考研阅读逐句译2002年第1篇
考研英语一 阅读 超精读 2002年Text1超精读
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2002年真题超精读Text 11、If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences andaddressing, the problems will be different.4、If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.词汇句子逻辑关系1、Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’convention, of a story which works well because the audience allSt. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,”came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”1具体化(那个故事)2(并列)3并列4具体化5词汇12 句子逻辑关系1、If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it ’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman ’s notorious bad taste in ties.2、With other audiences you mustn ’t attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman.3、 You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.词汇句子逻辑关系1、Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. 3、Often it ’s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.1具体化2具体化3词汇3句子 逻辑关系语用:1、Look for the humor.2、It often comes from the unexpected.3、 A twist on a familiar quote “If at first you don ’t succeed, give up ” or a play on words or on a situation.4、 Search for exaggeration and understatement.5、Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.词汇 句子逻辑关系篇章结构:论点型(幽默应该选准话题)——亮明论点——论证(论述过程,举例子——给了些建议(整体告诉我们应该这么用))延伸:幽默类型(考研中出现两次)、出国留学考试也容易出现幽默的类型:1、突降:sudden drop (和自然预期的结果不一样(反差))2、夸张:exaggeration (夸到了不可能的程度(去年一滴相思泪,今年未流到嘴边))3、模仿:mimic /'m ɪm ɪk/4、扭曲:twist /tw ɪst/ (名言的改变)。
2002年考研英语一真题答案解析
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2002 年考研英语真题答案(1~20略:新大纲不再考查的部分)完形填空21.A 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.C 30.B31.D32.A33.A34.C35.B36.D37.A38.C39.B40.C阅读理解(A节)41.C 42.B 43.D 44.D 45.A 46.C 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.C51.B52.D53.D54.A55.A56.B57.C58.B59.A60.D英译汉61.难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依旧从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去找 行为的根源。
62.行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察得到的, 部分原因是其他的解释一直很难找到。
63.自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才被阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的 选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
64.自由和尊严是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其 业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。
65.如果这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式 可能也随之继续受到排斥。
2002年考研英语真题答案系统精析SectionⅠListeningComprehension (1~20略:新大纲不再考查的部分)SectionⅡUseofEnglish文章大意本文主要介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命以及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
全文的模式为叙事型,解读时要注意把握每段的主题句。
文章第一段指出,人们常把20世纪电视的发展与15、16世纪的印刷术的传播进行比较,然而,在这之间还发生过许多事情。
第二段,作者讲述了20世纪早期计算机的出现和发展过程。
第三段,指出这种影响是福是祸尚未定论。
答案/重难点词汇/超纲词汇/难句标注、全文精译及英汉对照 Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened21(between).(难句)Aswasdiscussedbefore, itwasnot22(until)the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominant? pre electronic23(medium), followinginthewakeof① thepamphlet2 andthebookandinthe24(company)oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthe 人们曾把20世纪电视的发展与15、16世纪印刷术的传播进行过比较。
2002年考研英语text1
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2002年考研英语text1摘要:1.16 字方针的含义和背景2.研学旅行的定义和目的3.16 字方针对研学旅行的影响4.研学旅行的实践案例5.16 字方针和研学旅行的未来展望正文:【16 字方针的含义和背景】16 字方针,全称为“安全第一,预防为主,综合治理,安全发展”,是我国安全生产工作的基本方针。
这一方针的提出,旨在强化安全生产意识,保障人民群众的生命财产安全。
在各行各业中,16 字方针都发挥着重要的指导作用,研学旅行也不例外。
【研学旅行的定义和目的】研学旅行,是指以学习为主要目的,通过集体旅行的方式,让学生走出校园,亲身感受自然和社会,从而达到知识教育、德育和人格培养等多种教育目的的户外教育活动。
研学旅行旨在让学生在实践中学习,提升学生的综合素质和社会实践能力。
【16 字方针对研学旅行的影响】16 字方针的应用,使得研学旅行在保证学生安全的基础上,更加注重教育的实效性。
在研学旅行的策划和实施过程中,必须始终坚持“安全第一”的原则,确保学生的人身安全。
同时,通过“预防为主”和“综合治理”的方式,提高研学旅行的教育效果,让学生在旅行中真正学到知识,提升能力。
【研学旅行的实践案例】例如,某中学组织了一次以“了解传统文化”为主题的研学旅行。
在旅行过程中,学生们参观了历史悠久的古建筑,体验了传统手工艺的制作过程,还品尝了当地的特色美食。
这样的研学旅行,不仅让学生们亲身感受到了传统文化的魅力,也提升了他们的审美能力和文化素养。
【16 字方针和研学旅行的未来展望】随着16 字方针的不断深入人心,研学旅行也将在未来的教育活动中发挥更大的作用。
2002年考研阅读第一篇解析
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2002年考研阅读第一篇解析摘要:I.考研英语阅读理解介绍A.考试形式和内容B.阅读理解的重要性II.2002 年考研阅读理解第一篇概述A.文章主题和结构B.文章难度和考查点III.文章主要内容解析A.第一段落1.人类独创力的曙光2.危险、无聊、繁重工作的解决方法B.第二段落1.更加狡猾的工具2.人类面对的工作挑战C.第三段落1.完形填空题的例子2.强调英语基础知识的重要性IV.阅读理解解题技巧A.预测和推断B.细节理解C.文章主旨把握V.总结A.考研英语阅读理解的难度和重要性B.提高阅读理解成绩的方法和技巧正文:考研英语阅读理解是考研英语的重要组成部分,其考查形式和内容对于考生来说至关重要。
为了更好地应对考研英语阅读理解,我们需要对历年的考研阅读理解真题进行深入解析。
本文将对2002 年考研阅读理解第一篇进行详细解析,以帮助考生更好地理解文章内容,提高阅读理解能力。
2002 年考研阅读理解第一篇以人类独创力的曙光为主题,阐述了人类在面对危险、无聊、繁重工作时如何通过发明工具来解决问题。
文章结构清晰,难度适中,考查了考生的阅读理解能力和英语基础知识。
文章分为三段,第一段讲述了人类独创力的曙光,通过举例说明了人类在早期发明了一些工具来应对危险、无聊、繁重的工作。
第二段进一步阐述了人类如何通过更加狡猾的工具来应对各种工作挑战。
第三段以完形填空题为例,强调了英语基础知识的重要性。
在阅读理解解题技巧方面,考生需要学会预测和推断,把握文章的主旨大意,同时注重细节理解。
通过这些技巧,考生可以更好地理解文章内容,提高阅读理解成绩。
总之,2002 年考研阅读理解第一篇对于考生来说具有一定的难度和重要性。
2002年考研英语一text1
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2002年考研英语一text1
2002年考研英语一的Text 1是一篇关于国际贸易的文章。
文
章主要讨论了全球化对国际贸易的影响以及全球化背景下的国际贸
易发展趋势。
文章首先介绍了全球化对国际贸易的积极影响,包括
促进了国际贸易的自由化和便利化,加速了技术和信息的传播,提
高了生产效率和降低了成本等。
然后,文章也提到了全球化对国际
贸易带来的挑战,例如加剧了贫富差距,导致了环境问题等。
接着,文章分析了全球化背景下国际贸易的发展趋势,指出了国际贸易将
更加依赖于技术创新和信息技术,以及国际合作的重要性。
最后,
文章强调了国际贸易在全球化进程中的重要性,并提出了应对全球
化带来的挑战的建议,如加强国际合作,促进贸易自由化和公平竞
争等。
在这篇文章中,作者通过介绍全球化对国际贸易的影响、分析
国际贸易的发展趋势以及提出建议,全面深入地探讨了国际贸易在
全球化背景下的重要性和面临的挑战。
文章结构清晰,观点明确,
语言简洁明了,既有理论分析又有实际案例,使得读者能够更好地
理解全球化对国际贸易的影响以及未来的发展方向。
这篇文章对于
理解全球化时代的国际贸易格局具有重要的参考价值,也有助于考
生在考研英语一的阅读理解部分的备考中加深对相关话题的理解。
2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译
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2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语全文翻译S e c t i o n I I U s e o fE n g l i s h人们曾对20世纪电视的发展和15㊁16世纪印刷术的传播进行过比较㊂然而,在这两个时段之间发生了很多事情㊂正如前面所讲的,直到19世纪,报纸才继宣传册和书之后,与期刊一起,成为电子时代到来前主要的传播手段㊂正是在这段时间,通信革命也加快了步伐,从铁路运输开始,发展到电报㊁电话㊁飞机和电影,直到20世纪的汽车和飞机㊂并不是每一个人都能正确地看待(通信革命的发展)这一进程,而做到这一点是非常重要的㊂然而,人们普遍认为20世纪初期计算机的出现,及随后60年代集成电路的发明,极大地改变了这一进程,尽管它对媒体的影响并没有立即见效㊂随着时间的推移,计算机变得越来越小,功能却更加强大㊂而且随着显示效果越来越清晰及存储量越来越大,电脑已不只是团体机构的用具,也成了个人的用具,像人一样,电脑也按 代 来划分,而且代与代之间的间隔越来越小㊂正是在计算机时代, 信息社会 这个词语开始被广泛地用于描述我们生活的环境㊂通信革命改变了我们的工作和休闲方式,同时也改变了我们对时间和空间的思考和感知方式㊂但对这一革命在经济㊁政治㊁社会和文化上的影响,人们还有争议㊂人们把它带来的益处和产生的弊端进行了权衡,但很难得出一个概括性的结论㊂S e c t i o n I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o nP a r tAT e x t1如果你想在谈话中用幽默语言使人发笑,你必须知道如何识别你与其他人共同的经历和共同的问题㊂你的幽默必须与听众有关,应该向他们显示你是他们中的一员,你了解他们的情况,赞同他们的观点㊂根据你谈话的对象的不同,问题也有所不同㊂如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以提及他们秘书的工作缺乏条理;相反,如果你在同一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论他们老板的工作方法紊乱㊂例如,我曾在一次护士集会上听到一个笑话,这个笑话很有效,因为所有听的人对医生的看法都很一致㊂一个人到了天堂,由圣彼得带着四处参观㊂他看到了豪华的住宅㊁美丽的花园㊁明媚的天气等等㊂所有人都很平和㊁礼貌和友善,然而在排队等候午餐时,这位新来的人突然被一位穿白外套的人推到一旁㊂只见这人挤到了队伍的前头,抓过他的食物,咚咚地旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁㊂ 这是谁啊? 新来的人问圣彼得㊂ 哦,那是上帝, 他回答说, 但有时他认为自己是一名医生㊂如果你是你谈话对象中的一分子,你就能够了解你们所共有的经历和问题,你就可对餐厅中难以下咽的食物或总裁在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足㊂对于其他听众,你就不能试图插入这种幽默,因为他们不喜欢外人对他们的餐厅和总裁有如此微词㊂如果你选择去评论邮局或电话局这样的替罪羊,那你就会很安全㊂如果你在幽默时感到很别扭,你必须进行练习使它变得更自然㊂插入一些很随便的显然是即兴的话,并用轻松的㊁不做作的方式表达出来㊂常常是你说话的方式使听众发笑,因此说慢一些,并且记住扬起眉毛或者做出一个不相信的表情都会向人们显示你正在说笑话㊂留意幽默,它常常出奇不意㊂对一句引语的歪曲如 你要是一开始未成功,就放弃 ,或者运用双关和对某种情景开玩笑㊂留意夸张和重事轻说的说法㊂考虑一下你的谈话,选出一些词汇和句子,你可以把它们变化一下,添加一些幽默㊂T e x t2从人类发明创造的初期至今,人们一直在设计日益巧妙的工具,来处理那些危险的㊁枯燥的㊁繁重的和令人讨厌的工作㊂由于人们不愿从事这些工作,因此便有了机器人学 一种将人类的各种技能赋予机器的科学㊂虽然科学家们仍然没有实现科幻小说的幻想,但他们已经开始接近这个目标了㊂因此,智能仪器日益充斥现代世界,我们平时很少注意到它们,而它们的普遍存在已经节省了许多劳力㊂我们的工厂里轰鸣着机器人生产线的节奏声;我们的金融服务由自动柜员机完成,完成业务后,它们还会机械地㊁有礼貌地谢谢我们;我们的地铁车辆由不知疲倦的机器人驾驶㊂由于电子和微型机械仪器的不断缩小,现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的某些脑部和骨骼手术 这要比技术相当娴熟的医生仅凭双手精确得多㊂但是如果要让机器人更进一步起到帮人类省力的效用,它们必须能够在人类指导减少的情况下自我运作,并能独立进行一些决策 这是一个真正的挑战㊂ 虽然我们知道如何让机器人去处理一个特定的问题, N A S A的机器人计划经理D a v eL a v e r y说, 我们仍然不能赋予机器人以足够的 常识 ,以使它们能够与动态的世界进行可靠的交流㊂的确,对真正的人工智能的要求带来了各种各样的结果㊂虽然一开始在20世纪60和70年代有一个乐观的开端,仿佛晶体管电路和微处理器将在2010年前能够模仿人类大脑的活动,但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后数十年,甚至数百年㊂在试图构建思维模型的过程中,研究人员发现,人类大脑中的一千亿个神经细胞要比以前想像的更聪明,人类的感觉器官也比以前想像的更复杂㊂用人脑建造的机器人在严格控制的工厂环境里,能够识别仪表盘上毫米以下的误差㊂但是人的大脑能够扫描一个快速变化的场景,迅速排除98%的不相干的信息,立即聚焦于森林里蜿蜒道路旁的一只猴子,或者一大群人中一张可疑的面孔㊂世界上最先进的计算机系统都不能达到这样的能力,并且神经学科学家仍然不知道我们是怎样做到这一点的㊂T e x t3过去经济衰退的可怕日子是否又将来临?自从3月份石油输出国组织决定减少原油供应以来,原油的价格已经从去年12月份的不到10美元一桶上升到大约26美元一桶㊂油价近三倍的上涨令人回想起了1973年的石油冲击,那时油价涨了四倍;还有1979 1980年,那时油价也涨了近三倍㊂前两次油价暴涨都造成了两位数的通货膨胀率和全球性经济衰退㊂那么这次警告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了?这个星期因伊拉克停止石油出口,油价又一次被抬升㊂强劲的经济增长势头,加上北半球冬季的到来,可能在短期内使油价涨得更高㊂然而,我们有充分的理由相信这次油价暴涨在经济上造成的后果不会像20世纪70年代那么严重㊂在多数国家,原油价格在汽油价格中所占比例比20世纪70年代要小㊂在欧洲,税收在汽油零售价中所占的比例可高达五分之四,因此即使原油价格大幅上涨,它对油品零售价格的影响也比过去要小㊂发达国家对石油的依赖性也不如从前,因此对油价的波动也不那么敏感了㊂能源储备㊁燃料替代和能源密集型的重工业的重要性的降低都减少了石油的消耗量㊂软件㊁咨询和移动通讯所用的石油要比汽车和钢铁生产少得多㊂发达国家的G D P中每一美元(以不变价格计算)所消耗的石油量比1973年要少近50%㊂国际经合组织在其最近一期的‘经济展望“中估计,如果石油价格在一年中平均为每桶22美元,与1998年的每桶13美元相比,仅使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加G D P的0.25%至0.5%㊂这将比1974或1980年收入上的1/4损失要小㊂另一方面,进口石油的新兴经济国家由于转向了重工业,消耗能量更大,因此将受到更严重的冲击㊂另外一个不应因油价上涨而失眠的原因是,这次不同于20世纪70年代,油价上涨并未在普遍商品价格上涨和全球需求过旺的背景之下发生㊂世界的一大部分地区刚刚才从经济衰退中解脱出来㊂‘经济学家“的商品价格指数与一年前相比基本未变㊂在1973年,商品价格上涨了70%,而1979年也上涨了近30%㊂T e x t4最高法院关于医生协助病人自杀问题的判决对于医学如何寻求减轻垂危病人的痛苦有着重要的意义㊂虽然法院在判决中认为,宪法没有赋予医生协助病人自杀的权利,然而它实际上认可了医疗界的 双重效果 原则,这个古老的道德原则认为,这个存在了好几个世纪的道德原则认为,如果某种行为具有双重效果(希望达到的好效果和可以预见得到的坏效果),那么,只要行为实施的目的是想达到好的效果,这个行为就是可以被允许的㊂近年来医生一直利用这个原则,为他们使用大剂量吗啡来控制临死病人的痛苦提供正当理由,即使增加剂量最终会杀死这个病人㊂M o n t e f i o r e医疗中心主任N a n c y D u b l e r认为,这一原则将会保护这样一些医生, 他们直到现在都一直坚持认为,如果给病人足量的药物来止痛会加快他们的死亡,就不能那样做㊂ 波士顿大学卫生法律系主任G e o r g eA n n a s认为,只要医生开的药物是出于合法的医疗目的,他就没有做违法的事情,即使病人服用这些药物而加速死亡㊂ 这就好比外科手术, 他说道, 我们并不把这种死亡称作他杀㊂因为医生并未想要杀死他们的病人,虽然他们拿病人的生命冒险㊂如果你是医生,你可以冒病人自杀的风险,只要你没有想要他们自杀㊂ 在另一个层面上,很多医疗界人士承认,致使对医生协助性自杀的争论升温的部分原因是病人的绝望情绪,对他们来说,现代医学延长了临终前肉体的痛苦㊂在法院对医生协助性自杀做出判决前仅三周,国家科学院发布了一个两卷本的报告:‘走近死亡:完善临终护理“㊂报告中指出医院临终护理中存在的两个问题:对病痛处理不力和大胆使用 无效而强制性的医疗程序,这些程序可能会延长死亡期,甚至会让死亡过程很难堪 ㊂医疗行业正在采取措施,要求年轻医生到晚期病人医院接受训练,对各种大胆的镇痛疗法知识进行评估,为医院护理制定一个医疗保险付款条例,并且为评估和处理临终病痛建立新的标准㊂A n n a s说,律师可以在要求医疗界把这些善意的医疗行为变成更好的护理行动方面发挥关键的作用㊂ 不少医生对病人所遭受的毫无必要,可以预见的痛苦无动于衷 ,以至到了 故意虐待病人 的地步,他说, 行医资格理事会必须明确表明:病人痛苦地死亡,可以推定是由医生处理不力造成的,应该因此吊销其行医执照 ㊂P a r t B几乎我们所有的问题都涉及到人类行为,这些问题仅靠物理学和生物技术是不能解决的㊂我们需要的是一门行为技术,但是发展行为技术需要科学为基础,在这方面,我们一直滞后㊂(61)难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态㊁情感㊁性格特征㊁人性等方面去寻找行为的根源㊂物理学和生物学一度使用类似的方法,而且当它们放弃这些方法后才得以向前发展㊂(62)行为科学之所以发展缓慢,部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的,部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到㊂环境固然重要,但其作用至今仍不明显㊂环境的作用并不是促进或拉动,而是进行选择,这种作用发现和分析起来都很困难㊂(63)自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明,而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究㊂然而,随着有机体和环境之间的相互作用逐渐为人们所了解,一度被认为是由思维㊁感情㊁性格产生的影响现在被追溯到人们可以理解的环境上去了,因而,建立行为技术也就成为了可能㊂然而,除非行为技术取代科学出现之前形成的传统观念,否则它无法解决我们的问题,而这些传统观念已经根深蒂固㊂自由和尊严就能说明困难程度㊂(64)它们是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的,是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提㊂科学分析把责任和成就转向了环境㊂这也引发了关于 价值 的问题㊂谁来使用这一技术,又要达到何种目的?(65)(如果)这些问题得不到解决,研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥,解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥㊂。
2002考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译
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2002 Text 1Paragraph 11、If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. 如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你就必须知道如何识别共同的经历和共同的问题。
1.1 identify英/aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/ 美/aɪ'dɛntɪfaɪ/vt. 确定;鉴定;识别,辨认出;使参与;把…看成一样vi. 确定;认同;一致2、Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. 你的幽默必须与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的情况,同情他们的观点。
2.1 sympathy英/'sɪmpəθɪ/ 美/'sɪmpəθi/n. 同情;慰问;赞同3、Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. 根据与你谈话的不同对象,问题也有所不同。
4.2 secretary英/ˈsekrətrɪ/ 美/'sɛkrətɛrɪ/n. 秘书;书记;部长;大臣4、If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. 如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法紊乱;相反,如果你在和一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法紊乱。
2002年考研英语一text1
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2002年考研英语一text1【最新版】目录1.考研英语一 2002 年 Text1 的主要内容2.文章的结构和思路3.文章中的长难句及语法考点4.对考生的启示和建议正文2002 年考研英语一 Text1 是一篇关于如何在谈话中运用幽默的文章。
文章首先强调了在使用幽默时,必须要与听众有共同的经历和问题,才能使幽默产生效果。
接着,文章通过分析一些长难句,讲解了如何识别和解决这些问题。
最后,文章提出了一些建议,帮助考生更好地应对类似的题目。
文章的结构非常清晰,分为三个部分。
第一部分讲述了幽默在谈话中的作用,以及如何运用幽默。
第二部分分析了文章中的一些长难句,并介绍了相应的语法考点。
第三部分提出了一些建议,帮助考生在考试中取得好成绩。
在文章中,作者使用了一些长难句来阐述观点。
例如,“如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你必须知道如何识别共享的经历和问题。
”这句话中,作者使用了“如果你想……你必须……”的结构,强调了识别共享经历和问题的重要性。
另一个例子是,“你的幽默必须与听众有关,并且应该帮助展示你是他们中的一员。
”这句话中,作者使用了“必须与听众有关”和“应该帮助展示你是他们中的一员”的结构,强调了幽默要与听众建立联系的重要性。
这篇文章对考生的启示和建议是,在考试中遇到长难句时,要仔细分析句子结构,理解作者的观点。
同时,要学会在谈话中运用幽默,使自己的谈话更加生动有趣。
这需要考生在平时多加练习,提高自己的英语水平和思维能力。
总之,2002 年考研英语一 Text1 是一篇富有启发性的文章,通过分析长难句和讲解语法考点,帮助考生提高自己的英语水平和思维能力。
2002年考研英语阅读理解及解析
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2002年 Text 1If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.如果你想在谈话中用幽默来使人发笑,你就必须知道如何发现与听众享有的共同经历和共同问题。
你的幽默一定要与听众有关,能够向他们显示你是他们的一员,或者你了解他们的情况且赞同他们的观点。
根据与你谈话对象的不同,问题也应有所不同。
如果你在和一群经理谈话,你就可以评论他们秘书的工作方法杂乱无章;相反,如果你在和一群秘书谈话,你就可以评论她们老板的工作方法如何杂乱。
Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story, which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?” the new arrival asked St. Peter. “Oh, that’s God,” came the reply, “but sometimes he thinks he’s a doctor.”下面举一个例子,是我在一个护士大会上听到的故事。
2002年考研英语text1
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2002年考研英语text1
摘要:
I.引言
- 介绍2002 年考研英语text1
II.考研英语text1 概述
- 文章的主题和结构
- 文章的写作目的和读者对象
III.文章的主要内容
- 第一段:描述考研英语的考试形式和重要性
- 第二段:解释为什么考研英语对大学生的就业和职业发展很重要
- 第三段:提出解决考研英语教育问题的方案
- 第四段:总结考研英语教育的重要性,鼓励大学生努力学习
IV.文章的写作风格和技巧
- 语言简练、通俗易懂
- 举例说明,使文章更具有说服力
- 采用对比和排比等修辞手法,增强文章的表现力
正文:
2002 年考研英语text1 是一篇关于考研英语教育的文章。
文章首先介绍了考研英语的考试形式和重要性,引出话题。
接着,文章解释了为什么考研英语对大学生的就业和职业发展很重要,说明考研英语的重要性。
然后,文章提出了解决考研英语教育问题的方案,为大学生提供了学习考研英语的有效途
径。
最后,文章总结了考研英语教育的重要性,并鼓励大学生努力学习,提高自己的考研英语水平。
文章的语言简练、通俗易懂,使读者容易理解文章的内容。
作者通过举例说明,使文章更具有说服力。
同时,作者采用对比和排比等修辞手法,增强文章的表现力,让读者更加深刻地理解考研英语的重要性。
考研英语 2002 TEXT 1(可打印word版)
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2002 TEXT 1①If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.②If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.③Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in awhite coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."④If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.⑤If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff(即兴的)remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving lookmay help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.⑥Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.1:To make your humor work, you should ________.A.take advantage of different kinds of audienceB.make fun of the disorganized people.C.address different problems to different people.D.show sympathy for your listeners.2: The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.A.impolite to new arrivals.B.very conscious of their godlike role.C.entitled to some privileges.D.very busy even during lunch hours.3: It can be inferred from the text that public services ________.A.have benefited many people.B.are the focus of public attention.C.are an inappropriate subject for humor.D.have often been the laughing stock.4:To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.A.in well-worded language.B.as awkwardly as possible.C.in exaggerated statement.D.as casually as possible.5: The best title for the text may be ________.A.Use Humor Effectively.B.Various Kinds of Humor.C.Add Humor to Speech.D.Different Humor Strategies.。
2002年考研阅读第一篇解析
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2002年考研阅读第一篇解析(原创实用版)目录一、2002 年考研英语阅读理解真题概述二、阅读理解试题解析1.例题:2002 年第 2 篇全真考研题2.2002 年第一篇重点单词汇总 + 翻译3.2002 年考研英语阅读真题及解析第二篇4.2002 年考研英语二完形第一段精读5.2002 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析正文一、2002 年考研英语阅读理解真题概述2002 年考研英语阅读理解真题主要考查考生理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断等能力。
考生应根据短文内容,从每题的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。
阅读理解题目旨在考查考生获取准确信息的能力,包括理解文章的主旨、细节、推断等内容。
二、阅读理解试题解析1.例题:2002 年第 2 篇全真考研题题目:Since, the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain.解析:本题要求考生理解文章的主旨,通过阅读短文内容,判断人类创造力的发展带来了什么样的影响。
文章中提到了人们创造出了越来越狡猾的工具来应对危险、无聊、繁重或者普通的工作,这说明人类创造力的发展使得人们能够更好地应对各种工作。
2.2002 年第一篇重点单词汇总 + 翻译题目:if you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them.解析:本题要求考生理解段落主旨,并掌握段落中的重要单词。
2002年考研英语阅读真题
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2002 T ext 1If you intend u sing h um or i n your talk to m ake people sm ile,you m ust know how to identi fy shared experi ences and proble m s. Your humorm ust be releva nt to the audien ce and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you unders tandtheirsituat ion and are in sympat hy with theirpointof view. Depend ing on whom you are addres sing, the proble ms will be differ ent. If you are talkin g to a groupof manage rs, you m ay referto the disorg anize d method s of theirn t on theirdisorg anize d bosses.secret aries; altern ative ly if you are addres singsecret aries, you may want to commeHere is an exam pl e, which I heard at a nurses'conven tion, of a storywhichworkswell becaus e the audien ce allr s. A man arrive s in heaven and is beingshownaround by St. Peter. He sees wonder ful shared the same view of doctoaccomm odati ons, beauti ful garden s, sunnyweathe r, and so on.Everyo ne is very peacef ul, polite and friend ly until, waitin gin a line for lunch, the new arriva l is sudden ly pushed asideby a man in a whitecoat, who rushes to the head of the line,by himsel f. "Wh o is that?" the new arriva l askedSt. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came grabshis food and stomps over to a tablethe reply, "but someti mes he thinks he's a doctor."If you are part of the group which y ou are addr essing,you will be in a positi on to know the experi ences and proble msn g remark aboutthe inedib le cantee n food whichare common to all of you and it'll be approp riate for you to make a passias they willor the chairm an's notori ous bad tastein ties. With otheraudien ces you mustn't attemp t to cut in with humorresent an ou tsid er making dispar aging remark s abouttheircantee n or theirchairm an. You will be on saferground if youe or the teleph one system.stickto scapeg oatslike the Post OfficIf you feel awkwar d b eing h um oro u s, you m ust practic e so th at it become s more natura l. Includ e a few casual and appare ntlyoff-t he-cu ff remark s whichyou can delive r in a relaxe d and unforc ed manner. Oftenit's the delive ry whichi eving look may help to show causes the audien ce to smile,so speakslowly and rememb er that a raised eyebro w or an unbelg a light-hearte d remark.that you are makinLook for the hum or.It often c om es from the unexpec ted.A twist on a famili ar quote"If at firstyou don't succee d, give up" or a play on wordsor on a situat ion. Search for exagge ratio n and unders tatem ents. Look at your talk and pick outand inject with humor.a few wordsor senten ces whichyou can turn aboutwork, you should ________.41. To make your humor[A] take advant ag e of differ ent kindsof audien ce[B] m ake fun of the disorg anize d p eople[C] addres s differ ent proble m s to differ ent people[D] show sym pat hy for your listen ers42. The joke aboutdoctor s implie s that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ________.[A] im poli t e to new arrival s[B] very consci o u s of their godlik e role[C] entitl e d to som e privil eges[D] very busy even during lunchhours43. It can be inferr ed from the text that public servic es ________.e[A] have benefi ted many peopl[B] are the focus of public att ent i o n[C] are an inappr opria te subjec t for humori ng stock[D] have often been the laugh44. To achiev e the desire d result, humoro us storie s should be delive red ________.[A] in well-worded lan guag e[B] as awkwar d ly as possib l e[C] in exagger at ed stat em ent s[D] as casually as possib l e________.45. The best titlefor the text may be[A] Use Hum orE ffect ively[B] Variou s Kinds of Hum or[C] Add Hum or t o Speech[D] Differ ent Hum or S trate g ies重点词汇:identi fy (辨别;视为同一)即ident+ify,ident词根“同一”,-ify动词后缀“使……”;identi f icat i o n(识别;身份证明)←identi f y去y加-icatio n名词后缀;i d enti c al(同一的)←ident+ic al形容词后缀。
2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语阅读理解_2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案
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2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语阅读理解_2002年全国硕士研究生考试英语试卷及答案考生注意事项?1.考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则,得到监考人员指令后方可开始答题。
?2.答题前,考生应将答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考试语种”、“考生编号”等信息填写清楚,并与准考证上的一致。
?3.全国硕士研究生入学考试英语分为试题(一)、试题(二)。
?4.本试题为试题(一),共4页(1~4页)。
考生必须在规定的时间内作答。
?5.试题(一)为听力部分。
该部分共有A、B、C三节,所有答案都应填写或填涂在答题卡1上。
A、B两节必须用蓝(黑)圆珠笔答题,注意字迹清楚。
C节必须用2B铅笔按照答题卡上的要求填涂,如要改动,必须用橡皮擦干净。
?6.听力考试进行时,考生应先将答案写或标记在试题上,然后在听力部分结束前专门留出的5分钟内,将答案整洁地誊写或转涂到答题卡1上。
仅写或标记在试题上不给分。
Section I Listening prehension?Directions:This Section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English. You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that acPAny them. There are three parts in this section, Part A, Part B and Part C.?Remember, while you are doing the test, you should first put down your answers in your test booklet. At the end of the listening prehension section, you will have 5 minutes to transfer all your answers from your test booklet to ANSWER SHEET 1.Now look at Part A in your test booklet.?Part A?Directions:For Questions 1-5, you will hear an introduction about the life of Margaret Welch. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you#39;ve heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word or number in each numbered box. Youwill hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below. (5 points)?Welch#39;s Personal InformationPlace of Birth PhiladelphiaYear of Birth 1901Transfer to Barnard University (Year) 1920Major at University 1Final Degree PhDYear of Marriage 1928Growing Up In New Guinea Published (Year) 2Field Study in the South Pacific (Age) 3Main Interest 4Professorship at Columbia Started (Year) 5Death (Age) 77Part BDirections:For questions 6-10, you will hear a talk by a well-known U.S. journalist. While you listen, plete the sentences or answer the questions. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and questions below. (5 points)?_____________________________________________________ _______________________Besides reporters, who else were ced out for days outside the speaker#39;s home? 6One reporter got to the speaker#39;s apartment pretending to pay 7The speaker believed the reporter wanted a picture of her looking 8Where is a correction to a false story usually placed? 9According to the speaker, the press will lost readers unless the editors and the news directors 10Part CDirections:You will hear three pieces of recorded material. Before listening to each one, you will have time to read the questions related to it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, youwill have time to check your answers. You will hear each piece once only. (10 points)??Questions 11 - 13 are based on a report aboutchildren#39;s healthy development. You now have 15seconds to read Questions 11 - 13.??11. What unusual question may doctors ask when giving kids a checkup next time?[A] How much exercise they get every day.?[B] What they are most worried about.?[C] How long their parents acPAny them daily.?[D] What entertainment they are interested in.?12. The academy suggests that children under agetwo .?[A] get enough entertainment.?[B] have more activities.?[C] receive early education.?[D] have regular checkups.??13. According to the report, children#39;s bedrooms should .?[A] be no place for play.?[B] be near a mon area.?[C] have no TV sets.?[D] have a puter for study.??Questions 14 - 16 are based on the following talk about how to save money. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14 - 16.??14. According to the speaker, what should one pay special attention to if he wants to save up??[A] Family debts. ? [B] Bank savings.?[C] Monthly bills. ? [D] Spending habits.15. How much can a person save by retirement if he gives up his pack-a-day habit??[A] $190,000.? [B] $330,000.? [C] $500,000. ? [D] $1,000,000.??16. What should one do before paying monthly bills, if he wants to accumulate wealth??[A] Invest into a mutual fund.?[B] Use the discount tickets.?[C] Quit his eating-out habit.?[D] Use only paper bills and save coins.??Questions 17-20 are based on an interview with Herbert A. Glieberman, a domestic-relations lawyer. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 - 20.??17. Which word best describes the lawyer#39;s prediction of the change in divorce rate??[A] Fall.? [B] Rise. ? [C] V-shape.18. What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage??[A] To embrace changes of thought.?[B] To adapt to the disintegrated family life.?[C] To return to the practice in the #39;60s and#39;70s.?[D] To create stability in their lives.??19. Why did some people choose not to divorce 20 years ago??[A] They feared the plicated procedures.?[B] They wanted to go against the trend.?[C] They were afraid of losing face.?[D] they were willing to stay together.??20. Years ago a divorced man in a PAny would have .?[A] been shifted around the country.?[B] had difficulty being promoted.?[C] enjoyed a happier life.?[D] tasted little bitterness of disgrace.??Section II Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)??parisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened ( 21 ) . As was discussed before, it was not ( 22 ) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic ( 23 ) , following in the wake of the phlet and the book and in the ( 24 ) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the munications revolution ( 25 ) up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading ( 26 ) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures( 27 ) the 20th-century world of the motor car and theair plane. Not everyone sees that process in ( 28 ) . It is important to do so.?It is generally recognized, ( 29 ) , that the introduction of the puter in the early 20th century,( 30 ) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, ( 31 ) its impact on the media was not immediately ( 32 ) . As time went by, puters became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal" too, as well as ( 33 ) , wi th display being sharper and storage ( 34 ) increasing. Theywere thought of, like people, ( 35 ) generations, withthe distance between generations much ( 36 ).?It was within the puter age that the term“information society" began to be widely used todescribe the ( 37 ) within which we now live. The munications revolution has ( 38 ) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been ( 39 ) view about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits"have been weighed ( 40 ) “harmful" outes. And generalizations have proved difficult.??21. [A] between [B] before [C] since [D]later22. [A] after [B] by [C] during [D] until23. [A] means [B] method [C] medium [D]measure24. [A] process [B] pany [C] light [D] form25. [A] gathered [B] speeded [C] worked [D]picked26. [A] on [B] out [C] over [D] off27. [A] of [B] for [C] beyond [D] into28. [A] concept [B] dimension [C] effect [D]perspective29. [A] indeed [B] hence [C] however [D]therefore30. [A] brought [B] followed [C] stimulated [D] characterized31. [A] unless [B] since [C] lest [D]although32. [A] apparent [B] desirable [C] negative [D] plausible33. [A] institution [B] universal [C]fundamental [D] instrumental34. [A] ability [B] capability [C] capacity [D] faculty35. [A] by means of [B] in terms of [C] with regard to[D] in line with36. [A] deeper [B] fewer [C] nearer [D]smaller37. [A] context [B] range [C] scope [D]territory38. [A] regarded [B] impressed [C] influenced [D] effected39. [A] petitive [B] controversial [C]distracting [D] irrational40. [A] above [B] upon [C] against [D] withSection III Reading prehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)?Text 1?If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in syMPAthy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to ment on their disorganized bosses.?Here is an exle, which I heard at a nurses#39; convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A manarrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful acmodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful,polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the newarrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. “Who is that?" thenew arrival asked St. Peter. “On, that#39;s God," camethe reply, “but sometimes he thinks h e#39;s a doctor."?If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are mon to all of you and it#39;ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman#39;s notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn#39;tattempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteenor their chairman. You will be on safer ground if youstick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.?If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it bees more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver ina relaxed and unforced manner. Often it#39;s the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often es from the unexpected.A t wist on a familiar e “If at first you don#39;t succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor. (447 words)??41. To make your humor work, you should . ?[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience.?[B] make fun of the disorganized people.?[C] address different problems to different people.?[D] show syMPAthy for your listeners.??42. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyesof nurses, they are .?[A] impolite to new arrivals.?[B] very conscious of their godlike role.?[C] entitled to some privileges.?[D] very busy even during lunch hours.?43. It can be inferred from the text that public services .?[A] have benefited many people.?[B] are the focus of public attention.?[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor.?[D] have often been the laughing stock.??44. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered .?[A] in well-worded language.?[B] as awkwardly as possible.?[C] in exaggerated statements.?[D] as casually as possible.??45. The best title for the text may be .?[A] Use Humor Effectively.?[B] Various Kinds of Humor.?[C] Add Humor to Speech.?[D] Different Humor Strategies.?Text 2?Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. That pulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to e close.?As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bonesurgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.?But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with lesshuman supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves—goals that pose a real challenge. “While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of arobotics program at NASA, “we can#39;t yet give a robot enough #39;mon sense#39; to reliably interact with a dynamic world."?Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2021, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.?What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain#39;sroughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented—and human perception far more plicated—than previously imagined. They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing onthe monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. The most advanced puter systems on Earth can#39;t approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don#39;t know quitehow we do it. ??46. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in .?[A] the use of machines to produce science fiction.?[B] the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry.?[C] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work.?[D] the elite#39;s cunning tackling of dangerousand boring work.?47. The word “gizmos" (line 1, paragraph 2) most probably means .[A] programs.? [B] experts.? [C] devices. ? [D] creatures.??48. According to the text, what is beyond man#39;s ability now is to design a robot that can .?[A] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery.?[B] interact with human beings verbally.?[C] have a little mon sense.?[D] respond independently to a changing world.??49. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also .?[A] make a few decisions for themselves.?[B] deal with some errors with human intervention.?[C] improve factory environments.?[D] cultivate human creativity.??50. The author uses the exle of a monkey to arguethat robots are .[A] expected to copy human brain in internal structure.?[B] able to perceive abnormalities immediately.?[C] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information.?[D] best used in a controlled environment.?Text 3?Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock,when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time??The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term.?Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past.?Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 abarrel for a full year, PAred with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the ine loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have bee more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed.?One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise inoil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general modity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist#39;s modity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 modity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%. ??51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is .?[A] global inflation.? [B] reduction in supply.?[C] fast growth in economy.? [D] Iraq#39;s suspension of exports.?52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if .?[A] price of crude rises.? [B] modity prices rise.[C] consumption rises. ? [D] oil taxes rise.?53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that inrich countries .[A] heavy industry bees more energy-intensive.?[B] ine loss mainly results from fluctuating crudeoil prices.?[C] manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.?[D] oil price changes have no significant iMPAct on GDP.??54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that .?[A] oil-price shocks are less shocking now.?[B] inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.?[C] energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.?[D] the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.??55. From the text we can see that the writer seems .?[A] optimistic. ? [B] sensitive.? [C] gloomy. ? [D] scared.?Text 4?The Supreme Court#39;s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.?Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect," a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.?Doctors have used that principle in recent years to justify using high doses of morphine to controlterminally ill patients#39; pain, even though increasing dosages will eventually kill the patient.?Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death."?George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the drug to hasten death. “It#39;s like surgery," he says. “We don#39;t call those deaths homicides because the doctors didn#39;t intend to kill their patients, although they risked their death. If you#39;re a physician, you can risk your patient#39;s suicide as long as you don#39;t intend their suicide."?On another level, many in the medical munity acknowledge that the assisted-suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.?Just three weeks before the Court#39;s ruling on physician-assisted suicide, the National Academy of Science (NAS) released a two-volume report, ApproachingDeath: Improving Care at the End of Life. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying" as the twin problems of end-of-life care.?The profession is taking steps to require young doctors to train in hospices, to test knowledge of aggressive pain management therapies, to develop a Medicare billing code for hospital-based care, and to develop new standards for assessing and treating pain at the end of life.?Annas says lawyers can play a key role in insisting that these well-meaning medical initiatives translateinto better care. “Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering," to the extent that itconsti tutes “systematic patient abuse." He says medical licensing boards “must make it clear…that painful deaths are presumptively ones that are inpetently managed and should result in license suspension."56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that .?[A] doctors used to increase drug dosages tocontrol their patients#39; pain.[B] it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives.?[C] the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide.?[D] patients have no constitutional right to mit suicide.??57. Which of the following statements its true according to the text??[A] Doctors will be held guilty if they risk their patients#39; death.?[B] Modern medicine has assisted terminally ill patients in painless recovery.?[C] The Court ruled that high-dosage pain-relieving medication can be prescribed.?[D] A doctor#39;s medication is no longer justified by his intentions.58. According to the NAS#39;s report, one of the problems in end-of-life care is .?[A] prolonged medical procedures.?[B] inadequate treatment of pain.?[C] systematic drug abuse.?[D] insufficient hospital care.??59. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive" (line 3, paragraph 7)??[A] Bold. ? [B] Harmful. ? [C] Careless. ?[D]Desperate.??60. George Annas would probably agree that doctors should be punished if they .?[A] manage their patients inpetently.?[B] give patients more medicine than needed.?[C] reduce drug dosages for their patients.?[D] prolong the needless suffering of the patients.??Part BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)??Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the sciencefrom which such a technology might be drawn. 61) One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. 62) The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. 63) The role of naturalselection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. As the interaction between organis m and environment has e to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore bee available. Itwill not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty.64) They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. It also raises questions concerning “values." Who will usea technology and to what ends?65) Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with itpossibly the only way to solve our problems.Section IV Writing?66. Directions:Study the following picture carefully and write an essay entitled “Cultures —National and International".?In the essay you should?1) describe the picture and interpret its meaning, and?2) give your ment on the phenomenon.?You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)?/。
2002年考研阅读第一篇解析
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2002年考研阅读第一篇解析【实用版】目录一、引言二、文章概述1.阅读理解题型简介2.2002 年考研英语阅读理解题目分析三、解题技巧1.理解文章大意2.掌握具体信息3.猜测生词词义并进行推断四、真题解析1.2002 年第一篇全真考研题解析2.2002 年第二篇全真考研题解析五、总结正文一、引言在考研英语中,阅读理解题型一直以来都是考生们关注的重点。
因为这种题型不仅考查考生的英语语言能力,还考查考生的理解能力、推理能力以及逻辑思维能力。
因此,对于备考考研英语的考生来说,掌握阅读理解的解题技巧显得尤为重要。
本文将对 2002 年考研英语阅读理解题目进行分析,并提供一些解题技巧和真题解析,以帮助考生更好地应对这种题型。
二、文章概述1.阅读理解题型简介阅读理解题型主要考查考生理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断等能力。
考生应根据短文内容,从每题的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案,即:将 answer,sheet 中的相应选项涂黑。
阅读理解主要考查考生获取准确信息的能力,考查包括事实细节、推理判断、词汇理解、作者观点态度等方面的内容。
2.2002 年考研英语阅读理解题目分析2002 年考研英语阅读理解题目分为两篇,第一篇主要讲述了人类独创力以及人们为了应对危险、无聊和繁重的工作而发明的各种工具。
第二篇则介绍了计算机的发展对通信革命及人们的生存方式产生的影响。
题目类型包括事实细节题、推理判断题、词汇理解题和作者观点态度题等。
三、解题技巧1.理解文章大意在解答阅读理解题目时,首先要通读全文,理解文章的大意。
这样可以帮助考生在接下来的题目中更快地找到关键信息。
在阅读过程中,可以关注文章的主题句、段落开头和结尾等,以把握文章的主要内容。
2.掌握具体信息在理解文章大意的基础上,考生需要仔细阅读题目,并根据题目要求在文章中找到相应的具体信息。
这时,考生需要留意题目中的关键词,并在文章中进行定位,从而找到正确答案。
2002年考研阅读第一篇解析
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2002年考研阅读第一篇解析
摘要:
1.理解文本内容
2.分析文本结构
3.提取关键信息
4.编写
正文:
一、理解文本内容
本文是一篇关于2002年考研阅读第一篇解析的文章。
文章通过分析原文,旨在帮助考生更好地理解和掌握这篇阅读理解题的要点。
二、分析文本结构
1.原文结构:本文分为四个部分,分别是引言、主题部分、解析部分和结论部分。
2.解析结构:本文分为五个部分,分别是词汇解析、句子解析、段落解析、主题思想和解题技巧。
三、提取关键信息
1.词汇解析:分析了原文中的重点词汇,如accommodate、prejudice 等。
2.句子解析:解析了原文中的复杂句子结构,帮助考生理解句子含义。
3.段落解析:分析了原文段的逻辑关系,帮助考生更好地把握文章脉络。
4.主题思想:概括了文章的主题思想,即探讨了某一个问题或现象。
5.解题技巧:分析了考研阅读题的解题技巧,如寻找关键词、判断题干等。
四、编写提纲
1.引言:介绍2002年考研阅读第一篇解析的背景和重要性。
2.原文解析:分析原文结构,包括词汇、句子、段落等方面。
3.主题思想:概括文章的主题思想,帮助考生理解文章内涵。
4.解题技巧:讲解考研阅读题的解题技巧,提高考生答题能力。
5.结论:总结全文,强调掌握解题技巧和理解文章的重要性。
2002年考研英语第一篇阅读
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2002年考研英语第一篇阅读
摘要:
I.引言
- 考研英语阅读理解第一篇的重要性
- 阅读理解第一篇的难度和挑战
II.2002 年考研英语第一篇阅读的概述
- 文章主题:如何使用幽默来沟通
- 文章结构:引言、
正文:
考研英语阅读理解第一篇通常都是难度较高、挑战较大的文章。
这类文章的主题和内容往往涉及到一些深入的思维和复杂的语言表达,因此需要考生具备较高的语言水平和思维能力。
在2002 年的考研英语中,第一篇阅读理解以“如何使用幽默来沟通”为主题,通过对幽默在沟通中的作用、使用幽默的技巧和注意事项以及幽默对人类社会的积极影响等方面的探讨,为考生提供了一个深入思考幽默沟通的机会。
文章首先通过引言部分阐述了幽默在沟通中的重要性。
作者指出,幽默可以缓解紧张气氛、拉近人与人之间的距离,并有助于更好地传达信息和观点。
在接下来的正文部分,文章从三个方面详细介绍了如何使用幽默来沟通:一是通过幽默表达自己的观点和看法;二是通过幽默回应他人的观点和看法;三是通过幽默化解矛盾和冲突。
在这部分内容中,作者通过丰富的例子和详细的解释,让考生了解到使用幽默的技巧和注意事项。
在文章的结论部分,作者对幽默在人类社会中的积极影响进行了总结。
他指出,幽默可以促进人类的创新思维、提高生活质量,并有助于构建和谐的社会环境。
这一观点进一步启示考生,幽默沟通不仅是一种有效的沟通技巧,更是一种积极的生活态度和价值观。
通过对2002 年考研英语第一篇阅读的理解,考生不仅可以提高自己的语言水平,还可以从中获得更多关于幽默沟通的启示。
2002年考研英语一参考译文
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2002年的考研英语一试题,是许多考生心中难以忘怀的一段经历。
那一年的试题,不仅考察了我们的英语知识,更考验了我们的逻辑思维和解决问题的能力。
首先,阅读理解部分,文章选材广泛,涉及社会、科技、文化等多个领域。
其中,有一篇关于网络的文章,让我印象深刻。
文章通过讲述网络的发展,揭示了网络对人们生活的影响,同时也提出了网络可能带来的问题。
这让我认识到,作为新时代的我们,既要充分利用网络的优势,也要警惕其可能带来的问题。
其次,完形填空部分,文章讲述了一个关于友谊的故事。
通过这个故事,我深刻理解了友谊的真谛:真正的朋友,是在你困难时给予你帮助,而不是在你成功时与你分享喜悦。
最后,翻译部分,虽然难度较大,但是通过反复练习,我还是取得了不错的成绩。
这让我明白,只有通过不断的努力和实践,才能真正提高自己的能力。
总的来说,2002年的考研英语一试题,不仅提高了我的英语水平,更让我收获了许多人生的启示。
我相信,这些经历和感悟,将会成为我未来人生道路上的宝贵财富。
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唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第1句If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems.词汇:intend//v.打算,意欲,想要identify //v.辨认,认出,识别结构:If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, (if条件状语从句)//you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems(主句).译文:如果想谈话幽默风趣,你必须要知道如何去弄清楚彼此共同的经历、共同的问题。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第2句Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.词汇:relevant //adj. 有关的,切题的sympathy //n. 同情,同情心;支持,赞同in sympathy with sb. orsth. //对某人某事表示支持或者赞同结构:Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them (主句,中间and并列了两个谓语动词)//that you are one of them (that宾语从句)//or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view(or并列的第二个that宾语从句,其中and并列了两个谓语动词).译文:你的幽默必须要贴近听众,要有助于向他们表明:你是他们中的一员,你了解他们的处境,支持他们的观点。
翻译思路:省略连词并列句的连词,尤其是and和or这两个词,一般可以不翻译;除非这个连词在句子中有明显的递进转折等关系。
本句话中的几个连词大家看看,红色突出的连词都没有翻译,汉语用逗号处理了。
Your humor must be relevant to the audience 你的幽默必须要贴近听众,and should help to show them要有助于向他们表明:that you are one of them你是他们中的一员,or that you understand their situation你了解他们的处境,and are in sympathy with their point of view支持他们的观点。
省略以后,翻译起来译文会更简洁!唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第3句和第4句Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.词汇:address //v. 写上地址;发表演说;处理refer to // 提及,谈到;适用于;指的是disorganized //adj. 组织不善的,计划不周的alternatively //adv. 作为选择;或者结构:Depending on whom you are addressing, (depending分词短语做状语,中间有whom宾语从句)//the problems will be different(主干部分). If you are talking to a group of managers, (第一个并列句的if条件状语从句)//you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries(第一个并列句的主句); //alternatively if you are addressing secretaries(分号隔开的第二个并列句的if条件状语从句), //you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses(第二个并列句的主句).译文:谈话对象的不同,谈论的问题也应有所不同。
如果和一群经理讲话,你就可以聊聊他们的秘书把工作弄得杂乱无章;相反,如果和一群秘书谈话,你就可以说说他们的老板把事情组织得乱七八糟。
翻译思路:代词的省略英语多用代词,汉语不一定。
一个最经典的例子是I put my hand into my pocket.习惯翻译为“我把手放进口袋”,而不是“我把我的手放进我的口袋”。
不能说后者错,但是后者实在是太“恶心”的翻译。
还有,英语习惯说:the way to solve our problems,汉语就翻译为“解决问题的方法”即可,不用说“解决我们问题的方法”。
本质在于,汉语是“意合”的语言,谈话双方都知道是在说谁,不要说那么清楚。
那,大家回头体会一下,本句话,哪些代词可以省略不翻译?唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第5句Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses’ convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors.结构:Here is an example, (主句)//which I heard at a nurses’ convention(which定语从句)//, of a story which works well (of a story修饰前面的example,其中还有一个which定语从句)//because the audience all shared the same view of doctors (because状语从句).译文:下面举个例子,是我在护士大会上听到的。
这个故事幽默效果就很好,因为所有听众对医生都有同样的看法。
翻译思路:“小词”难译看看下面两个译文:译文一:这有一个例子,我在护士会议中听到的,由于医生和护士之间分享相同的观点,使得工作进展的很顺利。
译文二:举个例子,我在一次护士会议中听到一个故事,它当时的现场反应特别好,因为在座的听众对医生都持有相同看法。
分析:很明显,译文一对work这个词没有真正的理解,凭空乱想;再加上对share这个词的理解,就把整个句子翻译完全走样了。
这里的work不是“工作”,而是“起作用,发挥作用,达到效果”等意思。
它承接上文,说的“谈论对象不同,谈论话也应该不同”,而这里“谈话对象是护士,护士对医生都有一样的看法”,所以这个story works well,“幽默效果不错”。
另外,share the same view of sb.是“对某人有相同的看法”。
work是个小词,如果大家稍微留心一下就会发现,词典上越小的词,释义越多,理解起来越麻烦,翻译起来越不容易。
解决的唯一办法,利用英语文章的上下文,先理解,再准确表达。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第6句和第7句A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on.词汇:accommodation //n. 房间,住所;住宿,膳宿;和解译文:有一个人到了天堂,圣彼得带着他参观。
他看到了豪华的住宅、美丽的花园、晴朗的天气等等。
唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第1篇第8句Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself.词汇:rush //v. 急促移动,匆忙行事grab //v. 抢,抓,取stomp //v. 重踏着移动,行进结构:Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly (主句)//until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, (until时间状语从句,其中waiting…是状语)//who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself(who定语从句,其中rushes…,grabs…and stomps…三个并列谓语动词).译文:所有人都很安静、礼貌和友善;直到排队等候午餐时,这位新来的人突然被一白大褂推到一边。
只见这人冲到队伍前,抓起食物,噔噔噔旁若无人地走到一张餐桌旁。
翻译思路:“生动的故事”无论是英语还是汉语,讲故事都是一种非常吸引人的方式。
故事本身很生动,所以汉语译文也应该生动。
除非万不得已,翻译一般按照原文的行文语气,顺序,甚至停顿,都要尽可能模仿。
我们看看这个句子的英语原文和译文对比:Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly 主系表结构的主干,按照原顺序翻译;until, waiting in a line for lunch, “直到,排队等候午餐的时候”,还是按照原顺序叙述;the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, “这位新来的被一白大褂突然推到一边”,还是按照原顺序翻译,要表达那种突发的事件。