对外经贸大学跨文化交际导论期末考试题
跨文化交际导论(含答案)
对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院2009-2010学年第二学期跨文化交际导论(英) 复习大纲课程名称: ENG338a【跨文化交际导论(英)】考核方式: 开卷笔试[占总分的70%]复习范围：以指定教材（第1-9章）为主，课件内容为辅。
试题形式：客观试题50 题，每题2分，题型共三种形式：I. Definition Matching.Match the terms with their definitions. （给术语配对定义，10题，1题2分，共20分）II． True-False. Circle A if the statement is true; circle B if it is false. （判断各句是否正确，20题，1题2分，共40分）III. Multiple Choice. Circle the letter corresponding to the correct response. （在所给的4个选项中选择一个最恰当的答案，20题，1题2分，共40分）复习方法：●认真学习指定教材，结合课件的教学内容，全面复习，从总体上掌握这门跨学科课程的特点；●理解各讲中的主要教学内容，即每讲开始前的Learning Objectives，不要死记硬背，重理解、勤思考、细观察，从跨文化交际的角度对文化差异进行分析、记忆、总结；●要力图将跨文化交际理论与交往实践相结合，将西方文化交际的理论与实践与中国的本土文化相结合，通过大量真实生动的交际的成败案例的学习，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力；●参考指定教材各章后的练习以及书后附的两套模拟自测题，术语定义配对题、是非题和多项选择题可帮助复习检验对所学内容熟悉的掌握程度，熟悉客观题型，问答题和案例有助于进一步理解。
跨文化交际导论课程期末考试模拟题（答案供参考）Ⅰ. Match the following terms with their definition. （20%）1.the study of the way that people use physical space to convey messages. B2.the way in which time is used in a culture. A3.the actual practice of concepts or beliefs. E4.the total activity of learning one's culture. C5.social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. DA.Temporal language/chronemicsB.Behavior communicationC.Spatial language/proxemicsD.EnculturationE.Values6. between nations and governments rather than individuals A7. perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities C8. a learned organization of rules for making choices and for solving conflicts B9. volume, pitch, and rate that affects message meaning E10. the idea that every act of communication must happen in some sort of surroundings DA.internationalB.contextC.valueD.stereotypesE.paralanguageⅡ.True or FalseMark A if the statement is true; mark B if it is false.11.When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussing one'sfamily and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. B12.Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding words andsentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A13.Since all cultures share the same basic values, cultures attach the same meanings to thesebasic values. B14.Primary values are the most important. A15.Some countries officially recognize religious rituals that affect business encounters. A16.People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not like change ascompared with people of Asian and Latin cultures. B17.The behavior of John lying in bed and reading a novel is a two-way contact. B18.Linear Model is one of the earliest and still the most useful attempts to describe thecommunication process A19.International communication takes place between such groups as African Americans andLatin Americans. B20.Intercultural communication as a discipline was not established in U.S. until the 1980s. A21.Without the cultural rules people also can behave properly. B22.Culture is not something we are born with, but rather it is learned. A23.Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of any culture. B24.In Germany, business gifts are usually exchanged at the beginning of formal negotiations.A25.New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the globaleconomic arena have increased globalization. A26.No country is completely self-sufficient. A27.All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which the politeness is achievedmay vary significantly. A28.International English is used only by businesspeople who practice English as a secondlanguage. B29.International communication takes place between such groups as African Americans andLatin Americans. B30.The process of learning culture is always conscious. B31.Ethnocentrism leads to a objective evaluation of how another culture conducts its dailybusiness. A32.The hierarchy is a theory has not been proven applicable to all the countries. A33.Cultures may differ, but communication practices do not differ. B34.Culture is ongoing and subject to change. A35.The term “co-cultures” suggests the inequal ity between groups. B36.Chinese is an example of linear language. Amunication barriers are caused by the same communication having different meanings indifferent cultures. B38.New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the globaleconomic arena have increased globalization. A39.Power distance in the United States is comparatively high. B40.Pragmatic failure is the inability to understand what is meant by what is said. A41.Values motivate people. A42.Attitudes are the same thing as values. A43.Eventually, with the spread of technology everyone will have the same values. B44.In order to understand a culture's values, you need only to learn the "do's and taboos" of behavior in that culture. A45.Social class is unimportant in negotiator selection. B46. Relationship building is important in Arab and Latin America. A47. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed through material possessions. B48. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn their own culture through what is said and done. A48. Consumers in high uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to perceive little or no risk in the purchase of new products . A49. Intercultural communication competence requires sufficient awareness, knowledge, motivations, and skills. A50. Values are enduring attitudes about the preferability of one belief over another. B51. Cultures are so different that we will never be able to communicatesuccessfully. B52. Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding words andsentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A53. Today intercultural communication encounters are different from encountersof the past. A54. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and pastevents, but they may not feel that this distinction is important enough to createa system of verb tense. A55. Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of anyculture. B56. Values are learned; they are not innate. A57. Long-term-oriented cultures are characterized by patience, perseverance, and respect forone’s elders and ancestors. A58. Nonverbal aspects are very important in low-context cultures. B59. When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussingone's family and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. A60. Chinese is an example of a linear language. B61. Language serves as the only guide to how a culture perceives reality. A61. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and past events, but they maynot feel that this distinction is important enough to create a system of verb tense. A 62. Globalization is the ability of a corporation to take a product and market it anywhere in theworld. A63. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide for a win-losesituation. A64. In some countries, using gifts to assure success in sealing an agreement is an accepted way ofdoing business. B65. As they become globalized, companies will have to train their work forces to deal with multiculturality. A66. People from countries with strong uncertainty avoidance are more likely to remain closefriends in spite of differing opinions. B66. Even if the language is common to both cultures, one culture may restrict the meaning of certain words. A67. In their business letters, the French do not usually apologize for mistakes. A68. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed throughmaterial possessions. B69. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn the ir own culturethrough what is said and done. A70. In the Japanese society, knowing the rank of people with whom you conduct business is veryimportant. A、Ⅲ. Multiple ChoicesMark the letter corresponding to the correct response. C1. What country ranks the lowest on individualism?A.AustraliaB. CanadaC.GuatemalaD. United States2.Proponents of which attitude feel that self-interest is an appropriate goal? CA.Uncertainty-reductionB. AttributionC. IndividualismD. Collectivism3. Language is important because it AA.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.B. allows us to be understood by foreigners.C.is determined by colonialism.D.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.4. Which of the following countries uses high-context language? CA.CanadaB. GermanyC.JapanD. United States5. Which one of the following statements is not among the functions of culture offered by Dressler and Carns? CA.Culture makes it possible to anticipate how others in our society are likely to respond toour actions.B.Culture enables us to communicate with others through a language that we have learnedand that we share in common.C.Culture leads to better understanding in business.D.Culture provides the knowledge and skill necessary for meeting sustenance needs.6. Culture can be classified in all the following ways except Ba)Artifact, concepts and behaviorb)Positive culture and negative culturec) A level of values and a level of resultant behaviour or artifacts of some formd)An invisible level and a visible level7. "The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect in the button causingit not to fit into the chassis." This statement is an example of a DA.linear explanation.B.verbose explanation.C.nonlinear explanation.D.why explanation.8. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem? Ding the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the translation.B.Qualifying slang terms.C.Not translating conversation taboos.ing a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the second language.9.Which of the following greeting way is somewhat unique to Chinese? BA. Giving regards to others.B. Commenting on something.C. Using address forms as greeting.D. Using nonverbal forms as greeting.10.The styles of paragraph development for oriental countries could be described as DA. a vertical straight line.B. zigzagged lines.C. a circular, spiral lineD. a digressive, back-and-forth zigzag.11. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect? CA. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.B. Thought patterns impact oral communication.C.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts and goes togeneralizations.D. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with differentcultures.12. Which statement is incorrect? BA. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of anotherculture's nonverbal communication patterns.B. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.C. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.D. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch the behavior ofthe persons you are talking with and match their style.13.People of which type of society believe their truth is the only truth? AA.IndividualisticB. Strong-uncertainty avoidanceC.CollectivisticD.Weak-uncertainty avoidance14.What we are willing to die for and what we deem worthy of protection is determined byour ___? BA.belief systemB.value systemC.attitude processesD.social organizations15. Slang is generally DA.understood by everyone.B.spoken by the masses.C.easily translated.ed by subgroups.16. Nonverbal communication does not include DA. chromatics.B. chronemics.C. haptics.D. semantics.17. As a result of globalization, new issues facing corporations include DA.cultural differences in work ethicsB.stereotyping by members of international teamsC.personnel who are overqualified for overseas positionsD. a & b18. The classic The Silent Language published in 1959, was written by DA.KluckhohnB.BenedictC.MeadD.Edward Hall19. Which of the following has occurred due to advances in technology? BA.People are beginning to spend more time with family members.B.The number of relationships we have with people have decreased.C.People have more frequent contact with people from other cultures.D.People are gaining a clearer sense of who they really are.20. It is important to study intercultural communication because CA. it is a necessary and worthwhile pursuit.B. most people are more alike than they realize.C. cultural differences bring people together.D. intercultural communication is subjective.21. ______ are the most important. AA. Primary valuesB.Secondary valuesC.Tertiary valuesD.None of the above22. In cultures that tend toward individualism, what aspects are encouraged? DA. competitionB.personal goalsC.individual rightsD.all of the above23. We learn culture DA.from folk tales, legends and mythsB.in conscious or unconscious waysC.through art and mass mediaD.all of the above24. Which statement least represents U.S. values? CA. U.S. Americans value directness over indirectness.B. U.S. Americans value time management over leisure.C. U.S. Americans value history over planning for the future.D.U.S. Americans value equality over inequality.25. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance? DA.One group's truth should not be imposed on others.B.Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.C.Citizen protest should be repressed.D.Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people26. Which time orientation is held by cultures that value living and realizing the potential of today? CA.past orientation to timeB.immutable orientation to timeC.present orientation to timeD.mutable orientation to time27. Which of the following value orientations emerged from the Chinese research team? AA.long-term versus short-term orientationB.masculinity/femininity orientationC.preferred form of activity orientationD.uncertainty avoidance orientation28. The notions of masculinity and femininity BA.are universal for every culture across time.B.are not just based on biological differences.C.have not changed through the ages.D.have well-established and understood meanings.29. From what areas of the world do most of today's immigrants to the United States come? D and Latin AmericaB.Mexico and Eastern EuropeC.Haiti and ChinaD.Eastern Europe and the Middle East30. The China Association for Intercultural Communication is held ______. BA. once a yearB. every two yearsC. every three yearsD. every four years31. Who of the following would feel most comfortable with silence during a conversation? Amanager from _____. CE.the United StatesF.GermanyG.Great BritainH.Japan32 Which statement related to work attitudes is incorrect? AA.U.S. attitudes toward work are more relaxed than those in Europe.B.In the United States, hard work is applauded and often rewarded.C.The Japanese attitude toward work is very group-oriented.D.In the United States, the attitude toward work is ingrained from an early age.33. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect? DA.The structure of a language affects the perceptions of reality of its speakersB.The structure of a language influences thought patterns and worldviews of its speakersnguage functions as a way of shaping one’s experienceD.There is a general agreement concerning the validity of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis34. Which statement is incorrect? Dnguage is a reflection of the environmentnguage is reflection of cultural valuesnguage is a reflection of culture, and culture is a reflection of language.D. A good mastering of a foreign language equals a complete understanding of its culture.35. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect? Ca. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.b. Thought patterns impact oral communication.c.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts and goesto generalizations.d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with differentcultures.36. Which statement is incorrect? Ba. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of anotherculture's nonverbal communication patterns.b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.c.Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.d.When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch thebehavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.37. Language is important because it Aa.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.b.allows us to be understood by foreigners.c.is determined by colonialism.d.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.38. Which of the following countries uses high-context language? DB.CanadaC.GermanyD.JapanE.United States39. Slang is generally HE.understood by everyone.F.spoken by the masses.G.easily translated.ed by subgroups.40. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from another culture includeall of the following except: Ca. politics is a safe topic in most cultures.b. avoid telling jokes.c. avoid personal questions.d. keep the conversation positive.41. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake? Ca. In the U.S., a handshake should be firm.b. An Asian handshake is usually gentle.c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and departure.d. A British handshake is firm and repeated frequently.42. Language is important because it Ee.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.f.allows us to be understood by foreigners.g.is determined by colonialism.h.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.43. Which of the following countries uses high-context language? AF.CanadaG.GermanyH.JapanI.United States44. Slang is generally LI.understood by everyone.J.spoken by the masses.K.easily translated.ed by subgroups.45. Nonverbal communication does not include Da. chromatics.b. chronemics.c.haptics.d. semantics.46. "The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect in the buttoncausing it not to fit into the chassis." This statement is an example of a HE.linear explanation.F.verbose explanation.G.nonlinear explanation.H.why explanation.47. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem? Hing the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the translation.F.Qualifying slang terms.G.Not translating conversation taboos.ing a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the secondlanguage.48. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance? Ba. One group's truth should not be imposed on others.b. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.c. Citizen protest should be repressed.d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.49. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is that Dnguage is just a device for reporting a person's experience.b.two languages can represent the same social reality.c.the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak thelanguage.nguage functions as a way of shaping a person's experience.50. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be alleviated by Da. sending only top executives abroad.b. sending only young, single associates on overseas assignments.c. testing associates to see who is most qualified.d. selecting employees for overseas assignments who possess certain personal andprofessional qualifications.。
跨文化交际期末考试题【新】
跨文化交际期末考试题【新】第一部分：选择题（共20题，每题1分，共20分）1. 当出现语言障碍时，以下哪个是最好的应对策略？A. 用手势和肢体动作来表达自己的意思B. 大声说出自己的观点C. 重复使用相同的单词和短语来帮助理解D. 简化语言使用的复杂度，使用简单易懂的语言2. 对于跨文化交流来说，以下哪种观念是最关键的？A. 遵循自己国家的行为准则B. 尊重不同文化之间的差异C. 强制对方接受自己的文化D. 批判对方的文化习惯3. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种沟通方式是最常用的？A. 肢体语言B. 非语言信息C. 语言信息D. 交流方式4. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观点是最重要的？A. 接受自己的文化习惯B. 批判他人的文化习惯C. 理解他人的文化习惯D. 拒绝他人的文化习惯5. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 活跃的参与B. 语言水平的熟练程度C. 适应当地的礼仪和行为准则D. 强调自己的文化背景6. 以下哪个是一个跨文化交际中最常见的问题？A. 礼貌和礼仪的不同B. 文化差异造成的文化霸权C. 认知差异的沟通问题D. 语言障碍7. 以下哪种服务最适合在跨文化交际中使用？A. 机器翻译服务B. 优先选择专业的口译和翻译服务C. 通过朋友或熟人的介绍寻找帮助D. 利用在线社交媒体解决问题8. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该避免？A. 尊重并遵循当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 试图改变或批判当地的文化习俗C. 沿用自己的文化行为准则D. 关注当地的文化和语言细节9. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 避免使用简单易懂的语言B. 直截了当地表达自己的观点C. 关注当地的非语言行为和信号D. 尝试使用当地的单词和短语10. 当尝试与跨文化背景的人交流时，以下哪种能力是最重要的？A. 语言能力B. 理解当地文化的背景C. 思考和行动的方式D. 批判思维11. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个语言问题最常见？A. 不同的拼写和拼音B. 不同的语法结构和单词含义C. 方言和口音D. 礼仪和交际方式12. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个观念是最必要的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 认为自己的文化优越C. 轻视当地的命令和指示D. 批判当地文化的错误13. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪个事情是至关重要的？A. 去熟悉当地的文化和语言背景B. 寻找机会批判当地的文化习惯C. 坚持自己的文化行为准则D. 放松身心，自然而然的融入当地环境14. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 尊重他人的文化背景B. 没有认真倾听对方的观点C. 关注当地的语言和文化细节D. 对对方的文化行为进行批评和评价15. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种观念是最重要的？A. “我们的文化最好”B. “我们的文化最好，但我们也能接受其他文化”C. “所有文化都有其独特之处，值得尊重和理解”D. “其他文化与我们的文化无关”16. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注和遵守当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 尝试使用当地的语言和单词C. 尊重和理解当地的文化习俗D. 批判和否定当地的文化习俗17. 在一个跨文化交际的场合中，以下哪个应该是最高的优先级？A. 展示自己的文化背景B. 关注当地的语言和文化细节C. 认真倾听对方的观点D. 强调自己优越的文化背景18. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种事情应该被避免？A. 尊重所有人的文化背景B. 批判当地的文化行为C. 关注当地的非语言信号D. 使用当地的语言和单词19. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种技巧是最有用的？A. 尊重当地的文化背景B. 试图改变当地的文化行为准则C. 使用自己的语言和单词D. 关注当地的微妙而又微小的语言和非语言信号20. 在跨文化交际中，以下哪种行为应该被避免？A. 关注当地的礼仪和行为准则B. 忽略当地的迷信和传统信仰C. 尊重当地的宗教和文化背景D. 沿用自己的文化行为准则第二部分：简答题（共5道题，每题4分，共20分）1. 解释什么是文化差异，并列举至少三个文化差异的例子？2. 解释为什么认知差异在跨文化交际中是一个重要的问题，并提供至少三个示例说明不同的认知差异会如何影响跨文化交流?3. 解释什么是非语言沟通，并列举至少三个非语言沟通的例子？4. 解释为什么跨文化交际中的措辞和用词是非常重要的，并提供至少三个示例说明，不同的词语和措辞可能导致文化差异。
跨文化交际导论期末试题(A卷)
leaving children unattended outside cafes is common in Denmark. Pictures were wired to the
订
interpretation.
police showing numerous strollers parked outside cafes while parents were eating inside.
or native language.
8. In an ______ culture, the interest of the individual prevails over the interests of the group.
9. _____ deals with a culture’s most fundamental beliefs about its place in the cosmos, beliefs about
but also to the cotm. Nmounnveicrabtaiol ncobmetmwueneincagtrioonups of diverse cultural identifications.
2. _____ involves first translating into the second language, then translating back into the first
院系 年级 专业
装
language, and then comparing the result to the original.
Danish consulate explained that
3. Human perception is usually thought of as a three-step process of ________, organization, and
跨文化交际期末考试题
跨文化交际期末考试题Ⅰ. Define the following items。
1.c ontext ：P492.n oise: P543.i nterculturalcommunication :communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event。
4.i ndividualism: P995.c ollectivism: P996.h igh—context culture ：P110 a culture in which meaning is not necessarily contained in words. Information is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.7.l ow—context culture :P110 a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.8.v erbal communication ：communication done both orally and in written language 9.n onverbal communication ：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communicationsetting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has potential message value for the source or receiver。
跨文化交际期末考问题及答案
Chinese： To show respect to the other or give
the face to the other
American：Illegal as the child abuse
Warm up
• 2. What is a good friend in Chinese and
mind, you can buy me a red rose to show your apology.” Then the man bought her a rose and they went to a hotel together to study more about the skirt.
What is intercultural communication? What have you learned from this class?
3. Intercultural Communication
• Samovar & Porter
Intercultural communication is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. intercultural communication refers to any communication between two members of any cultural communities.
• Non verbal communication includes those important but unspoken signals that individuals exhibit, specifically: body language (encompassing carriage/posture, appearance, listening, eye contact), hand gestures, and facial expressions. Non-verbal communication makes up the majority of the communication that we engage is, although it isn't always conscious.A very good example is:
对外经贸大学跨文化交际导论期末考试题
对外经贸大学跨文化交际导论期末考试题对外经济贸易大学《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试I.True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is tme orfalse. Write T for "true” and F for “false”.（每题 1 分? 共20 分）1.The tenn “intercultural coniniumcation M was fiist used by Geert Hofstede ill 1959.2? Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" that guides us ill our daily interactions ?3.In most of Afiica, Argentina and Peru, putting one^s index finger to his temple means'You are crazy/4.Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentally organizes yourexperiences and guides your behavior toward a paiticular group of people?5.\alues aie social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a cultme?They are the imiennost “skin of the oniony6.People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect, whereas this may betuiderstood as evading or even insulting in other cultiues?7.Unbuttoning one^s coat is a sign of openness, fi iendliness or willingness to reach anagieement.8.In order for iiitercultiiral negotiation to be successful, the parties must providefor a wiii-lose situation.9.Edward Hall's theory states that the fdur levels embody the total concept of culturelike an onion 一symbols, heroes, rituals, and values?10. Successfill intercultiual business conununication involves knowing the ethnocentrismsof persons in other cultaes. Understanding the mindsets of both oneself and the person of another culture will result in more efficient communication.11? Etlmocentrism is the belief that somebody else，s cultural background、including ways of analyzing problenis, values, beliefs, language, and verbal and non verbalcommunication, is better than our own?12? People ill the United States place a greater emphasis on liistory and do not like change as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultiwes.13.When dealing with German business people, you should avoid jokes and other forms ofhumor during the actual business sessions.14.In the business ciicle, American business people use fii st names immediately.15? Companies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as in Aiab coimtries men may refiise to work with women.16.In Southeast Asia, you should avoid presenting your business card with your right hand17.Wlien accepting a business card, Gennan business people carefiilly look at the card、observe the title and organizatioiL acknowledge with a nod that they have digested the information, and perhaps make arelevant comment or ask a polite question.18.The OK sign may be iiiteipreted as asking for money by Japanese business people.19.Nonverbal communication is important to the study of intercultmal communicationbecause a great deal of nonverbal behavior speaks a universal language.20.In short，iiitercultiiral communication competence requiies sufficient awarenessknowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve intercultmal conmiunication conopetence?II.Tdmskdion: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分?共20 分）1. stereotypes3.etlinocentrism5.high-context culture 7.speech act9.vocal qualifiers 2.paralangiiage4.masculinity6.monochronic time 8.conversation taboos 10.power distance12.偏见14.不确定性回避16.语用错误18.归纳法20.礼仪与礼节III. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer.（每题 1 分，共20分）1? Understanding another cultuie ____________ .a. enables businesspeople to know why foreign associates believe and act as theydob ? is best achieved tlirough “do's and don'ts^ listsc. is important for businesspeople because they can appear to be better informedd. isn't necessary for businesspeople2. Non-liiiear languages ________ .a. are object orientedb ? see time as a continuum of present, past and fiitiirec.are circular, tradition oriented and subjective d. lead to short-range planning in business practices3? Which statement about values is incorivct?a. \alues are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in aculture.b. \alues are learned by contacts with family members, teachers, and religiousleaders.c. "Values will be influenced by what is seen on television or read innewspapers.d. People in various cultiues have basically similar values.4. People from cultiues that follow the monoclironic time system tend toa.do one thing at a time. b. be committed to people.11.译码 13.文化震惊 15.概念意义 17.礼貌原则 19.空间语言c?boiTOW and lend things often.d. build lifetime relationsliips.5? Which statement regarding haptics is incorrect?a.Ill Thailand, it is offensive to touch the head.b.Japan is considered a "don't touch11 culture.c.Greece is considered a ”touch” culture?d.Ill Latin American comitries, touching between men is miacceptable.6. The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly defined privileges is _________ ?a. a view of hierarchical stmcture of social relationshipb. a view of group orientation stmctiue of social relationsliipc. a view of individual orientation stnictiire of social relationshipd.none of the above7? General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from another cultiu e include all of the following except:a.politics is a safe topic in most cultures.b.avoid telling jokes.c.avoid personal questions.d.keep the conversation positive.8.Wliich statement best describes an incorrect handshake?a.Ill the U.S., a handshake should be firm.b? An Asian handshake is usually gentle.c.Germans repeat a bnisque handshake upon anival and departure.d. A British handshake is film and repeated frequently.9.Which statement refeniiig to thouglit patterns is inconvct?/doc/fb7560339.html,ns typically use theinductive method of reasoning.b? Thouglit patterns impact oral conmiunication.c.Wlien using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts andgoes to generalizations.d.Recognizing different thouglit patterns is important in negotiation withdifferent cultxues.10.Which statement is incoiTect?a.Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge ofanother cultured nonverbal conmiimication patterns.b.Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures?c.Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultiiral encounters.d.When in another culture、an appropriate caution would be to watch thebehavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.11 ? Language is important because it ________a.helps us shape concepts, contiols how we think, and controls how we perceiveothers.b.allows us to be understood by foreigners?c.is determined by colonialism?d.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.12.Which of the following comitries uses liigh-context language?a.Canadab.Germanyc.Japand.United States13.Slang is generally _______a.imderstood by everyone.b.spoken by the masses.c.easily translated./doc/fb7560339.html,ed by subgroups?14.Nonverbal conmiunication does not include __________a.chromatics.b.clironemics.c.haptics.d.semantics.15.Dominance, harmony and subjugation are all value orientations that conespond to。
跨文化交际期末考试
跨文化交际期末考试名词解释Unit 1:Economic globalization: the integration of national economic into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.*Barter system: farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money.Global village: all the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the internet.Melting pot: a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities. Culture: a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.Cultural diversity: the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.Communication: meaning to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part to share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.Intercultural communication:communication between people whose cultural perception and symbol systems are distinct enough alter the communication eventComponents of Communication：①Source: The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.②Encoding: Encoding is the process of putting an idea intoa symbol.③Message: The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process ,the verb; the message is the resulting object.④Channel:The term channel is used technical to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.⑤Noise: T he term noise technically refers to anything that the message the source encodes.⑥Receiver: The receiver is the person who attends to the message.⑦Decoding:The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.⑧Receiver response: It refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.⑨Feedback:Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.10．Context: The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes places and which helps define the communication.Pragmatics: the study of effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior. Semantics: the study of the meaning of words.Denotation:the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.Connotation: the suggestive meaning of a word --- all thevalues, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word. the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.Taboo:some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.Euphemism: the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.Unit 5:Chronemics: the study of how people perceive and use time.Monochromic time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.Polychromic time: being involved with many things at once.Proxemics: the perception and use of space.Kinetics: the study of body language.Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.Unit 9:A planetary culture: a culture that integrates eastern mysticism with western science and rationalism.Intercultural person: represents someone whose cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his or her own culture.caseUnit11.What are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village?1）Convenient transportation systems 2）Innovation communication systems3）Economic globalization 4）Widespread migrations2.What are the three aspects where the cultural differences exist?The three aspects where the cultural differences exist are:1)the material and spiritual products people produce2)What they do3)What they think3.What are the three ingredients of culture?1. Artifacts (the material and spiritual products people produce)2. behavior (what they do)3. concepts (beliefs, values, world views…) (what they think)4.How to understand cultural iceberg?What we can see about culture is just the tip of the iceberg, which refers to something changing more rapidly such as clothing, language, gestures etc.The majority of the iceberg is intangible and beyond sight, which refers to something deeply rooted and hard to change such as belief, interpersonal relationship, values, etc.5.What are the characteristic of culture?Culture is shared, learned, dynamic and ethnocentric.Enculturation6.What are the characteristic of communication?Communication is dynamic, irreversible, symbolic, systematic, transactional and contextual.Unit 2-47.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?The Americans tend to address only with given names while the Chinese may use the full name. Even when the full names areused in some formal accessions by the Americans, the given names would be placed before the surname while the Chinese would do the opposite.Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage while the Americans seldom do so.The Chinese tend to address the people with titles but in English only a few occupation or titles could be used.8.How is the Chinese writing style different from the American style?The Chinese employ a circular approach in writing. In this kind indirect writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be ‘turning and turning in a widening gyre.’ The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly.In contrast, the Americans are direct and linear in writing with the factual-inductive pattern. An English expository paragraph usually begins with a topic statement supported by example and illustrations, proceeds, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to all other ideas in the whole essay.9.What are the social functions of compliments?Compliments have a series of social functions: creating or reinforcing solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism, starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment.Unit 510. What are the different features of M-time and P-time?M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation, punctuality and promptness. It features one event at a time and time is perceived as a linear structure. P-time is less rigid and clock-bound. It features several activities at the same time andtime is perceived as more flexible and more human-centered.Unit 611. How is gender different from sex?Sex: biological、permanent、with an individual property.Gender: socially-constructed、varied over time and across cultures、with a social and relational quality.12.What has influenced the gender socialization?According to researchers,there are two primary influences on gender socialization: family communication, particularly between mothers and children, and recreational interaction among children.13. What are the six principles for effective cross-gender communication?1) Suspend judgement; 2) Recognize the validity of different communication styles;3) Provide translation cues. 4) Seek translation cues.5) Enlarge your own communication style. 6) Suspend judgementUnit 914.What are the American/Chinese cultural values like in terms of Cultural Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck? （ppt中的补充内容）As far as the human nature is concerned, American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer nature. They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are future-oriented. They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the problem. They are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the benefits of the group.As far as the human nature is concerned, Chinese cultureholds that it is good but corruptible without proper education. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can live in harmony with nature. They also have a cyclical time concept and therefore they are past-oriented. They have a being-and-becoming attitude towards activity and think that man should keep an inner peace as nothing is eternal. They are quite collective and therefore they focus more on the benefits of the group.)。
跨文化期末考试试题
跨文化期末考试试题# 跨文化期末考试试题## 第一部分：选择题1. 跨文化交流中，以下哪项不是文化适应的策略？- A. 积极学习新文化的语言- B. 避免与不同文化背景的人交流- C. 尊重并理解不同文化的差异- D. 尝试融入新的文化环境2. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个概念指的是不同文化背景下人们的行为和交流方式？- A. 文化冲突- B. 文化适应- C. 文化休克- D. 文化维度3. 根据霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论，以下哪个维度描述了社会对个人成就的重视程度？- A. 权力距离- B. 个人主义与集体主义- C. 男性化与女性化- D. 不确定性回避## 第二部分：简答题1. 简述跨文化能力的重要性，并举例说明在国际商务中如何应用跨文化能力。
2. 解释什么是文化休克，并描述一个人在经历文化休克时可能经历的阶段。
## 第三部分：案例分析题阅读以下案例，并回答问题：案例背景：张华是一家中国公司的市场部经理，最近被派往德国分公司工作。
在德国，他发现同事们在会议中非常直接，经常提出批评意见，这与他在中国的工作经验大相径庭。
问题：1. 张华可能会遇到哪些跨文化沟通的挑战？2. 他可以采取哪些策略来适应德国的工作环境？## 第四部分：论述题在全球化的背景下，跨文化交流变得越来越重要。
请论述跨文化交流在国际关系中的作用，并探讨如何培养个人的跨文化沟通能力。
## 第五部分：写作题请以“跨文化理解在全球化时代的价值”为题，写一篇不少于800字的论文。
论文应包括以下要点：- 跨文化理解的定义和重要性- 全球化对跨文化理解的影响- 个人和组织如何提升跨文化理解能力- 跨文化理解在解决国际冲突中的作用请注意，以上内容仅为示例，实际考试题目可能会有所不同。
考生应根据具体课程内容和教学大纲进行复习和准备。
跨文化交际期末试题及答案
跨文化交际期末试题及答案试题一：1. 跨文化交际的概念是什么？2. 跨文化交际中可能遇到的困难有哪些？如何应对？3. 请列举两个不同文化背景下的沟通误解，并说明产生误解的原因。
4. 如何加强跨文化交际的能力？5. 请描述一次成功的跨文化交际经历，并谈谈你从中学到了什么。
答案如下：1. 跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的个体之间进行信息传递和相互理解的过程。
它涉及到语言、行为、价值观等方面的差异，需要在尊重和理解对方文化的基础上进行有效交流。
2. 在跨文化交际中，可能遇到语言障碍、文化差异导致的误解、价值观冲突等困难。
要应对这些困难，首先需要学习对方的语言，尽量减少语言障碍。
其次，要了解对方文化的特点，避免由于文化差异而引起的误解。
最后，要保持开放心态，尊重不同的价值观，通过倾听和理解来解决潜在的冲突。
3. （1）例子一：在西方国家，直接表达意见被视为开放和直率的表现，但在东方文化中，过于直接的表达会被视为冒犯和不尊重他人。
这种差异可能导致沟通中的误解和冲突。
原因：西方文化注重个人主义和直接表达，而东方文化注重集体主义和含蓄表达。
双方的价值观和文化习惯差异导致了沟通误解。
（2）例子二：在某些非洲国家，左手被视为不洁之手，不可用于触摸或传递物品；而在西方国家，左手并没有特殊的意义。
如果一个西方人无意中用左手递给非洲人物品，可能会被视为不尊重对方的文化。
原因：非洲文化中，左手被认为是不洁的，使用左手被视为不尊重和不礼貌的行为。
而在西方文化中，没有类似的禁忌。
4. 加强跨文化交际的能力需要多方面的努力。
首先，要增加对不同文化背景的了解，包括语言、历史、价值观等方面。
其次，要培养跨文化沟通的敏感性和意识，学会观察和尊重不同文化之间的差异。
此外，多与来自不同文化的人交流，积累经验和技巧，不断提升自己的跨文化交际水平。
5. 描述一次成功的跨文化交际经历，得以学习到很多。
我在一次国际研讨会上结识了一位来自日本的研究者。
跨文化交际导论(含答案)
对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院2010-2011学年第二学期跨文化交际导论(英) 复习大纲课程名称: ENG338a【跨文化交际导论(英)】考核方式: 开卷笔试[占总分的70%]复习范围：以指定教材（第1-9章）为主，课件内容为辅。
试题形式：客观试题50 题，每题2分，题型共三种形式：I. Definition Matching. Match the terms with their definitions. （给术语配对定义，10题，1题2分，共20分）II．True-False. Circle A if the statement is true; circle B if it is false. （判断各句是否正确，20题，1题2分，共40分）III. Multiple Choice.Circle the letter corresponding to the correct response.（在所给的4个选项中选择一个最恰当的答案，20题，1题2分，共40分）>复习方法：认真学习指定教材，结合课件的教学内容，全面复习，从总体上掌握这门跨学科课程的特点；理解各讲中的主要教学内容，即每讲开始前的Learning Objectives，不要死记硬背，重理解、勤思考、细观察，从跨文化交际的角度对文化差异进行分析、记忆、总结；要力图将跨文化交际理论与交往实践相结合，将西方文化交际的理论与实践与中国的本土文化相结合，通过大量真实生动的交际的成败案例的学习，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力；参考指定教材各章后的练习以及书后附的两套模拟自测题，术语定义配对题、是非题和多项选择题可帮助复习检验对所学内容熟悉的掌握程度，熟悉客观题型，问答题和案例有助于进一步理解。
跨文化交际导论课程期末考试模拟题（红色答案来自答疑系统，供参考）*Ⅰ. Match the following terms with their definition. （20%）1.the study of the way that people use physical space to convey messages. C2.the way in which time is used in a culture. A3.the actual practice of concepts or beliefs. B4.the total activity of learning one's culture. D5.social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. EA.Temporal language/ chronemicsB.Behavior communicationC.Spatial language/proxemicsD.EnculturationE.(F.Values6. between nations and governments rather than individuals A7. perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities C8. a learned organization of rules for making choices and for solving conflicts D9. volume, pitch, and rate that affects message meaning E10. the idea that every act of communication must happen in some sort of surroundings BA.internationalB.contextC.valueD./E.stereotypesF.paralanguageⅡ.True or FalseMark A if the statement is true; mark B if it is false.11.When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussingone's family and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. B12.Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding words andsentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A13.Since all cultures share the same basic values, cultures attach the same meanings to thesebasic values. B14.Primary values are the most important. A15.Some countries officially recognize religious rituals that affect business encounters. A16.{17.People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not like change ascompared with people of Asian and Latin cultures. B18.The behavior of John lying in bed and reading a novel is a two-way contact. B19.Linear Model is one of the earliest and still the most useful attempts to describe thecommunication process A20.International communication takes place between such groups as African Americans andLatin Americans. B21.Intercultural communication as a discipline was not established in U.S. until the 1980s. B22.Without the cultural rules people also can behave properly. B23.Culture is not something we are born with, but rather it is learned. A24.Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of any culture. B25.In Germany, business gifts are usually exchanged at the beginning of formal negotiations. B26.New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the globaleconomic arena have increased globalization. A27.^28.No country is completely self-sufficient. A29.All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which the politeness is achievedmay vary significantly. A30.International English is used only by businesspeople who practice English as a secondlanguage. B31.International communication takes place between such groups as African Americans andLatin Americans. B32.The process of learning culture is always conscious. B33.Ethnocentrism leads to a objective evaluation of how another culture conducts its dailybusiness. A34.The hierarchy is a theory has not been proven applicable to all the countries. A35.Cultures may differ, but communication practices do not differ. B36.Culture is ongoing and subject to change. A37.The term “co-cultures” suggests the inequality between grou ps. B38.—39.Chinese is an example of linear language. Amunication barriers are caused by the same communication having different meaningsin different cultures. A41.New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the globa leconomic arena have increased globalization. A42.Power distance in the United States is comparatively high. B43.Pragmatic failure is the inability to understand what is meant by what is said. Amotivate people. Aare the same thing as values. A, with the spread of technology everyone will have the same values. Border to understand a culture's values, you need only to learn the "do's and taboos" of behavior in that culture. Aclass is unimportant in negotiator selection. B（46. Relationship building is important in Arab and Latin America. A47. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed through material possessions. B48. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn their own culture through what is said and done. B48. Consumers in high uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to perceive little or no risk in the purchase of new products.49. Intercultural communication competence requires sufficient awareness, knowledge, motivations, and skills. A50. Values are enduring attitudes about the preferability of one belief over another.51. Cultures are so different that we will never be able to communicatesuccessfully. B52. Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding words andsentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A53. Today intercultural communication encounters are different from encountersof the past. A54. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and pastevents, but they may not feel that this distinction is important enough to create a system of verb tense. A…55. Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of anyculture.B56. Values are learned; they are not innate. A57. Long-term-oriented cultures are characterized by patience, perseverance, and respect forone’s elders and ancestors. A58. Nonverbal aspects are very important in low-context cultures. A59. When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussingone's family and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. B60. Chinese is an example of a linear language. A61. Language serves as the only guide to how a culture perceives reality. B61. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and past events, but theymay not feel that this distinction is important enough to create a system of verb tense.A62. Globalization is the ability of a corporation to take a product and market it anywhere in theworld. A63. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide for a win-losesituation. B…64. In some countries, using gifts to assure success in sealing an agreement is an accepted way ofdoing business. A65. As they become globalized, companies will have to train their work forces to deal with multiculturality. A66. People from countries with strong uncertainty avoidance are more likely to remain closefriends in spite of differing opinions. A66. Even if the language is common to both cultures, one culture may restrict the meaning of certain words. A67. In their business letters, the French do not usually apologize for mistakes. B68. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed throughmaterial possessions. B69. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn their own culturethrough what is said and done. B70. In the Japanese society, knowing the rank of people with whom you conduct business is veryimportant. A}、Ⅲ. Multiple ChoicesMark the letter corresponding to the correct response.1. What country ranks the lowest on individualism CA.AustraliaB. CanadaC.GuatemalaD. United Statesof which attitude feel that self-interest is an appropriate goalA.Uncertainty-reductionB. AttributionC. IndividualismD. Collectivism3. Language is important because it AA.;B.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.B. allows us to be understood by foreigners.C.is determined by colonialism.D.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.4. Which of the following countries uses high-context language CA.CanadaB. GermanyC.JapanD. United States5. Which one of the following statements is not among the functions of culture offered by Dressler and Carns CA.Culture makes it possible to anticipate how others in our society are likely to respond toour actions.B.(C.Culture enables us to communicate with others through a language that we havelearned and that we share in common.D.Culture leads to better understanding in business.E.Culture provides the knowledge and skill necessary for meeting sustenance needs.6. Culture can be classified in all the following ways except Ba)Artifact, concepts and behaviorb)Positive culture and negative culturec) A level of values and a level of resultant behaviour or artifacts of some formd)An invisible level and a visible level7. "The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect in the buttoncausing it not to fit into the chassis." This statement is an example of a DA.linear explanation.B.\C.verbose explanation.D.nonlinear explanation.E.why explanation.8. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem Ding the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the translation.B.Qualifying slang terms.C.Not translating conversation taboos.ing a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the second language. of the following greeting way is somewhat unique to Chinese BA. Giving regards to others.）B. Commenting on something.C. Using address forms as greeting.D. Using nonverbal forms as greeting.styles of paragraph development for oriental countries could be described as DA. a vertical straight line.B. zigzagged lines.C. a circular, spiral lineD. a digressive, back-and-forth zigzag.11. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect CA. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.*B. Thought patterns impact oral communication.C.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts and goesto generalizations.D. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with differentcultures.12. Which statement is incorrect BA. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of anotherculture's nonverbal communication patterns.B. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.C. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.D. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch the behavior ofthe persons you are talking with and match their style.of which type of society believe their truth is the only truthA.~B.IndividualisticB. Strong-uncertainty avoidanceC.C ollectivisticD.Weak-uncertainty avoidancewe are willing to die for and what we deem worthy of protection is determined by our ___ BA.b elief systemB.v alue systemC.a ttitude processesD.social organizations15. Slang is generally DA.*B.understood by everyone.C.spoken by the masses.D.easily translated.ed by subgroups.16. Nonverbal communication does not includeA. chromatics.B. chronemics.C. haptics.D. semantics.17. As a result of globalization, new issues facing corporations includeA.cultural differences in work ethicsB.stereotyping by members of international teamsC.~D.personnel who are overqualified for overseas positionsE. a & b18. The classic The Silent Language published in 1959, was written byA.KluckhohnB.BenedictC.MeadD.Edward Hall19. Which of the following has occurred due to advances in technologyA.People are beginning to spend more time with family members.B.The number of relationships we have with people have decreased.C.]D.People have more frequent contact with people from other cultures.E.People are gaining a clearer sense of who they really are.20. It is important to study intercultural communication becauseA. it is a necessary and worthwhile pursuit.B. most people are more alike than they realize.C. cultural differences bring people together.D. intercultural communication is subjective.21. ______ are the most important. AA. Primary valuesB.Secondary valuesC.;D.Tertiary valuesE.None of the above22. In cultures that tend toward individualism, what aspects are encouraged DA. competitionB.p ersonal goalsC.i ndividual rightsD.all of the above23. We learn culture DA.from folk tales, legends and mythsB.in conscious or unconscious waysC.\D.through art and mass mediaE.all of the above24. Which statement least represents U.S. values CA. . Americans value directness over indirectness.B. . Americans value time management over leisure.C. . Americans value history over planning for the future.Americans value equality over inequality.25. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidanceA.One group's truth should not be imposed on others.B.Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.C.-D.Citizen protest should be repressed.E.Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people26. Which time orientation is held by cultures that value living and realizing the potential of todayCA.past orientation to timeB.immutable orientation to timeC.present orientation to timeD.mutable orientation to time27. Which of the following value orientations emerged from the Chinese research teamA.long-term versus short-term orientationB.masculinity/femininity orientationC.·D.preferred form of activity orientationE.uncertainty avoidance orientation28. The notions of masculinity and femininityA.are universal for every culture across time.B.are not just based on biological differences.C.have not changed through the ages.D.have well-established and understood meanings.29. From what areas of the world do most of today's immigrants to the United States come and Latin AmericaB.Mexico and Eastern EuropeC.·D.Haiti and ChinaE.Eastern Europe and the Middle East30. The China Association for Intercultural Communication is held ______.A. once a yearB. every two yearsC. every three yearsD. every four years31. Who of the following would feel most comfortable with silence during a conversation Amanager from _____. CF.the United StatesG.GermanyH.~I.Great BritainJ.Japan32 Which statement related to work attitudes is incorrect AA.U.S. attitudes toward work are more relaxed than those in Europe.B.In the United States, hard work is applauded and often rewarded.C.The Japanese attitude toward work is very group-oriented.D.In the United States, the attitude toward work is ingrained from an early age.33. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect DA.The structure of a language affects the perceptions of reality of its speakersB.The structure of a language influences thought patterns and worldviews of its speakersC.；nguage functions as a way of shaping one’s experienceE.There is a general agreement concerning the validity of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis34. Which statement is incorrect Dnguage is a reflection of the environmentnguage is reflection of cultural valuesnguage is a reflection of culture, and culture is a reflection of language.D. A good mastering of a foreign language equals a complete understanding of its culture.35. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect Ca. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.b. Thought patterns impact oral communication.·c.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts andgoes to generalizations.d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with differentcultures.36. Which statement is incorrect Ba. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of anotherculture's nonverbal communication patterns.b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.c.Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.d.When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch thebehavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.37. Language is important because it Aa.…b.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.c.allows us to be understood by foreigners.d.is determined by colonialism.e.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.38. Which of the following countries uses high-context language DB.CanadaC.GermanyD.JapanE.United States、39. Slang is generally HF.understood by everyone.G.spoken by the masses.H.easily translated.I.u sed by subgroups.40. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from another cultureinclude all of the following except: ca. politics is a safe topic in most cultures.b. avoid telling jokes.c. avoid personal questions.d. keep the conversation positive.；41. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake ca. In the U.S., a handshake should be firm.b. An Asian handshake is usually gentle.c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and departure.d. A British handshake is firm and repeated frequently.42. Language is important because it ef.h elps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.g.allows us to be understood by foreigners.h.*i.is determined by colonialism.j.i s stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.43. Which of the following countries uses high-context language HF.CanadaG.GermanyH.JapanI.U nited States44. Slang is generally LJ.understood by everyone.K.spoken by the masses.L.{M.e asily translated.ed by subgroups.45. Nonverbal communication does not includea. chromatics.b. chronemics.c.haptics.d.semantics.46. "The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect in the buttoncausing it not to fit into the chassis." This statement is an example of a HF.linear explanation.G.verbose explanation.H.nonlinear explanation.I.w hy explanation.47. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem Hing the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the translation.F.Qualifying slang terms.G.Not translating conversation taboos.ing a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the secondlanguage.48. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidancea. One group's truth should not be imposed on others.b. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.c. Citizen protest should be repressed.d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.49. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is thatnguage is just a device for reporting a person's experience.b.two languages can represent the same social reality.c.the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak thelanguage.nguage functions as a way of shaping a person's experience.50. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be alleviated by Da. sending only top executives abroad.b. sending only young, single associates on overseas assignments.c. testing associates to see who is most qualified.d. selecting employees for overseas assignments who possess certain personal andprofessional qualifications.。
跨文化沟通期末考试题及答案
跨文化沟通期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化沟通中，以下哪项不是文化差异的表现？A. 语言差异B. 饮食习惯C. 宗教信仰D. 个人兴趣答案：D2. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个行为可能被视为不礼貌？A. 握手B. 鞠躬C. 直视对方D. 赠送礼物答案：C3. 跨文化沟通中，以下哪个概念强调了文化对个体行为的影响？A. 个人主义B. 集体主义C. 权力距离D. 所有以上选项答案：D4. 根据霍夫斯泰德的文化维度理论，以下哪个维度不是其分类之一？A. 个人主义与集体主义B. 男性化与女性化C. 长幼有序D. 权力距离答案：C5. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个策略不是有效的沟通策略？A. 保持开放心态B. 避免使用肢体语言C. 尊重文化差异D. 积极倾听答案：B二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 在跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于同一事件或行为的不同理解和解释。
答案：文化相对主义7. 跨文化沟通的障碍之一是_________，即对其他文化持有偏见或刻板印象。
答案：文化偏见8. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化间进行有效交流的能力。
答案：跨文化能力9. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于时间的理解和使用方式。
答案：时间观念10. 跨文化沟通中，_________是指在不同文化背景下，人们对于空间的理解和使用方式。
答案：空间观念三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）11. 简述跨文化沟通中的语言障碍及其克服方法。
答案：语言障碍包括语言差异、非言语沟通差异等。
克服方法包括学习对方的语言、使用简单明了的表达、利用肢体语言辅助沟通、寻求翻译帮助等。
12. 描述跨文化沟通中的文化适应过程。
答案：文化适应过程通常包括四个阶段：蜜月期、文化休克期、调整期和融入期。
在蜜月期，人们对于新文化充满好奇和兴奋；文化休克期则可能感到困惑和挫败；调整期是逐渐适应新文化的过程；最后，在融入期，人们能够自如地在新文化中生活和工作。
跨文化交际期末试题
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。
考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。
待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。
可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。
Test Paper 1Ⅰ. Filling the blanks:1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, thecommunication in the West is low-contextual while that in theEast is high-contextual2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adoptsDualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West followsAnalytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic andconcrete thinking4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West usesDeductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha Gautama, the great figure in Palestine are Hebrew prophets, and the greatthinkers in the West are Plato, Homer and ArchimedesⅡ. Choose the best answer:1.Non-verbal messages are classified into two co mprehensivecategories: those that are primarily produced by the body, suchas_________,________,_______; and those that the individualcombines with the setting, such as _______, _______, _______.DA.physical contact, eye contact, paralanguage; space, time, manB.facial expression, touch, taste; space, time, silenceC.appearance, movement, gesture; surrounding, occasion, manD.movement, smell, paralanguage; space, time, silence2.In Chinese writing, there are usually more adjectives, proverbs andallusions than in English writing. Some Western scholars namethis style “flowery”, stating that its aim is to give a morefanciful impression than information, and the information isusually of beauty, fragrance, happiness, and any other“goodness”aspects so as to attract people. We may term thisstyle as_______-oriented. Western writing is more direct withobjective information. To them, much-repeated words may meanless after a while. We may term the Western writing as________-oriented.CA. adjective, objectiveB. Chinese, WesternC. impression, information C. indirect, direct3. As to the human nature orientation, the traditional Western beliefholds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.BA. basically good; basically badB. evil but perfectible, basically goodC. the mixture of good and evil; the mixture of good and evil;D. unknown4. As to the Man-Nature orientation, the traditional Western beliefholds that _______, while the Asian people believe that_______.DA. subjugation to nature; harmony with natureB. harmony with nature; mastery over natureC. harmony with nature; subjugation to natureD. mastery over nature; harmony with nature5. As to time orientation, generally speaking, the USA is______, thePhilippines, Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia, Britain, Greece, France are ______.CA. on-time oriented; in-time oriented; late-time orientedB. youth-oriented; adult-oriented; elderly-orientedC. future-oriented; present-oriented; past-orientedD. present-oriented; future-oriented; past-oriented6. In terms of activity orientation, the USA is______, the Philippines,Mexico, and Latin America are _____, and Asia is ______.DA. doing-oriented; playing-oriented, being-orientedB. playing-oriented; being-oriented; doing-orientedC. being-oriented; doing-oriented; being-in-becoming orientedD. doing-oriented; being-oriented; being-in-becoming oriented7. The dividing worldview is also referred to as mechanistic view. Itgoes by the following different names: DA. reason versus result; religion versus art; objectivity versusimaginationB. instinct versus intuition; science versus technology; imaginationversus subjectivityC. tuition versus intuition; region versus religion; subjugationversus subjectivityD. reason versus intuition; science versus religion; objectivityversus subjectivity8. The Greek thinks in order to _______. It is speculation. The Hinduthinks in order to _______. It is meditation. The Chinese thinks in order to _______. It is contemplation. CA. do; die; liveB. spectacle; meddle; contemptC. understand; think; self-cultivateD. think; self-cultivate; understand9. “Your body doesn’t know how to lie” indicates_____BA. something is wrong with your body and you can only stand.B. body language is important.C. body contact is dangerous.D. we can’t separate mind from body.10. Generally speaking, in the US, people make friends by sharing______, while in China, people make friends by sharing _______.BA. personal relationship; activitiesB. activities; personal relationshipC. love; bloodD. blood; love11. In terms of physical contact, the high contact countries are__________________________________, while the low contact countries are ________________________________.CA. the US, Britain, most Northern European countries; Arab world,Mediterranean countries, IndonesiaB. the US, Britain, Japan; East European countries, Russia, MiddleEastC. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, Indonesia; the US, Britain,most Northern European countriesD. Arab world, Mediterranean countries, China; the US, Britain,most Northern European countries12. Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality of communication,the high-contextual people are __________________________________, while the low-contextual countries are ________________________________AA. Latin Americans, Chinese, Japanese; the Americans, German,SwissB. the Americans, German, Swiss; Latin Americans, Chinese,JapaneseC. Native Americans, Chinese, Koreans; the Americans, Japanese,BritishD. the Americans, Japanese, British; Native Americans, Chinese,Koreans13. Each person has a “bubble”of space (territory). Studies showthat people from ________, ________, ________have a smaller personal territory than do people from ________, ________, -_________.AA. South America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries;North America, Britain, GermanyB. North America, Britain, Germany; South America, Arabcountries, and many Asian countriesC. South America, Britain, Germany; North America, Arabcountries, and many Asian countries.D. North America, Arab countries, and many Asian countries;South America, Britain, Germany14. In ___________ culture, the nuclear family is much moreimportant to the individual than the extended family, while in ____________, ________, _______, ________ culture, the extended family is very important. CA. Hispanic; American, Asian, Arabian, AfricanB. Arabian; American, Asian, African, HispanicC. American; Asian, African, Arabian, HispanicD. African; American, Asian, Arabian, Hispanic15. In nuclear-family culture, people rely mainly on ______, ______,________for help, while in extended-family culture, people rely mainly on ________for help. CA. families, friends, professionals; familiesB. families, friends, professionals; institutionsC. friends, professionals, institutions; familiesD. friends, families, institutions; professionals16. In nuclear-family culture, ______ usually comes first, while inextended-family culture, _______ usually comes first. BA. family; individualB. individual; familyC. husband; wifeD. wife; husband17.When it comes to friendship, an American friend would feel thatthey had _______ if the friend gave up a real need to study to go shopping. One’s duties and obligations toward friends, even best friends are understood to ______; one does not expect friends to assume burdensome, ______ responsibilities toward oneself. A close friend in the US is a person that one feels free to ask for help, recognizing, however, that the friend may _____, if they give you a reason. This is maybe that in the West, people prefer to be ______, so they do not feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person is ______ more and the other is dependent on what is being given. For Westerners friendship is mostly a matter of providing ______ support and ______. BA. depended too much; limitless; small; say “OK”; dependent;receiving; material; get separateB. imposed too much; have limits; long-term; say “No”;independent; giving; emotional; spend time together.C. imposed too little; have limits; short-term; say “Yes”; free;earning; financial; get involvedD. depended a little; limitless; big; say “Sorry”; independent;giving; spiritual; get together.18. In China, the duties and obligations of friendships seem virtually________ for all practical purposes. Chinese friends give each other much ________ ________help and assistance than Western friends do. For example, they give each other _______ and might help each other _______for a _______period of time. A friend in China is someone who, sensing that you are in need in some way, offers to assist you _________.CA. impossible; more spiritual; things; practically; short; when beingaskedB. enormous; less spiritual; money; financially; long; unwillinglyC. unlimited; more concrete; money; financially; long; withoutwaiting to be askedD. limited; more concrete; things; materially; certain; if required19. In times of trouble, both American and Chinese fr iends give eachother emotional support, but they do it differently. A Chinese friend is more likely to be ________ to give _______ advice to a friend, while an American friend will be ________ to give ________ advice, instead she may raise questions to en courage her friend to consider carefully what may happen if she does one thing instead of another. CA. cautious; detailed; ready; specificB. ready; ambiguous; cautious; guidelineC. ready; specific; cautious; directD. unwilling; direct; ready; specific20. When it comes to the relationship between parents and marriedsons, in China, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______than that with his wife. Thus in the event of any quarrel betweenhis wife and his mother, a man should ____________. At most hemight hope to __________, and this was regarded as ________. InAmerica, a man’s relationship with his parents is _______ thanthat with his wife. He would be expected to ______________. Hemight even be counseled to _______________ the vicini ty of hisparents’ home to ease the conflict. DA. more important; side with his mother; side with his father;honorable; more important; side with no one; move intoB. less important; side with no one; say something; honorable; lessimportant; side with his father; get away fromC. less important; side with his wife; remain silent; dishonorable;more important; side with his wife; move intoD. more important; side with his mother; remain neutral;dishonorable; less important; side with his wife; move awayⅢ. True or false:1.Generally speaking, China is an equal society, America is ahierarchy society. ( F )2.Generally speaking, in Chinese society, the power distance is small,while in America, the power distance is large. ( F )3.Both the Asian and Western countries have the concept of“face”, and “face”has the same social significance for thesecountries in that one’s face is also the face of one’s group.( F )4.The dividing worldview relies strongly on “facts” as opposed to“opinions”. ( T )5. A very rough generalization is that thinking for the Greek is tolook upward, for the Hindu is to look inward, for the Confuciansis to look outward. (F )6.Values are explicitly stored in our mind. We are always aware ofthem, and we make judgments according to them. (F )7.Values are separate from each other. Each one work alone. ( F )8.Values can be compared on a continuum rather than one of onlytwo possible choices. People everywhere possess the same valuesto different degrees, and the importance of that common valu e,how it gets acted out, is a matter of degree. ( T)9.“Lover” and “爱人”have the same meaning. ( F )10.I n both China and Western countries, it is very common and usualfor adults to fondle other people’s babies and very small childrento show their affection and friendliness. ( F )Ⅳ.Translation:1.Translate the following English into Chinese:1)Nature and Man are blended into one harmonious identity.天人合一2)Nature affects human affairs and human behavior finds response inNature. 天人感应3)Nature accords with human wishes. 天从人愿4)Your character will be tinted “red”(good) if you are in thecompany of “redness”, but “black”(bad) if you are in close contact with ink. 近朱者赤，近墨者黑5)God helps those who help themselves.天助自助者6)Look before you leap. 三思而后行7) A single arrow is easily broken, but not a bunch. 轻霜冻死单根草，狂风难毁万木林He who stirs another’s porridge often burns his own. 狗拿耗子，多管闲事8)2.Translate the following Chinese into English:1)容忍tolerance of others2)中庸之道moderation, following the middle way3)修养self-cultivation4)不重竞争non-competitiveness5)信用trust-worthiness6)贞节chastity in women7)寡欲having few desires服从、孝敬、尊崇、赡养父母filial piety8)Ⅴ. Tell the meaning of the following gestures in different countries:Gesture 1 Gesture 2 Gesture 31.In the US, England, Sweden it is used together with the verbal message“Let’s keep our fingers crossed” to mean that _ the person is hoping forgood luck______________. In Greece and Turkey it means the breaking of afriendship ________________. In parts of Italy it means _ OK _____.2.In the US it means Great, perfect, acceptable, OK_______________. InBelgium and France, it means _ zero_____. In Brazil, Turkey, Greece andMalta it has _ an obscene _____ meaning. In Japan it means ___ money_______. In Tunisia, it is used ___ as threat _______.3.It means ____ Slow down”, “relax”or “wait a second________________.Test Paper 2下列各题请参阅了所指定的课本内容后，用中文回答，可翻译课本的内容作为答案。
跨文化交际期末考试题及答案
跨文化交际期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 跨文化交际中，以下哪项不是有效的沟通技巧？A. 保持开放态度B. 避免使用肢体语言C. 尊重文化差异D. 积极倾听答案：B2. 在不同文化背景下，以下哪种行为可能被误解？A. 直视对方眼睛B. 点头表示同意C. 用食指指人D. 握手答案：C3. 在跨文化交流中，以下哪种方式可以增进相互理解？A. 坚持自己的文化观点B. 避免讨论敏感话题C. 主动分享自己的文化背景D. 只关注自己的文化答案：C4. 以下哪个概念与跨文化交际密切相关？A. 文化适应B. 个人主义C. 集体主义D. 所有选项答案：D5. 在跨文化沟通中，以下哪个因素可能导致误解？A. 语言障碍B. 非语言信号C. 文化价值观差异D. 所有选项答案：D...二、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述跨文化交际中“文化休克”的现象及其应对策略。
答案：文化休克是指个体在进入一个与自己文化背景不同的新环境时，由于文化差异而产生的困惑、焦虑和不适应感。
应对策略包括：提前了解目标文化，保持开放和灵活的心态，寻找支持系统，以及采取积极的适应措施。
2. 描述跨文化交际中的“高语境文化”与“低语境文化”的特点。
答案：高语境文化（High-context culture）指的是在交流中，信息的传递依赖于非语言因素，如肢体语言、面部表情和情境背景。
低语境文化（Low-context culture）则强调语言的直接性和明确性，信息主要通过语言来传递。
三、案例分析题（每题25分，共50分）1. 假设你是一名国际商务谈判代表，你被派往一个与你文化背景截然不同的国家进行商务谈判。
请描述你将如何准备这次谈判，并在谈判中如何运用跨文化交际技巧。
答案：在准备谈判时，我会首先研究目标国家的文化、商业习惯和谈判风格。
我会学习基本的语言词汇，了解当地的礼仪和非语言交流习惯。
在谈判中，我会保持尊重和耐心，避免使用可能引起误解的肢体语言，积极倾听对方的观点，并在适当的时候表达自己的立场。
跨文化交际期末考问题及答案课件
目录
• 跨文化交际概述 • 跨文化交际中的文化差异 • 跨文化交际中的语言交际 • 跨文化交际中的非语言交际 • 跨文化交际案例分析与实践
01
跨文化交际概述
跨文化交际的定义和意义
定义 意义
跨文化交际的重要性和应用领域
重要性
应用领域
跨文化交际的基本概念和理论
基本概念
反思与总结
D
C
B A 增强跨文化意识
实践交际技巧
04
跨文化交际中的非语言交际
非语言交际的定义和表现形式
定义
表现形式
例如，微笑、皱眉、耸肩、握手、姿 势、身体接触、眼神交流等。
非语言交际在跨文化交际中的作用
传递信息
强化语言信息
代替语言交际
不同文化间的非语言交际差异与应对策略
差异
应对策略
05
跨文化交际案例分析与实践
文化、交际、语境、语言、符号等。
理论
跨文化交际涉及多种理论，其中包括文化差异理论、文化适应理论、交际行为理 论等。这些理论为跨文化交际的研究和实践提供了重要的指导和支持。在实际应 用中，我们需要充分理解和应用这些理论，以更好地进行跨文化交际。
02
跨文化交际中的文化差异
文化差异的定义和表现形式
文化差异对跨文化交际的影响
案例一：商务场合中的跨文化交际
文化差异的认识和尊重 语言沟通的技巧 礼仪和习俗的把握
案例二：旅游场合中的的重要性
案例三：教育场合中的跨文化交际
教育理念的差异 跨文化教育方法的运用 语言障碍的克服
THANKS
感谢观看
01
02
沟通障碍
冲突增加
03 交际兴趣降低
跨文化交际导论(含答案)
对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院2010-2011学年第二学期跨文化交际导论(英) 复习大纲课程名称: ENG338a【跨文化交际导论(英)】考核方式: 开卷笔试[占总分的70%]复习范围：以指定教材（第1-9章）为主，课件内容为辅。
试题形式：客观试题50 题，每题2分，题型共三种形式：I. Definition Matching.Match the terms with their definitions. （给术语配对定义，10题，1题2分，共20分）II． True-False. Circle A if the statement is true; circle B if it is false. （判断各句是否正确，20题，1题2分，共40分）III. Multiple Choice. Circle the letter corresponding to the correct response. （在所给的4个选项中选择一个最恰当的答案，20题，1题2分，共40分）复习方法：●认真学习指定教材，结合课件的教学内容，全面复习，从总体上掌握这门跨学科课程的特点；●理解各讲中的主要教学内容，即每讲开始前的Learning Objectives，不要死记硬背，重理解、勤思考、细观察，从跨文化交际的角度对文化差异进行分析、记忆、总结；●要力图将跨文化交际理论与交往实践相结合，将西方文化交际的理论与实践与中国的本土文化相结合，通过大量真实生动的交际的成败案例的学习，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力；●参考指定教材各章后的练习以及书后附的两套模拟自测题，术语定义配对题、是非题和多项选择题可帮助复习检验对所学内容熟悉的掌握程度，熟悉客观题型，问答题和案例有助于进一步理解。
跨文化交际导论课程期末考试模拟题（红色答案来自答疑系统，供参考）Ⅰ. Match the following terms with their definition. （20%）1.the study of the way that people use physical space to convey messages. C2.the way in which time is used in a culture. A3.the actual practice of concepts or beliefs. B4.the total activity of learning one's culture. D5.social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. EA.Temporal language/ chronemicsB.Behavior communicationC.Spatial language/proxemicsD.EnculturationE.Values6. between nations and governments rather than individuals A7. perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities C8. a learned organization of rules for making choices and for solving conflicts D9. volume, pitch, and rate that affects message meaning E10. the idea that every act of communication must happen in some sort of surroundings BA.internationalB.contextC.valueD.stereotypesE.paralanguageⅡ.True or FalseMark A if the statement is true; mark B if it is false.11.When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussing one'sfamily and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. B12.Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding words andsentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A13.Since all cultures share the same basic values, cultures attach the same meanings to thesebasic values. B14.Primary values are the most important. A15.Some countries officially recognize religious rituals that affect business encounters. A16.People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not like change ascompared with people of Asian and Latin cultures. B17.The behavior of John lying in bed and reading a novel is a two-way contact. B18.Linear Model is one of the earliest and still the most useful attempts to describe thecommunication process A19.International communication takes place between such groups as African Americans andLatin Americans. B20.Intercultural communication as a discipline was not established in U.S. until the 1980s. B21.Without the cultural rules people also can behave properly. B22.Culture is not something we are born with, but rather it is learned. A23.Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of any culture. B24.In Germany, business gifts are usually exchanged at the beginning of formal negotiations. B25.New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the globaleconomic arena have increased globalization. A26.No country is completely self-sufficient. A27.All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which the politeness is achievedmay vary significantly. A28.International English is used only by businesspeople who practice English as a secondlanguage. B29.International communication takes place between such groups as African Americans andLatin Americans. B30.The process of learning culture is always conscious. B31.Ethnocentrism leads to a objective evaluation of how another culture conducts its dailybusiness. A32.The hierarchy is a theory has not been proven applicable to all the countries. A33.Cultures may differ, but communication practices do not differ. B34.Culture is ongoing and subject to change. A35.The term “co-cultures” suggests the inequality betwe en groups. B36.Chinese is an example of linear language. Amunication barriers are caused by the same communication having different meanings indifferent cultures. A38.New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the globaleconomic arena have increased globalization. A39.Power distance in the United States is comparatively high. B40.Pragmatic failure is the inability to understand what is meant by what is said. A41.Values motivate people. A42.Attitudes are the same thing as values. A43.Eventually, with the spread of technology everyone will have the same values. B44.In order to understand a culture's values, you need only to learn the "do's and taboos" of behavior in that culture. A45.Social class is unimportant in negotiator selection. B46. Relationship building is important in Arab and Latin America. A47. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed through material possessions. B48. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn their own culture through what is said and done. B48. Consumers in high uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to perceive little or no risk in the purchase of new products.49. Intercultural communication competence requires sufficient awareness, knowledge, motivations, and skills. A50. Values are enduring attitudes about the preferability of one belief over another.51. Cultures are so different that we will never be able to communicatesuccessfully. B52. Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding words andsentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A53. Today intercultural communication encounters are different from encountersof the past. A54. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and pastevents, but they may not feel that this distinction is important enough to createa system of verb tense. A55. Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of anyculture. B56. Values are learned; they are not innate. A57. Long-term-oriented cultures are characterized by patience, perseverance, and respect forone’s elders and ancestors. A58. Nonverbal aspects are very important in low-context cultures. A59. When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that discussingone's family and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. B60. Chinese is an example of a linear language. A61. Language serves as the only guide to how a culture perceives reality. B61. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and past events, but they maynot feel that this distinction is important enough to create a system of verb tense. A 62. Globalization is the ability of a corporation to take a product and market it anywhere in theworld. A63. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide for a win-losesituation. B64. In some countries, using gifts to assure success in sealing an agreement is an accepted way ofdoing business. A65. As they become globalized, companies will have to train their work forces to deal with multiculturality. A66. People from countries with strong uncertainty avoidance are more likely to remain closefriends in spite of differing opinions. A66. Even if the language is common to both cultures, one culture may restrict the meaning of certain words. A67. In their business letters, the French do not usually apologize for mistakes. B68. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed throughmaterial possessions. B69. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn their own culturethrough what is said and done. B70. In the Japanese society, knowing the rank of people with whom you conduct business is veryimportant. A、Ⅲ. Multiple ChoicesMark the letter corresponding to the correct response.1. What country ranks the lowest on individualism? CA.AustraliaB. CanadaC.GuatemalaD. United States2.Proponents of which attitude feel that self-interest is an appropriate goal?A.Uncertainty-reductionB. AttributionC. IndividualismD. Collectivism3. Language is important because it AA.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.B. allows us to be understood by foreigners.C.is determined by colonialism.D.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.4. Which of the following countries uses high-context language? CA.CanadaB. GermanyC.JapanD. United States5. Which one of the following statements is not among the functions of culture offered by Dressler and Carns? CA.Culture makes it possible to anticipate how others in our society are likely to respond toour actions.B.Culture enables us to communicate with others through a language that we have learnedand that we share in common.C.Culture leads to better understanding in business.D.Culture provides the knowledge and skill necessary for meeting sustenance needs.6. Culture can be classified in all the following ways except Ba)Artifact, concepts and behaviorb)Positive culture and negative culturec) A level of values and a level of resultant behaviour or artifacts of some formd)An invisible level and a visible level7. "The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect in the button causingit not to fit into the chassis." This statement is an example of a DA.linear explanation.B.verbose explanation.C.nonlinear explanation.D.why explanation.8. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem? Ding the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the translation.B.Qualifying slang terms.C.Not translating conversation taboos.ing a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the second language.9.Which of the following greeting way is somewhat unique to Chinese? BA. Giving regards to others.B. Commenting on something.C. Using address forms as greeting.D. Using nonverbal forms as greeting.10.The styles of paragraph development for oriental countries could be described as DA. a vertical straight line.B. zigzagged lines.C. a circular, spiral lineD. a digressive, back-and-forth zigzag.11. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect? CA. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.B. Thought patterns impact oral communication.C.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts and goes togeneralizations.D. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with differentcultures.12. Which statement is incorrect? BA. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of anotherculture's nonverbal communication patterns.B. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.C. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.D. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch the behavior ofthe persons you are talking with and match their style.13.People of which type of society believe their truth is the only truth?A.IndividualisticB. Strong-uncertainty avoidanceC.CollectivisticD.Weak-uncertainty avoidance14.What we are willing to die for and what we deem worthy of protection is determined byour ___? BA.belief systemB.value systemC.attitude processesD.social organizations15. Slang is generally DA.understood by everyone.B.spoken by the masses.C.easily translated.ed by subgroups.16. Nonverbal communication does not includeA. chromatics.B. chronemics.C. haptics.D. semantics.17. As a result of globalization, new issues facing corporations includeA.cultural differences in work ethicsB.stereotyping by members of international teamsC.personnel who are overqualified for overseas positionsD. a & b18. The classic The Silent Language published in 1959, was written byA.KluckhohnB.BenedictC.MeadD.Edward Hall19. Which of the following has occurred due to advances in technology?A.People are beginning to spend more time with family members.B.The number of relationships we have with people have decreased.C.People have more frequent contact with people from other cultures.D.People are gaining a clearer sense of who they really are.20. It is important to study intercultural communication becauseA. it is a necessary and worthwhile pursuit.B. most people are more alike than they realize.C. cultural differences bring people together.D. intercultural communication is subjective.21. ______ are the most important. AA. Primary valuesB.Secondary valuesC.Tertiary valuesD.None of the above22. In cultures that tend toward individualism, what aspects are encouraged? DA. competitionB.personal goalsC.individual rightsD.all of the above23. We learn culture DA.from folk tales, legends and mythsB.in conscious or unconscious waysC.through art and mass mediaD.all of the above24. Which statement least represents U.S. values? CA. U.S. Americans value directness over indirectness.B. U.S. Americans value time management over leisure.C. U.S. Americans value history over planning for the future.D.U.S. Americans value equality over inequality.25. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance?A.One group's truth should not be imposed on others.B.Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.C.Citizen protest should be repressed.D.Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people26. Which time orientation is held by cultures that value living and realizing the potential of today?CA.past orientation to timeB.immutable orientation to timeC.present orientation to timeD.mutable orientation to time27. Which of the following value orientations emerged from the Chinese research team?A.long-term versus short-term orientationB.masculinity/femininity orientationC.preferred form of activity orientationD.uncertainty avoidance orientation28. The notions of masculinity and femininityA.are universal for every culture across time.B.are not just based on biological differences.C.have not changed through the ages.D.have well-established and understood meanings.29. From what areas of the world do most of today's immigrants to the United States come? and Latin AmericaB.Mexico and Eastern EuropeC.Haiti and ChinaD.Eastern Europe and the Middle East30. The China Association for Intercultural Communication is held ______.A. once a yearB. every two yearsC. every three yearsD. every four years31. Who of the following would feel most comfortable with silence during a conversation? Amanager from _____. CE.the United StatesF.GermanyG.Great BritainH.Japan32 Which statement related to work attitudes is incorrect? AA.U.S. attitudes toward work are more relaxed than those in Europe.B.In the United States, hard work is applauded and often rewarded.C.The Japanese attitude toward work is very group-oriented.D.In the United States, the attitude toward work is ingrained from an early age.33. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect? DA.The structure of a language affects the perceptions of reality of its speakersB.The structure of a language influences thought patterns and worldviews of its speakersnguage functions as a way of shaping one’s experienceD.There is a general agreement concerning the validity of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis34. Which statement is incorrect? Dnguage is a reflection of the environmentnguage is reflection of cultural valuesnguage is a reflection of culture, and culture is a reflection of language.D. A good mastering of a foreign language equals a complete understanding of its culture.35. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect? Ca. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.b. Thought patterns impact oral communication.c.When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts and goesto generalizations.d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with differentcultures.36. Which statement is incorrect? Ba. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of anotherculture's nonverbal communication patterns.b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.c.Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages inintercultural encounters.d.When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch thebehavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.37. Language is important because it Aa.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.b.allows us to be understood by foreigners.c.is determined by colonialism.d.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.38. Which of the following countries uses high-context language? DB.CanadaC.GermanyD.JapanE.United States39. Slang is generally HE.understood by everyone.F.spoken by the masses.G.easily translated.ed by subgroups.40. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from another culture includeall of the following except: ca. politics is a safe topic in most cultures.b. avoid telling jokes.c. avoid personal questions.d. keep the conversation positive.41. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake? ca. In the U.S., a handshake should be firm.b. An Asian handshake is usually gentle.c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and departure.d. A British handshake is firm and repeated frequently.42. Language is important because it ee.helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how weperceive others.f.allows us to be understood by foreigners.g.is determined by colonialism.h.is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.43. Which of the following countries uses high-context language? HF.CanadaG.GermanyH.JapanI.United States44. Slang is generally LI.understood by everyone.J.spoken by the masses.K.easily translated.ed by subgroups.45. Nonverbal communication does not includea. chromatics.b. chronemics.c.haptics.d.semantics.46. "The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect in the buttoncausing it not to fit into the chassis." This statement is an example of a HE.linear explanation.F.verbose explanation.G.nonlinear explanation.H.why explanation.47. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem? Hing the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the translation.F.Qualifying slang terms.G.Not translating conversation taboos.ing a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the secondlanguage.48. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance?a. One group's truth should not be imposed on others.b. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends.c. Citizen protest should be repressed.d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.49. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is thatnguage is just a device for reporting a person's experience.b.two languages can represent the same social reality.c.the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak thelanguage.nguage functions as a way of shaping a person's experience.50. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be alleviated by Da. sending only top executives abroad.b. sending only young, single associates on overseas assignments.c. testing associates to see who is most qualified.d. selecting employees for overseas assignments who possess certain personal andprofessional qualifications.。
外经贸跨文化交际导论期末考试——重要概念
Edward Hall the founder of ICCEdward Hall conceptualized this new field of ICC in the early 1950s.The Silent Language (Hall, 1959) is considered the classic fundamental book of ICC study. Communication DefinedCommunication can simply refer to the act and process of sending and receiving messages among people “Communication occurs whenever meaning is attributed to behavior or the residue of behavior.”Attribution means that we draw upon our past experiences and give meaning to the behavior that we observe.Residue refers to those things that remain as a record of our actions.A sender refers to the person who sends the message, while a receiver is the one who receives themessage.A message–verbal or nonverbal –carries ideas from one person to another. A verbal messageincludes oral message and written message. A nonverbal message has more uncertainties than the verbal one.Medium/Channel refers to the ways for sending and receiving messages. Different messages ask for different channels.Noise refers to the disturbances along the communication processes, which may result in unintended message perceived by the receiver.Feedback refers to the reaction from the message receiver to the message sender. Feedback can be further divided into two pairs:positive feedback vs. negative feedback;internal feedback vs. external feedback.Encoding refers to the process of the sender putting the message into a signal (the encoded message);Decoding refers to the process of the receiver interpreting the signal from the sender.Definition of cultureCulture is the arts and other manifestation of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. Communication is culture, and culture is communication.The culture is both an influence factor for behavior as well as an interpretation factor of behavior.Culture may be classified by three large categories of elements:Artifact (which include items ranging from arrowheads to hydrogen bombs, magic charms to electric lights, and chariots to jet planes)Concepts (which include such beliefs or value systems as right or wrong, God and man, ethnic, and the general meaning of life)Behavior (which refers to the actual practice of concepts or beliefs)Ethnocentrism is a universal tendency for any people to put its own culture and society in a central position of priority and worth.Concept of Values⏹Concise Oxford Dictionary defines values as “ One’s principles or standards, one’s judgment of what isvaluable or important in life.”⏹Hofstede says values are “a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others.”⏹Kluckhohn says values are “ a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual orcharacteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means, and ends of action.”⏹ A value system, as Albert notes, “represents what is expected or hoped for, required or forbidden. It isnot a report of actual conduct but is the system of criteria by which conduct is judged and sanctions applied.”Hofstede states that these four levels embody the total concept of culture like an onion with 4 layers: symbols, heroes, rituals, and values.⏹Symbols are the first “skin of the onion”, the outer layer, which are words, gestures, pictures, or objectsthat carry a particular meaning only recognized by those who share the culture, e.g. words, dress, hairstyles, flags, etc. Symbols represent the most superficial and the easiest to perceive by an outsider and the least important to an insider.⏹“Heroes” is a term used to indicate persons, ordinary or famous, real or imagery, as long as they possesscharacteristics that are highly prized and worshipped in a culture, e.g. Yue Fei, George Washington, etc.The worship and heroes are less obvious to the eye than symbols.⏹Rituals are those collective activities that are considered socially essential within a culture. They arecarried out for their own sake.⏹Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture.Values are the deepestmanifestations of culture and the most difficult to understand by an outsider.Kluckholn and Strodtbeck’s values orientations⏹Human Nature⏹Relationship to Nature⏹Sense of Time Activity⏹Activity⏹Social RelationshipsHofstede’s f our cultural dimensions⏹Individualism vs. Collectivism⏹Power distance⏹Uncertainty avoidance⏹Masculinity vs. FemininityIndividualism indicates the extent to which a society is a loosely knit social framework in which people are supposed to take care of only of themselves and their immediate families.Collectivism emphasizes common interests, conformity, cooperation, and interdependence. It indicates a tight social framework in which people distinguish between in-groups and out-groupsand expect their in-groups to look after them.In-groups includes your immediate family, your extended family, your relatives, your acquaintances, your friends, your classmates, your colleagues etc. – people you regard as part ofyour group, those who are close to you, who have a closer relation with you.Out-group refers to people who are basically strangers, who only have business relationships with you, who are not close to you.Power distance indicates the extent to which a society accepts the fact that power in institutions and organizations is distributed unequally among individuals.Uncertainty avoidance indicates the extent to which a society feels threatened by ambiguous situation and tries to avoid them by providing rules, believing in absolute truths, and refusing totolerate deviance.Masculinity indicates the extent to which the dominant values in a society tend towards assertiveness, acquisition of things and away from concern for people, and the quality of life.Masculinity implies aggressiveness and assertiveness;Femininity stresses nurturing, caring attention to people’s feelings and needs.In high-context cultures most of the information is in the physical context or is internalized in the people who are a part of the interaction. Very little information is actually coded in the verbalmessage. People tend to be more aware of their surroundings and their environment and do notrely on verbal communication as their main information source. The context of the message iswell understood by both sender and receiver.In low-context cultures, such as German and American, however, most of the information is contained in the verbal message, and very little is embedded in the context or within theparticipants. Verbal messages are extremely important in low-context cultures. Low-contextpeople who rely primarily on verbal messages for information are perceived as less attractiveand less credible by people in high-context cultures.language determinism (Sapir & Whorf)They concluded that language not only serves as a mechanism for communication, but as a guide to social reality.Denotational vs. connotational meanings⏹Denotational meanings refer to definition meaning depending upon our choice of word selection- adictionary definition.⏹Connotational meanings refer to extended meanings or associated meanings, e.g. through use by peopleand especially by poets and writers.⏹Chinese vs. Western thought patterns⏹Chinese focus more on synthesis, imagination, unity, subjectivity, and inductive reasoning.⏹Westerners pay more attention to analysis, logic, dichotomy, objectivity and deductive reasoning.⏹Linear and non-linear language⏹Linear language has a beginning and an end, is logical, and object oriented. It looks on time as acontinuum of past, present and future.⏹Nonlinear language is circular, tradition oriented and subjective. Non-linear languages such as Chinese,look at time as cyclical and the seasons as an ever-repeating pattern.⏹Deductive and inductive patterns⏹Induction is a reasoning process in which particular or minor points move towards general or majortopic.⏹Deduction is a reasoning process in which general or major topic move towards particular or minorpoints.⏹The Chinese seem to have a preference for the inductive because of their reluctance to impose.⏹The westerners have a preference for the deductive because they want to show their readiness to involvein a conversation.⏹The use of rules of speaking from one’s own native speech community when interacting with members ofthe host speech community or simply when speaking in a second language is known as pragmatic transfer.⏹Pragmatic failure is the “inability to understand what is meant by what is said,”and is caused bypragmatic transfer. Pragmatic failure can be further classified into pragmalinguistic failure and sociopragmatic failure.–The former occurs when speech act strategies are inappropriately transferred from the first language to the second language.–The latter stems from cross-culturally different perceptions of what constitutes appropriate linguistic behavior.Definition of nonverbal communication●Nonverbal communication is referred to as “metacommunication, paralinguistics, second-ordermessages, the silent language, and the hidden dimension of communication.” (Hall, 1959)●Nonverbal communication is “all those messages that people exchange beyond the words themselves.”(Judee K. Burgoon, 1996)●Nonverbal communication involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that are generatedby both the source and his or her use of the environment and that have potential message value for the source or receiver. (Samovar and Porter, 1989)●To put it in a simple way, nonverbal communication refers to communication without the use of words,though the definitions differ from one expert to another.Functions of nonverbal communication●(1) Replacing; (2) Regulating;●(3) Conveying; (4) Modifying;●(5) Repeating; (6) Complementing;●(7) ContradictingCultural differences in salient areas of nonverbal communication in six groups:●(1) Kinesics (body movement),●(2) Oculesics (eye contact),●(3) Haptics (touching),●(4) Paralanguage,●(5) Proxemics (spatial language) and●(6) Chronemics (temporal language)Paralanguage includes the nonverbal voice qualities such as tone, rate, pitch, volume, accents, laughing, crying and shouting, which interrupt or temporarily take the place of speech and affect the meaning of a message. Researchers divide paralanguage into three categories: voice quality, vocal qualifiers, and vocalization●The vocal qualifier refers to tone, volume, pitch, rhythm, tempo, resonance, of the spoken word andstresses, etc.●All cultures use nonword noises such as “uh-huh,”“aha,” “um,” “er,” sucking in one’s breath, orclicking one’s tongue. They are called vocal segregates (vocalization). These noises may be used as connectors between ideas; they may also be used to indicate that someone is ready to say something or that more time is needed to think things over.●Related to the nonword vocalizers are fillers, e.g. okay, you know, etc.Spatial language (the technical word is proxemics) is the study of the way that people use physical space to convey messages.Temporal language, or its technical term chronemics, refers to the way in which time is used in a culture. Etiquette and protocolProtocol is defined as “the customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic formality, precedence and etiquette.” Protocol refers to customs and regulations dealing with diplomatic etiquette and courtesies expected in official dealings (such as negotiations) with persons in various cultures. Protocol is used to promote or maintain the values of a culture. Protocol is what to do in a given situation.Etiquette is defined as “conventional requirements as to proper social behavior.”Etiquette refers to manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations. The etiquette used to achieve the purpose of the protocol may be different from culture to culture. Etiquette is how to do it- and how to do it respectfully and gracefully.。
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对外经济贸易大学《跨文化交际（英）》期末考试I. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statementsis true or false. Write T for “true” and F for “false”.（每题 1 分，共 20 分）1. The term “intercultural communication” was first used by Geert Hofstede in1959.2. Hall defines culture as the "software of the mind" thatguides us in our daily interactions.3. In most of Africa, Argentina and Peru, putting one’s indexfinger to his temple means ‘You are crazy.’4. Stereotyping is a complex form of categorization that mentallyorganizes your experiences and guides your behavior toward aparticular group of people.5. Values are social principles, goals, or standards accepted bypersons in a culture.They are the innermost “skin of the onion.”6. People from some cultures may lower their gaze to convey respect,whereas this may be understood as evading or even insulting in other cultures.7. Unbuttoning one’s coat is a sign of openness, friendliness orwillingness to reach an agreement.8. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, theparties must provide for a win-lose situation.9. Edward Hall’s theory states that the four levels embody thetotal concept of culture like an onion – symbols, heroes,rituals, and values.10. Successful intercultural businesscommunication involves knowing theethnocentrisms of persons in other cultures. Understanding the mindsets of both oneself and the person of another culture will result in more efficient communication.11. Ethnocentrism is the belief that somebody else’s culturalbackground, including ways of analyzing problems, values,beliefs, language, and verbal and nonverbal communication, isbetter than our own.12. People in the United States place a greater emphasis onhistory and do not like change as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures.13. When dealing with German business people, you should avoidjokes and other forms of humor during the actual businesssessions.14. In the business circle, American business people use first names immediately.15. Companies should avoid sending female employees to the Middle East, as inArab countries men may refuse to work withwomen.16. In Southeast Asia, you should avoid presenting your businesscard with your right hand.17. When accepting a business card, German business peoplecarefully look at the card, observe the title and organization, acknowledge with a nod that they have digested the information, and perhaps make a relevant comment or ask a polite question.18. The OK sign may be interpreted as asking for money byJapanese business people.19. Nonverbal communication is important to the study ofintercultural communication because a great deal of nonverbalbehavior speaks a universal language.20. In short, intercultural communication competence requiressufficient awareness knowledge, motivations, and skills. Each of these components alone is sufficient to achieve interculturalcommunication competence.II. Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English andEnglish terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共 20 分）1. stereotypes 2. paralanguage3. ethnocentrism4. masculinity5. high-context culture6. monochronic time7. speech act 8. conversation taboos 9. vocal qualifiers 10. power distance11. 译码12.偏见13. 文化震惊14.不确定性回避15. 概念意义16.语用错误17. 礼貌原则18.归纳法19. 空间语言20.礼仪与礼节III. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共20 分）1. Understanding another culture .a. enables businesspeople to know why foreign associatesbelieve and act as they dob. is best achieved through “do’s and don’ts” listsc. is important for businesspeople because they can appearto be better informedd. isn’t necessary for businesspeople2. Non-linear languages .a. are objectorientedb. see time as a continuum of present, pastand future c. are circular, traditionoriented and subjectived. lead to short-range planning in business practices3. Which statement about values is incorrecta. V alues are social principles, goals, or standards acceptedby persons in a culture.b. V alues are learned by contacts with family members,teachers, and religious leaders.c. V alues will be influenced by what is seen ontelevision or read in newspapers.d. People in various cultures have basically similar values.4. People from cultures that follow the monochronic timesystem tend to a. d o one thing at a time.b. be committed to people.c. borrow and lend thingsoften. d. build lifetimerelationships.5. Which statement regarding haptics is incorrecta. In Thailand, it is offensive totouch the head. b. Japan isconsidered a "don't touch" culture.c. Greece is considered a "touch" culture.d. In Latin American countries, touching between men isunacceptable.6. The opinion that everyone has a position and clearly definedprivileges is .a. a view of hierarchical structure of social relationshipb. a view of group orientation structure of socialrelationshipc. a view of individual orientation structure ofsocial relationship d. none of the above7. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someonefrom another culture include all of the following except:a. politics is a safe topic inmost cultures. b.avoid telling jokes.c. avoid personal questions.d. keep the conversation positive.8. Which statement best describes an incorrect handshakea. In the ., a handshake should befirm. b. An Asian handshake isusually gentle.c. Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival anddeparture. d. A British handshake is firm and repeatedfrequently.9. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrecta. Asians typically use the inductive method ofreasoning. b. Thought patterns impact oralcommunication.c. When using the deductive method of reasoning, one startswith the facts and goes to generalizations.d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important innegotiation withdifferentcultures.10. Which statement is incorrecta. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lackof knowledge of another culture's nonverbal communicationpatterns.b. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same inall cultures.c. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbalmessages in intercultural encounters.d. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would beto watch the behavior of the persons you are talking withand match their style.11. Language is important because ita. helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, andcontrols how we perceive others.b. allows us to be understood byforeigners. c. is determined bycolonialism.d. is stable, easily understood, and freeof diversity.12. Which of the following countries uses high-context languagea. Canadab. Germanyc. Japand. UnitedStates13. Slang is generallya. understood byeveryone. b. spokenby the masses.c. easilytranslated.d. used bysubgroups.14. Nonverbal communication does not includea. chromatics.b. chronemics.c. haptics.d.semantics.15. Dominance, harmony, and subjugation are all value orientations that correspond to which of the following cultural problemsa. What is the nature of human beingsb. What is the relationship of humans to naturec. What is the orientation of humans to timed. What is the human orientation to activity16. Proverbs are significant to the study ofintercultural communication because .a. they provide a compact description of a culture’s valuesb. they tell a great deal about what a culture praisesand what it rejects c. they unite a people with the wisdomof their ancestorsd. all of the above17. Which statement highlights weak uncertaintyavoidance a. One group's truth should notbe imposed on others. b. Scientificopponents cannot be personal friends.c. Citizen protest should be repressed.d. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.18. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is thata. language is just a device for reporting aperson's experience. b. t wo languages can representthe same social reality.c. the social reality can be conveyed to a person who doesnot speak the language.d. language functions as a way of shaping a person'sexperience.19. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can bealleviated by a. sending only top executives abroad.b. sending only young, single associates on overseasassignments. c. testing associates to see who is mostqualified.d. selecting employees for overseas assignments whopossess certain personal and professional qualifications.20. Which of the following statement is incorrecta. Knowing cultural variations in the use of silenceis helpful when conversing with persons in anotherculture.b. We need to keep things in perspective and not get offendedeach time we deal with someone who has a different attitudetoward touchingc. Good advice when communicating with persons in othercultures is to keep gestures to a minimumd. Although oral communication varies from culture to culture,non-verbal communication is almost always interpreted thesame in each culture.IV. Answer the following essay question. (共20 分)Compare and contrast the following proverbs from two different cultures: “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot” and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”How do people from these cultures perceive silence and talk In light of their different perceptions, how might they view each other What problems might arise in their interactionsV. Case Analysis: Analyze the following conversation from an intercultural perspective. (共 20 分)The following conversation took place between twoChinese friends.A: We’re going to New Orleans this weekend.B: What fun! I wish we were going with you. How long are yougoing to be thereA: Three days.B: Do you need a ride to the airport I’ll take you. A: Are you sure it’s not too much troubleB: No, no. It’s no trouble at all.Case Analysis: Analyze thefollowing conversation from an intercultural perspective.参考答案及评分标准A 卷VI. True-False: Decide whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Write Tfor “true” a nd F for “false”. （每题 1分，共 20 分）1. F2. F3. F4. T5. T6. T7. T8. F9. F 10.T11. F 12. F 13. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20.FVII.Translation: Translate the following Chinese terms into English and English terms into Chinese.（每题 1 分，共20 分）1. stereotypes 定势/刻板印象2. paralanguage 辅助语言/副语言3. ethnocentrism 民族中心主义4. masculinity 男性特征5. high-context culture 高语境文化6. monochronic time 单一时间观念7. speech act 言语行为8. conversation taboos 对话禁忌9. vocal qualifiers 声音修饰10. power distance 权力距离11. 译码 decoding 12. 偏见prejudice13. 文化震惊 cultural shock 14. 不确定性回避uncertaintyavoidance15. 概念意义 denotational meaning 16. 语用错误 pragmatic failure17. 礼貌原则 the Politeness Principle 18. 归纳法inductive pattern19. 空间语言 spatial language/proximics 20. 礼仪与礼节etiquetteand protocolVIII. Multiple Choice: Choose the ONE appropriate answer. （每题 1 分，共 20 分）1. a2. a3. d4. a5. d6. a7. a8. d9. c 10.b11. a 12. c 13. d 14. d 15. b 16. d 17. a 18. d 19. d 20.dIX. Answer the following essay question. (共 20 分)测试重点： Compare and contrast the proverbs “It is the duck that squawks that gets shot”and “The squeaky wheel gets the grease.”The former is an English proverb while the latter is a Chinese proverb.In light of their different perceptions, the two cultures mightdiffer in terms of silence and talk etc. and problems might arise in their interactions.评分标准：从以上角度进行分析，其他根据具体答题情况酌情。