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大学专业英语八级模拟考试卷(带答案)

大学专业英语八级模拟考试卷PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.Questioning Techniques—AskingQuestions EffectivelyⅠ. Successful communications: asking the right questions—improving many communication skills: e.g.1)collecting better 12)strengthening 23)dealing with people effectively4)helping others to learnⅡ. Techniques of putting forward questions and their effectsA. Open questions— 3 long answers—helping develop open conversation—including more 4—knowing the other's viewsB. Closed questions—answers being short, factual—being good for testing understandings, drawing a conclusion, and for 5—being avoided for 6C. Funnel questions—focusing on one point for more details—helping witnesses 7 the scene—arousing the interest and increasing the 8 of the listenerD. 9 questions—asking an example to help with understanding—asking extra information to 10 what is being said—making sure to get the whole story and 11 information from othersE. Leading questions—leading the hearer to your way of thinking e.g. adding a personal appeal ; giving a choice between two 12—getting your 13 without imposing the hearerF. 14 questions—statements being in question form actually—making the listener slip into 15 with youSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear TWO interviews. At the end of each interview, five questions will be asked about what was said. Both the interviews and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY. After each question there will be a ten-second pause. During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the choices.16、A. Distance themselves from the patient.B. Be direct and concrete.C. Use euphemisms to tell the patients what's happening to them.D. Hide the truth from the patient.17、A. You will die soon.B. The cancer has come back.C. You have a malignancy.D. Your liver has hypo-densities.18、A. Patients should be hided from all the information.B. Doctors make all the decisions themselves.C. The family of the patients make the decisions for the patients.D. Patients emphasize on autocracy.19、A. His experience with many cancer patients.B. His suffering of the mother's death.C. His conversation with a senior physician.D. His experience as an oncology trainee.20、A. Advertisements.B. Business talks.C. Entertainments.D. News.21、A. It produces a visual effect and makes the talk more dynamic.B. It makes the talk well delivered and more attractive to the audience.C. It helps the audience build their confidence and get involved in the talk.D. It helps the speaker get more chance of being employed.22、 A. It provides feedbacks to the talk. B. It can raise the audience's interest.C. It gives the presenter a logic mind.D. It amuses both the presenter and audience.23、A. Entertain the audience by telling jokes. B. Outline your main points to the audience.C. Find a clear and memorable conclusion.D. Say something that relevant to the subject.24、A. It is not as significant as the first and last parts.B. It is the least enjoyable part for every audience.C. It is a make-or-break moment for the presenter.D. It is memorable to most of the audience.25、A. Well arranged structures plus clear and enjoyable talking.B. A good start and a clear conclusion plus a detailed script.C. A long time explanation plus indulged audiences.D. A speech full of various anecdotes and analogies.PART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are several passages followed by fourteen multiple choice questions. For each multiple choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.PASSAGE ONEHistorians tend to date the birth of modern capitalism to the late sixteenth and early seventeen centuries, but to understand what actually occurred an important distinction must be made. Here are basically two types of capitalism: commercial and industrial. In commercial capitalism the capitalist is usually a merchant who invests money both in buying the raw material and in marketing the finished product one produced. In the case of wool cloth, for example, the merchant buys the raw wool; then either the merchant or the agent carries the wool to the artisans who spin, weave, and dye it in their shops or homes. They usually work by the piece and own or rent their equipment. When the cloth is finished, the merchant then sells the product; the merchant's profit lies in the difference between what the cloth cost to produce and the purchase price of the finished goods.This form of capitalism, with the merchant as capitalist, began in the Middle Ages and remained the dominant form for the production of industrial goods down to the eighteenth century. The economic boom of the sixteenth century did not significantly affect the way the goods were produced: what did change was the number of people engaged in producing. The production of industrial goods significantly increased in the sixteenth century because so many more independent producers were working for the merchant.Industrial capitalism, on the other hand, refers to investment in the modes or means of production. In this case the capitalist is not the merchant but the factory or mine owner. Investment in machines means more productivity per worker and more variety in products. In the sixteenth century a rapid surge in the amount of investment in machinery occurred in such areas as metalworking, glass making, paper production, coal mining and firearms manufacture. Although the output of goods provided by industrial capitalism climbed significantly after 1550, until the end of the eighteenth century commercial capitalism was responsible for most of the industrial production of Europe.PASSAGE TWOFrom a hillside, Kamal Saadat looked forlornly at hundreds of potential customers, knowing he could not take them for trips in his boat to enjoy a spring weekend on picturesque Oroumieh Lake, the third largest saltwater lake on earth, which now lay encased by solidifying salt. Saadat lamented that he could not understand why the lake was fading away.The long popular lake, home to migrating flamingos, pelicans and gulls, has shrunken by 60 percent and could disappear entirely in just a few years—drained by drought, misguided irrigation policies, development and the damming of rivers that feed it.Until two years ago, Saadat supplemented his income from almond-and grape-growing by taking tourists on boat tours. But as the lake receded and its salinity rose, he found he had to stop the boat every 10 minutes to unfoul the propeller—and finally, he had to give up this second job that he'd used to support a five-member family. The visitors were not enjoying such a boring trip, for they had to cross hundreds of meters of salty lakebed just to reach the boat from the wharf.Other boatmen, too, have parked their vessels by their houses, where they stand as sad reminders of the deep-water days. And the lake's ebbing affects an ever-widening circle.The receding water has also weakened hotel business and tourism activities in the area, and planned hotel projects remain idle since investors are reluctant to continue.Beyond tourism, the salt-saturated lake threatens agriculture nearby in northwest Iran, as storms sometimes carry the salt far afield. Many farmers worry about the future of their lands, which for centuries have been famous for apples, grapes, walnuts, almonds, onions, potatoes, as well as aromatic herbal drinks, candies and tasty sweet pastes.Official reports blame the drying mainly on a decade-long drought, and peripherally on consumption of water of the feeding rivers for farming. They put 5 percent of the blame on construction of dams and 3 percent on other factors.The first alarm over the lake's shrinking came in late 1990s amid a nagging drought. Nonetheless, the government continued construction of 35 dams on the rivers which feed the lake; 10 more dams are on the drawing boards for the next few years. Also completed was a lake-crossing roadway. No environmental feasibility study was done in the planning for the road, and environmentalists believe the project worsened the lake's health by acting as a barrier to water circulation.In April, the Iranian government announced a three-prong effort to save the lake: a cloud-seeding program to increase rainfall in the area, a lowering of water consumption by irrigation systems, and supplying the lake with remote sources of water.Some experts termed the weather control portion of the program as only a "symbolic action" by government, saying the best answer would be to release more water currently being held back by dams. The evaporation rate has been three times the rainfall rate, making the rivers' historic role vital to sustaining the lake.In the green and beautiful city of Oroumieh, famous for peaceful coexistence between Azeri people, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians as well as Muslims and Christians, talk about the fate of the lake is common among ordinary people in teahouses and on the streets. Some express happiness with the government decision to manipulate clouds in hopes of increasing rainfall. However, many locals called the cloud-seeding plan "a show", and the water held back by those dams was the solution.Beyond the debates by national and local authorities some folks here suggest another way Oroumieh could be saved. A local legend says wild purple gladiolas have had a miraculous role in doing just that. The flowers have grown every year for a thousand years in the spot where a princess of Oroumieh was killed as she warned the people of the city about an invading enemy. As a recent sunset turned the lake golden, Kamal the boatman tried to find some hope in the returning blossoms."You see, still wild purple gladiolas are appearing in the spring," he said. "The city and its lake can eventually survive."PASSAGE THREEEvery silver lining has its cloud. At the moment, the world's oceans absorb a million tonnes of carbon dioxide an hour. Admittedly that is only a third of the rate at which humanity dumps the stuff into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels, but it certainly helps to slow down global warming. However, what is a blessing for the atmosphere turns out to be a curse for the oceans. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water it forms carbonic acid. At the moment, seawater is naturally alkaline—but it is becoming less so all the time.The biological significance of this acidification was a topic of debate among scientists. Many species of invertebrate have shells or skeletons made of calcium carbonate. It is these, fossilized, that form rocks such as chalk and limestone. And, as anyone who has studied chemistry at school knows, if you drop chalk into acid it fizzes away to nothing. Many marine biologists therefore worry that some species will soon be unable to make their protective homes. Many of the species most at risk are corals. The end of the Permian period, 252m years ago, was marked by the biggest extinction of life known to have happened on Earth. At least part of the cause of this extinction seems to have been huge volcanic eruptions that poured carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. But some groups of animals became more extinct than others. Sponges, corals and brachiopods were particularly badly hit.Rather than counting individual species of fossils, which vary over time, paleontologists who study extinction usually count entire groups of related species, called genera. More than 90% of Permian genera of sponges, corals and brachiopods vanished in the extinction. By contrast, only half of the genera of mollusks and arthropods disappeared.This is because mollusks and arthropods are able to buffer the chemistry of the internal fluids from which they create their shells. This keeps the acidity of those fluids constant. Sponges, corals and brachiopods, however, cannot do this.The situation at the moment is not as bad as it was at the end of the Permian. Nevertheless, calculations suggest that if today's trends continue, the alkalinity of the ocean will have fallen by half a pH unit by 2100. That would make some places, such as the Southern Ocean, uninhabitable for corals. Since corals provide habitat and food sources for many other denizens of the deep, this could have a profound effect on the marine food web.No corals, no sea urchins and no who-knows-what-else would be bad news indeed for the sea. Those who blithely factor oceanic uptake into the equations of what people can get away with when it comes to greenhouse-gas pollution should,perhaps, have second thoughts.PASSAGE FOURTransplanting organs brings life to the dying. But most donor organs are harvested from the dead. Shortfalls in the number of volunteer donors, the difficulty of gaining the consent of grieving relatives, and a reduction in most countries of the rate of fatal road accidents (the most reliable source of healthy organs), mean that there is a constant lack of them. Thousands die each year while on waiting lists for transplants. Researchers have, therefore, long sought ways to boost supply.One idea is to harvest animal organs. That is less mad than it sounds. A liver, a kidney or a cornea does the same job, regardless of species. And it works. In 1984 an American child lived for three weeks after receiving a baboon heart intended as a stopgap until a human donor could be found (unfortunately, one was not found in time). Conversely, human organs have been transplanted into animals for the purpose of research. Earlier this year, for example, a paper in the American Journal of Transplantation described moving kidneys from human fetuses into rats.Until now, though, two technical problems have stood in the way of routinely transplanting animal organs into people. One is that the recipient's immune system must be persuaded to tolerate a big chunk of foreign tissue. The other is that swapping tissues between species risks swapping diseases, too. This second problem may soon be addressed, if George Church of the Harvard Medical School has his way. For, as he and his colleagues describe this week in Science, genetic engineering can now be used to eliminate one of the most worrying types of pathogen that might be spread via transplants.The animal most commonly suggested as a donor is the pig. Pigs are roughly the size of human beings. They are reasonably well understood. And millennia of experience mean they are easy to breed. But they are not perfect. In particular, their DNA is full of retroviruses, known specifically as porcine endogenous retroviruses, or PERVs. The genes of these viruses hitch a lift from one pig generation to another as an integral part of the porcine genome, whence they can break out and cause infection. And tests in laboratories suggest that, given the opportunity, they can infect human cells as well. The existence of PERVs, then, has been one of the main obstacles to transplanting pig organs into people.Dr Church and his colleagues thought PERVs ideal candidates to test the mettle of one of the rising stars of biotechnology, CRISPR/Cas9. This is a gene-editing technique derived from bacteria, which use it as a sort of immune system. In nature, it recognises specific sequences of viral DNA and chops the DNA molecule apart at these points, protecting the bacterium from harm. Tweaked a bit in the laboratory, it can be made to recognise any DNA sequence and do likewise. This permits specific stretches of DNA to be deleted from genomes, and also allows new stretches to be inserted into the gap thus created.Dr Church and his fellow researchers analysed the genetic sequences of one family of PERVs, with a view to attacking them with CRISPR/Cas9. They found that the sequence of the gene which lets the virus integrate itself into its host's DNA is the same from one strain of virus to another. That allowed them to program aCRISPR/Cas9 system to look for this particular sequence and chop it out of the genome.The porcine kidney cells Dr Church used for his experiments had 62 PERVs embedded in their genomes. He and his colleagues tested their molecular scissors on several lines of these cells. In the most responsive, they managed to stop out all 62 copies of the integration gene.Since PERVs rely on this gene to infect human cells as well as porcine ones, deleting it should stop them jumping into human hosts. Sure enough, tests in Petri dishes showed that the modified pig cells did not infect human cells grown alongside them. And, despite the extensive edits made to their DNA, those pig cells seemed unharmed by the procedure.A single paper does not make a new medical procedure. In particular, the editing would need to be done to sex cells, or their precursors, if actual lines of "clean" pigs were to be bred for use as organ donors. But this is still a striking result. Not only does it demonstrate that it is possible to cleanse animal cells of unwanted viral passengers, thus helping remove one of the big barriers to cross-species organ transplants; it also shows the power of a genetic-engineering technique that has existed for only three years. However, the popularity of such techniques waxes and wanes. This year's favourite can be next year's also-ran. For now, though, CRISPR/Cas9 is on a roll.26、The phrase "work by the piece" in the first paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. mass productionB. efficient productionC. small-scale productionD. full production27、The first paragraph of this passage is mostly about ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. products produced under industrial capitalismB. how commercial capitalism operatesC. how industrial capitalism operatesD. the economic boom of the sixteenth century28、According to the passage, commercial capitalism dominated the European economy until the ______.(PASSAGE ONE.A. Middle AgesB. sixteenth centuryC. beginning of the eighteenth centuryD. end of the eighteenth century29、The ebbing of the Oroumieh Lake does NOT affect ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the locals' second jobB. agricultureC. the salt productionD. hotel business and tourism activities30、The author's attitude towards the three-prong effort announced by the Iranian government is ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. favorableB. ambiguousC. criticalD. reserved31、Kamal's words at the end of the passage imply that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. purple gladiolas were found around the lakeB. purple gladiolas could save the lakeC. the locals hoped the lake would not diminishD. the locals were sure of the lake's survival32、The message the author attempts to convey throughout the passage is that ______.(PASSAGE TWO)A. the Oroumieh Lake is in dangerB. the home to migrating animals is vanishingC. humans' behavior is harmful to natureD. local tourism business has been hurt33、The sentence "Every silver lining has its cloud" in the first paragraph probably means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. there is always a difficult side to a hopeful situationB. there is always a comforting side to a sad situationC. there is always a chink of light before the sun comes pouring inD. visible water vapor floating in the sky can join up to make a silver line34、The word "brachiopod" in the third paragraph means ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. a kind of invertebratesB. a kind of marine mammalsC. a kind of colonial plantsD. a kind of aquatic vertebrates35、Which category of writing does the passage belong to?(PASSAGE THREE.A. Narration.B. Description.C. Persuasion.D. Exposition.36、The best title for the passage is ______.(PASSAGE THREE.A. Global WarmingB. Sour TimesC. Carbon DioxideD. Ocean Acidity37、Which of the following factors did NOT partially cause the shortage of donor organs?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. There is a decreasing number of volunteer donors.B. It's hard to gain the consent of grieving relatives of the dead.C. The rate of fatal road accidents is reducing.D. The number of healthy organs is decreasing.38、What does the word "swap" mean in the third paragraph?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. Exchange.B. Insert.C. Delete.D. Cure.39、Which of the following statements about CRISPR/Cas9 is true?(PASSAGE FOUR)A. It is a sort of immune system.B. It can be used to generate new genes.C. It can be used to edit genes by deleting specific stretches of DNA.D. It will help to remove all barriers in cross-species organ transplants.40、SECTION B SHORT-ANSWER QUESTIONSIn this section there are eight short-answer questions based on the passages in SECTION A. Answer each question in NO more than 10 words in the space provided on ANSWER SHEET TWO.What is the main idea of this passage?(PASSAGE ONE.41、In the eyes of many locals, what is the best way to save the Oroumieh Lake?(PASSAGE TWO)42、What does the word "alkaline" mean in the first paragraph?(PASSAGETHREE.43、Why are corals crucial to deep-sea ecosystems?(PASSAGE THREE.44、What is the author's main purpose of writing this passage?(PASSAGE THREE.45、What caused the death of the American child in 1984?(PASSAGE FOUR)46、Why are pigs most commonly suggested as organ donors?(PASSAGE FOUR)47、How does the author feel about the paper written by George Church and his colleagues?(PASSAGE FOUR)PART ⅢLANGUAGE USAGEThe passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided atthe end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordyou believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "—" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.During interpretation, short-term memory operations occurcontinually. Some are due to the lag between the moment speech 48sounds heard and the moment they are interpreted: 49phonemic segments may have to be added up in memory and 50analyzed when they allow identification of a word or phoneme. To 51take only one example, when spelling an unknown foreign nameand saying "D as in Denmark," the phonetic elements carrying"D" may have to be held in memory until the word "Denmark" isrecognized, which in turns makes it possible to recognize it as a 52D opposed to a T. Other short-term memory operations are 53associated with the time it takes to produce speech, during whichthe idea or information to be worded is presented in memory. Still 54others may be due to specific characteristics of a given speaker orspeech: if the speech is unclear because of its logic, informationdensity, unusual linguistic structure, or speaker's accent,interpreters may wish to wait for a while before reformulating it(in simultaneous)or taking notes (in consecutive), so as to havemore time and a large context to deal with the comprehension and 55reformulation problems.Clearly, short-term memory operations fall under thecategory of automatic operations because they include the storage 56of information for later use. One might add that storedinformation changes both from one speech to another or during 57every speech as it unfolds, and that both stored informationquantities and storage duration can vary from moment tomoment, so that there is little chance for repetition of identicaloperations with sufficient frequency to allow automation of theprocesses.PART ⅣTRANSLATIONTranslate the following text from Chinese into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.58、“干什么的?”老太太问。

(外语类考证)专八模拟试卷题及答案

1、Three British soldiers were killed in ______.A．the tanker attackB．a fighting happened in a Shia cityC．a blast happened in al-AmarahD．the battle with Shia gunmern2、We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not. The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don't develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists' suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immuue response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drag that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to sac charin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.Laudenslager's experiment showed that the immune system of those rats who could turn off the electricity ______.A.was strengthenedB.was not affectedC.was alteredD.was weakened3、SECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：INTERVIEWER: Newspapers seem sort of impersonal.., but radio and TV—there are personalities involved. Isn't there a lot more possibility that since there are personalities involvedit will have a greater impact on people's reactions?DANIEL: Well, I think you have to first start with the understanding that no person is unobjective. We're all striving to be objective, but we have our own prejudice. It's build in. And so, even the person who writes the story in the newspaper lets that bias come through in his pen. Of course, when we arc personally on camera, we're trying to stick pretty closely to a script. that we have already written.INTERVIEWER: Uhm....DANIEL: But sometimes, perhaps in an ad, although we try to avoid as much of that as possible—some of our prejudice or bias will show, even though we're striving not to let it show. INTERVIEWER: Uh... but when people read a newspaper article, it's kind of cold.DANIEL: Right, that's true.INTERVIEWER: It could be... it could be a real exciting story, and all you can do is put exclamation marks. But when you see a person that...DANIEL: I see what you're saying.INTERVIEWER: I started to say that the particular biases of a person can come through more readily. DANIEL: I think it's something you have to guard against. It would be wrong for that to happen. But, yes, I think what you're saying is true—that in trying to interpret the words that are on the script, I might.., in my voice or in my expression show some type of reaction to it. Uh... probably, would be more of a reaction than it would of an interpretation—although the voice implies an interpretation when you read any group of words.INTERVIEWER: Right.DANIEL: I guess the idea is to make that sentence not so bland, but so—leave out adjectives, leave out adverbs so that you deal just with nouns and verbs, and in that way, you keep it as straight as you possibly can.INTERVIEWER: How do you see yourself, primarily—other than reporting the news?Uh... are you an entertainer?DANIEL: No. No, I don't think I'm an entertainer. I think, perhaps, the sports man might be an entertainer of sort—although he has a journalistic function too. I see myself as a public servant. Uh... the same as... a policeman or a mayor might be providing information to people that they need in their lives to... to live their life, to make decisions and so forth.INTERVIEWER: But you are conscious, of course,... when you go before the cameras, that... that you're in a situation....DANIEL: Right.INTERVIEWER: ... uh... where there must be people that are viewing you as someone—DANIEL: Because of your visibility, you become a somewhat of a celebrity in that sense, and I don't know—I try to play that down, so that doesn't become a thing with me.INTERVIEWER: Uh-uhm...DANIEL: Because I think that's probably the biggest problem in our profession—the biggest temptation is to get a big head. And while you need confidence in order to do your job— it's a... it's a high-pressure job, so you need confidence—you get too much of that confidence, and that begins to come across the tube.INTERVIEWER: Right....DANIEL: ... as you're kind of a know-it-all, or you think yourself more important than you really should be. And I think that would be dealt with by the viewer. After a while, they'll just turn youoff. They'll say, "I don't want to watch that cocky so-and-so any more!"INTERVIEWER: Some newspapers, I suppose, some TV stations, have had the reputation for reporting, for sensationalizing.DANIEL: That's true. There are several markets in the countA.All media people try to be objective.B.All people have some prejudice.C.Unlike radio and TV, newspapers are impersonal.D.People cannot avoid showing their bias.4、The passage suggests that the author would be likely to agree with which of the following statements about the social structure of eighteenth-century. American society? Ⅰ. It allowed greater economic opportunity than it did social mobility. Ⅱ. It permitteA.I and Ⅳonly.B.Ⅱand Ⅲonly.C.Ⅲand Ⅳonly.D.Ⅰ, Ⅱand Ⅲonly.5、In the United Kingdom, is the real source of power.A.the Privy CouncilB.the MonarchC.the House of LordsD.the House of Commons6、In Anglo-Saxon period, "Beowulf" represented the ______ poetry.A.paganB.religiousC.romanticD.sentimental7、The oldest newspaper in Australia isA. The Sydney Morning Heraid．B. The Australian．C. The Australian FinanciaZ Review．D. Geelong Advertiser．8、How much will Ford provide as pension funds to the employees of Jaguar and Land Rover?A.$600m.B.$10bn.C.$2. 5bn.D.25009、A serious outcome brought out by the shortage of resources is that ______.A．many public institutions have to cut down enrollments of studentsB．teachers are not qualified enough for satisfactory performance in classesC．some institutions have to reduce the expenses on researchD．there is keen competition for resources and attention of faculty between public and private institutions10、SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answerthe questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：About 200 years ago, the United States economy was growing quickly, mainly because a booming trade in grain and cotton. This trade of grain and cotton went on near areas near or at the coast, or near navigable rivers. It took place there because it was so expensive to transport goods over the roads that existed. They were muddy, narrow, and hard to travel on. At that time, don't forget there was only one continuous road that existed in the U. S. , and it was made up of north to south local country roads, linked together to get one long road. Within a short time, the first east-to-west roads were built. They were called turnpikes. Private companies built these roads, and collected fees from all vehicles traveled on them. Eventually, a network of dirt, gravel or plank roadways connected some major cities and towns. But even these turnpike roads were still very slow, and traveling on them was too costly for farmers. They would spend more money to move their crops than they got by selling them. So, we see that even with some major improvement in roadways, farmers still had to rely on rivers to move their crops to markets. What's the news mainly about?A．The advantages of an economy based on farming.B．Reasons farmers continued using river transportation.C．The role of cotton in the United States economy.D．Improved methods of transporting farm crops.【答案】1～5：CBCBD6～10：AAABB。

专业八级模拟题.docx

专业八级・1024(总分105,考试时间90分钟)PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture ・Writing Experimental ReportsL Content of an experimental report, e. g ・一 study subject/area—study purpose -- (1)一 providing details—regarding readers as (2)III. Structure of an experimental report—feature ： highly structured and (3)一 sections and their content: INTRODUCTION (4) : why you did itMETHOD how you did itRESULTS what you found out (5) what you think it showsIV. Sense of readership一 (6) : reader is the marker (7) : reader is an idealized, hypothetical, intelligentperson with little knowledge of your study —tasks to ftilfillin an experimental report:—introduction to relevant area—necessary background information—development of clear arguments—definition of technical terms一 precise description of data (8)V. Demands and expectations in report writing一 early stage:understanding of study subject/area and its implications一 basic grasp of the report's format——later stage:一 (9) on research significanee一 things to avoid in writing INTRODUCTION:—inadequate material一 (10) of research justification for the study1.该题您未冋答:X 该问题分侑：1答案:study result/findings ［听力原文］1-10Writing experimental reportsGood morning, everyone. Today well discuss some preliminaries concerning how to write(1) ______ ⑵ _____ (3) _____ ⑷ ______ (5) _____ (6) ______ ⑺ ______ (8) _____ (9) _____ (10) _____experimental reports. When you first signed up for a course in university like a psychology course, chances are that you didn't really expect what was coming in your study, particularly the course emphasis on methodology and statistics. For a few of you, this may have come as a pleasant surprise, provided that yoifvc already known something about the course・ For most, however, I dare say it will undoubtedly have been a shock to the system. No doubt in other parts of your course study T you will read books and journals examining critically models in theories, assumptions and hypothesis put toward by scholars and specialists. My task today is to help you understand some of the important features of the experimental reports, because you will have to write up some kind of report of this nature if your course gives prominence to practical work, especially experimenting・(1) Then what is an experimental report? All report is, really, is the place in which you tell the story of your study, like what you did, why you did it, what you found out in the process and so on. In doing this, you are more like an ancient story teller, whose stories were structured in accordanee with widely recognized and long established conventions than the modem novelist who is free to dictate form as well as content. Moreover, like the story teller of old, although you will inevitably be telling your story to someone who knows quite a bit about it already, you are expected to present it as if it had never been heard before. (2)This means that you'll need to spell out the details and assume little knowledge of the area on the part of your audience・Then perhaps you may ask what is the nature of the conventions governing the report. A clue I think can be found in its basic structure. (3)A highly structured and disciplined report is written in sections, and the sections by and large follow an established sequence. What it means is that, in the telling your story is to be cut up into chunks・ Different parts of the story are to appear in different places in the report. (4)What you did and why you did it appear in the section called introduction. How you did it is in the method section, and what you found out is in the result section. And finally, (5)vvhat you think it shows appears in the discussion part. As you can say, the report therefore is a formal document composed of series of sections in which specific information is expected to appear. We will discuss the precise conventions governing each section as wc go along, for example, what arc the subsections in the method.But today, I will introduce to you certain general rules straight away. The first of this concerns: the person to whom you should address your reports whom I should call your reader・(6)A very common mistake, especially early on, is to assume that your reader is the person who will be marking the report.(7) In reality, however, the marker will be assessing your report on behalf of someone else, an idealized, hypothetical person who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your study and the area in which you took place・ Your marker will, therefore, be checking to see that you have written your report with this sort of reader in mind, (8)so you need to make sure that you have, 1) introduced the reader to the area relevant to your study; 2) provided the reader with the background necessary to understand what you did and why you did it; 3) spelt out and developed your arguments clearly; 4) defined technical terms and 5) provided precise details of the way which you went about collecting and analyzing the data that you obtained .In short, you should write for someone who knows little about your area of study, taking little for granted about your reader's knowledge of your area of study ・ So when in doubt, spell it out.This is my advice to you, If you find this difficult to do, then the useful approach is to write the report as if it will be read by someone you know, who is intelligent but unknowledgeable about your subject, a friend of yours say. Write it as if this pers on were going to have to read and un dersta nd it. Indeed, it is a good idea, if you can, to give just such a person to read your report before hand it in. The dema nds and expectatio ns placed upon you, will of course, vary with your experience of report writing. Early on in your study, as the author of the experimental reports, less will be expected of you than latter. At this early stage, you will be expected mainly to show that you understand what you did in your report and its implications, together with evidence that you have, at least a basic grasp of the demands of the report's format. (9)Later on, however, you will be expected to pay more attention tothis research significance of what you did. The "why you did it" part will become more important because in being responsible for the choice of the topic and design, you will be expected to be able to justify this choice• So you must be able to tell us why it is that gave the options available to you, you decided to conduct your particular study. You will need, therefore, to develop the habit of thinking about how the ideas that you are entertaining for your experiment or study will look in the report, pay particular attention to how they will fit into the part of introduction.Specific dangers that you must watch out for here are, (lO)first, a lack of adequate material to put in the section, and second, the undertaking of a project that lacks any research justification because it is based on the assumptions that are contradicted by existing findings in the area ・ Thin king clearly in advance will help you to avoid making these mistakes.Ok, today, we've had a brief look at the format of an experimental report, what each section is about and some of the basic issues like reader awareness, so on and so forth. Next time，we will discuss how to write up the introductio n sect io n.2.该问题分值:1 答案:unknovvledgeable audiences3.该题您未冋答:x该问题分值:1答案:disciplined4.该题您未冋答:x该问题分值：1答案:what you did5.该题您未回答:x该问题分值:I答案:DISCUSSION该题您未冋答:X6.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分fft: 1答案:a common mistake7.该题您来冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:in reality8.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分们I: 1答案:collecting and analyzing9.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:focus/cmphasis10.该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:lackSECTION B11.Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned by Edward in choosing the location1' of a house? A・Way of life one enjoys leading.B.Proximity to the work place.C.Convenienee of other family members.D.Distance from relatives and friends.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:D[听力原文]1-5W: Today I'd like to welcome Edward Fox, a seasoned real-estate age nt, who is going to talk to us about buying a house・ Hello, Edward, good to see you.M: Hello.W: Now Edward, I think for most people buying a house is a major life event, and probably the single most expensive item they are ever likely to buy. What precautions do they have to take before a real purchase? Can you give some suggestions?M: You are right in saying buying a house costs a lot. But as to me, the most important thing to consider before buying any property is the location.W: Location?M: Right. Because it is where you plan to spend a large part of your lifb. O匚indeed, the rest of your life in some circumstances.「l]Therefbre, consider the type of lifb you enjoy leading. If you are a very sociable person who enjoys nightclubs and discos, you may consider something close to a city. Anyway, a city is convenient for all types of nightlife.W: Then, for those who like to seek a quiet life, do you recommend a house in the countryside?M: Well, countryside is a tranquil place. [1 [However」do remember that proximity to the place of work also counts. [2]Indeed、we spend most of our lifb at work and you don't want to have to spend two or more hours every day traveling to work、do you?W: Absolutely.M: Therefore, transport is of the utmost importa nee.」2]City suburbs, however, are ofte n conveniently located fbr commuting to work, or for shopping, without being in the heart of a busy city. W: But houses in the suburbs are far more expensive than those in cities.M: [3 ]They seem to bc, but actually houses located in cities can often exceed the price of suburban houses、so check out the prices. You may be surprised.W: Really? So we should consider our place of work and personality in choosing the location. Is that so? M: I'm afraid you have to take family into con sideration as well. You may prefer a house that is away from a busy street or main road. And of course, remember that children have to attend school. If you have children, or you plan to have children, location is a very important factor. And of course, [1 [remember that a family influences the size of the DroDcrty・W: Oh, I see. How many types of houses can we choose?M: There arc various types of houses・ The first is called detached houses, which stand alone, and arc not joined by another building. The n there are semi-detached houses, which are the most comm on. This is because they are, in fact, two houses joined together, and therefore take up less space・ And there are town houses, too, which are many houses joined together to form a long row. But 1 don't think that town houses arc less expensive than semi- detached houses・ They rarely arc. [3]This is because they are usually built in cities where the price of the property is very expensive・ W: Then what about old houses? They must be cheaper than new ones.M: Maybe they are. But if the house is too old, you may be faced with expe nsive repairs and renovation bills. |~4]So have a house thoroughly checked by a professional surveyor befbre you decide to buv.W: I agree. It's economical to buy old houses only when they arc in good condition. By the way, a lot of property has a garden attached to it. Do you think it's a good choice?M: Ifs true that a lot of property has a garden .If you enjoy gardening, thafs fine. But if you don't enjoy gardening then you may prefer a small garden, as opposed to a big one. But even if you do enjoy gardening it is important to remember that gardens take up a lot of your time. So keeping a garden in good order may be very difficult if you work long hours・W: You are quite right. Any other suggestions?M: |~5]One final thing is the general fbel of the place・ Does it have a good atmosphere? And most important of all would YOU fbcl comfbrtablc living there?W: Edward, I never knew I had to consider so many things while buying a house・ Thank you very much for talking with us.M: My pleasure・12.According to Edward, which of the following is CORRECT?A.A sociable person is suitable to live in the city suburbs・B.Suburban houses are more expensive than houses in cities.C・ City suburbs are conveniently located for commuting to work.D. City suburbs arc popular among the young gcncration.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:C13.Why are the town houses rarely less expensive than semi -detached houses?A.Because they are usually built on expensive property.B.Because they take too much space in cities・C.Because they have larger room for price to go up.D・ Because they are built luxuriously and elegantly.A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分侑：1答案:A14.If you decide to buy an old house, you'd betterA.have a professional surveyor check it thoroughly.B.have the owner repair and renovate it thoroughly.C・ find out the remaining life expectancy of the house・D.check all things yourself to make sure they work well.A B C D ~该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:A15.What is Edward's idea about the size of a garden attached to a house?A.The bigger, the better.B.The smaller, the better.C・ It depends on the owner's preferenee and time・D・ It depends on the size of the house・A B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:CSECTION CA B C D 该题您未冋答:x ［听力原文］The United States has strongly criticized the broadcast of previously unseen images of alleged prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison in Iraq. The images, which show prisoners apparently being tortured and humiliated, have been shown on television stations across the world. The American Defense Department confirmed the authenticity of the pictures, but said releasing them could only serve to incite unnecessary violence・ The American authorities arc very unhappy that these new disturbing images from Abu Ghraib have seen the light of day. The State Department has dismissed them as disgusting and defended the US government's decision to try and stop their publication・17.Salman Rushdie is _____ by origin.A.BritishB. AmericanC.IndianD. IranianA B C D该题您未冋答:x 该问题分值：1答案:C［听力原文］9-10President Clinton has met at the White House with British author Salman Rushdie, who has been under a death sentence issued by Iran for his book Satanic Vcrscs.White House officials confirm the President met briefly with Mr Rushdie, Wednesday .It was their first such meeting. A White House official, who was asked not to be identified, said the Indian・bom author spent just under an hour here・ He said U. S. officials assured Mr Rushdie the administration supports freedom of expression and he reiterated the U. S. call for Iran to lift its death edict against Mr Rushdie・ At the same time the U・ S・ official pointed out the U.S. call on Iran should not be misinterpreted as opposition to Islam but opposition to intolerance and state-supported murder. Mr Rushdie has been in hiding for four years but appeared unexpectedly at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to receive an honorary post as visiting Professor of the Humanities. Iran has charged Satanic Verses is blasphemous・考杳学生对新闻屮Indian-born和试题屮by origin的理解。

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析(1)

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析（1）(1~16/共26题)Play00:0010:52Volume第1题The American Two-party System I. Introduction A. the oldest political【T1】______ around the world【T1】______ B. the classical example of two-party system: the American political system —the dominant parties: the Democratic and the【T2】______ parties【T2】______ —the two-party system survived all attempts to assaults C. About dozen parties that nominate【T3】______【T3】______ D. Americans inevitably become one of the two parties because —there is usually no other place to go —most Americans know where they【T4】______ in the system【T4】______ II. Two-party system is so strongly【T5】______ because【T5】______ A The way【T6】______ are conducted: the Americans elect【T6】______ —【T7】______【T7】______ —about 800,000 of other【T8】______,【T8】______ —the congressman from single-member districts B. Organization of the House of Representatives ensures that —major party can maintain its【T9】______【T9】______ —major party is likely to win III. The consequences of the system A the 【T10】______ production of majorities【T10】______ —the competition between two parties —the【T11】______ of the victory of the winning party【T11】______ B. The peaceful【T12】______【T12】______ —the party in power can be overrun by the party out of power —two-party system cannot be destroyed —the【T13】______ can survive the defeat because of 【T13】______ a)the possibility of mamtaining a【T14】______ of the opposition【T14】______ b)the attraction of the support of those opposed to the party in power C. the tendency for the major parties to be【T15】______,【T15】______ e.g. business is conducted across party lines D. The work of the government carried on despite of divided party control第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】第12题【T11】第13题【T12】第14题【T13】第15题【T14】第16题【T15】下一题(17~21/共26题)Play00:0004:56Volume第17题16．A.It includes all the compensation for loss.B.It includes a certificate of posting.C.It is perfect for sending documents of minor value.D.It is usually handled by very particular couriers.第18题17．A.All kinds of parcels.B.Airway letters.C.Railway letters.D.Inland postal packets.第19题18．A.It is signed by the recipient.B.It provides the recipient confirmation of delivery.C.It is free of charge.D.It will cost less at the time of posting.第20题19．A.The compensation for loss is limited.B.It will pay for valuable items.C.The compensation process is speedy.D.The compensation is inadmissible.第21题20．A.Recorded delivery is suitable for sending valuable things.B.Recorded delivery is a service with extra security.C.The packet is signed for by the addressee and a record is kept by the post office.D.The post office delivers recorded delivery to the addressee in person.上一题下一题(22~26/共26题)Play00:0004:23Volume第22题21．A.The packet should be fastened with adhesive substance.B.The packets should be posted in the mailbox.C.The packets needn´t be posted with relevant fee.D.The packets needn´t be wrapped in a strong cover.第23题22．A.Its contents can resist easy damage.B.Registered post provides a protection against damage.C.Registered post receives no special security treatmentD.There is special security treatment for registered post.第24题23．A.Partially included.B.Already covered.C.Partially stamped.D.Already excluded.第25题24．A.Coupons enclosed in the registered letter envelopes.B.Trading stamps sold by the post office.C.Bank notes and currency notes.D.All precious articles sold by the post office.第26题25．A.Neither of them accepts any airway letters.B.They both deliver mails to the addressee in person.C.Both require that the Advice of Delivery Form be signed by the post office official.D.Recorded delivery doesn´t compensate for bank notes, but registered post does.上一题下一题(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) When the Viaduct de Millau opened in the south of France in 2004, this tallest bridge in the world won worldwide compliments. German newspapers described how it "floated above the clouds" with" elegance and lightness"and"breathtaking" beauty. In France, papers praised the "immense concrete giant". Was it mere coincidence that the Germans saw beauty where the French saw heft and power? Lera Boroditsky thinks not.(2) A psychologist at Stanford University, she has long been intrigued by an age-old question whose modern form dates to 1956, when linguist Benjamin Lee Whorf asked whether the language we speak shapes the way we think and see the world. If so, then language is not merely a means of expressing thought, but a constraint on it, too. Although philosophers, anthropologists, and others have weighed in, with most concluding that language does not shape thought in any significant way, the field has been notable for a distressing lack of empiricism—as in testable hypotheses and actual data.(3) That´s where Boroditsky comes in. In a series of clever experiments guided by pointed questions, she is amassing evidence that, yes, language shapes thought. The effect is powerful enough, she says, that "the private mental lives of speakers of different languages may differ dramatically," not only when they are thinking in order to speak, "but in all manner of cognitive tasks," including basic sensory perception. "Even a small fluke of grammar"—the gender of nouns—"can have an effect on how people think about things in the world,"she says.(4) As in that bridge, in German, the noun for bridge, Briicke, is feminine. In French, pont is masculine. German speakers saw female features; French speakers, masculine ones. Similarly, Germans describe keys (Schluessel) with words such as hard, heavy, jagged, and metal, while to Spaniards keys (Ilaves) are golden, intricate, little, and lovely. Guess which language interprets key as masculine and which as feminine?(5) Language even shapes what we see. People have a better memory for colors if different shades have distinct names—not English´s light blue and dark blue, for instance, but Russian´s goluboy and sinly. Skeptics of the language-shapes-thought claim have argued that that´s a trivial finding, showing only that people remember what they saw in both a visual form and a verbal one, but not proving that they actually see the hues differently. In an ingenious experiment, however, Boroditsky and colleagues showed volunteers three color swatches and asked them which of the bottom two was the same as the top one. Native Russian speakers were faster than English speakers when the colors had distinct names, suggesting that having a name for something allows you to perceive it more sharply. Similarly, Korean uses one word for "in" when one object is in another snugly (a letter in an envelope), and a different one when an object is in something loosely (an apple in a bowl). Sure enough, Korean adults are better than English speakers at distinguishing tight fit from loose fit.(6) In Australia, the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre use compass directions for every spatial cue rather than right or left, leading to locutions such as "there is an ant on your southeast leg. " The Kuuk Thaayorre are also much more skillful than English speakers at dead reckoning, even in unfamiliar surroundings or strange buildings.Their language" equips them to perform navigational feats once thought beyond human capabilities," Boroditsky wrote on Edge. org.(7) Science has only scratched the surface of how language affects thought. In Russian, verb forms indicate whether the action was completed or not—as in " she ate (and finished) the pizza. " In Turkish, verbs indicate whether the action was observed or merely rumored. Boroditsky would love to run an experiment testing whether native Russian speakers are better than others at noticing if an action is completed, and if Turks have a heightened sensitivity to fact versus hearsay. Similarly, while English says " she broke the bowl," even if it smashed accidentally (she dropped something on it, say), Spanish and Japanese describe the same event more like "the bowl broke itself. " " When we show people video of the same event," says Boroditsky, " Englishspeakers remember who was to blame even in an accident, but Spanish and Japanese speakers remember it less well than they do intentional actions. It raises questions about whether language affects even something as basic as how we construct our ideas of causality. "第27题In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by______.A.explaining a phenomenonB.justifying an assumptionC.posing a contrastD.making a comparison第28题Lera Boroditsky most probably holds the viewpoint that______.nguage expresses thoughtnguage constrains thoughtnguage determines thoughtnguage and thought interact with each other第29题Which of the following statements is TRUE about the languages mentioned in the passage?A.Both the nouns for bridge and key are feminine in German.B.The language of the Aboriginal Kuuk Thaayorre is really helpful for sailing.C.Korean has a larger vocabulary than English in describing colors.D.Whether an action is completed or not is best shown in Spanish.第30题The author uses the following ways to develop paragraphs EXCEPT______.A.cause and effectB.deduction and inductionC.explanationD.definition上一题下一题(31~34/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) What would the holidays be without lots of tiny twinkling lights? Less colorful and festive—but also a lot safer.(2) From living rooms to front porches across the country, homeowners are stringing millions of lights on Christmas trees or eaves and decorating their windowsills with electric, battery-operated or traditional candles. But according to the federal Consumer Product Safety Commission, too many are doing so with little regard to the hazards. Last holiday season there were about 200 Christmas tree fires in American homes, caused primarily by faulty lights and resulting in 10 deaths and more than $ 10 million in property loss, the Commission says. Another 14,000 house fires are started yearly by misplaced or mishandled flame candles, causing 170 deaths and$350 million in property loss. And about 10,000 people are treated at emergency rooms for injuries from falls, cuts or shocks while hanging lights or decorations.(3) The biggest causes of holiday fires are " candles and live trees" , said Kim Dulic, a Commission spokeswoman. The agency recommends battery-operated candles instead of real or electric, she said, along with fire-resistant artificial trees—or fresh well-watered trees.(4) A cut tree is fresh, she said, if the bottom of its trunk is sticky with resin and its needles are hard to pull and don´t break when bent. It is too dry if it sheds a shower of needles when bounced on the ground. A harvested tree should be cut about a half inch from the bottom and put in water within no more than three to six hours, said Rick Dungey, the public relations manager of the National Christmas Tree Association, in Chesterfield, Mo. " If you wait any longer, air molecules get in the trunk and they prevent the tree from siphoning water,"Mr. Dungey said, adding that people should water often and never let the water go below the cut end. Once a Christmas tree dries out, it is an accident waiting to happen, said Lorraine Carli, the communications vice president of the National Fire Protection Association, in Quincy, Mass. If ignited, it can be engulfed in seconds.(5) The most common cause is electrical—either an overused electrical system or faulty wiring. Brett Brenner, the president of the Electrical Safety Foundation International (ESFI), in Rosslyn, Va., said homeowners should make yearly inspections. " Cracked sockets, frayed or bare wires and loose connections can cause a serious shock or start a fire," he said. Use no more than one extension cord per socket, and string no more than three sets of lights together. Wires should not run under carpets or through windows or doors. He said outdoor outlets should be protected by a ground fault circuit interrupter—a breaker that trips with any interruption or problem with the ground wire. (An interrupter usually needs to be installed when an outlet is near or exposed to water; it generally costs less than $ 10.)(6) John Drengenberg, the consumer affairs director of Underwriters Laboratories, the testing group in Northbrook, 111., said that if lights are certified for indoors only, they must not be used outside; those certified for outdoors, however, can be used inside. No matter the kind, he said, if the bulbs are the screw-in type, there should be no more than 50 per outlet. Outdoor lights, he said, should be hung with plastic clip-on hangers, not metal nails or staples, which can pierce insulation and cause a short. And what about those who don´t take down their outdoor lights until the wisteria is in bloom in May? " You should never leave lights up all year round," Mr. Drengenberg said. "They´re not designed for year-round use. "第31题Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a cause of the holiday hazards?A.Accidents during decoration.B.Poor quality of bubbles.C.Careless handling of candles.D.Problematic management of lights.第32题According to the passage, what is the BEST choice of Christmas trees?A.A real tree that is soaked in water at the shop.B.A real tree whose needles don´t break when bent.C.An artificial tree with delicate craftsmanship.D.An artificial tree that won´t be engulfed immediately.第33题It can be inferred from Para. 5 that______.A.the ESFI inspects household electrical system annuallyB.electrical devices for outdoor use are not expensiveC.homeowners do not have the particular electrical knowledgeD.an overloaded electrical system or faulty wiring may lead to disasters第34题Which of the following is NOT in accordance with Mr. Drengenberg´s suggestion?A.Never use outdoor lights that are certified for indoor use.B.Put exactly 50 screw-in type bulbs to each outlet.C.Take off the outdoor lights after the Christmas season is over.D.Avoid metal nails or staples when putting on the outdoor lights.上一题下一题(35~37/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) We all know that emotions originate in the brain. But we usually talk about our emotions coming from our hearts. If someone you know doesn´t give up easily, you might say, "He´s got a lot of heart. " Not every culture would agree—for instance, when Italians want to say someone has heart, they say instead,"Ha fegato" : "He has liver. "(2) But what about bad emotions? When you feel so sad or so angry that your heart "aches" , could it actually be true? Two new studies add support to the theory that, yes, what goes on in your mind can break your heart.(3) In the first study, just published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC),a team of eight researchers looking at more than 63,000 women who were participants in the ongoing Nurses´ Health Study, found that those who reported basic symptoms of depression (like feeling down and incapable of happiness) had a higher-than-normal risk of coronary heart disease. And women who were clinically depressed were more than twice as likely as other women to suffer sudden cardiac death. None of the participants had heart problems at the study´s outset, but nearly 8% had symptoms of depression.(4) The researchers theorize that depression might have some direct physiological impact on the heart—like causing it to work harder in the face of stress. The study also found that the more depressed women were, the more likely they were to smoke cigarettes or have high blood pressure and diabetes—not exactly heart-healthy conditions. Or it may be that the antidepressants prescribed to treat those with mood problems were associated with heart ailments; in the study, sudden cardiac death was linked more strongly with antidepressant use than with women´s symptoms of depression.(5) The antidepressant theory is just that—a theory. It could be that the antidepressant takers in the study were simply the most depressed. But if the theory is substantiated by further research, it would add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that antidepressants carry a high risk (particularly for teenagers) when weighed against the drugs´still uncertain benefits. Scientists have already shown that antidepressants are a bad idea for those about to undergo coronary artery bypass surgery.(6) No one is sure exacdy how depression hurts me heart, and one plausible explanation is that the train runs in the opposite direction—a damaged heart and its consequent stress on the bodymight activate, somehow, genes or other physiological changes that contribute to depression.(7) But another new paper, also published in the JACC, lends credit to the idea that it is our moods that work on our hearts and not the other way around. In this paper, researchers from University College London reviewed the findings of 39 previously published articles and found that men who are angry and hostile are significantly more likely to have a cardiac event man those who aren´t. That may sound unsurprising—we all know that anger can stress your heart. But it´s important to note the difference between aggression and just being aggressive. Previous studies have found that so-called type A´s—those who are driven, competitive and obsessed with deadlines—are not more likely to experience heart disease. In other words, your type A co-workers who are annoyingly ambitious and dutiful are no more likely to have a heart attack than you are. Rather, it´s the seething, angry types with underlying hostility who are the ticking time bombs. Anger, it turns out, is physiologically toxic.(8) The authors of the second paper offer the standard theories about how an angry emotion translates to a physical heart attack: angry people have a harder time sleeping; they take prescribed drugs less often; they eat worse, exercise less, smoke more and are fatter. These things add up: compared with the good-humored, those who were angry and hostile—but had no signs of heart problems at the outset—ended up with a 19% higher risk of developing coronary heart disease, according to the University College London paper.(9) The two studies reify gender stereotypes; women get their hearts broken through sadness; men "break" their hearts (via heart attack) through anger. But both studies suggest that men and women have a common interest in understanding that some causes of cardiac disease—poor diet or lack of exercise or bad sleep habits—may have a precipitating cause themselves. Whether male or female, letting yourself get overwhelmed by emotion can damage not only your mind but also that crucial organ, the heart.第35题The relationship between the first study and the second study is that______.A.each presents one side of the pictureB.each presents a different issueC.the second generalizes the firstD.the second proves the first第36题Which of the following has been proven both practically and theoretically?A.Depression has some direct physiological impact on the heart.B.Antidepressants are closely related to heart disease.C.Antidepressants´ disadvantages outweigh their advantages.D.Anger and hostility may contribute to a heart attack.第37题Which of the following expressions is used literally, NOT metaphorically?A.He´s got a lot of heart. (Para. 1)B... .break your heart. (Para. 2)C....the train runs in the opposite direction... (Para.6)D....who are the ticking time bombs. (Para. 7)上一题下一题(38~40/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1) A far cry from the pirates and princesses of today, costumes during Halloween´s precursor centuries ago included animal skins and heads, drag getups, and even mechanical horse heads, historians say.(2) Records of the precursor to Halloween—the Celtic new year celebration of Samhain—are extremely threadbare, said Ken Nilsen, professor of Celtic studies at Canada´s St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia. "We don´t have actual records telling us what it was like in ancient times, so our knowledge is based principally on folk customs that continued until recent centuries,"Nilsen told National Geographic News.(3) Samhain, however, is known to date back at least 2,000 years, based on analysis of a Celtic bronze calendar discovered in the 1890s in Coligny, France, in what was then called Gaul. The festival marked the end of the Celtic year, when the harvest was gathered and animals were rounded up. It´s said the hides of cattle and other livestock slaughtered at this time were ritually worn during festivities that likely hark back to even earlier pagan beliefs.(4) Ancient Roman writers recorded that tribes in what is now Germany and France held riotous ceremonies where they donned the heads and skins of wild mammals to connect with animal spirits. The custom of wearing animal hides at bonfire-lighted Celtic feast ceremonies survived until recent times, Nilsen notes. " This was certainly done at Martinmas (the November 11 Christian feast of St. Martin) in Ireland and Scotland, which, in the old calendar, would be Halloween,"he said. "There might have been an excess of livestock, so it would make sense to slaughter an animal,"Nilsen said.(5) Samhain night was also a celebration of the dead—the one time the spirits were believed to walk among the living. Again, the earliest rituals aren´t known in detail, but in recent centuries families put out food and even set extra table places for their ancestors at Samhain. It was also a night when people dressed to create mischief and confusion, according to Bettina Arnold of the Center for Celtic Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. "The spirits of the dead were impersonated by young men dressed with masked, veiled or blackened faces," Arnold wrote in an essay titled Halloween Customs in the Celtic World. These disguises were intended both to protect revelers from any malevolent spirits and to fool households they visited. In Scotland and elsewhere, revelers masquerading as the dead would go around demanding food offerings—a forerunner to today´s trick-or-treating. Nilsen of St. Francis Xavier University added: "People put on costumes which frequently included blackened faces and so on, representing spooks, demons, or whatever. "(6) According to the University of Wisconsin´s Arnold, on Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated—as was the boundary between the sexes. Male youths would dress up as girls and vice versa, she wrote. In Wales, for example, groups of mischievous young men in Halloween drag were referred to as hags. In parts of Ireland, a man dressed as a white horse known as Lair Bhan—an ancient Celtic fertility symbol—led noisy processions at Samhain.(7) Many Samhain ensembles were incomplete without the appropriate accessories; lanterns made with hollowed-out turnips and candles. Later transplanted to North America with Irish immigrants, the tradition would be replicated in the fatter form of the pumpkin, a fruit native tothe New World.第38题The knowledge about the ancient Halloween comes from the following EXCEPT______.A.historians´ introductionB.factual and detailed recordsC.today´s Halloween customsD.books written by ancient Roman writers第39题Which of the following statements about Samhain is TRUE?A.It is the forerunner of today´s Halloween.B.It was the celebration of the new year 2,000 years ago.C.It was celebrated first in Coligny, France.D.It is an occasion of family gatherings.第40题On Samhain the boundary between the living and the dead was obliterated by______.A.the dead walking among the livingB.the living masquerading as the deadC.boys dressing up as girlsD.men disguising as white horses上一题下一题(15/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第41题PASSAGE ONE上一题下一题(16/22)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.第42题PASSAGE TWO上一题下一题(43~45/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE THREE第43题What does "He´s got a lot of heart. " mean according to the author?第44题What does the author aim to indicate by citing the two new studies?第45题What are the factors that may lead to a physical heart attack? (Please list no more than 3 factors.) 上一题下一题(46~48/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE FOUR第46题What did people do at Martinmas according to the passage?第47题Which word is used metaphorically in Para. 6?第48题What´s the origin of pumpkin lantern according to the passage?上一题下一题(49~58/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGELanguage is fantastically complex. Its built-in means ofcombining and recombining(nesting)of its various levels have【M1】______suggested to many leading linguists that language istheoretically infinite though not practical so in everyday usage.【M2】______It almost sounds too complex to be able to detect any significantleveling out of language any more than one could detect byobservation that the sun is burning itself out.As far as I am conscious no linguist seriously purports that【M3】______the restructuring process of language overrides the streamliningprocess resulted in a qualitative positive development of【M4】______language. If we decide that language did originally develop,possibly evolving animal communication, we can only do【M5】______so by assuming evolution to be a universally valid principle This type【M6】______of a priori reasoning was the basic fallacy of pre-NineteenthCentury "speculative grammar" which was pre-scientific in modern【M7】______sense of the word.However, the observable data neither indicate that such a【M8】______period of pre-historic development even existed, nor they【M9】______suggest a cause of the subsequent state of equilibrium or processof simplification that would have to have come into operation atsome time after such a pre-historic development. NoamChomsky, one of the most prominent linguists of the twentiethcentury, has indicated that human language and animalcommunication are not even comparative entities, they are so【M10】______different.第49题【M1】第50题【M2】。

英语专八模拟题_套一(包含答案)

英语专八模拟题_阅读专项练习题一，选择题Passage One(1) At a certain season of our life we are accustomed to consider every spot as the possible site of a house. I have thus surveyed the country on every side within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms in succession, for all were to be bought, and I knew their price. I walked over each farmer's premises, tasted his wild apples, discoursed on husbandry with him, took his farm at his price, at any price, mortgaging it to him in my mind; even put a higher price on it—took everything but a deed of it—took his word for his deed, for I dearly love to talk—cultivated it, and him too to some extent, I trust, and withdrew when I had enjoyed it long enough, leaving him to carry it on. This experience entitled me to be regarded as a sort of real-estate broker by my friends. Wherever I sat, there I might live, and the landscape radiated from me accordingly. What is a house but a sedes, a seat? —better if a country seat. I discovered many a site for a house not likely to be soon improved, which some might have thought too far from the village, but to my eyes the village was too far from it. Well, there I might live, I said; and there I did live, for an hour, a summer and a winter life; saw how I could let the years run off, buffet the winter through, and see the spring come in. The future inhabitants of this region, wherever they may place their houses, may be sure that they have been anticipated. An afternoon sufficed to lay out the land into orchard, wood-lot, and pasture, and to decide what fine oaks or pines should be left to stand before the door, and whence each blasted tree could be seen to the best advantage; and then I let it lie, fallow, perchance, for a man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone.(2) My imagination carried me so far that I even had the refusal of several farms—the refusal was all I wanted—but I never got my fingers burned by actual possession. The nearest that I came to actual possession was when I bought the Hollowell place, and had begun to sort my seeds, and collected materials with which to make a wheelbarrow to carry it on or off with; but before the owner gave me a deed of it, his wife—every man has such a wife—changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me ten dollars to release him. Now, to speak the truth, I had but ten cents in the world, and it surpassed my arithmetic to tell, if I was that man who had ten cents, or who had a farm, or ten dollars, or all together. However, I let him keep the ten dollars and the farm too, for I had carried it far enough; or rather, to be generous, I sold him the farm for just what I gave for it, and, as he was not a rich man, made him a present of ten dollars, and still had my ten cents, and seeds, and materials for a wheelbarrow left. I found thus that / had been a rich man without any damage to my poverty. But I retained the landscape, and I have since annually carried off what it yielded without a wheelbarrow. With respect to landscapes, "I am monarch of all I survey. My right there is none to dispute. "(3)I have frequently seen a poet withdraw, having enjoyed the most valuable part of a farm, while the crusty farmer supposed that he had got a few wild apples only. Why, the owner does not know it for many years when a poet has put his farm in rhyme, the most admirable kind of invisible fence, has fairly impounded it, milked it, skimmed it, and got all the cream, and left the farmer only the skimmed milk.(4) The real attractions of the Hollowell farm, to me, were: its complete retirement, being, about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, and separated from the highway by a broad field; its bounding on the river, which the owner said protected it by its fogs from frosts in the spring, though that was nothing to me; the gray color and ruinous state of the house and barn, and the dilapidated fences, which put such an interval between me and the last occupant; the hollow and lichen-covered apple trees, gnawed by rabbits, showing what kind of neighbors I should have; but above all, the recollection I had of it from my earliest voyages up the river, when the house was concealed behind a dense grove of red maples, through which I heard the house-dog bark. I was in haste to buy it, before the proprietor finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the hollow apple trees, and grubbing up some young birches which had sprung up in the pasture, or, in short, had made any more of his improvements. To enjoy these advantages I was ready to carry it on; like Atlas, to take the world on my shoulders—I never heard what compensation he received for that—and do all those things which had no other motive or excuse but that I might pay for it and be unmolested in my possession of it; for I knew all the while that it would yield the most abundant crop of the kind I wanted, if I could only afford to let it alone. But it turned out as I have said.(5) All that I could say, then, with respect to farming on a large scale—I have always cultivated a garden—was, that I had had my seeds ready. Many think that seeds improve with age. I have no doubt that time discriminates between the good and the bad; and when at last I shall plant, I shall be less likely to be disappointed. But I would say to my fellows, once for all, as long as possible live free and uncommitted. It makes but little difference whether you are committed to a farm or the county jail.(6) Old Cato, whose "De Re Rustica" is my "Cultivator," says—and the only translation I have seen makes sheer nonsense of the passage—" When you think of getting a farm turn it thus in your mind, not to buy greedily; nor spare your pains to look at it, and do not think it enough to go round it once. The oftener you go there the more it will please you, if it is good. " I think I shall not buy greedily, but go round and round it as long as I live, and be buried in it first, that it may please me the more at last.1.It can be inferred from Para. 1 that________.2.The author’s attitude indicated in the second paragraph is that________.3.Which of the following statements contains a metaphor?4.According to Para. 5 and Para. 6, what is the author’s attitude towards getting a farm?5.Which of the following statements does the author NOT advocate in the passage? Passage Two(1) Procrastination comes in many disguises. We might resolve to tackle a task, but find endless reasons to defer it. We might prioritize things we can readily tick off our to-do list—answering emails, say—while leaving the big, complex stuff untouched for another day. We can look and feel busy, while artfully avoiding the tasks that really matter. And when we look at those rolling, long-untouched items at the bottom of our to-do list, we can't help but feel a little disappointed in ourselves.(2) The problem is our brains are programmed to procrastinate. In general, we all tend to struggle with tasks that promise future upside in return for efforts we take now. That's because it's easier for our brains to process concrete rather than abstract things, and the immediate hassle is very tangible compared with those unknowable, uncertain future benefits. So the short-term effort easily dominates the long-term upside in our minds—an example of something that behavioral scientists call present bias.(3) How can you become less myopic about your elusive tasks? It's all about rebalancing the cost-benefit analysis: make the benefits of action feel bigger, and the costs of action feel smaller. The reward for doing a pestering task needs to feel larger than the immediate pain of tackling it.(4) To make the benefits of action feel bigger and more real:(5) Visualize how great it will be to get it done. Researchers have discovered that people are more likely to save for their future retirement if they're shown digitally aged photographs of themselves. Why? Because it makes their future self feel more real—making the future benefits of saving also feel more weighty. When we apply a lo-fi version of this technique to any task we've been avoiding, by taking a moment to paint ourselves a vivid mental picture of the benefits of getting it done, it can sometimes be just enough to get us unstuck. So if there's a call you're avoiding or an email you're putting off, give your brain a helping hand by imagining the virtuous sense of satisfaction you'll have once it's done—and perhaps also the look of relief on someone's face as they get from you what they needed.(6) Pre-commit, publicly. Telling people that we're going to get something done can powerfully amplify the appeal of actually taking action, because our brain's reward system is so highly responsive to our social standing. Research has found that it mattersgreatly to us whether we're respected by others—even by strangers. Most of us don't want to look foolish or lazy to other people. So by daring to say "I'll send you the report by the end of the day" we add social benefits to following through on our promise—which can be just enough to nudge us to bite the bullet.(7) Confront the downside of inaction. Research has found that we're strangely averse to properly evaluating the status quo. While we might weigh the pros and cons of doing something new, we far less often consider the pros and cons of not doing that thing. Known as omission bias, this often leads us to ignore some obvious benefits of getting stuff done. Suppose you're repeatedly putting off the preparation you need to do for an upcoming meeting. You're tempted by more exciting tasks, so you tell yourself you can do it tomorrow (or the day after). But force yourself to think about the downside of putting it off, and you realize that tomorrow will be too late to get hold of the input you really need from colleagues. If you get moving now, you have half a chance of reaching them in time—so finally, your gears creak into action.(8) To make the costs of action feel smaller :(9) Identify the first step. Sometimes we're just daunted by the task we're avoiding. We might have "learnt French" on our to-do list, but who can slot that into the average afternoon? The trick here is to break down big, amorphous tasks into baby steps that you don't feel as effortful. Even better: identify the very smallest first step, something that's so easy that even your present-biased brain can see that the benefits outweigh the costs of effort. So instead of "learn French" you might decide to "email Nicole to ask advice on learning French. " Achieve that small goal, and you'll feel more motivated to take the next small step than if you'd continued to beat yourself up about your lack of language skills.(10) Tie the first step to a treat. We can make the cost of effort feel even smaller if we link that small step to something we're actually looking forward to doing. In other words, tie the task that we're avoiding to something that we're not avoiding. For example, you might allow yourself to read lowbrow magazines or books when you're at the gym, because the guilty pleasure helps dilute your brain's perception of the short-term "cost" of exercising. Likewise, you might muster the self-discipline to complete a slippery task if you promise yourself you'll do it in a nice cafe with a favorite drink in hand.(11) Remove the hidden blockage. Sometimes we find ourselves returning to a task repeatedly, still unwilling to take the first step. We hear a little voice in our head saying, "Yeah, good idea, but...no. " At this point, we need to ask that voice some questions, to figure out what's really making it unappealing to take action. This doesn't necessarily require psychotherapy. Patiently ask yourself a few "why" questions—"why does it feel tough to do this?" and "why's that?"—and the blockage can surface quite quickly. Often, the issue is that a perfectly noble competingcommitment is undermining your motivation. For example, suppose you were finding it hard to stick to an early morning goal-setting routine. A few "whys" might highlight that the challenge stems from your equally strong desire to eat breakfast with your family. Once you've made that conflict more explicit, it's far more likely you'll find a way to overcome it—perhaps by setting your daily goals the night before, or on your commute into work.(12) So the next time you find yourself mystified by your inability to get important tasks done, be kind to yourself. Recognize that your brain needs help if it's going to be less short-sighted. Try taking at least one step to make the benefits of action loom larger, and one to make the costs of action feel smaller. Your languishing to-do list will thank you.6.According to Para. 1, which of the following behavior belongs to procrastination?7.What does the word "upside" in Para. 2 mean?8.It can NOT be inferred from the passage that________.9.Which rhetorical device is used in "...nudge us to bite the bullet" in Para.6?Passage Three(1) You do not need to play in a band to be part of the burgeoning "gig economy. " Nearly everyone has skills or assets they can exploit in their spare time to boost their income—or save money by using one of a new wave of technology-driven services.(2) The market for everything from renting out a spare room or parking space for cash to selling hobby crafts or skills over the Internet is expanding rapidly. Now worth ￡500 million a year, it is expected to grow to ￡9 billion by 2025. Here is how you can participate.PROFIT FROM PROPERTY(3) If you have a spare room in your home, a drive that sits empty or even a garden shed with space not crammed with debris, then there are opportunities to make these dead spaces earn money by finding people who need a room or storage.(4) You can find lodgers through an online marketplace such as gumtree or other online services such as Weroom, mondaytofriday, SpareRoom and EasyRoommate. For those who do not fancy a full-time lodger, then there is the holidaymaker market—with Airbnb and Wimdu among the main options for renting out a room part-time.(5) Homes can also be rented out for film and photography shoots, earning owners between ￡700 and ￡3,000 a day. Location agencies include Shootfactory,Lavish Locations and Amazing Space. Growing demand for space from companies wanting to organize meetings or bonding sessions with fellow workers, who perhaps normally work from home, is another potential gig.(6) A property can prove a valuable asset when offsetting the cost of a holiday. By swapping with other homeowners you can get a free holiday almost anywhere in the world—or earn rental for a home while away. Among the best known of the home-swapping websites are Home Base Holidays, HomeLink, homeforexchange, HomeExchange and Love Home Swap.(7) To rent out your home instead of swapping, consider onefinestay, which does all the hard graft—from preparing your property to rent with toiletries and bed linen, to cleaning once the guests have gone.(8) It is possible to make even the smallest spaces earn their keep by renting outa loft, cupboard, cellar or garden shed to someone needing to store items.(9) Garages and driveways can also be great money-spinners if rented out to drivers wanting an affordable and convenient place to park. According to parking website JustPark, it is possible to earn ￡800 a year on average for a driveway, although in-demand spots near railway stations or music and sports venues can generate ￡3,000 a year.CASH IN ON CARS(10) The average cost of driving a car in London works out at ￡20 an hour, according to car sharing network Zipcar. Its sums take into account the fact a car tends to sit on a drive (or road) for 96 per cent of its lifetime and includes unavoidable bills such as road tax, maintenance, depreciation and insurance.(11) Drivers only actually use their vehicles for 182 hours a year. By giving up car ownership altogether and joining a service such as Zipcar, you can pay as you go, paying ￡5 to ￡10 an hour (plus a membership fee of ￡6 a month or ￡59. 50 a year). You have to be disciplined though, as bringing a motor back late incurs a ￡35 fee.(12) If you prefer to be an owner but want to cut costs, think about hiring out your car to a service such as RideLink. Similar in concept to Zipcar, its fleet is made up of vehicles belonging to thousands of car owners. The difference is that owners set their own prices and renters can often find better value deals than from mainstream hire firms. Car sharing is another boom area where drivers cut journey costs by offering passengers lifts in return for a payment towards fuel costs.(13) Because drivers do not make a profit on such arrangements, it should not impact on motor cover—but check with your insurer first. Mat Gazely knows a thing or two about the gig economy, working for Zopa, one of the biggest players in the peer-to-peer lending market. Such lending allows individuals with spare cash to lend itdirectly to other people at rates far more attractive than they would receive by depositing cash in a bank or building society savings account.TIME IS MONEY(14) Those who have some free time can use their bike to generate extra income. In London, for example, restaurant delivery service Deliveroo employs scores of cyclists and scooter owners to pick up orders from outlets that do not offer their own takeaway service. The pay is ￡6 an hour plus ￡1 per delivery. New arrival, London-based Pedals, also recruits cyclists for delivery jobs posted online that they can pick to fit in with their normal journeys.(15) An alternative is community delivery service Nimber. It connects people wanting items delivered with so-called "bringers"—those who can carry a package while on the move. This means you can earn cash, negotiated online with the sender, by delivering, for example, on a daily commute to work.(16) Over-18s with a mobile phone and handyman skills can consider TaskRabbit,a peer-to-peer website that puts odd-jobbers in touch with those who need tasks done. Once a request for a task is posted, hourly rates are listed for the "taskers" considered most qualified for your job and the buyer chooses.(17) For those with professional skills, such as web design, legal or marketing nous, there is People Per Hour. The website advertises a variety of freelance roles—with job-seekers negotiating directly with the buyer. Those who have an artistic bent and enjoy making things can expand beyond craft fairs by using Etsy, an online marketplace for all things handmade.(18) The instant gratification provided by the gig sector is allowing thousands of participants to convert time into money—but it can be tricky for those whose gig experience takes off to know their responsibilities in terms of financial management, insurance and tax.(19) One key area to watch when joining the gig economy is insurance, especially when renting out areas of your home and property. Brian Brown, at insurance analyst Defaqto, says: "It is likely many kinds of claim will not be paid if an insurer didn't know about a change in circumstance. "(20) " For instance, if you allow someone to use your drive your insurer might exclude certain things, such as damage to fencing or from the leaking of fuel from their vehicle on to your drive. " He also says renting out rooms through Airbnb will most likely mean that any theft or accidental damage claim will be excluded.(21) Humphrey Bowles, of Belong Safe—a provider of insurance with its eyes set on the gig sector—says: "The solutions so far sit with a homesharing website's ' guarantees. ' Many hosts may believe they have insurance when they sign upbecause of the guarantees mentioned and use of phrases such as ‘ peace of mind.’ But in the terms and conditions for Airbnb, for example, it includes wording such as ' Airbnb strongly encourages you to purchase separate insurance that will cover you and your property for losses caused by guests' and ' the entire risk...remains with you.'"(22) Belong Safe, Bowles believes, can alleviate such concerns, allowing hosts to buy cover by the day, when a guest is staying, and covers all risks. Underwritten by insurer Hiscox, it costs from 78 pence a day outside London and up to ￡4 a day in London. One drawback is that the excess is a hefty ￡1,000.(23) Mortgage lenders may also get a bit twitchy with homeowners if they find out they have been letting a room without telling them. In theory, they can call in the loan. David Hollingworth, mortgage broker at London and Country in Bath, says: " With lodgers, a lender will want to receive a ' consent,' so the lodger understands they have no rights if the property is repossessed. "(24) With short-term lets such as Airbnb, it is more of a grey area. He says: "This is something most lenders haven't caught up with yet. Homeowners will find some will be more amenable than others. "10. What does "gig economy" in Para. 1 mean?11. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the author if you have a spare room?12. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?13Which category of writing does the passage belong to?14What is the role of the 18th paragraph in the development of the passage?二，简答题Passage One15. What does the word "cream" in Para. 3 refer to?16. What does the author truly want to get from living in a farm?Passage Two17. According to the author, what is the reason for procrastination?18. What does the author mean by saying "Tie the first step to a treat. " in Para. 10?19. What is the author’s suggestion in the last paragraph? Passage Three20. What should people joining the gig economy keep an eye on?21. What is the main idea of the last seven paragraphs?22. Whom do you think this passage is addressed to?答案：1. 推理判断题。

英语专业八级模拟试题练习例题

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It is an observable fact that many of the texts we, as adult members of society, encounter everyday and need to deal with are nonfiction texts. (1) Much of the research of the last few decades into the development of children’s writing has tended to concentrate on personal and fictional texts; (2)nonfiction writing often has been neglected. The increasing demand that children read and respond to all kinds of writing means that we need to look closely at how we can help students become aware, and develop into competent writers,of differing nonfiction text. Persuasion, explanation, report and discussion are powerful forms of language that we use to get things done. These forms have been called the language of power,and it can be argued that students who leave our classrooms unable to operate successfully within these powerful genres are denied access to becoming fully functioning members of society. (5) This fact suggests that it is not sufficient for us simply to accept the overwhelming dominance of recounts in our students’nonfiction writing. We have to do something about broadening their range. Students too often are expected to move into the independent writing phase before they are really ready; often the pressure to do so is based on the practical problem of teachers being unable to find the time to spend with them in individual support. What is clearly needed is something to span the joint-activity and independent-activity phase. We have called this additional phase the scaffolded phase—a phase where we offer our students strategies to aid writing but they can use without an adult being alongside them. One such strategy that we are going to explore is writing frames. A writing frame consists of a skeleton outline given to students to scaffold their nonfiction writing. The skeleton framework consists of different key words or phrases, according to the particular generic form. The template of starters, connectives , and sentence modifiers that constitute a writing frame gives students a structure within which they can concentrate on communicating what they want to saywhile it scaffolds them in the use of a particular generic form. (8) By using the form students become increasingly familiar with it. Writing frames were all developed in collaboration with teachers and have been widely used with children throughout the elementary- and middle-school years and across the full range of abilities, including students with special needs. On the strength of this extensive trialing we are reasonably confident in saying that not only do writing frames help students become familiar with unfamiliar genres, but that they also help students overcome many of the other problems often associated with nonfiction writing. Next, I’d like to talk about the genres of writing frames in practical use. There are mainly two kinds of writing frames in common use. First,the recount genre. Using a recount frame designed to encourage the use of previous knowledge,9-year-old Rachel wrote about her trip to Plymouth Museum. Her writing suggests that the frame had helped her structure her ideas and allowed her to make sense of what she had seen. It had encouraged her to reflect upon her learning. Her writing is also noticeably different to that which children often produce after an educational visit,that is,a simple retelling of what they did during the day. Rachel here is recounting her learning. Secondly, the discussion genre. Using a discussion frame helped 11 -year-old Kerry write a thoughtful discussion about boxing. The frame encouraged her to structure the discussion to look at both sides of the argument. Many students of this age have difficulty with discussion because they find it challenging to see things from someone else’s point of view. The use of a frame should always begin with discussion and teacher modelling before moving on to joint construction and then to the student undertaking writing supported by the frame. This oral, teacher-modelling, joint-construction partem of teaching is vital,for it not only models the generic form and teaches the words that signal connections and transitions, but it also provides opportunities for developing students’ oral language and their thinking. Some students, especially those with learning difficulties, may need many oral sessions and sessions in which their teacher acts as a scribe before they are ready to attempt their own framed writing. We are convinced that writing in a range of genres is most effective if it is located in meaningful experiences. (10) The concept of situated learning suggests that learning is always context dependent. For this reason, we have always used the frames within class topic work rather than in isolated study-skills lessons. We do not advocate using the frames for the direct teaching of generic structures in skills-centered lessons. The frame itself is never a purpose for writing. There is much debate about the appropriateness of the direct teaching of generic forms and we share many of the reservations expressed by such commentators. Our use of a writing frame has always arisen from students’having a purpose for undertaking some writing. The appropriate frame was then introduced if the students needed extra help. We have found writing frames helpful to students of all ages and all abilities. They have been used with students from ages 5 to 16. However,teachers have found the frames particularly useful with students of average writing ability,with those who find writing difficult, and with students who have special needs in literacy. Teachers have commented on the improved quality and quantity of writing that has resulted from using the frames with these students. That’sall for today’s lecture. Thank you.An Approach to Factual WritingI. The demands of differing nonfiction text—Much of the research into the development of children’s writing has tended to concentrate on personal and (1)_____texts.—Nonfiction writing often has been (2)_____.II. Language of (3)_____A. Powerful forms of language -(4)_____—Explanation —Report —DiscussionB. (5)_____ the children’s range of nonfictionalwriting.C. Spanning the joint-activity and independent activity phase.III. Writing framesA. The (6)_____phase;where we offer our studentsstrategies to aid writing but they can use without an adult being alongside them.B. Writing frames:—A (n) (7)_____outline: keywords or phrases—Effects: a) Students become increasingly (8)_____with unfamiliar genres.b) Students overcome many problems often associated with nonfictional writing.IV. The genres of writing frames in practical useA. The (9)_____genre;encouraging the use of previous knowledge.B. The discussion genre;using a discussion frame.V. Significance—(10)_____learning suggests that learning is always context dependent.—The frame itself is not a purpose for writing.—Writing frames are helpful to students of all ages and all abilities.1．正确答案：fictional解析：本题为细节题。

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The speaker _ us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure.A. detourB.offsetC.tantalizedD. ushered9. I assure you there was no _ motive in my suggestion.A. ulteriorB.stationaryC. vulgarD. toxic10. Government loan have been the _ of several shaky business companies.A. tornadoB.salvationC.delinquencyD. momentum11. The hunter kept the lion’s skin and head as _.A. trophiesB. filletC. tulipD. clown12. We saw the canoe _ , throwing its passengers into the water.A. prostrateB. overturnC. simulateD. brag13. He has been drinking alcohol so heavily that his death severely affected and got his _ alcoholically.A. quittanceB. qualmC. quailD. quietus14. The orphanage is just one of he r_ causes.A. phoneticB. philanthropicC. prevalentD. lunatic15. After a period of probation a _ becomes a nun.A. sopranoB. hippie C novice D. monsieur16. Despite his wealth and position, he has an _ personality.A. unassumingB. unprecedentedC. underminingD. uncouth17. The island is maintained as a _ for endangered species.A. wetlandsB. sanctuaryC. mire D .heath18. If you _ something, such as food or drink, you reduce its quality or make it weaker, for example by adding water to it.A. adulterateB. moorC. vaccinateD. sue19. A _ is a grill on which meat, fish, and other foods are cooled over hot charcoal, usually out of doors.A. duetB. fagC. tonicD. barbecue20. The _ warned the sleeping troops that the enemy was creeping near.A. pickpocketB. picketC. pikeD. pickup21. When you are suffering from _ you have red spots on your skin and you feel as if you have a cold,A. apathyB. measlesC. impotenceD. schizophrenia22. Their business was war, murder, _ and rape.A. pillageB. auditC. bonanzaD. nectar23. He was brought before the _ for trial.A. tribunalB. isleC. granaryD. observatory24. The guests, having eaten until they were _ , now listened inattentively to the speakers.A. contraceptedB. satiatedC. gripedD. trespassed25. 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Larry was so absorbed in his novel that she forgot about his dinner cooking in the oven.A. engrossedB. enlivenedC. obligedD. excelled34. His grandfather used to be an admiral.A. a toperB. a generalC. atop naval officerD. a colonel35.She distributed gifts in a bountiful and gracious manner.A.modestB.stingyC.generousD.sparing36. I have just had a long bout of house cleaning.A. hourB. brushC.periodD. fight37. The girls braided their hair with flowers.A. plaitedB. combedC. ecoratedD. dressed38. They got in quite a brawl.A.snitB.fightC.ballyD.littering39. Her brazen contempt for authority angered the officials.A.insolentB. innocentC. insomuchD. isolated40. After the storm the lake returned to its usual calm state.A. flaccidB.placidC. lucidD. acid41.Charles was in no positionto make a judicious decision.A. wiseB. courageC.restedplete42.This wood is too wet to kindle.A. chopB. carveC. dryD. burn43. The politician promised to be candid, but we wondered.A. sweetB. open and frankC. casualD. discreet44. The lambs capered about in the meadow.A. stumbledB. ranC. dancedD. skipped45. Therewas a caption underneath the photograph.A. signatureB. graphC. titleD. design46. She is the most faultless person in the group.A.impeccableB.impartibleC.imminentD.impellent47.The waiter fawned on the rich customers in hopes of a large tip.A. ignoredB.sought favor fromC. sought help fromD. smiled at48. Not wishing to attend thedance, Marie feigned illness.A. infectedB. solicitedC.disguisedD. enacted49. He is one of the young lady's fervent admirers.A. ardentB. firstC. youngD. unseen50. Huey Long's denunciations of the federal government were often inspired by the fervor of his listeners.A. sizeB. curiosityC. cheerfulnessD. zeal51. Fidelity is a quality of character that is admired by most people.A. GenerosityB. ChastityC.FaithfulnessD. Wisdom52.The police will make every effort to capture the fiend who murdered the children.A.foolish personB. wicked personC. hot-headed personD.suspected person53. We found a hamlet in the deep forest with only six families.A. an empty spaceB.a cottageC.a small villageD. a tribe54. The rising prices are harassing the manufacturers and the consumers.A. to the benefit ofB. causing contradictionsC. stimulatingD. worrying55. He is always harping on lack of opportunity.A. talking tiresomely aboutB. talking rapidly aboutC. talking loudly aboutD. talking widely about56. Because the details of the project were rather hazy, we decided to reject the proposal.A. dubiousB. unobtainableC. lucrativeD. vague57.If Mr. Jones had known that she were a criminal, he would never have aided or helpedher in any way.A. curtailedB. repelledC.abetted .D.surfeited58. In front of the house is a small lake hemmed in by thick leafy trees.A. viewedB. blockedC. lined up withD.surrounded59. He refused to see anyone and remained a hermit all his life.A. hereticB. fugitiveC.recluseD. veteran60. She wants to hitch her trailer to your car.A. wreckB. hatchC.connectD. thatch61. Does he love his wealthy mother or only pretend fo mercenary reasons?A. personalB. unexplainedC. instinctD.selfish62. Pick up that mess of dirty clothes and have them washed.A. clutterB.clusterC. clatterD. cloister63. His joke caused mirth in the audience.A. misunderstandingB. confusionughterD. reaction64.A person's miscellaneous expenses include stamps and haircuts.A. foodB.varied monorC. additionalD. annual65. With alittle care you coulci have avoided the mishap.A.accidentB. defeatC. misunderstandingD. riot66. He ushered me to my seat at once.A.guidedB. preservedC. adheredD. engaged67. In winter, many homeless vagabonds prefer to live in prisonather than to live in the open.A. childrenB.wandersC. criminalsD. unemployed workers68.Confucius is considered the greatest of the ancient Chinese sage.A.philosopherB.biographerC.geologistD.geographer69. A concert was given in the saloon of the ship.A. deck houseB. conference roomC.passenger cabinD. bar-room70. Typifcally, ocean reefs teem with fish.A. swarm withB. are slimy withC. are poisonous toD. are uninhabited byIII. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the forms where necessary.A) alumnus swivel console raisin cogitate devolve efface verdant glint bikini71. The colleges all have well-kept _ lawns.72. One-piece swimming costumes are more fashionable than _ this year.73. To be a good manager, you must know how to _ responsibility downwards.74. The whole country had tried to _ the memory of the old dictatorship.75. She _ her chair round and stared out across the back lawn.76. He tried to _ her, but she kept saying it was all her own fault.77. For breakfast I have porridge made with water, to which I add _.78. The stream _ upon the moonlight.79. I was just _ upon the meaning of life.80. Several famous _ have agreed to help raise money for the school's restoration fund.B) siphon skid invoice pantomime elf malnutrition tarmac syrup consummate81. In fairy stories, _ are small magical beings who play tricks on people,82. She puts a piece of plastic tubing in her mouth and starts _ as form a huge metal drum.83. Three planes were standing on the _.84. The vegetable curry is served with rice and _.85. The car pulled up toofast and _ on the dusty shoulder of the road.86. _ is an amusing musical play, and is also used to mean mime.87. All the parts have been taken from stock but they need to be _ before shipping.88. Having agreed a price through the computer, the customers own machine can then automatically produce an invoice to _ the deal.89. She always has prune in _ for breakfast.90. Many thousands of refugees have already died from _.C) gore syllabus finale whereupon hooligan skulk tartan skimp ramp paragon91. All the dancers come on stage during the grand _.92. Which modern novels are on the _ this year?93. Many families must _ on their food and other necessities just to meet the monthly rent.94. _ is mainly associated with Scotland.95. The bullfighter was almost _ to death.96. I thought I saw someone in the bushes-perhaps we should call the police.97. _ had sprayed paint all over the car.98. To get to the cinema foyer, you have to push the wheelchair up the _.99. The author seems to view the British system as a _ of democracy.100.I told her she looked fat, _ she threw the entire contents of a saucepan at me and burst into tears.参考答案：I. 1～10 BADDB BDCAB 11～20 ABDBC ABADB21～30 BAABB BADDDII. 31～40 ACACC CABAB 41～50 ADBDC ABCAD51～60 CBCDA DCDCC 61～70 DACBA ABADAIII. 71.verdant 72.bikinis 73.devolve 74 . efface 75 . swivelled76.console 77.raisins 78.glinted 79.cogitating 80.alumni81.elves 82.siphoning 83.tarmac 84.lentils 85.skidded86 . Pantomime 87 . invoiced 88.consummate 89.syrup 90 . mulnutrition 91.finale 92.syllabus 93.skimp 94.Tartan 95. gored96. skulking 97. Hooligans 98. ramp 99. paragon 100. whereupon。

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(3)"I´m going down and get that kitty," the American wife said. "I´ll do it," her husband offered from the bed. "No, I´ll get it. The poor kitty out trying to keep dry under a table. "
(1)There were only two Americans stopping at the hotel. They did not know any of the people they passed on the stairs on their way to and from their room. Their room was on the second floor facing the sea. It also faced the public garden and the war monument. There were big palms and green benches in the public garden. In the good weather there was always an artist with his easel. Artists liked the way the palms grew and the bright colors of the hotels facing the gardens and the sea. Italians came from a long way off to look up at the war monument. It was made of bronze and glistened in the rain. It was raining. The rain dripped from the palm trees. The sea broke in a long line in the rain and slipped back down the beach to come up and break again in a long line in the rain. Across the square in the doorway of the cafe a waiter stood looking out of the empty square.

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Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
第23题
22．
A.Taking red-eye flights.
B.Ordering discount tickets.
C.Buying cheaper tickets to destinations beyond.
paring the prices of flights before ordering.
第26题
25．
A.By keeping trips short.
B.By consulting the travel agent.
C.By staying on a plane.
D.By arranging for stopovers.
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(27~30/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)
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第8题பைடு நூலகம்
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英语专业八级考试模拟题

（英语专业八级考试全真模拟试卷）NAME:NUMBER:________________TESTFORENGLISHMAJIORS -----GRANTEIGHT----TIMELIMIT:70MINPARTI LISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(15MIN)SECTIONA INTERVIEW Inthissectionyouwillheareverythin gONCEONLY.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions1to5arebasedonaninterview.Attheendoftheinterv iew,youwillbegiven10secondstoanswereachofthefollowing5questions.Nowlistentotheinterview.()1.AccordingtoRichard,whatwastheconceptofhealthbeforethe1940s?Mechanicaloperationofthebody.Absenceofdiseaseorillness.Ph ysical,mentalandsocialwell-being.Cleanwater,improvedsanitationandhousing.()2.WhendidtheWhodefinehealthintermsoftheholisticoperationofaperson’smind,bodyandsprite?[A]Inthe1940s.[B]Inthe1970s.[C]Inthe1980s.[D]Inthe1990s.()3.WhatattitudedoesRichardholdtowardindividualisticlifestylesapproach?[A]Supportive.[B]Prejudiced.[C]Negative.[D]Confused.()4.Accordingtothesocio-ecologicalviewofhealth.Allofthefollowingrelatetopeople’healthEXCEPT[A]Society.[B]Gender.[C]Economy.[D]Environment.()5.WhichcityholedthefirstInternationalConferenceofHealthPromotionin1986?[A]London.[B]Tokyo.[C]NewYork.[D]Ottawa.SECTIONBGAP-FILLING Inthissection,youwillhearamini-lecture;youwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelistening,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwil lneedthemtocompletethegap-fillingtaskafterthemini-lecture.Whenthelectureisover,youwillbegiven2minutestocheckandcompletethegap-fillingtask.Nowlistentothemini-lecture.Morethan40yearsago,LeeKuanYew6________whatwasapoor,decayingcolonyintoashining,richandmoderncity,allthetime7______ __byhostilepowers.Withhisbrilliantintellectandpowersof8________,heisoneoftheworld’luntsmostand9b__________statemen.Oneofthe10_____ _____successesofLeeKuanYew1’s1ofSingaporewashismakingSingaporetheleastcorruptnationinAsia.Hesays,mustbe12“They awage equalwithwhatmenoftheirability andintegrityareearningformanagingabigcorporationor13__________legalorotherprofessionalpractice.TheyhavetomanageaSingaporeeconomythat14__________anannualgrowthrateofeighttoninepercentinthelasttwodecades,givingitscitizensan15__________incomethatin1 995wastheninthhighestintheworld.”PartII READINGCOMPREHENSION(15MIN)SECTIONA Directions:Inthissecti on,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcom pletethestatementsintheFEWESTpossibleanswersquestionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.SincetheAmericanswithDisabilitie sActbecamelaw10yearsago,thephrase“assistitechnology”hasbecomeacommonphrandseaboomingbusiness.Inadditiontotheinstallation ofsidewalkcurbcutsandspeciallydesignedaccessramps,liftsandbathroomsinpublicplaces,awidearrayofelectronicdevicesandotherequip menthasbeendesignedtohelpthosewithvaryingdegreesofdisabilitiesleadmoreenjoyableandproductivelives.Thepopularizationofproduct stoassistthedisabledhastriggeredabusinessboomlifeofmanypeoplewithdisabilities.Theadvanceshaveallowedpeopletoliveindependently ,toworkandparticipateintheircommunities.”Manyentrepreneursgetintotheassistivetechnologybusinessliterallybyaccident.Forexample,oneoftheworld’tops10motorcycleracers wasinvolvedinacaraccidentin1978whichlefthimblind.Hethenstudiedcomputerscience,startedhisowncompany,anddevelopedaprogramt rgecompaniesareinvestinginpr oductsforthosewithdisabilities.InJune2000,theCaliforniaCouncilontheBlindandWellsFargoBankannouncedwhattheysaidmightbethenati on’fir s tefforttoinstalltalkingautomatedtellermachines.Wellspledgedtoinstallaudioheadphonesforvisuallyimpairedcustomersateachofitsm orethan1,500ATMsinCalifornia.Despitetechnologicaladvancesandthelawthatfor10yearshasbannedemployersfromdiscriminatingagains tjobapplicantsbecausetheyhaveaphysicalormentaldisability,notallthenewsisgood.TheCenterforanaccessibleSocietyreportsthatAmerica nemployershaveyettosuccessfullytapthemarketof43millionworking-ageAmericanswithdisabilities.Althoughtheunemploymentrateisthelowestin30years,Americanswithdisabilitiesstillhaveanunemployment rateof70percent,thesamelevelasadecadeago.Accordingtoparagraphone,assistivetechnologyreferstotechnologyusedto_____________ _____________________________________.Accordingtothepassage,thedisabledpeoplecanoperatewirelessdevicesby___________ ____________________________________insteadofhands.Accordingtoparagraph3,technologyisagodsendinthatitprovidesthedisabl ed___________________________________________..WhichbankwillbethefirstinAmericatoinstalltalkingATMmachines?_________ __________________________________________________________________20.Accordingtothepassage,theunemploymentrate amongtheAmericandisabilities10yearsagowas_______.SectionBDirections:Thereisonepassageinthissection.Thepassageisfollowedbyfivequestions.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoice smarkedA),B),C)andD).Along-heldviewofthehistoryoftheEnglishcoloniesthatbecametheUnitedStateshasbeenthatEngland’policystowardthesecoloniesbefore1763 wasdictatedbycommercialinterestsandthatachangetoamoreimperialpolicy,dominatedbytheobjectivesofexpandingtheterritorybyforce, generatedthetensionsthatultimatelyledtotheAmericanRevolution.Inarecentstudy,StephenSaundersWebbhaspresentedaformidablech allengetothisview.AccordingtoWebb,EnglandalreadyhadamilitaryimperialpolicyformorethanacenturybeforetheAmericanRevolution.H eseesthatmonarchsinthesixteenthcenturywerebentonextendingcentralizedexecutivepoweroverEngland’possessionsthroughtheuse ofwhatWebbcalls“garrison(要塞)government”.Garrisongovernmentallowedthecolonistsalegislativeassembly,butrealauthority,inWebb’sview,tobelongedthecolonialg overnor,whowasappointedbythe kingandsupportedbythe“garrison”,thatisbythelocaldelegationofEnglishtroopsunderthe colonistgovernor ’scommand.AccordingtoWebb,thepurposeofgarrisongovernmentwastoprovidemilitarysupportforaroyalpolicydesignedtolimitthepoweroft heupperclassesintheAmericancolonies.Webbarguesthatthecoloniallegislativeassembliesrepresentedtheinterestsnotofthecommonpeoplebutofthecolonialupperclasses,anallianceofmerchantsandnobleswhofavoredself-ruleandsoughttoelevatelegislativeauthorityattheexpenseofthe executive.Itwas,accordingtoWebb,thecolonialgovernorswhofavoredthesmallfarmer,opposedtheplantationsystem,andtriedthroughtaxationtobreakuplargeholdingsofland.Backedbythemilitary presenceof thegarrison,thesegovernorstriedtopreventthegentryand merchants,allied inthecolonialassemblies,fromtransformingcolonialAmericaintoacapitalisticoligarchy（寡头政治）.Webb’sstudyilluminatesthepoliticalalignmentsthatexistedinthecoloniesinthecenturypriortotheAmericanRevolution,buthisviewofthecrown’suseofthemilitaryasaninstrument of colonial policyis notentirelyconvincing.Englandduring theseventeenthcenturywasnotnotedfor itsmilitary achievements.Not untilthewar with Francein1697didWilliamⅢpersuadeParliamenttocreateaprofessionalstandingarmy,andParliament fordoingso’spricewastokeepthearmyundertightlegislativecontrol.Whileitmaybetruethatthecrownattemptedtocutdownthepowerofthecolonialupperclasses,itishardtoimaginehowtheEnglisharmyduringtheseventeenthcenturycouldhaveprovidedsignificantmilitarysupportforsuchapolicy.()21.Accordingtothelongheldview,whichofthefollowingis NOT thereasonthattheAmericanRevolutionstarted?AEngland’spolicytowardAmericancolonieshadchanged.BEnglandusedtocaremoreaboutcommercialinterests.CEngland’KingshadlostcontrolofAmericancolonies.DEnglandwantedtousemilitaryforcestoachievetheirobjectives.()22.AccordingtoWebb,whatisthereasonleadingtoAmericanRevolution?AMonarchsweredeterminedtoextendcentralizedexecutivepower overEngland’spossessions.BThecolonialgovernorswantedtogetawayfromtheroyalgovernment.CTheroyaltaxationtothecolonieswastoomuch.DThepolicyofgarrisongovernmentwasnotwelcomedbythecolonialgovernorsatall.()23.Whodoes“theexecutive”(Para2.Line5)referstointhispassage?((AThemonarchs.BThecoloniallegislativeassemblies.CThecolonialgovernors.DThecommonpeople.)24.AccordingtoWebb,whatconclusioncanbedrawnregard inggarrisongovernment?AGarrison government gavelegislative assembliesin thecolonies relativelylittleauthority,comparedtotheauthoritythatitgavethecolonialgovernors.BGarrisongovernmentbecameale ssviablecolonialpolicyastheEnglishParliamentbegantoexerttighterlegislativecontrolovertheEnglishmilitary.CGarrisongovernmentdidnotfavorthesmallerfarmer.DThecreationofaprofessionalstandingarmyinEnglandin1697actuallyweakenedgarrisongovernmentbydivertingtroopsfromthegarrisonstationedintheAmericancolonies.)25.Whatdoyouthinkoftheauthor’sattitudetowar dWebb’sview?ASupportive.BUnbelievable.CSarcastic.DDoubtful.PARTIIIWRITING(30MIN)Somepeoplethinkthattheycanlearnbetterbythemselvesthanwithateacher.O thersthinkthatitisalwaysbettertohaveateacher.Whichdoyouprefer?Usespecificreasonstodevelopyouressay.Writea nessayof300words.Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyouressay.Inthefirstpartofyourwritingyoushouldpresent yourthesisstatement,andinthesecondpartyoushouldsupportthethesisstatementwithappropriatedetails.Inthelastpar eyoushouldbringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionorasummary.TITLE:PARTIVORALTEST(10MIN)Directions:Pleasereadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexpressyo urviewsonthegivenevent.YouwillhaveFOURminutesforpreparation.ThetimelimitforyourcommentisFIVEminutes.Nowadays,studentswith“hot”degreeslike computerscience orfinancearemorelikelytogetajobthanstudentswith a“colddegree”like geography.Shoulduniversitiesgive priority to practical ortraditionalcourses?Why?参照答案及评分标准:全卷满分100分，以总分的60%计为合格。

专业英语八级(人文知识)模拟试卷80(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（人文知识）模拟试卷80(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGEPART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)Directions: There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question.1．The highest mountain in Britain is ______A．Scafell.B．Ben Nevis.C．Snowdonia.D．Belfast.正确答案：B解析：Scafell是英格兰的最高峰；Ben Nevis位于苏格兰，是英国的最高峰；Snow—donia是威尔士的最高峰，有名的旅游区；Belfast是北爱尔兰的首府，并非山峰的名字，故B正确。

知识模块：人文知识2．In Britain,the Conservative Party and the Labor Party are the major political powers. In general election,______tend to be more inclined to support the Conservative Party.A．the older and womenB．the young and menC．university studentsD．farmers正确答案：A解析：英国是两党制国家，保守党和工党轮流执政。

老人和妇女多数支持保守党，但是年轻人、男人、大学生和农民作为群体并没有明显的政党倾向性，故A正确。

知识模块：人文知识3．______, located at the southern end of Lake Michigan, is the second largest city in the U. S.A．New YorkB．Washington D.C.C．ChicagoD．Philadelphia正确答案：C解析：芝加哥是美国的第二大城市，最重要的线索是它位于密歇根湖的最南端，选项中的其他三个城市都不是位于湖区，故C正确。

专业英语八级模拟试卷80(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷80(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Good afternoon, everybody. Today we’ll go on with our discussion about “Elements of Culture”. We have talked about the element of language, which is viewed by sociologists as the foundation of every culture. Now let’s look at the second element--norms. What are norms? Norms can be defined as the established standards of behaviour maintained by a society. Well, you know, all societies have ways of encouraging and enforcing what they view as appropriate behaviour while discouraging and punishing what they consider to be improper conducts. For example, respect for older people is a norm found in China. “Put on some clean clothes for dinner” is a norm followed in America. Bowing deeply to each other when meeting and saying good-bye to people is a norm practised in Japan. These are all norms. In order for a norm to become significant, it must be widely shared and understood. For example, when we go to the movies, we typically expect that people will be quiet while the film is showing. Because of this norm, if a member of the audience talks loudly, he may be asked to lower his voice. And when we go to school or go to work, we are expected to be punctual. If someone is late, he or she may feel uneasy and should say sorry to others. Now we’ll have a look at the types of norms. Sociologists distinguish norms in two ways. First, norms can be classified as formal and informal. Formal norms have generally been written down and involve strict rules for punishment of violators. Laws are an example of formal norms, because in a political sense, the law is the body of rules, made by government for society, interpreted by the courts, and backed by the state. Besides, the requirements for a college major and rules of a card game are also formal norms. By contrast, informal norms are generally understood but are not precisely recorded. Standards of proper dress are a common example of informal norms. Our society has no specific punishment or sanction if a student comes to college dressed quite differently from everyone else. The most likely response is that he or she might be made fun of by other students for his or her unusual choice of clothing. Second, norms are also classified by their relative importance to society. When classified this way, they areknown as mores and folkways. Mores are norms that are regarded highly necessary to the welfare of a society, often because they embody the most valuable principles of a people. Each society demands obedience to its mores, and violation can lead to severe penalties. For example, our society has strong mores against murder and treason. Folkways are norms governing everyday behaviour whose violation raised relatively little concern. For example, walking up a “down”escalator in a department store challenges our standards of appropriate behaviour, but it will not result in a fine or a jail sentence. Folkways play an important role in shaping the daily behaviour of members of a culture. OK, how do people accept norms? Now we’ll talk about the acceptance of norms. First, norms, whether mores or folkways, are not followed in all situations. In some cases, people evade a norm because they know it is weakly enforced. For example, although smoking in public is forbidden, we often find people smoking in buses or other public places. Second, norms are violated in some instances because one norm conflicts with another. For example, suppose you live in an apartment building and one night you hear the screams of the woman next door. She is being beaten by her husband. If you decided to intervene by calling the police, you are violating the norm of “mind your own business” or “don’t interfere with other family’s business”, while at the same time you are following the norm of assisting a victim of violence. Then, even when norms do not conflict, there are always exceptions to any norm. The same action, under different circumstances, can cause one to be viewed either as a hero or as a villain. For example, Eaves-drop- ping on telephone conversation is normally considered illegal or mean, but it can be done by the police to obtain valid evidence for a criminal trial. Even killing another human being is tolerated as a form of self-defence and is actually rewarded in warfare. Acceptance of norms is also subjected to change, as the political, economic, and social conditions of a culture is transformed. For example, under traditional norms, a woman was expected to marry, rear children, and remain at home if her husband could support the family. However, these norms have been changing in recent decades, and more and more women are ready to or encouraged to have her own career and support the family together with her husband. As support for traditional norms weakens, people will feel free to violate them more frequently and openly and will be less likely to receive serious negative sanctions for doing so. Well, time is almost up for today’s lecture. To sum up, norms are established standards of behaviour maintained by a society. They are distinguished in two ways, that is, formal or informal norms according to their formality, and mores and folkways according to their relative importance to society. People in a culture normally follow its norms, but acceptance of norms differs in different situations and social conditions. Next time we’ll go on with other elements of culture, sanctions and values. See you then.Norms: Types and Acceptance Sociologists find that to understand a culture, it is very important to understand its norms.Ⅰ. Definition of “Norms”They are the【1】standards of behaviour maintained by a society. 【1】________.Ⅱ. Types of Norms Norms are distinguished in two ways: A. Formal and informal norms Formal norms are generally【2】and involve strict rules for punishment of violators. 【2】________. One example is laws. Informal norms aregenerally【3】but are not precisely recorded. 【3】________. Standards of proper dress are an example. B. Mores and folkways Mores embody the most valuable【4】of a people and are regarded highly necessary 【4】________. to the welfare of a society. Examples are mores against【5】and treason. 【5】________. Folkways govern【6】and the violation cause relatively little concern. 【6】________. They are important in shaping people’s daily behaviour.Ⅲ. Acceptance of Norms People in a culture normally follow its norms, but they are not followed in all situations. A. In some cases, people evade a weakly-enforced norm. 【7】is an example 【7】________. B. In some instances norms are violated because one norm【8】with another.【8】________. For-example, your intervening of your neighbour’s improper behaviour. C. Any norm has【9】【9】________. Eaves-dropping and self-defence are examples. D. Acceptance of norms is subjected to【10】【10】________. Women’s role is an example.1．【1】正确答案：established/fixed2．【2】正确答案：written down3．【3】正确答案：understood4．【4】正确答案：principles5．【5】正确答案：murder6．【6】正确答案：everyday behaviour/normal behaviour7．【7】正确答案：Smoking in public8．【8】正确答案：conflicts9．【9】正确答案：exceptions10．【10】正确答案：social changeSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：Z: As China is going to join the WTO, the legal profession is facing a real challenge. A more global-minded type of lawyer has emerged and will grow in number. Here in the studio we have Phil Thomas with us. He’ll talk about the legal profession in the context of globalization. Welcome to the studio. People talk about economic globalization a lot but what challenges does this process present to the legal profession?P: Within the UK, it has offered a huge challenge and opportunity for existing and forthcoming lawyers. Traditionally, lawyers have spent their time in court, dealing with efficacy matters or that they have dealt with individuals in terms of properties or houses, that sort of work. But suddenly, this huge international corporations come along and become your clients, and the legal service they demand from you involves, say, the law in China rather than the law in England. That means we have to rethink what we do in legal practice in order to serve effectively and efficiently these global investors.Z: China and Britain have rather different legal systems. Phil, maybe you could explain a bit more on that.P: The British legal system is based entirely on what we call Common Law, which was originally case development out of the judges. So a case occurs and principle emerges from that. We now have more legislation. But nevertheless, it is a process whereby cases come to court and then the lawyers develop out of the judicial decisions thereby. The major difference is that our law is and has been entirely based upon principles of capitalism and that produces very different sets of tenants. For example, the individual becomes the principal person in terms of how the law perceives a relationship and the state has a different sort of role from the position in China. But Chinese start lawmaking activities by the legislatures, and judges tend to follow the interpretation of the lawmaking body, either the National People’s Congress or a particular government minis- try. The other aspect of our law, which is different from either British law or Common Law, is that we are gradually developing the system of law based on the concept of socialist market economy.Z: What particular skills should a global lawyerhave? .P: Being clever in difficult situations, and thinking fast on your feet. Being able to negotiate, able to work long hours. Basically being clever, but not necessarily knowing lots and lots of law. You need to have advocacy skills, persuasive skills; you need to have the ability to advise your client during a very short period of time. But what is important to be a lawyer who can assist client across national boarders is that you must be able to communicate concepts and ideas very well and help to facilitate such communication between the clients directly.Z: And they need to be bilingual or trilingual?P: Absolutely. Now we see more and more multilingual students operating in the UK, sons and daughters of immigrants who speak Italian or Chinese at home. Talking about Chinese lawyers, I would say there are two skills they would need to have. One is that they need to be fluent in English. Another thing is that they need to be culturally comfortable with people from the West because many of their clients are likely to come from North America or from Europe This cultural awareness is very important and one of the very best ways of achieving it is to go over and spend time in that culture so that you become immersed in it and learn to appreciate the values of that other culture.Z: While economic globalization is happening, do you think the legal practice will ever become internationalized?P: Well, as global investment is going to continue the pace, more and more money is going to be seen to be travelling around the world. That would suggest to me that the demand for lawyers is going to grow in the global market. At the same time, the demand for lawyers in the domestic market is also likely to grow. One shouldn’t become over-enthusiastic about the global lawyers because there are many other sorts of practices, which existed and continue to exist. People continue to get married, people continue to get divorced. People buy property, sell property. So lawyers who deal with that sort of things will continue to be needed by the society.Z: Chinese law firms are usually small or medium size. How are they able to compete with their Western counterparts, which are bigger and financially stronger?P: We find it’s very hard to compete with foreign law firms with a better infrastructure, like a huge translation department, like the various expertise you can hope for from every corner of the world. They produce documents in ways faster than we do because they have better support and they have more money. If one Chinese lawyer is to compete with one foreign lawyer, I’m sure there will be a tough competition. But when a whole team of Chinese lawyers compete with a whole team of international lawyers, we lack the type of skills like coordination, like support, like the way to produce documents. We simply lack the management skills to be able to compete with international law firms.Z: So we don’t lack individual talents. But to tackle this problem you’ve mentioned, what do we need? More practical training or more academic training?P: Talented lawyers are generally produced by work experiences here in China. That is something different from systemic professional training by either law schools or the lawyer association. For one thing, Chinese law students do not have prior work-related experiences and for another they do not have someone to guide them for lawyer skills. That is one thing perhaps the law society and law schools should work together on. China needs people who have hands on experience, who have the ability to communicate with clients, who have the confidence in themselves because of their professional training.11．The interview is mainly about _____.A．economic globalizationB．legal profession in the context of globalizationC．legal professionD．economic matters in the context of globalization正确答案：B12．According to the interview, what is the major difference between China and Britain in terms of legal systems?A．Different cultural background.B．Less legislation, more legislation.C．Different processes.D．Socialist society, capitalist society.正确答案：D13．According to the interview, a global lawyer should possess the following skills except _____.A．advocacy skillsB．persuasive skillsC．facilitating skillsD．supporting skills正确答案：D14．According to the passage, which is the best way to cultivate cultural awareness?A．One should spend time as much as possible in the target culture.B．One should make more foreign friends.C．One should be confident in himself in dealing with cultural matters.D．One should communicate well with foreign clients.正确答案：A15．Chinese law firms, compared with their western counterparts, lack _____.A．individual talentsB．teamworkC．work-related experienceD．communicative skills正确答案：BSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：MAINZ, Germany--At least 4,000 demonstrators vented their anger at the visit of US President George W. Bush to Germany but were kept well away from the security ring around him. The protesters brandished placards reading “Terrorist No. 1” and “Bush swim home” while police helicopters circled overhead. The organizers of the rallies, an alliance of pacifist groups under the motto “Not Welcome, Mr. Bush”, said they were expecting 10,000 people to attend, but police put the numbers at about 4,000.16．The demonstration took place in _______.A．BerlinB．MainzC．Washington D.C.D．Germony正确答案：B17．The motto of this demonstration is “_______.”A．Terrorist No. 1B．Bush swim homeC．Not welcome, Mr. BushD．Take away Bush正确答案：C听力原文：CHINA’S population will officially reach 1.3 billion by Thursday, according to the National Bureau of Statistics. Some experts have claimed the government’s family planning policies of the past 30 years delayed the arrival of that figure by four years. It is expected to increase by about 10 million people annually and to peak at 1. 46 billion in the mid 2030s, Xinhua has quoted population experts as saying last year.18．What’s true about China’s family planning policies?A．Not work well.B．Increase the population number.C．Delay the increase of populationD．It will not exist in the year 2030.听力原文：Russian President Vladimir Putin says Russia will support any option of reforming the UN’s Security Council approved by consensus. Russian President Vladimir Putin says debate on the United Nations reform would not split the organization. Putin made the remarks after talks with French President Jacques Chirac and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder. Putin said that Russia will support any option of reforming the United Nations’Security Council approved by consensus. Putin said Russia will continue supporting Germany as candidate to the seat of permanent member of the UN Security Council. Jacques Chirac and Gerhard Schroeder came to Kaliningrad at Putin’s invitation to mark the 750th anniversary of the exclave’s founding.19．According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?A．Putin says Russia will support any option of reforming the UN’s Security Council approved by consensus.B．Putin made the remarks before talks with French President and German Chancellor.C．Russia will continue supporting Germany as candidate to the seat of permanent member of the UN Security Council.D．Chirac and Schroeder came to Kaliningrad to mark the 750th anniversary of the exclave’s founding.正确答案：B听力原文：The World Heritage Committee (WHC) overlooking conservation of global heritage sites will convene its annual meeting next week in Durban, South Africa, to review 42 proposed sites for inscription on the prestigious World Heritage List. Extensions for nine sites that have already been inscribed will also be proposed during the 29th session of the WHC under the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), according to the organization’s official website. The proposed sites include 28 cultural sites, 10 natural sites and 4 mixed sites presented by 44 countries, including Albania, China and the host country South Africa.20．How many cultural sites have been proposed for inscription on the World Heritage List?A．42B．28C．10D．4PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.They sparkle and glitter in the light. No other rocks are so hard. They are very valuable. It might cost thousands and thousands of dollars to buy just one. Most are found in the ground. The largest ore ever discovered is as big as a man’s fist. But most are tiny. They’re diamonds! For hundreds of years men have risked their lives searching for diamonds. To many the discovery of this glittering treasure has seemed more important than the discovery of new lands. Fairy stories tell of brave knights who battled fierce dragons and evil wizards to win kingdom rich with diamonds. In the Tower of Ion- don in England, there is a very special room protected by guards. There, inside a thick glass case, are jeweled crowns once worn by kings and queens. People from all over the world come to see the shimmering diamonds and other precious stones that shine from behind the glass. Most diamonds seem to flash with a kind of white fire. But there are diamonds that sparkle in other colors, too. Sometimes diamonds are discovered in gravel at the bottom of rivers and streams. (To get these diamonds, the gravel is sucked up through giant hoses that act like vacuum cleaners.) Diamonds are found in rivers, on land, and in great stretches of hot desert sand. A few small ones are even found or near meteorites that strike the ground from outer space. But most diamonds are found in rocks deep inside the diamond mines of Africa. The diamonds were made millions and millions of years ago when flaming volcanoes melted a mineral called carbon which was a part of these rocks. Gigantic earthquakes shook the rock and pressed them tightly together. The hot melted carbon in the rock squeezed at the same time--squeezed so tightly that by the time it cooled, it had changed into the lovely hard gems called diamonds. To get at these valuable diamond rocks, workers ride in an elevator that goes down and down into the blackness far below the ground. Tunnels connect this deep shaft with the openings--called pipes--inside the ancient volcanoes. When they are first dug from the mines, diamonds don’t glitter or sparkle as they do when we see them in rings or other jewelry. They look more like dull bits of glass. A man who knows all about diamonds--a diamond cutter--must cut them just right. Diamonds are so hard that nothing can cut them except the edge of an- other diamond. Using his diamond-edged tools, the diamond cutter carefully removes tiny pieces so that the diamond will have many sharp edges and smooth surfaces--like little windows. It is because of these shaft edges and smooth surfaces that the diamond reflects light, sparkles and flashes with tiny bursts of color, and seems almost ablaze with fire. Diamond cutters often use diamond saws. The fine powder--diamond dust--that is left after the sa- wing is done can be used in a kind of sandpaper to polish the sparking gems. Not all diamonds are clear enough or pretty enough or large enough to bemade into jewelry. But because they are so hard, they can be used for other things, such as points for drills and needles for record player. These diamonds are called industrial diamonds. Some of them are man made. Carbon is heated until it is hot and then squeezed. If men ever learn how to make it hot enough and to squeeze it tightly enough, they will probably be able to make big diamonds. Then maybe diamonds will be cheap enough to use as buttons on your shirt or coat! (610)21．The following are the characters of diamonds EXCEPT ______.A．they sparkle and glitter in the lightB．they are very hardC．they are very valuableD．they are tiny正确答案：D解析：事实细节题。

专业英语八级模拟试卷900(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷900(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE USAGE 4. TRANSLATION 5. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.听力原文：Slang in English Good afternoon, everyone. Today we’ll discuss a common linguistic phenomenon in English—slang. For hundreds of years, English has been continuously changing. Words that were unacceptable 300 years ago are now commonplace. English has always had a trademark of being a comfortable language, the language of the common people. Change in the grammar and diction of a language is natural, and English is always confronted with changes. Among them are the use of slang, clipped word endings, and new dialects. Some conservatives do not like changes because they claim that standard English is a perfect language; they do not want to corrupt it. Others simply do not like change. So, let’s have a look at the features of slang in the English language. First, slang affects the vocabulary of English. American English, especially, is always adding new words to its vocabulary for social, scientific, or artistic reasons. The scientific and artistic words do not bother the public a lot, for they only concern a limited group of people. But the social, or slang words do trouble linguists, especially the conservative ones. They do fear that after slang continues to thrust new words to the English vocabulary, it will not remain pure and clean as standard English. Second, slang indicates young people’s urge of say in society. Slang is usually created by children or teens who seek social status. Since kids are the source of new slang, some adults look down on it with the assumption that kids are unintelligent and simply rebelling against established English grammar and diction. However, most of the adults did the same thing when they were children. Adults have been frowning on slang for generations. Some conservatives claim that the lack of standard English is due to an education deficiency. They explain that the reason some slang is created by kids in inner-city areas is that the kids drop out of school, because the kids are stupid, and therefore never learn standard English. In reality, the kids drop out of school because they are told that the way they speak is stupid. The conservatives are not willing to help the kids with “bad” dialects. Perhaps this is because of a prejudice, sort of “once slang, always slang”mentality. The conservatives should use the kids’dialects to help the kids learn standard English. Third, slang is usually not used by people of high social status and this is anotherreason why conservatives look down upon slang. If they hear someone speaking in Jive, they will be angry because Jive is not the way that high class people speak. People who do not like slang are usually prejudiced as well. They do not want to hear other ways of talking because it deviates from the way they talk. Also, much slang comes from other languages, of which conservatives might also be prejudiced. The dialect that a person uses may make him comfortable, but this is not considered. If a language is not comfortable, why would you want to speak it? Fourth, slang equals change of language. As is known to all, language is a live thing that embraces any change to fit the paradigms of society. For example, in Shakespeare’s time, many contractions used today were considered poor English. Rarely could a person of high social status be found using “don’t” in a sentence. Today, however, people may use contractions without fear of being scorned by society. This simply illustrates the same types of people who opposed contractions in the past are opposing slang and new dialects of English. They do not realize that the way they speak differs from the way that their predecessors spoke. People opposed to language change only defend their dialect, which will die out anyway, and prove their intolerance of change. Furthermore, language will be thought of differently in the future because new mediums of communication will be used, the largest one being the Internet. Today, many people are using the Internet to “talk” to people all over the world. The Internet has its own language, which conservatives view as computer slang. No matter what diction or dialect you speak, you still have to type out an Internet message in standard Internet. There are words used specifically for the Internet, usually acronyms that are universally understood by the Netizens. Those acronyms could be called part of the cyber-slang, which is of course not accepted by conservatives, but who knows whether after several years, it will probably appear in standard dictionaries. Actually, conservatives have no reason to bother with whether a person’s dialect or diction will be understood in spoken language, because most communication will be typed, not spoken, in a neutral Internet language. However, is this change really as horrible as conservatives predict? Conservatives have one reason to oppose language progression: fear. Conservatives have a fear that the language they speak will not be the primary one. For this reason, they will put down slang and other dialects simply because slang and dialects are not standard English. As a matter of fact, standard English is just another dialect; however, and thinking one dialect greater than another is mere prejudice. If any change of language is prohibited, people would never be able to express themselves in new ways because there would never be any new words. Now, to sum up today’s lecture, we have reviewed some characteristics of slang in English. Since slang is often coined by the youth and usually used by people of low social status, conservatives cast scorn on it. However, slang indicates that language is rather a vital life that is full of changes and slang best fills in the role to bring vigorous changes to the English language. So, prejudice against it is groundless. OK, this brings us to the end of today’s lecture. Thank you for your attention.Slang in English Today we’ll discuss a common linguistic phenomenon in English—slang. The features of slang are listed as follows: I. Slang affects the English 【T1】_____. 【T1】______ A. New words added forsocial, scientific or artistic reasons B. Slang—the social new words troubling 【T2】______ 【T2】______ II. Slang is young people’s urge of say. A. Created by 【T3】______ 【T3】______ —Reason: 【T4】______ 【T4】______ —Result: looked down upon by adults considered unintelligent and 【T5】______ 【T5】______ B. The conservative view: lack of standard English due to 【T6】______ 【T6】______ C. Possible solution: use kids’【T7】______to help them learn standard 【T7】______ English. III. Slang is usually used by people of 【T8】______. 【T8】______ A. People who do not like slang are 【T9】______, and they do not 【T9】______ want to hear other ways of talking B. Much slang comes from 【T10】______. 【T10】______ IV. Slang equals change of language A. Change of a language is to fit the 【T11】____of society B. People who oppose slang and new dialects of English 【T11】______ —do not realize the way people speak 【T12】_____time —prove themselves to be intolerant of change 【T12】______ C. Language will 【T13】______in the future —people talk via the Internet now 【T13】______ —the Internet has its own language —【T14】______is not accepted by conservatives —it will probably appear in 【T15】______ 【T14】______ V. Conclusion: slang brings changes to language. 【T15】______1．【T1】正确答案：vocabulary解析：要点题。

英语专业八级考试模拟题10（1）

PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION In Section A, B and C you will hear everything ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response to each question on the Colored Answer Sheet. SECTION A TALK Question 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk. 1. The best word to describe people's attitudes towards the opening of the new museum is ____. A) welcome B) against C) indifferent D) controversial 2. The museum is located ____. A) in an art center B) in a business district C) in California University D) near Hollywood 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of the museum? A) Box-shaped. B) Five-story tall. C) Grandiose. D) White and gray. 4. The museum belongs to ____. A) a petroleum millionaire B) a famous artist C) Los Angles County D) California Art Center 5. Kasamere Malaviz is ____. A) the director of the new museum B) a Russian artist C) chairman of the Occidental Petroleum Cooperation D) the Los Angeles County Museum director SECTION B INTERVIEW Question 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following question. Now listen to the interview. 6. According to the interviewee, what category does she belong to? A) Non-smoker. B) Light-smoker. C) Heavy-smoker. D) Chain smoker. 7. From Mrs. Bradley's point of view, what kind of people smoke a pipe? A) Nervy people. B) Restless people. C) Calm contented type. D) The upper-class people. 8. How many times did Mrs. Bradley try to give up smoking? A) Once. B) Twice. C) Three times. D) Many times. 9. When does Mrs. Bradley smoke most? A) When she is doing housework. B) When she is watching TV. C) When she is reading. D) When she is with friends. 10. Why does Mrs. Bradley smoke? A) In order to relax. B) In order to be excitable. C) In order to feel important. D) In order to keep herself awake. SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. ANSWER SHEET ONE Fill in each of the gaps with ONE suitable word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Higher Education In The United States In the United States, a student who has finished high school may want to continue in hihger education. There are several ways to continue higher education in the United States. There are (16), colleges, (17) colleges and technical or (18) schools. A university usually has several colleges. There may be a college of liberal arts, where (19), social science, natural science and mathematics are taught. There may be a college of (20) or education. A college is also like a university in the kind of students it has, but a college usually has only one or two kinds ofprograms and does not have (21) or professional programs. Like the university, a college may be funded publicly, or (22), or by a religious group. Community colleges are quite different. Their program lasts only (23) years. Not all the subjects are the usual school subjects. Many students are adults with children. When they complete a two-year program, they receive an associate of arts or associate of science degree. They must go to a college or a university for two more years to get the (24) degree. The technical school has only job training. Some programs may take six months, while others may take two years or more. The school provides training for work in areas such as electronics, (25), pluming and others. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. PART II PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION The following passage contains ten errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way: For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "^" sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line. EXAMPLE When ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it (never/) buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3)exhibit I think it is true to saying that, in general, language teachers (26) have paid little attention to the way sentences are used in combination to form stretches of disconnected discourse. They have tended to take (27) their cue from the grammarian and have concentrated to the teaching (28) of sentences as self-contained units. It is true that these are often represented in "contexts" and strung together in dialogues and (29) reading passages, but these are essentially setting to make the formal properties of the sentences stand out more clearly, properties which are then established in the learners brain(30) by means of practice drill and exercises. Basically, the language teaching unit is the (31) sentence as a formal linguistic object. The language teachers view of what that constitutes knowledge of a language is essentially the same (32) as Chomskys knowledge of a syntactic structure of sentences, (33) and of the transformational relations which hold them. Sentences are seen as paradigmatically rather than syntagmatically related. Such a knowledge "provides the basis for the actual use of language by the speaker-hearer". The assumption that the language appears to make (34) is that once this basis is provided, then the learner will have no difficulty in the dealing with the actual use of language. (35) 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.。

专业英语八级模拟试卷270(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级模拟试卷270(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 2. READING COMPREHENSION 3. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE 4. PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION 5. TRANSLATION 6. WRITINGPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREDirections: In this section you sill hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.听力原文：Fashion The first clothes were probably made just to protect people from the cold. But men and women soon wanted their clothes to be more than practical: they wanted them to be beautiful, too. The more advanced a society became, the more attention was paid to the manner of dress. Not long ago, the hand-made beautiful clothes were usually elaborate and always expensive. Fashion was for the royal, the rich, and the famous. Now mass production has made stylish clothes available to almost everyone. The modern fashion business has become one of the busiest activities in the world. In designing a dress the fashion designer works with three things: silhouette, fabric, and color. First, silhouette. Silhouette is the shape of the dress. It is determined by the flare of the skirt and the fit of the bodice, as well as the shape of the sleeves, the location of the waistline, and the cut of the neckline. The central and most important point of a silhouette is the waistline. It can be high, normal, low, or there can be no waist at all. A high waistline is called Empire, because it was made fashionable by Napoleon’s wife Josephine, who set the style for all the ladies of the French Empire. The most common waistline is the normal, or natural, one. It is usually belted. A waistline placed below the natural waist gives a long, slim silhouette that is called a torso look. The hemline is the second most important part of a silhouette. Hemlines vary in length anywhere from floor length to the short, above-the-knee kilt. In the ever-changing styles of women’s clothes, it is the waistline and hemline that change more than any other part of the silhouette. Second, fabric. The shape of a garment depends on how a fabric falls and how it looks when pinned and belted. Light fabrics such as silk and cotton cling to the body or fall around it in soft folds. More definite shapes that stand away from the body can be made of heavier fabrics such as velvet, linen, and flannel. Naturally designers choose fabrics according to the seasons. Fabrics can be both natural and man-made. Cotton, linen and burlap are made from natural fibers that come from plants. Other natural fabrics such as wool, furs, and silk come from animals. Man-made fabrics are called synthetics. They can be made to look like transparent silks or heavy wools. Often it isdifficult to tell a synthetic from a pure silk, wool, or cotton. Some materials, like nylon, are completely synthetics others, like cotton acetates, are a combination of a man-made and a natural fiber. Man-made materials have certain advantages —they frequently wear longer, wash more easily, and do not wrinkle as much as natural fabrics. Often they are less expensive. Since the price of a dress depends partially on the cost of the material out of which it is made, synthetics have made possible a wide choice of inexpensive clothes. Third, color. Not long ago the color of a dress depended on the season and the time of day when it was worn. Winter wools were always dark. Summer cottons always light and pale. Bright colors were worn only by the young or for gala occasions. However, fashion designers have become more daring in their use of color. Vivid combinations are common. We often see bright orange, purple, or red combined with pink, and blue and lavender with bright green. Now wools can be pale and summery, cottons can be dark, and city clothes vivid. Perhaps the only traditional color left is white for the bride. The French word couturier means “dressmaker.” In the world of fashion, the word has come to mean “a designer of high fashion.”It is these designers who begin trends and create new silhouettes. The work of famous couturiers is copied all over the world. Paris has always been the traditional center of world fashion. It is here that centuries of elegant court life and the love for beautiful things inspired some of the loveliest clothes ever made. Today, couturier salons such as Dior, Ricci, Chanel, Givenchy, and many others carry on the tradition. But with the speed of modern communications, especially television, fashion today is almost universal. New styles are worn in Tokyo and Tel Aviv as soon as they are in London, Paris, and New York. And today new fashion trends are as likely to start with young people’s fad as they are to come from a “name”designer’s sketch pad. Wherever fashion begins, it always keeps pace with a changing world.People usually communicate by spoken and written language, yet they can also communicate without words and this kind of communication often is more important than getting the content of the message across. Body language falls into this category of communication. Ⅰ. Need for body language 1)When connecting with a person, we have to make it clear how the content of a spoken message needs to be【1】______. And how we do this tells something about【2】______ between people. 2)Often【3】______ are inadequate for this purpose, and therefore we use body language. —e. g. looking someone in the eyes means something different than not looking someone in the eyes Ⅱ. Functions and features of body language 1)Body language decides to a large extent【4】______ of our communication, and therefore we should —learn to use our body language for a purpose —learn to understand and explain body language of others 2)How we can explain body language depends on —situation —culture —relationship we have with the person —【5】______ of the other 3)Body language is interlinked with —spoken language —a whole pattern of【6】______ from a person 4)Body language signs can【7】______ each other to —make a meaning clear —strengthen the meaning of what we communicate 5)Some groups have developed a wholespecific body language which can be very explicit in its meaning and is used to communicate where the use of words may be difficult or dangerous. Ⅲ. Specific use of body language 1)Body language is used especially to express feelings. —People may give out double messages: one message in words and【8】______ message in body language. —Most people believe more steadily their impression of how a person acts through body language than what is said through words. —People tend to【9】______ the spoken words if they do not correspond with the body language. 2)How we come across to someone is decided only for a small part by the words we speak but for a large part by our body language. —To leave a good impression, it is important for us to know and control our body language. —The person on the receiving end of our body language will have a feeling or impression difficult to describe, which is called【10】______.1．【1】正确答案：practical2．【2】正确答案：shape3．【3】正确答案：waistline4．【4】正确答案：fabric5．【5】正确答案：natural6．【6】正确答案：man-made7．【7】正确答案：season8．【8】正确答案：daring9．【9】正确答案：copied10．【10】正确答案：universalSECTION B INTERVIEWDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.听力原文：Interviewer: I’m talking to Janet Holmes who has spent many years negotiating for several well-known national and multinational companies. Hello, Janet.Janet: Hello.Interviewer: Now Janet, you’ve experienced and observed the negotiation strategies used by people from different countries and speakers of different languages. So, before we come on to the differences, could I ask you to comment first of all on what such encounters have in common?Janet: OK, well, I’m just going to focus on the situations where people speak English in international business situations.Interviewer: I see. Now not everyone speaks English to the same degree of proficiency. So maybe that affects the situation.’?Janet: Yes, perhaps. But that’s not always so significant Well, because, I mean, negotiations between business partners from different countries normally mean that we have negotiations between individuals who belong to distinct cultural traditions.Interviewer: Oh, I see.Janet: Well, every individual has a different way of performing various tasks in everyday life.Interviewer: Yes, but, but isn’t it the case that in a business negotiation they must come together and work together, to a certain extent? I mean, doesn’t that level out the style of the style of differences somewhat?Janet: Oh, I’m not so sure. I mean, there are people in the so called Western World who say that in the course of the past 30 or 40 years that a lot of things have changed a great deal globally. And that as a consequence national differences have diminished or have got fewer, giving way to some sort of international Americanized style.Interviewer: Yeah, I’ve heard that. Now some people say that ‘this Americanized style has acted as a model for local pat terns.Janet: Maybe it has, maybe it hasn’t. Because, on the one. hand, there does appear to be a fairly unified, even uniform style of doing business, with certain basic principles and preferences—you know, like ‘time is money’ , that sort of thing. But at the same time it’s very important to remember that we all retain aspects of our national characteristics—but it is actually behavior that we’re talking about here. We shouldn’t be too quick to generalize that to national characteristics and stereotypes. Itdoesn’t help much.Interviewer: Yeah, you mentioned Americanized style. What is particular about the American style of business bargaining or negotiating.’?Janet: Well, I’ve noticed that, for example, when Americans negotiate with people from Brazil, the American negotiators make their points in a direct self-explanatory way.Interviewer: I see.Janet: While the Brazilians make their points in a more indirect way.Interviewer: How’?Janet: Let me give you an example. Brazilian importers look the people they’re talking to straight in the eyes a lot. They spend time on what for some people seems to be back ground information. They seem to be more indirect.Interviewer: Then, what about the American negotiators?Janet: An American style of negotiating, on the other hand, is far more like that of pointmaking: first point, second point, third point, and so on. Now of course, this isn’t the only way in which one can negotiate. And there’s absolutely no reason why this should be considered the best way to negotiate.Interviewer: Right. Americans seem to have a different style, say, even from the British, don’t they?Janet: Exactly. Which just shows how careful you must be about generalizing. I mean, how else can you explain how American negotiators are seen as informal and sometimes much too open? For in British eyes Americans are direct—even blunt.Interviewer: Is that so? Janet: Yeah, and at the same time, for the British too, German negotiators can appear direct and uncompromising in negotiations. And yet if you experience Germans and Americans negotiating together it’s often the Americans who are being too blunt for the German negotiators.Interviewer: Fascinating. So people from different European countries use a different style, don’t they’?.Janet: N ... That’s right.Interviewer: OK ... so ... what about the Japanese then? I mean, is their style different from Americans and Europeans?Janet: Oh well, yes, of course. Many Europeans note the extreme politeness of their Japanese counterparts. The way they avoid giving the slightest offence, you know. They’re also very reserved towards people they don’t know well. At the first meetings, American colleagues have difficulties in finding the right approach sometimes. But then, when you meet the Japanese negotiators again, this initial impression tends to disappear. But it is perhaps true to say that your average Japanese business person does choose his, or, more rarely, her words very carefully.Interviewer: So can we say whatever nationalities you’re dealing with, you need to remember that different nationalities negotiate in different ways.Janet: Well, it’s perhaps more helpful to bear in mind that different people behave and negotiate in different ways—and you shouldn’t assume that everyone will behave in the same way that you do.Interviewer: Right. This is definitely a very useful tip for out’ businessmen who often negotiate with their overseas part hers. OK, Janet, thank you very much for talking with ns.Janet: Pleasure.11．According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is______.A．English language proficiencyB．different cultural practicesC．different negotiation tasksD．the international Americanized style正确答案：B12．Janet’s attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is______.A．supportiveB．negativeC．ambiguousD．cautious正确答案：D13．Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators7A．Americans prepare more points before negotiations.B．Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C．Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D．Brazilians seek more background information.正确答案：A14．Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward7A．The British.B．Germans.C．Americans.D．Not mentioned.正确答案：C15．Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?A．Reserved.B．Prejudiced.C．Polite.D．Prudent.正确答案：BSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTDirections: In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. At the end of each news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.听力原文：Suspected Muslim militants in Algeria have killed 98 people in a village just south of the capital Algiers. Jessica Jones reports the attack is the worst against civilians in Algeria in five years. “Witnesses told reporters Friday that a groupof armed men attacked the village of Rayi about 20 kilometers south of the capital Algiers late Thursday. They said the attackers slit the throats of most of their victims and cut off the heads of others. Then the attackers burned the bodies. Witnesses also said that the attackers who were herds and carried knives and axes kidnapped about 20 young girls from the village. No one has claimed responsibility but officials usually blame Muslim militants who want to overthrow the Algerian government and establish an Islamic state, the massacre is the worst attack since the Islamic insurgency began five years ago. It comes after two powerful bomb attacks Thursday that killed at least 18 people and wounded dozens of others. Jessica Jones for VOA News Middle East Bureau.”16．According to the news, who killed the villagers?A．Suspected Muslim militants.B．Suspected Algerian militants.C．Suspected Islamic civilians.D．Suspected Algerian civilians.正确答案：A17．Who claimed responsibility for the attack?A．Nobody.B．Muslim militants.C．An Islamic organization.D．The Algerian government.正确答案：A听力原文：The U.S. Space Agency NASA says Russia’s orbiting Mir space station has lost its primary and backup oxygen sources. If the problem is not fixed, the 3-mernber crew would have to abort the mission. But, a Russian space official in Moscow told Rueters News Agency that only the primary generator developed trouble and that the unit was repaired by the crew. More about the latest problem on board the space station from VOA’s Nick Simming. “The U.S. Space Agency says Mir’s two primary sources of oxygen have stopped working and now there is only several day’s supply of oxygen inside Mir’s cabin. Mir’s backup oxygen generating candles failed Monday just after the normal oxygen supply system used by the spacecraft unexpectedly shut down. That normal oxygen source, a method that extracts oxygen from water, had been turned off for several days to conserve energy heated and automatically shut down. NASA’s spokesman Michael Brock Hais says if Mir’s oxygen supply problem is not fixed soon, the two Russians and one American on board will have to abort. This problem is the most serious to plague the space station which has endured power loss, computer malfunction and even a collision with a supply vessel all in the past six months. Nick Simming VOA News, Washington.”18．What is the problem with Russia’s space station?A．It has lost its primary oxygen sources.B．It has lost its backup oxygen sources.C．It has lost both the primary and the backup oxygen sources.D．It has lost neither the primary or the backup oxygen sources.正确答案：C19．What problems has the space station experienced in the past six months?A．Generator malfunction.B．Computer error.C．A collision with another station.D．All the above.正确答案：B20．There are ______ Russian (s) and ______ American (s) on board.A．one, oneB．one, twoC．two, twoD．two, one正确答案：DPART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Because markets are often unpredictable, successful marketing is rather like hitting a moving target. Consumer tastes vary depending on fashions and trends, causing the demand for products to fluctuate with alarming frequency. It is because of this uncertainty that we need to analyse and know as much as we can about customers and markets, and also about our own businesses. Blot all marketplace opportunities are real opportunities for every business. Only those which a business can successfully exploit -- those which match its capabilities -- come into this category. The process of analysing marketing opportunities therefore begins with an internal analysis of a business itself -- a process which must include not only the specifically market-related aspects of its operations, such as sales and advertising, but also other aspects, such as financial resources, work-related aspects of its operations, such as sales and advertising, but also other aspects, such as financial resources, work-forceskills, technology and so on. A useful framework for undertaking this internal analysis is to divide these aspects into four areas: customers, sales, marketing activities and other factors. We must determine who the business’s customers are, how many there axe and what their requirements are. We must then estimate how many products the business can be expected to sell in order to determine what product development will be required. Product development includes market research, which is vital to ensure that the business’s products are right for the market, and to enable the business to set pricing and discount policies which will maximise sales. Finally, we must examine how all of these factors relate to other aspects of the business that may affect sales levels, such as management and work-force skills and corporate goals. Having carefully analysed these internal factors, it is time to look at the outside world. An external analysis also needs to examine carefully a wide range of areas -- such as legal/political factors; economic factors; cultural/social factors; technology; institutions and competition There may be restrictions on the production or sale of particular products: for example, the age restrictions that exist in many countries on the sale of alcohol; and tobacco will obviously influence the size of the market for these products. Rising or falling interest rates affect people’s disposable income, and may alter demand and therefore market size. Development of the society and its population, and how people’s requirements will he affected, must also be considered. New technologies may affect both people’s expectations and other products that are likely to become available. Consequently it may be expected that traditional, social and economic institutions will alter over time, so that people may no longer buy, sell and distribute products in traditional ways through wholesalers and retail outlets; instead they will order products from home using the latest computer and cable television technology. And lastly, we must consider any potential competition from other businesses at home or overseas which produce similar products, and whether or not our business would be able to remain profitable even with this competition. Identifying the competition is in many respects the most important aspect of an external market analysis and, to be useful, it must be as objective as possible. Many marketers greatly overestimate or underestimate the competition that their business will face from other businesses, especially if they look at the competition from their own standpoint rather than seeing it through the eyes of their customers. In other words, many people identify competitors by looking at apparently similar products, how they are made and what features they have, rather than at the benefits these products have for users and at ways of meeting market needs. With personal computers, for instance, this approach would mean assessing competitors on the basis of the type of microchip circuit used and the elegance of the software. A much more useful comparison would focus on the ability of the various computers to provide what the personal computer user wants: ease of use, flexibility and the ability to grow with the user. This way, we are much less likely to overlook competition from businesses that products which appear to be different from our own, but which produce similar benefits for customers. When the internal analysis is taken together with the external analysis, the result is an all-round picture of the current situation. This is usually known as a situation analysis or marketing audit. Developingthis analysis requires a mass of information, which is the raw material for analysing market opportunities in order to identify- the most promising. Possibly the most powerful, and certainly the most widely used, technique for structuring the analysis of the information is the SWOT analysis. This refers to Strengths of the organization, Weaknesses of the organization, Opportunities in the market place, and Threats to it( especially competitive threats) in the market place. Strengths and weaknesses relate to the finding of the internal analysis, as seen from the viewpoint of the customer -- things it or its product does better than the competition, and things it does less successfully. Opportunities relate to findings from the analysis of the external environment. For instance, the trend among the educated middle classes in many countries to adopt “healthier”eating patterns opens up demand for a wide range of health feed products. The other side of this coin, however, is market threats: factors which inhibit demand for a business’s products. For example, for a manufacturer of highly processed convenience foods containing chemical additives, the trend towards more. “natural” eating is a marketing “threat”. It is important to remember that the attractiveness of a market depends largely on the strengths and weaknesses of the assessor. For this reason, an opportunity for one business may well constitute a threat to another. Similarly, the definition of any factor as a strength or a weakness depends largely on market conditions. The some organisational factor may constitute a strength in one market and a weakness in another.21．According to the writer, real opportunities for businesses are those which ______.A．require no advertisingB．require few resourcesC．match their capabilitiesD．exploit new technology正确答案：C解析：该题问：根据作者观点，怎样的条件才是商业上真正的机会?A项意为“不需要广告。

专八模拟题.doc

环球时代：英语专业八级全真模拟冲刺卷TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORSGRADE EIGHTTIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after a mini-lecture・ When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your note, and another ten minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.SECTION B WTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow ・ Mark the correct answer to each question on you colored answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview・ At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview ・1.The job-seeking perspective is particularly good for the following majors EXCEPT __________ .A.accounting majorB. engineering majorC. finance majorD. mechanical major2.Which of the following reasons CANNOT explain the hiring surge of the job market?A. a strong economyB. fast corporate growthC. strong corporate profitsD. sensitive entry-level market3.Which of the following statements about an informational interview is true?A.It is a great way really to learn more about potential jobs that might work for college graduates.B.It's a more intimidating way for college graduates.C.According to the statistics, college graduates are more than 50 times likely to find a job through aninformational interviewpared with sending your resume out blindly, an informational interview is a big mistake.4.What might be a main factor that determines whether you could get a job?A.your qualificationsB. your interviewing skillsC. your experienceD. your education5.What does the speaker say about leaving an electronic footprint?A.Feel free to do that.B. Be confident in doing that.C. Be careful in doing that.D. Be poised in doing that.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow・ Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.Questions 6 and 7 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news.6.Which of the following statements is true?A.Nearly 80, 000 people are the victims of human traffickers worldwide every year.B.The UN was leading a new abolitionist movement to uproot this modern-day slavery.C.The new abolitionist movement is viewed as the great moral calling of our time.D.The State Department report is going to list individual country's efforts to tackle the problem of humantrafficking in the future.7.The Iranian authorities were punishing victims of trafficking with all of the following methods EXCEPT ?A.beatingsB. life sentencesC. imprisonmentD. executionQuestion 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.8.President Bush said the United States will make sure Somalia does not become a safe haven for ___________ .A.terroristsB. IslamistsC. Taliban rebelsD. warlordsQuestions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the two questions. Now listen to the news・9.According to the new research, the odd shape mounds were formed by __________ .A.chemical eventsB. geographical eventsC. microbesD. stromatolites10.According to the scientists, it is possible for the primitive life to develop on other planets because theprimitive life .A . is the earliest life on earth.B . could be reserved in fossils.C . flourished on some 3.4 billon years ago.D.can quickly develop into various forms.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are several reading passage followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passage and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT A"I do." To Americans those two words carry great meaning. They can even change your life. Especially if you say them at your own wedding. Making wedding vows is like signing a contract. Now Americans don't really think marriage is a business deal. But marriage is serious business.It all begins with engagement. Traditionally, a young man asks the father of his sweetheart for permission to marry her. If the father agrees, the man later proposes to her. Often he tries to surprise her by "popping the question" in a romantic way. Sometimes the couple just decides together that the time is right to get married. The man usually gives his fiancee a diamond ring as a symbol of their engagement. They may be engaged for weeks, months or even years. As the big day approaches, bridal showers and bachelor's parties provide many useful gifts. Today many couples also receive counseling during engagement. This prepares them for the challenges of married life.At last it's time for the wedding. Although most weddings follow long-held traditions, there*s still room for American individualism. For example, the usual place for a wedding is in a church. But some people get married outdoors in a scenic spot, A few even have the ceremony while sky-diving or riding on horseback! The couple may invite hundreds of people or just a few close friends. They choose their own style of colors, decorations and music during the ceremony. But some things rarely change. The bride usually wears a beautiful, long white wedding dress. She traditionally wears "something old, something new, something borrowed and something blue". The groom wears a formal suit or tuxedo. Several close friends participate in the ceremony as attendants, including the best man and the maid of honor.As the ceremony begins, the groom and his attendants stand with the minister, facing the audience. Music signals the entrance of the bride's attendants, followed by the beautiful bride. Nervously, the young couple repeats their vows.Traditionally, they promise to love each other "for better, for worse, for richer, for poorer, in sickness and in health". But sometimes the couple has composed their own vows. They give each other a gold ring to symbolize their marriage commitment. Finally the minister announces the big moment: "I now pronounce you man and wife. You may kiss your bride!"At the wedding reception, the bride and groom greet their guests. Then they cut the wedding cake and feed each other a bite. Guests mingle while enjoying cake, punch and other treats. Later the bride throws her bouquet of flowers to a group of single girls. Tradition says mat the one who catches the bouquet will be the next to marry. During the reception, playful friends "decorate" the couple's car with tissue paper, tin cans and a "Just Married" sign. When the reception is over, the newlyweds run to their "decorated" car and speed off. Many couples take a honeymoon, a one- to two-week vacation trip, to celebrate their new marriage.Almost every culture has rituals to signal a change in one's life. Marriage is one of the most basic life changes for people of all cultures. So it's no surprise to find many traditions about getting married...even in America. Yet each couple follows the traditions in a way that is uniquely their own.11.The word "business" occurs twice in the first paragraph, what does the second "business" mean?A.Trade.B. Affair.C. Duty.D. Right12.There are many traditions about getting married, which of the following is Not mentioned in this passage?A.The engagementB. The wedding ceremony.C. The bridal party.D. The marriage application.13.Which of the following can reflect American individualism?A.Holding their wedding ceremony in a scenic spot.B.Choosing their groomsman and a maid of honor.C.Choosing their wedding dress.D.Inviting their best friends.14.In the author's opinion _____________ .A.American young couples have no chance to show their individualism in their marriageB.American young couples don't like to following long-held traditionsC.American young couples are inclined to follow the marriage traditionsD.American young couples marry in their own wayTEXTBIn accordance with the mission it has set itself to further the development of sport, the International Olympic Committee strives to promote women's participation in sports activities in the Olympic Games. Sport, whether competition sport or sport for all, has become a social force with a major impact on the structure of society and the condition of women. In all countries, the message and values communicated by sport, through its regulatory bodies, reach a substantial part of the population regardless of social class. Because of this, sport is a tremendous medium of communication and emancipation which has to a certain extent helped to build women's awareness and hence their role in society.And it is worth stressing that by engaging in activities which are by definition dosed to them, women can overturn social preconceptions and reassert their identity. Engaging in sport enriches women in terms of communication, feelings and sociability. It is certainly true that this process is largely determined by the position of women within a given society, and that they are still under-represented in countries where cultural and religious traditions limit their advancement. However, we will see more and more women choosing to take up a sport, whether this means breaking with the norms of their society or staying within them. Regardless of the path chosen, these women will become role models for many of their peers who see their actions as a contribution, however small, to their emancipation.The Olympic Movement is firmly convinced of the need to encourage sports practice among women, and is working to that end, at the same time taking cultural specifics into account and accommodating them. Women must also play a greater part in decision making. It is our task to facilitate access for women to leadership positions within nationaland world sport, as it is through them that these ideas can be passed on to future generations, since women are still the privileged interlocutors for education in the broadest sense of the term.Historically, and although the 1896 Olympic Games were not opened to women, they were already taking part in physical activities in the ancient times, and particularly in the competitions of the Her Games, staged specifically for them. Historical documents also show that Roman women were engaged in horse-riding and swimming. During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, women put leisure activities aside, as did men. But the following centuries were marked by renewed interest, until at the end of the nineteenth century women became more involved in sports activities by establishing their own clubs and taking up new sports. Women's first participation in the Olympic Games goes back to 1900 when they took part in the tennis and golf events and in an increasing number of other sports in following years. We are pleased to see that Coubertin's reservations did not prevent women from participating nor did it stop them from organizing their own Women* s Olympiad at Monaco in 1921 on the initiative Alice Milliat, the great champion of women's rights in European sport.More generally since the 1970s, we have seen a rising awareness of the contribution of sport to well-being and in particular to that of women. Women's sports associations and clubs have made their appearance mostly in the developed countries but also in developing ones. Thanks to the efforts of women and their struggle for equality, women's competitive sport has gained full recognition.As a result, women today took part in the Games of the XXVI Olympiad in At-, United States of America, in 1996, with a program of 21 sports, and 108 events, including 11 mixed events, and will compete in six sports and 31 events, including 2 mixed events, in the XVIII Olympic Winter Games in Nagano, Japan, in 1998. It was also with the aim of promoting women1s sport that the IOC decided tall sports seeking inclusion in the Olympic program must include women's events.15.The International Olympic Committee defines sport as _____ .A. a competition among sportsmenB. an event for everyoneC. a social forceD. the condition of women16.The barrier to women's full participation in sports as identified in the passage is ______________ .A.the identity of the womenB.certain values of a given societyC.the physical make-up of the womanD.their ability to communicate and/or socialize17.In light of the spirit of the Olympic Movement, when a woman engages in sport activities, she isA.helping other women to liberate themselvesB.breaking away with the norms of her societyC.choosing to stay within the cultural norms of her societypeting with men18.According to the 3rd paragraph of this passage, in passing on the spirit of the Olympic Movement to theyounger generations, women _____________ .A.play a unique role that men cannot replaceB.must take up all leadership positions within national and international sport organizationsC.need to be further educatedD. should exclude men in making important decisions19.Prior to 1900, women are known ________ .A.to have never participated in sport competitionB.to have been confined to leisure activitiesC.to have taken part in Olympic gamesD.to have engaged in horse riding and swimmingTEXTCThe old man stood there at a loss, his sunken eyes staring at the man seated behind the table. Raising his hand, he wiped the sweat from his forehead and heavily wrinkled face. He didn't use the traditional kerchief and headband as usual, though he could feel the sweat running down his temple and neck, and he gave no reply to the man seated behind the table who went on asking him, 'Why did you go in opening all the doors of the wards looking for your wife? Why didn't you come directly to Enquires?* The old man kept silent. Why, though, was the man seated behind the table continuing to open one drawer after another? His eyes busy watching him, he said, 'I came here the day before yesterday wanting the hospital and looking for the mother of my children.'The man seated behind the table muttered irritably, blaming himself for not having ever learned how to ask the right question, how to get a conversation going, and why it was that his question, full of explanations, and sometimes of annoyance, weren f t effective. He puffed at his cigarette as he enquired in exasperation, 'What's your wife's name?1 The old man at once replied, 'Zeinab Mohamed.' The man seated behind the table began flipping through the pages of the thick ledger; each time he turned over a page there was a loud noise that was heard by everyone in the waiting room. He went on flipping through the pages of his ledger, pursing his lips listlessly, then nervously, as he kept bringing the ledger close to his face until finally he said, 'Your wife came in here the day before yesterday? The old man in relief at once answered, 'Yes, sir, when her heart came to a stop.' Once again irritated, the man seated behind the table mumbled to himself, "Had her heart stopped she wouldn't be here, neither would you'. With his eyes still on the ledger, he said, 'She's in Ward 4, but it's not permitted for you to enter her ward because there are other women there.* Yawning, he called to the nurse leaning against the wall. She came forward, in her hand a paper cup from which she was drinking. Motioning with his head to the man, he said, 'Ward Number 4 -Zeinab Mohamed.* The nurse walked ahead, without raising her mouth from the cup. The old man asked himself how it was that this woman worked in a hospital that was crammed with men, even though she spoke Arabic. Having arrived at the ward, the nurse left him outside after telling him to wait; then, after a while, she came out and said to him, There are two women called Zeinab Mohamed. One of them, though, has only one eye. Which one is your wife so that I can call her?1The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to place it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was thrown into confusion and found himself saying, 'When I call her, she'll know my voice.1 The nurse doubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance; she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, 'How long have the two of you been married? Again, he was confused as he said, 'Allah knows best - thirty, forty years...'20.What does the title of the passage "The Unseeing Eye" suggest?A.The old man had very poor vision.B.The old man's wife had an eye problem.C.The old man failed to see what he should have seen.D.The old man's wife was not easy to recognize.21.Which of the following can be inferred about the old man seated behind the table?A.He showed much tolerance to the old man.B.He often put on airs before people of lower status.C.He refused to respond to the old man's enquiries.D.He seemed to lose his patience too easily.22.The word 'muttered' in Line 1, Paragraph 2 means ___________ .A. complainedB. denotedC. groanedD. refuted23.Which of the following words best describes the old man's mood when he could not answer the nurse's questions?A. SurprisedB. PuzzledC. IrritatedD. Reserved24.Which of the following may least reveal the old man's Arabian identity?A. His religious beliefB. His attitude toward the nurseC. His memories of his spouseD. His kerchief and headbandTEXTD"I want to criticize the social system, and to show it at work, at its most intense." Virginia Woolfs provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the "poetic" novelist concerned with examining states of dream and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. But Virginia Woolf was a realistic as well as a poetic novelist, a satirist and social critic as well as a visionary: literary critics* casual dismissal of Woolfs social vision will not withstand thorough examination.In her novels, Woolf is deeply engaged by the questions of how individuals are shaped (or deformed) by their social environments, how historical forces impinge on people's lives, how class, wealth, and gender help to determine people's fates. Most of her novels are rooted in a realistically represented social setting and in a precise historical time.Woolfs focus on society has not been generally recognized because of her intense antipathy to propaganda in art. The pictures of reformers in her novels are usually satiric or sharply critical. Even when Woolf is fundamentally sympathetic to their causes, she portrays people anxious to reform their society and possessed of a message or program as arrogant or dishonest, unaware of how their political ideas serve their own psychological needs. (Her Writer's Diary notes: "the only honest people are the artists." whereas "these social reformers and philanthropists" .. .harbor.. .discreditable desires under the disguise of loving their kind...) Woolf had an abhorrence of what she called "preaching" in fiction, too, and criticized novelist D. H. Lawrence (among others) for working by this method.Woolfs own social criticism is expressed in the language of observation rather than in direct commentary, since for her, fiction is a contemplative, not an active art. She describes phenomena and provides materials for a judgment about society and social issues: it is the reader's work to put the observations together and understand the coherent point of view behind them. As a moralist, Woolf, works by indirection, subtly undermining officially accepted mores, mocking, suggesting, calling into question, rather than asserting, advocating, bearing witness: hers is the satirist's art.Woolfs literary models were acute social observers like Chekhov and Chaucer. As she put it in The Common Reader, "It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore." Like Chaucer, Woolf chose to understand as well as to judge, to know her society root and branch 一 a decision crucial in order toD. three yearsD. Prime Minister D. AmericaA. MacbethB.HamletC. KingLearD.Othellproduce art rather than polemic.25.Which is the best title for the passage?A.Poetry and Satire as Influences on the Novels of Virginia WoolfB.Virginia Woolf: Critic and Commentator on the Twentieth-Century NovelC.Trends in Contemporary Reform Movements as a key to Understanding Virginia a Woolf *s NovelsD.Virginia Woolfs Novels: Critical Reflections on the Individual and on Society26.In the first paragraph of the passage, the author's attitude toward the literary critics can best be described asA. scornfulB. ironicC. humorousD. skeptical but resigned27.Woolf chose Chaucer as a literary model because she believed thatA.Chaucer was the first English author to focus on society as a wholeB.Chaucer was an honest and forthright author, whereas novelists like D. H. Lawrence did notC.Chaucer was more concerned with understanding his societyD.Chaucer's writing was effective in influencing the moral attitudes of his readers28.The most probable reason Woolf realistically described the social setting in the majority of her novels was that sheA.was aware that contemporary literary critics considered the novel to be the most realistic of literary genresB.was interested in the effect of a person's social milieu on his or her character and actionsC.needed to be as attentive to detail as possible in her novels in order to support the argumentsD.wanted to show that a painstaking fidelity in the representation of reality did not hamper the artist29.The author implies that a major element of the satirist's art is the satirist'sA.consistent adherence to a position of lofty disdain when viewing the weaknesses of humanityB.insistence on the helplessness of individuals against the social forces that seek to determine an individual's fateC.cynical disbelief that visionaries can either enlighten or improve their societiesD.refusal to indulge in debates when presenting social ethics to readers for their examination30.The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?A.Have literary critics ignored the social criticism inherent in the works of Chekhov and Chaucer?B.Does the author believe that Woolf is solely an introspective and visionary novelist?C.What are the social causes with which Woolf shows herself to be sympathetic in her writings?D.Was D. H. Lawrence as concerned as Woolf was with creating realistic settings for his novels?PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section・ Choose the best answer to each question・ Mark your answers on your answer sheet.31.The National Day of the United States is associated with _________________ .A. Gettysburg AddressB. The Emancipation ProclamationC. The Declaration of IndependenceD. The New Deal32. A new president in America is elected every _______________ .A. five yearsB. six yearsC. four years33._________________ forms the Cabinet in the British Parliament.A. QueenB. Lord ChancellorC. King34.Maples remind one of ________________ .A. AustraliaB. CanadaC. New Zealand35.The famous line "To be or not to be" comes from ___________________ .36. "If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" is a well-known line written by ______________ .A. KeatsB. ByronC. ShelleyD. Burns37. The letter A in The Scarlet Letter representsA. AdulteryB. AbleC. AngelD. All ofAbove38. LAD refers to .A. language and directionB. learning and directionC. language acquisition deviceD. language acquisition development39. _____________________ approach is a study of language from the points of view of its development in the course of time.A. SynchronicB. ChronologicalC. DiachronicD. Linear40._______________ means that language can be used to refer to the contexts that are removed from theimmediate situation of the speaker, especially, time and space.A. CreativityB. DualityC. ArbitrarinessD. DisplacementPART IV PROOFREADING& ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.中国是一个地域辽阔，有着数千年悠久历史的多民族国家，有着秀丽的自然风光、众多的名胜古迹和丰富多彩的灿烂文化，旅游资源十分丰富。

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析(9)

专业英语八级模拟试卷及答案解析（9）(1~16/共26题)Play00:0011:43Volume第1题Time Management for College Students Time you spent in high school is totally different from that in college. It is a critical transition and is important for you to recognize that you are alone 【T1】______【T1】______ how you spend your time. I. Differences of time spent from high school 1.【T2】______ time by yourself rather than others【T2】______ 2. having【T3】______ workloads 【T3】______ 3. focusing on true【T4】______ of a subject【T4】______ 4. filling with conflicting 【T5】______【T5】______ II. Tips of time management 1. using a【T6】______【T6】______ benefits: a)add【T7】______ structures to your schedule【T7】______ b)【T8】______ your schedule 【T8】______ 2. planning your time a)reason: may not have enough time to accomplish all tasks b)give【T9】______ for each assignment【T9】______ c)【T10】______ some time for study breaks 【T10】______ 3.【T11】______ tasks: avoid over-committing your time【T11】______ 4. avoiding procrastinations and【T12】______【T12】______ 5.【T13】______ time management【T13】______ a)take【T14】______ and be organized【T14】______ b)do not【T15】______ from the schedule【T15】______第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】第12题【T11】第13题【T12】第14题【T13】第15题【T14】第16题【T15】下一题(17~21/共26题)Play00:0005:40Volume第17题16．A.She has mainly done outbound call center work.B.She learned about the job through her friends.C.She applied for the position because she is good at it.D.She used to work for the organization for a short while. 第18题17．A.It involves most inbound call.B.It involves most outbound call.C.It is a customer service position in a clothing company.D.It is a customer service position in a telephone company. 第19题18．A.Dependability and honesty.B.Dependability and diligence.anized and flexible.D.Seasoned and flexible.第20题19．A.Being honest and loyal.B.Being seasoned and mature.C.Getting a task completed in a timely manner.D.Knowing what is expected of her in the work place.第21题20．A.Multi-tasking skill.B.Customer service expertise.C.Having worked as a typist.D.Being a quick learner.上一题下一题(22~26/共26题)Play00:0004:05Volume第22题21．A.She has few shortcomings.B.Her frankness sometimes offends others.C.She is a champion of the underdog.D.She tends to be an opportunist.第23题22．A.Because she wants to be sure of her career paths.B.Because she wants to switch her job to another field.C.Because her department was gone due to downsizing.D.Because she was not promoted to the team leader position.第24题23．A.Being able to cope with problems.B.Praising others in a timely manner.C.Evaluating others constructively.D.Constructing a strong team.第25题24．A.Chris believes she will offer timely help to the company.B.Chris believes she will be a great asset to the company.C.Chris believes she can help co-workers get their work done efficiently.D.Chris believes she can help evaluate other workers´ transcript quickly.第26题25．A.In a few weeks.B.Right away.C.March 31, 2007.D.Not mentioned.上一题下一题(27~31/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1)I was sure that I had found at last the one true cosmopolite since Adam, and I listened to his worldwide discourse fearful lest I should discover in it the local note of the mere globe-trotter. But his opinions never fluttered or drooped: he was as impartial to cities, countries and continents as the winds or gravitation. And as E. Rushmore Coglan prattled of this little planet I thought with glee of a great almost-cosmopolite who wrote for the whole world and dedicated himself to Bombay. In a poem he has to say that there is pride and rivalry between the cities of the earth, and that "the men that breed from them, they traffic up and down, but cling to their cities´hem as a child to the mother´s gown. " And whenever they walk "by roaring streets unknown" they remember their native city "most faithful, foolish, fond: making her mere-breathed name their bond upon their bond. " And my glee was roused because I had caught Mr. Kipling napping. Here I had found a man not made from dust: one who had no narrowboasts of birthplace or country, one who, if he bragged at all, would brag of his whole round globe against the Martians and the inhabitants of the Moon.(2)Expression on these subjects was precipitated from E. Rushmore Coglan by the third corner to our table. While Coglan was describing to me the topography along the Siberian Railway the orchestra glided into a medley. The concluding air was "Dixie", and as the exhilarating notes tumbled forth they were almost overpowered by a great clapping of hands from almost every table. I hastened to ask him a question because I wanted to try out a theory I had.(3)"Would you mind telling me," I began, "whether you are from—"(4)The fist of E. Rushmore Coglan banged the table and I was jarred into silence.(5)"Excuse me," said he, "but that´s a question I never like to hear asked. What does it matter where a man is from? Is it fair to judge a man by his post-office address? Why, I´ve seen Kentuckians who hated whiskey, Virginians who weren´t descended from Pocahontas, Indianians who hadn´t written a novel, Mexicans who didn´t wear velvet trousers with silver dollars sewed along the seams, funny Englishmen, spendthrift Yankees, cold-blooded Southerners, narrow-minded Westerners, and New Yorkers who were too busy to stop for an hour on the street to watch a one-armed grocer´s clerk do up cranberries in paper bags. Let a man be a man and don´t handicap him with the label of any section. "(6)" Pardon me," I said, " but my curiosity was not altogether an idle one. I know the South, and when the band plays ´ Dixie´ I like to observe. I have formed the belief that the man who applauds that air with special violence and ostensible sectional loyalty is invariably a native of either Secaucus, N. J. , or the district between Murray Hill Lyceum and the Harlem River, this city.I was about to put my opinion to the test by inquiring of this gentleman when you interrupted with your own—larger theory, I must confess. "(7)"I´ve been around the world twelve times," said he. " It´s a mighty little old world. What´s the use of bragging about being from the North, or the South, or the old manor house in the dale, or Euclid avenue, Cleveland, or Pike´s Peak, or Fairfax County, Va. , or Hooligan´s Flats or any place? It´ll be a better world when we quit being fools about some mildewed town or ten acres of swampland just because we happened to be born there. "(8)"You seem to be a genuine cosmopolite," I said admiringly. "But it also seems that you would decry patriotism. "(9)"A relic of the stone age," declared Coglan, warmly. "We are all brothers—Chinamen, Englishmen, Zulus, Patagonians and the people in the bend of the Kaw River. Some day all this petty pride in one´s city or State or section or country will be wiped out, and well all be citizens of the world, as we ought to be. "(10)"But while you are wandering in foreign lands," I persisted, "do not your thoughts revert to some spot— some dear and—"(11)"Nary a spot," interrupted E. R. Coglan, flippantly. "The terrestrial, globular, planetary hunk of matter, slightly flattened at the poles, and known as the Earth, is my abode. I´m not tied down to anything that isn´t 8,000 miles in diameter. Just put me down as E. Rushmore Coglan, citizen of the terrestrial sphere. "(12)My cosmopolite made a large adieu and left me, for he thought he saw someone through the chatter and smoke whom he knew. I sat reflecting upon my evident cosmopolite and wondering how the poet had managed to miss him. He was my discovery and I believed in him. How was it? "The men that breed from them they traffic up and down, but cling to their cities´hem as a child to the mother´s gown. " Not so E. Rushmore Coglan. With the whole world for his—(13)My meditations were interrupted by a tremendous noise and conflict in another part of the cafe. I saw above the heads of the seated patrons E. Rushmore Coglan and a stranger to me engaged in terrific battle. They fought between the tables like Titans, and glasses crashed, and men caught their hats up and were knocked down, and a brunette screamed, and a blonde began to sing "Teasing".(14)My cosmopolite was sustaining the pride and reputation of the Earth when the waiters closed in on both combatants with their famous flying wedge formation and bore them outside, still resisting.(15)I called McCarthy, one of the French garcons, and asked him the cause of the conflict.(16)" The man with the red tie(that was my cosmopolite)" , said he, " got hot on account of things said about the bum sidewalks and water supply of the place he come from by the other guy. "(17)"Why,"said I, bewildered, "that man is a citizen of the world—a cosmopolite. He—"(18)"Originally from Mattawamkeag, Maine," he said, continued McCarthy, "and he wouldn´t stand for no knockin´ the place. "第27题It can be inferred from Para. 1 that Mr. Kipling may______.A.be against arrogance and competitionB.have travelled all around the worldC.regard it hard to find a true cosmopoliteD.never have boasted of his own home town第28题How did Mr. Coglan feel about "my" question about where he came from?A.Astonished.B.Enthusiastic.C.Humiliated.D.Frightened.第29题What may Mr. Coglan think of the patriotism "I" mentioned?A.It is behind the times.B.It should be cherished.C.It is hard to forget.D.It doesn´t exist at all.第30题The conflict between Mr. Coglan and the man reveals______.A.that Mr. Coglan deeply resented his home townB.what Mr. Coglan did and said was contradictoryC.how Mr. Coglan would defend his own dignityD.why Mr. Coglan was so opposed to localism第31题The author winded up the story with a tone of______.A.humorB.approvalC.sincerityD.satire上一题下一题(32~35/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1)Britain´s economy will lose momentum this year amid squeezed living standards and uncertainty over Brexit and the inconclusive election result, leading ratings agencies have predicted.(2)Moody´s said the qualms about talks in Brussels and the minority government have increased the U. K. ´s political and financial risks. Analysts at the ratings agency said the U. K. economy has started to slow and they expect it to weaken considerably throughout the rest of the year, adding that it was unclear if the government could deliver a "reasonably good" Brexit deal.(3)Moody´s said the government appeared to be pursuing objectives pointing towards a hard exit and said growth prospects over the medium term could be "materially weaker" if the U. K. fails to sign a trade deal allowing access to the single market. Kathrin Muehlbronner, a senior vice president at Moody´s, said: "The likelihood of an abrupt—and damaging exit—with no agreement and reversion to World Trade Organization trading rules has increased compared to our expectation after the referendum, with the government so far pursuing objectives that implya hard exit. "(4)Weaker public finances could lead to a "further delay in reversing the rising tend of public debt", the agency warned in a report. However, it said the Bank of England´s credibility should ensure financial stability, with exchange rate flexibility giving support for exports.(5)Another ratings agency, Standard & Poor´s, also predicted a fall in the U. K. ´s growth rate—from 1.8% in 2016 to 1.4% in 2017 and 0.8% in 2018—adding that the outlook might be even worse if the Brexit talks between Britain and the EU go badly.(6)Despite speculation of an increase in interest rates from the Bank of England next month, S & P said the weakness of the economy would result in borrowing costs being left on hold at 0.25% for another two years. S & P´s senior economist, Boris Glass, said: "Given demand weakness, the temporary nature of imported inflation, moderate domestic wage pressures, and Brexit uncertainties, we expect the Bank of England´s current ultra-accommodative stance to continue over the medium term and expect a first rate hike to occur only in mid-2019. "(7)S&P said the better-than-predicted performance of the economy in 2016 had been the result of "extraordinarily robust consumer spending" but added that the pressure on households from prices rising more rapidly than wages was likely to persist for the rest of 2017 and into 2018.(8)Figures due out on Wednesday will show whether the lowest unemployment since the 1970s has started to have an upward effect on earnings, which are currently growing by just over 2% a year. Inflation as measured by the consumer prices index is running at 2.9% , while the retail prices index is 3. 7% .(9)The depreciation of the pound would make U. K. exports more competitive but would only add between 0.2 and 0.3 percentage points to growth from 2017 to 2020. S&P said a study of thedata showed that some U. K. exporters had taken advantage of the fall in sterling to raise their prices rather than to break into new markets. The agency said that while the price increases were to some extent a matter of choice, they were likely to have been necessary for firms that relied on imports which had become more expensive as a result of the falling exchange rate. With firms making Brexit contingency plans, investment was being shelved rather than given the go-ahead.(10)"Our forecasts for slower growth are subject to considerable downside risks, stemming mainly from Brexit uncertainties," Glass said. " For example, the staging of the negotiations, with the ´divorce´settlement being negotiated before any future relationship with the EU is addressed, means that should the separation negotiations stall, there would be less time left for negotiating the future trade relationship, risking a cliff edge. " In general, should negotiations stall for an extended period, this could translate into a further significant depreciation of sterling and a consequent rise in inflation. "(11)Ben Broadbent, one of the Bank of England´s deputy governors, said a sharp drop in U. K. trade with the EU after Brexit would be bad for the economy. In a speech in Aberdeen that focused on the benefits of international trade, Broadbent said: "Put simply, a significant curtailment of trade with Europe would force the U. K. to shift away from producing things it´s been relatively good at, and therefore export to the EU, and towards the things it currently imports and is relatively less good at. "(12)A number of MPC members—including the governor, Mark Carney, and the Bank´s chief economist, Andy Haldane—have given their views on the outlook for borrowing costs in recent months. Broadbent voted for official interest rates to remain on hold at the MPC´s last meeting in June and his failure to mention monetary policy was seen by the City as a sign that he will vote the same way again in August. The pound fell slightly after Broadbent´s speech and closed in London at $ 1.2850.第32题Which of the following points of view may accord with that of Moody´s?A.The living standards in Britain have kept on rising.B.Brexit exerts pressure upon the British government.C.It is believed that Brussels talks will break down.D.Britain´s economy will slow down in a certain time.第33题The figures in Para. 8 are cited to______.A.explain the relation between price and wageB.contrast economic prediction with performanceC.support S & P´s view on the U. K. ´s economic conditionce a discussion about the pound depreciation第34题We can infer from the last two paragraphs(Para. 11 and Para. 12)that Ben Broadbent______.A.predicted a sharp economic downturnB.analyzed the prospect of the U. K. ´s manufacturingC.disagreed with the opinions of Mark CarneyD.will go on remaining interest rates on hold第35题Which of the following relations is repeatedly touched upon by those mentioned economists andagencies?A.the U. K. ´s economy and Brexit.B.Bank credibility and financial stability.C.Interest rates and exports.D.Inflation and price increases.上一题下一题(36~40/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.(1)For some women, enrolling in an engineering course is like running a psychological gauntlet. If they dodge overt problems like sexual harassment, sexist jokes, or poor treatment from professors, they often still have to evade subtler obstacles like the implicit tendency to see engineering as a male discipline. It´s no wonder women in the U. S. hold just 13 to 22 percent of the doctorates in engineering, compared to an already-low 33 percent in the sciences as a whole.(2)Nilanjana Dasgupta, from the University of Massachusetts in Amherst, thinks that mentors—people who can give advice, share experiences, or make social connections—can dismantle the gauntlet, and help young women to find their place in an often hostile field.(3)In a year-long study—one of the strongest yet to look at the value of mentorship—Dasgupta showed that female engineering undergraduates who are paired with a female mentor felt more motivated, more self-assured, and less anxious than those who had either no mentor or a male one. They were less likely to drop out of their courses, and keener to look for engineering jobs after they graduated. "Often, science is messy and things don´t turn out neatly," Dasgupta says. But in this study, "it was very gratifying how clean the results were. "(4)She sees mentors as "social vaccines. " Just as medical vaccines prepare the immune system to deal with infections, good mentors inoculate the mind against the stultifying effects of negative stereotypes. "And this study isn´t just about women," adds Radhika Nagpal, from Harvard University. "It´s about all the groups who have been historically and legally excluded, and are now slowly entering a world from which their members were barred. There´s a famous saying: You can´t be what you can´t see. "(5)Between 2011 and 2015, Dasgupta and her colleague Tara Dennehy recruited 150 women who enrolled in the university´s engineering course, and randomly assigned them to either a female mentor, a male mentor, or no mentor. The mentors were all high-performing senior students who shared the same majors as their mentees. After a brief training session, they were asked to meet with their charges once a month, and help them to wrestle with academic problems, develop long-term plans, find a social network, and more.(6)A year later, Dennehy and Dasgupta surveyed the volunteers. Compared to their mentorless peers, the students with female mentors felt more accepted by their peers and less invisible. They were more confident in their engineering skills, and more likely to think they had a talent for the subject. They were more likely to think that their ability to overcome their academic challenges outweighed the stress and uncertainty they felt.(7)"It´s not that having a female mentor increased belonging or confidence—it just preserved it," Dasgupta notes. This is a critical point. Without any mentorship at all, the volunteers felt increasingly anxious, under-confident, and out of the place through the year. But the mentorshelped to straighten these arcs that, by default, veer towards exclusion and attrition.(8)That has long-term effects. As the months wore on, Dennehy and Dasgupta found that women without mentors increasingly thought about switching majors, and became less keen on pursuing graduate degrees in engineering. By the end of the first year, 11 percent of them had dropped out. By contrast, the students with female mentors remained equally committed to their fields, and every single one of them stayed the course.(9)Why? The answer had nothing to do with academic performance: The students´actual grades had no bearing on their odds of staying in engineering. Instead, "the active ingredients are belonging and confidence," says Dasgupta. "Humans are social animals. Our ability alone doesn´t determine whether we stay in or leave a field. It´s ability mixed in that feeling that these are your people, this is where you belong. Absent, that even high-performers might not feel motivated to stay. " Which makes you wonder: How many brilliant minds have been lost from engineering and other STEM disciplines because those disciplines didn´t create spaces for them?(10)Dennehy and Dasgupta also found that male mentors were somewhat of a mixed bag. In some measures, they were just as effective as female mentors. In others, they were indistinguishable from having no mentor at all. And in some cases, they were worse: They actually increased women´s anxiety about their performance over time.(11)Why? Dasgupta expected that the female mentors would provide more social and emotional support—but that wasn´t the case. The mentors all kept diaries about their conversations with their mentees, and these revealed that both genders largely talked about the same kinds of academic problems. And the mentees themselves felt that the male mentors were just as supportive and available as the female ones. Instead, Dasgupta speculates that the men just couldn´t act as role models in the same way that other women could, and so couldn´t catalyze those all-important feelings of belonging.(12)That´s not to say that the men have no role to play. " They could connect women to other women in engineering, or to female faculty who could do the work of social belonging in a way that the male mentors can´t provide themselves," Dasgupta says.(13)Lin Bian from the University of Illinois, who recently showed that gendered stereotypes about intelligence take root at the young age of 6, says that Dasgupta´s study reveals how " role models inoculate women against negative beliefs during critical transitions. " The start of college is one such transition—a point when life gets upended, and when people feel a surge of uncertainty about their place in the world. That´s when mentoring can make the most difference.(14)"It makes an incredible case for near-peer mentoring to increase the graduation rate of women in engineering degree programs," says Sheila Boyington, the president of the Million Women Mentors initiative. "While much of the study is indeed intuitive, it affirms a well-defined path forward for universities to follow if they want to increase diversity in STEM. "(15)And although mentoring is just one of many possible solutions, "it´s not an either-or situation," says Nagpal. "We need to do everything, like mentoring, fighting sexist exclusionary behaviors, training men to behave better, and investing money in better practices. We need to make up for a century of neither-nor. "第36题The word "gauntlet" in Para. 1 may be closest in meaning to______.A.ailmentB.stimulusC.tortureD.incentive第37题According to the author, mentors are compared to "social vaccines" because they both______.A.help people set up an immune systemB.get people ready for external influenceC.exert active effects for the whole societyD.eliminate negative effects of stereotypes第38题For the female engineering undergraduates, the female mentors can provide aid in the following aspects EXCEPT______.A.sexual harassmentB.social interactionsC.psychological supportD.planning guidance第39题According the Dasgupta´s study, the key to a woman´s success in engineering is______.A.outstanding academic performanceB.a chance to be acceptedC.extensive social interactionsD.the feelings of belonging第40题The last two paragraphs indicate that Nagpal and Boyington feel the prospect of mentoring is______.A.ambiguousB.gloomyC.unlimitedD.promising上一题下一题(41~42/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE ONE第41题What did "I" mean by saying "my curiosity was not altogether an idle one" in Para. 6?第42题According to the passage, what should be the characteristic of a "cosmopolite"?上一题下一题(43~45/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE TWOWhat did Kathrin Muehlbronner predict about in Para. 3?第44题According to the context, what does the word "they" refer to in Para. 9?第45题What is this passage mainly about?上一题下一题(46~48/共22题)PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.PASSAGE THREE第46题What does the first "it" in " it just preserved it" refer to in Para. 7?第47题Why are the male mentors said to be "a mixed bag" in Para. 10?第48题What is the main argument of this passage?上一题下一题(49~58/共10题)PART III LANGUAGE USAGEIf our brains were computers, we´d simply add a chip toupgrade our memory. The human brain, therefore, is more【M1】______complex than even the most advanced machine, so improvingour memory isn´ t quite so easy. Just as it takes effortto build physical fitness, so is boosting brain power.【M2】______A strong memory depends on the health and vital of your【M3】______brain. Whether you´re a student studying for final exams, aworking professional interested in doing all he can to stay【M4】______mentally sharp, and a senior looking to preserve and enhance【M5】______your intelligence as you age, there are lots of things from【M6】______which you can do to improve your memory and mentalperformance. They say that you can´t teach an old dog newtricks, but when it comes to the brain, scientists havediscovered that this old proverb simply isn´t true. The humanbrain has astonishing ability to adapt and change—even into【M7】______older age. This ability is known as neuroplasticity. With the【M8】______right stimulation, your brain can form new neural pathways,alter existing connections, and adapt and react in ever-changing ways.The brain´s incredible ability to reshape itself hold true【M9】______when it comes to learning and memorizing. You can harness【M10】______the natural power of neuroplasticity to increase your cognitiveabilities, enhance your ability to learn new information, andimprove your memory.第49题。

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作文：
The pass of the act giving the legal status to euthanasia some countries has again aroused great concern to this question .Some are strongly against it because it violates the traditional concepts of life ,ethics, morality, etc. Some are for it because mercy killing release patients prom being afflicted from incurable diseases. Write an essay about 400 words, approve of with one of the above mentioned two opposing ideas.
英译中：
Alice was a B-plus student through her first three years at college. During the winter holidays in her senior year, while she was driving during a storm, her car ran off the road and hit a tree. Alice banged her head on the steering stake but never lost consciousness. She was treated for bruises arel discharged from them hospital within a day.
Write your essay on Answer Sheet Four.
第二套
中译英：
爬山虎总是野心勃勃地企图占领每一寸墙。在那无数枝卷向上的藤蔓中，有一枝几乎攀上了那尖尖的屋顶，这是有一阵风刮来，把它悬在半空中。
刘川从窗口望出去，看到了对面墙上的这个镜头，下意识的笑了起来。“你是藤，我是墙。”有一天他对小梅说。
Write your essay on Answer Sheet Four.
第三套
中译英
老头儿说我的毛病是太盛。又说，若对手盛;则以柔化之。可要在化的同时，造成克势，柔不是弱，是容，是收，是含。含而化之，让对手入你的势。这势要你造，需要无为而无不为。无为即是道，也就是棋运之大可不变，你想变，就不是象棋，输不用说了，连棋边儿都沾不上。棋运不可悖，但每局的势要自己造，棋运和势既有，那可就无所不为了。玄是真玄，可细琢磨，是那么个理儿。
Head injuries are often fatal, or of sufficient severity to require the hospitalization of victims. But there is a large group of people who sustain head injuries which can go undetected through ordinary medical examination. There are the people who seemingly recover from their injuries but still suffer subtle intellectual and behavioral effect that may seriously impair their ability to work and interact normally with other people. They are the victims of what experts call a "silent epidemic". Some never lost consciousness and others never even suffered a direct blow to the head, yet brain damage occurred.
专八十套模拟题
第一套：
中译英：
将近九十年以后，毛姆在一次广播讲话里用自己的话重申了这个看法，并作了发挥。如果我没有理解错的话，毛姆先生说的是：人的头脑的基本构造之中具有一种东西，它非常喜欢甚至要求听人讲故事，讲一个开头、中间、结尾都齐全的故事。他还说，现代有些作家过分热衷于剖析心理和进行论证，忽视讲故事要注意完整性这一重要特点，结果使得侦探故事普遍趋于一般化。我感到这两位十分不同的作家所作的精辟论断相得益彰，都是很有启发的。柯林斯是要“讲一个故事”，就在这讲故事的过程中，他形成了侦探小说家所需要的条理性和善于作细致描写的本领。
In the first part of your paper you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to natural
作文：
China witnesses great success in economical development after its adoption of the policy of reform and openness to the outside world. But the economical prosperity, at the same time, brings about the overwhelming appearance of fake commodities causing enormous economical loss. Write an essay about 400 words, expressing your view on fake commodities.
他眼中的那枝藤蔓化成了她的形象，在他向她说了这句话之后，她撅起嘴巴转身走了。“我没有模仿电影中的男主角，加快了脚步去追她。”他想。他俩也向所有年轻情侣那样天生好赌气，可末了，总是她来找他，一般不出一个星期。他很有信心。
英译中：
But the worst of it isn't society’s work -ethic morality; it’s your own, which you never knew you had. You find out how much self -satisfaction was gained from even the simplest work--related task; a well worded letter, a well-handled phone call --even a clean fire. Being useful to yourself isn't enough.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
But, back at her studies, she began to have difficulties. Suddenly her As and Bs were gone. She had trouble remembering what she'd read and was irritable and easily distracted.
In the first part of your paper you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to natural conclusion with a summary.
But then almost everyone has heard about the need to be a useful member of society .What you didn't know about was the loneliness. You've spent your life almost constantly surrounded by people, in classes, in dorms and at work. To suddenly find yourself with only your cat to talk to a day distorts your sense of reality. You begin to worry that flights of fancy might become one way.
You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.