四级听力短文理解
四级听力 4招巧解短文理解
Lecture 2第二讲4招巧解短文理解短文理解所含的信息量相对较大，不仅要求考生在听的过程中捕捉到具体的语言细节，还要求考生从语篇上对短文有整体性的把握和理解。
因此，考生必须掌握一些有针对性的解题步骤和解题技巧，这样才能在考试时做到游刃有余。
第一招：听音前预测内容和问题听音前快速浏览选项可以大致推测出文章的主要内容，通过纵向、横向比较各题选项能够发现一些重要的提示信息，如短文可能涉及的内容、问题可能考查的内容等。
另外，通过提炼选项要点，还可以确定听音时应重点关注的细节信息，有针对性地记笔记。
听前预测的成败主要取决于考生对短文理解设题特点的熟悉程度、对选项要点的提炼和分析能力、以及对短文涉及内容的背景知识的熟悉程度。
【例1】（07 12 Passage One）【预览选项】26. ［A］They care a lot about children.［B］They need looking after in their old age.［C］They want to enrich their life experience.［D］They want children to keep them company.27.［A］They are usually adopted from distant places.［B］Their birth information is usually kept secret.［C］Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.［D］Their adoptive parents don t want them to know their birt h parents.【预测信息】预览四道题各选项，由选项中多次出现的children，adopted，birth parents，natural parents，adoptive parents等可推知，本文与收养孩子有关。
四级听力 短文理解常设题处(11)
四级听力短文理解第11堂短文理解常设题处了解短文理解的常设题处，明确听音时应该重点关注哪些地方。
一、短文首尾处短文的开头与结尾是重要的设题处之一，经常是考查对短文主旨或重要细节的把握。
短文的主题句一般都出现在开头，而且常常是第一道题的答案出处；短文的结尾往往对整篇文章的内容起一个概括和提示的作用，同样不可忽视。
【例1】(10-6-26）［A］District managers.［B］Regular customers.［C］Sales directors.［D］Senior clerks. As the new sales director for a national computer firm, Alex Gordon was looking forward to his first meeting with the company’s district managers. Everyone arrived on time, and Alex’s presentation went extremely well……26.Who did Alex Gordon speak to at the first meeting?27.【提示】选项均为人物身份，但均为复数，故应该不是考查某个人的职业或身份，而更可能是某件事的行为主体或客体。
听音时留意选项中的人物身份，并注意相关信息。
【解析】选［A］。
细节题。
本题的设题处在短文开头。
短文第一句提到，作为新的销售总监(sales directer)，Alex Gordon正在期待着和公司的区域经理们(district managers)的第一次会议，由此可知，Alex Gordon在第一次会议上要对区域经理们讲话，故答案为［A］。
【例2】(07-12-32)［A］People came to see the role of women in the business world.［B］Katharine played a major part in reshaping American’s mind. …Her friends said she would be remembered as a woman who had an important influence on events in the United States and the world. Katharine once wrote, “The world without［C］American media would be quite different without Katharine.［D］Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world. newspapers would not be the same kind of world.” After her death, the employees of The Washington Post wrote: “The world without Katharine will not be the same at all.”32.What does the comment by employees of The Washington Post suggest?33.【提示】选项中的Katharine played a major part, important influence表明，问题应该与Katharine的重要地位有关。
四级听力短文理解 11大敏感设题题眼
短文理解巅峰讲座四级听力短文理解共3篇，每篇短文的长度大约在200到250词之间，后设3-4题，3篇共10题。
问题全部是特殊疑问句，要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Lecture 1第一讲11大敏感设题题眼短文理解篇幅较长，而且问题是在整篇短文读完之后提出，因此考生只有熟悉短文理解常见的设题题眼，才能锁定听音重点，抓住关键信息。
一、短文首尾处短文的开头是重要的设题处，经常考查考生对短文主旨或重要细节的把握。
短文的主题句一般都出现在开头，而且常常是第一道题的答案出处。
短文的结尾往往对整篇文章的内容起一个概括和提示的作用，经常会得出结论或是提出某种建议或希望，同样不可忽视。
【例1】（11-6-26）［A］Its protection is often neglected by children.［B］It cannot be fully restored once damaged.［C］There are many false notions about it.［D］There are various ways to protect it.There are many commonly held beliefs about eye glasses and eyesight that are not proven facts. For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. But there is no evidence to show that the structure of eyes is changed by wearing glasses at a young age.26.What does the speaker want to tell us about eyesight?27.【解析】主旨题。
英语四级考试听力部分试题及答案
英语四级考试听力部分试题及答案一、听力理解：听力理解主要考察考生对于日常对话、公共场景以及学术讲座等不同语境下的听力能力。
下面是一些典型的听力理解题目和答案：1. 对话题目：交通安全对话内容：警察告诉一个行人如何过马路避免交通事故。
问题： What does the policeman tell the pedestrian to do?答案： To look both ways before crossing the street.2. 对话题目：餐厅订位对话内容：两个人在电话里预定餐厅。
问题：Where will they eat?答案：They will eat at a Japanese restaurant.3. 短文题目：学校图书馆短文内容：介绍学校图书馆的服务和注意事项。
问题：When should library books be returned?答案：Library books should be returned within two weeks.二、图片理解：图片理解主要考察考生对于图片中所示的场景、人物和物体的理解能力。
下面是一些典型的图片理解题目和答案：1. 图片描述：一位女士在地铁站等候。
问题：Where is the woman?答案：The woman is at the subway station.2. 图片描述：一副画展览。
问题：What kind of event is happening?答案：An art exhibition.3. 图片描述：一个人在厨房做饭。
问题：What is the person doing?答案：The person is cooking in the kitchen.以上是英语四级听力部分的试题和答案。
通过针对不同语境的听力训练，可以提高听力理解的能力，帮助考生在四级听力考试中取得好成绩。
2021年12月英语四级真题听力 第5期 短文(1)_4
2021年12月英语四级真题听力第5期短文(1)Passage One段落一One of the greatest heartbreaks for fire fighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building because the child, frightened by smoke and noise, hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found dead.消防员最伤心的是无法从燃烧的大楼里救出孩子，因为孩子会被烟雾和噪音吓坏。
他们躲在床底下或壁橱里，最后发现他们的时候已经死了。
Saddest of all is when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster.最可悲的是当孩子看见带消防面具的消防员时，他们还以为看见了怪物就躲了起来。
To prevent such tragedies, fire fighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that they should never hide during a fire.为了防止这种悲剧，消防战士埃里克·贝莱斯在他的社区里与儿童会谈，让他们在着火时不躲藏。
He displays fire fighters' equipment, including the oxygen mask, which he encourages his listeners to play with and put on.他展示消防员的装备，包括氧气面罩，然后鼓励他的听众带上它一起玩。
四级听力短篇新闻,长对话,短文理解
四级听力考试是大学英语四级考试中的一个重要组成部分，听力部分通常包括短篇新闻、长对话和短文理解三个部分。
考生需要通过听力题目来获取相关信息，以便后续回答相关问题或填写答题卡。
在四级听力中，短篇新闻、长对话和短文理解是考生们需要重点准备和关注的部分，因为它们在考试中所占比重较大。
短篇新闻通常是长度较短的新闻报道或者简短的访谈，其难度适中，内容涉及生活、社会、娱乐等多个领域。
考生在听短篇新闻时，需要能够快速捕捉关键信息，例如事件的发生时间、地点、人物、原因等，以便后续回答问题。
考生也需要注重细节的理解和把握，以确保对整个新闻内容的全面把握。
对于长对话部分，通常是采用日常生活中真实场景下的对话或者谈话，如在购物中、预约看病、讨论学习等情境下的对话。
这部分的内容相对来说更为细致和真实，对考生的听力水平和语境理解能力有一定的要求。
考生需要在听对话的过程中，注意捕捉对话双方的信息交流，包括约会时间地点、活动安排、个人喜好等方面的细节内容。
短文理解部分通常包括一篇较短的文章或者故事，其内容可能涉及教育、健康、科技等多个领域。
在这一部分，考生需要分析文章的主旨、结构和逻辑关系，同时也需要理解和解答相关的问题。
这部分题目考察了考生的阅读理解能力和逻辑推理能力，因此需要考生具备较高的语言综合素养和信息处理能力。
四级听力短篇新闻、长对话和短文理解三个部分是考生备考四级听力考试时需要着重关注和准备的部分。
通过对不同类型题材的练习和反复听力训练，考生们可以逐渐提高自己的听力水平和应对考试的能力。
也可以通过阅读相关资料、学习相关技巧和策略，更好地备考和应对四级听力考试。
市场众多的四级听力备考资料将会帮助考生备考。
在备考过程中，考生可以选择相关的听力练习材料，例如真题、模拟题、听力辅导书籍等，帮助自己更好地适应考试题型和提高听力水平。
考生也可以通过多听英语广播、英语电视节目、英语电影等来提高自己的英语听力水平。
通过模拟考试和练习，考生可以更好地了解自己的不足之处，并且有针对性地进行弥补和提高。
2024四级试题及答案
2024四级试题及答案### 2024年大学英语四级考试试题及答案#### 一、听力部分听力理解（共25分）1. 短对话（共8分）- 问题1：What does the man suggest doing?- 答案：A. Visiting the museum.- 问题2：Why is the woman upset?- 答案：B. She missed the bus.2. 长对话（共10分）- 问题1：What is the main topic of the conversation?- 答案：C. Planning a trip to the countryside.- 问题2：What does the man think of the woman's idea?- 答案：D. He is not very enthusiastic about it.3. 短文理解（共7分）- 问题1：What is the speaker mainly talking about?- 答案：A. The importance of environmental protection.- 问题2：What is the speaker's suggestion for the audience? - 答案：B. To reduce the use of plastic bags.#### 二、阅读部分阅读理解（共20分）1. 快速阅读（共10分）- 问题1：What is the main idea of the passage?- 答案：A. The benefits of regular exercise.- 问题2：What does the author suggest to improve health? - 答案：B. Combining exercise with a healthy diet.2. 仔细阅读（共10分）- 问题1：According to the passage, what is the key to success?- 答案：C. Persistence and hard work.- 问题2：What does the author believe about failure?- 答案：D. It is a stepping stone to success.#### 三、写作部分作文（共15分）题目：The Impact of Technology on Education范文：In recent years, the integration of technology in education has been a topic of much debate. It is undeniable that technology has revolutionized the way we learn and teach. For instance, the use of online platforms and digital resources has made education more accessible and interactive. Students can now access a wealth of information at their fingertips, and teachers can employ various tools to enhance the learning experience.However, there are also concerns about the over-reliance ontechnology. Some argue that it may lead to a decrease in critical thinking skills as students may become too dependent on search engines and online summaries. Additionally, the digital divide can exacerbate educational inequalities, as not all students have equal access to technology.In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly brought about positive changes in education, it is crucial to strike a balance. Educators should use technology as a tool to complement traditional teaching methods, ensuring that students develop a well-rounded set of skills.#### 四、翻译部分汉译英（共20分）原文：随着经济的快速发展，人们的生活水平有了显著提高。
2021年6月英语四级听力真题 短文(1)
英文对照:Pigs are not native to North America. They were first introduced to California by Spanish and Russian explorers and settlers many centuries ago. In the early times, pigs were allowed to wander freely and search of food. This practice also allowed many pigs to escape from farms and live in the wild, which became a problem.猪并非是美国的本土物种。
多个世纪前，西班牙和俄罗斯的探险家和定居者首次将它们引入加利福尼亚州。
早期，猪被允许自由游荡和寻找食物。
这种做法也让许多猪逃离农场，在野外生活，而这成为了问题。
In fact, as one of the most damaging invasive species on the continent, wild pigs caused millions of dollars in crop damage yearly. They also harbored dozens of diseases that threaten both humans and farm animals. Forest patches with wild pigs have been found to have considerably reduced plant and animal diversity.事实上，作为非洲大陆最具破坏性的入侵物种之一，野猪每年造成数百万美元的农作物损失。
它们还携带着数十种威胁人类和农场动物的疾病。
有野猪生活的森林斑块被发现植物和动物多样性大幅减少。
英语四级考试听力短文理解技巧
英语四级考试听力短文理解技巧英语四级考试是中国大陆的一场重要的英语水平考试，对于许多学生来说，听力部分是最具挑战性的一部分。
如何提高听力短文理解的能力，成为许多考生所关注的焦点。
本文将介绍一些有效的技巧，帮助考生更好地应对英语四级考试听力短文。
一、先练习基础听力技能在提高听力短文理解能力之前，首先要培养基础的听力技能。
这包括听力文本的字母、音素、单词、短语、句子的听力训练等。
通过大量的听力练习，培养对英语语音的敏感性，掌握基本的听力技巧。
这将为后续的听力短文理解打下坚实的基础。
二、注意听力短文的整体结构在听力短文开始之前，注重听力材料的整体结构是非常重要的。
通过阅读听力短文的题目和选项，快速了解主题和大意，帮助我们更好地准备听力内容。
同时，注意听力短文的段落结构和逻辑关系，这将有助于我们预测和理解听力材料的内容。
三、注意关键词和转折词在听力短文中，一些关键词和转折词对理解整个短文起到至关重要的作用。
关键词通常是一些重要的名词、动词，或者与主题相关的词汇。
转折词则是用来表示转折、对比、因果等关系的词语，如however、but、although等。
通过注意关键词和转折词，我们可以更准确地捕捉到听力短文的核心信息。
四、关注数字和比例在听力短文中，数字和比例是经常出现的内容。
因此，当我们听到涉及数字和比例的信息时，应该特别注意，通过综合上下文的信息加以理解。
如果在听力答案选项中有关于数字和比例的信息，也要特别留意，这可能是正确的答案。
五、留意时间和空间的指示词时间和空间指示词在听力短文中也非常重要。
通过留意时间和空间指示词，我们可以更好地理解听力内容。
例如，时间指示词包括day、year、season等；空间指示词包括place、location、direction等。
通过聚焦这些指示词，我们可以更准确地理解听力短文。
六、练习做听力短文的笔记在听力短文时，我们可以尝试记笔记来帮助理解。
这些笔记可以是关键词、概括性的内容或者绘制一些简单的图表。
英语专业四级短文听力50篇答案
There is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months.Change in Women’s LifeThe important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. Useful Words and Expressions:1. life-pattern生活方式2. SharePopular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time.Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them.But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English.Useful Words and Expressions:1. window box:窗台上的花盆箱消遣，娱乐Swimming is my favorite pastime.and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the ., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time.Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them.The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes.Useful Words and Expressions:1. think much of 重视，尊重2. in court 在法庭上3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的 SpaceHow much living space does a person need What happens when his space needs are not met Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival These are interesting questions.United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined.There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote. The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly.The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones.It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars.Useful Words and Expressions:1. representative 代表2. General Assembly 联合国大会3. permanent 永久的，持久的4. Security Council 联合国安全理事会We use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles!Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily. The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them!of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy moreFresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley.More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there.Useful Words and Expressions:1. aisle 走廊，过道2. trolley 手推车3. checkout 收款台EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religion’s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to be north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.Useful expressions and words:1. device 装置，设备leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。
四级听力短文理解十大类标志词
四级听力短文理解十大类标志词据研究有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引导活提示的，因此在语段听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视，集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子。
1．最高级标志词形容词、副词最高级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / ……2．唯一级标志词only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / ……3．因果项标志词cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句/ ……4．转则项关键词despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~ （yet）~ / not only ~ but also ~ / ……5．序数项标志词所有的序数词（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / ……6．时间项标志词when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / ……7．解释项标志词or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / ……8．目的项标志词to / for / ……9．总结项标志词all in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / ……10．强调项标志词副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ……动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ……注：一些简单得大家熟知的在这里就没有一一列出了比方像because ,so, but之类的，请大家自己补充总结。
2021年6月英语四级真题听力 第5期 短文(1)_2
2021年6月英语四级真题听力第5期短文(1)Passage one段落一Attracting and feeding wild birds are entertaining activities that have long been enjoyed by people all over the world.吸引和喂养野生鸟类是一项令世界各地人们长期喜爱的娱乐活动。
Feeding birds has become so popular that prepared feed mixtures are readily available. We feed birds for many reasons.喂养鸟类已经变的如此普遍以至于鸟食随处可见。
我们喂养鸟类有很多原因。
Many pleasant hours can come from watching birds. A hobby often develops into a serious study of their habits.观察鸟类可以让我们度过很多愉快的时光。
爱好经常发展为一项严肃的鸟类习性研究。
Accurate identification of birds is usually the first goal. But observations that an amateur bird-watcher can make are really limitless.准确地辨认鸟类往往是第一个目标。
但是业余鸟类观察者可以做的观察确实是无止境的。
There is, however, responsibility associated with bird feeding, including a disease hazard.然而，与喂鸟有关的责任包括疾病风险。
Attracting numbers of birds continually to the same spot can be harmful to them, particularly species that pick food from the ground contaminated by the droppings of other birds.不断吸引大群的鸟类到同一个地方对这些鸟类是有害的，尤其是吃地上裹着其他鸟类粪便的食物。
2021年12月英语四级(第2套)听力真题 短文(1)_3
2021年12月英语四级(第2套)听力真题短文(1)All parents know it is difficult to get children to eat their vegetables. Some of them offer rewards or treats for children finishing their share. But researchers have discovered that youngsters who are not praised for trying vegetables are more likely to eat them eventually. The study found that the best way to get children to eat food they do not like is simply to give them repeated exposure to it. Psychologists from Ghent University in Belgium studied 98 children. They gave them five kinds of vegetables to eat-mushrooms, peas, eggplants, carrots and cabbages. The taste tests revealed that carrots were the least-liked vegetable among youngsters. The children were then given a bowl of boiled carrots and told to choose how much to eat. After 8 minutes, they were asked to rate the dish as “delicious,”“just OK” or “disgusting.” The trial went on twice a week for a month, with a follow-up taste test after 8 weeks. Children were split into three groups, with one group asked to try the bowl of carrots repeatedly with no further encouragement. The other two groups were given rewards of a toy or verbal praise. Afterthe trial, 81% of children who simply tried the carrots consistently liked them. This is in contrast to 68% for the group given a toy and 75% for the group given verbal praise.所有的父母都知道让孩子吃蔬菜很难。
2021年6月英语四级(第2套)听力真题 听力短文(2)
2021年6月英语四级(第2套)听力真题听力短文(2)If you are a graduate student, you may depend on your adviser for many things,如果你是一名研究生，那么你会在许多方面需要导师的帮助，including help with improving grades, acquiring financial support, forming an examining committee and getting letters of recommendation.包括提高成绩、申请助学资金、组建审核委员会以及写推荐信。
If you are a graduate teaching assistant, your adviser also may be your "boss".而如果你是研究生助教，那么你的导师也就是你的“老板”了。
Academic departments vary in their procedures for assigning academic advisers to graduate students.各个学术院系为研究生分配导师的机制不同。
In some departments, either the chairman or the director of graduate studies serves for at least the first semester as a new student adviser.在一些院系，系主任至少要在新生的第一学期担任导师。
Then students select an adviser, based on shared academic interests.之后，学生根据学术兴趣选择导师。
In other departments, a new student is assigned a faculty adviser based on some system of distribution of the department's "advising load".另外一些院系则有某种导师分配体系，这种体系的分配原则以“指导量”为基础。
2023年六月第一套英语四级听力解析
2023年六月第一套英语四级听力解析一、引言2023年六月的英语四级考试已经结束，听力部分一直是考生们比较关注的部分之一。
在新的英语四级听力部分中，考生需要通过听力材料来获取信息，理解对话和讲话者的意图，并根据所听到的内容进行问题回答。
本文将对2023年六月第一套英语四级听力进行解析，帮助考生更好地理解听力材料，并在复习备考时有针对性地提高听力水平。
二、听力解析1. Part A: ConversationsConversation 1A: Are you going to the bookstore later?B: Yeah, I need to pick up the book for my history class.A: Do you mind picking up one for me too?B: Sure, what book do you need?A: It's called "World History: From Ancient Times to the Present". B: Got it. I'll pick one up for you.对话解析：这段对话是两个同学之间的对话，他们讨论去书店买书的事情。
其中A需要买一本世界历史相关的书籍，而B答应了并且询问了A需要的具体书籍名称。
考生需要通过这段对话来理解对话中人物的目的以及需要采取的行动。
Conversation 2A: Hey, do you want to go see the new movie this weekend? B: I wish I could, but I have to work on my project for class.A: Come on, everyone else is going.B: I really can't. It's due on Monday and I hardly got anything done yet.A: Okay, maybe next time.对话解析：这段对话是两个朋友之间的对话，他们讨论是否一起去看新电影。
2023年3月英语四级听力真题及答案短文1 Passage One(网友版)
短文1 Passage1 Passage OneLove them or hate them, smartphones have become an integral part of our daily lives. But should they be left outoide the classroom?Nick Gibb,Minister for Scloini Standards in England believes schools should ban their pupils from bringing in smartphones.Astrid Natalie, a secondary school math teacher [16]incorporates phones into her classroom.“My school doesnithaye money for tablets.” She says. When students use their phones for research, they learned they have a powerful tool in their hands. If we stop chicej. UsIng phones, we're rejecting something they care about. Meanwhile, Helen Lockhart, a registered nurse working for community education, supports a complete ban. I'm banned from mobile use at work and my phone must be handed in. If I'm caught with it in my pocket. I will be ubiect-to disciplinary procedure,which will impact on my career.[Q17] We need to teach children how to behave like the professionals they're striving to become. Richard Stone, an English teacher thinks there should be a clear separation between school and home. "Students should do things differently in the two en irpments. Children are getting more than enough screen time in their lives [18]without the need to bring their phone into the classroom. The internet is too easy and too unreliable a research tool so let's leave phones and laptops at home and show them a different world in their lessons. one of books and pens”, he says. Question 16 What do we learn about Astrid Natalie,a secondary school math teacher?Question 17 Why does Helen Lockhart, a registered nurse support a complete ban on smartphone use in the classroom?Question 18 What should students do in the classroom? According to Richard Stone, an English teacher.。
2021年12月英语四级(第2套)听力真题 听力短文(2)
2021年12月英语四级(第2套)听力真题听力短文(2)We know we have to pay for what we get.我们都知道我们获得的时候得付出点什么。
If we buy food, we have to pay for it.如果我们买吃的，我们得付钱。
If a doctor treats us, we know there will be a bill to pay. These are private bills.如果医生给我们看病，我们也要付钱。
这都是个人账单。
But there are also public bills to be paid. They are paid by the government.但也有公共账单。
这些账单由政府买单。
In turn we get the needed services. We pay for these services through taxes.作为享受服务的交换，我们赋税。
What would happen if everyone stopped paying taxes?如果大家都不交税的话，会发生什么？The water supply would stop; the streets might not be cleaned; schools would be closed.供水会被中断，街道不会再有人清扫，学校会被关闭。
We would not want to live in such a city.我们不会想要住在一个这样的城市里的。
The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and property.每个政府的主要职责就是保护每一个人及其财产。
More than three-fourths of government expenses are used for this purpose.超过政府支出的四分之三都是用于这个目的。
2021年12月英语四级(第1套)听力真题 听力短文(2)
2021年12月英语四级(第1套)听力真题听力短文(2)Agricultural workers in green tea fields near Mt. Kenya are gathering the tea leaves.肯尼亚山附近的茶田里，农民们正在采摘茶叶。
It is beautiful to see. The rows of tea bushes are straight. All appears to be well.非常美丽的景象。
茶树排排成行。
长势喜人。
But the farmers who planted the bushes are worried. Nelson Kibara is one of them.但是种茶树的农民们却忧心忡忡。
Nelson Kibara就是其中之一。
He has been growing tea in the Kerugoya area for 40 years.他在克鲁格亚地区种了40年茶了。
He says the prices this year have been so low that he has made almost no profit.他说今年茶叶价格太低了，几乎无利可赚。
He says he must grow different kinds of tea if he is to survive.要是想继续下去，他得种好几种不同的茶才行。
Mr. Kibara and hundreds of other farmers have been removing some of their tea bushesKibara先生和其他上百位农民拔掉了他们的一部分茶树，and planting a new kind of tea developed by the Tea Research Foundation of Kenya.换上了由肯尼亚茶研究基金会培育的新品茶树。
2021年12月英语四级(第2套)听力真题 短文(3)
2021年12月英语四级(第2套)听力真题短文(3)Passage Three篇章三Take care of your teeth and your teeth will take care of you.好好保护你的牙齿，牙齿不会亏待你的。
Your teeth are a living part of your body. They have nerves and blood vessels.牙齿是身体的有机部分。
他们也有神经和血管。
Diseased teeth can cause pain, die and fall out.龋齿会疼痛、死亡，然后脱落。
Plaque is the main enemy of healthy teeth. Everyone has plaque.牙斑是一口好牙的劲敌。
每个人都有牙斑。
It is a sticky colorless film that coats the teeth.它是一种无色的黏着薄膜，覆盖在牙齿上。
Plaque is always forming on the teeth, especially at the gum line.牙斑总是在牙齿表面形成，牙龈线上尤其常见。
If plaque is not removed, it builds up and gets under the gum line.如果不把牙斑清掉，它就会一点点累积起来，侵蚀牙龈线。
Plaque that is left on the teeth for some time hardens; the result is tooth decay and gum disease.被留在牙齿表面的牙斑，一段时间以后变硬，最终导致蛀牙和牙周炎。
The bacteria in plaque live on sugar.牙斑中的细菌靠糖类生存。
They change sugar into acids, which break down the tooth's harder outer covering.他们把糖转化成酸，酸会分解坚硬的牙齿外壳。
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三、听力短文十大主题
（3）理论类：自然界中某个神秘现象的发生；科学 家的理论内容；用理论阐释现象的成因或规律。
（4）发明类：人类生活中的局限；发明家进行的努 力；发明成功的年代；发明的工作原理、操作步骤 或功能效果。
关键词：science, astronomy, spaceman, technology, design, program, chemical, explore, agriculture, fertilizer, hurricane, typhoon, surgery, euthanasia
及人物传记中对人物有重大意义的事件 考生应快速浏览选项，推测出短文的大致内容，
听录音时把注意力集中在关键信息上
2. 说明文：
主要包括文化教育类、社会制度类和科普研究类文章。 由于说明文所涉及的内容相当广泛，考生应注意平时多阅读、多
积累，扩大自己的知识面，尤其要注意西方文化与本国文化不同 的地方，以及科学技术的新发展、新变化。 文化教育类和社会制度类短文虽然题材广泛，内容通俗易懂，句 型结构较简单。可通过篇首或篇尾的主题句推测文章内容。 科普研究类文章往往是考生比较陌生的话题，句型结构较复杂， 也会经常出现生僻词。但是此类文章的题目一般都较简单，细节 题较多，考生可边听边看题目选项，捕获关键信息，放弃无关紧 要的信息和听不明白的词。
三、听力短文十大主题
5. 特殊机构及西方文化介绍文（说明文）
内容：办事服务机构（银行、餐厅等）、科技研究中心、法 庭或监狱、图书馆图书流通服务、交通通讯方式、音乐剧、 好莱坞电影、芭蕾舞等方面。1. 故事叙述文
内容：幽默故事或奇闻逸事，灾难及逃生，通过 学习提高思想的故事，谋生故事等。
结构： ·开篇句引出故事背景及主人公遇到的困境； ·主人公做出的计划、决定及其原因； ·主人公采取的非同寻常的步骤和行为； ·故事以生动的结局收尾——通常是主人公所提到 的一句意味深长的话（推测言外之意）。 四大要素：时间，地点，人物，情节 关键词：first, second, third, finally, after, before, then, but…
3. 短文体裁较为固定，为做出正确判断提供了语境依据。听力短 文多为说明文或叙述性小故事，材料较为通俗易懂，这使提前根 据所给选项推断材料内容成为可能。
4. 选项已知，可作为推断短文内容的依据。考生可以根据选项所 提供的信息，利用前面提到的弹性时间进行推断，为充分获取短 文信息创造更加有利的条件。
三、听力短文十大主题
3. 学校教育介绍文
内容：美国中小学教育特点，美国私立学校及宗教 学校，某大学的特殊教育体制方法等方面的内容。 多为主旨题或综合判断题。
结构：·开篇句带出某类教育（学校）的基本特点 及开办原因；·学校的教育地位、管理方法及资金； ·学校生源、师资、课程设置、校舍、图书馆或课外 活动介绍，经常会提到数字统计；·学校最独特的 一两个方面及相关原因。
三、听力短文十大主题
2. 著名人物介绍文
内容：对政治家、艺术家、企业家、科学家、运 动员以及在某行业有影响的人物的介绍或其生活 中的事情。
结构： ·开篇句对人物进行简明扼要的介绍，有时带生卒 年代； ·社会环境的局限性及人物面临的问题； ·历史人物的活动、历史事件及相关年代； ·评价人物的重大成就及历史地位。
主旨题、细节题、态度题、 判断题、推理题
一、听力短文五大命题特点
1. 形似阅读理解，难度相差悬殊。听力短文在形式上与阅读理解 基本相同，但听力短文材料的难度比阅读理解小得多，只相当于 一般的口语材料。因此考生完全没有必要被其外在形式吓倒。
2. 短文播放时间固定，但有弹性时间可利用。播放听力录音之前 有大约90秒的试音时间，且在播放短文之前要播放本题的指令部 分（directions），这些时间都是可以利用的。
大学英语四级听力
短文理解
内容梗概
一、听力短文五大命题特点 二、听力短文三大文体 三、听力短文十大主题 四、听力短文六大设提点 五、听力短文五大提问方式 六、听力短文五大应答技巧 七、听力短文三大应急高招
四级听力短文理解
篇数：三篇短文 题量：每篇3-4题，共10题 体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文 篇幅：平均250词/篇 题型：单项选择 ——
结构：（1）现象类：开篇句点明现象的发生时间、环 境；现象的主要特点；人类对现象的研究及初步结论； 现象对人类生活可能带来的好处或危害。
（2）动物类：开篇句引出动物的某种特性、优势；特 性的生成原因（适应自然、躲避危险、便于捕食）； 一类动物中的一个独特代表:其活动速度、生理节奏、 身体部位及功能、食物吸取量；对人类的启发（相关 典故谚语）。
关键词：periodical, journal, magazine, literature, philosophy, research, interview
三、听力短文十大主题
4. 科普知识文
内容：科学常识，自然现象，动物生活习性，科学家 的理论，某项发明的过程，某项工具的历史演变等。 专业知识要求高，难度最大。
3. 议论文：
主要是社会现象与问题类的文章，题材也很广泛 在听录音时，应快速浏览选项，预测短文内容。 听时注意作者的观点态度以及支撑其观点所列举的
事实和数据 在做题时应根据所听到的内容选择最佳选项，千万
不能根据自己的主观想法推测 这类文章的主题句一般在段首或段尾，设置的问题
多是主旨大意题和造成现象问题的原因类题 考生应集中注意力听清主题句，并预读选项、预测
5. 各小题类型相对固定，有助于总结答题规律。多年来听力短文 的试题类型是相对固定的，主要包括主旨题、细节题、态度题、 判断题、推理题等，这给我们正确解题提供了启发和思路。
二、听力短文三大文体
1.记叙文：
主要包括新闻、故事、人物传记等 考查的细节题较多 注意关键信息，如时间、地点、人物、原因，以