英汉篇章的翻译
篇章翻译英译汉
英译汉San Francisco“San Francisco, open your Golden Gate,” sang the girl in the theatre. She never1 finished her song. That date was 18th April,1906. The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided,buildings crashed2 to the ground and people rushed out into the streets. The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of California.3 But today the streets of San Francisco stretch over more than forty steep hills,rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.The best way to see this splendid city,where Spanish people were the first to make their homes,is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues. Fares are cheap; they have not risen,I‟m told,for almost a hundred years.4You leave5 the palm trees in Union Square --- the heart of San Francisco --- and from the shop signs and the faces around you,you will notice that in the city live people from many nations --- Austrians,Italians,Chinese and others6 --- giving each part a special character. More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China.7 Here,with Chinese restaurants, Chinese post-boxes, and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagodas,it is easy8 to feel you are in China itself.Fisherman‟s Wharf, a place all foreigners want to see,is at the end of the ride. You get out, pause perhaps to help the other travelers to swing the cable car on its turntable (a city custom),and then set out to find a table in one of9 the gay little restaurants beside the harbor. As you enjoy the fresh Pacific seafood you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon .漫步旧金山“旧金山,敞开你的金门吧!”剧院里女歌手唱道,可惜她再也没能唱完1。
Unit 18 英汉篇章翻译(三).
Unit 18 英汉篇章翻译(三)教学目的要求:了解如何使用各种技巧进行篇章的翻译。
初步了解语篇翻译的难点及其处理;通过对本文的翻译,了解翻译的艰辛,同时通过对主人公事迹的学习,加强学生的德育教育,寓德育教育于课堂教育中。
教学重点:把握在语篇翻译中使用各种翻译技巧,了解语篇翻译的难点及其处理。
教学难点:长句的翻译。
教学内容:Three Days to SeeBy Helen Keller摘自:许明龙译,选自《英语名作佳译赏析》,世界图书出版公司,1999。
转引自:南开大学外国语学院英语系《英语翻译教程》,天津:南开大学出版社,2004。
作者简介:Helen Keller, 美国女作家及教育家,一岁半时,由于生病失聪、失明。
她通过刻苦努力,取得了甚至常人都无法取得的成就。
她勤奋写作,并到世界各地演讲,她的事迹感动和激励了一代代的青年。
她的主要著作有《我的一生〉,《海伦·凯勒日记〉,《给我三天光明〉。
Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigour, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days of months and years to come. There are those, of course, who would adopt the epicurean motto of “eat, drink and be merry,” but most people would be chastened by the certainty of impending death.有时我想,把每一天都当做生命的最后一天来过,也许是一种极好的生活准则。
新编英汉互译教程,谭卫国,第2章:Pricinples for Translation
(i.e. tourism/advertising texts)
Principles of Translation
Name
Principles/Proposals
Applications/Comments
P15:Yan Fu严复
2.Normativeness/elegance:The version itself should be normative.(i.e.,proper words,expressionsandsentencesshould be employed in a normative manner, or in accordance with thegrammatical rulesof the target language)
P18:Liu Zhongde
刘重德
Triple principles信达切
1.Faithfulness:
2.Expressiveness:
3.Closeness:The TT should be as close to the original style as possible.
P19 VS严复&泰特勒
3.The translation should have all theeaseof original composition.
P13:Eugene A. Nida
尤全·A·奈达
Dynamic → Functional Equivalence(功能对等论):
“动态对等”中的对等包括四个方面:1. 词汇对等,2. 句法对等,3. 篇章对等,4. 文体对等。在这四个方面中,奈达认为“意义是最重要的,形式其次”(Translatethe meaningof the original in such a way.)
新英汉翻译课件教程 chapter 2 翻译的过程
例1:Having discovered an unknown island, they wintered upon it. (G.A.Lensen: Russian’s Eastward Expansion) 【译文】他们发现了一个无名小岛后,便住了下 来,在那里过冬。 【解析】这是个“主-谓”结构的简单句,译文的 靓点是“wintered upon it”,“winter”用作名词是 “冬天”,用作动词译为“过冬”。“过冬”肯定 是住下来过,因此增加了“住下来”使句子顿时鲜 活。 比如“shadow”我们对它的认识就是“阴影、影 子”,但“Shadow him and see what is going to happen.”却是“跟踪他看看会发生什么”,它用 作动词时意思却变为“如影随形地跟踪”。
译文欣赏
1.无论是中国还是美国,都不会缩小贸易的重要性。 2. 几乎是毫无意识地,我用手指抚摸着我所熟悉的 叶片和花朵,这新长的叶子和新开的花朵迎来了南 方美好的春天。 3. 话说,人生幸福只需三条:有所爱,有所为,有 所盼。 4. 爱丽丝无所事事,跟姐姐一起闲坐岸边,开始感 到厌倦了。姐姐正在看书,她瞥了一两眼,但是那 书上并没有图画或对话。爱丽丝想,一本书中如果 没有图画或是对话,那它又有什么用呢?
【译文】让我们回到密西西比去,回到亚拉巴马去, 回到南卡罗来纳去,回到佐治亚去,回到路易斯安 娜去,回到我们北方城市中的贫民区和少数民族居 住区去。要牢记,这种状况是能够,也必将改变的。 我们不要陷入绝望而不可自拔。 朋友们,今天我对你们说,在此时此刻,我们 虽然遭受种种困难和挫折,我仍然有一个梦想。这 个梦想是深深扎根于美国的梦想中的。 我梦想有一天,这个国家会站起来,真正实现 其信条的真谛:“我们认为这些真理是不言而喻的: 人人生而平等。” 【解析】译文再现原文交际情景,选词组句紧扣原 文,给读者描述了一件发生在异国他乡的事件。译 者运用直译手法,刻意保留原文的语言和文化差异, 文化色彩,使译文“洋气”一点。直译可以缩短民 族文化交流的差距。
翻译技巧删减和否定翻译法
I. Review and comments on the assignments
27. They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American. 他们想要确定, 他是否履行了受雇条件, 是否履行了作为 美国公民所应尽的职责。 28. Each country has its own customs. 各国有各国的风俗。 29. You may borrow whichever novel in my bookcase you like best. 我书架上的小说你最爱哪一本, 你就可以借哪一本。 30. Our reception in China, he would tell people, “was enormously gracious and polite”; we were “very businesslike, very precise, no rhetoric on either side.” 他逢人便说,当中国接待我“非常周到,客气极了”;给 我们的待遇“好得不得了”; 会谈“非常务实, 非常明确, 双方都不说空话。”
早睡早起使人身体健康。(省略连词and 和 不定冠词a )
II. Omission in translation
5.As it is late, you’d better go home.
时间不早了,你该回家了。(省译原因的 从属连词as) 6.Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled. 金属热胀冷缩。(省译从属连词when) 7.I won’t go if you are not going. 你不去,我也不去。(省译连词if)
汉翻英之语篇翻译
在此情形下,翻译研究所要解决的问题就 是如何将“信息的丢失”减少到最低程度, 换个角度讲,也就是如何做到译文语篇对 原文语篇意义、信息最大程度地传递。既 然构成语篇总体信息的各信息单元并非等 量齐观,而是存在着主、次与重心和非重 心之层次差别,英汉语篇存在如上所述的 差异,那么在语篇翻译时,译者的最重要 任务就是要保证对原文语篇中承载的主要 信息、中心信息在译文语篇中得到顺畅传 递。
受西方传统哲学“神凡二分”、“科学主 义”、“形式主义”的影响,英吉利等西方 民族在思维方式上具有一种“重理性、重分 析、重形式完备”的鲜明特征。(司显柱, 1999b)这一特征反映在英语语篇构建上, 就是谋篇布局一般总是以一个核心结构为核 心,其他结构或成份都是直接或间接地依附、 服务于这个核心结构,从而形成以核心结构 控 制 各 种 关 系 的 层 次 结 构 ( hierarchical structure)如:
东边闪电出日头,西边闪电必有雨,南边闪电 天气热,北边闪电有雷雨。(如果东边闪电则 出日头,如果西边闪电则必有雨,如果南边闪 电则天气热,如果北边闪电则有雷雨)。
If it lightens in the east, it will be sunny; if it lightens in west, it will be rainy; if it lightens in south, it will be sultry, if it lightens in the north, it will be stormy.
因此,语篇翻译的实质是着眼于整个语篇宏 观题旨的传译(tendering)。为此,译者在翻译 中往往要对原文语篇的构建模式、衔接方式 按译文语篇的构建特征作相应地调整;不仅 如此,在此过程中,遇到由于文化差异较大 而对译文读者构成“阻滞点”的语句还需做 出调整。当然,由于语言、文化间普遍共性 的存在,有些情况下,译者无须对原文语篇 的构建及其表现形式作出更动,这在同语族 内的跨语翻译如英德语之间的翻译较为常见。 在这种情形下,自上而下看,译文语篇实现 了对原文语篇信息的传译;自下而上看,两 者还常常做到了句句对应。
英译汉篇章翻译3
英译汉篇章翻译练习(3)I took home a briefcase full of troubles. As I sat down on that hot and humid evening, there seemed to be no solutions to the problems thrashing around in my brain. So I picked up a book, settled into a comfortable chair and applied my own special therapy—supper-slow reading.I spent three or four hours on two short chapters of Personal History by Vincent Sheena—savoring each paragraph, lingering over a sentence, a phrase, or even a single word, building a detailed mental picture of the scene. No longer was I in Sydney, Australia, on a sticky heart-wave night. Relishing every word, I joined foreign correspondent Sheena on a mission to China and another to Russia. I lost myself in the author’s world. And when finally I put in down, my mind was totally refreshed.Next morning, four words from the book—“take the long view”—were still in my mind. At my desk, I had a long-view look at my problems. Once more, super-slow reading had given me not only pleasure but perspective, and helped me in my everyday affairs.I discovered its worth years ago….Previously, if I had been really interested in a book, I would race from page to page, eager to know what came next. Now, I decided, I had to become a miser with words and stretch every sentence like a poor man spending his last dollar.I has stared with the practical object of making my book last. But by the end of the second week I began to realize how much I was getting from super-slow-reading itself. Sometimes just a particular phrase caught my attention, sometimes a sentence. I would read it slowly, analyze it, read it again—perhaps changing down into an even lower gear—and then sit for 20 minutes thinking about it before moving on. I was like a pianist studying a piece of music, phrase by phrase, rehearsing it, trying to discover and recreate exactly what the composer was trying to convey.。
专八翻译_108散文篇章_精选
专八翻译_108散文篇章_精选第一部分汉译英1. 丑石(An Ugly Stone)2. 匆匆(Rush)3. 冬夜(Winter Night)4. 互助(Helping Each Other)5. 黄昏(Dusk)6. 盼头(Something to Lookl Forward to)7. 媲美(Beauty)8. 枪口(The Muzzles)9. 鸲鹆(The Story of a Myna) 10. 铜镜(The Bronze Mirror) 11. 学校(The College)12. 野草(Wild Grass)13. 种梨(Planting a Pear Tree) 14. 哀互生(Mourning for Husheng) 15.落花生(The Peanut)16. 盲演员(A Blind Actor)17. “孺子马” (An”Obedient Horse”)18. 小麻雀(A Little Sparrow) 19. 雄辩症(A Case of Eloquence) 20. 大钱饺子(A Good-luck Dumpling) 21. 荷塘月色(Moonlight over the Lotus Pond)22. 黄龙奇观(A View of Huangllong)23. 枯叶蝴蝶(Lappet Butterfies)24. 泡菜坛子(A pickle Pot)25. 田水哗啦(The Irrigation Water Came Gurgling) 26. 我若为王(If IBe King)27. 西式幽默(Western Humour)28. 项脊轩志(Xiangjixuan)29. 夜间来客(A Night Visitor——A True Story abouta ”Celebrity”Being Interviewed)30. 珍禽血雉(China‘s Native Pheasant)31. 常胜的歌手(A Singer Who Always Wins) 32. 健忘的画眉(The Forgetful Song Thrush) 33. 可爱的南京(Nanjing the Beloved City) 34. 鲁迅先生记(In Memory of Mr.Lu Xun)35. 苗族龙船节(The Miao Drangon-Boat Festival) 36. 秋天的怀念(Fond Memories of You)37. 献你一束花(A Bouquet of Flowers for you) 38. 鸭巢围的夜(A Night at Mallard-Nest Village) 39. 玫瑰色的月亮(The Rosy Moon)40. 内画壶《百子图》(Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside) 41. 维护团结的人(A Man Upholding Unity)42. 我有一个志愿(I Have a Dream)43. 运动员的情操(Sportsmen‘s Values)44. 神话世界九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou,China‘s Fairyland)45. 生命的三分之一(One Third of Our Lifetime)46. 我可能是天津人(I Might Have Come from Tianjin) 47. 五台名刹画沧桑(The famous Monastery Witnesses Vicissitudes) 48. 爱梦想的羞怯女孩(A Shy Dreamer)49. 永久的憧憬和追求(My Lnging and yearning)50. 老人和他的三个儿子(The Old Man and his three sons) 51. 乐山龙舟会多姿多彩(dragon-Boat Festival at Leshan) 52. 撷自那片芳洲的清供(AnOffering from his Sweet homeland) 53. 三峡多奇景妙笔夺开工(The Scenic Three Gorges Captured ) 54. 初中国旅游可到哪些地斱(Tips on Traveling to China the First Time)第二部分英译汉1. A Ball to Roll Around(滚球)2. A Boupquet for Miss Benson(送给卞老师的一束花)3. A Boy and His Father Become Partners(父子伙伴情)4. A Gift of Dreams(梦寐以求的礼物)5. A Hard Day in the Kitchen(厨房里的一场闹刷)6. A Nation of Hypochondriacs(一个疑病症患者的国度)7. Are Books an Endangered Species? (书籍是即将灭绝的物种吗?)8. A Sailor‘s Christmas Gift(一个海员的圣诞礼物)9. A Tale of Two Smut Merchants(两上淫秽照片商的故事)10. A Visit with the Folks(探访故亲)11. Canadian Eskimo Lithographs(加拿大爱斯基摩人的石版画) 12. Divorce and Kids(离婚不孩子)13. Doug Heir(杜格?埃厄)14. Fame(声誉)s Journey(费利西娅的旅行) 15. Felicia‘16. Genius Sacrificed for failure(为育庸才损英才) 17. Glories of the Storm(辉煌壮丽的暴风雨) 18. Han Suyin‘s China(韩素音笔下的中国) 19. Hate(仇恨)20. How Should One Read a Book? (怎样读书?) 21. In Praie of the Humble Comma(小小逗号赞) 22. Integrity——From A Mother in Mannville(正直) 23. In the Pursuit of a Haunting and Timeless Truth(追寻一段永世难忘的叱实)24. Killer on Wings is Under Threat(飞翔的杀手正受到威胁) 25. Lifein a Violin Case(琴匣子中的生趣)26. Love Is Not like Merchandise(爱情不是商品) 27. Luck(好运气)28. Mayhew(生活的道路)29. My Averae Uncle(艾默大叔——一个普普通通的人) 30. My Father‘s Music(我父亲的音乐)31. My Mother‘s Gift (母亲的礼物)32. New Light Buld Offers Energy Efficiency(新型灯泡提高能效) 33. Of Studies(谈读书)34. On Leadership(论领导)35. On Cottages in General(农舍概述)36. Over the Hill(开小差)37. Promise of Bluebirds(蓝知更鸟的希望)38. Stories on a Headboard(床头板上故事多)39. Sunday(星期天)40. The Blanket(一条毛毯)41. The Colour of the Sky(天空的色彩)42. The date Father Didn‘t Keep(父亲失约)43. The Kiss(吻)) 44. The Letter(家书45. The Little Boat That Sailed through Time(悠悠岁月小船情) 46. The Living Seas(富有生命的海洋)47. The Roots of My Ambition(我的自强之源)48. The song of the River(河之歌)49. They Wanted Him Everywhere——Herbert von Karajan(1908-1989) (哪儿都要他)50. Three Great Puffy Rolls(三个又大双暄的面包圈) 51. Trust(信任)52. Why measure Life in Hearbeats? (何必以心跳定生死?)53. Why the bones Break(骨折缘何而起)54. Why Women Live Longer than Men(为什么女人经男人活得长)丑石 An Ugly Stone贾平凹 Jia Pingwa我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢:它I used to feel sorry for that ugly 黑黝黝地卧在那里,牛似的模样;谁也不知black piece of stone lying like an 道是什么时候留在这里的.谁也不去理会它。
英汉中的翻译对比
英汉中的翻译对比英汉对比在翻译中的应用摘要:英汉由于形态、结构、篇章、民族文化以及思维方式的不同,翻译时往往导致产生差异。
所以在翻译过程中要仔细斟酌,尽量用符合英汉两种语言特点的文字来重现原文的风采。
关键词:英汉对比形态结构篇章翻译英汉两种语言各属不同语系,经过长期的历史演变构成了自己鲜明的特点。
从语言形态学分类上来说,属于印欧语系的英语是一种综合语为主要特征并逐渐向分析型发展过渡的语言,而属于汉藏语系的汉语却是一种以分析型为主的语言。
综合语(synthetic language)与分析语(analytical language),前者的词与词的关系是靠词本身的结构变化来体现的如拉丁语、德语、古英语等。
后者的词与词的结构关系是靠语序和虚词为主要手段来表示。
本文从现代英语和汉语的形态,结构、篇章、民族文化和思维模式的不同来谈论一下英汉对比在翻译中的应用。
一、英汉形态的不同现代英语的形态愈来愈简单化,而它的语序和虚词在语法上的作用加强了,因此有人认为现代英语已朝分析语的方向发展。
以连词为例,英汉连词的作用有许多共同点,但英语的连词比汉语多,且用得也比汉语广泛。
因为英语短语与短语,句与句之间多采用形合法(hypotaxis),即要求结构上的完整。
汉语则不同,短语与短语之间,句与句之间多采用意合法(parataxis)。
汉语句子结构一般都按时间顺序和逻辑关系排列、语序固定、关系明确,因此不需要用那么多连接词来表示相互之间的关系.有时甚至用“却”、“就”、“边”、“再”等副词表示连接关系。
因此,英译汉时不少并列复合句或从属复合句中的连词往往省略。
例:Whenever he is free,he willcome and see me.? 他一有空就来看我。
但是,英语还保留着一些词形变化(inflections),如:动词的表示“时”(tense)和“体”(aspects)的语法意义的后缀变化,这是汉语里所没有的。
英汉翻译练习16篇(参考译文)
英汉翻译练习16篇(参考译文)·英汉翻译练习翻译16篇1.用翻译学外语经验谈大凡水平较高的人都接受过两种教育,一种是从师,另一种更为直接、更为重要——自学。
……在做法语和拉丁语翻译时,我采用了一个极好的方法。
在此,我愿从自己成功的经验出发,把它介绍给学生们效仿。
我选择了一些经典作家,如西塞罗和维脱,因为他们的文体纯正优雅,最受好评。
譬如,我把西塞罗的书信译成法语,然后把译文搁置一旁,等其中的词句和短语全都忘光之后,再把法语译文回译成我力所能及的拉丁语。
最后,拿我那蹩脚的译文与那位罗马演说家平易、优美、用词精当的原文,逐句逐句进行对照。
同样,我也拿维脱的《革命文献》做过好些页的翻译练习。
我把它们先译成拉丁语,搁置一段时间以后,再把它们回译成法语,然后,就我的习作和原文之间的异同,做详细的比较。
渐渐地.我对自己感到比较满意了。
我坚持这种对译的练习,竟用了好几个笔记本。
最后,我终于熟悉了两种语言的习惯用法,至少掌握了一种正确的文体。
这种有益的书面翻译练习还要与欣赏名著这种更为愉快的活动同时或交叉进行。
认真阅读罗马经典著作,对我来说既是一种练习也是一种犒赏。
(爱德华·吉朋)(译文参考祝吉芳编著《英汉翻译——方法与试笔》,北京大学出版社,2004)2.罗马假日影评(节选)当电影发展到苦乐交融的高潮时,通过一种感人的方式把人物带回到现实世界,人物升华到了真正的高尚和无私的精神境界。
派克越来越少考虑把赫本作为独家新闻,更多地把她看作是一个具有完美人格的真实的人。
他在对赫本的爱和想攀上事业阶梯的欲望之间挣扎着。
最后,他选择了爱,放弃了金钱和名誉。
派克以一贯稳健的表演(坚毅的形象)演绎了一个令人难以忘怀的结局。
结尾的处理真实而浪漫,暗示着一种超乎现实之外的精神上的启示。
这一苦乐交融的结局使“罗马假日”免于沦为一类题材的浪漫喜剧-----它们经常靠制造紧张的情节以获得一个美满的结局。
3.人在旅途无论你是谁,无论你身在何方,此时此刻,你我有一个共同点,一个永远伴随你我的共同点。
《《莱特兄弟》(1-4章)英汉翻译及翻译报告》范文
《《莱特兄弟》(1-4章)英汉翻译及翻译报告》篇一《莱特兄弟》翻译报告第一章:前序在一个不远的时代,有两位年轻的工程师——莱特兄弟,他们的梦想为人类的航空领域打开了一扇新的大门。
这是一段基于他们的经历与挑战而创作的故事,由我们对这个激动人心的历程的记载而构建的起始篇章。
Chapter 1: The PrologueChapter 2: 探索天空随着科技的进步,莱特兄弟的梦想愈发清晰。
他们坚信人类有能力飞翔,于是他们开始了对航空技术的探索。
他们用他们的智慧和努力,逐步解决了飞行中的各种难题,如飞机的稳定性、动力和飞行控制等。
第二章:探索天空的雄心壮志莱特兄弟们深知他们的目标宏大且困难重重,但他们却坚信自己的决心和才能能够达成这一伟大的目标。
他们不仅通过自学获得了航空工程的知识,而且以极大的耐心和坚韧的毅力不断尝试和改进他们的飞行器设计。
他们面对的困难重重,但他们从未放弃过。
他们的每一次失败都成为他们成功的阶梯,每一次的挫折都使他们更加坚定地走向成功。
Chapter 3: 破茧成蝶经过无数次的试验和改进,莱特兄弟终于成功制造出了第一架飞机。
他们面临的挑战和困难仍然不少,但他们对未来的信念从未动摇。
最终,他们的飞机成功地在空中飞翔,引起了全球的震惊和赞赏。
第三章:破茧而出,创造历史这是一次具有里程碑意义的飞行。
虽然只有短暂的飞行距离,但它为人类打开了一个全新的领域。
这架由莱特兄弟倾注心血的飞机在天空中翱翔的那一刻,就预示着他们将会为人类的航空事业作出重大贡献。
每一次的试飞都是他们努力的见证,也是他们决心的体现。
Chapter 4: 翱翔蓝天之上在接下来的日子里,莱特兄弟继续进行飞行器的改进和创新。
他们的飞机越来越稳定,飞行距离也越来越远。
他们的名字开始在全世界范围内广为人知,他们的故事激励着更多的人投身于航空事业。
莱特兄弟不仅成为了航空事业的先驱者,更是人类的英雄。
第四章:翱翔蓝天之上,开创未来他们的努力并未因一次成功的飞行而停止。
英译汉的层次段落篇章翻译
Here are thirteen cards. Take any (card). Now give me any three (cards) .
这儿有十三张牌。随便拿一张(牌)。现在给我三张
(牌)。
10
3.连接
英文句子中词组、句子之间大多使用连接词表示相互 的逻辑关系。汉语句子关系往往是平行的,在句子的 各个成分之间往往没有连词,句子成分是通过其内在 的逻辑、意义关系结合在一起。
由于参加"美国大学华盛顿秋季学期见习计划",劳伦斯 大学四年级学生邓拉维正在华盛顿特区,为"第一夫人"日 常信函办公室工作.据她透露,克林顿夫人每周大约收到 5000多封来信.邓拉维与同事每天就要处理100多封请柬, 邀请夫人参加从生日宴会以至婴儿洗礼之类的庆典.
20
语篇意识
The man who, in old age, can see his life in this way, will not suffer from the fear of death, since the things he cares for will continue. And if, with the decay of vitality, weariness increases, the thought of rest will be not unwelcome. I should wish to die while still at work, knowing that others will carry on what I can no longer do (B. Russel:“How to Grow Old”).
显性形态标记清晰 先述主题,后由分题逐级论述
实用文体翻译教程(英汉双向)第七章 旅游文本的翻译
原文: 在四川阿坝藏族自治州的南坪、松潘等县的交界处,有一片 纵深30余公里的风景区,那就是举世闻名的大熊猫的故乡—— 九寨沟自然保护区。
译文: Jiuzhaigou, a 30-odd-kilometre-long scenic gully, lies on the border between Nanping and Songpan counties in the Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is the natural range of the world-known great panda, as well as anature reserve designated by the state.
(1)汉语言辞华美VS英语用词简略
汉语旅游篇章讲究四言八句,言辞华美,文采浓郁, 大量使用对偶平行结构和四字句,以求行文工整、音韵 和谐,追求客观景物与主观情感的和谐交融之美,诗情 画意,意趣盎然,让中国旅游者沉浸于优美词句之中, 激起其文化期待视野。为了加强文章的力度,汉语往往 不惜使用大量的修饰词汇和动词密集句子,其中也不乏 夸张之词,用以烘托感性效果。而英语文本大多风格简 约,表达直观通俗,注重信息的准确性和语言的实用性, 常常用客观的具象罗列来传达景物之美。偏重理性,注 重非修饰性,忌讳同义重复和用词累赘,使游客受众在 朴素平淡之中获得对旅游景点的理性认识,品味景点独 到的旅游文化资源。
原文: 黄山自古云成海,流动在千峰万壑之中,浩瀚天际,壮丽
非凡象万千。变幻莫测的石海与朝霞、落日相映,色彩斑斓,壮 美瑰丽。
译文: The clouds float over the mountain and among its peaks and gullies like a sea in which the peaks from time to time appear and disappear,often in the twinkling of a moment, like isolated small island. The cloud sea is even more splendid at sunrise and sunset.
英译汉
英译汉一、词的翻译二、句子的翻译三、篇章的翻译一、词的翻译He killed the dog.He killed his time everyday at the park.He killed his chances of success.He killed the motion when it came from the committee.He killed the spirit of the group.He killed three bottles of whiskys in a week.他宰了那条狗。
他每天在公园消磨时间。
他断送了成功的机会。
他否决了委员会提出来的提议。
他抹杀了团体精神。
他一星期喝光了三瓶威士忌。
1.1 词类的转换英译汉过程中,有些句子可以逐词翻译,有些句子由于英汉两种语言表达方式不同,不能逐词对译。
原文中的词需要转换词类才能使汉语译文通顺自然。
1.1.1 转换成动词汉语中动词用得比较多,而英语由于语法的限制,不能几个动词性结构连用。
因此,可以把某些具有动作意味的名词,转化成动词,以符合汉语的习惯。
1.1.1.1 名词转换为动词:由动词派生出来的名词转变为动词My admiration for him grew more.我对他越来越钦佩。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
The presence of the Indians here at the time of Columbus’ arrival was sufficient proof of it.在哥伦布到美洲的时候,此地已经有了印第安人,仅凭这个事实,就足以证明这一点。
The most striking thing of the smuggling case was the involvement of the port master.海关关长居然涉嫌走私,真令人吃惊。
厦门大学英语笔译资格证书考试1级样题
厦门大学英语笔译资格证书考试1级试题(样题)(150分钟完成)第一部分:单句翻译1.英译汉请将以下5个句子翻译成汉语。
(1)He received several baskets full of cards, letters and telegrams of congratulation on his birthday.(2)A few of the pictures are worth mentioning both for their technical excellence and interesting content.(3)Their fortress, built on a hill, commanded an extensive prospect of the bright and beautiful lake and its surrounding forests.(4)In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué.(5)China’s presence is felt, more than ever, all over the world, assuming historic dimensions in the world political situation.2.汉译英请将以下5个句子翻译成英语。
(1)这件事你责怪他是找错了对象,他与此事毫无关系。
(2)他们希望这样能为促进世界和平作贡献,为振兴中华作贡献。
(3)她1933年到上海定居,在那里,她的创作进入了一个新的高潮期。
(4)她年轻,她有沛然的生气,所以她不能轻易地让她的希望完全毁灭。
(5)论经验,年青人不如老年人;论创新,老年人则不如年青人。
第三章英译汉的层次-句子的翻译
• I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.
• 他把这件事告诉了约翰,约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。
• We wish to express our satisfaction at this to the Special Committee, whose activities deserve to be encouraged.
• 走到拐弯处,她突然想到了一个新主意,立刻停了下来。
• In our factory, there are many people who are much
interested in the n余ew额invention.
• 在我们工厂里,许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。
• She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her
叛乱
• They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more
them. • 对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他们的人,我们都将严惩
不贷。
9
第九页,编辑于星期五:十七点 五十九分。
• Try to translate:
• He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet.
• 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 • Space and oceans are the new world which
• 他虽然经验不足,但很有进取心和创造力,而这正是在这一领域获得成功的 关键。
英汉翻译之篇章翻译的技巧
(一)衔接(Cohesion)
Def和词
汇手段来实现。前者指照应 (reference),替代(substitution),省 略(ellipsis)和关联(conjunction),后 者指复现(reiteration)和同现 (collocation)。这些语言手段形成一 个有形的完整网络,使篇章的各组 成部分有机地衔接起来,从而增强 整个篇章的内聚力。
英汉翻译技巧与实践之
篇章的翻译
篇章分析
篇章分析是指对篇章的结构规律、风格特点、涉及的人、事、境、 情的认识和分析。相比而言,各篇章的交际功能或目的不同,主题 或内容有异,文体及表现形式有别,因此翻译要求也有所不同。
1、辨别篇章的文体,运用文体分析方法弄清该篇的文体特点,以便再现原作的精神实质和文 体风格。
the gifts were wrapped in red paper.
3)上下义词复现:
如:Birds did not chirp. The leaves did not rustle. The insects did not sing.
4)反义词复现:
如:I hate yon and yon don’t like me.
文化语境(cultural context),即语篇所涉及的文化、社会背景。原文语篇是在原语社 会、文化背景下产生和传播的,而其译文要在译语的社会、文化背景下传播。这就要求译 者要充当跨越两种文化的桥梁作用: 1、设身处地,从原文文化语境的角度理解原文; 2、从译语文化语境着眼,将原文信息重新表述为能为译
• 首先,我要向您致歉:为我方未能按照合同约 定日期发送你方定购的产品致歉,也为您在试 图与我取得联系得过程中所遭遇的重重困难而 致歉。您可能已从新闻中得知,我们经历了一 次重大的劳资纠纷。所有的员工都卷入了这场 纠纷,致使全部生产陷入完全停顿状态。秘书 和行政人员也卷入了纠纷,这就是您难以与我 取得联系的原因。
英译汉翻译作业2(1)
英译汉翻译作业21. 句子翻译1) He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.他把手插入口袋,耸了耸肩。
2) The decrease in his income changed his life style.收入降低改变了他的生活方式。
3) I am ill-fated. My father died when I was four years old. My mother took her solemn vow to remain in widowhood. She was stricken with poverty and had to earn a living all by herself. She nurtured me and educated me until I grew up.(请用文言文翻译)吾不幸,生孩四年,慈父见背,母严誓寡居。
母常为金银所困,然独身抚养,教我至长。
4) A poverty-stricken people would breed wickedness and all kinds of evils. But poverty rises from insufficiency, which in turn comes from the people’s being divorced from farming. Without farming, they would not be settled on the land, and this would cause them to leave their native places and make little of their homes. If people are like fowls and beasts, they are not to be contained even by high walls and severe punishments. When attacked by cold and hunger, one might be lost to all sense of shame. For it is in the human nature that one would feel hungry without eating twice a day and would freeze without renewing his clothes by the end of a year. If hunger is not stayed by food and cold not resisted with clothes, even a kind-hearted mother could not keep her children, how could a monarch keep his people? (请用文言文翻译)贫者生万恶之念。
汉英翻译14
9.1.2 英汉篇章结构对比
英语篇章: 主题----段落 (层层递进;直线 展开) 汉语篇章: 不同层面,同一论点, (螺旋形上升)
英语篇章
Intercultural communication is an interdisciplinary field of study which incorporates research from disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, socio-linguistics, and, of course, communication. One of the most important areas of research addressed by intercultural scholars is how misunderstandings can be minimized when people communicate with others from different cultures.
Low-context communication is like a computer program; everything must be specified in the coded message or the computer program will not run. In a lowcontext culture like the United States, individuals must express themselves as explicitly as possible for effective communication to occur. high-context communication, in contrast, is like communication between twins who were raised together. Twins intuitively understand each other and use shortened sentences and words when they talk.
Translation of discourse汉英篇章翻译
(一)A Comparison Between Chinese Discourse and English Discourse
1.The Similarities
1.1 Cohesion (衔接) It concerns how the actual words we hear or see are mutually connected within a sequence.
1.6 Situationality (语境性/情境性) It concerns the factors which makes a text relevant to a situation of occurrences.
1.7 Inter-textuality (互文性) It concerns the factors which make the utilization of one text dependent upon knowledge of one or more previously encountered texts.
He knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his
mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.
近朱者赤,近墨者黑。 Association with the good can only produce good, with the wicked, evil.
阅读训练人的眼睛,说话训练人的口齿, 写作训练人的思维。
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汉语段落
主题句不明显 段尾可引出新主题
现在的写作已不再是一些专门家的事情,而是越来越 社会化、生活化,这当然很好。“作家”如今更多地 被赋予职业的意义,它标明的仅仅是一个职业而已。 只要是写了一点作品、或者有这个努力和爱好的,都 被他视和自视为“作家”。与其他行当和职业不同, 如从来没有把股长或科长厅长说成是政治家,也没有 把一个在部队干的人叫成军事家。作家在职业的意义 上被如此轻浮地界定,事出有因。所以现在,妓女、 商人、政客、主持人、艺人、杀人犯、道德家,无论 各行各业的人都可以因为自己的理由去写作,并产生 卖点,成为“名作家”。从商品社会里看,这很正常。 美国一个杀人犯,出来后把杀人的过程写出来,畅销 并已致富。原来此刻一切都是为了卖,能卖即是成功。
First, context is very important to
understanding
intercultural
communication. There are two
ways individuals use context in
communication: one is low-context
张炜:精神的背景——消费时代的写作和出版
——2003年8月在烟台出版咨询年会上的发言
9.1.2 英汉篇章结构对比
英语篇章:
汉语篇章:
主题----段落
(层层递进;直线 展开)
不同层面,同一论点, (螺旋形上升)
英语篇章
Intercultural communication is an interdisciplinary field of study which incorporates research from disciplines such as social psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, socio-linguistics, and, of course, communication. One of the most important areas of research addressed by intercultural scholars is how misunderstandings can be minimized when people communicate with others from different cultures.
第九章:英汉篇章的翻译
9.1英汉篇章对比
英语篇章: 开门见山,直奔主题 章法:introduction
bHale Waihona Puke dy汉语篇章: 迂回曲折,委婉含蓄。 章法:起承转合
conclusion
9.1.1 英汉段落结构对比
英语段落:
key sentence
key sentence
by example by space by contrast
译文
不同文化之间的交流是一门跨学科的研究 科目,它综合研究社会心理学、社会学、人文 人类学、社会语言学以及传播学等学科。研究 不同文化之间交流的学问,最重要的研究课题 之一就是不同文化背景的人交往的时候,如何 尽可能减少误解。
首先,了解背景情况对不同文化之间的交 流非常重要。人与人之间的交往有两种情况: 一种是外向的,另一种是含蓄的。
and the other is high-context.
Low-context communication is like a computer program; everything must be specified in the coded message or the computer program will not run. In a lowcontext culture like the United States, individuals must express themselves as explicitly as possible for effective communication to occur. high-context communication, in contrast, is like communication between twins who were raised together. Twins intuitively understand each other and use shortened sentences and words when they talk.
续
外向的就象是计算机的程序,一切都按 照编好的程序进行,否则就运转不了。 美国的文化是外向型的,美国人表达自 己思想的时候尽可能简单明了,以有利 于传播或交流。与此相反的是同含蓄的 人交流,这种交流就象是在一起的孪生 兄弟姐妹之间的交往。因为他们心领神 会,谈话时只需简短的句子和言词。
by cause and effect
例证方式展开
Many examples of a connection between “right” and “straight” can be found. In Mexican Spanish you indicate straight (ahead) by saying “right right”; in Black American English, “right on” is an expression of approval, often for a sentiment eloquently or deftly phrased. “Straight” meaning conventional, “correct” or “proper” is a commonplace in colloquial English today. In Russian, right is “prava”, a cognate of “pravda”, which means “true”. And in many languages “true” has the additional meaning of “straight” or “accurate”, as in “his aim was