史上最全 罗马尼亚 中英双语介绍

史上最全罗马尼亚中英双语介绍

History

The principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia - for centuries under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their autonomy in 1856; they united in 1859 and a few years later adopted the new name of Romania. The country gained recognition of its independence in 1878 from the great powers following the Russo-Turkish war. However, during the Austria-Hungary (1867C1918), Romanians in Transylvania (Western and Central parts of today Romania) experienced one of the worst periods of oppression in their history in the form of Hungarianisation.

In spite of its previous alliance with Germany and Austria, Romania joined the Allied Powers in World War I in a move aimed at acquiring Transylvania. At the end of the World War I, which brought the disintegration of the empires of Russia and Austria-Hungary, Bessarabia (eastern part of today Moldova) and Transylvania united with the Romanian Kingdom in 1918. Union of Transylvania with Romania was ratified in 1920.

In 1940, Romania allied with the Axis powers and participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, Romania was overrun by the Soviets and signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the formation of a

Communist "people"s republic" in 1947 and the abdication of the king. The decades-long rule of dictator Nicolae Ceausescu, who took power in 1965, and his Securitate police state became increasingly oppressive and draconian through the 1980s. Ceausescu was overthrown and executed in late 1989. Former Communists dominated the government until 1996, when they were swept from power by a fractious coalition of centrist parties.

Rania joined NATO in March 2004.

历史

瓦拉几亚和摩尔达维亚侯国在被土耳其奥托曼帝国统治了几个世纪后，于1856年恢复自治，他们在1859年结成联盟，几年后采用了罗马尼亚这个新的国名。在俄国-土耳其战争后，罗马尼亚的独立被超级强国承认。然而，在奥匈帝国时期（1867－1918年），特兰西瓦尼亚的罗马尼亚人（今天罗马尼亚的中西部）受匈牙利同化而经历其历史上最压迫的阶段。

尽管以前曾与德国及奥地利亚结盟，为了夺回特兰西瓦尼亚，罗马尼亚在第一次世界大战时加入了同盟国。在一战结束时，随着俄罗斯和奥匈帝国的瓦解，比萨拉比亚（今天摩尔多瓦的东部）和特兰西瓦尼在1918年与罗马尼亚王国结盟。1920年，特兰西瓦尼亚与罗马尼亚的结盟被批准。

1940年，罗马尼亚加入轴心国，参加了1941年德国入侵苏联的战争。三年

后，罗马尼亚被前苏联入侵，并签署了休战协议。1947年在战后苏联占领的地区成立了共产主义人民共和国，并导致了王国的瓦解。1965年，Nicolae Ceausescu掌权，他长达几十年的独裁统治和他设立的警察机关使国家在整个八十年代处于沉重和严峻的状态下。1989年末Ceausescu被推翻并处被处死。

前共产党执政, 直到1996年, 被合并的中间派党推翻。

2004年3月罗马尼亚加入北大西洋公约组织。

Geography

Romania is situated in southeastern Europe, bordered by Ukraine and Moldova in the northeast; Hungary in the west; Serbia and Bulgaria to the south along the Danube River. Romania has a stretch of sea coast on the Black Sea and the eastern and southern Carpathian mountains run through its centre.

A large part of Romania’s borders with Serbia and Bulgaria is formed by the Danube. The Danube is joined by the Prut River, which forms the border with Moldova. The Danube flows into the Black Sea forming the Danube Delta which is a reservation of the Biosphere. Many Romania’s borders are defined by natural, sometimes shifting rivers, and because the Danube Delta is constantly expanding towards the sea, about 2-5 linear metres yearly, Romania’s surface area has changed over the past few decades, generally increasing. The number has increased from about 237,500 km² in 1969 to 238,391 km² in 2005. The Carpathian Mountains dominate the centre of Romania surrounding the Transylvanian Plateau, 14 peaks reaching above the altitude of 2,000 m, the highest being Moldoveanu Peak at 2,544 m. In the south, the Carpathians sweeten into hills, towards the Bărăgan Plains.

地理

罗马尼亚位于欧洲东南部，东北面和乌克兰及摩尔多瓦接壤，西面和匈牙利接壤，南面隔着多瑙河的是塞尔维亚和保加利亚。罗马尼亚在黑海沿岸有很长的海岸线，东面和南面的喀尔巴阡山脉(Carpathian) 贯穿国家中心。

罗马尼亚和塞尔维亚及保加利亚的边界大部分是多瑙河。多瑙河的支流普