全新版大学英语综合教程2课文答案

Appenore likely to spend their spthat we come to t.
Part II Text A
Text Organization 1.
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1-3
Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.
Part Two
Paras 4-16
Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.
Part Three
Paras 17-19
Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of others — these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.
1 S
hip by truck and send cargo by ship: The first "ship" means "send", the second one "a large boat".
2 H
ave noses that run and feet that smell: This refers to what people usually say" have a running nose", "have smelly feet".
3 a
wise guy and a wise man: The former refers to a person who pretends to know more than he does; the latter to a man of unusual learning.
Appendix I - 188
2.
Paras 4-9
The introduction of the Indo-European laent language of En-
nguage — the parriyioj won-gksh
Paras 10-11
Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words — Old English
Para 12
The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin
Para 13
The Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse
Para 14
The Norman Conquest — French influence
Para 15
The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin and Greek
Para 16
The American revolution — the emergence of a new variety — American En-glish
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) independent 2) Strictly speaking
3) drifted 4) resembles
5) virtually 6) invaded
7) conquered 8) fascinating
9) snack 10) will be put into practice
11) classics ..12) source 13) climate 14) surrendered
15) were ... aroused
2. 1) In the United States, private cars are an absolute necessity rather than a luxury.
2)
Everyone thinks that the new member is a valuable addition to the football team.
3)
I am afraid the fire will get out of control if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.
4)
As all flights to the United States have been cancelled, you have no alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle.
5)
The government has declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months for fear of the spread of mad cow disease.
3. 1) Through systematic research, scientists have invented many drugs that are said to help us
live longer, but the cause of aging remains, to a very real extent, one of life's mysteries. 2) The two parties have reached an agreement to establish a joint venture in Beijing, but before a formal contract is signed, some clauses in the draft agreement need to be modi-
- 184 - Appendix I
fied/modifying so that no misunderstanding will arise as to their interpretation. 3) Our ancestors have passed onto us the wisdom that to ensure the long-lasting prosperity of a country, we must show tolerance for the errors made by those who strike out revolutionary paths. These pe

ople, with their new ideas and practice, will enrich the national experience.
II. Synonyms
1.
a) wish
2.
a) skin
3.
a) rear/raise
4
. a) royal
b) wish
b) hide/skin
b) raise
b) kingly/royal
c) want
c) hide
c) rear/raise c) sovereign
d) wish/want d) skin
d) raise
d) royal/kingly
III. Usage 1.Indeed 3. Frankly
5. To my knowledge 7. Nevertheless
9. instead
i
2. though
4. Moreover
6. however
8. Yet
10. in other words
l
Structure
1
) We are literally crawling. There must be some traffic accident ahead.
2
) Thomas sounds very knowledgeable about traditional Chinese medicine. He must have had some special training.
3
) The draft document is complete in virtually every detail. It must have taken him months to prepare it.
4)
Cathy must have missed the train. She should have arrived here two hours ago.
5) What? It cost you one thousand dollars to fill a hollow tooth? You must be exaggerating! 2. 1) Are we supposed to deposit our bags before entering the supermarket?
2)
The spaceship is supposed to land on Mars at 10:40 this morning.
3)
As a car driver, you are supposed to know how to change a tire.
4)
The nurses in the hospital are supposed to take good care of the patients.
5)
We are supposed to speak only in English when we discuss text organization.
Appendix I - 185 -
Comprehensive fxercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. fascinating
3. invented
5. ban
7. out of control
9. Fortunately
11. sources
(B)
1) early
3) found
5) source
7) in
9) how
11) given/delivered
13) by
15) without
2.
tolerance
4.
addition
6.
corrupt
8.
establishing
10
Massive
12.
enrich
2) those
4)
must
6) further
8) began
10
)
in 12) than
14
)
so 16
common
II. Translation
Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery, linguists/language scientists now tend to believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source; the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabu-lary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other lan-guages massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary. As settlers landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.
- 136 - Appendix I
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check
1. c 2. c
3. c 4. d
5. b 6. d
Translation
(#J& Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. give way to
2. predict
3. substantial
4. integrate
5. in transition
6. aspect
7. professionals
8. genuine
9. economic
10. to name a few
11. authority
12. dominate
13. crude
14. trend
15. shift
16. had contributed to
17. unique
18. exceeding
19. rid yourself of
2

0. status
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Estimates of English Speakers from 1950 to 2050
This graph shows the changes of the estimated numbers of English speakers from 1950 to 2050. English speakers are divided into three groups, i.e., LI speakers, L2 speakers and EFL speak-ers.
According to the graph, it is estimated that the number of LI speakers was a little over 200
Appendix I -137-
million in 1950, a figure that will increase to around 450 million by 2050. L2 speakers will triple during the same period, from less than 200 million to around 600 million. EFL speakers will double in number over the period, starting from about 400 million in 1950 and reaching to over 900 million in 2050.
Although the numbers of English speakers in all three groups tend to increase, their patterns of increase are different. LI speakers increase steadily over the entire period, but not as rapidly as L2 speakers. This rapid growth is predicted to lead to L2 speakers outnumbering LI speakers by the year 2010. Trends for the number of EFL speakers follow a somewhat different path. While the figures remained stable during the 1950s they then began to experience an increasingly sharp rise that is expected to level off and remain stable from 2020. (195 words)
Unit 8
Part I Pre-Reading Task
Script for the recording:
Listen to the song called Big Yellow Taxi the singer, Amy Grant, will sing, and see what it is about:
They paved paradise and put up a parking lot
With a pink hotel, a boutique, and a swinging hot spot
Don't it always seem to go
That you don't know what you got till it's gone
They paved paradise and put up a parking lot
They took all the trees and put 'em in a tree museum . And then they charged all the people twenty-five bucks just to see 'em Don't it always seem to go
That you don't know what you got till it s gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot
- 186 - Appendix I
Hey farmer, farmer, put away your DDT now
Give me spots on my apples out leave me the birds and the tees, please
Don't it always seem to go
That you don't know what you got till it's gone
They paved paradise and put up a parking lot
Don't it always seem to go
That you don't know what you got till it's gone
They paved paradise and put up a parking lot
Late last night I heard the screen door slam And a big yellow taxi carried off my old man Don't it always seem to go
That you don't know what you got till it's gone They paved paradise and put up a parking lot
8 H
Don't it always seem to go
That you don't know what you got till it's gone
They paved paradise and put up a parking lot .
When people live in the countryside they want to live in the city. And when they get to live in the city they begin to miss the beauty of nature. Which is just how the singer feels. She remembers how beautiful the countryside was before it was built over with parking lots, hotels, fashion shops and nightclubs. In her words:
i They paved paradise

and put up a parking lot
With a pink hotel, a boutique, and a swinging hot spot
City life has become so far removed from nature that she jokes about how we may have to pay to enjoy it.
They took all the trees and put 'em in a tree museum
And then they charged all the people twenty-five bucks just to see’em
Appendix I - 189 -
Not such a wild idea, perhaps, when one remembers city people have to pay for their parks.
But the problem is not only in the cities. We are destroying nature even in the countryside, as chemicals such as DDT that farmers use to protect crops wipe out insects and then the birds that feed on them. The singer calls for them to stop.
Hey farmer, farmer, put away your DDT now
Give me spots on my apples but leave me the birds and the bees, please
Sadly we often don't realize just how much things mean to us until it is too late. The same is true of everything: even of people who are close to us. The singer can't help her thoughts coming round to this point, for only last night her lover left her, slamming the door behind him before driving off into the night in a taxi.
Late last night I beard the screen door slam And a bid yellow taxi carried off my old man
In personal life as with public issues, it is much the same. We only find out how valuable things were to us when we lose them. Which all goes to show that
Don't it always seem to go
That you don't know what you got till it s gone.
Part II Text A
Text Organization 1.
Parts Central Argument Supporting Details
Part One (Paras 1-5) It is important to distinguish be- 1. the ozone layer: skin cancer; plank- tween environmental necessities ton
and environmental luxuries and 2. the green house effect: melting ice
- 140 - Appendix I
apply the fundamental principle
caps; disturbed climate; dried up
of sensible environmentalism.
plains; empty breadbaskets
3.
man's self-preservation
Part Two (Paras 6-11)
A sensible environmentalism
1.
the so-called "Gaia theory"
does not sentimentalize the earth.
2.
Protagoras' principle
3.
oil war and the reindeer
4.
the spotted owl and logging fami-lies
Part Three (Paras 12-14)
Man is the master of nature.
1.
man's well-being first
2.
who should accommodate and how
3.
humanistic environmentalism
2.
1) environmental luxuries vs. environmental necessities
2)
sensible environmentalism vs. sentimental environmentalism
3) man vs. nature
Vocabulary
I. 1. 1) universal 2) current
3) worked his way 4) deny
5) melt 6) came through
7) threat 8) combat
9) in the name of 10) raged
11) vote 12) concerns
13) in part 14) reality 15) urgent
2. 1) There has been much debate on the new teaching method invented by a young education-
is
t.
2)
Most kinds of cancer are fatal without proper treatment.
3)
John has submitted an application for retirement at the age of 56 on the grounds of ill health.
4)
Can you draw a distinction between these two approaches? They sound so similar to me.
5) Cars should stop at

red traffic lights. Similarly, bicycles should stop, too.
3. 1) Ecologists constantly call for people to stop cutting trees for the sake of man's own future.
Appendix 1 - 141 -
As
a matter of fact, more and more people have realized that man's fate is closely bound up with his environment.
2)
We distinguish the excellent manager from the common one by observing his human rela-tions skills to accommodate all kinds of conflicting interests within his company. The excellent manager can always create a lively atmosphere through various proposals and suggestions while the common one can do nothing more than complain about everything.
3) It goes against the grain of contemporary concept of ecology ( 生态学) to overuse our natural resources regardless of serious ecological consequences. While it is ridiculous to worship the earth to the point of excess, to ignore the fundamental principles of ecological balance is dangerous too.
II. Confusable Words
1. 1) sensible
3) sentimental
5) sensible
2. 1) conserve 3) conserve
2) sensitive
4) sensitive
6) sentimental 2) preserves 4) preserving
III. Word Formation
age-old 古老的
air force 空军
daughter-in-law 儿媳妇
first-rate 一流的
greenhouse 温室
half brother 同母异父兄弟；同父异母兄弟
ice-cream 冰激凌
lifelike 逼真的
light year 光年
salesperson 售货员；推销员
self-centered 以自己为中心的，自私的
threefold 三倍
overuse 过度使用
stone-still 石头似的一动不动
worldwide 全世界范围的；在全世界范围的
- 142 - Appendix I
Structure
1. 1) Now that he has begun a new life in a foreign country, everything seems so different and he is
un
derstandably excited.
2)
The things I've worked so hard for appear to me so shallow and worthless now that I've achieved them.
3)
Now that the warmer months are coming, why don't you take the opportunity to travel around Siberia?
4) Now that she knew the whole truth she realized how stupid she had been not to suspect that her boyfriend was actually a spy.
2. 1) When Mount Qomolangma was remeasured in 1987 by a more accurate method, it was found
to
be 24 meters higher than previously believed.
2)
The central heating system has proved less effective than originally hoped for.
3)
The new electronic dictionary is sold at a much lower price than predicted.
4) Totally fed up with the noise in the surroundings of the hotel, Prof. Sherrington said he'd leave as soon as he finished his work and wouldn't stay there a moment longer than necessary.
Comprehensive Exercises
I. Cloze
(A)
1. concern
3. excess
5. consequences
7. distinguish
9. distinctions (B)
1. between
3. conserving
5. concern
7. own
9. use
11. as
13. lower
2. environment
4. regardless
6. fatal
8. urgent
10. fundamental
2. than
4. less
6. that
8. more
10. mankind/man 12. which
14. differences
Appendix I -148-
II. Translation
It is relatively more difficult to call for poorly educa

ted people to conserve resources be-cause they tend to view resources as nothing more than handy materials, which they can never overuse to the point of excess. They are seldom aware of the fatal consequences of the ruin of nature. In contrast, most educated people bind their own well-being to that of nature and try to preserve nature on the grounds of self-preservation. Though it may be difficult to distinguish a good proposal from a bad one in our current debate on environmental issues, one contemporary commentator has argued that protecting the environment in the name of man should be our guiding principle.
Part III Text B
Comprehension Check
1. a 3. d 5. d
2. b 4. a 6. c
Translation
(#JE Appendix III)
Language Practice
1. nothing but
3. get away from 5. Pollute
7. assumptions
9. has rusted
11. dump
13. substance
15. triumph
17. hardens
19. Uttered
2. patches
4. spoil
6. explosion
8. enables
10. washed up
12. stained
14. destruction
16. pinched
18. For all
20. mankind
- 144 - Appendix I
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
My Thoughts on Environmental Protection
When faced with all kinds of environmental problems, many people seem to believe that we have to choose either economic prosperity or environmental protection. In my view, this is a false choice. I think that economic development and environmental protection can and must coexist.
It is true that development has brought with it a number of environmental problems, such as air pollution, water shortages and acid rain, but at the same time modern industry and commerce have greatly improved our lives. Few would wish to live without the benefits of television, automobiles, computers, etc. To stop developing our industry and commerce for the sake of nature alone is pure sentimentalism.
Of course, we can't allow economic growth to go on at the expense of the environment, either. When a healthy environment is gone, everything that our life depends on is gone, too. So, we must protect the environment—not for the sake of the environment alone—but for the sake of man.
(168 words)
/