英文心理3 心理学测试题心理学期末考试题复习题

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心理学试题及答案10套

心理学试题及答案10套一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 心理学是研究什么的学科？A. 心理现象B. 心理活动C. 心理过程D. 心理现象及其规律2. 弗洛伊德是以下哪个心理学派的代表人物？A. 行为主义B. 认知心理学C. 精神分析学派D. 人本主义心理学3. 以下哪个不是心理学的主要研究方法？A. 实验法B. 观察法C. 调查法D. 演绎法4. 情绪智力（EQ）通常不包括以下哪一项？A. 自我意识B. 自我调节C. 社交技巧D. 逻辑推理5. 以下哪个理论不是发展心理学的研究范畴？A. 皮亚杰的认知发展理论B. 埃里克森的心理社会发展理论C. 马斯洛的需求层次理论D. 弗洛伊德的心理发展阶段理论6. 认知失调理论是由哪位心理学家提出的？A. 斯金纳B. 罗杰斯C. 费斯汀格D. 阿德勒7. 以下哪个不是心理测量的常用工具？A. 智力测验B. 人格测验C. 心理量表D. 物理实验8. 以下哪个不是积极心理学的核心价值观？A. 幸福B. 意义C. 能力D. 痛苦9. 以下哪个是弗洛伊德的防御机制？A. 认知重构B. 投射C. 压抑D. 行为强化10. 以下哪个不是社会心理学的研究主题？A. 群体行为B. 人际关系C. 个人意识D. 社会影响答案：1-5 D C D D C；6-10 C D C B C二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 以下哪些是心理学的主要分支？A. 生物心理学B. 发展心理学C. 社会心理学D. 教育心理学E. 神经科学2. 以下哪些因素会影响个体的心理健康？A. 遗传B. 环境C. 社会支持D. 个人经历E. 饮食3. 以下哪些是心理治疗的方法？A. 认知行为疗法B. 精神分析疗法C. 人本主义疗法D. 系统脱敏疗法E. 药物治疗4. 以下哪些是心理测量的类型？A. 智力测验B. 性格测验C. 能力测验D. 兴趣测验E. 态度测验5. 以下哪些是情绪智力的组成部分？A. 自我意识B. 自我调节C. 内在动机D. 社交技巧E. 同理心答案：1-5 ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE ABCDE三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述心理学的研究领域有哪些？2. 描述弗洛伊德的心理发展阶段理论。

心理学考试题及答案英文

心理学考试题及答案英文Psychology Exam Questions and Answers in EnglishQuestion 1: Define the term 'cognitive dissonance' andprovide an example.Answer: Cognitive dissonance is a psychological concept that refers to the mental discomfort experienced by a person who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time, or is confronted by new information that conflicts with existing beliefs, ideas, or values. For example, a person who strongly believes in the healthbenefits of a vegetarian diet but finds themselves craving meat may experience cognitive dissonance, leading them to either change their diet or justify their craving in a waythat aligns with their beliefs.Question 2: Explain the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.Answer: Intrinsic motivation refers to the internal drive to engage in an activity for the sake of the activity itself. It is motivated by personal satisfaction, interest, or enjoyment. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is the drive toengage in an activity due to external rewards or pressures. This could be money, recognition, or avoiding negative consequences.Question 3: Describe the stages of Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Answer: Piaget's theory of cognitive development is divided into four main stages:1. Sensorimotor Stage (birth to 2 years): Infants learn about the world through their senses and motor activities.2. Preoperational Stage (2 to 7 years): Children begin to use symbols and language but are still limited in their logical thinking abilities.3. Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 11 years): Children develop the ability to perform logical operations on concrete objects and events.4. Formal Operational Stage (11 years and up): Adolescents and adults can think logically about abstract concepts and hypothetical situations.Question 4: What is the role of the amygdala in emotional processing?Answer: The amygdala is a small, almond-shaped structure in the brain that plays a key role in the processing and expression of emotions, particularly those related to fearand anxiety. It is involved in the formation of emotional memories and is also implicated in the body's fight-or-flight response to perceived threats.Question 5: Explain the concept of 'operant conditioning' as described by B.F. Skinner.Answer: Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through reinforcement and punishment. According to B.F. Skinner, behavior is more likely to be repeated if it is followed by a positive reinforcement (reward) and less likely to be repeated if followed by a negative reinforcement (punishment). This process shapes behavior by increasing or decreasing the frequency of certain actions based on their consequences.Question 6: How does the 'Hawthorne effect' influenceresearch outcomes?Answer: The Hawthorne effect is a phenomenon whereindividuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. In research settings, this can lead to changes in the behavior of participants simply because they know they are being studied, which can skew the results and make it difficult to determine the true effectsof the variables being tested.Question 7: What is the 'self-serving bias' in social psychology?Answer: The self-serving bias is a cognitive bias where individuals attribute positive events to their own abilities and negative events to external factors. This bias serves to protect the individual's self-esteem and maintain a positive self-image.Question 8: Describe the 'serial position effect' in memory.Answer: The serial position effect refers to the tendency of people to remember the first items (primacy effect) and the last items (recency effect) in a list better than the items in the middle. This effect is often observed in free recall tasks and is thought to be due to the differential strength of memory traces for items in different positions.Question 9: What is 'flow' as described by Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi?Answer: Flow is a state of deep immersion in an activity where a person is so engaged that they lose track of time and are intrinsically motivated to continue the activity. It is characterized by a heightened focus, a sense of enjoyment,and the experience of being 'in the zone.'Question 10: Explain the concept of 'social loafing' in group dynamics.Answer: Social loafing is a phenomenon where individuals exert less effort when working collectively than when working individually. This occurs because individuals may feel less accountable for their contributions in a group setting, leading to a decrease in personal effort.End of ExamPlease note that this exam is designed to assess a basic understanding of key concepts in psychology. Further study and application are necessary for a comprehensive grasp of the subject.。

高三英语心理学常识单选题40题

高三英语心理学常识单选题40题1. What is the term for the study of the mind and behavior?A. PhysiologyB. PsychologyC. SociologyD. Anthropology答案：B。

选项A“Physiology”是生理学；选项B“Psychology”是心理学；选项C“Sociology”是社会学；选项D“Anthropology”是人类学。

题干问的是对心理和行为的研究的术语，所以是心理学。

2. Which of the following is an example of a cognitive process?A. SleepingB. EatingC. ThinkingD. Breathing答案：C。

选项A“Sleeping”是睡觉；选项B“Eating”是吃；选项C“Thinking”是思考；选项D“Breathing”是呼吸。

认知过程包括感知、注意、记忆、思维等，所以思考是认知过程的一个例子。

3. What does the term “consciousness” refer to?A. UnawarenessB. AwarenessC. SleepinessD. Tiredness答案：B。

选项A“Unawareness”是无意识；选项B“Awareness”是意识；选项C“Sleepiness”是困倦；选项D“Tiredness”是疲劳。

“consciousness”指的是意识。

4. Which psychological perspective emphasizes the role of unconscious processes?A. Behavioral perspectiveB. Cognitive perspectiveC. Psychodynamic perspectiveD. Humanistic perspective答案：C。

高三英语心理学常识完形填空题40题

高三英语心理学常识完形填空题40题1Psychology plays an important role in our daily lives. It helps us understand our emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Understanding psychology can also help us improve our relationships with others and manage stress.One of the key concepts in psychology is motivation. Motivation is what drives us to take action and achieve our goals. There are different types of motivation, such as intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation comes from within and is driven by personal interests and values. Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, comes from external factors such as rewards and punishments.Another important concept in psychology is personality. Personality refers to the unique set of characteristics and traits that make up an individual. There are different theories of personality, such as the Big Five personality traits and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.1. Motivation is what ___ us to take action.A. drivesB. stopsC. slows downD. distracts答案：A。

心理健康测试题及答案英语

心理健康测试题及答案英语Psychological Health Test Questions and Answers1. How would you define psychological health?Psychological health refers to the state of well-being in which a person is mentally, emotionally, and socially balanced. It involves having healthy coping mechanisms, positive self-esteem, resilience, and the ability to manage stress effectively.2. Why is psychological health important?Psychological health is important because it influences how we think, feel, and behave. It affects our overall well-being, relationships, and ability to cope with challenges. Having good psychological health allows us to live a fulfilling and meaningful life.3. What are some common signs of good psychological health?Some common signs of good psychological health include:- A positive outlook on life and a sense of purpose- Good self-esteem and self-confidence- The ability to manage stress effectively- Positive relationships and strong social support- Emotional resilience and the ability to bounce back from difficult situations- Healthy coping mechanisms and problem-solving skills4. What are some indicators of poor psychological health?Indicators of poor psychological health may include:- Persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, or hopelessness- Extreme mood swings or sudden changes in behavior- Difficulty concentrating or making decisions- Social withdrawal and isolation- Substance abuse or excessive alcohol consumption- Thoughts of self-harm or suicide- Sleep disturbances and appetite changes5. How can one improve psychological health?One can improve psychological health through various strategies, including:- Seeking professional help: Consulting a psychologist or therapist can provide valuable insights and guidance.- Building a support network: Surrounding oneself with positive and supportive people is essential for psychological well-being.- Practicing self-care: Engaging in activities that bring joy and relaxation, such as exercise, hobbies, and socializing, can improve mental health.- Managing stress: Developing healthy coping mechanisms, such as mindfulness, deep breathing exercises, and time management, can reduce stress levels.- Challenging negative thoughts: Identifying and challenging negative thought patterns can help improve overall mental well-being.- Seeking balance: Balancing work, personal life, and leisure activities is crucial for maintaining good psychological health.- Taking breaks: Allowing oneself to rest and recharge is important for preventing burnout and maintaining mental well-being.6. Can psychological health affect physical health?Yes, psychological health can significantly impact physical health. Poor psychological health has been linked to various physical health problems, including heart disease, weakened immune function, digestive issues, and chronic pain. Conversely, good psychological health promotes overall well-being and can contribute to better physical health outcomes.7. Are there any online psychological health assessments available?Yes, there are many online psychological health assessments available. These assessments typically involve a series of questions that help individuals gauge their current psychological well-being and identify areas for improvement. While online assessments can provide insight, it is important to remember that they are not a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment.8. Can you provide an example of a psychological health assessment question?Certainly! Here's an example of a psychological health assessment question:"Do you often feel overwhelmed or unable to cope with daily stressors?"Answer options:a) Rarely or neverb) Occasionallyc) Sometimesd) Frequentlye) AlwaysRemember, these assessments are designed to help individuals reflect on their mental well-being and should not be used as a definitive diagnosis.In conclusion, psychological health is vital for overall well-being and affects how we think, feel, and behave. By understanding the signs of good and poor psychological health, as well as implementing strategies to improve it, individuals can lead happier and more fulfilling lives. Online psychological health assessments can be a useful tool for self-reflection, but seeking professional help is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment in case of mental health concerns.。

英文性格测试题及答案

英文性格测试题及答案一、选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 你通常如何度过周末？A. 与朋友聚会B. 独自在家看书C. 参加户外活动D. 工作或学习2. 当你遇到问题时，你倾向于：A. 立即寻求帮助B. 独立解决C. 先尝试解决，再寻求帮助D. 忽略问题3. 你更喜欢哪种工作环境？A. 团队协作B. 独立工作C. 有挑战性的环境D. 稳定的环境4. 你如何描述自己的社交风格？A. 外向B. 内向C. 社交型D. 保守型5. 当你做决定时，你通常：A. 凭直觉B. 基于逻辑C. 考虑他人意见D. 犹豫不决二、填空题（每题1分，共5分）6. 当我感到压力时，我倾向于_________。

7. 我认为自己是一个_________的人。

8. 在团队中，我通常扮演_________角色。

9. 我更喜欢_________的工作方式。

10. 我处理冲突的方式通常是_________。

三、简答题（每题2分，共10分）11. 描述一下你处理失败的方式。

12. 你如何与不同性格的人相处？13. 你认为自己最大的优点是什么？14. 你如何看待团队合作？15. 描述一下你理想的工作环境。

四、论述题（每题5分，共15分）16. 论述你如何看待工作与生活平衡的重要性。

17. 描述一下你如何管理时间和压力。

18. 论述你如何面对工作中的挑战和变化。

答案：一、选择题1-5：答案根据个人情况选择二、填空题6. 答案根据个人情况填写7. 答案根据个人情况填写8. 答案根据个人情况填写9. 答案根据个人情况填写10. 答案根据个人情况填写三、简答题11. 答案根据个人情况回答12. 答案根据个人情况回答13. 答案根据个人情况回答14. 答案根据个人情况回答15. 答案根据个人情况回答四、论述题16. 答案根据个人情况论述17. 答案根据个人情况论述18. 答案根据个人情况论述。

心理学基础期末考试试题及答案

心理学基础期末考试试题及答案分为单项选择和判断题，每题均为2分，试卷满分为100分。

1.认识过程中核心的心理成分是（）A.感觉B.知觉C思维(正确答案)D想象2.在一瞬间能够清楚地注意到反映对象的数量，这是注意的（）A.范围(正确答案)B.分配C.稳定性D.转移3.感觉器官对适宜刺激的感觉能力就是（）A.接受性B.承受性C.享受性D.感受性(正确答案)4.人们在感知事物时，总是根据过去已经获得的有关知识经验来理解它，并用词语把它表示出来，给以名称，这种现象称为知觉的（）A.选择性B整体性(正确答案)C理解性D恒常性5.心理学把感觉、记忆、思维等心理现象称为:（）A.认知过程(正确答案)B.能力C.情感过程D.心理特征6.具有识记时较慢，但记住后就不易忘记特点的记忆是（）A.形象记忆B.情绪记忆C.运动记忆D.逻辑记忆(正确答案)7.感知过的事物不在面前时，在脑中重现出来的该事物的形象就是（）A.表象(正确答案)B记忆C反映D想象8.回忆的两种水平分为再认和（）A再现(正确答案)B重现C联想D创造9.能够深入到事物的本质去考虑问题是思维的（）A广阔性B灵活性C深刻性(正确答案)D敏捷性10.创造想象的形象的特点是首创性、独立性和（）A丰富性B情境性C复杂性D新颖性(正确答案)11.意志品质包括自觉性、果断性、自制性和（）A坚持性(正确答案)B社会性C概括性D主动性12.一个人如果学会了骑自行车，他就更容易学会骑摩托车，这种先前学习对后继学习的影响称为（）A顺向迁移(正确答案)B逆向迁移C水平迁移D垂直迁移13.自我意识的发展是（）形成与发展的重要条件A能力B性格C气质D个性(正确答案)14.儿童已经有了“水果”的概念，再来学习“荔枝”“西瓜”“桃”等概念，这种知识的学习是（）A上位学习B下位学习(正确答案)C并列结合学习D代表性学习15.希望在群体中占有一定的地位、享有一定声誉是（）A自尊感(正确答案)B自信感C成功感D失败感16.德国心理学家冯特建立第一个心理学实验室是在： ( ) [单选题]A . 1859年B . 1869年C . 1879年(正确答案)D . 1889年17.在发展的某些年龄时期，儿童心理常常发生紊乱，从而表现出各种否定和抗拒行为。

心理学英语测试题及答案

心理学英语测试题及答案一、选择题1. Which of the following is NOT a branch of psychology?a) Cognitive psychologyb) Social psychologyc) Clinical psychologyd) Biological psychology答案：d) Biological psychology2. According to Sigmund Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?a) Idb) Egoc) Superegod) None of the above答案：a) Id3. Which of the following is NOT a type of psychological disorder?a) Depressionb) Schizophreniac) Bipolar disorderd) Archimedes' syndrome答案：d) Archimedes' syndrome4. Which theorist is associated with the concept of self-actualization?a) B.F. Skinnerb) Carl Rogersc) Abraham Maslowd) Ivan Pavlov答案：c) Abraham Maslow5. What is the primary focus of industrial-organizational psychology?a) Treating mental disordersb) Studying individual behaviorc) Optimizing workplace productivityd) Analyzing dreams and unconscious desires答案：c) Optimizing workplace productivity二、填空题1. The __________ is responsible for processing sensory information.答案：brain2. __________ is a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward.答案：Dopamine3. __________ is a defense mechanism in which unacceptable impulses are pushed into the unconscious mind.答案：Repression4. The __________ perspective emphasizes the influence of genes and biological processes on behavior.答案：Biological5. The __________ is a part of the brain that is important for memory and learning.答案：hippocampus三、简答题1. What is the nature-nurture debate in psychology?答案：The nature-nurture debate in psychology is the argument about whether human behavior is determined by genetics (nature) or the environment (nurture). Some psychologists believe that behavior is primarily influenced by genetics, while others believe that environmental factors play a larger role. The debate seeks to understand the relative contributions of nature and nurture in shaping human behavior.2. Explain the concept of classical conditioning.答案：Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a response through repeated pairings withan unconditioned stimulus. The classic example is Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs, where a bell (neutral stimulus) was paired with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus). Over time, the dogs learned to associate the bell with the food and began to salivate (conditioned response) at the sound of the bell alone (conditioned stimulus).3. What is the difference between operationalization and measurement in psychological research?答案：Operationalization refers to the process of defining and specifying the variables or concepts being studied in a way that can be measured or observed. It involves turning abstract concepts into concrete, measurable variables or indicators. Measurement, on the other hand, refers to the actual process of assigning numerical values or categories to the operationalized variables in order to collect data. In psychological research, operationalization and measurement are crucial steps in designing studies and collecting meaningful data.四、问答题1. How does cognitive psychology contribute to our understanding of human behavior?答案：Cognitive psychology explores how people perceive, think, and solve problems. It focuses on mental processes such as attention, memory, language, and decision-making. By studying these cognitive processes, cognitive psychologists aim to understand how they influence human behavior. For example, cognitive psychology has provided insights into how people encode and retrieve information, make judgments and decisions, andprocess emotions. This knowledge can be applied to various fields, such as education, marketing, and therapy, to improve human performance and well-being.2. Describe the main elements of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs.答案：Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology that proposes that people are motivated by a hierarchy of needs, with basic physiological needs at the bottom and higher-level needs at the top. The main elements of Maslow's hierarchy include:- Physiological needs: These are basic survival needs, such as food, water, shelter, and sleep.- Safety needs: Once physiological needs are met, individuals seek security, stability, and protection from harm.- Belongingness and love needs: People have a need for social connections, love, and a sense of belonging in relationships and communities.- Esteem needs: This refers to the need for self-esteem, respect from others, and recognition of one's achievements.- Self-actualization: At the top of the hierarchy, self-actualization represents a need for personal growth, fulfillment, and reaching one's fullest potential.According to Maslow, individuals strive to meet these needs in a sequential order, with each level building upon the previous one.五、综合题1. Discuss the main ethical considerations in psychological research.答案：Ethical considerations are important in psychological research to protect the rights and well-being of participants. Some main ethical considerations include:- Informed consent: Researchers must inform participants about the nature and purpose of the study, any potential risks or benefits, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time.- Confidentiality: Researchers should ensure that participants' personal information and data remain confidential and are not disclosed without consent.- Deception: If deception is necessary for the study, researchers must debrief participants afterward and ensure that they do not experience any harm or negative consequences as a result of the deception.- Protection from harm: Researchers should minimize any physical or psychological harm to participants and take steps to ensure their well-being throughout the study.- Voluntary participation: Participation in research should be voluntary, and participants should not be coerced or manipulated into taking part.By following these ethical considerations, researchers can uphold the integrity and trustworthiness of psychological research.。

大学心理学期末考试试题附答案解析

大学《心理学》考试试题及答案解析班别_________ 姓名___________ 成绩_____________要求：1、本卷考试形式为闭卷，考试时间为两小时。

2、考生不得将装订成册的试卷拆散，不得将试卷或答题卡带出考场。

3、考生只允许在密封线以外答题，答在密封线以内的将不予评分。

4、考生答题时一律使用蓝色、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔（制图、制表等除外）。

5、考生禁止携带手机、耳麦等通讯器材。

否则，视为为作弊。

6、不可以使用普通计算器等计算工具。

一、填空题（共10小题，每题2分，共20分）1、脑的一部分。

位于大脑的后下方，颅后窝内，延髓和脑桥的______。

2、小脑表面有许多大致平行的浅沟，沟间为一个叶片。

表面的灰质为小脑皮层、深部为白质，也称髓质。

白质内有数对核团，称______。

3、小脑是运动的重要调节中枢，有大量的传入和传出联系。

大脑皮质发向肌肉的运动信息和执行运动时来自肌肉和关节等的信息，都可传入______。

4、小脑经常对这两种传来的神经冲动进行整合，并通过传出纤维调整和纠正各有关肌肉的运动，使随意运动保持协调。

此外，小脑在维持______上也起着重要作用。

5、原始的小脑出现在圆口类的七鳃鳗。

在大多数鱼类，小脑还不发达，体积小，表面光滑，它只是横跨在第四脑室上方的一小块凸起的______。

6、软骨鱼纲中的鲨鱼______较大，表面甚至出现沟裂。

两栖类，表面也缺乏沟回。

少数在海中洄游的龟类小脑的体积在整个脑中占有较大的比重。

7、爬行类的小脑内部开始出现神经核团，这标志着小脑联系增多。

______的小脑非常发达，在种系发生上显得突出。

8、它的小脑体积大，表面沟回紧凑，位于______的新小脑部分特别发达，接受来自脊髓的传入纤维和来自上位脑结构的投射纤系也更核亦随之发达。

9、小脑通过它与大脑、脑干和______之间丰富的传入和传出联系，参与躯体平衡和肌肉张力（肌紧张）得调节，以及随意运动的协调。

小脑就像一个大的调节器。

大学《心理学》期末复习考试试题附答案解析

大学《心理学》考试试题及答案解析班别_________ 姓名___________ 成绩_____________要求：1、本卷考试形式为闭卷，考试时间为两小时。

2、考生不得将装订成册的试卷拆散，不得将试卷或答题卡带出考场。

3、考生只允许在密封线以外答题，答在密封线以内的将不予评分。

4、考生答题时一律使用蓝色、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔（制图、制表等除外）。

5、考生禁止携带手机、耳麦等通讯器材。

否则，视为为作弊。

6、不可以使用普通计算器等计算工具。

一、填空题（共10小题，每题2分，共20分）1、情绪是对一系列主观认知经验的统称，是人对客观事物的态度体验以及相应的行为反应，一般认为，情绪是以个体愿望和需要为中介的一种______。

2、人们之间往往有许多事情只能意会，不能或不便言传，在这种情况下，通过观察人的眼神可以了解他（她）的内心思想和愿望，推知他们的态度：赞成还是反对、接受还是拒绝、喜欢还是不喜欢、真诚还是虚假等。

可见，眼神是一种十分重要的______交往手段。

3、艺术家在描写人物特征、刻画人物性格时，都十分重视通过描述眼神来表现人的内心的情绪，栩栩如生地展现人物的______。

4、朗朗笑声表达了愉快的情绪，而呻吟表达了痛苦的情绪。

言语是人们沟通思想的工具，同时，语音的高低、强弱、抑扬顿挫等，也是表达说话者______的手段。

5、当播音员转播乒乓球的比赛实况时，他的声音尖锐、急促、声嘶力竭，表达了一种紧张而兴奋的情绪；而当他播出某位领导人逝世的讣告时，语调缓慢而深沉，表达了一种悲痛而惋惜的______。

6、在许多场合下，人们无须使用语言，只要看看脸色、手势、动作，听听语调，就能知道对方的意图和______。

有人研究工业企业中领导者的动作表情，发现不同层次的领导者在进行管理工作时的面部表情、语调，以及使用手势的情形是不同的。

7、心境持续时间有很大差别。

某些心境可能持续几小时；另一些心境可能持续几周、几个月或更长的时间。

英语心理学英语30题

英语心理学英语30题1. We often feel happy when we get good grades. This shows that our emotions are influenced by _____.A. achievementsB. friendsC. familyD. environment答案：A。

本题考查英语心理学中情绪与成就的关系。

选项A“achievements”（成就），取得好成绩属于一种成就，会让我们感到开心，符合题意。

选项B“friends”（（朋友），朋友对情绪有影响，但本题中取得好成绩不是因为朋友。

选项C“family”（（家庭），家庭对情绪有影响，但本题未涉及家庭因素。

选项D“environment”（环境），环境会影响情绪，但这里主要是自身的成就导致的开心。

2. When you are afraid of giving a speech in public, it is a kind of _____.A. stressB. excitementC. relaxationD. joy答案：A。

本题涉及英语心理学中的情绪类别。

选项A“stress”（（压力），害怕公开演讲是一种压力带来的情绪。

选项B“excitement”（（兴奋），与害怕的情绪不符。

选项C“relaxation”（（放松），明显与害怕的情境相反。

选项D“joy”（快乐），害怕时不会感到快乐。

3. Seeing a beautiful flower can make us feel calm. This is because of the effect of _____.A. colorsB. soundsC. smellsD. tastes答案：A。

本题探讨英语心理学中外界因素对情绪的影响。

选项A“colors”（（颜色），美丽花朵的颜色能带来平静的感觉。

选项B“sounds”（声音），题干中未提及声音。

《普通心理学》期末考试试题及答案

《普通心理学》期末考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共40分）1. 下列哪项属于心理学的基本任务之一？（）A. 描述心理现象B. 解释心理现象C. 预测心理现象D. 所有以上选项答案：D2. 下列哪项不是感觉的基本特征？（）A. 感觉阈限B. 感觉适应C. 感觉后效D. 感觉对比答案：C3. 下列哪种感觉是最早发展的感觉？（）B. 听觉C. 嗅觉D. 味觉答案：D4. 下列哪种情绪理论属于生理学理论？（）A. 詹姆斯-兰格理论B. 情感-认知理论C. 情感-行为理论D. 情感-情绪理论答案：A5. 下列哪种心理现象不属于记忆过程？（）A. 编码B. 保持C. 提取D. 情感6. 下列哪种心理障碍属于认知障碍？（）A. 抑郁症B. 焦虑症C. 偏执症D. 阿尔茨海默病答案：D7. 下列哪种心理治疗方法属于认知行为疗法？（）A. 精神分析疗法B. 行为疗法C. 认知疗法D. 人本主义疗法答案：C8. 下列哪种心理现象属于动机理论中的驱力理论？（）A. 需要层次理论B. 成就动机理论C. 驱力理论D. 期望理论答案：C9. 下列哪种心理现象属于人格特质理论？（）A. 大五人格理论B. 依恋理论C. 心理动力学理论D. 人本主义理论答案：A10. 下列哪种心理现象不属于社会心理学研究范畴？（）A. 群体行为B. 人类关系C. 心理障碍D. 社会态度答案：C二、填空题（每题2分，共30分）11. 心理学是研究心理现象及其______的科学。

答案：规律12. 感觉适应包括______适应和______适应。

答案：暗适应、明适应13. 记忆过程包括______、______和______。

答案：编码、保持、提取14. 情绪和情感的区别在于______、______和______。

答案：生理唤醒、认知评价、主观体验15. 动机是个体______和______的心理驱动力。

答案：行为、活动16. 人格特质理论认为，人格特质分为______特质和______特质。

医学心理学英文题

医学心理学英文题Medical PsychologyThe field of medical psychology is a fascinating and multifaceted discipline that explores the intricate relationship between physical health, mental well-being, and the human experience. As a healthcare professional, understanding the psychological factors that influence an individual's physical health is crucial in providing comprehensive and effective care.At the core of medical psychology is the recognition that the mind and body are inextricably linked. Our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors can significantly impact our physical health, and vice versa. This bidirectional relationship is a crucial consideration in the diagnosis, treatment, and management of various medical conditions.One of the primary roles of medical psychologists is to assist patients in navigating the emotional and psychological challenges that often accompany physical illness or injury. They work alongside physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers to address the psychological needs of patients, helping them cope with the stress, anxiety, and depression that can arise during the course of treatment.Medical psychologists employ a range of evidence-based therapeutic techniques to support their patients. These may include cognitive-behavioral therapy, stress management strategies, relaxation techniques, and even hypnotherapy. By addressing the psychological factors that influence a patient's physical health, medical psychologists can help improve treatment outcomes, enhance quality of life, and promote overall well-being.Moreover, medical psychologists play a crucial role in preventive healthcare. They work with individuals to identify and address risk factors for physical and mental health conditions, empowering them to make lifestyle choices that promote better health. This may involve developing personalized wellness plans, providing education on the mind-body connection, and offering support for behavioral changes such as smoking cessation or stress management.In the realm of clinical practice, medical psychologists collaborate closely with other healthcare professionals to provide integrated, holistic care. They may work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, outpatient clinics, rehabilitation centers, and even long-term care facilities. Their expertise is invaluable in helping patients navigate the complexities of the healthcare system and ensuring that their psychological needs are addressed in conjunction with their physical treatment.Beyond direct patient care, medical psychologists also contribute to the advancement of the field through research and education. They investigate the complex interplay between psychological and physiological factors, exploring new approaches to assessment, intervention, and treatment. By disseminating their findings through publications, conferences, and educational programs, medical psychologists help to expand the knowledge base and improve the overall quality of healthcare.One particularly noteworthy area of research in medical psychology is the role of stress and trauma in physical health. Studies have shown that chronic stress can have profound physiological consequences, contributing to the development of conditions such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disorders, and even certain types of cancer. Medical psychologists work to understand the mechanisms by which stress affects the body and develop strategies to help patients manage stress more effectively.Another emerging area of interest in medical psychology is the impact of technology on healthcare. As digital tools and telemedicine become more prevalent, medical psychologists are exploring how these advancements can be leveraged to enhance patient care and improve access to mental health services, particularly in underserved or remote communities.Overall, the field of medical psychology is a vital component of the healthcare system, playing a crucial role in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of physical and mental health conditions. By integrating the psychological and physiological aspects of human health, medical psychologists strive to provide comprehensive, personalized care that empowers individuals to achieve and maintain optimal well-being.。

（含答案）社会心理学期末考试复习题英文版

（含答案）社会⼼理学期末考试复习题英⽂版⼀、单选题(每题1分，共20分)1.Which of the following is not the scope of social psychology?( D )A. people’s thoughtsB. people’s feelingsC. people’s behaviorsD. people’s present2.Whether you prefer slim or voluptuous female beauty depends on when and where in the world you live. This phenomenon displays ( C)A. social behavior is biologically rooted.B. we construct our social reality.C. social influences shape our behaviorD. social psychology’s principles are applicable in everyday life.3.To evaluate surveys, we must bear in mind four potentially biasing influences. Which of the following is belonging to those potentially biasing influence?( A)A. Unrepresentative samplesB. ControlC. Independent variableD. Informed consent4.Take the phenomenon of College Students' love mate choice as an example, the following is not a research level of social psychology.（A）A .The proportion of loveB. Mate choice attitudeC .Attraction factorD .Love relationship5.Which of the following dosen’t belong to the main characteristic in heart of an individual learned helplessness?( D) A．low self-efficacyB．negative thinkingC．emotional disordersD．good interpersonal relationship6.On matters of opinion, we find support for our positions by overestimating the extent to which others agree. The phenomenon is called( B)A.false uniqueness effectB.false consensus effectC.self-esteemD.self-reference effect7.when show an animated underwater scene, Japanese spontaneously recalled 60 percent more background features than did Americans, and they spoke of more relationships. Americans, as confirmed in a follow-up eye-tracking study, attend more to the focal object, such as a single big fish, and attend less to the surroundings. The example above essentially embodies?( A )A.the difference between individualism and collectivismB.the difference between self-respect and inferiorityC.the difference between optimism and pessimismD. the difference between active and passive8. Which of the following does not belong to the independent personalityof self concept?( B)A.Personal, defined by individual traits and goalsB.ConformityC.“To thine own self be ture”D.support the individualistic Western9.____ is a tendency to search for information that prove one's preconceptions. ( A)A.Confirmation biaB.Belief perseveranceC.OverconfidenceD.Counterfactual thinking10.Attribution theory is the theory of how people explain other's ___. ( D)A.dispositionsB.emotionsC.thinkingsD.behaviors11.Which of the following options is not one of the ABCs of Attitudes?（ C ）A. affectB. behaviorC. beliefD. cognition12. Which of the following options is the function of attitude on behavior（B）A．decide B. predict C. change D. strength13.When saying becomes believing？（A）A. when there is no compelling，extern al explanation for one’s wordsB. when there is no one disagrees what you saidC. when you believe in what you saidD. when people believe in what you said14.What is involved in Asch’s Study of Group Pressure? (B)A.Suggestibility/doc/156128ac011ca300a7c39012.html parisonC.The chameleon effectD.Obedience15.What don’t breed obedience? ( D )A.The victim’s distanceB.Closeness and legitimacy of the authorityC.InstitutionalD.Norm formation16.Why conform? ( D)A.Bystander effectB.Emotional contaglonC.The effect of unanimityD.Normative influence and informational influence17.The key to the change of attitude is ( A ).A.the incentive of the strongB.tend to be motivated byC. to reach the equilibrium state ofD. the avoidance of motivation18.To promote, maintain and regulate individual behavior, so that the psychological process of a certain goal, known as ( A).A.motivationB.needC.attentionD.interested19. Cause the main cause of deindividuation is ( D).A. group polarizationB. social loafingC. conformity D . anonymity20. Sometimes when group together to complete a job, each of the members of efforts to fulfil the task than the individual in a separate case when the phenomenon of fewer, it usually occur in multiple individual cooperation for a common goal, their work performance and cannot be calculated separately. This is called ( B).A. social facilitationB. social loafingC. deindividuationD. group polarization21. Psychologists believe that, in general，deindividuation can make individual aggression（ C ）A. uncertaintyB. invariantC. increaseD. decrease22. Group strengthen we itself has no point of view is called ( B)A. the effects of social arousalB. social facilitationC. deindividuationD. group polarization23. Low limit contact group under the circumstance of not including ( A)A. social facilitationB. social loafingC. desocializationD. deindividuation24. Individual because of the pressure group, with groups in the psychological and behavior in most of the people to maintain consistent phenomenon called ( C)A. assimilateB. obeyC. conformityD. internalization25. The presence of others can affect helping behavior. Usually, the more people present, the more helping behavior ( A)A. the lessB. more difficult to predictC. the moreD. the more rapid increase26.Why conform? ( D)A.Bystander effectB.Emotional contaglonC.The effect of unanimityD.Normative influence and informational influence27.What can’t predicts conformity?(D)A.Group sizeB.CohesionC.Public responseD.Prior commitment28.How many people will have a largest effect in conformity? ( B)A.1-3B.3-5C.5-7D.7-929.Which of the following options is not one of the ABCs of Attitudes?（C）A. affectB. behaviorC. beliefD. cognition30. Which of the following options is the function of attitude on behavior（B）A．decide B. predict C. change D. strength31.When saying becomes believing？（A）A. when there is no compelling，external explanation for one’s wordsB. when there is no one disagrees what you saidC. when you believe in what you saidD. when people believe in what you said32.which of the following options is true about impression management? ( B)A. our attitudes change because we are motivated to maintain consistency among our cognition.B. we express attitudes that match our actions.C. we express attitudes to leave a good impression to others.D. the aboves are wrong.33.how consistent is the person's behavior in this sitiation is( A)A,consistencyB,distinctivenessC,consensusD,confomity34.How specific is the person's behavior to this paticular situation is( B)A,consistencyB,distinctivenessC,consensusD,confomity35.To wahat extent do others in this situation behave similary is（C ）A,consistencyB,distinctivenessC,consensusD,confomity36.with consistency,distinctiveness yes,we atttibute one'behavior to ( A) A,external attributionB,internal attributionC,disposition attributionD,situational attribution37.Humans tend to put themselves as the center of everything and intuition overestimate the attention degree of others to us. what effect it reflects? ( C )A. primacy effectB.recency effectC.spotlight effectD.stark effect38.Which one organizes our thoughts, feelings, and actions. Besides, it enables us to remember our past, assess, our present, and project our future and thus to behave adaptively.( A )A.sense of selfB.self-schemasC.self-efficacyD.self-esteem39.Social Psychology in which year separating from sociology and psychology？（C）A. 1906B. 1907C. 1908D. 191040. Social psychology is an about what subject？( A)A. environmentB. humanityC. culturalD. society⼆、多选题(每题1分，共20分)1.What is including of the social influence?（ACD ）A. culture and biologyB. prejudiceC. pressures to conformD. persuasionE. aggression2.What is including of the social relations?（CDE ）A.groups of peopleB. our attitudesC. prejudiceD. attraction and intimacyE. helping3.What is including of the social thinking?（BCE ）A.culture and biologyB. what we believeC. judgments we makeD. groups of peopleE. our attitudes4.Which is idea of social thinking? ( ABC )A.we construct our social realityB. our social intuitions are powerful, something perilousC. attitudes shape, and are shaped by ,behaviorD. social influences shape behaviorE. dispositions shape behavior5.which of them were collectivism( AB )A.giving priority to the goal of a groupB.Giving priority to the ambition of a groupC.Individual goalsD.individual ambitions6.which of them were individualism( AB )A.individual goalsB.Individual ambitionsC.Collective goalsD.Collective ambitions7.which of them are .self-reference effect( AB )/doc/156128ac011ca300a7c39012.html -letter effectB.Birthday-number effectC.Spotlight effectD.Possible selves8.which of them are passible selves（AB ）A.dream to become who you want to beB.Afraid of becoming who you dislikeC.Self-schemaD.Spotlight effect9.conterfactual thinking is( AD )A,alternative image B,factual memory C,have happened D,didn't happened 10.harold kelly attribute our behavior to internal or external causes with the factor( ABC )A,consistency B,distinctiveness C,consensus D,conformity11. Why does our behavior affect our attitudes ( ABC )A self-presentation: impression managementB self-justification: cognitive dissonanceC self-perceptionD social movement12. How well do our attitudes predict our behavior (ABD )A. when attitudes predict behaviorB. when attitudes are potentC. when saying becomes believingD. when the attitude corresponds very closely to the predicted behavior13 When does our behavior affect our attitude ( ABD )A. role playingB. social movementsC. comparing theoriesD. evil and moral acts14Who is more likely to resist the pressure to conformity ( ABC )A.People who is humaneB.People who is democraticC.People who is individualisticD.People who is patrioticE.People who is selfish15.Why do the results of these classic experiments so often startle people? ( CE )A.Because we expect people to act in accord with their dispositionB.Because the situation they areC.Because the fundamental attribution errorD.Because the conformity and obedienceE.Because the attribution bias16.Four factors that determined obedience were the victim’s emotional distance. They are( CDE )A.The authority’s supportB.The critics he received from authorityC.The authori ty’s closeness and legitimacyD.Whether or not the authority was part of respected institutionE.The liberating effects of a disobedient fellow participant17.（AB ）is right about central route.A. the aidience is analytical and motivated.B. its process is high effort and elaborate.C. it has rule of thumb heuristics.D. central route to persuasion is often only temporarily.18.（BCD ）is wrong about attitude inoculation.A. exposing people to weak attack upon their attitudes so that when stronger attacks come, they will have refutationsavailable.B. the way the message is delivered -- whether face-to-face, in writing, on film, or in some other way.C. occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.D. occurs when people are influenced by incieental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness.19.How do individuals influence the group? （ACD ）A.defections from the majorityB.prestigeC.consistencyD.self-confidence20.The ways that Vincent Brown and Paul Paulus have identified to enhance group brainstorming including? ( ABC ) /doc/156128ac011ca300a7c39012.html bine group and solitary brainstormingB.have group members interact by writingC.incorporate electronic brainstormingD.group members do their work alone21. （AD ）are the two routes to persuasion.A. central routeB. intermediary routeC. peripheric routeD. peripheral route22. （ABCD ）are the Elements of Persuasion.A. how is it said.B. to whom is it said.C.what is it said.D. who says.23. （AB ）aren't recency effect's point.A. more common than primacy effect.B. other things being equal, information presented first usually has the most influence.C. information presented last something has the most influence.D. less common than primacy effect.24. （BC ）is the involvement.A. the process by which media influence often occurs.B. personal relevance of the issue.C. high-involvement audience are more motivated to exert the effort to process a persuasive message.D. the individual's tendency to engage in and enjoy thinking.25. How can persuasion be resisted. （ACD ）A. strengthening personal commitment.B. keep a good feeling.C. real-life applications : inoculation programs.D. implications of attitude inoculation.26.In the Milgram’s experiments about the ethics, the “teachers” did experience agony. They ( ABE )A.SweatedB.TrembledC.RelaxedD.ExcitedE.Stuttered27.From Ervin Staub’s study of human genocide across the world, Staub (2003) shows ( AB )A.Where gradually increasing aggression can leadB.Where gradually increasing invasion can leadC.Where gradually increasing aberration can lead/doc/156128ac011ca300a7c39012.html pliance bred acceptanceE.Criticism produces contempt28.Conformity is affected by ( BE )A.Where people actB.How people actC.Other people actD.When people actE.What people act29.Who is more likely to resist the pressure to conformity ( ABC )A.People who is humaneB.People who is democraticC.People who is individualisticD.People who is patrioticE.People who is selfish30.Why does our behavior affect our attitudes ( ABC )A self-presentation: impression managementB self-justification: cognitive dissonanceC self-perceptionD social movement31.How well do our attitudes predict our behavior (ABD )A when attitudes predict behaviorB when attitudes are potentC when saying becomes believingD when the attitude corresponds very closely to the predicted behavior32.When does our behavior affect our attitude ( ABD )A role playingB social movementsC comparing theoriesD evil and moral acts33.Which of the following statements is wrong ( AB )A Role play can not predict our attitudeB the foot-in-the-door is not very effectiveC The law of behavior decision attitude may lead to unethical behaviorD Positive behavior to others will enhance the impression of the people34.representasion heuristic is( AC )A,category judgementB,likelihood judgementC,discounting important partD,overweighting vivid instance35.availability heuristic is ( BD )A,category judgementB,likelihood judgementC,discounting important partD,overweighting vivid instance36.conterfactual thinking is( AD )A,alternative imageB,factual memoryC,have happenedD,didn't happened37.harold kelly attribute our behavior to internal or external causes with the factor( ABC )A,consistencyB,distinctivenessC,consensusD,conformity38.which of them are .self-reference effect( AB )/doc/156128ac011ca300a7c39012.html -letter effectB.Birthday-number effectC.Spotlight effectD.Possible selves39.which of them are passible selves（AB ）A.dream to become who you want to beB.Afraid of becoming who you dislikeC.Self-schemaD.Spotlight effect40. Social psychology is a subject which studies which problems？（ABC ）A.What is our faith.B.Culture and the pressure of biological conformity.C.Attraction and intimacy.D.How to survive.E.Cooperation and competition.三、填空题(每空1分，共10分)1.Our instant intuitions shape our fears,(_impressions)____,and _(relationships)_____.2. Kelley's theory of attributions include three factors---_(distinctiveness) _,_(consistency)_,and _(consensus)_____.3. The “ABCs” of attitudes: _ affect behavior and cognition4. For the optimist, the effect of_(positive persuasion )_is better; for the pessimist, the effect of_(negative persuasion)_ is better.5. To reduce and eliminate cognitive dissonance we can:Change cognition Change behavior and Increase third party cognition6. evaluating one’s opinions and abilities by comparing oneself with others is called_ (social comparison )_.7. The “ABCs” of attitudes: _ affect behavior and cognition8. our thinking is partly _(controlled)__and-more than psychologists once supposed-partly (automatic).9.If the two kinds of information are continuously present, and then after a period of time, the (primacy effect) will appear, especially in the case of the first kind of information is more so.四、改错题(每题1分，共5分)1.The social relations including of prejudice ,aggression ,attraction and intimacy ,helping. 正确2.Our social intuitions are always powerful. 错误3.We exhibit unrealistic optimism about our future. 正确4.Most people suffer from low self esteem or feels of inferiority, Because of self-serving bias. 错误5.Help people fosters liking. 正确6.Reactance,Unanimity let us be different. 错误7.One person coughs,laughs,or yawns,and others are soon doing the same. it’s Mood linkage. 正确8.Conformity meas a change in behavior or belief as the result of real or imagined group pressure正确9.The central route can lead to a more stable attitude and behavior change, and the impact of the external route to the short and superficial.正确10.The enhancement of dominant responses is strongest when people think they are being evaluated.错五、简释题(每题5分，共20分)1. 1.correlational research：The study of the naturally occurring relationships amongvariables.2.Confirmation bias：a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions3.learned helplessness：The hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or ananimal perceives no control over repeated bad events.4. social facilitation:Original meaning :the tendency of people to perform simple or well-learned tasks better when others are present)(current meaning :the strengthening of dominant responses in the presence of others5.Conformity:A change in behavior or belief as result of real or imagined group pressure.6. Priming：priming is the awkening or activating of certain association.2.7. social psychology:The scientific study of how people think about ,influence andrelate to one another.8. Role：A set of norms that defines how people in given social position ought to behave.六、简答题(每题5分，共15分)1.Reasons for focus effect and illusion transparency?Answer:·a) Social surroundings affect our self-awareness.As individuals in a group of a different culture·b) Self-interest colors our social judgment.When problems arise in a close relationship such as marriage,we usually attribute more responsibility to our partners than to ourselves.·c) Self concerned about the social nature of the excitation.Human behavior tends to have a certain strategy2. What paths lead to persuasion?Answer: a) Central route to persuasion:occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts.b) Peripheral route to persuasion:occurs when people are influenced byincidental cues,such as a speaker's attractiveness.3. why do we make the attribution error？Answer:⾏动者和观察者的不同；聚焦观点偏见；观点在随时变化；⾃我觉知；⽂化差异4. Please explain foot-in-the-door phenomenon,and offer an exampleAnswer:答：如果想要别⼈帮你⼀个⼤忙，⼀个有效的策略是：请他们帮⼀个⼩忙。

心理学Motivation 心理学测试题心理学期末考试题复习题

Motivation & EmotionMotivation●Any internal condition, although usually an internal one, that initiates, activates, or maintains an organism’s goal-directed behavior.Needs●Needs are states of deprivation that emerge within the body.●Hunger is a common urge or need that motivates you to go to the nearestrefrigerator, dining hall or supermarket.●The drive theory postulates that needs motivates us or living things to actand regain homeostasisMurray’s Theory of Human Personality●Types of needs●Physical needs●Satisfaction of basic physical processes●Need for food, air, water, sex●Psychological needs●Focus on emotional and mental satisfaction●Example: the need for social interaction or to achieve difficult goalsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory●Five groups of basic needs●Healthy adults try to satisfy these needs●So basic that they motivate behavior in many cultures●Chronic frustration of needs can lead to psychopathologicalresultsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory●Physiological needs:basic requirements of the human body; food, water, sleep, sex●Safety needs:desires of a person to be protected from physical and economic harm●Belongingness and love needs (social):desire to give and receive affection; be in the company of othersMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory●Esteem needs:self-confidence and sense of self-worth●Esteem from others: valuation of self from other people●Self-esteem: feeling of self-confidence and self-respect●Self-actualization needs:desire for self-fulfillmentMain kinds of motivationHungerObesityTheories of the Regulation of Hunger–glucostatic hypothesis–lipostatic hypothesis (leptin-fat)–set-point theoryAnorexia nervosaSexHomosexuality maternal instinctsCuriosityChallenge and Control Manipulation and ContactMonkey Love ExperimentsAttachmentAchievementPerspectives on motivation-Motivation theory●Instincts●Drive-reduction theory●Arousal theory●Incentive theory●Cognitive theory1. Instinct theories of motivation●Instincts :Inborn, unlearned , fixed patterns ofbehavior and goal-directed behaviors that is characteristic of an entire species.●Instincts are characteristiccontrolled by specific triggeringstimuli in the world.●Instinct theories●The notion that human behavior is motived by certain innate tendencies,or instincts, shared by all individuals.2. Drive-reduction theoryStriving to keep a balanced internal state●Drive●State Drive of tension or arousal that motivates behavior.A psychological state that arises in response to an internal physiological need, such as hunger or thirstDrive-reduction theory:The theory suggesting that a need creates anunpleasant state of arousal or tension called a drive, which impels the organism to engage in behavior that will satisfy the need and reduce tension.●States that motivated behavior is aimed at reducing a state of bodily tension or arousal and at returning the organism to homeostasis.●Homeostasis●A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.●State of balance and stability in which the organism functions effectively.Drive-reduction theoryDrive-reduction theory●Primary drive : An unlearned drive, such as hunger, that is based on a physiological state.●Second drive : A learned drive, such as ambition, that is not based on a physiological state.3.Arousal theorystriving for an optimal level of arousal●Arousal●A state of alertness and mental and physical activation ●Arousal theory●A theory suggesting that the aim of motivation is to maintain an optimal level of arousal.●Yerkes-Dodson Law : States that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates.●IncentiveA positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.●positive incentive●negative incentive●Intrinsic motivation : A desire to perform a behavior that stems from the enjoyment derived from the behavior itself.●Extrinsic motivation A desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment.5. Cognitive theory●Expectancy-value theory●attribution theory●self-efficacy theoryMotivation conflict & frustration●Motivation conflict●The simultaneous existence of two or more motivations that lead to contradictory patterns of behaviour.●e.g. to approach a human offering food in order to obtain the food, and to flee from the human.Types of conflict●Approach-approach conflict●Avoidance-avoidance conflict●Approach-avoidance conflictApproach-approach conflict●Approach-approach conflict :●The organism is attracted and repulsed by the same stimulus or situation .Avoidance-avoidance conflict●Avoidance-avoidance conflict:●The organism is forced to choose between two different desirable stimuli.Approach-avoidance conflict●Approach-avoidance conflict:●The organism is forced to choose between two different undesirable alternativesmultiple approach-avoidance conflict●Multiple approach-avoidance conflict :●The organism is forced to choose between more than two different undesirable alternativesFrustration●Frustration: The feeling that occurs when a person is prevented from reaching a goal.Emotional and behavioral responsesafter frustration●Anger and Aggression●directly aggression●indirectly aggression●regression●fixation●ApathyLearned helplessness●Learned helplessness●Failure to take steps to avoid or escape from an unpleasant or aversive stimulus that occurs as a result of previous exposure to unavoidable painful stimuli.Summary●Key wordsDrive Incentive Learned helplessness●DefinitionMotive Needs Frustration●QuestionsMaslow’s Hierarchy of Needs TheoryMotivation theoriesTypes of Motive conflictEmotional and behavioral responses after frustration。

心理学期末复习题

心理学期末复习题一．名词解释1.心理学：心理学是研究人的心理现象及其发生、发展变化规律的科学。

2注意：注意是心理活动对一定对象的指向和集中。

3.感觉：感觉是刺激物作用于感觉器官，经过神经系统的信息加上所产生的对该刺激物的个别属性的反映。

4.知觉：知觉是直接作用于感觉器官的事物的整体在脑中的反映，是人对感觉信息的组织和解释过程。

5.记忆：回忆，指不在眼前的过去经历的事情在脑中重新出现的过程。

6.思维：思维是人脑对客观事物的本质属性及其内在规律性的概括和间接的反映。

7.想象：想象也是一种高级的复杂的认识活动，是大脑对已有表现进行加工，改造而形成新形象的过程。

8.情感：是指与人的社会需要相联系的主观体验。

9.情绪：是一种微弱、平静和持久的情绪状态。

10.意志：意志是为实现一定的目的、有意识的支配，调节个人的行为以克服困难的心理过程。

11.个性：个性指一个人的整个心理面貌，即具有一定倾向性的各种心理特征的总和。

12.需要：需要时个体在生活中感到某种欠缺而力求获得满足的一种紧张状态。

13.动机：动机是由特定目标与内在需要相结合而形成的引导、激发和维持个体行为的明确的内在心理倾向。

14.兴趣：兴趣是指人们力求认识某种事物和从事某项活动的心理倾向。

15.气质：气质是指人的心理活动典型而稳定的动力特征。

所谓心理活动的动力特征主要是指心理过程的强度、速度、稳定性以及心理活动的倾向性等特点。

16．性格：性格是指一个人对待现实的稳定态度与之相适应的习惯化的行为方式具有核心意义的个性心理特征。

17.能力：能力是指使活动得以完成，并直接影响活动效率的个性心理特征。

二．思考题1.1用列表的方法说明心理学的研究对象和内容。

心理过程：认知（感知、记忆、思维、想象）心理学现象意识过程：就是有意识的支配，调节行动，克服困难，以实现预定目的的心理过程。

个性心理：个性心理特征：包括气质、性格、能力等个性倾向性：包括需要动机、兴趣、理想信念和价值观1.2“狼孩”的事例有何启示？狼孩的故事反映了心理是对客观事实的反映，社会生活的实践对人的心理起制约作用即社会性，狼孩脱离了社会生活和社会实践，心理随即发生改变。

《临床心理学》期末考试复习题及参考答案

临床心理学复习题（课程代码364011）一、名词解释1、临床心理学2、心理应激3、心理咨询4、效度5、心理评估6、康复7、信度8、非语言沟通9、心理卫生10、心身疾病11、焦虑12、文化性应激源13、调查法14、重测信度15、行为治疗16、关键期17、心境障碍18、观察法19、感觉统合失调20、人格障碍21、感觉寻求22、投射23、行为主义24、网络成瘾25、自我26、移情27、操作性行为疗法28、自我价值保护原则29、恐惧30、角色扮演二、简答1、简述临床心理学的研究任务。

2、影响疼痛的心理社会因素有哪些？3、适度刺激与过度刺激对人体健康的影响。

4、针对失眠的心理治疗有哪些？5、如何调整心理应激？6、简述心身疾病的心理社会影响因素。

7、如何进行儿童期的心理保健？8、成瘾的心理社会性因素有哪些？9、简述心理咨询的任务。

10、简述应用心理测验的一般原则。

11、简述心理治疗的原则。

12、简述心身疾病的治疗原则。

三、论述1、青少年心身发展的特点是什么？如何进行青少年的心理保健？2、正常与异常心理的判别标准是什么？3、阐述咨询交谈中咨询师易范的错误，如何避免或纠正。

4、对于恐惧的患者，应如何进行心理护理？5、请论述心理咨询与心理治疗的异同点。

6、叙述各个年龄阶段保持心理健康的方法。

参考答案：一、名词解释1、临床心理学：是研究和处理异常行为问题的学科，是心理学在临床，主要在医学应用的一门专业学科。

2、心理应激：是个体“察觉”到环境刺激对生理、心理和社会系统过重负担时的整体现象，所引起的反应可以是适应或适应不良的。

3、心理咨询：是给来询者以心理上的指导和帮助的过程。

4、效度：是某程序测量它想要测量的内容的程度。

5、心理评估：是应用心理学的理论和方法对人的心理品质及其水平作出的鉴定。

6、康复：是一个过程，旨在通过综合协调应用各种措施，消除、减轻病伤残者身心、社会功能障碍，达到和保持生理、感官、智力、精神和（或）社会功能的最佳水平，增强自立能力，使伤残者重返社会，提高生存质量。

往年心理学期末考试题型及部分题目

心理学期末考试复习题2008级中法班活动室整理1、医患关系是指义务人员在给病人提供医疗服务过程中与病人建立的相互关系。

它有广义和狭义之分。

广义的医患关系是指提供医疗服务的群体与接受医疗服务群体之间的相互关系。

其中提供医疗服务的群体包括医生,护士，医技科室人员及医院的行政代言人；接受医疗服务的群体包括病人，病人家属及监护人，病人的工作单位代言人。

狭义的医患关系是指医生个体与病人个体之间的相互关系。

医患关系的特点：（一）明确的目的性（二）医患双方的地位是平等的（三）医生是医患关系的主要影响者（四）医患关系有时限性医患关系的类型：（一）主动-被动型这种医患关系的特点是：“医生为病人做什么”模式原型是“父母-婴儿“（二）指导-合作型这种医患关系的特点是：“医生告诉病人做什么和怎么做”模式原型是“父母-儿童“（三）共同参与型这种医患关系的特点是：“医生帮助病人自我恢复“模式原型是“成人-成人“医患关系的影响因素：（一）病人权利病人的基本权利包括：免除一定社会责任和义务的权利享受平等医疗，护理，保健的权利知情同意的权利隐私保密的权利监督医疗权利实现的权利自由选择的权利（二）责任冲突（三）信任和理解（四）沟通态度在与病人的沟通中良好的沟通态度体现在尊重病人2、情绪情绪和情感是指人们对客观事物是否符合自身需要的态度的体验。

情绪与情感是人们对客观事物的一种反映形式，客观事物是产生情绪，情感的本源，离开了客观事物，情绪情感就成了无源之水，无本之木。

情绪和情感的关系情绪和情感在历史上曾统称为感情，它既包括感情发生的过程，也包括由此产生的各种体验。

表情1.面部表情2.身段表情3.言语表情3、病人角色：又称病人身份，是一种特殊的社会角色，是处于患病状态中同时有求医的要求和医疗行为的社会角色。

病人角色的四个要素：1）病人可从常规的社会角色中解脱出来，减轻或免除原有的责任和义务2）病人对陷入疾病状态没有责任3）负有恢复健康的责任4）负有寻求医疗协助的责任病人角色的权利：1）享受医疗服务的权利2）享有被尊重、被了解的权利3）享有对疾病诊治的知情同意权4）享有保守个人秘密的权利5）享有监督自己医疗权利实现的权利6）享有免除病前社会责任的权利病人角色的义务：1）及时就医，争取早日康复2）寻求有效的医疗帮助，遵守医嘱3）遵守医疗服务部门的各项规章制度，支付医疗费用4）病人要和医护人员合作，配合诊治救护工作病人角色的转换和适应不良情况包括：1）角色行为缺如2）角色行为冲突3）角色行为减退4）角色行为强化5）角色行为异常4、记忆:是人脑对过去经历过的事物的反映，包括识记、保持、再认和再现三个基本环节。

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The final examination of medical immunology
for seven year students of Grade 2003(2005/12/6)
Paper A
I. Explain the following items(2 points for each, 18 points)
1. Lymphocyte recirculation
2. CDR
3. cytokine
4. MHC restriction
5. PRR
6. Immune tolerance
7. ITAM
8.APC
9. TI-Ag
II. Choose all correct answers(1 point for each,15 points)
1.Which of the following statement(s) about the spleen is(are) true:
A. It filters antigens out of the blood.
B. Lymphatic vessels draining the tissue spaces enter the spleen
C. It contains germinal centers
D. It functions to remove old and defective red blood cells
2.Which kinds of Ig expressed mainly on the surface of mature B cells?
A. mIgG
B. mIg A
C. mIgD
D.mIgM
3.Which can function as C3 convertase in activation of complement system?
A.C4b2b
B.C4b2b3b
C.C3bBb
D.C3bnBb
4.About the characteristics of cytokines, which of the following(s) is (are) correct?
A. One cytokine can act on different cells and play multiple biological effects
B. The cytokine produced by one cell only acts on neighbor cells
C. Combined with corresponding receptor to play role
D. One cytokine can inhibit or enhance effects of other cytokine
5.Which of the following molecules can stimulate T cells activation?
A. LPS
B. PWM
C. Con A
D. PHA
6.What are the functions of B cells?
A. produce Ab
B. secrete cytokines
C. kill target cells directly
D. present Ag
7.Which of the cytokines are secreted by Th1 cells?
A. IL-4
B. IL-2
C. IL-10
D. IFN-γ
8.Which of the diseases belong to type Ⅲ hypersensitivity?
A. Transfusion reaction
B. Arthus reaction
C. Contact dermatitis
D. Rheumatoid arthritis
9.Which of the following is(are) correct about the characteristics of memory cells?
A. Can come from either B cell or T cell
B. Can respond to antigen at low consentrate effectivelly
C. Only exist in HI
D. React to a second invasion of an antigen more rapidly and stronger
10.What abilities do αβ+T cells gain after maturation?
A. self-reactive
B. self-tolerance
C. express functional TCR
D. self MHC restriction
11.Which of the followings are correct statements about dendritic cells?
A. Can stimulate naïve T cell proliferation
B. Express high level of MHC class II molecules
C. Express high level of MHC class I molecules
D. Mature dendritic cells with strong function of antigen-capture
12.About AICD, which statements are correct?
A. Can be mediated by FasL-Fas interaction
B. Is a kind of cell death of activated T cell
C. Play important roles in immunological regulation
D. IL-4 can promote AICD
13. The processes of antigen-activated B cells differentiation in germinal center include:
A. Ig Class switching
B. Somatic hypermutation and Ig affinity maturation
C. Differentiate into Bm
D. Apoptosis
14.Which of the following factors affect the antigen immunogenecity?
A. molecule weight
B. foreigness
C. conformation
D. chemical composition
15. About somatic hypermutation, which statements are correct?
A. Occurs during B cells maturation
B. Result in affinity maturation of antibodies
C. Mainly occurs in CDR region
D. Can occur during T cells maturation
Ⅲ．Answer the following questions briefly (5 point for each, 30 points)
1. How can T helper cells play important roles in an antibody mediated response.
2.What cells express the HLA II molecules? What are the functions of HLA II molecules on these cells?
3.If we want to label the antibody with enzyme for ELISA experiment, what part of antibody does enzyme should bind to? Why?
4.How do effector specific CTLs kill tumor cells? What are the characteristics for this process?
5. How are endogenous antigens recognized by CD8+ T cells?
6. What is Neonate hemolysis? Please describe its mechanism.
IV. Answer following question (12 points)
1. How the innate and adaptive immunity act in cooperative and inter-dependent ways to protect the host.?
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