非谓语动词语法讲解学生版
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非谓语动词语法讲解
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了,要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种:1、动词不定式:to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词:done 二、三种形式的含义(基本用法)
不定式:表示目的和将来;动词的ing:表示主动和进行;过去分词:表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态
一般式完成式进行式
不定式主动to do to have done to be doing
被动to be done to have been
done
ing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having been
done
过去分
词
被动done
四、非谓语动词的否定形式
在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing
五、非谓语动词的复合结构
不定式的复合结构:for / of sb. to do sth.
动词 ing 形式的复合结构:宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时,用的所有格+doing)
六、非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法:看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法:非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法:非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。方法:分析句子,看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.
学习非谓语形式时,建议把三种形式一起来比较学习,会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较
1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语
a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。如:
________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.
A. The walk
B. Walking
C. To walk
D. Walk
b. 不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,即用句型:It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.
It’s important for us to learn English well.
It’s kind of you to help us.
注意:下面几个句型是用动名词:
It’s no good / use doing sth.
It’s useless doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较
1、不定式、动名词作表语,.表示主语的内容。如:
My job is teaching / to teach English. (teaching / to teach English 是my job的内容)
Knowing who we are means knowing what we like to do. (主表语要用同一种形式)
2、分词作表语
记住:一些表示情感、情绪的动词,常用分词形式作表语。现在分词表示主语的性质特征,用过去分词表示主语的状态。常用动词:surprise (使某人吃惊), surprising (令人吃惊), surprised (主语)感到吃惊)类似动词有:excite (激动),astonish (惊奇),shock (震惊),scare (惊恐),disappoint (失望),move (感动),
如:The movie is exciting. We are excited at the news.
3、在seem / appear (似乎,好像), prove / turn out (被证明是), remain (仍然是,尚待)等连系动词后,可用不定式作表语。如:He seemed (to be ) very happy.
非谓语动词十大解题原则
非谓语动词主要包括to do, -ing和-ed三种形式,可是其用法非常广泛,它不仅是高考单项选择题测试的一个重点,而且也是完形填空、阅读理解、短文改错的重要考查内容。为了能更好地掌握非谓语动词的用法,笔者在教学实践中总结出十条实用的解题原则,并且还用相关的题目来解释这些原则。根据这些原则,相信同学们可以轻松地应对非谓语动词。
原则一、两个句子必须要用连词连接,如果没有连词连接,则需要用非谓语动词
例1. _________ many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He had been told
D. Though he had been told
例2._________ many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He had been told
D. Though he had told
原则二、不及物动词无-ed形式非谓语动词,及物动词有宾语时用-ing形式,无宾语时用-ed形式
例3. ____________ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost
B. Lost
C. Being lost
D. Losing
例4. __________, I really believe that I’d prefer not to make any change now.
A. Considered all the possibilities
B. Taking all the possibilities into consideration