句子简化题 专项
句子简化题习题集
七．句子简化题1.In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them-even while building materials have changed dramatically. The world’s architectural structures have also been devised in relation to the objective limitations of materials. Structures can be analyzed in terms of how they deal with downward forces created by gravity. They are designed to withstand the forces of compression (pushing together), tension (pulling apart), bending, or a combination of these in different parts of the structure.A.Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.B.Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.C.When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.D.Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.2.The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.A.Despite the current impre ssive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water addition very small.B. Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventually accumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.C. Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.D. Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue to increase.3.Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.A. Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.B. Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.C. Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.D. A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.4.The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deer---wolves, cougar, and lynx--have been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the gate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer. In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive. The protein content of shade-grown vegetation, for example, was much lower than that for plants grown in clearings.A.Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest helped him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.B. Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food.C. Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important to find additional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.D. According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.5.The subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings. Perhaps, like many contemporary peoples, Upper Paleolithic men and women believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death of injury, and if that were indeed their belief, it might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.Another explanation for the focus on animals might be that these people sought to improve their luck at hunting. This theory is suggested by evidence of chips in the painted figures, perhaps made by spears thrown at the drawings. But if improving their hunting luck was the chief motivation for the paintings, it is difficult to explain why only a few show signs of having been speared. Perhaps the paintings were inspired by the need to increase the supply of animals.A.Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that if they drew a human image in their cave art, it would cause death or injury.B. Many contemporary people believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, so they, like Upper Paleolithic people, rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.C. If Upper Paleolithic people, like many contemporary peoples, believed that the drawing of a human image could cause death or injury, this belief might explain why human figures are rarely depicted in cave art.D. Although many contemporary peoples believe that the drawing of a human image can cause death or injury, researchers cannot explain why Upper Paleolithic people rarely depicted human figures in their cave art.6.Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems to originate from organic matter in marine sediment. Microscopic organisms settle to the seafloor and accumulate in marine mud. The organic matter may partially decompose, using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment. As soon as the oxygen is gone, decay stops and the remaining organic matter is preserved. Continued sedimentation—the process of deposits' settling on the sea bottom—buries the organic matter and subjects it to higher temperatures and pressures, which convert the organic matter to oil and gas. As muddy sediments are pressed together, the gas and small droplets of oil may be squeezed out of the mud and may move into sandy layers nearby. Over long periods of time (millions of years), accumulations of gas and oil can collect in the sandy layers. Both oil and gas are less dense than water, so they generally tend to rise upward through water-saturated rock and sediment.A.Higher temperatures and pressures promote sedimentation, which is responsible for petroleum formation.B. Deposits of sediments on top of organic matter increase the temperature of and pressure on the matter.C. Increase pressure and heat from the weight of the sediment turn the organic remains into petroleum.D. The remains of microscopic organisms transform into petroleum once they are buried under mud.7.Earth is a target in a cosmic shooting gallery, subject to random violent events that were unexpected a few decades ago. In 1991 the United States Congress asked NASA to investigate the hazard posed today by large impacts on Earth. The group conducting the study concluded from a detailed analysis that impacts from meteorites can indeed be hazardous. Although there is always some risk that a large impact could occur, careful study shows that this risk is quite small.A.Until recently, nobody realized that Earth is exposed to unpredictable violent impacts from space.B. In the last few decades, the risk of a random violent impact from space has increased.C. Since most violent events on Earth occur randomly, nobody can predict when or where they will happen.D. A few decades ago, Earth became the target of random violent events originating in outer space.8. Paragraph6: Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites that have been contaminated by toxic levels of heavy metals – an environmentally friendly approach known as phytoremediation. This scenario begins with the planting of hyper accumulating species in the target area, such as an abandoned mine or an irrigation pond contaminated by runoff. Toxic minerals would first be absorbed by roots but later relocated to the stem and leaves. A harvest of the shoots would remove the toxic compounds off site to be burned or composted to recover the metal for industrial uses. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at a cost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial, the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils. For examples, in field trials, the plant alpine pennycress removed zinc and cadmium from soils near a zinc smelter, and Indian mustard, native to Pakistan and India, has been effective in reducing levels of selenium salts by 50 percent in contaminated soils.A.Before considering phytoremediation, hyper accumulating species of plants local to the target area must be identified.B. The investigation begins with an evaluation of toxic sites in the target area to determine the extent of contamination.C. The first step in phytoremediation is the planting of hyper accumulating plants in the area to be cleaned up.D. Mines and irrigation ponds can be kept from becoming contaminated by planting hyper accumulating species in targeted areas.9.Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals. Detailed studies of the winds and currents using computer simulations suggest that drifting canoes would have been a most unlikely means of colonizing the Pacific. These expeditions were likely driven by population growth and political dynamics on the home islands, as well as the challenge and excitement of exploring unknown waters.A.Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants andanimals.B. The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.C. Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.D. The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.10.A slightly younger fossil formation containing animal remains is the Tommotian formation, named after a locale in Russia. It dates to the very early Cambrian period, and it also contains only soft-bodied forms. At one time, the animals present in these fossil beds were assigned to various modern animal groups, but most paleontologists now agree that all Tommotian fossils represent unique body forms that arose in the early Cambrian period and disappeared before the end of the period, leaving no descendants in modern animal groups.A.The animals found in the Tommotian fossil bed were once thought to belong to a variety of modern animal groups, but now they are thought to have descended from a single group.B. Animals in the Tommotian fossil beds were initially assigned to modern animal groups but are now thought to belong to groups that emerged and died out during the Cambrian period.C. Though at first they thought otherwise, paleontologists now agree that the animals in the Tommotian have body forms from which modern animals have descended.D. It is unclear whether the Tommotian fossils from the early Cambrian period represent unique body forms or whether they should be assigned to various modern animal groups.11.In Britain one of the most dramatic changes of the Industrial Revolution was the harnessing of power．Until the reign of George Ⅲ(1760-1820)，available sources of power for work and travel had not increased since the Middle Ages. There were three sources of power：animal or human muscles; the wind, operating on sail or windmill; and running water. Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage: streams flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons. Furthermore, even the most reliable waterpower varied with the seasons and disappeared in a drought, the new age of machinery, in short, could not have been born without a new source of both movable and constant power.A.Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven．B. The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories which explains why so many water—powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable placesC. Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills as well as other factories tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland．D. Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.12.In 1831 when Smith was finally recognized by the Geological Society of London as the “father of English geology”, was not only for his maps but also for something even more important．Ever since people had begun to catalog the strata in particular outcrops, there had been the hope that these could somehow be used to calculate geological time．But as more and more accumulations of strata were cataloged in more and more places, it became clear that the sequences of rocks sometimes differed from region to region and that no rock type was ever going to become a reliable time marker throughout the world．Even without the problem of regional differences, rocks present a difficulty as unique time markers Quartz is quartz—a silicon ion surrounded by four oxygen ions—there’s no difference at all between two-million-year-old Pleistocene quartz and Cambrian quartz created over 500 million years ago．A.The discovery of regional differences in the sequences of rocks led geologists to believe that rock types could someday become reliable time markers．B. Careful analysis of strata revealed that rocks cannot establish geological time because the pattern of rock layers varies from place to place．C. Smith's catalogs of rock strata indicated that the sequences of rocks are different from place to place and from region to region．D. Because people did not catalog regional differences in sequences of rocks. It was believed that rocks could never be reliable time markers13. Paragraph 7: These three explanations of infantile amnesia are not mutually exclusive：indeed, they support each other. Physiological immaturity may be part of why infants and toddlers do not form extremely enduring memories, even when they hear stories that promote such remembering in preschoolers. Hearing the stories may lead preschoolers to encode aspects of events that allow them to form memories they can access as adults．Conversely，improved encoding of what they hear may help them better understand and remember stories and thus make the stories more useful for remembering future events. Thus, all three explanations-- physiological maturation hearing and producing stories about past events，and improved encoding of key aspects of events--seem likely to be involved in overcoming infantile amnesia．A.Incomplete physiological development may partly explain why hearing stories does not improve long-term memory in infants and toddlersB. One reason why preschoolers fail to comprehend the stories they hear is that they are physiologically immatureC. Given the chance to hear stories，infants and toddlers may form enduring memories despite physiological immaturity．D. Physiologically mature children seem to have no difficulty remembering stories they heard as preschoolers．14.Paragraph 4 The time had come to formulate a hypothesis. The investigators theorized that about 20 million years ago, the Mediterranean was a broad seaway linked to the Atlantic by two narrow straits. Crustal movements closed the straits, and the landlocked Mediterranean began to evaporate. Increasing salinity caused by the evaporation resulted in the extermination of scores of invertebrate species. Only a few organisms especially tolerant of very salty conditions remained. As evaporation continued, the remaining brine (salt water) became so dense that the calcium sulfate of the hard layer was precipitated. In the central deeper part of the basin, the last of the brine evaporated to precipitate more soluble sodium chloride (salt). Later, under the weight of overlying sediments, this salt flowed plastically upward to form salt domes. Before this happened, however, the Mediterranean was a vast desert 3,000 meters deep. Then, about 5.5 million years ago came the deluge. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean. Turbulent waters tore into the hardened salt flats, broke them up, and ground them into the pebbles observed in the first sample taken by the Challenger. As the basin was refilled, normal marine organisms returned. Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer.A.The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them.15. Paragraph 1 There is a quality of cohesiveness about the Roman world that applied neither to Greece nor perhaps to any other civilization, ancient or modern. Like the stone of Roman wall, which were held together both by the regularity of the design and by that peculiarly powerful Roman cement, so the various parts of the Roman realm were bonded into a massive, monolithic entity by physical, organizational, and psychological controls. The physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, which were stationed in every province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome. The organizational bonds were based on the common principles of law and administration and on the universal army of officials who enforced common standards of conduct. The psychological controls were built on fear and punishment—on the absolute certainty that anyone or anything that threatened the authority of Rome would be utterly destroyed.A.The regularity and power of stone walls inspired Romans attempting to unify the parts of their realm.B. Although the Romans used different types of designs when building their walls; they used regular controls to maintain their realm.C. Several types of control united the Roman realm, just as design and cement held Roman walls together.D. Romans built walls to unite the various parts of their realm into a single entity, which was controlled by powerful laws.16.Unlike in the Americas, where metallurgy was a very late and limited development, Africans had iron from a relatively early date, developing ingenious furnaces to produce the high heat needed for production and to control the amount of air that reached the carbon and iron ore necessary for making iron. Much of Africa moved right into the Iron Age, taking the basic technology and adapting it to local; conditions and resources.A.While American iron makers developed the latest furnaces, African iron makers continued using earlier techniques.B. Africans produced iron much earlier than Americans, inventing technologically sophisticated heating systems.C. Iron making developed earlier in Africa than in the Americas because of the ready availability of carbon and iron ore.D. Both Africa and the Americas developed the capacity for making iron early, but African metallurgy developed at a slower rate.17.The work of Wildman and Niles suggests the importance of recognizing some of the difficulties of instituting reflective practice. Others have noted this, making a similar point about the teaching profession's cultural inhibitions about reflective practice. Zeichner and Liston (1987) point out the inconsistency between the role of the teacher as a (reflective) professional decision maker and the more usual role of the teacher as a technician, putting into practice the ideas of others. More basic than the cultural issues is the matter of motivation. Becoming a reflective practitioner requires extra work (Jaworski, 1993) and has only vaguely defined goals with, perhaps, little initially perceivable reward and the threat of vulnerability. Few have directly questioned what might lead a teacher to want to become reflective. Apparently, the most obvious reason for teachers to work toward reflective practice is that teacher educators think it is a good thing. There appear to be many unexplored matters about the motivation to reflect-for example, the value of externally motivated reflection as opposed to that of teachers who might reflect by habit.A.The practice of being reflective is no longer simply a habit among teachers but something that is externally motivatedB. Most teachers need to explore ways to form the habit of reflection even when no external motivation existsC. Many aspects of the motivation to reflect have not been studied, including the comparative benefits of externally motivated and habitual reflection among teachersD. There has not been enough exploration of why teachers practice reflection as a habit with or without external motivation18.Paragraph 4 Dissatisfaction with conventional explanations for dinosaur extinctions led to a surprising observation that, in turn, has suggested a new hypothesis. Many plants and animals disappear abruptly from the fossil record as one moves from layers of rock documenting the end of the Cretaceous up into rocks representing the beginning of the Cenozoic (the era after the Mesozoic). Between the last layer of Cretaceous rock and the first layer of Cenozoic rock, there is often a thin layer of clay. Scientists felt that they could get an idea of how long the extinctions took by determining how long it took to deposit this one centimeter of clay and they thought they could determine the time it took to deposit the clay by determining the amount of the element iridium (lr) it contained.A.The fossil record suggests that there was an abrupt extinction of many plants and animals at the end of the Mesozoic era.B. Few fossils of the Mesozoic era have survived in the rocks that mark the end of the Cretaceous.C. Fossils from the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic up to the beginning of the Cenozoic era have been removed from the layers of rock that surrounded them.D. Plants and animals from the Mesozoic era were unable to survive in the Cenozoic era.19.Paragraph 4 These ideas remain controversial. Proponents point to features such as the terraced “beaches” shown in one image, which could conceivably have been left behind as a lake or ocean evaporated and the shoreline receded. But detractors maintain that the terraces could also have been created by geological activity, perhaps related to the geologic forces that depressed the Northern Hemisphere far below the level of the south, in which case they have nothing whatever to do with Martian water. Furthermore, Mars Global Surveyor data released in 2003 seem to indicate that the Martian surface contains too few carbonate rock layers―layers containing compo unds of carbon and oxygen―that should have been formed in abundance in an ancient ocean. Their absence supports the picture of a cold, dry Mars that never experienced the extended mild period required to form lakes and oceans. However, more recent data imply that at least some parts of the planet did in fact experience long periods in the past during which liquid water existed on the surface.A.But detractors argue that geological activity may be responsible for the water associated with the terraces.B. But detractors argue that the terraces may have been formed by geological activity rather than by the presence of water.C. But detractors argue that the terraces may be related to geological forces in the Northern Hemisphere of Mars, rather than to Martian water in the south.D. But detractors argue that geological forces depressed the Northern Hemisphere so far below the level of the south that the terraces could not have been formed by water.20.The most influential proponent of the coastal migration route has been Canadian archaeologist Knut Fladmark. He theorized that with the use of watercraft, people gradually colonized unglaciated refuges and areas along the continental shelf exposed by the lower sea level. Fladmark's hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.A.Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.B. Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.C. The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesisD. According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived the longest along the west coast of the Americas.。
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案
托福阅读句子简化题型及答案托福阅读中词汇题是重要题型之一。
根据托福阅读题型不同来进行专项练习，是短期提高托福阅读能力的有效方法。
那么，在以下内容中，我们就为大家带来一系列的托福简化题内容汇总希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
托福阅读句子简化题：Early Cinema【Paragraph 2】These Kinetoscope arcades were modeled on phonograph parlors, which had proven successful for Edison several years earlier. In the phonograph parlors, customers listened to recordings through individual ear tubes, moving from one machine to the next to hear different recorded speeches or pieces of music. The Kinetoscope parlors functioned in a similar way. Edison was more interested in the sale of Kinetoscopes (for roughly $1,000 apiece) to these parlors than in the films that would be run in them (which cost approximately $10 to $15 each). He refused to develop projection technology, reasoning that if he made and sold projectors, then exhibitors would purchase only one machine-a projector-from him instead of several. (Early Cinema) Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence from the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.○Edison did not want to develop projection technologybecause it limited the number of machines he could sell.○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：Desert Formation【Paragraph 10】The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas whereconsiderable soil still remains, though, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface. (Desert Formation)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless thepopulation is reduced in the vast areas affected.托福阅读句子简化题答案：1托福阅读句子简化题：The Origins of Cetaceans【Paragraph 5】An even more exciting find was reported in 1994, also from Pakistan. The now extinct whale Ambulocetus natans ("the walking whale that swam") lived in the Tethys Sea 49 million years ago. It lived around 3 million years after Pakicetus but 9 million before Basilosaurus. The fossil luckily includes a good portion of the hind legs.The legs were strong and ended in long feet very much like those of a modern pinniped. The legs were certainly functional both on land and at sea. The whale retained a tail and lacked a fluke, the major means of locomotion in modern cetaceans. The structure of the backbone shows, however, that Ambulocetus swam like modern whales bymoving the rear portion of its body up and down, even though a fluke was missing. The large hind legs were used for propulsion in water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetus may have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea.(The Origins of Cetaceans)Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structureshows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up a nd down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.托福阅读句子简化题答案：3托福阅读句子简化题：highlighted sentence【Paragraph 1】Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primary function.Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ( Applied Arts and Fine Arts)○Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.○The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.○Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.○The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.托福阅读词汇题答案：1。
四年级句子缩写练习题
四年级句子缩写练习题
本文提供一系列四年级句子缩写练习题，旨在帮助学生提高对句子结构的理解和对缩写形式的熟悉程度。
以下是一些练习题，每题后面都有参考答案。
1. 爸爸去超市买了一个苹果和一盒牛奶。
答案：爸爸去超市买了一个苹果和一盒牛奶。
2. 我喜欢读书和写字。
答案：我喜欢读书和写字。
3. 小明每天早上骑自行车去学校。
答案：小明每天早上骑自行车去学校。
4. 她是一个非常聪明和勤奋的学生。
答案：她是一个非常聪明和勤奋的学生。
5. 我的妈妈是一名医生，她每天工作十二个小时。
答案：我的妈妈是一名医生，她每天工作十二个小时。
6. 弟弟喜欢吃苹果和橙子。
答案：弟弟喜欢吃苹果和橙子。
7. 我们班有三十个学生，其中十五个是男生。
答案：我们班有30个学生，其中15个是男生。
8. 小狗跑得很快，小猫跳得很高。
答案：小狗跑得很快，小猫跳得很高。
9. 星期六我和家人去了公园，玩得很开心。
答案：星期六我和家人去了公园，玩得很开心。
10. 哥哥喜欢踢足球和打篮球。
答案：哥哥喜欢踢足球和打篮球。
这些练习题旨在帮助学生通过缩写方式来简化句子，提高句子理解和语言表达的能力。
通过识别并正确使用句子缩写，学生们可以更准确地表达自己的意思，同时也能够更有效地进行书写和交流。
希望这些练习题对你的学习有所帮助！加油！。
托福句子简化题考察要点
托福句子简化题考察要点1. 托福句子简化题难道不就是在考验你能不能像孙悟空一样火眼金睛，一眼看穿句子的核心？比如说这个句子：“The library has a vast collection of books, including rare manuscripts and modern bestsellers, which attract scholars and casual readers alike.” 简化一下，你能迅速找出重点吗？2. 托福句子简化题难道不是在逼你像个精明的侦探，从复杂的线索中找出关键？就像这个：“The artist's latest exhibition showcases a diverse range of styles, from traditional to avant-garde, captivating the audiencewith its innovation.” 你能快速理清头绪吗？3. 托福句子简化题难道不是像走迷宫，看你能不能找到正确的出口？比如“The new policy has led to significant changes in the educational system, positively influencing students' learning experiences and future prospects.” 你能顺利走出来吗？4. 托福句子简化题难道不是像解一团乱麻，看你有没有本事理清楚？像“The company's expansion plans involve opening new branches in multiple cities and in vesting in advanced technology to stay competitive.” 你能搞定这团麻吗？5. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在大海里捞珍珠，看你能不能准确抓到那颗最亮的？比如“The scientific research project requires a team ofexperts from various fields, such as physics and chemistry, to collaborateand achieve breakthroughs.” 你能捞到吗？6. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一堆拼图中找出关键的那几块？比如说“The historical monument has survived through centuries, bearing witness to numerous significant events and cultural shifts.” 你能找出来吗？7. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在黑暗中寻找光明的那一丝线索？就像“The musical performance was a breathtaking spec tacle, combining stunning visuals and soul-stirring melodies.” 你能找到吗？8. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在茂密的森林中找出那条正确的小路？比如“The athlete's training regime is rigorous and demanding, involving intense workouts and strict diet control.” 你能找对吗？9. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在繁星中认出最亮的那颗？像“The novel presents a complex web of characters and their interwoven stories, keeping readers engaged until the very end.” 你能认出来吗？10. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在花丛中找出最美的那一朵？比如“The city's cultural festivals attract people from all walks of life, offering a vibrant showcase of art, music, and dance.” 你能找到吗？11. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在众多音符中找出那个主旋律？比如说“The documentary provides an in-depth look at the endangered species and the efforts to protect them.” 你能找出来吗？12. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一堆宝石中鉴别出最珍贵的那颗？就像“The fashion show featured cutting-edge designs and bold color combinations, setting new trends in the industry.” 你能鉴别出来吗？13. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一片混乱的色彩中找出主色调？比如“The tourist destination is renowned for its breathtaking natural beauty and rich historical heritage.” 你能找出来吗？14. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在一场混乱的辩论中抓住核心观点？比如说“The educational program aims to enhance students' critical thinking skills and creativity through various interactive activities.” 你能抓住吗？15. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一场暴风雨中找到那一丝宁静的方向？就像“The charity event raised a substantial amount of funds, makinga significant di fference in the lives of those in need.” 你能找到吗？16. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在满是迷雾的道路上寻找清晰的路标？比如“The technological innovation has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information.” 你能找到吗？17. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在汹涌的波涛中稳住自己的船舵？比如说“The art exhibition displayed works of emerging artists, showcasing their unique perspectives and talents.” 你能稳住吗？18. 托福句子简化题难道不像是在一片嘈杂的声音中听清那关键的话语？就像“The economic report presents a comprehensive analysis of market trends and potential challenges.” 你能听清吗？19. 托福句子简化题难道不是像在一片混沌中找到那点亮光？比如“Th e sports tournament attracted top athletes from around the world, generating intense excitement among fans.” 你能找到吗？20. 托福句子简化题难道不就像在一堆乱码中解读出真正的信息？比如说“The environmental campaign raised public awareness about the importance of conservation and sustainable p ractices.” 你能解读出来吗？。
句子缩写练习题四年级
句子缩写练习题四年级句子缩写练习题（四年级）一、什么是句子缩写？句子缩写是通过缩写单词或词组的方式，把复杂的句子缩短为简洁明了的形式。
句子缩写能够帮助我们更快地理解和记忆句子的含义。
二、句子缩写的常见规则1. 句子缩写通常使用首字母缩写的形式。
例如：I am a student. 可以缩写为 I am a s。
2. 句子缩写时，要保留句子的主要信息，缩写后的结果应该能够准确表达句子的意思。
三、句子缩写练习题1. What is your name?缩写为：W is y n?2. How are you today?缩写为：H are y t?3. I like playing football.缩写为：I l p f。
4. We are going to the park.缩写为：W are g t t p。
5. Can you help me with my homework?缩写为：C y h m w m h？6. She has a big house.缩写为：S h a b h。
7. My favorite color is blue.缩写为：M f c i b。
8. They are good friends.缩写为：T are g f。
9. Where is the library?缩写为：W is t l？10. I want to eat an apple.缩写为：I w t e a a。
四、句子缩写练习的好处通过进行句子缩写练习，我们可以提高对英语句子的理解能力，加深记忆，并能更快地完成课堂作业。
句子缩写还能帮助我们在日常交流中更加迅捷地表达自己的意思，提高语言表达的效率。
五、总结句子缩写是一种通过缩写单词或词组的方式，将复杂的句子简化为简洁明了的形式。
通过这种方式的练习，我们可以提高对英语句子的理解和记忆能力，同时也能够更加迅捷地进行日常交流。
希望以上的句子缩写练习题能够帮助你更好地掌握句子缩写的技巧。
三年级句子缩写专项训练题
三年级句子缩写专项训练题一、句子缩写专项训练题。
1. 美丽的蝴蝶在花丛中自由自在地飞舞。
解析：“美丽的”是修饰蝴蝶的形容词，“在花丛中”“自由自在地”是表示地点和状态的状语，可删去。
缩写为：蝴蝶飞舞。
2. 可爱的小燕子停在细细的电线上休息。
解析：“可爱的”修饰小燕子，“细细的”修饰电线，“停在……上”表示地点，可删去修饰成分。
缩写为：小燕子休息。
3. 奶奶在水井边用水桶打水。
解析：“在水井边”表示地点，“用水桶”表示方式，可删去。
缩写为：奶奶打水。
4. 一群活泼的小鱼在清澈的湖水中游来游去。
解析：“一群活泼的”修饰小鱼，“在清澈的湖水中”表示地点，“游来游去”可简化为“游”。
缩写为：小鱼游。
5. 清晨，温暖的阳光柔和地洒向大地。
解析：“清晨”是时间状语，“温暖的”修饰阳光，“柔和地”是状语，可删去。
缩写为：阳光洒向大地。
6. 五颜六色的花朵在微风中轻轻摇曳。
解析：“五颜六色的”修饰花朵，“在微风中”“轻轻”是状语，可删去。
缩写为：花朵摇曳。
7. 聪明的小明迅速地解答出了这道难题。
解析：“聪明的”修饰小明，“迅速地”是状语，可删去。
缩写为：小明解答出难题。
8. 茂密的森林里住着许多可爱的小动物。
解析：“茂密的”修饰森林，“许多可爱的”修饰小动物，可删去修饰成分。
缩写为：森林里住着小动物。
9. 宽阔的马路上行驶着各种各样的汽车。
解析：“宽阔的”修饰马路，“各种各样的”修饰汽车，可删去。
缩写为：马路上行驶着汽车。
10. 敬爱的老师认真地批改着同学们的作业。
解析：“敬爱的”修饰老师，“认真地”是状语，可删去。
缩写为：老师批改着同学们的作业。
11. 那只漂亮的翠鸟一动不动地注视着水面。
解析：“那只漂亮的”修饰翠鸟，“一动不动地”是状语，可删去。
缩写为：翠鸟注视着水面。
12. 古老的铜钟挂在大青树粗壮的枝干上。
解析：“古老的”修饰铜钟，“大青树粗壮的”修饰枝干，“挂在……上”表示地点，可删去修饰成分。
缩写为：铜钟挂在枝干上。
句子简化题
• In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions as the lowest levels of the forest, only signals that are themselves green and yellow will be bright enough to be seen in most areas.（逻辑错误）
• Although green and yellow would be the brightest colors near the forest floor, these colors would make poor signals whenever the forest background was also in the green-to-yellow range. (√)
• In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions as the lowest levels of the forest, only signals that are themselves green and yellow will be bright enough to be seen in most areas.（逻辑错误）
Sentence Simplifi. 5.
句子简化题解题步骤 通读全句 找出句子主干，梳理句子主要内容 寻找逻辑关系 选项对比（排除法） 选出正确答案
• 1.The west had plenty of attractions: the alluvial river bottoms, the fecund soils of the rolling forest lands, the black loams of the prairies were tempting to New England farmers working their rock, sterile land and to southeastern famers plagued with soil depletion and erosion. NOTE • Because the West had more rivers and forests than the East, its soil was more productive. （没有被吸引的对象farmers）
简化句子专项练习题
简化句子专项练习题
练题一
规定适当的缓冲区大小以提高性能。
练题二
请提供较准确的信息。
练题三
进行仔细的准备工作以。
练题四
在正式开始之前请保持安静。
练题五
我们应该反思并从错误中汲取教训。
练题六
请提出你的观点并支持你的论点。
练题七
确保提前安排好工作事项。
练题八
请在会议开始前检查并准备所需的文件。
练题九
面对困难，请保持积极乐观的态度。
练题十
请注意所有细节以避免错误发生。
练题十一
请用简明扼要的语言介绍你的观点。
练题十二
与他人合作并齐心协力以实现共同目标。
练题十三
保持专注并集中精力以提高效率。
练题十四
尊重他人的意见，即使你不同意。
练题十五
请确定所需的时间和资源。
练题十六
研究和发展你的技能以适应变化。
练题十七
重要的是要保持冷静和镇定。
练题十八
请在提交之前仔细检查并打印文件。
练题十九
确保明确的沟通并准备好解释。
练题二十
请根据实际情况做出明智的决策。
以上是一份简化句子的练习题，旨在提高句子表达的简洁性和流畅性。
请根据每个练习题的要求进行回答。
练习过程中，多加思考和探索，相信你的表达能力会有所提高。
加油！。
缩写句子的练习题六年级
缩写句子的练习题六年级1. 他会帮忙清洁房间吗？2. 我们喜欢在夏天去海滩游泳。
3. 星期五晚上，我们去看了一部很有趣的电影。
4. 他们每天都要花很多时间学习。
5. 我们应该尊重老师和其他学生。
6. 他最喜欢的科目是数学。
7. 她的梦想是成为一名音乐家。
8. 星期三是我的生日，我很兴奋。
9. 我们计划下个月去旅行。
10. 爸爸每天都要开车送我去学校。
首先，让我们来看看第一个句子。
"他会帮忙清洁房间吗？"，这句话可以使用缩写来简化。
我们可以将"帮忙"和"清洁"缩写为"帮"和"洁"。
因此，这个句子的缩写版本可以是"他会帮洁房间吗？"接下来是第二个句子。
"我们喜欢在夏天去海滩游泳。
"，我们可以将"喜欢"和"游泳"缩写为"欢"和"泳"。
所以，这个句子的缩写版本可以是"我们欢在夏天去海滩泳。
"第三个句子是"星期五晚上，我们去看了一部很有趣的电影。
"，我们可以缩写"星期五晚上"为"五晚"，"看了"为"看"。
因此，这个句子的缩写版本可以是"五晚，我们去看一部很有趣的电影。
"接下来是第四个句子。
"他们每天都要花很多时间学习。
"，我们可以将"每天"缩写为"每"，"要花很多时间"缩写为"要时"。
所以，这个句子的缩写版本可以是"他们每时学习。
"第五个句子是"我们应该尊重老师和其他学生。
"，我们可以将"尊重"和"其他"缩写为"尊"和"他"。
句子简化题 专项
句子简化题专项练习简单1.OG-1 The Origins of CetaceansWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.本句主干：The structure of the backbone shows本句逻辑：本句话翻译：脊椎的构造表明，她可以像现在鲸类一样上下移动身体尾部，尽管他没有尾巴2.OG-2 Desert FormationParagraph 10:Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. （请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.本句主干：The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected本句逻辑：本句话翻译：沙漠化的极端严重性，受到大片的土地和大量的人的影响，以及很困难去扭转或者减缓这一过程3.OG-5 Artisans and IndustrializationWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.○Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.本句主干：Apprentices were considered part of the family本句逻辑：本句话翻译：学徒通常被认为是家庭的一部分，师傅的责任不仅仅是教他们手艺还为他们提供教育和监督他们的品行道德4.OG-6 Swimming MachinesWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thein the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○These fishes often have a problem opening their mouths while swimming.○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.本句主干：opening the mouth to breathe本句逻辑：本句话翻译：一个潜在的问题是张开嘴呼吸会破坏鱼的流线型和减缓速度5.TPO 01 3 Timberline Vegetation on MountainsWhich of the sentences below best express the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likelyto be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.○As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.○The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increases with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.○Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.本句主干：Wind velocity also increases with altitude本句逻辑：本句话翻译：风速也随着高度的增加而增加，可能会引起树木的严重的压力，在高海拔地区的变形的形状是很明显的。
句子简化题
托福阅读——句子简化题Sentence Simplification 审题及思考我们先来看一下这类题目的提问方式：Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.下列哪个选项最准确地表达了文中所标记句子的关键信息（essential information）例题1 (TPO2-1)：of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form.A. Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affectslarge areas of land and great numbers of people.B. Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growththat has spread over large areas of land.C. The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only iflarge numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.D. Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in thevast areas affected.解题步骤一：找句子主干主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
(完整word版)托福句子简化题120
以下内容均为手打上传1。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space．(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光,而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3:the deep-ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句.句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2。
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth．（倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大,就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
1.6 句子简化题
1.6 句子简化题Which of the sentences below best express the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.1. Numerous insects occupy the marsh, feeding on living or dead cordgrass tissue, and redwing blackbirds, sparrows, rodents, rabbits, and deer feed directly on the cordgrass.A.Insects feed only on dead cordgrass, while most other marsh inhabitants feed onlive cordgrass.B.The marsh is a good habitat for insects, but a relatively poor one for birds andanimals.C.Although cordgrass provides food for birds and animals, it gives insects bothfood and a place to live.D.Cordgrass provides food for numerous insects, birds, and other animals.2. Wind velocity also increases with altitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.A.Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likely to beseriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.B.As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a seriousdecrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.C.The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, whichincrease with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.D.Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and thismay cause serious stress for trees.3. The temperature increased dramatically in a short period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth of the hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.A.The resources needed by the growing hunting and gathering populationincreased rapidly once temperatures rose.B.Dramatic temperature increases and the simultaneous growth of the huntingand gathering population led to the need for more resources.C.Higher temperatures led to the existence of increased resources, thus enablingthe hunting and gathering population to grow.D.The dramatic temperature increase occurred during the few years whenabundant resources allowed the hunting and gathering population to grow.4. In the long term, photography's impact on the visual arts was far from simple. Because the medium was so prolific, in the sense that it was possible to produce a multitude of images very cheaply, it was soon treated as the poor relation of fine art, rather than its destined successor.A.Photography did not replace other fine arts because people felt the imagelooked cheap in relation to the other arts.B.Photography was not considered a true art because people could use it to createmany images cheaply.C.Photography was so cheap and readily available that it could be purchased bypeople who were too poor to purchase fine art.D.Photography not only spread quickly but also was a cheap art form and sobecame true successor of fine arts rather than its poor relation.5. In addition to finding an increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.A.Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest helped him discoverareas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.B.Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with moreand better food.C.Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important to find additional open areas withsuitable browse for deer to inhabit.D.According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetationthat may someday improve the nutrition of deer in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.6. The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament.A.While stonewares and porcelains are found throughout most historical periods,religious sculpture is limited to the ancient period.B.Religious sculpture was created in most periods, but its history is less clear thanthat of stonewares or porcelains because some old forms continued to be used even when new ones were developed.C.While stonewares and porcelains changed throughout history, religious sculptureremained uniform in form and use.D.The historical development of religious sculpture is relatively unclear becausereligious sculptures sometimes resemble earthenware architectural ornaments.7. In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them—even while building materials have changed dramatically.A.Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that canbe made with materials discovered long ago.B.Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size andstrength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.C.When people first started to build, the structural methods used to providestrength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.D.Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have notchanged over time because they are based on physical laws.8. The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.A.Despite the current impressive size of the Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climatekeeps the rates of water addition very small.B.Although the aquifer has been adding water at the rate of only half a centimetera year, it will eventually accumulate enough water to fill Lake Huron.C.Because of the region’s present climatic conditions, water is being added eachyear to the aquifer.D.Even when the region experiences unfortunate climatic conditions, the rates ofaddition of water continue to increase.9. Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.A.Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who becamelost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.B.The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but theymay have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.C.Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would setout fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.D.The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well plannedrather than accidental as some people have proposed.10. For example, some early societies ceased to consider certain rites essential to their well-being and abandoned them, nevertheless, they retained as parts of their oral tradition the myths that had grown up around the rites and admired them for their artistic qualities rather than for their religious usefulness.A. A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its mythswere admired for artistic qualities.B.The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for a society toabandon it from the oral tradition.C.Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when ritesceased to be seen as useful for social well-being.D.Myths sometimes survived in a society’ s tradition because of their artisticqualities.E.。
小学三年级按要求改写句子 (简化题目)
小学三年级按要求改写句子 (简化题目)1. 原句：爸爸正在看电视。
改写句：爸爸正在观看电视。
2. 原句：我在公园里玩。
改写句：我正在公园里游戏。
3. 原句：妈妈正在厨房里做饭。
改写句：妈妈正在厨房里烹饪。
4. 原句：这个小狗很可爱。
改写句：这只小狗很可爱。
5. 原句：我们一起去购物吧。
改写句：咱们一起去购物吧。
6. 原句：她的生日是在九月。
改写句：她的生日在九月。
7. 原句：这个篮球场很大。
改写句：篮球场很大。
8. 原句：明天要去上学。
改写句：明天要去上学了。
9. 原句：小明昨天生病了。
改写句：小明昨天病了。
10. 原句：我喜欢吃冰淇淋。
改写句：我喜欢吃冰激凌。
11. 原句：我们在夏天去游泳。
改写句：我们在夏天游泳。
12. 原句：这个故事很有趣。
改写句：这故事很有趣。
13. 原句：那只小猫很聪明。
改写句：那只小猫很聪慧。
14. 原句：他的生日派对很好玩。
改写句：他的生日派对非常有趣。
15. 原句：这本书讲了一个故事。
改写句：这本书描写了一个故事。
16. 原句：他们在午饭时聊天。
改写句：他们在午饭时闲聊。
17. 原句：我和朋友一起打篮球。
改写句：我和朋友一起篮球。
18. 原句：我为你准备了礼物。
改写句：我为你准备礼物。
19. 原句：我们在大街上散步。
改写句：我们在大街上漫步。
20. 原句：这是我的房间。
改写句：这是我房间。
以上是按要求改写的句子，希望对您有帮助。
句子简化训练
avalanche: ice + snow + earth + rock -sliding ← Mt. or cliff
10. Sat. conflict. (grul & ploc.) → 30 injd. 5 shot dead, incl. a polcm.
11. assoctn. – govg. Body= council– making policy “– 40 mem. Elcd. At annl. G. M. 12.
For Reference
wkd, lbry open/n U, finish, term paper, <Mon
collective actn--- z w toge, obey laws, maintain order
1st ? , >< sts in :knowle (fo文顺序或使用原文词汇 Eg “When the People’s Republic of China was officially proclaimed on October 1, 1949, Beijing became its capital.” 可以记 为 “Bj→ capital, Oct. 1, 1949 . , new PRC.”。 3. 决定哪些是关键词和使用怎样的词序也会 因人而异，它是一项非常个性化的技能。
Exercise
Directions: in this section you will hear some sentences or short passages only once, reduce them to their key words. Use as few words as possible without causing confusion for changing their original meaning. Write the sentence reduction on your exercise-books.
句子结构修改练习
句子结构修改练习1. 句子简化有时候，我们写的句子可能较为复杂，不易理解。
因此，我们需要学会简化句子结构，以使读者能够更轻松地理解我们的意思。
举个例子：* 复杂句：由于天气对于农作物的影响不可忽视，因此农民需要密切关注天气预报。
* 简化句：农民需要密切关注天气预报，因为天气对于农作物产量有重要影响。
在简化句子的过程中，我们应该尽量避免使用过于复杂的从句和繁琐的修饰语。
简化后的句子更加清晰明了，读者可以更容易地理解我们的意思。
2. 句子变换句子的结构能够影响句子的表达效果。
我们可以通过变换句子结构来使句子更加生动有趣，增强表达的效果。
举个例子：* 原句：我非常喜欢在夏天的时候去海边度假。
* 变换后：夏天的时候，我喜欢去海边度假，感受阳光和海风。
通过变换句子的结构，我们增加了句子的形象感，使得读者更能够身临其境地感受到夏天在海边度假的美好。
3. 句子平衡在写作中，句子的平衡也是非常重要的。
过于简短或过于冗长的句子都会给读者留下不好的印象。
举个例子：* 过于简短的句子：她是个聪明的女孩。
她喜欢阅读。
* 过于冗长的句子：他是一个热爱运动的人，无论是足球、篮球还是网球，他总是积极参与并且从中受益。
在这两个例子中，我们需要给句子增加一些平衡感，使得句子的结构更加紧凑、准确。
总结通过改变句子结构，我们能够使句子更加简化、生动有趣，并且保持句子的平衡感。
这些技巧能够提升我们的写作表达能力，使得读者更容易理解我们的思想和意图。
因此，我们应该时刻关注句子的结构，灵活运用这些技巧来提升写作水平。
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句子简化题专项练习简单1.OG-1 The Origins of CetaceansWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Even though Ambulocetus swam by moving its body up and down, it did not have a backbone.○The backbone of Ambulocetus, which allowed it to swim, provides evidence of its missing fluke.○Although Ambulocetus had no fluke, its backbone structure shows that it swam like modern whales.○By moving the rear parts of their bodies up and down, modern whales swim in a different way from the way Ambulocetus swam.本句主干：The structure of the backbone shows本句逻辑：本句话翻译：脊椎的构造表明，她可以像现在鲸类一样上下移动身体尾部，尽管他没有尾巴2.OG-2 Desert FormationParagraph 10:Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. （请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Desertification is a significant problem because it is so hard to reverse and affects large areas of land and great numbers of people.○Slowing down the process of desertification is difficult because of population growth that has spread over large areas of land.○The spread of deserts is considered a very serious problem that can be solved only if large numbers of people in various countries are involved in the effort.○Desertification is extremely hard to reverse unless the population is reduced in the vast areas affected.本句主干：The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected本句逻辑：本句话翻译：沙漠化的极端严重性，受到大片的土地和大量的人的影响，以及很困难去扭转或者减缓这一过程3.OG-5 Artisans and IndustrializationWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Masters demanded moral behavior from apprentices but often treated them irresponsibly.○The responsibilities of the master to the apprentice went beyond the teaching of a trade.○Masters preferred to maintain the trade within the family by supervising and educating the younger family members.○Masters who trained members of their own family as apprentices demanded excellence from them.本句主干：Apprentices were considered part of the family本句逻辑：本句话翻译：学徒通常被认为是家庭的一部分，师傅的责任不仅仅是教他们手艺还为他们提供教育和监督他们的品行道德4.OG-6 Swimming MachinesWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in thein the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○These fishes often have a problem opening their mouths while swimming.○The streamlining of these fishes prevents them from slowing down.○The streamlining of these fishes tends to slow down their breathing.○Opening the mouth to breathe can reduce the speed of these fishes.本句主干：opening the mouth to breathe本句逻辑：本句话翻译：一个潜在的问题是张开嘴呼吸会破坏鱼的流线型和减缓速度5.TPO 01 3 Timberline Vegetation on MountainsWhich of the sentences below best express the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Because of their deformed shapes at high altitudes, trees are not likelyto be seriously harmed by the strong winds typical of those altitudes.○As altitude increases, the velocity of winds increase, leading to a serious decrease in the number of trees found at high altitudes.○The deformed shapes of trees at high altitudes show that wind velocity, which increases with altitude, can cause serious hardship for trees.○Increased wind velocity at high altitudes deforms the shapes of trees, and this may cause serious stress for trees.本句主干：Wind velocity also increases with altitude本句逻辑：本句话翻译：风速也随着高度的增加而增加，可能会引起树木的严重的压力，在高海拔地区的变形的形状是很明显的。
6.OG-3 Early Cinema（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Edison was more interested in developing a variety of machines than in developing a technology based on only one.○Edison refused to work on projection technology because he did not think exhibitors would replace their projectors with newer machines.○Edison did not want to develop projection technology because it limited the number of machines he could sell.○Edison would not develop projection technology unless exhibitors agreed to purchase more than one projector from him.本句主干：He refused to develop projection technology本句逻辑：本句话翻译：他拒绝生产投影仪，原因是如果他制造然后销售产品了，参展商只会购买一台而不是几个7.OG-4 AggressionWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○People who believe that they are fighting a just war act aggressively while those who believe that they are fighting an unjust war do not.○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified are more likely to act aggressively than those who believe differently.○People who normally do not believe that aggression is necessary and justified may act aggressively during wartime.○People who believe that aggression is necessary and justified do not necessarily act aggressively during wartime.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：8.OG-T1-1 Nineteenth-Century Politics in the United StatesWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Whigs were able to attract support only in the wealthiest parts of the economy because Democrats dominated in other areas.○Whig and Democratic areas of influence were naturally split between urban and rural areas, respectively.○The semisubsistence farming areas dominated by Democrats became increasingly isolated by the Whigs' control of the market economy.○The Democrats' power was greatest in poorer areas while the Whigs were strongest in those areas where the market was already fully operating.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：9.TPO 01 1 GroundwaterWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Surface tension is not strong enough to retain drops of water in rocks with large pores but it strong enough to hold on to thin films of water in rocks with small pores.○Water in rocks is held in place by large pores and drains away from small size pores through surface tension.○Small pores and large pores both interact with surface tension to determine whether a rock will hold water as heavy drops or as a thin film.○If the force of surface tension is too weak to hold water in place as heavy drops, the water will continue to be held firmly in place as a thin film when large pores exist.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：10.OG-T1-3 Geology and LandscapeParagraphWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○When they are relatively young, hills and mountains successfully resist the destructive forces of nature.○Although they seem permanent, hills and mountains exist for a relatively short period of geological time.○Hills and mountains successfully resist the destructive forces of nature, but only for a short time.○Hills and mountains resist the destructive forces of nature better than other types of landforms.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：11.OG T2-2 Loie FullerWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inout essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Fuller was more interested in dance’s visual impact than in its narrative or emotional possibilities.○Fuller used visual effects to dramatize the stories and emotions expressed in her work.○Fuller believed that the drama of her dancing sprang from her emotional style of storytelling.○Fuller’s focus on the visual effects of dance resulted from her early theatrical training as an actress.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：12.TPO 01 2 The Origins of TheaterWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○A society’s rites were more likely to be retained in the oral tradition if its myths were admired for artistic qualities.○The artistic quality of a myth was sometimes an essential reason for asociety to abandon it from the oral tradition.○Some early societies stopped using myths in their religious practices when rites ceased to be seen as useful for social well-being.○Myths s ometimes survived in a society’s tradition because of their artistic qualities even after they were no longer deemed religiously beneficial.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：13.TPO 03 1 ArchitectureParagraphWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○Unchanging physical laws have limited the size and strength of buildings that can be made with materials discovered long ago.○Building materials have changed in order to increase architectural size and strength, but physical laws of structure have not changed.○When people first started to build, the structural methods used to provide strength and size were inadequate because they were not based on physical laws.○Unlike building materials, the methods of support used in architecture have not changed over time because they are based on physical laws.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：14.TPO 06 1 Powering the Industrial RevolutionWhich of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in theimportant ways or leave out essential information．（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）○ Running water was the best power source for factories since it could keep machines operating continuously, but since it was abundant only in Lancashire and Scotland, most mills and factories that were located elsewhere could not be water driven.○The disadvantage of using waterpower is that streams do not necessarily flow in places that are the most suitable for factories, which explains why so many water-powered grain and textile mills were located in undesirable places.○Since machines could be operated continuously only where running water was abundant, grain and textile mills, as well as other factories, tended to be located only in Lancashire and Scotland.○ Running water was the only source of power that was suitable for the continuous operation of machines, but to make use of it, factories had to be located where the water was, regardless of whether such locations made sense otherwise.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：15.Costs of Quitting a JobIndustries with high concentrations of employment in urban areas, where a worker’s change of employer does not necessarily require investing in a change of residence, appear to have higher rates of job turnover than industries concentrated in nonmetropolitan areas do.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.（请写出错误选项错在哪里并在选项中标出）A.Workers in urban areas change jobs less frequently than do those innonmetropolitan areas because the costs associated with a change of residence are higher in urban areas.B.Industries located in urban areas experience higher rates of job turnoverthan do those in nonmetropolitan areas because workers can often change employers without having to change where they live.C.Industries located in urban areas tend to have lower rates of job turnoverthan do those in nonmetropolitan areas because they are more likely to invest in residences for workers.D.Workers in urban industries are likely to change jobs more frequently thanare those in nonmetropolitan industries because it is less costly for workers to change residences in urban than in nonmetropolitan areas.本句主干：本句逻辑：本句话翻译：。