our models●Choose the ideal address where we set repeater of the mobile phones.●How to irrigate reasonably in agriculture.●How to distribute the lights and the speakers in squares more reasonably.Ⅴ.Future WorkHow we will do if the area is mountainous?5.1The best position of a repeater is the top of the mountain.As the signals are line-of-sight transmission and reception.We must find a place where the signals can transmit from the repeater to users directly.So the top of the mountain is a good place.5.2In mountainous areas,we must increase the number of repeaters.There are three reasons for this problem.One reason is that there will be more obstacles in the mountainous areas. The signals will be attenuated much more quickly than they transmit in flat area.Another reason is that the signals are line-of-sight transmission and reception,we need more repeaters to satisfy this condition.Then look at Fig11and Fig12,and you will know the third reason.It can be clearly seen that hypotenuse is larger than right-angleFig11edge(R>r).Thus the radius will become smaller.In this case more repeaters are needed.Fig125.3In mountainous areas,people may mainly settle in the flat area,so the distribution of users isn’t uniform.5.4There are different altitudes in the mountainous areas.So in order to increase the rate of resources utilization,we can set up the repeaters in different altitudes.5.5However,if there are more repeaters,and some of them are on mountains,more money will be/doc/d7df31738e9951e79b8927b4.html munication companies will need a lot of money to build them,repair them when they don’t work well and so on.As a result,the communication costs will be high.What’s worse,there are places where there are many mountains but few persons. Communication companies reluctant to build repeaters there.But unexpected things often happen in these places.When people are in trouble,they couldn’t communicate well with the outside.So in my opinion,the government should take some measures to solve this problem.5.6Another new method is described as follows(Fig13):since the repeater on high mountains can beFig13Seen easily by people,so the tower which used to transmit and receive signals can be shorter.That is to say,the tower on flat areas can be a little taller..Ⅵ.References[1]YU Fei,YANG Lv-xi,"Effective cooperative scheme based on relay selection",SoutheastUniversity,Nanjing,210096,China[2]YANG Ming,ZHAO Xiao-bo,DI Wei-guo,NAN Bing-xin,"Call Admission Control Policy based on Microcellular",College of Electical and Electronic Engineering,Shijiazhuang Railway Institute,Shijiazhuang Heibei050043,China[3]TIAN Zhisheng,"Analysis of Mechanism of CTCSS Modulation",Shenzhen HYT Co,Shenzhen,518057,China[4]SHANGGUAN Shi-qing,XIN Hao-ran,"Mathematical Modeling in Bass Station Site Selectionwith Lingo Software",China University of Mining And Technology SRES,Xuzhou;Shandong Finance Institute,Jinan Shandon,250014[5]Leif J.Harcke,Kenneth S.Dueker,and David B.Leeson,"Frequency Coordination in the AmateurRadio Emergency ServiceⅦ.AppendixWe use MATLAB to get these pictures,the code is as follows:1-clc;clear all;2-r=1;3-rc=0.7;4-figure;5-axis square6-hold on;7-A=pi/3*[0:6];8-aa=linspace(0,pi*2,80);9-plot(r*exp(i*A),'k','linewidth',2);10-g1=fill(real(r*exp(i*A)),imag(r*exp(i*A)),'k');11-set(g1,'FaceColor',[1,0.5,0])12-g2=fill(real(rc*exp(i*aa)),imag(rc*exp(i*aa)),'k');13-set(g2,'FaceColor',[1,0.5,0],'edgecolor',[1,0.5,0],'EraseMode','x0r')14-text(0,0,'1','fontsize',10);15-Z=0;16-At=pi/6;17-RA=-pi/2;18-N=1;At=-pi/2-pi/3*[0:6];19-for k=1:2;20-Z=Z+sqrt(3)*r*exp(i*pi/6);21-for pp=1:6;22-for p=1:k;23-N=N+1;24-zp=Z+r*exp(i*A);25-zr=Z+rc*exp(i*aa);26-g1=fill(real(zp),imag(zp),'k');27-set(g1,'FaceColor',[1,0.5,0],'edgecolor',[1,0,0]);28-g2=fill(real(zr),imag(zr),'k');29-set(g2,'FaceColor',[1,0.5,0],'edgecolor',[1,0.5,0],'EraseMode',xor';30-text(real(Z),imag(Z),num2str(N),'fontsize',10);31-Z=Z+sqrt(3)*r*exp(i*At(pp));32-end33-end34-end35-ezplot('x^2+y^2=25',[-5,5]);%This is the circular flat area of radius40miles radius 36-xlim([-6,6]*r) 37-ylim([-6.1,6.1]*r)38-axis off;Then change number19”for k=1:2;”to“for k=1:3;”,then we get another picture:Change the original programme number19“for k=1:2;”to“for k=1:4;”,then we get another picture:。
数模美赛论文常常使用辞汇
exclusively专门undobtedly毫无疑问的notable 值得注意的tremedous/significant极大的notion概念definition概念——defineInterpret……as…… 理解……为invoke(+模型援引，引用equation方程式，等式function 因变量——提示符号的含义matrix矩阵，模型constant 常数，常量It requires I t o be a constant for …to be truealgorithm演算方式——a general algorithm 通用算法simplify the algorithm 简化算法we have produced a general algrrithm to solve this tpye of problems.derivative微分，倒数antiderivative 不定积分optimal results 最优结果invesgate the problem from different point of view调查问题——investgation调查survey 调查subproblem 子问题，次要问题——major problem 主要问题metric 气宇标准，指标digit 数字delete some digitselement /component 元素解题思路seek/explore——explore different ideas探索不同的想法we seek to device a new model for solving the problem by exploring the new direction suggested by their investigations.解决方案design/device ——develop/establish/conductBased on our analysis, we design a model for the problem using integral linear programming(线性积分). We then devise a polynominal-time apprximation algorithm to produce near optimal integral linear then device a polynominal-time approximation toWe conduct sensitivity analysis on…to find…xxx analysis is also performed.解决结果tackle/solveWe tackle the problem using the new technique we developed in the previous it is difficult to solve the problem completely, we are able to solve a major subproblem.计划与打算approach/proposeWe approach the problem using the proposed method.We propose a new approach to tackling the problem.词组Based on…以……为基础According to按照Devide …into…——subdivide into细分…is applied to…利用了……模型来……——we apply our model into将咱们的模型运用于Model proves to be efficient in other sports.模型被证明在其他方面有效….,which indicates that………反映了…,which led to the change of…致使了……的转变We…..only to find that..咱们……只是发现了……… doesn’t matter ……是无关的Take…as example/as a case study 举例formulate and justify the assumptions 论述并证明假说design/establish a model设计模型devise an algorithm 设计一个运算法/计算程序carry out numerical simulations 进行数学模拟for our problem a relationship exists that(… 咱们的问题中存在一个关系式，使……we will assume/suppose that…咱们假设……compare with different approaches 与不同的办法相较较There are at least two notions of where the sweet spot should be—an impact location on the bat that either· minimizesthe discomfort to the hands, or· maximizes the outgoing velocity Of the ball.We focus exclusively on the second definition咱们专注于第二种概念We interpret the error of +2 as a normal distribution,.一with standard deviation of 1。
[DOC]-数学建模美赛论文标准格式参考--中英文对照
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[DOC]-数学建模美赛论文标准格式参考--中英文对照数学建模美赛论文标准格式参考--中英文对照Your Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Centeruse Helvetica (Arial) 14论文的题目从这里开始:用Helvetica (Arial)14号FULL First Author1, a, FULL Second Author2,b and Last Author3,c 第一第二第三作者的全名1Full address of first author, including country第一作者的地址全名，包括国家2Full address of second author, including country第二作者的地址全名，包括国家3List all distinct addresses in the same way第三作者同上aemail, bemail, cemail第一第二第三作者的邮箱地址Keywords: List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index.关键字: 列出你论文中的关键词。
这些关键词将会被出版者用作制作一个关键词索引。
For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12论文的其他部分请用Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12号字Abstract. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepareyour camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format(21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in).摘要:这个模板解释和示范供稿技术刊物有限公司时，如何准备你的供相机使用文件。
美国大学生数学建模竞赛优秀论文翻译
优化和评价的收费亭的数量景区简介由於公路出来的第一千九百三十，至今发展十分迅速在全世界逐渐成为骨架的运输系统，以其高速度，承载能力大，运输成本低，具有吸引力的旅游方便，减少交通堵塞。
以下的快速传播的公路，相应的管理收费站设置支付和公路条件的改善公路和收费广场。
然而，随着越来越多的人口密度和产业基地，公路如花园州公园大道的经验严重交通挤塞收费广场在高峰时间。
事实上，这是共同经历长时间的延误甚至在非赶这两小时收费广场。
在进入收费广场的车流量，球迷的较大的收费亭的数量，而当离开收费广场，川流不息的车辆需挤缩到的车道数的数量相等的车道收费广场前。
因此，当交通繁忙时，拥堵现象发生在从收费广场。
当交通非常拥挤，阻塞也会在进入收费广场因为所需要的时间为每个车辆付通行费。
因此，这是可取的，以尽量减少车辆烦恼限制数额收费广场引起的交通混乱。
良好的设计，这些系统可以产生重大影响的有效利用的基础设施，并有助于提高居民的生活水平。
通常，一个更大的收费亭的数量提供的数量比进入收费广场的道路。
事实上，高速公路收费广场和停车场出入口广场构成了一个独特的类型的运输系统，需要具体分析时，试图了解他们的工作和他们之间的互动与其他巷道组成部分。
一方面，这些设施是一个最有效的手段收集用户收费或者停车服务或对道路，桥梁，隧道。
另一方面，收费广场产生不利影响的吞吐量或设施的服务能力。
收费广场的不利影响是特别明显时，通常是重交通。
其目标模式是保证收费广场可以处理交通流没有任何问题。
车辆安全通行费广场也是一个重要的问题，如无障碍的收费广场。
封锁交通流应尽量避免。
模型的目标是确定最优的收费亭的数量的基础上进行合理的优化准则。
主要原因是拥挤的随着经济的发展，交通系统逐渐形成和完善自己。
不同种类的车辆已迅速改善的数量，质量，速度，和类型。
为了支付维修费用的高速公路，收费站系统的建立。
然而，费时费给我们带来的拥塞，高度增加烦恼的司机。
一般来说，在收费亭的数量大于数量的车道。
美赛论文模板(中文版)
For office use onlyT1________________ T2________________ T3________________ T4________________Team Control Number 26282Problem ChosenAFor office use onlyF1________________F2________________F3________________F4________________2014 Mathematical Contest in Modeling (MCM) Summary Sheet (Attach a copy of this page to your solution paper.)1.Introduction近年来，世界上的交通拥堵问题越来越严重，严重的交通拥堵问题引发了人们的对现行交通规则的思考。
在汽车驾驶规则是右侧的国家多车道高速公路经常遵循除非超车否则靠右行驶的交通规则，那么这个交通规则是否能够对交通拥堵起着什么作用呢？在汽车驾驶规则是右侧的国家多车道高速公路经常遵循以下原则：司机必须在最右侧驾驶，除非他们正在超车，超车时必须先移到左侧车道在超车后再返回。
根据这个规则，在美国单向的3车道高速公路上，最左侧的车道是超车道，这条车道的目的就是超车。
现在我们提出了4个问题：1、什么是低负荷和高负荷，如何界定他们？2、这条规则在提升车流量的方面是否有效？3、这条规则在安全问题上所起的作用？4、这条规则对速度的限制？1.1 Survey of Previous Research1.2 Restatement of the problem本题需要我们建立一个数学模型对这个规则进行评价。
我们需要解决的问题如下：●什么是低负荷和高负荷，如何界定他们？●这条规则在提升车流量的方面是否有效？●这条规则在安全问题上所起的作用？●这条规则对速度的限制？●对于靠左行的规则，该模型能否可以使用？？（待定）●如果交通运输完全在智能系统的控制下，会怎样影响建立的模型？针对以上问题，我们的解题思路和方法如下所示：◆我们根据交通密度对低负荷和高负荷进行界定，交通密度是指：在某时刻，每单位道路长度内一条道路的车辆数。
数学建模英语论文格式1
英语论文的格式统一为：使用Word 6.0及以上文字处理软件；正文字体Times New Roman，字号12P，版心22cm高×16cm宽（页码在外），A4幅面，每页32行（不含页码）。
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正文字数为英语4000词，指规定版心、字号和行距的最多字数（含段落空白）例文格式如下：Preliminary Study On Growth Of Retusa Boenensis （题目Arail black字体4 号，居中，文学作品名用斜体）Chen MoumouWeiNan Branch of Shaanxi Radio and TV Unversity.[Abstract] This paper report out the growth characteristics of Retusa boenesis. Deal with the measure and obervation on the Retusa boenesis made during the period from 2001.7 and 2002.3 to 2002.5 in mud shoal at Daishan Zhejiang.Then know Restua bonenesis’s growth period is one year, during March to May , it grow fastest. On March , the most of Retusa boenensis is 7mm high, on May, the shell height grow to 11mm average.During this period , its average ……（摘要一词Arail字体小四，同上面三项之间空一行，内容用Times New Roman字体小四）[Keywodes]：Retusa boenesis Growth（关键词这个词Arail字体小四，关键词内容Times New Roman字体用小四，每词之间空四格,摘要与关键词之间空一行）正文字体Times New Roman，字号12P，版心22cm高×16cm 宽（页码在外），A4幅面，每页32行（不含页码）。
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脚注脚注应该单独放置并且和正文分开理想地情况下，脚注应该出现在参考文献页，并且放在文章的末尾，和正文用分割线分开。
表格表格(如表一，表二，...)应该放在正文当中，是正文的一部分，但是，要避免文本混乱。
一个描述性的表格标题要放在图表的下方。
标题应该独立的放在表格的下方或旁边。
表中的单位应放在中括号中[兆伏]如果中括号不可用，需使用大括号{兆}或小括号(兆)。
Figures. Figures (refer with: Fig. 1, Fig. 2, ...) also should be presented as part of the text, leaving enough space so that the capt-ion will not be confused with the text. The caption should be self-contained and placed below or beside the figure. Generally, only original drawings or photographic reproductions are acceptable. Only very good photocopiesare acceptable. Utmost care must be taken to insertthefiguresincorrectalignmentwiththetext. Half-tone pictures should be in the form of glossy prints. If possible, please include your figures as graphic images in the electronic version. If TTP is required to scan and insert images, please keep the following points in mind:(a) the allotted space (for inserting illustrations) must exactly match the space made available in the camera-ready version, so that the electronic version is identical to the hard copy with regard to page and line breaks.(b) the required positioning of any high-quality separate illustration must be clearly indicated on its reverse side. The size of the illustrations must exactly match the space left in the camera-ready manuscript.图图形(如图一，图二，...)也是正文的一部分，需要留出足够的空间以防文本混乱。
标题应该独立的放在图表的下方或旁边。
一般来说，只接受普通画图和再生照相技术。