初中定语从句和宾语从句
初中英语从句类型总结
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初中英语从句类型总结从句是一个句子在句子中充当特定成分的句子。
它们可以在复合句中充当主语、宾语、定语或状语。
学好英语从句是初中英语的重要内容,也是学生提高英语语言能力的关键。
下面是对常见的英语从句类型进行总结,以帮助初中学生更好地理解和运用。
一、名词性从句:名词性从句在句子中充当名词的成分,可以作主语、宾语、表语或补语。
1. 主语从句:主语从句作为主句的主语,一般以连词that引导,也可以以whether或if引导。
例句:Whether he will come to the party is still unknown.2. 主语从句的特殊情况:- 在it is/was + adj. + that从句这种结构中,that从句充当主语。
例句:It is important that we learn from our mistakes.- 有时从句的结构较长或复杂,为避免过多的that,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语是从句。
例句:It is said that he has won the first prize in the competition.3. 宾语从句:宾语从句作为及物动词的宾语,由连词that引导,也可以以whether 或 if引导。
例句:I don't know if he will come to the party.4. 表语从句:表语从句用来说明主语的身份、性质、状态等,由连词that引导。
例句:The fact that he was absent from the meeting surprised everyone.5. 同位语从句:同位语从句用来解释或说明一个名词或代词的具体内容,由连词that引导。
例句:The news that he has passed the exam excited his parents.二、形容词性从句:形容词性从句用来修饰名词或代词,由关系代词who、whom、whose、which或关系副词where、when、why、how引导。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)
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初中英语语法——三大从句汇总在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which which whose of which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the firstyear of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总
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初中英语语法——三大从句汇总在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等).以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词.请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher。
先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who,that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:格先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which whichwhoseof which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
初中英语语法宾语、定语、状语从句总结
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初中英语语法宾语、定语、状语从句总结- 1 -宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends>三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.- 2 -定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“….的”Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the>e.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech>当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.- 3 -状语从句一、定义在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句,它可以用来修饰谓语(包括非谓语动词)、定语或状语,或是整个句子。
定语从句及宾语从句的区别及联系
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宾语从句一、宾语从句概说宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。
在谓语动词,介词和某些形容词等后面都可以接宾语从句。
同学们要掌握好宾语从句,主要应该注意以下三个关键:1.连接词:根据从句类型而定。
2.语序:用述句语序。
3.时态:根据主句中谓语动词的时态而定。
(自然、科学规律及真理可以除外)二、宾语从句的连接词:1.thatthat引导述意义的宾语从句,无实际意思,在从句中也不充当任何成分。
在口语和非正式文体中that常被省略。
She said that she missed us very much.她说她非常想念我们。
I think she is right.我认为她是对的(that被省略)2.whether, if:whether与if引导选择意义的宾语从句,意思为"是否"。
I wonder whether/ if she still lives here after so many years.这不知道经过这么之年她是否还住在这里。
Have you found out whether/if he is in London?你弄清楚他是否在伦敦了吗?3.what, who, whom, which这是一组连接代词,引导疑问意义的宾语从句。
Can you tell me what bread is made from?你能告诉我面包是由什么制造的吗?I can't remember who has e to my office.我不记得谁来过我的办公室了。
Tom asked me whom/who they were talking about.汤姆问我他们在谈论谁。
I want to know which is better.我想知道哪一个更好些。
whom引导宾语从句时一般可由who替换,但如果宾语从句的介词提前,则只能用whom,不能用who。
I wonder with who she is angry.(×)I wonder with whom she is angry.我不知道她在跟谁生气。
初中的解析名词性从句的类型与用法
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初中的解析名词性从句的类型与用法在初中语法学习中,解析名词性从句是一个重要的知识点。
它作为一个复杂的从句结构,具有多种类型和用法。
本文将系统地介绍名词性从句的各种类型和用法,以帮助初中生更好地掌握这一知识点。
1. 定语从句定语从句是名词性从句的一种常见类型,通常用来修饰一个名词或代词,起到形容词的作用。
定语从句可以用来修饰人或物,并且可以用关系代词或关系副词引导。
例如:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.在这个句子中,"that I borrowed from the library"就是一个定语从句,修饰名词"book"。
2. 主语从句主语从句作为名词性从句的另一种类型,用来充当主句的主语部分。
它通常由关系代词"what"引导,或由连接词"that"引导。
例如:What he said is true.在这个句子中,"What he said"是一个主语从句,作为整个句子的主语。
3. 宾语从句宾语从句作为名词性从句的另一种类型,用来充当主句的宾语部分。
它可以由关系代词或连接词引导,具体使用哪种引导词要根据句子需要来决定。
例如:I believe that he will come to the party.在这个句子中,"that he will come to the party"是一个宾语从句,作为整个句子的宾语。
4. 表语从句表语从句作为名词性从句的另一种类型,用来充当主句的表语部分,通常由连接词"that"引导。
例如:The fact that she passed the exam makes her parents proud.在这个句子中,"that she passed the exam"是一个表语从句,作为整个句子的表语。
初中英语时态定语从句宾语从句
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动词的时态一、一般现在时态1.构成: (1) be: am/is/are (2) do: do/does2.用法:(1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
与often, always, usually, sometimes,once a week, every day 等表示频度的副词或时间状语连用。
(2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。
(3)在时间、条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。
eg: If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the park.(4)在某些以here, there开头的句子用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。
eg: There goes the bell.3.与一般现在时连用的时间状语(1)表示频度的副词:always, often, usually, sometimes等。
(2) on Sunday, on Monday morning, every day,in the morning, at night, every year等。
(3) once a year, twice a month, three times a week等表示频率的短语。
二、一般过去时态1.构成:(1)be: was/were (2) do: did2.用法:(1)表示过去某时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
(2) 表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作.(过去常常做某事也可用used to do sth.来表示)3.与一般过去时连用的时间状语:last night, yesterday,last week, some years ago, in 1995, in the past, the other day, just now,at that time 等。
注意:有一些容易变化错误的单词,如:prefer→preferred, fix→fixed, mix→mixed三一般将来时1构成(1)will +be/do(2) be going to +be/do2.用法:(1)will +be/do 的用法①表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。
初中英语宾语从句和定语从句的区别
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初中英语宾语从句和定语从句的区别摘要:1.宾语从句和定语从句的定义与区别2.宾语从句的构成和应用3.定语从句的构成和应用4.总结:如何正确使用宾语从句和定语从句正文:宾语从句和定语从句是英语中两种常见的从句类型,它们在句子中起着重要作用。
许多学生在学习过程中对这两种从句的区分和应用感到困惑。
接下来,我们将详细介绍宾语从句和定语从句的区别,以及它们的构成和应用。
首先,我们来了解一下宾语从句和定语从句的定义与区别。
宾语从句是一种从句,它在句子中作为动词、形容词或其他词的宾语。
而定语从句则是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
二者的主要区别在于它们在句子中的功能和位置。
接下来,我们分别来看一下宾语从句和定语从句的构成和应用。
1.宾语从句的构成和应用:宾语从句通常由连词(如that、whether、who、what等)引导,位于动词、形容词或其他词的后方。
例如:- I don"t know whether he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。
)- He said that he would help me.(他说他会帮我。
)2.定语从句的构成和应用:定语从句通常由关系词(如who、whom、which、that等)引导,位于所修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如:- The book, which is on the table, is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。
)- He mentioned a girl who is his friend.(他提到了一个是他朋友的女孩子。
)最后,我们来总结一下如何正确使用宾语从句和定语从句。
在实际应用中,要根据句子结构和语境判断使用哪种从句。
宾语从句主要用于表示动作的宾语,而定语从句则用于修饰名词或代词。
通过熟练掌握这两种从句的构成和应用,我们可以在英语表达中更加准确地传达思想和意图。
总之,宾语从句和定语从句在英语中具有重要作用。
了解它们的定义、构成和应用有助于我们更加准确地表达思想和提高语言表达能力。
初中英语三大从句
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初中英语三大从句:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句。
拓展:
宾语从句:指在一个句子中充当宾语的句子。
例句:He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up.
特点:
①宾语从句有自己的连接词;
②宾语从句用陈述语序;
③宾语从句的时态。
常用连接词:that、if、whether等。
时态规则:主现则从任,主过则从过,客观真理一般现。
定语从句:指在一个句子中作定语的句子。
(定语从句要放在所修饰的词后)
例句:I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital.
常用连接词:连接代词who、which、whom、whose、that及连接副词when、where、why。
状语从句:指在一个句子中作状语的句子。
例句:I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill.(原因状语从句)分类:时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句。
初中英语从句
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初中英语从句初中英语从句作为英语学习的重点之一,从句在初中阶段的英语学习中扮演着重要的角色。
从句是由连词引导的具有一定独立意义的句子,在整个句子中充当名词、形容词或副词的作用。
掌握从句的使用方法,对于提升学习者的英语能力和语言表达能力非常重要。
从句分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三种。
一、名词性从句名词性从句在句子中充当名词的角色,可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。
1. 主语从句主语从句通常以it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从从句放在句末。
常见的引导主语从句的连词有that、whether和疑问词。
例如:- It is important that we protect the environment.- Whether he can come to the party is still uncertain. - What he said surprised me.2. 宾语从句宾语从句通常作及物动词、介词、形容词后的宾语。
常见的引导宾语从句的连词有that、whether和疑问词。
例如:- He said that he would come tomorrow.- I don't know whether I can pass the exam.- Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?3. 表语从句表语从句通常用于连系动词后,作用是对主语进行补充说明。
常见的引导表语从句的连词有that、whether和疑问词。
例如:- The fact is that he is a good student.- My concern is whether we can finish the project on time.- The question is where we should go for vacation.4. 同位语从句同位语从句通常用于对某一名称词进行解释说明。
初中从句知识点+练习(状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句)
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初中三大从句一、中考要求:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句的用法是中考热点之一,主要考查三种从句的引导词的选择;宾语从句的语序和时态;状语从句主要考查时间状语从句、条件状语从句、因果状语从句,特别是条件状语从句的时态、so… that引导的结果状语从句和目的状语从句等。
二、知识要点:1. 宾语从句:在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句,中考主要考查的知识点有三个:引导词、语序和时态。
宾语从句的引导词有三种:1)that;2)whether/ if;3)特殊疑问词What/ when/ where/ who等。
例如:He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week. 你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin?你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗?1) 以that引导的宾语从句:that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当,引导词that没有实际意义,不在从句中作任何成分,that可以省略,而且从句成分齐全,句意完整。
Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗?He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。
2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句:从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,变成从句后,语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。
whether和if意思是“是否”。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
定语从句与宾语从句讲解
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定语从句与宾语从句讲解定语从句与宾语从句讲解你知道英语中的定语从句和宾语从句是什么吗?下面是店铺收集整理的定语从句与宾语从句讲解,希望对您有所帮助!如果你觉得不错的话,欢迎分享!定语从句在复合句中,用作定语的'从句叫定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面,由关系代词或关系副词引导。
下面我们结合例句来复习一下初中学过的由that, which, who和whom引导的定语从句。
1. 关系代词that引导的定语从句,that在从句中作主语或宾语,可以指人,也可以指物。
如:The letter that came this morning is from my father. (作主语,指物)Here are the books that I borrowed from you a week ago. (作宾语,指物)The woman that spoke to me in the shop used to live next door. (作主语,指人)The person that I have to phone lives inIndia. (作宾语,指人)2. 关系代词which引导的定语从句,which在从句中作主语或宾语,只可以指物。
如:Take the book which is lying on the table. (作主语,指物)It's a story which every child will enjoy. (作宾语,指物)3. 关系代词who和whom引导的定语从句。
who和whom只可以指人,who在从句中作主语, whom在从句中作宾语,在口语中常用who代替whom。
如:Those students who failed the exam will have to take it again. (作主语,指人)The girl who / whom I spoke to was a student. (作宾语,指人)宾语从句在复合句中,用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。
初中英语宾语从句、定语从句语法小结
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初中英语宾语从句、定语从句语法小结宾语从句一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。
二、连接词that: I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if: I don’t know what the word means.“Wh”: I don’t know what the word means.I don’t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况:1. 与or not连用:I don’t know whether it’s raining or not.2. 与动词不定式连用:He doesn’t know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时:It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1. 主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定(各种时态均可) She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。
1)She said that she was a student.2)She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.3)She said that she had finished her homework already.3. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.定语从句一、定义在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。
二、先行词先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词(即先行词)后三、关系代词关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分,所以从句中不可再出现其他代替先行词的代词四、翻译方法“….的”Whom: 先行词指人,则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语), 与who的区别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom1. This is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. I don’t like the boy to whom you are talking.Whose : 指人或物,作定语,表示“…的”eg: Harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.关系代词只能that 的特殊情况:1.先行词前有序数词修饰时:This is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时:This is the most exciting film that I have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g. Is there anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时, 用that.e.g. He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被all , little , the only , the very(就是,正是), the last 等词修饰时,只能用thate.g. This is the last place that I want to visit.6. 特殊疑问句以who 或which 开头,只能用that引导.Who is the girl that is making a speech on the platform?当关系代词前使用介词时:物+介词+which ; 人+ 介词+ whom当关系代词前使用介词时:e.g. 1. This is the train by which we went to Beijing.2. This is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.。
初中英语如何判断宾语从句定语从句
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在初中英语中,判断宾语从句和定语从句有一些关键点可以帮助我们区分它们。
首先,宾语从句是用来作及物动词或介词后的宾语的从句,而定语从句是用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句。
其次,宾语从句通常由连接词“that”引导,而定语从句则可以由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)或关系副词(如when, where, why)引导。
另外,宾语从句通常可以改变位置,放在主句前面或后面,而定语从句则不能改变位置,必须紧跟在被修饰的名词或代词后面。
举个例子来说明:
1. He said (that) he would come to the party.(宾语从句)
2. The book (that) I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(定语从句)
在例句1中,宾语从句“he would come to the party”作为动词“said”的宾语,可以放在主句后面,也可以放在主句前面。
在例句2中,定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰名词“book”,不能改变位置,必须紧跟在被修饰的名词后面。
总结起来,判断宾语从句和定语从句的关键是确定从句的功能(作宾语还是修饰名词),并观察从句的引导词和位置。
希望以上解释对你有帮助。
初中英语定语从句和宾语从句
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初中英语定语从句和宾语从句English:A relative clause is a type of dependent clause that functions as an adjective by modifying a noun or pronoun. It provides additional information about the noun, such as describing its characteristics, identifying it, or giving more details about it. In English, relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns (such as who, whom, whose, which, and that) or relative adverbs (such as when, where, and why). For example, in the sentence "The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting," the relative clause "that I bought yesterday" provides more information about the noun "book." An object clause, on the other hand, is a type of dependent clause that functions as a direct object within a sentence. It provides more information about the action of the main clause, answering the question "what" or "whom." Object clauses are introduced by subordinating conjunctions such as that, whether, if, or by interrogative pronouns such as who, whom, what, or which. For example, in the sentence "She knows what the answer is," the object clause "what the answer is" serves as the direct object of the verb "knows."中文翻译:定语从句是一种依赖从句,它通过修饰名词或代词的方式起形容词的作用。
初中英语语法宾语从句和定语从句的用法
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定语从句的用法定语从句1在复合句中做定语的从句称为定语从句,它可以用来修饰名词或代词。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句必须放在先行词后面。
2引导定语从句的词通常被称为关系词。
关系词一般位于先行词与定语从句之间,且作为定语从句的一个成分。
关系词又分为关系代词和关系副词。
I 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。
例如:Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。
例如:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如:A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
(which / that在句中作宾语)The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
初中英语语法公式(9)宾语从句,定语从句
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初中英语语法公式(9)宾语从句,定语从句Part1:宾语从句 (1)Part2:定语从句 (3)Part1:宾语从句公式1主句(+that)(无实义,只引导)+宾语从句I don’t think (that) there will be time to do it. 我认为没有时间做这件事了。
公式2主句+whether/if(“是否”)+宾语从句I don’t know weather/if it is going to rain. 我不知道是否会下雨。
结构︰主要子句+whether/if+子句说明︰此句型意为“…是否…”。
口语中使用if 较为普遍。
如果子句中带有or not 等词,则只能用whether;另外,whether 不能引导否定的间接"疑问句",而if 则可以。
He asked me the question whether the price was too high. 他问我价格是否太高。
They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. 他们问他质量是否好。
Tell me whether you like this color. 告诉我你喜不喜欢这种颜色。
Tell me if it doesn’t rain. 告诉我是否下不了雨。
Ask him if it is true. 问他那是不是真的。
I wonder if he is in the school. 我想知道他是否在学校。
公式31)…介词+whether+宾语从句2)主句+whether or not+宾语从句3)主句+whether to do …I’m interested in whether he likes English. 我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。
公式4主句+连接代词who/what/which/whose等+宾语从句结构︰主要子句+疑问词(what/how/which/why 等)+子句说明︰这是间接"疑问句"。
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定语从句定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子,它在句中作定语。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。
如I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. 我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。
↓ ↘引导词↓先行词从句 (定语从句)This is the most interesting book that he has ever read. 这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。
↓ ↘引导词↓先行词从句 (定语从句)·考点1:先行词是人时引导词的选用(1). 先行词是人,引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that. 如:Here comes the man who (that)wants to see you. 想见你的那个人来了。
(先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that)(2). 先行词是人,引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that. 如:This is the person whom (who, that)you are looking for. 这正是你要找的人。
(先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that))考点2:先行词是物时引导词的选用(1).先行词是物时,一般情况下引导词可以用which或that. 如:Mary like music that (which) is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。
(先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that)The film which(that) we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。
(先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that)`(2).以下情况,引导词只能用that, 不能用which.①. 当先行词是不定代词(anything, everything, nothing, something, few, all,little等)时,引导词只用that。
Have you written down everything that Mr. Lin has said 你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己经做了。
There is little that I can do for you. 我能为你做的事几乎没有了。
②. 当先行词由以下词修饰时,引导词只用that. 这些词有:only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little, few等。
如:That is the very dress that I want to buy. 那正是我要买的裙子。
《English is the only subject that I like. 英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。
Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。
③. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,引导词只用that.This is the fifth school that I have taught so far. 这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。
Mr. Li’s class is the most interesting one that I have ever had.李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。
④. 当先行词有人又有物时,只能用that。
如:(Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported拓展知识考点3:先行词是时间,地点,原因时引导词的选用(1). 先行词是时间, 地点,原因并在从句中作状语时, 引导词分别用when, where, why, 也可以用介词+which结构。
如:I wanted to know the day when he was born. =I wanted to know the day on which he was born.我想知道他出生在哪一天。
He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago.=He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago.~他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school 你知道他迟到的原因吗(2). 先行词是时间, 地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用which或者that。
如:I remember the days which (that) we spent on the farm. 我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。
Lu Ming studies in the school which (that) was built 1 years ago. 卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。
考点4:引导词前有介词时,先行词是人,引导词只能用whom, 先行词是事物时,引导词只用which。
如:This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。
Jacky stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived. 杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。
&考点5:先行词是代词时,先判断其指代人还是指代物,再决定用哪个引导词。
如:I don’t like those who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。
The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there.这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。
/`宾语从句宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。
如:Rose said she would visit us sometime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。
↓ ↓主句从句 (宾语从句)Could you tell me where he is from 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗↓ ↓*主句从句 (宾语从句)考点1:引导词的选用(1). 陈述句的引导词用that,常可省略。
I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou. He said.→He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou.他说他将要在广州见他的网友。
(2). 一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。
(后有or 时只用whether)Would you like to play basketball with me He asked me.'→He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him. 他问我是否会和他去打篮球。
Is it a fast train or a slowly one I wanted to know.→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。
(3). 特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。
How old are you They want to know.→They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。
What are you going to do this afternoon He asked me.→He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。
)考点2:语序 (宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序,即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后)He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come” 疑问语序(第1助动词don’t 在主语you之前)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后)Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。
特殊:①.What’s wrong with …在宾语从句中不变语序。
如:I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。
②. 引导词在从句中做主语时,语序不变。
如:Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.\杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。
(who 是引导词,在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语,本身己是陈述语序,不需再变。
)考点3:时态(主句从句在时态上要一致)(1). 主句是现在时(一般现在时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时),从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
“John speaks highly of you.” Tom tells me.→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me. 汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。
(主句用tells, 是一般现在时,从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night. 陈述语序(第1助动词didn’t 在主语you之后),Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。
(2). 主句是过去时(一般过去时,过去进行时),从句只用过去某种相应时态。
“When shall we have the meeting” The boy asked.→The boy asked when they should have the meeting. 男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。