大学英语四级考试模拟试卷(1)

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大学英语四级模拟题01及答案

Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Western Festival: Welcome or Reject? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 西方的节日越来越深的影响着许多中国年青人的生活。

2. 有人认为西方的节日使很多中国的传统日益淡化。

3. 你的观点。

Western Festival: Welcome or Reject?Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Our dreams combine verbal, visual and emotional stimuli into a sometimes broken, nonsensical but often entertainingstory line. We can sometimes even solve problems in our sleep. Or can we? Many experts disagree on exactly what the purpose of our dreams might be. Are they strictly random brain impulses, or are our brains actually working through issues from our daily life while we sleep -- as a sortof coping mechanism? Should we even bother to interpret our dreams? Many say yes, that we have a great deal to learn from our dreams.Why do we Dream?For centuries, we've tried to figure out just why our brains play these nightly shows for us. Early civilizations thought dream worlds were real, physical worlds that they could enter only from their dream state. Researchers continue to toss around many theories about dreaming. Those theories essentially fall into two categories:● The idea that dreams a re only physiological stimulations● The idea that dreams are psychologically necessaryPhysiological theories are based on the idea that we dream in order to exercise various neural connections that some researchers believe affect certain types of learning. Psychological theories are based onthe idea that dreaming allows us to sort through problems, events of the day or things that are requiring a lot of our attention. Some of these theorists think dreams might be prophetic. Many researchers andscientists also believe that perhaps it is a combination of the two theories.Dreaming and the BrainWhen we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage isa very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves -- the slowest brain waves. About 90 minutes after we go to sleep and after the fourth sleep stage, we begin REM sleep.Rapid eye movement (REM) was discovered in 1953 by University of Chicago researchers Eugene Aserinsky, a graduate student in physiology, and Nathaniel Kleitman, Ph.D., chair of physiology. REM sleep isprimarily characterized by movements of the eyes and is the fifth stage of sleep.How to Improve Your Dream RecallIt is said that five minutes after the end of a dream, we have forgotten 50 percent of the dream's content. Ten minutes later, we've forgotten 90 percent of its content. Why is that? We don't forget our daily actions that quickly. The fact that they are so hard to remember makes their importance seem less.There are many resources both on the Web and in print that willgive you tips on how to improve your recall of dreams. Those who believe we have a lot to learn about ourselves from our dreams are big proponents of dream journals. Here are some steps you can take to increase your dream recall:● When you go to bed, t ell yourself you will remember your dreams.● Set your alarm to go off every hour and half so you'll wake up around the times that you leave REM sleep -- when you're most likely to remember your dreams. (Or, drink a lot of water before you go to bed to ensure you have to wake up at least once in the middle of the night!)● Keep a pad and pencil next to your bed.● Try to wake up slowly to remain within the "mood" of your last dream. Common Dream Themes and Their Interpretations● Being naked in publ icMost of us have had the dream at some point that we're at school, work or some social event, and we suddenly realize we forgot to put on clothes! Experts say this means: ◆ We're trying to hide something (and without clothes we have a hard time doing that).◆ We're not prepared for something, like a presentation or test (and now everyone is going to know -- we're exposed!).If we're naked but no one notices, then the interpretation is that whatever we're afraid of is unfounded. If we don't care that we're naked, the interpretation is that we're comfortable with who we are.● FallingYou're falling, falling, falling... and then you wake up. This is a very common dream and is said to symbolize insecurities and anxiety. Something in your life is essentially out of control and there isnothing you can do to stop it. Another interpretation is that you have a sense of failure about something. Maybe you're not doing well in schoolor at work and are afraid you're going to be fired or expelled. Again, you feel that you can't control the situation.● Being chasedThe ever-popular chase dream can be extremely frightening. What it usually symbolizes is that you're running away from your problems. What that problem is depends on who is chasing you. It may be a problem at work, or it may be something about yourself that you know is destructive. For example, you may be drinking too much, and your dream may be telling you that your drinking is becoming a real problem.● Taking an exam (or forgetting that you have one)This is another very common dream. You suddenly realize you are supposed to be taking an exam at that very moment. You might be running through the hallways and can't find the classroom. This type of dreamcan have several variations that have similar meanings. (Maybe your pen won't write, so you can't finish writing your answers.) What experts say this may mean is that you're being scrutinized about something or feel you're being tested -- maybe you're facing a challenge you don't think you're up to. You don't feel prepared or able to hold up to the scrutiny. It may also mean there is something you've neglected that you know needs your attention.● FlyingMany flying dreams are the result of lucid dreaming (清醒梦). Notall flying dreams are, however. Typically, dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in control of the things thatmatter to you. Or, maybe you've just gained a new perspective on things. It may also mean you are strong willed and feel like no one and nothing can defeat you. If you are having problems maintaining your flight, someone or something may be standing in the way of you having control. If you are afraid while flying, you may have challenges that you don't feel up to.● Running, but going now hereThis theme can also be part of the chasing dream. You're trying to run, but either your legs won't move or you simply aren't going anywhere -- as if you were on a treadmill (踏车). According to some, this dream means you have too much on your plate. You're trying to do too many things at once and can't catch up or ever get ahead.1. This passage mainly discusses different theories about why we have dreams at night.2. Early theories held that dreams were reflection of people’s real, physical worlds.3. According to physiological theories, dreaming allows us to sort through problems or events of the day that require our attention.4. REM occurs at the third and fourth stage during which we experience the deepest sleep.5. The reason why dreams do not seem important is that they are very difficult to remember.6. Trying to get recorded what you said or did in your dream can help increase your dream recall.7. If a person dreams he is naked but is not noticed by others, it means what he is afraid of is groundless.1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8. You re falling, falling, falling in your dream, which is said to symbolize .9. Being chased in a dream usually means that you’re escaping from your .10. One of the interpretations for flying dreams is that you are and nothing can defeat you.Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank followingthe passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.A department store’s inputs include the l and upon which the building is located, the labor of the employees, (47) ______ in the form of building, equipment and merchandise, and the management skills of the store managers. On a farm, the operation system is the transformation that occurs when a fa rmer’s (48) ______ (land, equipment, labor, etc.) are converted into such outputs as corn, wheat or milk. The exact form of the conversion process (49) ______ from industry to industry, but it is an (50) ______phenomenon that exists in every industry. Economists refer to this (51) ______ of resources into goods and services as the production function. For all operation systems, the general goal is to create some kind of value-added outputs that are worth more to consumers than just the sum of the inputs. To the consumers, the resulting products (52) ______ utility due to the form, the time, or the place of their availability from the conversion process.However, the process is subject to random changes. Unplanned or uncontrollable influences may cause the actual output to differ from planned output. Random fluctuations can arise from external disruption(fire, floods or lightning, for example) or from (53) ______ problems inherent in the conversion process. Inherent variability of equipment, material imperfections, and human errors all affect output quality (54)______. In fact, random variations are the rule rather than the exception in production processes; therefore, (55) _____ variation becomes a major management task.The function of the feedback is to provide (56) ______ linkages. Without some feedback of information, management personnel cannot control operations because they don' t know the results of their directions.A) offerB) capitalC) mediumD)difficultE) variesF) differentlyG) proposalH) transformation I) beautifullyJ) economicK) reducingL) internalM) inputsN) affordO) informationSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured(施肥)a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillarsin the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatestnumber of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized.Animals fight; so do savages (野蛮人); hence to be good at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently --- this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done --- is not being civilized. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has won. And it not only has won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets --- while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life --- nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages.57. In the opening sentence the author indicates that ________.A) most history books were written by conquerors, generals and soldiers.B) those who truly helped civilization forward is rarely mentioned in history books.C) history books focus more on conquerors than on those who helped civilization forward.D) conquerors, generals and soldiers should not be mentioned in history books.58. In the author’s opinion, the countries that rul ed over a large number of other countries are ________.A) certainly both the greatest and the most civilizedB) neither the most influential nor the most civilized.C) possibly the most civilized but not the most powerful.D) likely the greatest in some sense but not the most civilized.59. The meaning of “That is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right.”(Last sentence of Paragraph 2) is that________.A) those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.B) only those who are powerful have the right to go to war.C) those who are right should fight against those who are wrong.D) in a war only those who are powerful will win.60. In the third paragraph, what the author wants to convey to us is that ________.A) World War I and World War II are different from previous wars.B) our age is not much better than those of the past.C) modern time is not so civilized compared with the past.D) we have fought fewer wars but suffered heavier casualties.61. This passage is most likely taken from an article entitled________.A) War and World PeaceB) Creators of CivilizationC) Civilization and HistoryD) Who Should Be RememberedPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem.In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmlesspeople or ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others.A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence. Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent ofall automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychologicalcondition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control.Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents. And many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road.Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised bothat the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident expertsstill worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constantcare and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road.62. The word “massacre” in line 3 paragraph one means _____A) mass-killing. B) disaster. C) tragedy. D) accident.63. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A) To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention.B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers.C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions.D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving.64. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded asa social problem because _____.A) autos have become most destructive to mankindB) people usually pay little attention to law and moralityC) civilization brings much harm to peopleD) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe65. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three?A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents.B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy.C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers.D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving.66. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents?A) Careless bicycle-riders.B) Mindless people walking in the street.C) Irresponsible drivers.D) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles.Part V Cloze(15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990,its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees werenon-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more _73_ (and customers) in poor countries than in rich _74_ . The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In the United States and Britain, the _78_ ofworkers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that_80_ in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_ after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased _83_ manufacturingmoves from rich countries to the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.67. A. product B. production C. products D. productivity68. A. other B. small C. capitalistic D. developing69. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared70. A. output B. development C. share D. economy71. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier72. A. by B. at C. through D. in73. A. products B. market C. employees D. changes74. A. one B. ones C. times D. time75. A. what B. like C. that D. how76. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting77. A. producing B. products C. servicing D. services78. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group79. A. changed B. gone C. applied D. shrunk80. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence81. A. armies B. weapons C. factories D. countries82. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding83. A. with B. as C. given D. if84. A. while B. whose C. who's D. which85. A. give B. is giving C. gives D. gave86. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormousPart Ⅵ Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentence on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. (任何国家无论在什么情况下都不可以) have the right to use nuclear weapons.88. It’s essential that (他把一切准备好) before the examination .89. The population of America is not large (与中国相比).90. The beggar accepted the one-dollar note (甚至连一声谢谢都没说).91. Life is full of risks (不论你是否喜欢).答案Part 1 作文:(略)Part 2 快速阅读1. N2. Y3. N4. N5. Y6. NG7. Y8. insecurities and anxiety 9. problems 10.strong willedPart 3 听力Section A(11-15) BBBBB (16-20) CDDCD (21-25)CCCBCSection B(26-30) CDBAB (31-35) DDBBCSection C36. topic 37. exaggerated 38. confusing 39. compete40. application 41. handling 42. widespread 43. calculation44. Another example of the same sort of process has been the use of computers by banks to provide up-to-date records of client’s accounts.45. The most successful example is perhaps the use of computers by airlines to control seat reservation an provide information about flights.46. One could take a series of photographs of the area, from which, the amount of rise and fall of the landscape can be analyzed within a few inches.Part 4 阅读(Reading in Depth)Section A(47-51)B) capital; M) inputs; E) varies; J) economic; H) transformation(52-56)A) offer ; L) internal ; F)differently ; k) reducing; O) information; Section B(57-61)BDABC (62-66)ACBBDPart 5 完型(67-76) BDACD ACBCB (77-86) DADBC CBBCAPart 6 翻译87. Under no circumstances should any nation88. get everything ready89. as compared with that of China90. without so much as saying thanks91. whether you like it or not。

大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)

大学英语四级测验模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套）Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou r choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method o f answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee n observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to o rganize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniq ues, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progr ess in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comp rehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or disli kes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover m ay shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unple asant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of re fusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choiceof refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying ove rhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, te chnology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themsel ves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps chang e the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a res ponsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered fina ncial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags t o riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was a n unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success wi thout much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial suc cess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be e ven more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pa ttern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, co ntrol floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; andin consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 ther e were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought u nder cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some ar eas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farmin g methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industri al occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern metho ds. There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the outpu t of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of cro ps are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dr y-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide el ectric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to s uit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the fo od of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatu res-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, no t otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways th at produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning th e head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned respon se with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as you ng as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movem ent "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of lear ning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to wat ch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display c ame on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights wh ich pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are direc tly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in o rder to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something i s a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each senten ce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer S heet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to h is success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of thei r own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank th ere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that b est fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies __ _74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___ o f them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There we re even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country better; a third gr oup ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his ti me ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they t rusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___ 90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundred s years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be electe dC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compos ition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study the fo llowing table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2015年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套）21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。

大学英语四级试卷模拟一试卷答案对照版

大学英语四级试卷模拟一试卷答案对照版CET-4 Test 1 Part 1 Reading Comprehension(35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:It was once believed that being overweight was healthy, but nowadays few people subscribe to this viewpoint. While many people are fighting the battle to reduce weight, studies are being conducted concerning the appetite and how it is controlled by both emotional and biochemical factors. Some of the conclusions of these studies may give insights into how to deal with weight problems. For example, when several hundred people were asked about their eating habits in times of stress, 44 percent said they reacted to stressful situations by eating. Further investigations with both humans and animals indicated that it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing.A test in which subjects were blindfolded showed that obese(肥胖)people have a keener sense of taste and crave （渴望） more flavorful food than non-obese people. When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more tofulfill this need. Blood samples taken from people after they were shown a picture of food revealed that overweight people reacted with an increase in blood insulin（胰岛素）, a chemical associated with appetite. This did not happen to average-weight people.In another experiment, results showed that certain people have aspecific, biologically induced hunger for carbohydrate（糖类）.Eating carbohydrates raises the level of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain. Enough serotonin produces a sense of satiation（满足),and hunger for carbohydrates subsides.Exercise has been recommended as an important part of a weigh-loss program. However, It has been found that mild exercise, such as using the stairs instead of the elevator,is better in the long run than taking on a strenuous program, such as jogging, which many people find difficult to continue over long periods of time and which also increase appetite.1. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.A) overweight people are tenseB) thin people don't eat when under stressC) weight watchers should chew on something inedible when tenseD) 56 percent of the population isn't overweight.2. According to the passage, insulin _______.A) increases in the bloodstream when people eat large amounts of foodB) can be used to lessen the appetiteC) causes a chemical reaction when food is seenD) levels don't change in average-weight people who see food3. In order to lose weight, it would be a good idea for heavy people to _______.A) jog 3 miles daily and chew on carrot sticksB) avoid stressful situations and have control over theireating habitsC) eat plenty of chewy carbohydratesD) walk up stairs and look at pictures of food4. Which of the following exercises might be best for an overweight person to engage in daily?A) An evening walkB) A long swimC) Cross-country skiingD) 10-mile bicycle rides5. What can be said about serotonin?A) It is a chemical that increases the appetite.B) Only certain people produce it in their brains.C) It tells the brain when a person is full.D) It neurotransmits carbohydrates to the brain. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage: Washington Irving was America's first man of letters to be knowninternationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of themost successful writers of his time in either country,delighting a large general public and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, has artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the new. Thackeray describedIrving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans." In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford-- an unusual honorfor a citizen of a young, uncultured nation--- and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature; America made him ambassador to Spain.Irving's background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gift but deliberate child, he had little schooling, He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practise seriously. He was immune to his strict Prebyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings andthe theatre.6. The main point of the first paragraph is that WashingtonIrving was ______.A) America's first man of lettersB) a great writer who was successful in his own country and other parts of the world as wellC) a man who won the respect of other writers because ofhishigh social statusD) a man who was able to move from literature to politics7. What is implied by the comment about Scott, Poe and Hawthorne?A) Irving's great popularity resulted in the admiration of Scott, Poe and Hawthorne.B) More Americans than Britains admired Irving.C) Irving's work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality.D) Irving's success was attributed to his family background.8. What can be said about Irving's law career?A) He only began to practice law late in life.B) He spent very little time working as a lawyer.C) He never practiced law although he studied it .D) He worked as a lawyer with great enthusiasm.9. Why did Thackeray think that Irving's social grace was unusual?A) Because Irning's degree was honorable and unusual.B) Because his parents were not aristocratic.C) Because he had good sense and gay spirits.D) Because he often exhibited warm friendiness.10. Which of the following best describes the effect ofIrving's Presbyterian background on his life?A) It had almost no effect on his life.B) It promoted his interest in law.C) It fostered his love for literature.D) It enabled him to become a successful writer.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Time spent in bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. Whatever the person , you can soon become totally in awareof your surroundings. You soon become engrossed（全神贯注)in some books, and usually it is only much later that you realize you have spent far too much time there and mustdash off to keep some forgotten appointment --- without buying a book,of course.This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think,the main attraction of a bookshop. A music shop is very like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart's content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting:" Can I help you, sir?" You Needn't buy anything you don't want. In a bookshop, an assistant should remain in the backgrounduntil you have finished browsing（游览）.Then, and only then, are his services necessary.You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing -- something which had only vaguely interested you up until then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interestingthat you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section tosection.Booksellers must be both long-suffering and indulgent（宽容）.11. You may be unaware of the time passing by in a bookshop because ______.A) you want to escape the reality of everyday lifeB) you have to finish browsing one of the booksC) you don't want to waste your moneyD) you have to make sure you don't buy a dull book as a present12. In a good bookshop _______.A) the shop assistant greets you in a friendly wayB) you feel obliged to buy one of the booksC) your heart is contentedD) no shop assistant will approach you unless his service is called13. It is very unwise to enter a bookshop and buy ______.A) a best-selling novel on brass-rubbingB) a book on ancient coinsC) a book on the subject that vaguely interests youD) a book well illustrated and expensive14. According to the writer, the best way to escape the realities of routine life is _____.A) to have a long chat with assistant in a bookshopB) to stay in a bookshop, being absorbed in reading books of various kindsC) to buy a best-selling novel to readD) to wander about in the streets15. The best title of this selection would be632A) On buying booksB) Bookshops and AssistantsC) Booklovers and BookshopsD) How to Escape the Realities of Everyday Life in a BookshopQuestions 16 to 20 are on the following passage:Social change is more likely to occur in societies where thereis a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies wherepeople are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society, There are more ideas,disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizationswith different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greaterworldly interest and greater tolerance in mixed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people arequite similar in many ways, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change becauseeverything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not be satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed.Within a society, social change is also likely to occur morefrequently and more readily in the material aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technologyrather than in values; in what has been learned later inrather than what was learned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the complex ones;in form rather than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual.For example, it comes readily on human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not come more quicklyto black Americans as compared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts.16. According to the passage, one of the factors that tend to promote social change is _____.A) mutual interestB) different points of viewC) more worldly peopleD) advanced technology17. Social change is less likely to occur in a society wherepeople are quite similar in many ways because______.A) people there are always satisfied with their living conditionsB) people there have identical needs that can be met withoutmuch disputesC) people there have got accustomed to their conditionsthatthey seldom think it necessary to changeD) people there are less emotional and easy to please18. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A) Social values play an important role in social change.B) Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspectsof society.C) Social change is more likely to occur if it comes graduallyD) Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic andemotional aspects of society.19. The expression "greater tolerance" in Paragraph 1refersto ______.A) greater willingness to accept social changeB) quicker adoption to changing circumstancesC) more respect for different beliefs and behaviorD) greater readiness to agree to different opinions and ideas20. The passage mainly discusses______.A) two different societiesB) the necessary of social changeC) different social changesD) certain factors that determine the ease with whichsocialchanges occurPart 2 Vocabulary and structureDirections: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part, For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D) .Choose the ONE answer that best competes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the canter.21. The presence of armed guards ______ us from doing anything disruptive.A) excitedB) irritatedC) preventedD) encourage22. -- Do you know the girl with long hair?-- I don't think so, although she ______ me of someone I know.A) remembersB) remindsC) recallsD) recollects23. When you read his books, you have to read between the lines; there's so much _____ in his writing.A) ironyB) vocabularyC) grammarD) idiom24. If the pressure is not _______ immediately, there maybe an explosion.A) relievedB) retreatedC) revealedD) released25. She had been kind to me, so I felt ______ to help her when she was in trouble.A) detachedB) obligedC) generousD) virtuous26. The music would stop at intervals, then ______ after a while.A) restoreB) recoverC) resumeD) assume27. The new laws threaten to ______ many people of the most elementary freedoms.A) depriveB) deceiveC) snatchD) depress28. Machinery ______ rapidly if it is not taken care of .A) devastatesB) destroysC) dedicatesD) deteriorates29. Knowledge then is the _____ condition of expansion of mind.A) indigestibleB) indispensableC) indissolubleD) indisputable30. We must try to ______ the best of our moral values for our children and grandchildren.A) predictB) prescribeC) purchaseD) preserve31. Some very important issues were ______ all his attention.A) taking upB) taking offC) taking outD) taking in32. She has bought a pair of glasses, which she can never ______when reading books.A) do withB) do withoutC) do upD) do away33. Now the problem of energy is becoming critical. It_____ an immediate solution.A) calls onB) calls upC) calls atD) calls for34. What happened in that class probably reflects what is happening in society _______.A) at firstB) at randomC) at largeD) at length35. _______ the gas shortage, I'm going to buy a compact car this year.A) In front ofB) In place ofC) In terms ofD) In view of36. His mother always keeps a candle in the house ______ there is a power cut.A) in caseB) in the caseC) in the eventD) in event of37. Not only ______ resulted in vast expenses, but they have endangered human existence as well.A) nuclear weapons haveB) have nuclear weaponsC) will nuclear weaponsD) nuclear weapons that38. Air ______ of a combination of nitrogen and oxygen.A) composesB) comprisesC) formsD) consists39. _______ composers such as Mozart, who was treated as an employee by those who commissioned him, Beethoven enjoyed equal social status with his employers.A) becauseB) There wereC) UnlikeD) Having been40. The strong beam of light from a light house is used by sailors _______.A) to determining their locationB) in determining their locationC) with determining their locationD) while determining their location41. _______ travels 5.8 trillion miles in one year has been scientifically proven.A) That lightB) LightC) For light toD) When light42. Even though African game preserves have saved many animals,there are ______ that will not be saved.A) some otherB) all othersC) many moreD) much more43. After writing poetry unsuccessfully for several years, he was not certain whether to quit or ______ with his art.A) if he should continueB) to be continuedC) to continueD) he should continue44. John offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we declined the offer.A) not being finishedB) not having finishedC) had not been finishedD) was not finished45. That town was no longer the sleepy littlevillage ________.A) it wereB) it wasC) it has beenD) it had been46. -- I saw Sam in the library yesterday morning.-- You ______ him; he is still abroad.A) might not seeB) could not seeC) can't have seenD) mustn't have seen47. It is absolutely essential that all the applicants______ one by one.A) interviewedB) to interviewC) be interviewedD) to be interviewing48. I think I should prefer to go on Thursday, _______ it's all the same to you.A) as ifB) ifC) unlessD) as soon as49. My approach is not to learn everything about something,but _____ something about everything.A) rather to learnB) rather learningC) to rather learnD) rather than learn50. Advice should be provided free to_______ needs it.A) whomB) whoeverC) whoD) no matter whoPart 3 TranslationDirections: In this part, there are five items which you shouldtranslate into Chinese, each item consisting of one or two sentences. There sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part 1 of this paper. You areallowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You should refer backto the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.51. ( Passage 1, Para.1)Further investigations with both humans and animals indicatedthat it is not food which relieves tension but rather the act of chewing.52. (Passage 1, Para.2)When deprived of the variety and intensity of tastes, obese people are not satisfied and consequently eat more tofulfill this need.53. (Passage 2,Para. 2)Irving's background provides little to explain his literary achievements.A gifted but deliberate child, he had little schooling.54. (Passage 3, Para. 3)Apart from running up a huge account, you can waste a great deal of time wandering from section to section.55. ( Passage 4, Para. 1)In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interestand greater tolerance in mixed societies.Part 4 WritingDirections: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutesto write a composition on the topic The Quality of Products. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition the outline on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 产品质量差的原因2. 产品质量差的后果3. 怎样提高产品质量The Quality of Products模拟一答案1. C2. D3. B4. A5. C6. B7. C8. B9. B10. A11. D12. D13. C14. B15. A16. B17. C18. A19. D21. C22. B23. A24. D25. B26. C27. A28. D29. B30. D31. A32. B33. D34. C35. D36. A37. B38. D39. C40. B42. C43. C44. A45. D46. C47. C48. B49. A50. B51. 对人类和动物的进一步调查表明,, 减轻(精神)压力的(因素)不是食物,, 而是咀嚼动作。

大学英语考试：2022大学英语四级真题模拟及答案(1)

大学英语考试：2022大学英语四级真题模拟及答案(1)1、Which of the following contains an adverbial clause of condition?（单选题）A. They look as though they know each other.B. As soon as we arrived, the meal started.C. As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.D. He has lived here as long as I (have lived).试题答案：C2、With the introduction of the electronic computer, there is no complicated problem _____ can be solved in a few hours.（单选题）A. butB. whichC. thatD. what试题答案：A3、It can be learned from the passage that Royal Doulton is _____.（单选题）A. a retailer of stainless steel tablewareB. a dealer in stonewareC. a pottery chain storeD. a producer of fine china试题答案：D4、（单选题）A. 13.B. 23.C. 22.D. 15.试题答案：C5、The result of Holmes-Rahe’s medical research tells us _____.（单选题）A. the way you handle major events may cause stressB. what should be done to avoid stressC. what kind of event would cause stressD. how to cope with sudden changes in life试题答案：C6、Who can make big money in the new century according to the passage?（单选题）A. Retirees who are business-minded.B. The volunteer workers in retirement homes.C. College graduates with an MBA or law degree.D. Professionals with a good knowledge of gerontology.试题答案：D7、Which of the following italicized phrases indicates PURPOSE?（单选题）A. Her parents wish her to be a teacher.B. The best way to learn English is to use it.C. His family was too poor to support him.D. She took a plane to come back soon.试题答案：D8、Recent studies have suggested that weight training _____.（单选题）A. has become an essential part of people’s lifeB. may well affect the health of the traineesC. will attract more people in the days to comeD. contributes to health improvement as well试题答案：D9、To be successful in negotiations, one must _____.（单选题）A. meet his boss at the appropriate timeB. arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC. be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes试题答案：C10、（单选题）A. Because the airport in Paris was not fit for the scheduled landing.B. Because it was found to have run short of gasoline.C. Because it wanted to pick up passengers from another flight.D. Because there was a sudden mechanical problem.试题答案：C11、It is fortunate for the old couple that their son’s career goals and their wishes for him _____.（单选题）A. coincideB. collaborateC. complyD. conform试题答案：A12、（单选题）A. If you want to return or exchange your purchase, you should do that as soon as possible.B. Under any circumstances, you can exchange what you’ve bought.C. Sometimes things on sale are not allowed to be exchanged.D. While you are exchanging something, you should bring the receipt with you.试题答案：B13、（单选题）A. To invite the student to attend a meeting with her.B. To let the student know that she will have to leave soon.C. To announce that she will be speaking at a meeting.D. To explain why she cannot help the student right now.试题答案：B14、（单选题）A. For a change.B. To earn more money.C. To get a promotion.D. To have new challenge.试题答案：C15、The chief function of a uniform is to _____.（单选题）A. provide practical benefits to the wearerB. make the wearer catch the public eyesC. inspire the wearer’s confidence in himselfD. provide the wearer with a professional identity试题答案：D16、The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that _____.（单选题）A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB. one should not always agree to others’ opinionsC. personal tastes are not something to be challengedD. it is unwise to express, one’s likes and dislikes in public试题答案：C17、Most educators objected to Stoke’s idea because they thought _____.（单选题）A. a language should be easy to use and understandB. sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC. a language could only exist in the form of speech soundsD. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf people试题答案：C18、（单选题）A. There must be something wrong with the brakes.B. It won’t cost much to get it fixed.C. She is not sure what is wrong with it.D. It was made in the United States.试题答案：C19、It can be inferred from the passage that _____.（单选题）A. killing foxes with poison is illegalB. limiting the fox population is unnecessaryC. hunting foxes with dogs is considered cruel and violentD. fox-hunting often leads to confrontation between the poor and the rich 试题答案：C20、According to the passage, players in a game may _____.（单选题）A. kick the ball across the court with forceB. lie down on the ground as an act of protestC. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayD. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game试题答案：C21、Henry Ford’s statement can be taken negatively because _____.（单选题）A. working people are discouraged to fight for their fightsB. there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC. there is a conflicting relationship between big corporations and laborD. public services are not run by the federal government试题答案：C22、According to the author’s observation, college students _____.（单选题）A. have never been so materialistic as todayB. have never been so interested in the artsC. have never been so financially well off as todayD. have never attached so much importance to moral sense试题答案：A23、To be successful in negotiations, one must _____.（单选题）A. meet his boss at the appropriate timeB. arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC. be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD. be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes试题答案：C24、An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is _____.（单选题）A. to make sports less competitiveB. to make sports more challengingC. to reduce their mental stressD. to increase their sense of success试题答案：C25、Which of the following italicized parts is a predicative clause (表语从句)?（单选题）A. A prosperity that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.B. The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.C. It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.D. His suggestion is that we should keep moving forward without hesitation.试题答案：D26、What was the primary consideration in the Florida judge’s ruling?（单选题）A. The biological link.B. The child’s benefits.C. The traditional practice.D. The parents’ feelings.试题答案：B27、（单选题）A. Call the mother to come fight away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misty.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.试题答案：B28、Effective communication between a dog and its owner is _____.（单选题）A. essential to solve the dog’s behavior problemsB. the foundation for dogs to perform tasksC. a good way to teach the dog new tricksD. an extreme measure in obedience training试题答案：B29、Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that _____.（单选题）A. it is stated by judges in the courtB. it reflects public like and dislikesC. it is a result of a lot of controversyD. it is based on careful thought试题答案：D30、（单选题）A. To look at a book.B. To look at brochure.C. To look at a newspaper.D. To book tickets for a summer festival.试题答案：C31、In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected _____.（单选题）A. to have an excellent academic recordB. to be wise and matureC. to be imaginative with a value system to guide himD. to be a technical genius with a wide vision试题答案：D32、（单选题）A. Because there are no signs to direct them.B. Because no tour guides are available.C. Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D. Because the university is everywhere in the city.试题答案：D33、One significant improvement in the future car will probably be _____.（单选题）A. its power sourceB. its driving systemC. its monitoring systemD. its seating capacity试题答案：C34、The word “spas” (Line 3, Para.1) most probably refers to _____.（单选题）A. sports activitiesB. places for physical exerciseC. recreation centersD. athletic training programs试题答案：B35、Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because _____.（单选题）A. evidence was found that they were potential terroristsB. most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacksC. terrorists might take advantage of their illegal statusD. they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport试题答案：C36、In the American educational system, intermediate school is the _____ stage between the primary grades and high schoo1.（单选题）A. traditionalB. transitionalC. transmissibleD. transient试题答案：B37、According to Robert Foss, The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _____.（单选题）A. their frequent driving at nightB. their improper way of drivingC. their lack of driving experienceD. their driving with passengers试题答案：C38、（单选题）A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different试题答案：B39、From the passage, it can be seen that the author _____.（单选题）A. believes the reform has reduced the government’s burdenB. insists that welfare reform is doing little good for the poorC. is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare reformD. considers welfare reform to be fundamentally successful试题答案：D40、（单选题）A. Call the mother to come fight away.B. Try to communicate with them first.C. Help them to get out of their misty.D. Remind them that they have children to take care of.试题答案：B41、In order to raise the efficiency of the water supply, measures should be taken to _____.（单选题）A. centralize the management of water resourcesB. increase the sense of responsibility of agencies at all levelsC. guarantee full protection of the environmentD. encourage local and regional control of water resources试题答案：A42、（单选题）A. Cutting the grass.B. Feeding the fish.C. Looking after the children.D. Taking care of the dog.试题答案：C43、（单选题）A. Most of them have a long history.B. Many of them are specialized libraries.C. They house more books than any other university library.D. They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.试题答案：B44、Recycling has become the first choice for the disposal of rubbish because _____.（单选题）A. local governments find it easy to manageB. recycling has great appeal for the joblessC. recycling causes little pollutionD. other methods are more expensive试题答案：D45、（单选题）A. Highway crime.B. Poor traffic control.C. Confusing road signs.D. Drivers’ errors.试题答案：D46、（单选题）A. The bird bad finally understood his threat.B. The bird managed to escape from the chicken house.C. The bird had learned to scream back at him.D. The bird was living peacefully with the chickens.试题答案：A47、The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that _____.（单选题）A. it is foolish to criticize a famous brandB. one should not always agree to others’ opinionsC. personal tastes are not something to be challengedD. it is unwise to express, one’s likes and dislikes in public试题答案：C48、Recent studies have suggested that weight training _____.（单选题）A. has become an essential part of people’s lifeB. may well affect the health of the traineesC. will attract more people in the days to comeD. contributes to health improvement as well试题答案：D49、Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes _____.（单选题）A. for recreationB. in the interests of the farmersC. to limit the fox populationD. to show off their wealth试题答案：A50、（单选题）A. Most of them have a long history.B. Many of them are specialized libraries.C. They house more books than any other university library.D. They each have a copy of every book published in Britain.试题答案：B51、The study of sign language is thought to be _____.（单选题）A. an approach to simplify the grammatical structure of languageB. an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of languageC. a challenge m traditional views on the nature of languageD. a new way to take at the learning of language试题答案：C52、The two most important _____ in making a cake are flour and sugar.（单选题）A. elementsB. componentsC. ingredientsD. constituents试题答案：C53、Refined table manners, though less popular than before in current social life _____.（单选题）A. are still a must on certain occasionsB. are bound to return sooner or laterC. are still being taught by parents at homeD. can help improve personal relationships试题答案：A54、Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _____.（单选题）A. instrumental supportB. informational supportC. social companionshipD. the strengthening of self-respect试题答案：A55、The underwater listening system was originally designed ______.（单选题）A. to trace and locate enemy vesselsB. to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC. to study the movement of ocean currentsD. to replace the global radio communications network试题答案：A56、According to the passage, heroes are compared to high-voltage transformers in that _____.（单选题）A. they have a vision from the mountaintopB. they have warm feelings and emotionsC. they can serve as concrete examples of noble principlesD. they can make people feel stronger and more confident试题答案：C57、（单选题）A. They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for.B. They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler.C. They were excused from paying income tax.D. They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the ruler’s palace.试题答案：A58、（单选题）A. They are interested in other kinds of reading.B. They are active in voluntary services.C. They tend to be low in education and in income.D. They live in isolated areas.试题答案：C59、The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by ______.（单选题）A. its growing wealthB. the self-centeredness of individualsC. underestimating the impact of social changesD. the prejudice against women and minorities试题答案：B60、The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he _____.（单选题）A. wanted to be an example of practicality and rationalityB. intended to be a combination of engineer and humanistC. wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in collegeD. intend to be a sensible student with noble ideals试题答案：B61、（单选题）A. It takes skill.B. It pays well.C. It’s full-time job.D. It’s admired worldwide.试题答案：A62、（单选题）A. They have their hotel beautifully decorated.B. They provide delicious food.C. They make their guests feel at home.D. They give parties regularly for their visitors.试题答案：C63、The main touch of the shell is _____.（单选题）A. to strengthen the pilings of the houseB. to give the house a better appearanceC. to protect the wooden frame of the houseD. to slow down the speed of the swelling water试题答案：B64、I wrote back to Charles _____ I received his letter.（单选题）A. when immediatelyB. soonC. immediatelyD. suddenly试题答案：C65、What is worth nothing from the example of Athens County is that _____.（单选题）A. greater efforts should be made to improve people’s living standardsB. 70 percent of the people there have been, employed for two yearsC. 50 percent of the population no longer relies on welfareD. the living standards of most people are going down试题答案：A66、What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?（单选题）A. She will be deported sooner or later.B. She is allowed to stay permanently.C. Her case has been dropped.D. Her fate remains uncertain.试题答案：D67、I felt so embarrassed that I couldn’t do anything but _____ there whenI first met my present wife.（单选题）A. to sitB. sittingC. satD. sit试题答案：D68、（单选题）A. Helping some of the world’s poorest.B. Reducing the debt burden of Africa.C. Giving more aid to Africa.D. Building democracies and fighting corruption.试题答案：D69、When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner _____.（单选题）A. can give the dog more rewardsB. will enjoy a better family lifeC. can give the dog more freedomD. will have more confidence in himself试题答案：C70、（单选题）A. They tried to collect more money than the ruler asked for.B. They were given some silver and gold coins by the ruler.C. They were excused from paying income tax.D. They enjoyed being invited to dinner at the ruler’s palace.试题答案：A71、Under the present circumstances there seem fewer reasons for people to hug illusions than they _____ before.（单选题）A. wasB. didC. wereD. being试题答案：B72、He is so kind and generous that he always cast his _____ upon the waters.（单选题）A. stoneB. breadC. sandD. fish试题答案：B73、（单选题）A. He has spoken to him on the phone.B. He stayed in his apartment one summer,C. He went on a summer trip with him.D. He used to work with him.试题答案：D74、（单选题）A. The school stopped providing school lunch.B. Their parents failed to pay for school lunch.C. Some parents preferred fruit and milk for lunch.D. These children chose to have something different试题答案：B75、（单选题）A. She should go to the nearest supermarket to buy everything she wants.B. She should bargain with the seller for a lower priceC. She should visit various stores and compare the prices.D. She should not buy anything in the discount stores.试题答案：C76、（单选题）A. By decorating our homes.B. By being kind and generous.C. By wearing fashionable clothes.D. By putting on a little make-up.试题答案：B77、The first and most important thing parents should do to help their children is _____.（单选题）A. to provide them with a safer environmentB. to lower their expectations for themC. to get them more involved sociallyD. to set a good model for them to follow试题答案：C78、（单选题）A. Because there are no signs to direct them.B. Because no tour guides are available.C. Because all the buildings in the city look alike.D. Because the university is everywhere in the city.试题答案：D79、Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an example of _____.（单选题）A. instrumental supportB. informational supportC. social companionshipD. the strengthening of self-respect试题答案：A80、Which of the following sentence contain a noun(名词) used as an attribute （定语）?（单选题）A. We can’t but face the reality.B. We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.C. There are only two women assistants in that shoe shop.D. These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.试题答案：C81、（单选题）A. The statistical analyses.B. The essay structure.C. The topic sentences.D. The data collection.试题答案：A82、Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively _____ from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes.（单选题）A. isolatedB. dismissedC. distractedD. excluded试题答案：D83、Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?（单选题）A. Great mobility.B. Concern for one’s neighbors.C. Emphasis on individual effort.D. Ever-weakening social bonds.试题答案：B84、What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph?（单选题）A. She will be deported sooner or later.B. She is allowed to stay permanently.C. Her case has been dropped.D. Her fate remains uncertain.试题答案：D85、According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated a mentally ill 50 years ago _____.（单选题）A. were less isolated physicallyB. were probably less self-centeredC. probably suffered less from anxietyD. were considered less individualistic试题答案：C86、In the 1950s, classroom violence ______.（单选题）A. was something unheard ofB. was by no means a rare occurrenceC. attracted a lot of public attentionD. began to appear in analysts’ data试题答案：A87、（单选题）A. They are encouraged to do maintenance for the training centre.B. Most of them get paid for their work.C. They have to cook their own meals.D. They can choose to do community work.试题答案：B88、How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”?（单选题）A. Guilty.B. Offended.C. Disappointed.D. Discouraged.试题答案：B89、The main cause of the layoffs in the pottery industry is _____.（单选题）A. the increased value of the poundB. the economic recession in AsiaC. the change in people’s way of lifeD. the fierce competition at home and abroad试题答案：C90、“... Old is suddenly in” (Line 1, Para.1) most probably means “_____”.（单选题）A. America has suddenly become a nation of old peopleB. gerontology has suddenly become popularC. more elderly professors are found on American campusesD. American colleges have realized the need of enrolling older students试题答案：B91、（单选题）A. To examine the chemical elements in the Ice Age.B. To look into the pattern of solar wind activity.C. To analyze the composition of different trees.D. To find out the origin of carbon-14 on Earth.试题答案：B92、The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _____.（单选题）A. build big lakes to store waterB. construct big pumping stationsC. channel water from nearby rivers to croplandD. build small and cheap irrigation systems试题答案：D93、It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be _____.（单选题）A. fancy-lookingB. water proofC. easily breakableD. extremely strong试题答案：C94、From the tone of the passage we know that the author is _____.（单选题）A. not serious about the private ownership of H-bombsB. concerned about the spread of nuclear weaponsC. doubtful about the necessity of keeping H-bombs at home for safetyD. unhappy with those who vote against the ownership of H-bombs试题答案：C95、All the following sentences have an appositive EXCEPT _____.（单选题）A. I have no idea when he will return.B. What you said yesterday is right.C. We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.D. The news that our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterday’s newspaper.试题答案：B96、（单选题）A. Some of their prisoners are allowed to study or work outside prisons.B. Most of their prisoners are expected to work.C. Their prisoners are often sent to special centers for skill training.D. Their prisoners are allowed freedom to visit their families.试题答案：A97、（单选题）A. There must be something wrong with the brakes.B. It won’t cost much to get it fixed.C. She is not sure what is wrong with it.D. It was made in the United States.试题答案：C98、（单选题）A. Documentaries.B. Local service programmes.C. Travel programmes.D. Health programmes.试题答案：B99、（单选题）A. They have their hotel beautifully decorated.B. They provide delicious food.C. They make their guests feel at home.D. They give parties regularly for their visitors.试题答案：C100、（单选题）A. Leave it vacant.B. Rent it to the man she’s talking with.C. Sublet it to Jim Thomas.D. Ask her landlady to sublet it.试题答案：C101、The author says that in some hot and dry areas it is advisable to _____.（单选题）A. build big lakes to store waterB. construct big pumping stationsC. channel water from nearby rivers to croplandD. build small and cheap irrigation systems试题答案：D102、He would have played football but he _____ time.（单选题）A. did not haveB. does not haveC. would not haveD. has no试题答案：A103、Why can businessmen make money in the emerging elder market?（单选题）A. Retirees are more generous in spending money.B. They can employ more gerontologists.C. The elderly possess an enormous purchasing power.D. There are more elderly people working than before.试题答案：C104、What can we infer from the last paragraph?（单选题）A. The exploration of a little-known coral reef must be continued.B. Rainbow Warrior is determined to forbid bottom trawling in international waters.C. Rainbow Warrior will unearth crucial evidence to stop the bottom trawling.D. The UN is determined to forbid bottom trawling in international waters.试题答案：B105、What did Diana mean when she said “... putting a face to those figures brought the reality home to me” (Para.1)?（单选题）A. Meeting the landmine victims in person made her believe the statistics.B. She just couldn’t bear to meet the landmine victims face to face.C. The actual situation in Angola made her feel like going back home.D. Seeing the pain of the victims made her realize the seriousness of the situation.试题答案：D106、（单选题）A. By telephoning his friend.B. By writing his friend a letter.C. By checking the post office’ s records.D. By the signature of his friend on the return receipt.试题答案：D107、According to Robert Foss, The high death rate of teenage drivers is mainly due to _____.（单选题）A. their frequent driving at nightB. their improper way of drivingC. their lack of driving experienceD. their driving with passengers试题答案：C108、According to the passage, players in a game may _____.（单选题）A. kick the ball across the court with forceB. lie down on the ground as an act of protestC. deliberately throw the ball at anyone illegally blocking their wayD. keep on screaming and shouting throughout the game试题答案：C109、The author most probably agrees that artificial sweetened gum _____（单选题）A. is not effective in reducing stress.B. may cause some health problems.C. should be avoided although it is healthful.D. is harmful for one’s health due to its sugar containing.试题答案：B110、（单选题）A. The reasons why people don’t read newspapers are more complicated than assumed.B. There are more uneducated people among the wealthy than originally expected.C. The number of newspaper readers is steadily increasing.D. There are more nonreaders among young people nowadays.试题答案：D111、The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _____.（单选题）A. bow much pressure you are underB. how positive events can change your lifeC. how stressful a major event can beD. how you can deal with life changing events试题答案：A112、（单选题）A. The back pocket of his tight trousers.B. The top pocket of his jacket.C. A side pocket of his jacket.D. A side pocket of his trousers.试题答案：A113、（单选题）A. It is unrealistic.B. They should learn from the other companies to introduce it.C. They should investigate it.D. He agrees with the opinion of the Managing Director on this.试题答案：D114、The American Revolution is regarded by military historians as a war Britain _____.（单选题）A. should never loseB. can never loseC. should never have lostD. would never have lost试题答案：C115、Why do pet dog love performing tricks for their masters?（单选题）A. To avoid being punished.B. To show their affection for their masters.C. To win leadership of the dog park.D. To show their willingness to obey.试题答案：D116、Behavior problems of dogs are believed to _____.（单选题）A. be just part of their natureB. worsen in modern societyC. occur when they go wildD. present threat to the community试题答案：A117、What regulation was issued by New York State concerning beverage containers?（单选题）A. Beverage companies should be responsible for collecting and reusing discarded plastic soda bottles.B. Throwaways should be collected by the state for recycling.C. A fee should be charged on used containers for recycling.D. Consumers had to pay for beverage containers and could get their money back on returning them.试题答案：D118、Which of the following is a new and popular arcade?（单选题）。

大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案

大学英语四级模拟试卷一及参考答案Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Choosing an Occupation. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难题之一。

2. 需要花时间去选择职业。

3. 选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。

Choosing an OccupationPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will We Run Out of Water?Picture a “ghost ship” sinking into the sand, left to rot on dry land by a receding sea. Then imagine dust storms sweeping up toxic pesticides and chemical fertilizers from the dry seabed and spewing them across towns and villages.Seem like a scene from a movie about the end of the world? For people living near the Aral Sea in Central Asia, it’s all too real. Thirty years ago, government planners diverted the rivers that flow into the sea in order to irrigate(provide water for)farmland. As a result, the sea has shrunk to half its original size, stranding ships on dry land. The seawater has tripled in salt content and become polluted, killing all 24 native species of fish.Similar large-scale efforts to redirect water in other parts of the world have also ended in ecological crisis, according to numerous environmental groups. But many countries continue to build massive dams and irrigation systems, even though such projects can create more problems than they fix. Why? People in many parts of the world are desperate for water, and more people will need more water in the nextcentury.“Growing populations will worsen problems with water,” says Peter H. Gleick, an environmental scientist at the Pacific Institute for studies in Development, Environment, and Security, a research organization in California. Hefears that by the year 2025, as many as one third of the world’s projected 8.3 billion people will suffer from water shortages.Where Water GoesOnly 2.5 percent of all water on Earth is freshwater, water suitable for drinking and growing food, says Sandra Postel, director of the Global Water Policy Project in Amherst, Mass. Two-thirds of this freshwater is locked in glaciers and ice caps.In fact, only a tiny percentage of freshwater is part of the water cycle, in which water evaporates and rises into the atmosphere, then condenses and falls back to Earth as precipitation(rain or snow).Some precipitation runs off land to lakes and oceans, and some becomes groundwater, water that seeps into the earth. Much of this renewable freshwater ends up in remote places like the Amazon river basin in Brazil, where few people live.In fact, the world’s population has access to only 12,500 cubic kilometers of freshwater—about the amount of water in Lake Superior. And people use half of this amount already. “If water demand continues to climb rapidly,” says Postel, “t here will be severe shortages and damage to the aquatic environment.”Close to HomeWater woes may seem remote to people living in rich countries like the United States. But Americans could face serious water shortages, too especially in areas that rely on groundwater. Groundwater accumulates in aquifers, layers of sand and gravel that lie between soil and bedrock. (For every liter of surface water, more than 90 liters are hidden underground.)Although the United States has large aquifers, farmers, ranchers, and cities are tapping many of them for water faster than nature can replenish it. In northwest Texas, for example, over pumping has shrunk groundwater supplies by 25 percent, according to Postel.Americans may face even more urgent problems from pollution. Drinking water in the United States is generally safe and meets high standards. Nevertheless, one in five Americans every day unknowingly drinks tap water contaminated with bacteria and chemical wastes, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. In Milwaukee, 400,000 people fell ill in 1993 after drinking tap water tainted with cryptosporidium, a microbe that causes fever, diarrhea and vomiting.The SourceWhere do contaminants come from? In developing countries, people dump raw sewage into the same streams and rivers from which they draw water for drinking and cooking; about 250 millionpeople a year get sick from water borne diseases.In developed countries, manufacturers use 100,000 chemical compounds to make a wide range of products. Toxic chemicals pollute water when released untreated into rivers and lakes. (Certain compounds, such as polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, have been banned in the United States.)But almost everyone contributes to water pollution. People often pour household cleaners, car antifreeze, and paint thinners down the drain; all of these contain hazardous chemicals. Scientists studying water in the San Francisco Bay reported in 1996 that 70 percent of the pollutants could be traced to household waste.Farmers have been criticized for overusing herbicides and pesticides, chemicals that kill weeds and insects but that pollute water as well. Farmers also use nitrates, nitrogen-rich fertilizer that help plants grow but that can wreak havoc on the environment. Nitrates are swept away by surface runoff to lakes and seas. Too many nitrates “over enrich” these bodies of water, encouraging the buildup of algae, or microscopic plants that live on the surface of the water. Algae deprive the water of oxygen that fish need to survive, at times choking off life in an entire body of water.What’s the Solution?Water expert Gleick advocates conservation and local solutions to water-related problems; governments, for instance, would be better off building small-scale dams rather than huge and disruptive projects like the one that ruined the Aral Sea. “More than 1 billion people worldwide don’t have access to basic clean drinking water,” says Gleick. “There has to be a strong push on the part of everyone—governments and ordinary people—to make sure we have a resource so fundamental to life.”1.What caused the Aral Sea to shrink?［A］The rivers flowing into it have been diverted.［B］Farmers used its water to irrigate their farmland.［C］Government planners over-pumped its water.［D］High temperature made its water badly evaporate.2.The construction of massive dams and irrigation projects .［A］does more good than harm［B］solves more problems than what they created［C］does more harm than good［D］brings more water to people than expected3.The chief causes of water shortage include .［A］population growth and water waste［B］water pollution and dry weather［C］water waste and pollution［D］population growth and water pollution4.Americans could suffer from greatly serious water shortages?［A］living in rich areas［B］living in big cities but poor condition［C］depending on groundwater［D］bearing high standards of safe drinking water in mind5.What is the main pollutant in developed countries?［A］Untreated toxic chemicals from manufacturers.［B］Raw sewage into rivers and streams.［C］Herbicides and pesticides used by farmers.［D］Household cleaners poured down the drain.6.How does algae make threats to life of a body of water?［A］By covering the whole surface of the water.［B］By competitively using oxygen life in water needs.［C］By living more rapidly than other life in water .［D］By releasing hazardous chemicals into water.7.According to Gleick, who should be responsible for solving water-related problems?［A］government and housewives.［B］farmers and manufacturers.［C］ordinary people and manufacturers.［D］government and every person.8. According to Peter H. Gleick, by the year 2025, as many as of the world’s people will suffer from water shortages.9.Two thirds of the freshwater on Earth is locked in.10.In developed countries, before toxic chemicals are released into rivers and lakes, they should be treated in order to avoid.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11.［A］Wait for the sale to start.［B］Get further information about the sale.［C］Call the TV station to be sure if the ad is true.［D］Buy a new suit.12.［A］He doesn’t think that John is ill.［B］He thinks that perhaps John is not in very good health.［C］He is aware that John is ill.［D］He doesn’t think that John has a very good knowledge of physics.13.［A］Before six.［B］At six.［C］After six.［D］After seven.14.［A］It is bigger.［B］It has a prettier color.［C］It has a larger yard.［D］It is brighter.15.［A］Australian and American.［B］Guest and host.［C］Husband and wife.［D］Professor and student.16.［A］1∶30.［B］11∶00.［C］9∶30.［D］10∶00.17.［A］He prefers staying at home because the bus is too late. ［B］He prefers staying at home because he doesn’t like to travel.［C］He prefers taking a bus because the plane makes him nervous.［D］He prefers traveling with the woman.18.［A］He thinks she should visit her cousin. ［B］Her cousin doesn’t visit very often.［C］Her cousin is feeling a lot better today.［D］He doesn’t think her cousin has been at home today.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19.［A］Two different types of bones in the human body.［B］How bones help the body move.［C］How bones continuously repair themselves.［D］The chemical composition of human bones.20.［A］They defend the bone against viruses.［B］They prevent oxygen from entering the bone.［C］They break down bone tissue.［D］They connect the bone to muscle tissue.21.［A］They have difficulty identifying these cells.［B］They aren’t sure how these cells work.［C］They’ve learned how to reproduce these cells.［D］They’ve found similar cells in other species.22.［A］To learn how to prevent a bone disease.［B］To understand differences between bone tissue and other tissue.［C］To find out how specialized bone cells have evolved.［D］To create artificial bone tissue.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23.［A］A new fuel for buses.［B］The causes of air pollution.［C］A way to improve fuel efficiency in buses.［D］Careers in environmental engineering.24.［A］Her car is being repaired. ［B］She wants to help reduce pollution.［C］Parking is difficult in the city.［D］The cost of fuel has increased.25.［A］A fuel that burns cleanly.［B］An oil additive that helps cool engines.［C］A material from which filters are made.［D］An insulating material sprayed on engine partsSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26.［A］From three to five months.［B］Three months. ［C］Five months.［D］Four months.27.［A］Watch traffic.［B］Obey commands.［C］Cross streets safely.［D］Guard the door.28.［A］Three weeks. ［B］Two weeks. ［C］Four weeks. ［D］Five weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29.［A］Two to four times.［B］Four to six times.［C］Four to eight times.［D］Six to ten times.30.［A］Sleeping pills made people go into REM sleep quickly.［B］People had more dreams after they took sleeping pills.［C］People became angry easily because they didn’t take sleeping pills.［D］Sleeping pills prevented people from going into REM sleep.31.［A］People dream so as to sleep better.［B］People dream in order not to go into REM sleep.［C］Because they may run into difficult problems in their dreams.［D］Because in their dreams they may find the answers to their problems.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32.［A］A sales representative.［B］A store manager.［C］A committee chairperson.［D］A class president.33.［A］To determine who will graduate this year.［B］To discuss the seating arrangement.［C］To choose the chairperson of the ceremonies.［D］To begin planning the graduation ceremonies.34.［A］Their names, phone numbers and job preference.［B］The names and addresses of their guests.［C］The names of the committee they worked on last year.［D］Their dormitory name, address and phone number.35.［A］In an hour.［B］Next week.［C］In one month.［D］Next year.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks,you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In the English (36)system, students take three very important examinations. The first is the eleven-plus, which is (37) at the age of eleven or a little past. At one time the (38)or (39) shown on the eleven-plus would have (40)if a child stayed in school. Now, however, all children continue in (41) schools, and the eleven-plus determines which courses of study the child will follow. At the age of fifteen or sixteen, the students are (42)for the Ordinary (43)of the General Certificate of Education. (44). Once students have passed this exam, they are allowed to specialize, so that two thirds or more of their courses will be in physics, chemistry, classical languages, or whatever they wish to study at greater length. (45). Evenat the universities, students study only in their concentrated area, and very few students ever venture out-side that subject again. (46).Part Ⅳ Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century. Early in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always the 47 of a town. This street was lined on the both sides with many48 businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries. In addition, some shops offered49 . There shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops. But in the 1950s, a change began to50 place. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street while too few parking placeswere51 to shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces outside the city limits. Open space is what their car drivingcustomers52 . And open space is what they got when the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centers, or rather malls,53 as a collection of small new stores away from crowded city centers. Attracted by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from 54areas to outlying malls. And the growing55of shopping centers led in turn to the building of bigger and better stocked stores. By the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the 56 of the stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks, with benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.［A］designed ［F］convenience ［K］cosmetics［B］take ［G］services ［L］started［C］heart ［H］fame ［M］downtown［D］needed ［I］various ［N］available ［C］though ［H］popularity ［M］cheapnessSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. This system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitudes, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive knowledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpretation comes only through experience.The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem from the fact that one cannot learn culture—one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the model of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalizationis a fact of life; however, cultural differences are still far from converging.The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to individual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptanceor rejection. The major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a result of cultural myopia or even blindness. Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful companies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but rather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. These principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your customer.57.According to the passage, which of the following is true?［A］All international managers can learn culture.［B］Business diversity is not necessary.［C］Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.［D］Most people do not know foreign culture well.58.According to the author, the model of Pepsi.［A］is in line with the theories that the business is business the world around ［B］is different from the model of McDonald’s［C］shows the reverse of globalization［D］has converged cultural differences59.The two schools of thought.［A］both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures［B］both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries ［C］admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world［D］both A and B60.This article is supposed to be most useful for those.［A］who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity［B］who have connections to more than one type of culture［C］who want to travel abroad［D］who want to run business on International Scale61.According to Fortune, successful international companies.［A］earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas［B］all have the quality of patience［C］will follow the overseas local cultures［D］adopt the policy of internationalizationPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A similar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of them who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them means boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field staring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be one of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still. On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close-ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will contemplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, project yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. He does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on his toes, flexes his arms or brings the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or left, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stands is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth the dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of the batter, the speedof the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, chorus and responses.62.The passage is mainly concerned with .［A］the different tastes of people for sports［B］the different characteristics of sports［C］the attraction of football［D］the attraction of baseball63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that. ［A］it is only to the taste of the old［B］it involves fewer players than football［C］it is not exciting enough［D］it is pretentious and looks funny64.The author admits that.［A］baseball is too peaceful for the young［B］baseball may seem boring when watched on TV［C］football is more attracting than baseball［D］baseball is more interesting than football65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph last sentence).［A］the third baseman would rather sleep than play the game［B］even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no difference to the result［C］the third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes closed all the time and do his work well［D］the consequence was so bad that he could not bear to see it66.We can safely conclude that the author.［A］likes football［B］hates football［C］hates baseball［D］likes baseballPart Ⅴ Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked ［A］, ［B］, ［C］and ［D］on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Who won the WorldCup 1994 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play?67 an event takes place, newspapers are on the streets68 the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reports are on the spot to69 the news. Newspapers have one basic70 , to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to71 it. Radio, telegraph, television, and 72inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication.73 , this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the74and thus the efficiency of their own operations.Today more newspapers are75 and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out to many other fields. Besides keeping readers76 of the latest news, today’s newspapers77 and influence readers about politics and othe r important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers’economic choices78 advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very79 . Newspapers are sold at a price that80 even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main81 of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The82in selling advertising depends on a newspaper’s value to advertisers. This83 in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends84on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment85 in a newspaper’s pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspaper ’ s value to readers as a source of information 86 the community, city, country, state, nation, and world—and even outer space.67.［A］Just when［B］While［C］Soon after［D］Before68.［A］to give［B］giving［C］given［D］being given69.［A］gather［B］spread［C］carry［D］bring70.［A］reason［B］cause［C］problem［D］purpose71.［A］make［B］publish［C］know［D］write72.［A］another［B］other［C］one another［D］the other73.［A］However［B］And［C］Therefore［D］So74.［A］value［B］ratio［C］rate［D］speed75.［A］spread［B］passed［C］printed［D］completed76.［A］inform［B］be informed［C］to informed［D］informed77.［A］entertain［B］encourage［C］educate［D］edit78.［A］on［B］through［C］with［D］of79.［A］forms［B］existence［C］contents［D］purpose80.［A］tries to cover［B］manages to cover［C］fails to cover［D］succeeds in81.［A］source ［B］origin［C］course［D］finance82.［A］way［B］means［C］chance ［D］success83.［A］measures［B］measured［C］is measured［D］was measured84.［A］somewhat ［B］little［C］much［D］something85.［A］offering［B］offered［C］which offered［D］to be offered86.［A］by ［B］with［C］at［D］aboutPart Ⅵ Translation(5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87.There’s a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means (想找麻烦).88.Why didn’t you tell me you could lend me the money? I (本来不必从银行借钱的).89.(正是由于她太没有经验) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.90.I (将做实验) from three to five this afternoon.91.If this can’t be settled reasonably, it may be necessary to (诉诸武力).参考答案及解析Part I Writing【写作思路】本文是一篇关于择业的议论文。

大学英语四级考前模考试卷(一)附答案

四级考前模考试卷（一）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授2. 对这一现象，人们看法不同3. 我的看法……Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Eight Things Successful People Do DifferentlyWhy have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you aren’t sure, you are far from alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty awful when it comes to understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive answer — that you are born predisposed to certain talents and lacking in others — is really just one small piece of the puzzle. In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.Get specificWhen you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds” is a better goal than “lose some weight”. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps you motivated until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising you’ll “eat less” or “sleep more” is too vague — be clear and precise. “I’ll be in bed by 10pm on weeknights” leaves no room for doubt about what you need to do, and whether or not you’ve actually done it.Seize the moment to act on your goalsGiven how busy most of us are, and how many goals we are juggling (同时做) at once, it’s not surprising that we routinely miss opportunities to act on a goal because we simply fail to notice them. Did you really have no time to work out today? Achieving your goal means grabbing hold of these opportunities before they slip through your fingers.To seize the moment, decide when and where you will take each action you want to take, in advance. Again, be as specific as possible. Studies show that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of success by roughly 300%.Know exactly how far you have left to goAchieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progress — if not by others, then by you yourself. If you don’t know how well you are doing, you can’t adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently — weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal.Be a realistic optimistWhen you are setting a goal, by all means engage in lots of positive thinking about how likely you are to achieve it. Believing in your ability to succeed is enormously helpful for creating and sustaining your motivation. But whatever you do, don’t underestimate how difficult it will be to reach your goal. Most goals worth achieving require time, planning, effort, and persistence. Studies show that thinking things will come to you easily and effortlessly leaves you ill-prepared for the journey ahead, and significantly increases the odds of failure.Focus on getting better, rather than being goodMany of us believe that our intelligence, our personality, and our physical aptitudes (才能) are fixed — that no matter what we do, we won’t improve. As a result, we focus on goals that are all about proving ourselves, rather than developing and acquiring new skills.Fortunately, decades of research suggest that the belief in fixed ability is completely wrong — abilities of all kinds are profoundly malleable (可改变的). Embracing the fact that you can change will allow you to make better choices, and reach your fullest potential. People whose goals are about getting better, rather than being good, take difficulty in stride, and appreciate the journey as much as the destination.Have grit (毅力)Studies show that gritty people obtain more education in their lifetime, and earn higher college GPAs (grade point average). Grit predicts which cadets (军校学员) will stick out their first difficult year at West Point.The good news is, if you aren’t particularly gritty now, there is something you can do about it. People who lack grit more often than not believe that they just don’t have the innate abilities successful people have — they are wrong. As I mentioned earlier, effort, planning, persistence, and good strategies are what it really takes to succeed. Embracing this knowledge will not only help you see yourself and your goals more accurately, but also do wonders for your grit.Build your willpower muscleYour self-control “muscle” is just like the other muscles in your body — when it doesn’t get much exercise, it becomes weaker over time. But when you give it regular workouts by putting it to good use, it will grow stronger and stronger, and be better able to help you successfully reach your goals.To build willpower, take on a challenge that requires you to do something you’d honestly rather not do. When you find yourself wanting to give in, give up, or just not bother — don’t. Start with just one activity, and make a plan for how you will deal with troubles when they occur (“If I have a desire for a snack, I will eat one piece of fresh fruit.”) It will be hard in the beginning, but it will get easier, and that’s the whole point. As your strength grows, you can take on more challenges and step-up your self-control workout.Focus on what you will do, not what you won’t doDo you want to successfully lose weight, quit smoking, or put a lid on your bad temper? Then plan how you will replace bad habits with good ones, rather than focusing only on the bad habits themselves. Research on thought suppression (压制) (e.g., “Don’t think about white bears!”) has shown that trying to avoid a thought makes it even more active in your mind. The same holds true when it comes to behavior — by trying not to engage in a bad habit, our habits get strengthened rather than broken.If you want to change your ways, ask yourself, ‘What will I do instead?’ For example, if you are trying to gain control of your temper and stop flying off the handle, you might make a plan like “If I am starting to feel angry, then I will take three deep breaths to calm down.” By using deep breathing as a replacement for giving in to your anger, your bad habit will get worn away over time until it disappears completely.1. Many people didn’t expect that very successful people _______.A) can succeed in difficult tasks but fail in very simple onesB) aren’t clear why they succeed in achieving their goalsC) tend to feel very lonely when they reach their goalsD) are born with some special ability to do something well2. Why should people be specific when setting a goal?A) It boosts their confidence. B) It makes the goal easier to achieve. C) It saves time in reaching the goal. D) It helps sustain their motivation.3. Very often, people who miss chances to act on a goal attribute the failure to _______.A) being busy and having no time B) setting too difficult goalsC) getting no notice from others D) hoping for better chances4. According to studies, when people plan specific actions in advance, _______.A) there is no doubt that they will fulfill their dreamsB) they have greater possibilities of reaching their goalsC) they are able to get their work done more efficientlyD) they are more likely to persist in face of difficulty5. The author suggests that monitoring your progress regularly _______.A) should be done by people around youB) is helpful for determining whether the goal is realisticC) enables you to make necessary adjustment in actionsD) is not always essential depending on the goal6. Thinking that goals are not difficult to reach _______.A) prepares people better for challengesB) prevents people from shying away from hardshipsC) helps people cope with difficulty calmlyD) significantly raises the possibility of failure7. What does the author say about people believing in fixed ability?A) They don’t focus on goals that improve themselves.B) They are more willing to commit to long-term goals.C) They can’t take on many challenging tasks at one time.D) Their goals are to get better instead of being good.8. People lacking determination usually believe that they are not born with _____________________________________ that successful people have.9. Your ability to control your mind and body will become stronger if you _____________________________________ and use it properly.10. According to some research, if you try to suppress thinking about white bears, it just becomes_____________________________________ in your brain.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) Quit their jobs at the same time.B) Establish a firm in collaboration.C) Enrich their poor knowledge in business.D) Take an adventurous trip with their savings.12. A) People should not idle away their life.B) People should have made greater achievement.C) People should avoid being killed unexpectedly.D) People should have taken things more seriously.13. A) Time passes very quickly.B) The woman is wrong about the pick-up time.C) He doesn’t have anything to do.D) Before lunch is a great time to pick up the papers.14. A) She has to work to support herself. B) Her classes are not difficult.C) She goes to a full-time school. D) She takes evening courses.15. A) Jack survived the accident. B) Jack saved all the other passengers.C) Jack had little damage done to his car. D) Jack was the only victim of the accident.16. A) Her mild temper. B) Her broad knowledge.C) Her teaching style. D) Her detailed answers.17. A) It won’t come out until June 26.B) It hasn’t been returned by the borrower.C) It is not available unless it has been reserved.D) It was withdrawn from the shelf as a back issue.18. A) Their healthy lifestyle. B) Their work environment.C) Their outgoing personality. D) Their usual food and drink.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) The rock-climbing training involves a lot of preparation.B) Rock-climbing is safe if you are experienced enough.C) The woman is not excited about the first class in rock-climbing.D) The speakers will take a climbing trip in the early spring when the ice breaks.20. A) One is safe if he is very careful.B) Hi-tech safety equipment ensures one’s safety.C) A lot of people do rock-climbing and they are OK.D) There are no dangerous places nearby to do rock-climbing.21. A) She can make a lot of friends.B) She can work more efficiently.C) She can learn mental discipline.D) She can get more familiar with the man.22. A) He might join the class.B) He will join the class if the woman does.C) He still thinks it unworthy to join the class.D) He will tell the woman once he has made a decision.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) It’s difficult to obtain happiness.B) Happiness is only a state of mind.C) Happiness is closely related to material life.D) People shouldn’t always ask what happiness is.24. A) They have no dreams.B) They don’t feel being loved.C) They get used to what they have.D) They only cherish the material things.25. A) Expensive ones. B) Cheap ones.C) Gifts made carefully. D) Gifts that won’t last.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Pets’ value in medical research. B) What pets bring to their owners.C) How pets help people calm down. D) People’s opinions of keeping pets.27. A) If he has a pet companion. B) If he has less stress of work.C) If he often does mental calculation. D) If he is taken care of by his family.28. A) They have lower blood pressure. B) They become more patient.C) They are in higher spirits. D) They are less nervous.29. A) People with dogs did more exercise.B) Dogs lost the same weight as people did.C) Dogs liked exercise much more than people did.D) People without dogs found the program unhelpful.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s.B) By 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year.C) Some of Olivetti’s 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy.D) Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning.31. A) Camillo Olivetti’s death. B) Its slow progress.C) A period of financial problem. D) Its agreements with other companies.32. A) It produces the best typewriter in the world.B) It exports more typewriters than other computers.C) It designs the world’s first mainframe computer.D) It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) He never watched TV. B) He read what he had to.C) He found reading unbelievable. D) He considered reading part of his life.34. A) It helps him to realize his dream.B) It opens up a wider world for him.C) It makes his college life more interesting.D) It increases his interest in worldwide travel.35. A) Why do I read? B) How do I read?C) What do I read? D) When do I read?Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Today we talk about the difference between a college and a university. Colleges and universities have a lot in (36) ________. They prepare young adults for work. They provide a greater (37) ________ of the world and its past. And they help students learn to (38) ________ the arts and sciences.Students who attend either a college or a university (39) ________ take four years to complete a program of study. But one difference is that many colleges do not offer (40) ________ study programs or support research projects.Universities often are much larger than colleges. Universities carry out a lot of research. They offer more programs in different areas of study, for undergraduate and graduate students. (41) ________ universities developed from those of the Middle Ages in Europe. The word “university”came from the Latin “universitas”. This described a group of people organized for a common (42) ________.“College”came from a Latin word with a (43) ________ meaning, “collegium”. In England, colleges were formed to provide students with places to live. (44) ____________________________________________________.Today, most American colleges offer an area of study called liberal arts. The liberal arts are subjects first developed and taught in ancient Greece. They trained a person’s mind. (45) ________________________________.Another meaning of “college”is a part of a university. (46) __________________________________________. This is still true.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Advice to “sleep on it” could be well founded, scientists say. After a good night’s sleep, a problem that seemed insurmountable(不能克服的) the night before can often appear more 47 , although the evidence until now has been anecdotal (轶事的).But researchers at the University of Luebek in Germany have designed an experiment that shows a good night’s sleep can 48 insight and problem-solving. Dr. Jan Born, a neuroscientist at the university, and his team taught volunteers two simple rules to help them 49 a string of numbers into a new order. There was also a third, 50 rule, which could help them increase their speed in solving the problem. The researchers divided the volunteers into two groups: half were allowed to sleep after the training while the51 were forced to stay awake. They noticed that the group that had slept after the training were twice as52 to figure out the third rule as the other group.“You have a memory representation in your brain of the problem you want to solve, and then you sleep. Sleep can act on the problem,” Born said in a telephone interview. But he also admitted that how restructuring of memories occurs or what governs it is still 53 .Other scientists say the 54 evidence supports the anecdotal suggestions that sleep can stimulate creative thinking.Although the role of sleep in human creativity will 55 be a mystery, the research gives people goodreason to 56 respect their periods of sleep.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Many of us sit in front of a computer for eight hours a day, and then go home and head for the couch to surf the Web or watch television, exchanging one seat and screen for another. Even if we try to squeeze in an hour at the gym, is it enough to counteract (抵消) all that motionless sitting?A mounting body of evidence suggests not.Increasingly, research is focusing not on how much exercise people get, but how much of their time is spent in sedentary (久坐的) activity, and the harm that does.The latest findings, published this week in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology, indicate that the amount of leisure time spent sitting in front of a screen can have such an overwhelming, seeminglyirreparable (无法弥补的) impact on one’s health that physical activity doesn’t produce much benefit.The study followed 4,512 middle-aged Scottish men for a little more than four years on average. It found that those who said they spent two or more leisure hours a day sitting in front of a screen were at double the risk of a heart attack or other heart events compared with those who watched less. Those who spent four or more hours of recreational time in front of a screen were 50 percent more likely to die of any cause. It didn’t matter whether the men were physically active for several hours a week — exercise didn’t reduce the risk associated with the high amount of sedentary screen time.The study is not the first to suggest that sedentary activities like television viewing may be harmful. A 2009 study reported that young children who watch one and a half to five and a half hours of TV a day have higher blood pressure readings than those who watch less than half an hour, even if they are thin and physically active.Recreational screen time has an “independent, injurious relationship”with heart and the blood vessels events and death of all causes, the paper concluded, possibly because it induces metabolic (新陈代谢) changes.The study focused on recreational screen time because it’s the easiest to reduce, Dr. Stamatakis said. But he encouraged employees who work at computers all day to get up and take breaks and short walks periodically.57. According to the passage, more and more evidence proves that ______.A) people doing regular exercises after work tend to enjoy good healthB) people nowadays seem to spend excessive time seated at homeC) the time people spend watching TV is increasing dramaticallyD) physical activities don’t reduce the bad effect of long time’s sitting58. What do we learn from the study published in The Journal of the American College of Cardiology?A) The more people watch TV, the healthier they will become.B) The amount of exercises people get should be taken seriously.C) The harm done by sedentary activities seems impossible to repair.D) Exercise can make up for damage caused by high amount of sitting time.59. A 2009 study supported the idea that ______.A) physical inactivity may do harm to people’s healthB) the length of time spent in taking exercises do matterC) television viewers are more likely to die of heart diseasesD) thin teenagers are immune to disease caused by watching TV60. Why leisure time spent in front of the screen is related to heart diseases?A) Some content of the TV programs makes the heart beat faster.B) It causes chemical processes in people’s body to change.C) Extended sitting slows circulating blood to the heart.D) Radiation from the screen causes physical harm to the heart.61. Dr. Stamatakis suggested people who rely on computers to work ______.A) secretly combine business with leisureB) quit their current jobs as soon as possibleC) take breaks from the screen at regular intervals of timeD) get up early so as to take regular exercises in the morningPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.If two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct, people will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere — and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming.The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr., are proposing a concept, which they have namedGreen Freedom, for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline.The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted (提取) and subjected to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel.Although they have not yet built a synthetic fuel factory, or even a small prototype (原型), the scientists say it is all based on existing technology.“Everything in the concept has been built, is operating or has a close cousin that is operating,” Dr. Martin said.The Los Alamos proposal does not violate any laws of physics, and other scientists have independently suggested similar ideas.In the efforts to reduce humanity’s emissions of carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered: hydrogen(氢)-powered fuel cells, electric cars and biofuels. Biofuels are gasoline substitutes produced from plants like corn or sugar cane. Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, but growing crops for fuel takes up wide strips of land.Hydrogen-powered cars emit no carbon dioxide, but producing hydrogen requires copious (大量的) energy, and if that energy comes from coal-fired power plants, then the problem has not been solved.Electric cars also push the carbon dioxide problem to the power plant. And electric cars have typically been limited to a range of tens of miles as opposed to the hundreds of miles that can be driven on a tank of gas.Gasoline, it turns out, is an almost ideal fuel (except that it produces CO2). If it can be made out of carbon dioxide in the air, the Los Alamos concept may mean there is little reason to switch, after all.“It’s definitely worth pursuing,” said Martin I. Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. Other scientists also said the proposal looked promising but could not evaluate it fully because the details had not been published.62. What is most remarkable about the proposal made by the two scientists?A) It is given a special name. B) No law of physics is violated.C) It is based on existing technology. D) CO2 can be converted into fuel.63. What does the author say about biofuels?A) They are considered as ideal substitutes for fossil fuels.B) It is a great waste to use so many plants to produce fuels.C) They help ease global warming but will use a large area of land.D) Cars using biofuels have a longer range than cars running on gas.64. The biggest problem with hydrogen-powered cars is that ______.A) there is no cheap source of hydrogen energyB) they may still be a cause of global warmingC) safety problems might occur in hydrogen productionD) they are not suitable for long-distance travel65. What will happen if what is proposed by the two scientists becomes true?A) There will be no need for gasoline substitutes.B) Air pollution will become a thing of the past.C) People will be able to use much cheaper energy.D) There will be no more gasoline-powered vehicles.66. What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage?A) To compare different energy sources.B) To introduce a new concept of zero carbon gasoline.C) To explain why gasoline is important to us.D) To discus how to solve the problem of global warming.Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.。

英语四级模拟测试题(一)

模拟测试题(一)Part I listening Comprehension (15 minutes)Section A（7*1’=7’）Directions:In this section, you will hear 7 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. 4,840 kilometers. B. 4,080 kilometers.C. 4,480 kilometers.D. 4,048 kilometers.2. A. All day. B. Only in the morning.C.Only in the afternoon.D. The same as during the week.3. A. Boston. B. Honolulu.C. Chicago.D. Midwest.4. A. $ 3.00. B. $ 1.50.C. $ 2.25.D. $ 2.755. A. Listening to the radio. B. Watching television.C. Reading a newspaper.D. Reading a novel.6. A. Alan finished his degree long ago.B. Alan will be working for at least four more years.C. Alan began his studies more than four years ago.D. Alan has just started working on his degree.7. A. Tidying up the room.B. Eating peanuts.C. Cleaning the floor.D. Smoking.Section B (7*2’=14’)Directions:In this section, you will hear 2 short passages. At the end of the passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the passage you have just heard.8. A. Like many other dogs, it tried to please its master.B. Unlike many other dogs, it wanted its master to please it.C. It was more intelligent than many other dogs.D. It was the most faithful dog of his friend’s.9. A. To please the visitor.B. To be pleased by the visitor.C. To ask the visitor to leave immediately.D. To invite the visitor for a walk.10. A. It is more intelligent than German shepherds.B. It has only one eye.C. It can help blind people go to special schools.D. It can help and see for blind people.Passage TwoQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A. Your eyesight.B. Your driving ability.C. Your car’s mechanical condition.D. Your knowledge of traffic regulations.12. A. To practice driving with an experienced driver.B. To drive under normal highway condition.C. To have the car checked by the license officer.D. To use it as an identification card.13. A. The license office provides the test vehicle.B. The examiner shows how to start, stop or park.C. The examiner watches you driving in your car.D. The test is carried out where there is little traffic.14. A. Drivers to be. B. Traffic regulation makers.C. License examiners.D. Policemen.Section C (9*1’=9’)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea,. when the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the missing information. You can either use the exact words you have just heard, or write down the main point in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.In my family, we were taught and shown by examples that politics can be a noble profession, that each of us should 15 the country that has given us so much. Over the past years, 16 , I worry that my own children have 17 a profound fear of government. What is happening makes them confused, uncertain and afraid-not unlike many adults.Though I don’t think President Clinton should be removed from office, I don’t forgive his 18 . It was wrong. Children must be taught to tell the truth, and they will be 19 if they don’t. My 5-year-old son Jack recently saw a picture of Clinton and said, “ He lied.” I couldn’t disagree, but I explain to him that people are judged by their whole life and work not by the 20 of what they have done.Certainly, we have the right to know about the character of the people who we elect. But that fight must be balanced against the right to privacy which often 21 with other values. For example, the right to keep our life private. But while anyone who enters the public life must be willing to sacrifice much of their privacy, they should not have to sacrifice all of it. When asked whether my father would go into politics today, I’d still like to think yes. He 22 public life, as my family has been since the days of my kid’s great-great-grandfather Honey Fitz. But I fear that today’s bad sides will 23 people from both parties from thinking they can make a difference.Part II Reading Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A (10*1’=10’)Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the correspondingletter for each item on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Have you ever known anyone famous? If so, you may have found that they are remarkably similar to the rest of us. You may have even heard them 24 to people saying there is anything different about them. “ I’m really just a normal guy,”25 an actor who has recently rocketed into the spotlight. There is, of course, usually a brief period when they actually start to believe they are as great as their 26 fans suggest. They start to wear 27 clothes and talk as if everyone should hear what they have to say. This period, however, does not often last long. They fall back to reality as fast as they had 28 risen above it all. What will it feel like to soar to such 29 and look down like an eagle from up high on everyone else? And what will it feel like to have flown so high only to 30 from your dream and realize you are only human? Some only see the 31 in losing something they had gained. They often make 32 attempts to regain what they lost. Often these efforts result in even greater pain. Some become 33 financially and emotionally. The only real winners are those who are happy to be back on the ground with the rest of us.Section B (10*1’=10’)Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet .Endangered PeoplesA) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world’s native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe .Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim that native people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves, he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents’ values and customs. Mr. Davidso n says the people’s cries are the same: “Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?”E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: “Where are they? Where did they go? ”He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.F) The Gwich’in(哥威迅族,哥威迅人) are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich’in remain. They are mainly hunters. They hunt the caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich’in.G) One Gwich’in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: “As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!”H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich’in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich’in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich’in woman describes the situation in these words: “Oil development threat ens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever.”I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (驳回，打消) the fears of th e Gwich’in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich’in, however, are resisting. They took legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000 groups are left in the world.A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened .Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war.34. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book EndangeredPeoples.35. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.36. Art Davidson’s initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in hischildhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.37. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.38. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remainthemselves.39. Most of the Gwich’in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.40. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughoutthe world.41. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survival organization, would like to develop a system ofearly warnings when a society’s rights are to be violated.42. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes theconditions of different native and minority groups.43. The Gwich’in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve forfear that it should drive the caribou away.Section C (5*2’=10’)Directions: In this section there is one passage which is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.40 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sport was never heard of. But when the annual games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sir Ludwig Guttmann, the situation began to change.Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been asked by the British government to set up an injuries center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital near London. His ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled.In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part. The next year, 1949, five teams took part. From those beginnings, things have developed fast. Teams now come from abroad to Stoke Mandeville every year. In 1960 the first Olympics for the Disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games. Now, every four years the Olympic Games for the Disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are organized separately. In other years Games for the Disabled are still held at Stoke Mandeville. In the 1984 wheelchair Olympic Games, 1064 wheelchair athletes from about 40 countries took part. Unfortunately, they were held at Stoke Mandeville and not in Los Angeles, along with the other Olympics.The Games have been a great success in promoting international friendship and understanding, and inproving that being disabled does not mean you can’t e njoy sport. One small source of disappointment for those who organize and take part in the games, however, has been the unwillingness of the International Olympic Committee to include disabled events at Olympic Games for the able-bodied. Perhaps a few more years are still needed to convince those fortunate enough not to be disabled that their disabled fellow athletes should not be excluded.44. The first games for the disabled were held _____ after Sir Ludwig Guttmann arrivedin England.A. 40 yearsB. 21 yearsC. 10 yearsD. 9 years45. Besides Stoke Mandeville, surely the games for the disabled were once held in______.A. New YorkB. LondonC. RomeD. Los Angeles46. In Paragraph 3, the word “athletes” means______.A. people who support the gamesB. people who watch the gamesC. people who organize the gamesD. people who compete in the games47. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an early organizer of the games for the disabled.B. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is an injured soldier.C. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is from Germany.D. Sir Ludwig Guttmann is welcomed by the British government.48. From the passage, we may conclude that the writer is ______.A. one of the organizers of the game for the disabledB. a disabled person who once took part in the gamesC. against holding the games for the disabledD. in favor of holding the games for the disabledPart III Translation (30 minutes) （20’）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on the Answer Sheet .乒乓球是一项强调耐力和反应能力(reflexes)的运动，尽管乒乓球本身比较小，运动强度不大。

四级考试模拟试题一

四级考试模拟试题一一、听力理解（共20分）（一）短对话理解（每题1分，共5分）1. A) At the bookstore. B) At the library. C) At the cinema. D) At the post office.2. A) He's going to the beach. B) He's going to the concert. C) He's going to the museum. D) He's going to the party.3. A) She forgot her appointment. B) She missed her bus.C) She lost her keys. D) She broke her glasses.4. A) He needs to buy a new computer. B) He needs torepair his computer. C) He needs to upgrade his computer.D) He needs to return his computer.5. A) She's going to study abroad. B) She's going to work abroad. C) She's going to travel abroad. D) She's going to live abroad.（二）长对话理解（每题2分，共10分）听下面一段对话，回答6至7题。

6. What is the man's main concern about the new project?A) The budget. B) The schedule. C) The technology. D) The team.7. What does the woman suggest they should do?A) Reduce the budget. B) Extend the deadline. C) Hire more staff. D) Use more advanced technology.（三）短文理解（每题2分，共5分）听下面一段短文，回答8至10题。

大学英语四级模拟测试（一）（附答案）

大学英语四级模拟测试（一）（附答案）听力（略）Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and you should decide which is the best choice. (40 points)Passage 1Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:The United States is full of automobiles. There are still many families without cars, but some families have two or even more. However, cars are used for more than pleasure. They are necessary part of life.Cars are used for business. They are driven to offices and factories by workers who have no other way to get to their jobs. When salesmen are sent to different parts of the city, they have to drive in order to carry their products. Farmers have to drive into the city in order to get supplies. Sometimes small children must be driven to school. In some cities school buses are used only when children live more than a mile from the school. When the children are too young to walk that far, their mothers take turns driving them to school. One mother drives on Mondays, taking her own children and neighbors' children as well. Another drives on Tuesdays, another on Wednesdays, and so on. This is called forming a car pool. Men also form car pools, with three or four men taking turns driving to the place where they all work.More car pools should be formed in order to put fewer automobiles on the road and to use less gasoline. Parking is a great problem, and so is the traffic in and around cities. Too manycars are being driven. Something will have to be done about the use of cars.26. Many families in the U.S. own cars because ________.A) cars are a source of pleasure for themB) they need a car to form a car poolC) they live more than a mile away from the schoolD) cars form necessary part in their life27. Which of the following groups is NOT mentioned though they certainly drive cars?A) Office workers.B) Police and mail carriers.C) Salesmen and farmers.D) Factory workers.28. Paragraph 3 suggests that in the United States ________.A) children have to walk to schoolB) school buses take all the children to schoolC) mothers drive children to schoolD) families usually live within a mile from the school29. "A car pool" most probably means ________.A) a number of people sharing the use of a carB) a place for parking carsC) a group of tourists driving alternativelyD) a place for learning to drive30. What is the author's advice about the use of cars?A) To provide larger parking spaces.B) To build better roads.C) To produce fewer automobiles.D) To form more car pools.Passage 2Question 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Recent fires have destroyed much of Indonesian forests and pose the latest threat to the survival of the endangered orangutans（红毛猿）. Thirty orangutans fleeing their burning forest home have been killed by villagers, who see the animals as crop raiders. Orangutan mothers have been killed so that their young can be captured and sold into the illegal wildlife pet trade. Orangutan experts continue to receive orangutan infants whose mothers have been killed while searching for food in plantations and fields.The fires, caused by drought and coupled with fire-setting methods to clear forests, have destroyed more than two million acres. When fire gets into the rainforests' layer of dry peat (partly decayed plant material which covers the soil), it can burn slowly off and on for months or years after the original fire. These fires continue until heavy rainfall soaks the peat through and through. Orangutans once numbered in the hundreds of thousands, but their population has dropped to roughly 25 000 due to fire, the destruction of forests from felling trees for timber and agriculture, and losses linked to the live-animal trade. Before the fires, only 40 percent of the orangutans' original habitat remained, and now, their habitat has become even smaller.31. What can be the best title for this passage?A) Fires Drive Orangutans to Danger.B) Orangutans Are Precious Animals.C) Fires in Indonesia Keep on Flaming.D) Orangutans Endanger the Crops of Indonesia.32. Which of the following is true about villagers?A) They set fire in order to kill orangutans for food.B) They are ignorant of wild life pets trade.C) They dislike orangutans because they destroy crops.D) They continue to receive orangutans infants.33. According to this passage, fires in Indonesia ________.A) will not end until it starts to rainB) will be eventually put out by human effortC) will die out when the winds stop blowingD) will only stop when the peat is totally wet34. Some people buy orangutans because ________.A) they want to save orangutansB) they want to keep orangutans as petsC) they want to build new homes for orangutansD) they want to take care of orangutan infants35. Which of the following is NOT a reason for the decreasing of orangutans in Indonesia?A) The forests have been burned to make land for agriculture.B) Most of orangutans' forests have been destroyed.C) Mother orangutans have been caught and sold in pet-animal market.D) Trees have been cut down for human profits.Passage 3Question 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Don't try kicking the tires on a very modern and strange car developed by students at Coventry University. Not only does the car have no tires, it has no steering wheel, either.The Coventry Concept Car, as it is called is a completely new design that looks more like a snail（蜗牛）than an automobile. No working model, or functional form of the vehicle exists yet, but its designers recently introduced a life-sized model and explained how a real one would work. Electric motors would move rapidly undulating pad（形成波浪状气垫）underneath the car; moving the vehicle in any direction at speeds up to 480 kmper hour. The motion would be a much faster way of crawling ? the way snails move. (Muscles in the bottom of a snail's flat foot contract （收缩）in waves that push the snail along the ground.) Steering of the snail car would be handled automatically by an onboard computer, which would receive signals from orbiting satellites. Those signals would help guide the snail car along a preprogrammed route.Even the car's color could be computer-controlled, the student designer suggested. Instead of a painted out appearance, the snail car would sport an electronically sensitive film that changes color according to its surroundings.36. The Coventry Concept Car is designed mainly based on ________.A) the appearance of a snailB) the movement of a snailC) the life-size of a snailD) the behavior of a snail37. Which of the following is true about the Coventry Concept Car?A) Its first working model can run at 480 km per hour.B) Its direction is controlled by a steering wheel.C) It moves in all directions on a pair of flat feet.D) It travels automatically along preprogrammed routes.38. The color of the car can be changed ______.A) by applying different films onto its exteriorB) automatically in accordance with its surroundingsC) by signals received by the car computerD) according to the customer's requirement39. The word "sport" in the last but one line most probably means _______.A) applyB) wearC) runD) notice40. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A) A Car at a Speed of a SnailB) A Computer-Controlled Electronic VehicleC) A Car Without Tires and Steering WheelD) A Car with No Functional FormPassage 4Question 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask someone for a date?Many people are afraid to assert themselves（坚持自己的权利）. Dr. Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and T alk Back, thinks it's because their self-respect is low. "Our whole set-up is designed to make people distrust themselves," says Alberti. "There's always a 'superior' around: a parent, a teacher, a boss who 'knows better'."But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help those people assert themselves. They offer "Assertiveness Training" courses ? AT for short. In the AT course people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive without hurting other people.In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose hisfear. But AT uses an even stronger motive ? the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels.Whether or not you speak up for yourself depends on your self-image. If someone you face is more "important" than you, you may feel less of a person. You start to doubt your own good sense. You go by the other person's label. But, why should you? AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.41. The problem the writer talks about is that _______.A) some people buy things they don't wantB) some people are afraid of arguing for themselvesC) there are too many "superiors" around usD) there is too much pressure from our society42. The cause of the problem discussed in this passage is that _______.A) some people have a low self-imageB) there is always someone around who "knows better"C) salesmen talk people into buying things they don't wantD) people don't share opinions in a group43. The set-up of our society often _______.A) makes people distrust themselvesB) makes things more favorable for "superiors"C) keeps people from knowing as much as their "superiors"D) helps people to learn to speak up for their rights44. A T is one solution to the problem in this passage, but one thing AT doesn't promote is to help people ________.A) to share their feelingsB) to have a right to be oneselfC) to overcome their fear before othersD) to be more aggressive45. The title for this passage could be ________.A) Assertiveness TrainingB) Loss of Self-respectC) The Importance of Human RightsD) Share Your Feelings with OthersPart III Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentences. (10 points)46. Those high school students _____ to computer games will usually lose interest in their studies.A) absorbed B) addicted C) approached D) adapted47. What did you put in your suitcase? It's almost _____ mine.A) four times as heavy as B) four times heavier as C) as four times heavy as D) as heavy as four times48. In some countries today, it is still illegal for doctors to help a woman have a(n) _____.A) pregnancy B) abortion C) miscarriage D) embryo49. Metal _____ when cooled and expands when heated.A) decreases B) reduces C) condenses D) contracts50. The employees were afraid to ask for a salary raise _____ they should lose their jobs.A) lest B) or else C) so that D) in order that51. There has been a heated controversy over the new traffic _____ forbidding automobiles in downtown during the daytime.A) laws B) bans C) alerts D) regulations52. She has won a _____ prize for her poems published in the past 10 years.A) privileged B) awarded C) prestigious D) rewarded53. Each man and woman must sign _____ full names before entering the examination room.A) his B) her C) their D) one's49. Giving the child problems he can't solve will only ________ him.A) frustrate B) challenge C) conquer D) press54. It is pleasant to see that the whole community has participated in this environmental action with great _____.A) validity B) vow C) vigor D) vision55. As they can't have a child of their own, they're going to _____ a little girl.A) adapt B) adopt C) adjust D) receive56. It's no use _____ wit him. You might as well argue with a stone wall.A) arguing B) of arguing C) in arguing D) to argue57. The official figures of unemployment revealed that millions of citizens could hardly make a _____ living.A) honest B) decent C) appropriate D) suitable58. The company has been found guilty violating copyright laws _____ a regular _____.A) for ... reason B) by ... way C) on ... basis D) to ... degree59. Believe it or not, he arrived in America with only 25 dollars _____.A) by his name B) to his name C) in his name D) with his name60. _____ is no reason for dismissing her.A) A few minutes late B) Owing to a few minutes late C) Because she was a few minutes late D) Being a few minutes late61. I handed in the application two months ago, but I have not received any response _____.A) in date B) out of date C) to date D) on date62. In the course of a day our students do far more than just _____ classes.A) attending B) attended C) to attend D) attend63. The newspaper didn't mention its secret _____ who provided the information for the event.A) resource B) source C) origin D) cause64. The clothes a person wears may express his _____ or social position.A) state B) significance C) determination D) status65. If I hadn't turned off the power before you touched the wires, you _____ now.A) wouldn't have smiled B) didn't smile C) wouldn't be smiling D) couldn't have smiledPart IV TranslationSection A:Directions: Read the following passage and translate the 5 underlined sentences into Chinese.(5 points)(66) To be successful at business, you not only have to be good at what you do, but you have to be good at letting others know how good you are at what you do. You have to come up with a plan to get your product or service in the market place. You have to come up with a marketing plan. (67) This marketing plan involves two parts: you have to figure out who the market is; and you have to make the product or service known to that market. These two work together.It is a rare case in marketing when a product has appeal to everyone regardless of sex, age, income level or special interests.(68) The more typical case is that a product will appeal to a limited group of people who are willing to put down their hard-earned dollars to buy what you have to sell.(69) The basic question to keep in mind as you develop your marketing plan is: Who would want to buy the type of product I make and how can I develop it to be saleable to these special people? Once you define your market, you often have to modify your product to fit that market. Sometimes the answer to this question is clear and logical. Often, however, a business person has to do some research and experimentation to find the answer.(70) Many a business has failed because people didn't consider this obvious but critical question: Who is the market?66.____________________________________________________________________ ________67._____________________________________________________________ _______________68.____________________________________________________________________ ________69.____________________________________________________________________ ________70.____________________________________________________________________ ________Section BDirections: In this section, you will translate 5 sentences below into English. (10 points)71. 一群科学家上周在一次新闻发布会上宣布的克隆计划在全世界引起了轩然大波。

大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套)

2021年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及参考答案(第一套〕Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is foll owed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fou r choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and ma rk the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There is a difference between science and technology. Science is a method o f answering theoretical questions; technology is a method of solving practical problems. Science has to do with discovering the facts and relationships betwee n observable phenomena in nature and with establishing theories that serve to o rganize these facts and relationships; technology has to do with tools, techniq ues, and procedures for implementing the finding of science.Another distinction between science and technology has to do with the progr ess in each.Progress in science excludes the human factor. Scientists, who seek to comp rehend the universe and know the truth within the highest degree of accuracy an d certainty, cannot pay attention to their own or other people's likes or disli kes or to popular ideas about the fitness of things. What scientists discover m ay shock or anger people-as did Darwin's theory of evolution. But even an unple asant truth is more than likely to be useful; besides, we have the choice of re fusing to believe it! But hardly so with technology; we do not have the choiceof refusing to hear the sonic boom produced by a supersonic aircraft flying ove rhead; we do not have the option of refusing to breathe polluted air; and we do not have the option of living in a non-atomic age. Unlike science progress, te chnology must be measured in terms of the human factor. The legitimate purpose of technology is to serve people in general, not merely some people; and future generations, not merely those who presently wish to gain advantage for themsel ves. Technology must be humanistic if it is to lead to a better world.21. The difference between science and technology lies in that _____.A) the former provides answers to theoretical questions while the latter to practical problemsB) the former seeks to comprehend the universe while the latter helps chang e the material worldC) the former aims to discover the inter-connections of facts and the rules that explain them while the latter, to discover new designs and ways of making the things we use in our daily lifeD) all of the above22. Which of the following may be representative of science?A) The improvement of people's life.B) The theory of people's life.C) Farming tools.D) Mass production.23. According to the author, scientific theories _____.A) must be strictly objectiveB) usually take into consideration people's likes and dislikesC) should conform to popular opinionsD) always appear in perfect and finished forms24. The author states that technology itself _____.A) is responsible for widespread pollution and resource exhaustionB) should serve those who wish to gain advantage for themselvesC) will lead to a better world if put to wise useD) will inevitably be for bad purpose25. The tone of the author in this passage is _____.A) positive B) negative C) factual D) critical Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Americans have always been ambivalent in their attitudes toward education. On the one hand, free and universal public education was seen as necessary in a democracy, for how else would citizens learn how to govern themselves in a res ponsible way? On the other hand, America was always a country that offered fina ncial opportunities for which education was not needed: on the road from rags t o riches, schooling-beyond the basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic-was a n unnecessary detour.Even today, it is still possible for people to achieve financial success wi thout much education, but the number of situations in which this is possible is decreasing. In today's more complex world, the opportunities for financial suc cess is closely related to the need for education, especially higher education.Our society is rapidly becoming one whose chief product is information, and dealing with this information requires more and more specialized education. In other words, we grow up learning more and more about fewer and fewer subjects.In the future, this trend is likely to continue. Tomorrow's world will be e ven more complex than today's world, and, to manage this complexity, even more specialized education will be needed.26. The topic treated in this passage is _____.A) education in general B) Americans' attitudesC) higher education D) American education27. Americans' attitudes toward education have always been _____.A) certain B) contradictory C) ambitious D) unclear28. Today, financial success is closely related to the need for _____.A) higher education B) public education C) responsible citizens D) learning the basics29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _____.A) information is our only productB) education in the future will be specializedC) we are entering an age of informationD) we are living in an age of information30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A) The History of American Education.B) The Need for Specialized Education.C) The Future of the American Educational System.D) Attitudes toward American Education. Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.A growing world population and the discoveries of science may alter this pa ttern of distribution in the future. As men slowly learn to master diseases, co ntrol floods, prevent famines, and stop wars, fewer people die every year; andin consequence the population of the world is steadily increasing. In 1925 ther e were about 2,000 million people in the world; by the end of the century there may well be over 4,000 million.When numbers rise the extra mouths must be fed. New lands must be brought u nder cultivation, or land already farmed made to yield larger crops. In some ar eas the accessible land is so intensively cultivated that it will be difficult to make it provide more food. In some areas the population is so dense that the land is parceled out in units too tiny to allow for much improvement in farmin g methods. Were a large part of this farming population drawn off into industri al occupations, the land might be farmed much more productively by modern metho ds. There is now a race for science, technology, and industry to keep the outpu t of food rising faster than the number of people to be fed. New strains of cro ps are being developed which will thrive in unfavorable climates: there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle in Siberia and North America; irrigation and dr y-farming methods bring arid lands under the plough, dams hold back the waters of great rivers to ensure water for the fields in all seasons and to provide el ectric power for new industries; industrial chemistry provides fertilizers to s uit particular soils; aeroplanes spray crops to destroy locusts and many plant diseases. Every year some new means is devised to increase or to protect the fo od of the world.31. The author says that the world population is growing because _____.A) there are many rich valleys and fertile plainsB) the pattern of distribution is being alteredC) people are living longerD) new land is being brought under cultivation32. The author says that in densely populated areas the land might be more productively farmed if _____.A) the plots were subdividedB) a large part of the people moved to a different part of the countryC) industrial methods were used in farmingD) the units of land were made much larger33. We are told that there are now farms beyond the Arctic Circle. This has been made possible by _____.A) producing new strains of cropsB) irrigation and dry-farming methodsC) providing fertilizersD) destroying pests and disease34. Which of these words is nearest in meaning to the word "strains"?A) types B) sizes C) seeds D) harvests35. The author's main purpose is to _____.A) argue for a belief B) describe a phenomenonC) entertain D) propose a conclusion Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies-and other creatu res-learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理的) "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, no t otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways th at produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning th e head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned respon se with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children's responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as you ng as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movem ent "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of lear ning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to wat ch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display c ame on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights wh ich pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.36. According to the author, babies learn to do things which . A) are direc tly related to pleasure B) will meet their physical needsC) will bring them a feeling of success D) will satisfy their curiosity37. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .A) would make learned responses when it saw the milkB) would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC) would continue the simple movements without being given milkD) would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink38. In Papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in o rder to .A) have the lights turned onB) be rewarded with milkC) please their parentsD) be praised39. The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because .A) the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"B) the sight of the lights was interestingC) they need not turn back to watch the lightsD) they succeeded in "switching on" the lights40. According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something i s a reflection of .A) a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB) the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC) their strong desire to solve complex problemsD) a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each senten ce there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer S heet with a single line through the center.41. It's the in this country to go out and pick flower on the first day of spring.A) case B) custom C) habit D) precedent42. He didn't take the flat because he couldn't afford the .A) hire B) fare C) rent D) salary43. I've made an for you to see the dentist at 5 o'clock tomorrow.A) appointment B) interview C) opportunity D) assignation44. The house was poorly built; for , the roof leaked.A) short B) certain C) one thing D) sure45. the weather is concerned, I do not think it matters.A) So long as B) So far as C) As long as D) So far46. The continuous rain set the harvesting of wheat by two weeks.A) off B) back C) down D) about47. The helicopter hovered the trees.A) in B) over C) down D) up48.The mother made a shirt for the boy out of the of the cloth.A) odd and end B) odd and ends C) odds and end D) odds and ends49. Let's get this old barn. It's of no use to us.A) over B) ready C) rid of D) used to50. George's ability to learn from observations and experience greatly to h is success in public life.A) owed B) contributed C) attached D) related51. I asked him where my sister was, and he the store across the street.A) nodded B) indicated C) figured D) guessed52. They are staying with us the time being until they find a place of thei r own.A) during B) for C) since D) in53. 100 competitors had the race.A) put their names for B) entered forC) put themselves for D) taken part54. He me by two games to one.A) beat B) conquered C) gained D) won55. They have put the bird in a cage to it from flying away.A) avoid B) prevent C) forbid D) control56. In recent years, new buildings have up like mushrooms in the city.A) jumped B) sprung C) leapt D) put57. I from among the crowd an old friend of mine whom I hadn't seen for ten years.A) figured out B) picked out C) realized D) picked over58. I thought he'd never anything, but it's turned out that I was wrong.A) arrive B) amount to C) reach for D) add to59. He managed to pay off his debts.A) anyhow or other B) anyhow or anotherC) somehow or other D) somehow or another60. You'd better not Mr. Ganz. He may get angry.A) play a joke on B) play outC) play into the hands of D) play at61. We existed on nothing but the necessities.A) empty B) bare C) hollow D) undressed62. The seasons change, independent anyone's wishes.A) on B) to C) with D) of63. The mail was for two days because of the snowstorm.A) misled B) lost C) delayed D) damaged64. He has been absent class for quite some time.A) in B) for C) with D) from65. I owe a great deal my parents and teachers.A) to B) for C) toward D) of66. We must manage to do our work better with people.A) less money and few B) less money and fewerC) little money and less D) few money and less67. Mr. Black is to our English evening.A) more pleased than to come B) more pleased to come thanC) more than pleased to come D) more pleasing than to come68. You that car with the brakes out of order. You might have had a serious accident.A) ought to drive B) oughtn't do driveC) ought to have driven D) oughtn't to have driven69. If it for their support, we would be in a very difficult position.A) is not B) weren't C) was not D) be not70. If only we as we were told! This would never have happened.A) would do B) had done C) do D) didPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank th ere are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that b est fits into the passage.Everyone ___71___ of the President of the US ___72___ the most powerful man in ___73___. But when the representatives of the 13 former British colonies __ _74___ to draw up the constitution of the new country ___75___ 1788, ___76___ o f them were not sure whether they ___77___ to have a President at all. There we re even ___78___ who ___79___ a king, ___80___ their successful war against the British king, George III. The decision was in doubt ___81___ the last moment. One group wanted ___82___ for life, while ___83___ suggested that ___84___ not be a President, because a Committee would govern the country better; a third gr oup ___85___ a President ___86___ term of office would last seven years but who could not stand for reelection, because they were afraid he would spend his ti me ___87___ votes at the next election. In the end they chose George Washington as President for four years and let him ___88___ for reelection because they t rusted him. But they were ___89___ to make rules in case a future President ___ 90___ badly and these rules were used to get rid of President Nixon two hundred s years later.71. A) use to think B) think C) thinks D) uses to think72. A) to be B) being C) like D) as73. A) western world B) the western world C) accident D) the accident74. A) found B) met C) encountered D) put together75. A) at B) by C) on D) in76. A) a number B) a great deal C) a large amount D) the most77. A) should B) would C) needed D) must78. A) few B) a few C) little D) a little79. A) had preferred B) would have preferredC) should have preferred D) were preferring80. A) although B) however C) nevertheless D) in spite of81. A) until B) as far as C) so far as D) by82. A) that the President was elected B) that the President would be electe dC) to elect the PresidentD) to be elected the President83. A) another B) other C) the other D) some other84. A) it should B) it would C) there should D) there would85. A) would have liked B) would rather C) would like D) would be liking86. A) that's B) whose C) which D) of which87. A) looking for B) to look for C) to look at D) looking at88. A) stand B) to stand C) be standing D) that he stood89. A) so careful B) too careful C) careful enough D) enough careful90. A) would carry B) carried C) would behave D) behavedPart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a compos ition on the topic "The Expenses of an Average Worker". You should study the fo llowing table carefully and base your composition on the outlines given below. You should write at least 100 words.1. The changes in the worker's expenses from 1990 to 2000.2. The possible reasons for the changes.3. My prediction.The Expenses of an Average Worker2021年6月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷参考答案(第一套〕21-25. DBACC 26-30. DBABD 31. CDAAA 36-40. CCADA41-45. BCACB 46-50. BBDCB 51-55. BBBAB 56-60. BBBCA61-65. BDCDA 66-70. BCDBB 71-75. CDBBD 76-80. ACBBD81-85. ACACC 86-90. BAACC。

大学英语英语四级模拟题(包含答案) (1)

大学英语四级试卷（满分120分，考试时间90分钟）一、选择题：（本题共20小题，每小题3分，共60分）1. Although he had looked through all the reference material on the subject, he still found it hard to understand this point and her explanation only _____ to his confusion.A. extendedB. amountedC. addedD. turned2. Although he is over 60 now, he still cannot forget the traffic accident30 years ago of which his ________ is really a miracle.A. escapeB. survivalC. runawayD. victim3. Although he is very rich, his undutiful children are the _______ of his life.A. torchB. tormentC. topicD. topper4. Although I spoke to him many times, he never took any _______ of whatI said.A. noticeB. remarkC. observationD. attention5. Although most birds have only a negligible sense of smell, they have _______vision.A. vigorousB. exactC. acuteD. vivid6. Ms Simms is very sensitive ______ criticism.A. ofB. inC. toD. on7. It is an exception ________ the rules.A. ofB. inC. againstD. to8. She solved the problem _________a stroke.A. onB. ofC. atD. through9. Death always taken us _________ surprise, even though we know it is inevitable.A. inB. out ofC. byD. through10. The lady insists on her constitutional right _______ a passport in her maiden name.A. onB. toC. intoD. that11. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, _______ the behavior of a animal depends mainly on instinct.A. whereasB. soC. unlessD. that12. Wood furniture does not depreciate in value _______ properly handled and protecteD.A. ifB. hasC. andD. that13. Although much is done to supply enough for everyone, ______ of foodwill long be a world problem.A. lackB. shortageC. absenceD. decline14. Archaeologists ______ the walls of the old city at a depth of several metres below the surface.A. determinedB. locatedC. provedD. defined15. A large ___ of money is spent on import every year.A. accountB. amountC. numberD. quality16. Whether we are feeling happy or sad, ____ our emotions will make us feel more relaxeD.A. shareB. sharedC. sharingD. to sharing17. _____ that the whole roof was blown off.A. So terrible the storm may beB. So terribly the storm may beC. So terrible was the stormD. So terribly was the storm18. ---Let’s go for a walk.---Yes, today’s weather isn’t as cold as it was yesterday, ____?A. wasn’t itB. was itC. isn’t itD. is it19. --- How much is the desk?---it__ninety-nine pounds.( )A. costsB. Pays toC. spendsD. Takes is20. I am afraid I won't be able to keep in touch__him.( )A. To goB. For ifC. withD. By too二、单词拼写（共计15分）1.Mr. Li moved to the seashore in his f______(四十来岁).2.H______(听到) the good news, we all jumped with joy.3．Before _______________ (冒险), you should balance the benefits as well as the dangers.4．The unique design of the hotel can make the customers ________ ________ ________.(不拘束) (根据汉语提示完成句子）5．________ ________ (一般来说), diligence can lead to positive results. (根据汉语提示完成句子）三、阅读理解：(共30分)If the population of the earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there will eventually not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.By the middle of the 21st century,if present trends continue, we will have used up all the oil that drives our cars,for example.Even if scientists develop new ways of feeding the human race,the crowded conditions on earth will make it necessary for lus to look for open space somewhere else. But none of the other planets in our solar system arecapable of supporting life at present. One possible solution to the problem, however,has recently been suggested by American scientist, Professor Carl Sagan. Sagan believes that before the earth's resources are compleetely exhausted it will be possible to change the atmophere of Venus and so create a new world almost as large as earth itself. The difficult is that Venus is much hotter than the earth and there is only a tiny amount of water there.Sagan proposes that algae organisms that can live in extremely hot or cold atmospheres and at the same time produce oxygen,should be bred in condition similar to those on Venus.As soon as this has been done, the algae will be placed in small rockets. Spaceship will then fly to Venus and fire the rockets into the atmosphere .In a fairly short time, the alge will break down the carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon. When the algae have done theri work, the atmosphere will become cooler,but befor man can set foot on Venus it will be neccessary for the oxygen to produce rain. The surface of the planet will still be too hot for man to land on it but the rain will eventually fall and in a few years something like earth will be reproduced on Venus.1.Inte long run, the most insoluble problem caused by population growth on earth will probably be the lack of ______.A.foodB.oilC.spaceD.resources2.Carl Sagan believes that Venus might be colonized from earth because_____A.it might be possible to change its atmosphereB.its atmosphere is the same as the earth'sC.there is a good supply of water on VenusD.the days on Venus are long enough3.On Venus there is a lot of ________.A.waterB.carbon dioxideC.carbon monoxideD.oxygen4.Algae are plants that can____.A.live in very hot temperaturesB.live in very cold temperaturesC.manufacture oxygenD.all of the above5. Man can land on Venus only when_______.A.the algae have done their workB.the atmosphere becomes coolerC.thereis oxygenD.it rains there四、书面表达：请起草一份通知，用一段话说明以下要点：参观日期： 3月25日，星期天时间：早上8点钟出发。

大学英语四级模拟卷一

机密★启用前大学英语四级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST-Band four-（模拟测试题第1套）试题册☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆敬告考生一、在答题前,请认真完成以下内容:1. 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量,如有问题及时向监考员反映, 确认无误后完成以下两点要求。

2. 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内,并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。

3. 请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称,并用HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。

二、在考试过程中,请注意以下内容:1. 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答,在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。

2. 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试,作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。

听力录音播放完毕后,请立即停止作答,监考员将立即收回答题卡1,得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。

3. 作文题内容印在试题册背面, 作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。

4. 选择题均为单选题,错选、不选或多选将不得分,作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂,修改时须用橡皮擦净。

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2. 未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。

3. 未用所规定的笔作答、折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。

4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A. 2 dollars. B. 100 dollars.C. 1,982 dollars.D. 60,000 dollars.2. A. The thieves stole the book with no body there.B. The thieves stole the book with the writer there.C. The thieves stole the book with employees and guards there.D. The thieves stole the book with the police there.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A. The bus skidded off the icy bridge.B. The prisoners fought against the prison staff.C. The driver drank too much.D. The brake system broke down.4. A. 8. B. 10.C. 12.D. 15.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5. A. Concerns about migrant riots.B. Concerns about migrant drowning.C. Concerns about migrant family.D. Concerns about migrant education.6. A. 28. B. 96.C. 700.D. 1,500.7. A. The Europeans are nice. C. The weather is good.B. The sea is comparatively small. D. The rescuers are well-trained.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spokenonly once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the center.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. It specializes in safety from leaks. C. It has a partnership with LCP.B. It is headquartered in London. D. It has a chemical processing plant.9. A. He is Mr. Grand's friend. C. He is a salesman.B. He is a safety inspector. D. He is a chemist.10. A. Director of the safety department. C. Head of the personnel department.B. Mr. Grand's personal assistant. D. The public relations officer.11. A. Wait for Mr. Grand to call back.B. Leave a message for Mr. Grand.C. Provide details of their products and services.D. Send a comprehensive description of their word.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. She learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.B. She dreamed of working and living in a European country.C. She read a lot about European musicians and their music.D. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.13. A. She began taking violin lessons as a small child.B. She was a pupil of a famous European violinist.C. She gave her first performance with her father.D. She became a professional violinist at fifteen.14. A. When she was eight.C. When she was 15.B. When she was nine. D. When she was 16.15. A. It gave her a chance to explore the city.B. It was the chance of a lifetime.C. It was a great challenge to her.D. It helped her learn classical French music.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1witha single line through the center.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. There are mysterious stories behind his works.B. There are many misunderstandings about him.C. His works have no match worldwide.D. His personal history is little known.17. A. He moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.B. He failed to go beyond grammar school.C. He was a member of the town council.D. He once worked in a well-known acting company.18. A. Writers of his time had no means to protect their works.B. Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.C. His works were adapted beyond recognition.D. People of his time had little interest in him.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. Theft. C. Air crash.B. Cheating. D. Road accidents.20. A. Learn the local customs. C. Book tickets well in advance.B. Make hotel reservations. D. Have the right documents.21. A. Contact your agent. C. Use official transport.B. Get a lift if possible. D. Have a friend meet you.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. Cut down production cost. C. Specialise in gold ornaments.B. Sell inexpensive products. D. Refine the taste of his goods.23. A. At a national press conference.B. During a live television interview.C. During a local sales promotion campaign.D. At a meeting of top British business people.24. A. Insulted. B. Puzzled. C. Distressed. D. Discouraged.25. A. The words of some business people are just rubbish.B. He who never learns from the past is bound to fail.C. There should be a limit to one’s sense of humor.D. He is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once．A sunflower is a sunflower. A mobile phone is a mobile phone. But can you __26__ the two to do something for your local __27__?It may well be possible. When you have finished with your mobile phone, you will be able to __28__ it in the garden or a plant pot and wait for it to flower.__29__, a biodegradable (生物可降解的) mobile phone was introduced by scientists. It is hoped that the new type of phone will encourage __30__ to recycle.Scientists have come up with a new material over the last five years. It looks like any other __31__ and can be hard or soft, and able to change shape. Overtime it can also break down into the soil without giving out any toxic __32__. British researchers used the new material to develop a phone cover that contains a sunflower seed. When this new type of cover turns into waste, it __33__ nitrates (硝酸盐). These feed the seed and help the flower grow.Engineers have designed a small __34__ window to hold the seed. They have made sure it only grows whenthe phone is thrown away.“We’ve only put sunflower seeds into the covers so far. But we are working with plant __35__ to find outSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.How Your Language Affects Your Wealth and Health[A] Does the language we speak determine how healthy and rich we will be? New research by Keith Chen of YaleBusiness School suggests so. The structure of languages affects our judgments and decisions about the future and this might have dramatic long-term consequences.[B] There has been a lot of research into how we deal with the future. For example, the famous marshmallow (棉花糖) studies of Walter Mischel and colleagues showed that being able to resist temptation is predictive of future success. Four-year-old kids were given a marshmallow and were told that if they do not eat that marshmallow and wait for the experimenter to come back, they will get two marshmallows instead of one.Follow-up studies showed that the kids who were able to wait for the bigger future reward became more successful young adults.[C] Resisting our impulses for immediate pleasure is often the only way to attain the outcomes that are importantto us. We want to keep a slim figure but we also want that last slice of pizza. We want a comfortable retirement, but we also want to drive that dazzling car, go on that dream vacation, or get those gorgeous shoes. Some people are better at delaying gratification (满足) than others. Those people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life style. They are less likely to be impulse buyers or smokers, or to engage in unsafe sex.[D] Chen’s recent findings suggest that an unlikely factor, language, strongly affects our future-oriented behavior.Some languages strongly distinguish the present and the future. Other languages only weakly distinguish the present and t he future. Chen’s recent research suggests that people who speak languages that weakly distinguish the present and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way these people conceptualize the future is similar to theway they conceptualize the present. As a result, the future does not feel very distant and it is easier for them to act in accordance with their future interests.[E] Different languages have different ways of talking about the future. Some languages, such as English, Korean,and Russian, require their speakers to refer to the future explicitly (明确地) . Every time English-speakers talk about the future, they have to use future markers such as “will” or “going to”. In other languages, such as Mandarin, Japanese, and German, future markers are not obligatory (强制性的). The future is often talked about similar to the way present is talked about and the meaning is understood from the context. A Mandarin speaker wh o is going to go to a seminar might say “Wo qu ting jiangzuo,” which translates to “I go listen seminar.” Languages such as English constantly remind their speakers that future events are distant. For speakers of languages such as Mandarin future feels closer. As a consequence, resisting immediate impulses and investing for the future is easier for Mandarin speakers.[F] Chert analyzed individual-level data from 76 developed and developing countries. This data includes people’seconomic decisions, such as whether they saved any money last year, the languages they speak at home, demographics (人口统计资料), and cultural factors such as “saving is an important cultural value for me.”He also analyzed individual-level data on people’ s retirement assets, smoking and exercising habits, and general health in older age. Lastly, he analyzed national-level data that indicates national savings rates, country GDP and GDP growth rates, country demographics, and proportions of people speaking different languages.[G] People’s savings rates are affected by various factors such as their income, education level, age, religiousconnection, their countries’ legal systems, and their cultural values. After those factors were accounted for, the effect of language on people’s savings rates turned out to be big. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers, such as English, makes people 30 percent less likely to save money for the future.This effect is as large as the effect of unemployment. Being unemployed decreases the likelihood of saving by about 30 percent as well.[H] Similar analyses showed that speaking a language that does not have obligatory future markers, such asMandarin, makes people accumulate more retirement assets, smoke less, exercise more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countries’ national saving s rates are also affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people speaking languages that does not have obligatory future markers makes national savings rates higher.[I] At a more practical level, researchers have been looking for ways to help people act in accordance with theirlong-term interests. Recently, findings suggest that making the future feel closer to the present might improve future-oriented behavior. For instance, researchers recently presented people with renderings of their future selves made using age-progression algorithms (算法) that forecast how physical appearances would change over time. One group of participants saw a digital representation of their current selves in a virtual mirror, and the other group saw an age-morphed version of their future selves. Those participants who sawthe age-morphed version of their future selves allocated more money toward a hypothetical savings account.The intervention brought people’ s future to the present and as a result they saved more for the future.[J] Chen’s research shows that language structures our future-related thoughts. Language has been used before to alter time perception with surprising effects. Ellen Langer and colleagues famously improved older people’ s physical health by simple interventions including asking them to talk about the events of twenty years ago as if it they were happening now. Talking about the past as if it were the present changed people’s mindsets and their mindsets affected their physical states. Chen’s re search points at the possibility that the way we talk about the future can shape our mindsets. Language can move the future back and forth in our mental space and this might have dramatic influences on our judgments and decisions.36. Usually, preventing ourselves from enjoying immediate pleasure impulsively is the only way to achieve the outcomes that are important to us.37. The structure of languages influences us when we are making a judgment or decision about the future.38. Speaking a language that has obligatory future markers and being unemployed nearly share the same percentage of decreasing the likelihood of saving.39. According to the well-known marshmallow studies, people who can resist temptation tend to be successful in the future.40. People who speak languages like English are more likely to feel that the future events are distant.41. National savings rates of countries are influenced by language as well.42. In Chen’s recent research, people who speak languages in which the present and the future are weakly distinguished are more prepared for the future.43. Recent findings show that it is possible to improve future-oriented behavior through making the future feel closer to the present.44. Through simple interventions, Ellen Langer and colleagues made the physical health of the older people changed for the better.45. Chen made an analysis of individual-level statistics from 76 developed and developing nations.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.People’s tastes in recreation differ widely. At a recent festival of pop-music in the Isle of Wight, crowds of teenagers flocked to listen to their favorite singers and musicians. They went with single railway tickets and slept in the open, a very risky thing to do in the climate of Britain, even in August. They were packed together like sardines for four days. There were innumerable thieves, a gang of roughs tried several times to break things up, and police were everywhere. At the end of the festival many young fans found themselves broke, with no money left, and they had difficulty in getting back home. Most people would consider these conditions a nightmare ofdiscomfort; the fans appeared to enjoy it all enormously.Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large tracts of open un-spoilt country, where people with more traditional tastes can go for quiet, and for the sense of freedom they derive from contact with nature. In the national parks especially, modern development of housing and industry is strictly controlled. Visitors may walk for miles through landscape of the greatest beauty and wildness, and often of considerable historic or scientific interest. Along the coasts of some of the maritime counties, public pathways have been created; these paths stretch for many miles along cliffs that look out on the Atlantic Ocean or the English Channel. Another path, lying inland, goes along the range of mountains in the north of England. It is called the Pennine Way. Here, the long-distance walker and the nature-lover can find much to enjoy, without feeling disturbed by large numbers of their fellows.Yet few people make full use of the national parks established for everyone's benefit. The commonest thing nowadays is for family groups to motor out to a beautiful spot and park their cars in a lay-by (英国的路旁停车带). A picnic basket is produced, along with a folding table and chairs, a kettle and a portable stove. They then settle down to a picnic in the lay-by beside the car. Apparently their idea of enjoyment is to get into the fresh air and among the country sights and sounds without having to wall a yard. They seem almost to like to hear and to smell the traffic.46. In Britain it is very risky to __________.A. go with a single railway ticketB. listen to pop-music at the festivalC. sleep in the openD. pack together in crowds47. At the end of the festival, many young fans __________.A. were arrested by the policeB. had spent most of their moneyC. were sleeping outD. became quite penniless48. Even in the overcrowded United Kingdom there are large __________.A. tracks through the open countryB. areas of country without soilC. areas of countryside not developedD. expanses of land where nobody works49. Public pathways are created for people to __________.A. commute to workB. enjoy long-distance walkingC. wall to maritime countiesD. visit the historic or scenic sites50. Family groups nowadays like to __________.A. have meals out of doors by the road-sideB. go for a walk away from homeC. drive out past the beautiful placesD. hear and smell the animalsPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man as it is for a woman. A man goes shopping because he needs something. His purpose is settled and decided in advance. He knows what he wants, and his objective is to find it and buy it; the price is a secondary consideration. All men simply walk into a shop and ask the assistant for what they want. If the shop has it in stock, the salesman promptly produces it, and the business of trying it on proceeds at once. All being well, the deal can be and often is completed in less than five minutes, with hardly any chat and to everyone’s satisfaction.For a man, slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants, or does not have exactly what he wants. In that case the salesman, as the name implies, tries to sell the customer something else--he offers the nearest he can to the article required. No good salesman brings out such a substitute bluntly; he does so with skill and polish. “I know this jacket is not the style you want, sir, but would you like to try it for size? It happens to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have patience with this treatment, and the usual response is: “This is the right color and may be the right size, but I should be wasting my time and yours by trying it on.”Now how does a woman go about buying clothes? In almost every respect she does so in the opposite way.Her shopping is not often based on need. She has never fully made up her mind what she wants, and she is only “having a look around”. She is always open to persuasion; indeed she sets great store by what the saleswoman tells her, even by what companions tell her. She will try on any number of things. Uppermost in her mind is the thought of finding something that everyone thinks suits her. Contrary to a lot of jokes, most women have an excellent sense of value when they buy clothes. They are always on the look-out for the unexpected bargain. Faced with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another, to and fro, often retracing her steps, before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. It is a laborious process, but apparently an enjoyable one. So most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting husbands.51. When a man is buying clothes, __________.A. he chooses things that others recommendB. he buys cheap things, regardless of qualityC. he buys good things, so long as they are not too expensiveD. he does not mind how much he has to pay for the right things52. In commerce a good salesman is one who __________.A. sells something a customer does not particularly wantB. always has in stock the thing the customer wantsC. can find out quickly the goods requiredD. does not waste his time on difficult customers53. What does a man do when he cannot get exactly what he wants?A. He buys something that is similar enough to the ideal one.B. He usually does not buy anything.C. At least two of his requirements must be met before he buys.D. So long as the style is right, he buys the thing.54. According to this passage, when shopping for clothes, women __________.A. often buy things without thinkingB. seldom buy cheap clothesC. welcome suggestions from anyoneD. never take any advice55. What is the most obvious difference between men and women shoppers?A. The fact that men do not try clothes on in a shop.B. Women bargain for their clothes, but men do not.C. Women stand up while shopping, but men sit down.D. The time they take over buying clothes.Part ⅣTranslation(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.天安门广场（Tiananmen Square）位于北京市中心，是世界上最大的广场。

2021年大学英语四级模拟试题一

大学英语四级模仿试题（一）Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section,you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation,a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause,you must read the four choices marked A),B),C)and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Example:You will read：A) At the office. B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This conversation is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore,A)“At the office” is the best answer. You should choose A) on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］1. A) The fourth floor. B) The fifth floor. C) The sixth floor. D) The seventh floor.2. A) John bought a cheap computer. B) John bought Morris a computer.C) Morris bought a computer from John. D) Morris bought a new computer.3. A) Recognize Jane first. B) Tell the woman why.C) Go on a diet. D) Feel at ease.4. A) The white one. B) The brick one.C) The prettier one. D) The better one.5. A) The summer this year is terribly hot. B) Last summer was even hotter.C) Hot weather helps lose weight. D) Light was stronger this morning.6. A) No one on the bus was injured.B) Everyone on the bus was injured.C) Only one student on the bus was injured.D) More than one student on the bus was injured.7. A) Drawing some money. B) Opening a deposit account.C) Saving much money. D) Putting money in the bank.8. A) They have too little patience. B) They are not strict with students.C) They are very hard on students. D) They are more hardworking than before.9. A) The woman is very worried. B) The man doesn’t like thinking.C) The man has done something wrong. D) The woman can do nothing for the man.10. A) Because the waist was a bit too tight.B) Because there wasn’t any of her size.C) Because she didn’t look good in the dress.D) Because the style was not what she liked.Section B：Compound DictationA supermarket club card is a new way for people to save money on items they buy. People used to cut out coupons (赠券)to(S1) save money. Now they use a card that looks like a(S2)credit card when they pay for items. Only people with cards can get the(S3)lower price.To get a card，people must give out their name，address，and other(S4)personal information. Everything club card-users buy is (S5)stored on a computer in a file with their name on it. In the coupon days，no one kept (S6)track of the things peoplebought. Now，computers allow huge(S7)amounts of information to be saved.In order to save money with the cards，people could lose privacy. So far，the information，or data，is private. But that could change. There are many companies who might be interested in knowing what people buy. For instance，(S8)an insurance company might want to know if their clients buy healthy food，or if people buy a lot of medicine from the store.A California Senator，Debra Bowen，wants to make sure there are laws to protect data kept on computers. She says,“(S9)The laws that govern privacy really haven’t caught up with technology. ”Stores that use club cards have promised to keep the information private. (S10)Some people are afraid the stores might change their minds if companies offered enough money. Some people say the information is worth as much as treasure.Part ⅡReading Comprehension(35 minutes)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.The predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all，there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century，despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an intriguing theory called “risk homeostasis”. According to this theory，people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer，people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If，for instance，they are required to wear seat belts，they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly，thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer，the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. It appears，then，that we have an innate need for danger.In all events，it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life，it isn’t simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions … eating the right fo ods，not smoking，driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons personalities and found，somewhat to their surprise，that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side，it seems，can add years to your life span.11. What social scientists have long felt puzzled about is why .A) the mortality rate can not be predictedB) the death toll remained stable year after yearC) a quota for each type of death has not come into beingD) people lost their lives every year for this or that reason12. In his research，Gerald Wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards .A) have helped solve the problem of so high death rateB) have oddly accounted for mortality rates in the past centuryC) have reduced mortality rates for violent and accidental deathsD) have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths13. According to the theory of “risk homeostasis”，some traffic accidents result from .A) our innate desire for riskB) our fast and reckless drivingC) our ignorance of seat belt benefitsD) our instinctive interest in speeding14. By saying “…statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers” (Para. 2),the author means .A) wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of viewB) deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as those from not wearing themC) deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat beltsD) wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents15. Which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?A) Showing adequate trust instead of suspicion of othersB) Eating the food low in fat and driving with great careC) Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heartD) Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of riskPassage TwoQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.In California the regulators，the utilities and the governor all want the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission to cap spot (现货) market prices. The Californians claim it will rein in outrageous prices. Federal regulators have refused. The battle is on.Governor Gray Davis says,“I’m not happy with the Federal Regulatory Commission at all. They’re living in an ivory tower. If their bills were going up like the people in San Diego，they would know that this is a real problem in the real world.”As part of deregulation，price caps were removed to allow for a free market. Timing is everything；natural gas prices had already skyrocketed. Demand was high from California’s booming econom y. No new power plants had been built here in ten years，and power producers had the right to hike prices along with demand. And hike them they did.Loretta Lynch of the Public Utilities Commission says,” This commission and all of California was beating down the door of federal regulators to say‘help us impose reasonable price caps to help to keep our market stable.”Federal regulators did ask for longer-term contracts between power producers and the utilities to stabilize prices. The federal commission，unavailable for comment on this story，released a recent statement defending its position not to re-regulate.Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Dec. 15,：“The commission s intention is to enable the markets to catch up to current supply and demand problems and not to reintroduce command and control regulation that has helped to produce the current crisis.”Some energy experts believe that，without temporary price caps，the crisis will continue.Severin Borenstein of the U.C. Energy Institute says,“Som e federal regulators have a blind commitment to making the market work and I think part of the problem is they really don t understand what s going on.”Gary Ackerman of the Western Power Trading Forum says,“He’s dead wrong about that. The federal regulators understand far better than any individual state that，though it might be painful and it certainly is painful in California，price caps don’t work. They never work.”16. The battle between Californians and federal regulators is about .A) control over the price of powerB) necessity of removing price capsC) hiking the energy prices in CaliforniaD) a regulation concerning power supply17. Governor Gray Davis was dissatisfied with the Federal Regulatory Commission because .A) they did not know what the real problem wasB) they were living an easy life in an ivory towerC) they could not experience the life in San DiegoD) they turned a blind eye to the situation in California18. The Federal Commission uncapped the energy price with the intention to .A) help California’s economy booming steadilyB) prevent power price from going up any furtherC) enable the market to deal with supply and demand problemsD) have contracts signed between power producers and the utilities19. To help keep prices from going higher，people and groups in California .A) imposed reasonable price capsB) beat down the door of federal regulatorsC) urged the federal authorities to take actionD) struggled against federal policy to hike prices20. Energy experts against price caps believe that .A) the present situation in California will continue unless there is price controlB) the current crisis is partly attributed to previous command and control policyC) price caps can temporarily solve energy problems an individual state meets withD) they do understand what is going on in California and will take proper measuresPassage ThreeQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Another cultural aspect of nonverbal communication is one that you might not think about：space. Every person perceives himself to have a sort of invisible shield surrounding his physical body. When someone comes too close，he feels uncomfortable. When he bumps onto someone，he feels obligated to apologize. But the size of a person’s “comfort zone” depends on his cultural ethnic origin. For example，in casual conversation，many Americans stand about four feet apart. In other words，they like to keep each other “at arm s length”,people in Latin or Arab cultures，in contrast，stand very close to each other，and touch each other often. If someone from one of those cultures stands too close to an American while in conversation，the American may feel uncomfortable and back away.When Americans are talking，they expect others to respond to what they aresaying. To Americans，polite conversationalists empathize by displaying expressions of excitement or disgust，shock or sadness. People with a “poker face”，whose emotions are hidden by a deadpan expression，are looked upon with suspicion. Americans also indicate their attentiveness in a conversation by raising their eyebrows，nodding，smiling politely and maintaining good eye contact. Whereas some cultures view direct eye contact as impolite or threatening，Americans see it as a sign of genuineness and honesty. If a person doesn’t look you in the eye，American might say，you should question his motives—or assume that he doesn’t like you. Yet with all the concern for eye contact，Americans still consider staring—especially at strangers—to be rude.21. What the author discussed in the previous section is most probably about .A) classification of nonverbal communicationB) the reasons why people should think about spaceC) the relationship between communication and spaceD) some other cultural aspects of nonverbal communication22. How far people keep to each other while talking is closely associated with their .A) origin B) culture C) custom D) nationality23. When an Italian talks to an Arabian on informal occasions,.A) he stands about four feet awayB) “comfort zone” does not existC) keeping close enough is preferredD) communication barriers may emerge24. A “poker face” (Line 3,Para. 2) refers to a face which is .A) attentive B) emotional C) suspicious D) expressionless25. In a conversation between friends，Americans regard it as sincere and truthful to .A) maintain direct eye contactB) hide emotions with a deadpan expressionC) display excitement or disgust，shock or sadnessD) raise their eyebrows,nod and smile politelyPassage FourQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.We all know that DNA has the ability to identify individuals but，because it is inherited，there are also regions of the DNA strand which can relate an individual to his or her family (immediate and extended)，tribal group and even an entire population. Molecular Genealogy (宗谱学) can use this unique identification provided by the genetic markers to link people together into family trees. Pedigrees (家谱) based on such genetic markers can mean a breakthrough for family trees where information is incomplete or missing due to adoption，illegitimacy or lack of records. There are many communities and populations which have lost precious records due to tragic events such as the fire in the Irish courts during Civil War in 1921 or American slaves for whom many records were never kept in the first place.The main objective of the Molecular Genealogy Research Group is to build a database containing over 100,000 DNA samples from individuals all over the world. These individuals will have provided a pedigree chart of at least four generations and a small blood sample. Once the database has enough samples to represent the world genetic make-up，it will eventually help in solving many issues regarding genealogies that could not be done by relying only on traditional written records. Theoretically，any individual will someday be able to trace his or her family origins through thisdatabase.In the meantime，as the database is being created，molecular genealogy can already verify possible or suspected relationships between individuals. “For example，if two men sharing the same last name believe that they are related，but no written record proves this relationship，we can verify this possibility by collecting a sample of DNA from both and looking for common markers (in this case we can look primarily at the Y chromosome (染色体)),” explains Ugo A. Perego，a member of the BYU Molecular Genealogy research team.26. People in a large area may possess the same DNA thread because .A) DNA is characteristic of a regionB) they are beyond doubt of common ancestryC) DNA strand has the ability to identify individualsD) their unique identification can be provided via DNA27. The possible research of family trees is based on the fact that .A) genetics has achieved a breakthroughB) genetic information contained in DNA can be revealed nowC) each individual carries a unique record of who he is and how he is related to othersD) we can use DNA to prove how distant an individual is to a family，a group ora population28. The Molecular Genealogy Research Group is building a database for the purpose of .A) offering assistance in working out genealogy-related problemsB) solving many issues without relying on traditional written recordsC) providing a pedigree chart of at least four generations in the worldD) confirming the assumption that all individuals are of the same origin29. If two men suspected for some reason they have a common ancestor，.A) we can decide according to their family treeB) we can find the truth from their genetic markersC) we can compare the differences in their Y chromosomeD) we can look for written records to prove their relationship30. Which of the following CANNOT be inferred from the passage?A) We are a walking,living,breathing record of our ancestorsB) Many American slaves did not know who their ancestors were.C) An adopted child generally lacks enough information to prove his identity.D) Molecular genealogy can be used to prove a relationship between individuals.Part ⅢVocabulary(20 minutes)Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet witha single line through the centre.31. WTO is regarded by some countries as an access to foreign markets rather than as a for opening up the home market.A) commerce B) committee C) commitment D) commission32. We should recognize that every company and every person is part of a long of customers and suppliers.A) pool B) line C) stream D) chain33. Today the small town is better against flood than it was 20 years ago.A) protected B) prevented C) preserved D) prepared34. Did you mean I should keep the receipt?I m afraid I have .A) run it over B) torn it up C) taken it apart D) shaken it off35. Unlike photocopies of books，the digital copies are virtually in quality to the original.A) similar B) identical C) resembling D) alike36. The price of fresh vegetables according to the weather.A) fluctuates B) increases C) soars D) maintains37. Your proposal looks good ,but I am not convinced it can be put into effect.A) on paper B) at sight C) under cover D) in bulk38. The government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must bear the .A) results B) outcomes C) effects D) consequences39. The elderly people in this country are entitled to a special heating allowance from the government when they pass the age of sixty.A) claim B) declare C) inquire D) apply40. The snow has been steadily for hours and the ground is completely covered.A) showering B) dropping C) descending D) falling41. The hostess went to great to make the child comfortable and feel at home.A) efforts B) lengths C) heights D) details42. You said the post office is on this block，can you be a bit more ?A) particular B) specific C) abstract D) especial43. His composition was so confusing that I could hardly make any of it whatsoever.A) meaning B) message C) information D) sense44. I am afraid that you have to alter your views in light of the tragic news that has just arrived.A) optimistic B) distressing C) indifferent D) pessimistic45. As the saying goes，reading without reflecting is like eating without .A) chewing B) tasting C) digesting D) releasing46. All of us did quite a good job but the teacher only him out for praise.A) yelled B) singled C) selected D) pulled47. Without a sure supply of water，farming in that area remains at the of the weather.A) disposal B) risk C) cost D) mercy48. Industrial communities should be close enough to crowded centers but enough to reduce potential dangers.A) advanced B) reliable C) distant D) sophisticated49. She had a guilty about not telling the police what had actually happened.A) consciousness B) conscience C) consequence D) confusion50. There is a beautiful of pine forest near my country house.A) extension B) length C) spell D) stretch51. We’ve all our time and effort in this plan，and we don’t want it to fail.A) invested B) exhausted C) devoted D) assigned52. The workers demands were，they only asked for a small raise in their wages.A) general B) moderate C) partial D) numerous53. You should know to spend all your money on those impractical fancy goods.A) other than B) rather than C) more than D) better than54. Everybody seemed to have known about his scandal，only his wife was kept in the .A) dark B) ignorance C) shade D) shadow55. All students in the class a loud laugh when the professor told them a joke.A) let up B) let down C) let off D) let out56. It can be safely that there is no living beings on that planet.A) resumed B) assessed C) assumed D) assured57. There are certain when you have to interrupt people who are in the middle of doing something.A) chances B) situations C) occasions D) opportunities58. Mother into the room and kissed her sleeping baby.A) crept B) staggered C) rushed D) marched59. The building started with a steel which was later filled in with bricks and concrete.A) institution B) terminal C) sightseeing D) framework60. This book does not have an structure. Some parts are even contradictory .A) integrated B) informed C) intensive D) inwardPart ⅣCloze(15 minutes)Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D)on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the centre.A food bank is the center of food collection and distribution in a community. This food usually 61 from grocery stores or manufacturers that have thousands of pounds of food to give 62 . Food banks operate intricate and advanced warehousing operations，63 food is collected，64 and re-distributed to the community. Traditionally，a food bank does not distribute food 65 to those in 66 . 67 ,food banks serve an 68 network of organizations in their 69 communities. These organizations serve one part of the 70 and know the needs of the people there. 71 ,working together，the food bank and the community organization can serve a greater 72 ofpeople in the most efficient way.Many food banks provide 73 services. They 74 from after school feeding programs，75 Kids Cafe,to community agriculture projects.In the aftermath (其后一段时期) of welfare reform，food banks throughout the country are raising private 76 to operate innovative programs and to 77 those who are hungry. Every food bank strives to be a hunger advocate,producing 78 studies and tracking statistics，while lending their hands-on expertise to get legislation passed and ensuring that the 79 of domestic hunger is not lost in the shadow of an “ 80 boom”.61. A) results B) collects C) comes D) gathers62. A) away B) out C) over D) off63. A) which B) where C) what D) how64. A) accepted B) offered C) processed D) sorted65. A) instantly B) directly C) voluntarily D) readily66. A) need B) haste C) debt D) order67. A) However B) Otherwise C) Instead D) Certainly68. A) abnormal B) optional C) imaginary D) extensive69. A) individual B) respective C) special D) widespread70. A) organization B) bank C) operation D) community71. A) Therefore B) Nevertheless C) Still D) Conversely72. A) amount B) deal C) number D) quantity73. A) regular B) other C) daily D) depositing74. A) change B) alter C) differ D) range75. A) including B) providing C) managing D) distributing76. A) demands B) properties C) funds D) plans77. A) shelter B) feed C) clothe D) finance78. A) poverty B) welfare C) hunger D) food79. A) issue B) policy C) reform D) project80. A) economical B) economics C) economy D) economicPart ⅤWriting(30 minutes)Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter Applying for a Bank Loan. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.1．你基本状况2．你申请贷款因素、数额及用途3．你如何保证专款专用以及你还款打算大学英语四级最新模仿试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension1. B2. A3. C4. B5. A6. B7. D8. B9. C10. DS1-S10Part ⅡReading Comprehension11. B12. D13. A14. C15. C16. A17. D18. C19. C20. B21. D22. B23. C24. D25. A26. B27. C28. A29. B30. CPart ⅢV ocabulary31. C32. D33. A34. B35. B36. A37. A38. D39. A40. D41. B42. B43. D44. A45. C46. B47. D48. C49. B50. D51. A52. B53. D54. A55. D56. C57. C58. A59. D60. APart ⅣCloze61. C62. A63. B64. D65. B66. A67. C68. D69. B70. D71. A72. C73. B74. D75. A76. C77. B78. C79. A80. DPart ⅤWriting写作提示：本文规定写一封贷款信。

2023年大学英语四级模拟试题附答案

2023最新大学英语四级模拟试题（一）Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Popularity of Getting Certificates on Campus. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.大学校园内多种证书旳报考十分火热2.大学生考证旳利弊3.考证面前，我旳选择The Popularity of Getting Certificates on CampusPart ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Main Energies for the BodyA balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.CarbohydratesCarbohydrates are a rapid source of energy, they are the body's fuel. The bulk of a balanced diet should be made from carbohydrates. If eaten in an excess of the dietary requirements carbohydrates are easily stored as fats in the cells, although carbohydrate is the first source of energy in the body. An average adult requires about 12,000kJ of energy a day, most of this is supplied by the respiration of carbohydrates in the cells.Carbohydrates are used principally as a respiratory substrates, i.e. to be oxidized to release energy for active transport, macromolecule synthesis, cell division and muscle contraction. Carbohydrates are digested in the duodenum and ileum and absorbed as glucose into cells. Sources of carbohydrates such as starch are rice, potatoes, wheat and other cereals. Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar - sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars - fructose. If the diet lacks carbohydrate stores of fat are mobilized and used as an energy source.ProteinsProtein is not a direct source of energy in the body, it is used primarily for growth and repair of body tissues while remaining an energy source as a last resort. Proteins fulfill a wide variety of roles in the body. They are broken down in the stomach and intestines to amino acids which are then absorbed. The body can only form 8 amino acids to build proteins from, the diet must provide Essential Amino Acids (EAAs) which are synthesized into proteins which can be structural, i.e. collagen in bone, keratin in hair, myosin and actinin muscle; metabolic enzymes, hemoglobin, protective antibodies and communicative hormones.Sources of protein include meat, fish, eggs and pulses. The diet needs to provide 8 EAAs as the body is unable to synthesis proteins without these molecules. 2 other amino acids are synthesized from EAAs so if the diet lacks the original EAAs these other two will not be present either. Phenylalanine is converted to tyrosine and methionine is converted to cysteine. Cells draw upon a pool of amino acids for protein synthesis which either come from dietary protein digested and absorbed in the gut and the breakdown of body protein such as muscle. However, unlike fats and carbohydrates there is no store of amino acids for cells to draw on, any amino acid in excess of immediate bodily requirements is broken down into urea and excreted. It is therefore important to maintain the dietary intake of protein everyday. If the body lacks protein, muscle wasting occurs as muscle is broken down.If protein is lacked in a diet a person develops kwashiorkor which is caused when high levels of carbohydrates are eaten to overcome the lack of protein in the diet. One symptom of kwashiorkor is the abnormal collection of fluid around the abdomen due to the lack of protein in the blood. The body cannot retain water by osmosis and fluid accumulates in tissues causing them to become waterlogged.Vitamin CategoriesVitamins cannot be synthesized by the body so must be supplied by diet. Vitamins have no common structure or function but are essential in small amounts for the body to be able to utilize other dietary components efficiently.Vitamins fall into two categories, fat soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, D, E and K which are ingested with fatty foods and water soluble vitamins such as the B group vitamins and vitamin C. Vitamins are known as micronutrients because only small quantities are required for a healthy diet, in fact fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in high concentrations, for example the body stores vitamin A, or retinol, in the liver as it is toxic if kept in high concentrations in the blood stream, a dose of more than 3300mg of vitamin A can be considered toxic. Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C and B groups vitamins can be excreted in the urine if in excess in the diet.Vitamins AVitamin A is essential to the proper functioning of the retina in the eye and the epithelial tissues. A lack of vitamin A results in dry, rough skin, inflammation of the eyes, a drying or scarring of the cornea - xerophthalmia, which occurs when the secretion of lubricating tears is stopped, the eyelids become swollen and sticky with pus. Mucous surfaces of the eye may become eroded allowing infection to set in, leading to ulceration and destruction of the cornea. Night blindness - an inability to see in dim light can also occur. Rod cells in the retina of the eye detect light of low intensity, they convert vitamin A into a pigment, rhodopsin, which is bleached when light enters the eye. Rod cellsresynthesis rhodopsin, but if there is a deficiency of the vitamin, rod cells can no longer function and the result is night blindness. Epithelial cells use retinol to make retinoic acid, an intracellular messenger used in cell differentiation and growth. Without retinoic acid epithelial cells are not maintained properly and the body becomes susceptible to infections, particularly measles and infections of the respiratory system and gut.Xenophthalmia is common among children who's diets consist of mainly cereals with little meat or fresh vegetables, this is common in Indonesia, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.Vitamins DVitamin D, or calciferol, is another fat soluble steroid vitamin which functions to stimulate calcium uptake from the gut and its deposition in bone. vitamin D acts as a hormone when converted by enzymes in the gut and liver into an active form of "active vitamin D", which stimulates epithelial cells in the intestine to absorb calcium. vitamin D is therefore essential in growing children's diets to enable the growth of strong bones. Without adequate amounts of vitamin D children can develop rickets, which is the deformation of the legs caused when they lack calcium to strengthen the bones. In adults a lack of vitamin D in the diet can lead to osteomalacia, a progressive softening of the bones which can make them highly susceptible to fracture.Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.Vitamins KVitamin K, phylloquinone, is found in dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. It is a fat soluble vitamin which is involved in the clotting process of blood. In the intestines bacteria synthesize a number of important clotting factors which need vitamin K. Without vitamin K cuts can fail to heal and internal bleeding can occur.Vitamins CVitamin C is a water soluble vitamin, known chemically as ascorbic acid. It is found in citrus fruits such as oranges and lemons, and also in potatoes and tomatoes. The main function of vitamin C is the formation of connective tissues such as collagen. It is also known to be an antioxidant which helps to remove toxins and aids the immune system. A lack of vitamin C leads to Scurvy, a condition experienced by sailors on long journeys when they did not have fruit in their diets. Scurvy causes painful, bleeding gums. As vitamin C is water soluble, it is not toxic in high doses as it can be excreted in the urine, very high doses can however cause diarrhea.Vitamins BB group vitamins have a wide range of roles acting as co-enzymes in metabolic pathways. They are found in most plant and animal tissues involved in metabolism,therefore foods such as liver, yeast and dairy products are all rich in B group vitamins. Deficiency of B group vitamins include dermatitis, fatigue and malformation of red blood cells.1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from ________.A. the cellB. the respiring process of carbohydratesC. fats in the cellD. a balanced diet2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of _______.A. digestionB. respirationC. oxidizationD. mobilization3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from______.A. stomachB. body tissuesC. the bodyD. the diet4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of ________.A. proteinB. carbohydratesC. vitaminsD. diet5. Vitamins are called “micronutrients” in that _________.A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urineB. the body only requires small amount of vitaminsC. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxicD. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of __________.A. fat soluble vitaminsB. water soluble vitaminsC. vitamin AD. innate disability7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from ________.A. the growth of strong bonesB. fractureC. a progressive softening of the bonesD. calcium uptake from the gut8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough ______________.9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives__________ out of the body.10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to _______________. Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He thinks he’s very o rganized.B) He doesn’t want to join the display.C) He doesn’t think he should lead the study group.D) He knows someone who can lead the study group.12. A) He doesn’t know where his brother keeps his computer.B) The woman should buy a used computer.C) He doesn’t know how much computers cost.D) His brother paid too much for the computer.13. A) It’s been to warm to wear the jacket.B) The jacket is too big for him.C) He doesn’t like cold weather.D) He didn’t buy the jacket until cooler weather arrived.14. A) He started the semester in a bad mood.B) He’s not usually bad-tempered.C) He has few responsibilities.D) He doesn’t like the man.15. A) He forgot to cancel the reservation.B) They can go to the restaurant after the woman has finished working.C) He has to work late tonight.D) They don’t have a reservation at the restaurant.16. A) Use bleach on his socks.B) Buy new white socks.C) Wash his red T-shirt again.D) Throw away his pink socks.17. A) He isn’t satisfied with his progress.B) He wants to move up more quickly than he’s presently doing.C) He has advance quickly enough in his career.D) He feels frustrated as he tries to move up the ladder.18. A) Try on a smaller sweater.B) Look for another style at a different store.C) Give the sweater away as a gift.D) Exchange the sweater for a bigger one.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) She's unable to attend the study session.B) She has seen a doctor recently.C) She's concerned about medical care.D) She mentions the need for some medical tests.20. A) To improve the study skills of university students.B) To suggest changes in the student government.C) To give people the opportunity to speak with a politician.D) To discuss graduation requirements for political science majors.21. A) Graduate school application procedures.B) Funding for university education.C) Winning the confidence of voters.D) Preparing for an important test.22. A) Tell her what to study for the history test.B) Write a favorable letter of recommendation.C) Advise her about how to run an election campaign.D) Suggest a topic for a research paper.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Boston schools.B) Frontier life.C) Teaching requirements.D) Immigration patterns.24. A) She was a famous author.B) Her family later became famous landowners.C) She exemplifies the immigrant spirit.D) She invented some labor-saving farm equipment.25. A) To the library.B) To the movies.C) To a bookstore.D) To a travel bureau.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C),and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They were drawing pictures. B) They were watching TV.C) They were making a telephone call. D) They were tidying up the drawing room.27. A) They locked the couple up in the drawing room.B) They seriously injured the owners of the house.C) They smashed the TV set and the telephone.D) They took away sixteen valuable paintings.28. A) He accused them of the theft.B) He raised the rents.C) He refused to prolong their land lease.D) He forced them to abandon their traditions.29. A) They wanted to protect the farmers’ interests.B) They wanted to extend the reservation area for birds.C) They wanted to steal his valuable paintings.D) They wanted to drive him away from the island.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) Through food. B) Through air.C) Through insects. D) Through body fluids.31. A) They ran a high fever. B) They died from excessive bleeding.C) Their nervous system was damaged. D) They suffered from heart-attack.32. A) To see what happened to the survivors of the outbreak.B) To study animals that can also get infected with the disease.C) To find out where the virus originates.D) To look for the plants that could cure the disease.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) To determine whether the Earth’s temperature is going up.B) To study the behavior of some sea animals.C) To measure the depths of the ocean.D) To measure the movement of waves in the ocean.34. A) They were frightened and distressed.B) They swam away when the speaker was turned on.C) They swam closer to “examine” the speaker when it was turned off.D) They didn’t seem to be frightened and kept swimming near the speaker.35. A) To attract more sea animals to the testing site.B) To drive dangerous sea animals away from the testing site.C) To help trace the sea animals being tested.D) To determine how sea animals communicate with each other.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Dreams are a way for the subconscious to communicate with the __47__ mind. Dreaming of something you’re worried about, researchers say, is the brain’s way of helping you rehearse for a disaster in case it occurs. Dreaming of a challenge, like giving a presentation at work or playing sports, can enhance your __48__. And cognitive neuroscientists have discovered that dreams and the rapid eye movement (REM) that happens while you’re dreaming are __49__ to our ability to learn and remember. Dreaming is a “mood regulatory system,” says Rosalind Cartwright, PhD, chairman of the psychology __50__ at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago. She’s found that dreams help people work through the day’s emotional quandaries. “It’s like having a built-in therapist,” says Cartwright. While we sleep, dreams __51__ new emotional experience to old memories, creating plaid-like patterns of old images laid on top of new ones. As she puts it, “You may wake up and think, What was Uncle Harry doing in my dream? I haven’t seen him for 50years. But the old and new images are __52__ related.” It’s the job of the conscious mind to figure out the relationship. In fact, dream emotions can help real therapists treat patients __53__ traumatic (创伤旳) life events. In a new study of 30 recently __54__ adults, Cartwright tracked their dreams over a five-month period, measuring their feelings toward their ex-spouses. She discovered that those who were angriest at the spouse while dreaming had the best chance of successfully coping with divorce. “If their dreams were bland,” Cartwright says, “they hadn’t started to work through their emotions and __55__ with the divorce.” For therapists, this finding will help __56__ whether divorced men or women need counseling or have already dreamed their troubles away.A. dealB. physicallyC. wakeD. performanceE. makingF. undergoingG. experienceH. divorcedI. determineJ. compareK. departmentL. consciousM. presentationN. linkedO. emotionallySection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.A few years ago a young mother watched her husband diaper (给…换尿布) their firstborn son. “You do not have to be unhappy about it,” she protested. “You can talk to him and smile a little.” The father, who happened to be a psychologist, answered firmly, “He has nothing to say to me, and I have nothing to say to him.”Psychologist now know how wrong that father was. From the moment of birth, a baby has a great deal to say to his parents, and they to him. But a decade or so ago, these experts were describing the newborn as a primitive creature who reacted only by reflex, a helpless victim of its environment without capacity to influence it. And mothers acceptedthe truth. Most thought (and some still do) that a new infant could see only blurry (模糊旳) shadows, that his other senses were undeveloped, and that all he required was nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.Today university laboratories across the country are studying newborns in their first month of life. As a result, psychologists now describe the new baby as perceptive, with remarkable learning abilities and an even more remarkable capacity to shape his or her environment including the attitudes and actions of his parents. Some researchers believe that the neonatal period may even be the most significant four weeks in an entire lifetime.Far from being helpless, the newborn knows what he likes and rejects what he doesn’t. He shut out unpleasant sensations by closing his eyes or averting his face. He is a glutton for novelty. He prefers animate things over inanimate and likes people more than anything.When a more nine minutes out, an infant prefers a human face to a head-shaped outline. He makes the choice despite the fact that, with delivery room attendants masked and gowned, he has never seen a human face before. By the time he’s twelve hours old, his entire body moves in precise synchrony (同步发生) to the sound of a human voice, as if he were dancing. A non-human sound, such as a tapping noise, brings no such response.57. The author points out that the father diapering his first-born son was wrong because________.A) he believed the baby was not able to hear himB) he thought the baby didn’t have the power of speechC) he was a psychologist unworthy of his professionD) he thought the baby was not capable of any response58. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A) A new infant can see only blurry shadows.B) A new infant’s senses are undevelopedC) All a new infant requires is nourishment, clean diapers, and a warm bassinet.D) A new infant is actually able to influence his or her environment59. What does the sentence “He is a glutton for novelty” probably mean?A) The newborn is greedy for new food.B) The newborn tends to overeat.C) The newborn always loves things that are new to him.D) The newborn’s appetite is a constant topic in no vels.60. According to the passage, it’s groundless to think that newbornsprefer________.A) a human face to a head-shaped outlineB) animate things to inanimate onesC) human voice to non-human soundsD) nourishment to a warm bassinet61. What is the passage mainly discussing about?A) What people know about newborns.B) How wrong parents are when they handle their babies.C) How much newborns have progressed in about a decade’s time.D) Why the first month of life is the most significant four weeks in a lifetime.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Mobile office is the mutual product of economic，scientific，and social progress.Mobile office has become a solution that provides users with convenient, prompt, safe, reliable, and reasonably priced communications and office faculty anywhere anytime via the support of mobile interconnection platform(MIP)and its applications systems. Using mobile office and WAP technology, people can do their work anywhere anytime, can send and receive data via terminals such as mobile phone, and palm computer, and can surf the Internet.When you leave your office to attend meetings or travel on business，what would happen to your business routine?Of course, faxes and e-mails would be still sent to your fax machine or e-mail box, but you cannot read them and make prompt reaction timely. When your clients need you to make some urgent modifications on your work and you are neither in the office nor carrying relevant documents, what can you do?Maybe you have to say “sorry” to the clients. But, your business will be affected，the clients will be unhappy and disappointed because of your delay，and you will lose a lot of business opportunities.In fact, very frequently, you need to check, reply, distribute, modify, or read some materials when you are not in your office. You must get out of this dilemma. The best solution to normally handle your business anywhere anytime and not to disappoint your clients is to let your office “move” with you. With the development of communications technology, mobile office has become simpler and smaller, and even can be realized via one mobile phone with data communications function. Thus, mobile office has already been put into your pocket, and office mobility has been realized.Mobile office has provided people with convenient, casual working environment, but at the same time it still has some unsatisfactory aspects such as mismatching equipment interface and inadequate battery. Nevertheless, we believe that with technical progress, people can certainly overcome all kinds of difficulties. Mobile office will realize the dream of completely free communication. Users will enjoy more colorful life and better working environment, and users’ living standard, working efficiency, and even enterprises’ production efficiency will certainly be immensely raised.注意：此部分试题在答题卡2上作答62. According to the passage, mobile office help you with the following except ________ .A) keeping update with the latest newsB) checking e-mails any time one wantsC) conducting internet surfingD) finding one’s true love in life63. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the second paragraph?A) You would lose a lot of business opportunities if you always delay your work.B) You should read and reply faxes and e-mail timely.C) When you leave your office your business routine might be damaged.D) When you cannot meet the need of your clients you should immediately say sorry.64. When you let your office “move” with you, you __________ .A) will never let your clients downB) you don’t have to stay at office anymoreC) you then find the best way to handle your business anywhere anytimeD) you no longer face the dilemma between work and life65. It can be inferred from the passage that __________ .A) mobile office communication is very cost-consumingB) with the development of science, mobile office has eventually come to our lifeC) people had no convenient and reliable communications and office faculty beforeD) economic factors are essential in the operation of mobile office66. According to the author, mobile office _________ .A) would help achieve complete communication mobilityB) is too expensive to afford by small companiesC) has some fatal defects impossible to modifyD) is too complicated to operate in everyday businessPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they have to read all kinds of materials. In _67_a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend _68_can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are _69_readers.Most of us develop poor reading _70_at an early age, and never get over them.The main deficiency _71_in the actual component of language itself-words. Take individually, words have _72_meaning until they are put together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs._73_, however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often turning back to _74_words or passages.。

大学英语四级精选模拟试卷及答案

大学英语四级考试精选模拟试卷（1）Part I Reading Comprehension(共20小题，每小题2分，共40分)Directions:In this part there are four passages.Each passage is followed by four comprehension questions.Read the passage and answer the questions.Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Passage1Questions1to5are based on the following passage:Do you want to say what you think in a letter to the President of the United States?You’ll get a reply from him—written in ink,not typed—after only a few days.The President gets about4,000letters every week.He answers everyone who writes to him on special Whites House paper.But he doesn’t need a lot of time for it.In fact,he only gives20minutes a week to look at his personal correspondence.He has the most modern secretary in the world to help him.It’s computer,worth￡800，000，which has its own rooms on the first floor of the White House. It has a bank of electronic pens which write like the President writes,in his favorite light blue ink.Each letter the President receives gets a number,according to the type of answer it needs.The pens then write the correct reply for it,according to the number.Each letter takes less than a second to write.A White House official said,“It’s not important that letters come from a computer.Each letter says what the President wants to say.”1.for a reply from the President.A.You have to wait a long timeB.You only have to wait several daysC.You have to wait at least one monthD.You only have to wait a few weeks2.The reply from the President.A.is always printedB.is always typedC.is always written in inkD.is always written by himself3.It takes the computer to write ten letters.A.no more than ten secondsB.a little more than ten secondsC.less than ten secondsD.at least one second4.The computer can be described as.A.expensive but efficientB.possessing a beautiful handwritingC.heavy and inefficientD.the President’s most reliable secretary5.It can be inferred from the passage that.A.the President never reads any letters written to him by ordinary peopleB.the President hires a very efficient secretary to deal with his correspondenceC.the President does not really care about the letters he receives every weekD.the President is assured that the computer express his views in the lettersPassage2Questions6to10are based on the following passage:In order to learn to be one’s true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world;critically to inquire into it;carefully to consider it;clearly to analyze it;and earnestly to carry it out.It matters not what you learn,but when you once learn a thing,you must never give it up until you have mastered it.It matters not what you inquire into,but when you once inquire into a thing, you must never give it up until you have thoroughly understood it.It matters not what you try to think out,but when you once try to think out a thing,you must never give it up until you have got what you want.It matters not what you try to carry out,but when you once carry out a thing,you must never give it up until you have don’t it thoroughly and well.If another man succeeds by one effort,you will use a hundred efforts.If another man succeeds by ten efforts,you will use a thousand.6.According to the author,first of all one must.A.analyzeB.inquireC.obtain knowledgeD.act7.According to the author,.A.learning is not importantB.thinking is not necessaryC.knowledge means littleD.it is not important what we learn8.The end of learning should be.A.thoughtB.masteryC.inquiryD.analysis9.According to the author,another man’s success should.A.make greater effortsB.make us nervousC.not be taken into considerationD.cause one to stop trying10.The author implies but does not say what.A.the way to knowledge is through specializationB.one has to know everything to be successfulC.success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effortD.success in one’s profession is latest important in one’s lifePassage3Questions11to15are based on the following passage:About70million Americans are trying to loss weight.That is almost1out of every3people in the United States.Some people go on ideas.This means they eat less certain foods,especially fats and sugars.Other people exercise with especial equipment,take diet pills,or even have surgery.Losing weight is hard work,and it can also cost a lot of money.So why do so many people in the United States want to lose weight?Many people in the United States worry about not looking young and attractive.For many people, looking good also means being thin.Other people worry about their health.Many doctors say being overweight is not healthy.But are Americans really fat?Almost30million Americans weight at least20percent more than their ideal weight.In fact,the United State is the most overweight country in the wild.“The stored fat of adult Americans weight2.3trillion pounds,”saysUniversity of Massachusetts anthropologist(人类学家)George Armelagos.He says burning off that stored energy would produce enough power for900,000cars to go12,000miles.Losing weight is hard work,but most people want to find a fast and easy way to take off fat. Bookstores sell lots of diet books.These books tell readers how to lose weight.Each year,dozens of new books like these are written.Each one boasts to help people to get rid of fat.11.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a way of losing weight?A.To eat less fats and sugars.B.To work hard.12.Many Americans are trying to lose weight because.A.they want to look attractiveB.they are misled by doctorsC.they want to keep fitD.both A and C13.The figures given in the second paragraph suggest that.A.Americans are dependent on carsB.cars consume a lot of moneyC.Americans need lose weightD.excess of fat can be a source of energy14.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.A.diet books are not always effectiveB.diet books are usually helpfulC.there are lots of ways of losing weightD.bookstores are keeping their promises15.It can be concluded from the passage that.A.people think too much of their appearanceB.there is not a sure way of losing weight as yetC.surgery is the fastest way of losing weightD.going on diet is a safe way of losing weightPassage4Questions16to20are based on the following passage:I recently wrote an autobiography in which I recalled many old memories.One of them was from my school days,when our ninth grade teacher,Miss Raber,would pick out words from the Reader’s Digest to test our vocabulary.Today,more than45years later,I always check out“It pays to Enrich Your Word Power”first when the Digest comes each month.I am impressed with that idea,word power.Reader’s Digest knows the power that words have to move people—to entertain,inform,and inspire.The Digest editors know that the big word isn’t always the best word.Take just one example,a Quotable Quote form the February1985issue:”Time is a playful thing.It slips quickly and drinks the day like a bowl of milk.”Nineteen words,only two of them more than one syllable,yet how much they convey!That’s usually how it is with Reader’s Digest.Small and simple can be profound.As chairman of a foundation to restore the Statue of Liberty,I’ve been making a lot of speeches lately.I try to keep them fairly short.I use small but vivid words:words like“hope”,“guts”,“faith”,“dreams”.Those are words that move people and say so much about the spirit of America.Don’t get me wrong.I’m not against using big words,when it is right to do so,but I have also learned that a small word can work a small miracle—if it’s right word,in the right place,at the right time.It’s a“secret”that I hope never forget.16.The passage is mainly about.A.one of the many old memoriesing simple words to express profound ideasC.Reader’s Digest and school speechesD.how to make effective speeches17.It seems that Reader’s Digest is a magazine popular with.A.people of all agesB.teenagersC.school teachersD.elderly readers18.The example the author gives in the second paragraph might mean.A.one spends his day playing and drinkingB.don’t waste your time as one doesC.time slips easily if you don’t make good use of itD.time is just like drinking milk from a bowl19.The author’s“secret”is.A.to avoid using big words at any timeB.to use words that have the power to move peopleC.to work a miracle by using a small wordD.to use small and simple words where possible20.Accoeding to the author,well-chosen words can give people.A.hope,courage and ideasB.confidence,determination and strengthC.pleasure,knowledge and encourageD.entertainment,information and powerQuestions16to20are based on the following passage:People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population.It is estimated that over35 million Americans have physical,mental,or other disabilities.About half of these disabilities are“developmental”,i.e.,they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday,often form genetic conditions,and are severe enough to effect three or more areas of development,such as mobility,communication,employment,etc.Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious”,i.e.,accidental or caused by outside forces.Prior to the20th century,only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable.Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expert to have such basic needs as food,shelter,and medical treatment.Unfortunately,these basic are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote,marry,get an education,and again employment have historically been denied on the basic of disability.In recent decades,the disability rights movement has been organized to flight against these infringements(侵害)of civil rights.Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as protected class under civil rights statutes.Still today,people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently.It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed,and a majority of those who do work are underemployed.About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.Significant barriers,especially in transportation and public awareness,prevent disabled people from taking part in society.For example,while no longer prohibited by law from marrying,a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws are that disabled people will be fully able to take to their right place in society.16.”developmental”disability.A.develops very slowly over timeB.is caused forcesC.occurs in youth and affects developmentD.is getting more and more severe17.Most disabled people used to die early because.A.disabilities destroyed major bodily functionsB.they were not very well looked afterC.medical techniques were not availableD.they were too poor to get proper treatment18.In the author’s opinion,to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society,.A.more laws should be passedB.public attitudes should be changedernment should provide more aidsD.more public facilities should be act up19.Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?A.Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.B.The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.C.The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.D.Discriminatory(有差别的)laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.20.The best title for this passage might be.A.Handicaps of People with DisabilitiesB.The Difficulties of the DisabledC.The Causes for DisabilitiesD.Medical Treatments for DisabilitiesPart II Vocabulary and Structure(共40小题，每小题1分，共40分)Directions:In this part there are forty incomplete sentences.Each sentence is followed by four choices.Choose the one that best completes the sentence and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21.It’s still early in the morning.There isn’t in the office.A.anyoneB.everyoneC.nobodyD.any people22.is not known what they discussed in the meeting.A.ThatB.HeC.ThisD.It23.Yhe sad news broke her and she has been gloomy ever since.A.feelingsB.emotionsC.mindD.heart24.He is much of a gentleman to fight.A.soB.asC.veryD.too25.Not until this term to realize how important this subject is to his future career as a diplomat.A.he beganB.ha has begunC.did he beginD.that ha has begun26.who would like to go on the trip should put their names on the list.A.ThoseB.TheseC.SomebodyD.The ones27.A bottle weighs less after air is taken out,proves that air has weight.A.weB.itC.whichD.what28.How long?A.you suppose did it lastB.do you suppose it lastedC.did you suppose it lastD.you suppose it lasted29.Smmith had some trouble the man’s accent.A.to understandB.understandingC.for understandingD.with understanding30.The next few days could be for the peace negotiation.A.maximumB.practicalC.criticalD.urgent31.He quite a lot when he was young.ed to traveled to travelingC.was used to travelD.would used to travel32.You me your telephone number in case someone wants to contact you.A.had better giveB.had better givenC.had better to giveD.had better gave33.Mary used to the room with Linda.A.separateB.divideC.holdD.share34.—Must we hand in our exercise-books now?—No,you.A.mustn’tB.don’tC.needn’tD.can’t35.She pulled away from the window anyone should see them.A.lestB.even thoughC.unlessD.only if36.Not a has been found so far that can help the police find the criminal.A.factB.clueC.symbolD.sign37.She would make a teacher far superior the average.A.overB.thanC.beyondD.to38.Radio is different from television in it sends and receives pictures.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.this39.Tom and jack have returned but students of the group haven’t come back yet.A.otherB.the othersC.othersD.another40.It half a year since we to study in this university.A.is;comeB.is;have comeC.has been;cameD.has been;have come41.The fact that something is cheap doesn’t mean it is of low quality.A.necessarilyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.practically42.They set off by car and the nearest town.A.made forB.made afterC.made outD.made to43.Take this baggage and you can find enough room.A.put it whichB.put it in whichC.put it at whereD.put it wherever44.He doesn’t want that he’s going away.A..to be knownB.him to be knownC.that to be knownD.it to be known45.The noise around was terrible,but I had to it.A.keep away fromB.keep up withC.live withD.live on46.He that his guests were bored,although they were listening politely.A.impressedB.sensedC.inferredD.identified47.On Sundays I prefer at home to out.A.to say;goB.stay;goingC.staying;goingD.staying;go48.I’d like to write to him,but what’s the?He never writes back.A.significanceB.businessC.pointD.purpose49.There were opinions as to the best location for the new school.A.disagreeingB.conflictingC.rejectingD.reverting50.by the news of his father’s death,he could hardly utter a word.A.To be stunnedB.StunnedC.To stunD.Stunning51.,we’d better make some changes in the plan.A.That is the caseB.That been the caseC.That to be the caseD.That being the case52.They have equipped the office with the business machines.stttertestter53.The police found that George had still another of income.A.originB.sourceC.basisD.means54.An open-minded teacher doesn’t always one single teaching method.A.set asideB.take overC.take onD.stick to55.Much to the student’s,the exam was postponed.A.burdenB.concernC.reliefD.requirement56.Children normally feel a lot of about their first day at school.A.anxietyB.differenceC.feelingsD.trouble57.The weather was hot that she decided to have the barber her hairstyle.A.rather;to changeB.so;changeC.much too;changeD.too;changed58.She meet her former instructor on the bus.A.delighted toB.happened toC.pleased toD.tended to59.Just as no two words are truly synonymous no two different expressions can mean exactly the same thing.A.ratherB.alsoC.yetD.so60.The new engineer’s suggestions were in the revised plan.A.entitledB.engagedC.embodiedD.estimatedPart III Cloze(共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Directions:There are twenty blanks in the following passage.For each blank there are four choices. Choose the one that best fits into the passage and then marks your answer on the Answer Sheet.Before the20th century the horse provided day to day transportation in the United States.Trains were used only for long-distance transportation.Today the car is the most popular61of transportation in all of the United States.It has completely 62the horse as a means of everyday transportation.Americans use their cars for6390percent of all personal64.Most Americans are able to65cars.The average price of a66made car was1050in1950,1740in1960and up to1750671975.During this period American car manufacturers set about68their products and work efficiency.As a result,the yearly income of the69family increased from1950to197570than the price of cars.For this reason71a new car takes a smaller72of a family’s total earnings today.In195173it took8.1months of an average family’s74to buy a new car.In1962a new car75 8.3of a family’s annual earnings.By1975it only took4.7576income.In addition,the1975 cars were technically77to models from previous years.The78of the automobile extends throughout the economy79the car is so important to Americans. Americans spend more money to80their cars running than on any other item.61.A.kinds B.means C.mean D.types62.A.denied B.reproduced C.replaced D.ridiculed63.A.hardly B.nearly C.certainly D.somehow64.A.trip B.works C.business D.travel65.A.buy B.sell C.race D.see66.A.quickly B.regularly C.rapidly D.recently67.A.on B.in C.behind D.about68.A.raising B.making C.reducing D.improving69.A.unusual B.interested C.average D.biggest70.A.slowest B.equal C.faster D.less than71.A.bringing B.obtain C.bought D.purchasing72.A.part B.half C.number D.side73.A.clearly B.proportionally C.percentage D.suddenly74.A.income B.work C.plans D.debtsed B.spend C.cost D.needed76.A.months’ B.dollars C.family D.year77.A.famous B.superior C.fastest D.purchasing78.A.running B.notice C.influence D.discussion79.A.then B.as C.so D.which80.A.start B.leave C.keep D.repairMethods of studying vary;what works61for some students doesn’t work at all for others.The only thing you can do is experiment62you find a system that does work for you.But one thing is sure:63else can do your studying for you.Meantime,there are a few rules that64for everybody. The hint is“doesn’t get65“.The problem of studying,66enough to start with,becomes almost67when you are trying to do68in one weekend.69the fastest readers have trouble70that.And if you are behind in written work that must be71,the teacher who accept it72late will probably not give you good credit.Perhaps he may not accept it73.Getting behind in one class because you are spending so much time on another is really no74.Feeling pretty virtuous about the seven hours you spend on chemistry won’t75one bit if the history teacher pops a quiz.And many freshmen do get into trouble by spending too much time on one class at the76of the others,either because they like one class much better or because they find it so much harder than they think,they should 77all their time to it.78the reason,going the whole work for one class and neglecting the rest of them is a mistake,if you face this79,begin with the shortest and easiest80.Get them out of the way and then go to the more difficult,time consuming work.61.A.good B.easily C.sufficiently D.well62.A.until B.after C.while D.so63.A.somebody B.nobody C.everybody D.anybody64.A.follow B.go C.operate D.work65.A.behind B.after C.slow ter66.A.hardly B.unpleasant C.hard D.heavy67.A.important B.necessary C.impossible D.inevitable68.A.three week’s work B.three week’s works C.Three weeks’work D.three week’s works69.A.Even B.Almost C.If D.With70.A.to do B.doing C.at doing D.with doing71.A.turned in B.tuned up C.turned out D.given in72.A.vary B.quite C.such D.too73.A.anyway B.either C.at all D.that74.A.solution B.method C.answer D.excuse75.A.help B.encourage C.assist D.improve76.A.expense B.pay C.debt D.charge77.A.devote B.put C.spend D.take78.A.Whichever B.Whatever C.However D.Wherever79.A.attraction B.decision C.temptation D.dilemma80.A.arrangements B.way C.assignments D.classPart IV Translation(共35分)Section A(共5小题，每小题4分，共20分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into Chinese.You may refer to the corresponding passages in Part I.81、It has a bank of electronic pens which write like the President writes,in his favorite light blue ink.(Passage One)82、In order to learn to be one’s true self,it is necessary to obtain a wide and extensive knowledge of what has been said and done in the world.(Passage Two)83、Almost30million Americans weight at least20percent more than their ideal weight.In fact, the United State is the most overweight country in the wild.(Passage Three)84、One of them was from my school days,when our ninth grade teacher,Miss Raber,would pick out words from the Reader’s Digest to test our vocabulary.(Passage Four)85、I’m not against using big words,when it is right to do so,but I have also learned thata small word can work a small miracle—if it’s right word,in the right place,at the right time. (Passage Four)84、About half of these disabilities are“developmental”,i.e.,they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday,often form genetic conditions,and are severe enough to effect three or more areas of development,such as mobility,communication,employment,etc. (Passage Four)85、It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws are that disabled people will be fully able to take to their right place in society.(Passage Four)Section B(共5小题，每小题3分，共15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English.86、他全神贯注在工作上，并没有听到任何人敲门。

级大学英语四级模拟试题1答案与解析

级大学英语四级模拟试题1答案与解析级大学英语四级模拟考试试卷1参考答案及解析Part ⅠWriting①审题及布局。

此写作题是一篇提纲式作文。

在布局上，按照提纲的要求展开写作即可。

第一段指出地震发生的时间、地点和灾情；第二段讲述全国人民对四川的捐助情况；第三段说明自己作为学生能为灾区做些什么。

②语言。

作为一篇记叙文，语言表示要准确生动，句式要多样，词汇要丰富，这样能够增添文采。

Hand in Hand We StandOn May 12, , an 8.0-magnitude earthquake struck Sichuan. Thousands of people lost their lives and even more people were left homeless. But, hand in hand, the Chinese people faced this disaster with compassion and courage.People across China offered to make donations 第一段开门见山，指出地震发生的时间和地点。

其中，hand in hand “手挽手”、face this disaster with compassion and courage“用热情和勇气面对灾难”属于高分表示，为文章增色不少。

energetically. Relief materials and funds were continuously pouring into quake hit areas. What ’s more, several rescue teams and medical professionals, at home and abroad, was sent to the earthquake stricken areas to search and rescue the survivals. As far as we students are concerned,we should provide our helping hands for the earthquake stricken compatriots. We can donate our spare money to the suffering people who are in urgent need of food and medicine. Blood donation is also of vital significance for those injured people. Students 第二段直接说明全国人民对灾区的捐助情况。

大学英语四级真题模拟第一套

大学英语四级真题模拟第一套大学英语四级真题第一套1. A. the woman is now working in a kindergartenB. the man will soon start a business of his ownC. the man would like to be a high school teacherD. the woman is going to major in child education2. A. the furniture has to be rearrangedB. the sound equipment has to be set upC. the conference room has to be cleanedD. the video machine has to be checked3. A. she is exhausted B. she is near-sightedC. she cannot finish work in timeD. she cannot go straight home4. A. the woman is too particular about foodB. he would rather have a meal an hour laterC. the woman should order her food quicklyD. he usually prefers ice-cream to sandwiches5. A. he is not a good mechanicB. he doesn’t keep his promisesC. he spends his spare time doing repairsD. he is always ready to offer help to others6. A. Sam has a big family to supportB. Sam is not interested in travellingC. the pay offer by the travel agency is too lowD. the work hours in the travel agency are too long7. A. international trade B. financial consultingC. product developmentD. domestic retailing8. A. go on a business trip B. look for a job in MiamiC. make a ticket reservationD. take a vacation9. A. it is located on Rout 18 B. it has an interesting museumC. it is a beautiful little townD. it lies seven miles east of Newton10. A. they are in opposite directionsB. they are fifty-five miles apartC. they are quite close to each otherD. they are a long drive from Norwalk11. A. they are connected by 7 Rout B. they are crowded with touristsC. they have lots of old housesD. they have many rare plants12. A. bring him up to date on the current situation in MilanB. inform him of the arrangements for his trip in ItalyC. fetch the documents signed by Mr. GartnerD. Accompany Mr. Gartner to the Linate airport13. A. about 8:30 B. about 6:30 C. about 5:30 D. about 4:1514. A. Mr Gartner from Milan B. Gianni Riva at MegastarC. The company’s sales rep resentativeD. Gavin from the Chamber of Commerce15. A. travel agent B. Business managerC. SecretaryD. Saleswoman16. A. she had a desire to help othersB. she wanted to find out more about itC she needed some oversea experienceD. she was interested in farming17. A. carry out a cultural exchange programB. work on an agricultural projectC. learn PortugueseD. teach English18. A. she found it difficult to secure a job in her own countryB. she wanted to renew her contact with the Peace CorpsC. she was invited to work as an English teacherD. she could not get the country out of her mind19. A. by teaching additional English classesB. by writing stories for American newspapersC. by working part time for the Peace CorpsD. by doing odd jobs for local institutions20. A. time spent exercising B. time spent workingC. time spent on leisure activitiesD. time spent with friends andfamily21. A. reading B. Surfing the WebC. eating outD. watching TV22. A. driving B. gardening C. going to the pub D. visiting friends23. A. the car driver was trying to avoid hitting a rabbitB. the car driver was partly responsible for the accidentC. Mclaughlin was talking to his manager while drivingD. Mclaughlin’s carelessness resulted in the collision24. A. he crashed into a car parked thereB. he knocked down several mailboxesC. he tore down the company’s main gateD. he did serious damage to a loaded truck25. A. he will lose his jobB. he will have to pay damagesC. he will be fined heavilyD. he will receive retrainingWhen Captain Cook asked the chiefs in Tahiti why they always ate 26, they replied, “Because it is right.” If we ask Americans why they eat with knives and forks, or why their men wear pants 27 skirts, or why they may be married to only one person at a time, we are likely to get 28 and very uninformative answers: “Because it’sright.”“Because that’s the way it’s done.”“Because it’d the 29.” Or even “I don’t know.”The reason for these and countless other patterns of social behavior is that they are 30 by social norms—shared rules or guidelines which prescribe the behavior that is appropriate in a given situation. Norms 31 how people “ought” to behave under particular circumstances in a particular society. We conform to norms so readily that we are hardly aware they 32. In fact, we are much more likely to notice 33 from norms than conformity to them. You should not be surprised if a stranger tried to shake hands when you were introduced, but you might be a little 34 they bowed, started to stroke you or kissed you on both 35. Yet each of these other forms of greeting is appropriate in other parts of the world. When we visit another society whose norms are different, we quickly become aware that things we do this way, they do that way.。

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大学英语四级考试模拟试卷（1）Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too:about once a second,if they were controlled by clock.The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybodyelse.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightenedpeople.The signals were coming from a very small body—nobigger,perhaps than the earth.Was that why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to some other star?There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”they thought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to thenewspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and 1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange,regular,radio signals.And they have told the story,of course.The signals do not come from a planet;they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””.About a hundred other pulsars have now been found,and most of them are very like the first one.Pulsars are strong radio stars.They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present.A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousand tons.Their light—if they give much light—is too smallfor us to see.But we can be sure of this,no intelligent beings are living on them.21. The radio signals discussed in this passage____.A.were regularB.were controlled by a clockC.were heard in 1967 onlyD.were secret messages22. The radio singals were sent by____.A.a satelliteB.a planetC.a sky body which was unknown at that timeD.intelligent beings who were unknown at that time23. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.A.the singals stood for secret messagesB.people would ask them too many questionsC.they did not want to frighten peopleD.they stood for unimportant messages24. A pulsar is____.A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenB. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenC. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenD. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen25. Which of the following is true?A.One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.B.Pulsar began to send radio singals in 1967.C.Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none.D.Scientists have found many pulsars since 1967.rn life and ancient life.27. “one out of seven” refers to____.A.more than a third of the lands' earthB.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-likeC.the number of people who live in dry regionsD.a day of a week28. In paragraph 2,“they are taken to the greener lands in the south.”They refers to____.A.the Sahel farm landB.the farmersC.the cattlesD.the trees29. How many ideas for saving the land are described?A.Five.B.Two.C.Four.D.Three.30. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A.The earth's desert are slowly spreading.B.One out of 10 people lives in dry regions.C.Their life in the desert is threatened now by traditional problems.D.New water wells can solve the problem in Africa's desert.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Telephone, television, radio, and telegraph all help people communicate with each other. Because of these devices, ideas and news of events spread quickly all over the world. For example,within seconds, people can know the results of an election inanother country. An international football match comes into the homes of everyone with a television set.News of a disaster such as an earthquake or a flood can bring help from distant countries within hours, help is on the way. Because of modern technology like the satellites that travel around the world, information travels fast.How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people,the world has become smaller. Of course this does not meanthat the world is actually physically smaller. It means that theworld seems smaller. Two hundred years ago,communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the ocean. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries,it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach America.This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, or fight, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace tooksix weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost theirlives after a peace treaty had been signed.They would not have diedif news had come in time.In the past,communication took much timethan it does now.There was a good reason why the world seemed so much larger thanit does today.31. News spreads fast because of____.A.modern transportationB.new technologyC.the change of the worldD.a peace agreement32. According to this passage,____is very important to people ina disaster area.A.fast communicationB.modern technologytest newsD.new ideas33. Which of the following statements is true?A.The world now seems smaller because of faster communication.B.The world is actually smaller today.C.The world is changing its size.D. The distance between England and America has changed since the War of 181234. Two hundred years ago,news between the continents wascarried____.A.by telephone and telegraphB.by landC.by airD.by sea35. The New Orleans Battle could have been avoided if the peace agreement had been signed____.A.by both sidesB.in timeC.in AmericaD.in EnglandQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentarylife-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited andenvironmental,influence the development of heal threlatedbehaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,thedecision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices.In discussing the moral of personal choice,Fries and Crapo drew a comparison.[ZZ(Z]They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.[ZZ)]Thus,for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity oflife,personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with statistical probability of increased vitality and longevity.36. The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because____.A.personal health choices help cure most illnessesB.it helps raise the level of our medical knowledgeC.it is essential to personal freedom in American societyD.wrong decisions could head to poor health37. To “live a completely sedentary life style”(Para. 1) in the passage means____.”A.to live an inactive lifeB.to live a decent lifeC.to live a life with complete freedomD.to live a life of vice38. Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because____.A.current medical knowledge is still insufficientB.there are many factors influencing our decisionsC.few people are willing to trade the quality of life for longevityD.people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends39. To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to____.A.improving the quality of one's lifeB.limiting one's personal health choiceC.deliberately ending one's lifeD.breaking the rules of social behavior40. According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on____.A.personal decisionsws of societyC.statistical evidenceD.opinions of friendsPart Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. ____he thought of it,the stars seemed always large and clear before the dawn of Christmas Day.A.As forB.Now thatC.BecauseD.As soon as42. A thought____him like a silver dagger.A.beatB.hitC.struckD.pondered43. I'll____this afternoon.A.get the radio fixedB.get the radio to be fixedC.get the radio being fixedD.get the radio fixing44. Who is____personnel at present?A.in the charge ofB.under charge ofC.under the charge ofD.in charge of45. Tell him to turn down the TV.It's____my nerves.A.get overB.get inC.get crazy withD.get on46. The family decided to raise two cows and five sheep____the chickens,ducks and rabbits.A.exceptB.besidesC.besideD.except for47. I woke up,____that he had gone.A.only findingB.only having foundC.only to findD.only to have found48. The project____by the time you come to China again.A.will be completedB.will have been completedC.is to be completedD.is going to be completed49. In the course of the work,we____lots of difficulties.A.met withB.sawC.got intoD.came across50. ____his accent,he must be from the south.A.Judged byB.Being judged fromC.Judging fromD.Being judged by51. The boy____his father.A.was accused of having killedB.was accused to have killedC.was accused of killingD.was accused to kill52. Missing the train means____for an hour.A.waitingB.to waitC.to be waitingD.have to wait53. Something extraordinary happened in that hospital.A man,who was declaredclinically dead,suddenly____.A.returned to lifeB.restored to lifeC.came to lifeD.survived54. They are glad to see the children____in the day care center.A.well taken careB.being well taken care ofC.well looked afterD.being well looked after55. She is a woman of rare gifts.Her performance last night was indeed very____.A.impressedB.impressiveC.impressingD.impression56. The road being built was scheduled to____traffic on May Day.A.be close toB.be closed toC.be open toD.be opened to57. It was more than fifteen years ago____I entered the laboratory of Professor Agassiz.A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.since58. ____than it began raining.A.Hardly had he reached homeB.Hardly did he reach homeC.No sooner did he reach homeD.No sooner had he reached home59. The man's life____if he had been sent to a better hospital.A.might have been savedB.may have been savedC.was to be savedD.should be saved60. Everybody looked____the direction of the explosion.A.toB.fromC.inD.into61. This is a____young writer.He has published quite a few good stories inrecent years.A.promisedB.looking forwardC.promisingD.clever62. The doctor insists that the patient____.A.must be operatedB.should be operatedC.be operated onD.needs operating on63. It sounds as if the telephone____.A.were ringingB.was ringing.C.has being ringingD.is ringing64. The family looked on helplessly as their house____.A.burning downB.was burned downC.was burning downD.burned down65. What is the____language in India?A.officeB.officialC.officiallyD.officer66. He____twenty times,striking a match each time to look at his old watch.A.had wakedB.was awakeC.must have wakedD.was waken67. There he bought____chocolate for his daughter,and then hehad____beers in the bar not far from the school.A.a bar of...a couple ofB.a piece of...a bottle ofC.a dozen of...a couple ofD.a cubic of...a tin of68. With his big fleshy nose he____his grandpa.A.looks likeB.takes afterC.looks afterD.resembles69. The ____majority were in support of this bill so it was passed without much difficulty.A.overflowingB.overtakingC.overloadingD.overwhelming70. The actress____the terms of her contract and was sued by the producer.A.isolatedB.signedC.implementedD.violatedPart Ⅳ Translation from English into Chinese (15 minutes)Directions:In this part,there are five items which you should translate into Chinese,each item consisting of one or two sentences.These sentences are all taken from the reading passages you have just read in Part Three of the Test Paper.You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation.You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meanings in the context.71.(Passage 1 Para.1)They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.72. (Passage 2 Para.1)Now largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is threatened by the slow,steady spread of the earth's deserts.73. (Passage 3 Para.1)Because of modern technology like the satellite that travel around the world,information travels fast.74. (Passage 4 Para.1)We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.75. (Passage 4 Para.1)They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide.Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition with the title ON Friendship.Your composition should be no less than 120 words.Remember to write your composition neatly.You should also base your composition on the outline below.1.The need for friends2.True friendship3.My principle in making friends。