首字母填空技巧

首字母填空阶梯训练法

不少同学经过长期艰苦的努力，可能仍达不到理想的训练效果，为了帮助同学们解决燃眉之急，在平时的教学中我采用了下面的“台阶式”教学法，而且经过试验，我发现这确实是比较有效的方法之一，对提高学生的解题能力很有帮助。具体做法如下：

Step1：掌握七种句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习，

掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。

(1) 对主语的判断

1. _______ are helpful to students. ( teach )

2. _______ is more important to me than money. ( healthy )

3. Some famous _______ are going to give lectures in our university in August. ( science)

4. _______ is my favorite sport. ( fish )

5. _______ stamps is my hobby. ( collect )

Key: 1. Teachers 2. Health 3. scientists 4. Fishing 5. Collecting

分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-３）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词（４-５）。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。

例如：

The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。

What I wanted was just your help. 句中What I wanted是一个带有连词what的句子，因此也可以作主语。

(2) 对谓语的判断

John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c________ over to him. “My boy,” she a_____ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_______ John. The woman b________ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_____ back to John and s______ angrily, “Didn’t you s______ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this

i_______ my house.”

Key: came asked answered began turned said say isn’t

分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。平时练习和周练中，我经常让学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。

(3) 对宾语的判断

1. Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast ________ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. ( develop )

2. The front is in great need of medical _____.( work )

3. Thank you for your _______. ( kind )

4. At last he sold his ______. ( invent )

Key: 1. development 2. workers 3. kindness 4. invention（s）

分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。

(4) 对表语的判断

1. It is ______ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible)

2. The sick man is getting ______. ( ill )

3. Patrick is going to be a(n) ______ when he grows up.(engine)

4. Such cold weather is quite _____ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （usually ）

5. It’s a ______ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ）

Key: 1. impossible 2. worse 3. engineer 4. unusual 5. pleasure

分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词

的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成to do ,doing 或done 的形式。

(5) 对定语的判断

1. The _______ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally)

2. On a _____ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly)

3. In ______ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze )

4. The French artist said, “It is my _____ time to visit Shanghai. I love

this city so much. ( one )

5. Most people don’t like ________ food. ( freeze )

6. Who is your ________ teacher? ( chemical )

Key: (1) final (2) clear (3) freezing (4) first (5) frozen (6) chemistry

分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修

饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是动词