国际金融(第四版)刘舒年、温晓芳主编课后答案第1-6章

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国际金融第四版第一章课后答案

第一章外汇与外汇汇率
2.1994年人民币的通货膨胀率高达24%，美元的通货膨胀率只有6%，为什么1995年人民币对美元没有贬值反而升值了1%？
答：通货膨胀率是指物价平均水平的上升速度，货币升值也叫“货币增值”，是指国家增加本国货币含金量，提高本国货币对外国的比价的政策，货币升值是国家货币不稳定的另一种表现，它不意味着提高本国货币在国内的购买力，而只是提高本国货币对外国货币的比价。

所以通货膨胀率和升值无关。

3.你是否搞清了直接标价法和间接标价法下的银行买价和卖价？
答：买入价和卖出价都是从银行角度划分的，银行买入外汇价格较低，卖出外汇的价格较高。

在直接标价法下，较低的价格为买入价，较低的价格为卖出价。

而在间接标价发中，情况则相反，较低的价格为卖出价，较高的价格为买入价。

4.2004年10月29日，中国人民银行上调了金融机构存贷款基准利率，你认为这样调整会如何影响人民币汇率？
答：根据外汇的利率平价理论，一国利率上升有助于本国货币汇率上升。

5.（1）买入价1.6910
（2）卖出价1.6910
（3）买入价1.6900
6.答：1.69403
7.（1）7.8010
（2）7.8000
（3）7.8010
8.（1）0.7685
（2）0.7690
9.（1）买入价1.2940
（2）1.2960
（3）1.2940
10．（1）1.4110
（2）1.4100
（3）1.4100
11.（1）7.8067
（2）C．7.8060。

国际金融课后答案

第六章国际金融风险管理本章重要概念国际金融风险：是指在国际贸易和国际投融资过程中，由于各种事先无法预料的不确定因素带来的影响，使参与主体的实际收益与预期收益发生一定的偏差，从而有蒙受损失和获得额外收益的机会或可能性。

外汇风险：外汇风险又称“汇率风险”，是指经济实体以外币定值和衡量的资产与负债、收入、支出以及未来的经营活动可望产生现金流的本币价值因货币汇率的变化而产生损失的可能性。

（构成要素：本币，外币，时间；可能产生影响：经济风险＞交易风险＞会计风险）交易风险：又称商业性风险，当进出口商以外币计价进行贸易或非贸易的进出口业务时，即面临交易结算风险。

进出口商从签订进出口合同到债权债务的最终清偿，通常要经历一段时间，而这段时间内汇率可能会发生变化，于是，以外币表示的未结算的金额就成为承担风险的受险部分。

因此，交易结算风险是由进出口商承担的，基于进出口合同而在未来通过外汇交易将本币与外币或外币与本币进行兑换，由于未来进行外汇交易时汇率的不确定性所带来的风险。

会计风险：又称折算风险，是指企业在会计处理和外币债权、债务决算时，将必须转换成本币的各种外币计价项目加以折算时所产生的风险。

也就是将外币债权、债务折算成本币时，由于使用的汇率与当初入账时的汇率不同而产生的账面上损益方面的差异。

折算风险的大小涉及到折算方式，历史上西方各国曾先后出现过四种折算方法：流动/非流动折算法、货币/非货币折算法、时态法和现行汇率法。

经济风险：又称经营风险，是指由于意料之外的汇率变动，使企业在将来特定时期的收益发生变化的可能性。

经济风险是由于汇率的变动产生的，而汇率的变动又通过影响企业的生产成本、销售价格，进而引起产销数量的变化，并由此最终带来获利状况的变化。

1. 什么是国际金融风险，国际金融活动中通常会遇到哪些风险？答：所谓国际金融风险，是指在国际贸易和国际投融资过程中，由于各种事先无法预料的不确定因素带来的影响，使参与主体的实际收益与预期收益发生一定的偏差，从而有蒙受损失和获得额外收益的机会或可能性。

(完整)国际金融答案

第一章外汇与汇率一、填空1、外汇是指以（外币）所表示的用于（国际结算）的支付手段。

2、外汇可分为自由外汇与(记账外汇)两类。

3、汇率的表示方法可分为三种,即直接标价法、(间接标价法)与（美元标价法）.4、表示汇率变化性质的概念有（法定升值）与法定贬值。

5、远期汇率有两种基本的报价方法：（直接报价法)与(点数报价法）。

6、外汇远期或外汇期货相对于外汇即期的三种基本关系是（升水）、（贴水）和（平价）。

7、买入汇率与卖出汇率的算术平均值被称为（中间汇率).8、信汇汇率与票汇汇率都是以（电汇汇率）为基础计算出来的.9、套算汇率的计算方法有（交叉相除）与（同边相乘)两种。

10、政府制定官方汇率,一是用于（官方之间的货币互换），二是为(政府干预市场）提供一个标准.11、购买力平价理论有两种形式：(购买力绝对平价)和（购买力相对平价)。

12、绝对购买力平价理论认为,汇率为（两国物价）之比。

13、相对购买力平价理论认为,汇率的变化幅度取决于（两国通胀的差异）。

14、利率平价理论所揭示的是在抵补套利存在的条件下(远期汇率）与（利率)之间的关系。

15、利率平价理论认为,外汇市场上,利率高的货币远期（贴水）,利率低的货币（升水),其升贴水的幅度大约相当于（两国货币的利率差）。

16、汇率的货币决定理论认为，汇率是由货币的（供给）与（需求）的均衡来决定的。

17、资产组合理论认为，外汇价格与利率都是（由各国国内财富持有者的资产平衡条件）决定的。

18、影响汇率变化的主要因素有国际收支、（通货膨胀）、利率水平、（经济增长率）、(财政赤字)与（心理预期）。

19、狭义上的货币危机主要发生在（固定汇率）制下。

20、货币危机按其性质不同，可分为(经济条件恶化所造成的货币危机）与（心理预期所导致的货币危机）.21、货币危机最容易传播到以下三类国家：一是（与货币危机发生国有较密切的贸易关系或出口上存在竞争关系)的国家、二是（与货币危机发生国存在较为相近的经济结构、发展模式及潜在经济问题）的国家、三是过分依赖国外资金流入的国家.二、名词解释1、外汇2、自由外汇3、记帐外汇4、汇率5、直接标价法6、间接标价法7、美元报价法8、基准货币9、报价货币 10、法定升值 11、法定贬值 12、升值13、贬值 14、买入价15、卖出价16、中间价17、基本汇率18、套算汇率 19、名义汇率 20、实际汇率 21、有效汇率22、即期汇率 23、远期汇率 24、直接报价法 25、点数报价法 26、贴水 27、升水 28、电汇汇率 29、信汇汇率30、票汇汇率 31、官方汇率 32、市场汇率33、同业汇率 34、商业汇率 35、一价定律 36、相对购买力平价37、绝对购买力平价 38、货币危机答案:1、以外国货币所表示的用于国际结算的支付手段。

国际金融习题参考答案

国际金融习题参考答案国际金融参考答案第一章某年日本国际收支平衡表(单位:10亿美元)请回答:商品输出 101.11 1.日本该年国际收支差额是顺差,还是逆差?具体金额是多少? 商品输入 --99.36 答：国际收支为逆差，具体金额为-131.3亿美元。

劳务收入 25.142.该平衡表所表示的国际收支情况是否平衡? 劳务支出--34.53 答：该国自主性交易不平衡，因而其国际收支处于不平衡私人单方面转移 --0.25 状态。

政府单方面转移 --0.85 3.该表所列外汇储备变化数为+12.87(10亿)美元,是指该国直接投资 --2.66 外汇储备增加了,还是减少了?--1.25 答：外汇储备减少了，减少数额是131.3-2.6=128.7亿美证券投资元其它长期投资 --8.7其它短期投资 5.84 4.该年的国际收支情况对日元汇率有何影响?答：单从国际收支角度看，该国货币有贬值趋势。

错误和遗漏 2.38对外国官方债务 0.26 第二章1.已知USD、HKD、RMB的基本汇率为:USD1=HKD7.7268 外汇储备变化+12.87 USD1=RMB8.3261 求港元与人民币的汇率?答：港元兑人民币的汇率为：HKD1=8.3261/7.7268= RMB 1.07762.某日电讯行市:GBP1=USD1.5541 USD1=Can1.1976 求英镑对加元的套算汇率为多少?答：因为GBP1=USD1.5541 USD1=Can1.1976所以，英镑兑加元的套算汇率为GPB1= 1.5541×1.1976=Can1.86123.已知在纽约外汇市场上三个月美元利率4%，瑞士法朗利率6%，即期汇率USD1=SF1.5，求三个月期美元远期汇率升(贴)水?答：因为三个月美元利率所以三个月美元远期汇率升水，升水点数=1.5×（6%-4%）×3/12=SF0.00754.已知在纽约外汇市场上美元六个月期利率10%，港元六个月期利率6%，即期汇率USD1= HKD7.7120，求港元六个月远期汇率?[升(贴)水=即期汇率x两国利差x期限]答：因为美元六个月期利率>港元六个月期利率（10%>6%）所以港元六个月远期汇率升水，升水点数=7.7120×（10%-6%）×6/12=HKD0.1542 因为在纽约外汇市场用间接标价法，所以港元六个月远期汇率为：USD1= 7.7120-0.1542=HKD7.55781第三章1、英国三个月期利率为9%,美国为6%,外汇市场汇率USD1=GBP0.6525,若美国投资者用1532567.25美元进行投资,在两地分别获得利息收入多少?假定到期汇率不变,可获净利多少美元?如果到期美元对英镑升值3.5%,汇率变动为USD1=GBP0.6753,将亏损多少美元? 答：美国投资者在美国获得的利息收入为：1532567.25×6%×3/12=22988.51美元在英国获得的利息收入为：1532567.25×0.6525×9%×3/12=22500.00英镑如果到期汇率不变，则可获净利为（1532567.25×0.6525×9%×3/12）/0.6525=33482.76美元如果汇率变动为USD1=GBP0.6753，则将亏损：（1532567.25+22988.51）―[1532567.25×0.6525×(1+9%×3/12)]/0.6753=4141 3.702、某日,在N.Y市场上USD1=FF5.1，在Paris市场上GBP1=FF8.51在London市场上GBP1=USD1.69，问可否套汇?现有1000万美元,如何套? 答：①统一标价N.Y市场和London市场都是间接标价法，所以只需转换Paris市场标价：FF1=GBP0.1175②将三个标价相乘的结果与1比较 5.1×1.69×0.1175=1.0127>1 所以可以套汇套汇途径:用1000万美元在N.Y市场可换得5100万法国法郎,然后在Paris市场可换得599.2949万英镑(5100×0.1175=599.295),最后在London市场可换得1012.7325万美元（599.25×1.69=1012.7325）3、设伦敦市场上的美元即期汇率为:GBP1=USD1.6125/30,美国和英国存款年利率分别为6%和10%,求一年期远期汇率?求美元升(贴)水额?答：因为美国存款年利率升水额=1.6125×（10%―6%）～1.6130×（10%―6%）=USD0.06450/0.06452 因为在伦敦市场是间接标价法，所以美元一年期远期汇率为：GBP=1.6125―0.06450/1.6130―0.06452=USD1.54800/1.54848练习题1、港某商行于1999年9月17日拟向印度出口一批印刷机，原以港元向其报价，每台单价为90000港元，印商要该商行改用美元向其报价。

国际金融课后习题及答案

第一章国际收支一、选择题1. 《国际收支和国际投资头寸手册》(第六版)将国际收支账户分为( )。

A．经常账户B．资本账户C．储备账户D．金融账户2. 国际收支反映的内容是以交易为基础的，其中交易包括( )。

A．交换B．转移C．移居D．其他根据推论而存在的交易3. 经常账户包括( )。

A．商品的输出和输入B．运输费用C．资本的输出和输入D．财产继承款项4．下列项目应记入贷方的是( )。

A．反映进口实际资源的经常项目B．反映出口实际资源的经常项目C．反映资产增加或负债减少的金融项目D．反映资产减少或负债增加的金融项目5．若在国际收支平衡表中，储备资产项目为–100亿美元，表示该国( )。

A．增加了100亿美元的储备B．减少了100亿美元的储备C．人为的账面平衡，不说明问题D．无法判断6．下列( )账户能够较好地衡量国际收支对国际储备造成的压力。

A．货物和服务账户差额B．经常账户差额C．资本和金融账户差额D．综合账户差额7．因经济和产业结构变动滞后所引起的国际收支失衡属于( )。

A．临时性不平衡B．结构性不平衡C．货币性不平衡D．周期性不平衡E．收入性不平衡8．国际收支顺差会引起( )。

A．外汇储备增加B．国内经济萎缩C．国内通货膨胀D．本币汇率下降二、判断题1．国际收支是一个流量的、事后的概念。

( )2．国际货币基金组织采用的是狭义的国际收支概念。

( )3．资产减少、负债增加的项目应记入借方。

( )4．由于一国的国际收支不可能正好收支相抵，因而国际收支平衡表的最终差额绝不恒为零。

( )5．理论上说，国际收支的不平衡指自主性交易的不平衡，但在统计上很难做到。

6．因经济增长率的变化而产生的国际收支不平衡，属于持久性失衡。

( ) 7．资本和金融账户可以无限制地为经常账户提供融资。

( )8．综合账户差额比较综合地反映了自主性国际收支状况，对于全面衡量和分析国际收支状况具有重大意义。

( )三、填空题1．国际收支是一个货币的、流量的、事后的概念，它反映的内容以交易为基础，其范围局限于一国居民与非居民之间的交易。

国际金融(第4版)课后题答案

第1章外汇与汇率知识掌握二、单项选择题1.C2. D3.B4.B5.C三、多项选择题1.ABCD2. ABD3. BCDE4. ADE知识应用一、案例分析题1.2015年“8.11”汇改后人民币贬值速度较快,一时间引起阵阵恐慌,加之内地缺少有效投资工具,导致大量中产阶级欲将资金转移至境外以寻求保护。

由于香港与内地特殊的政治经济关系而使其成为避险资金的首选,这属于正常现象。

但如果对此不加以约束,易造成资金外流的恶果。

2.人民币贬值对经济生活的影响可以从不同方面来解读：从进出口的角度看,人民币贬值有利于扩大出口,增强产品的国际竞争力；从资本流动的角度看,人民币的贬值会给投资者带来不安全感,对人民币的信心缺失,抛售人民币资产或将资产转移至境外,造成资本外流,而资本外流会进一步加大人民币贬值压力,从而形成恶性循环。

资本流动情况将直接影响国际储备情况,我国这两年外汇储备变动状况清楚地说明了这一点。

此外,人民币对外贬值对我国走出去战略也会产生一定影响,对于海外求学的人来说更不是利好。

知识掌握二、单项选择题1．B2．C 3．C 4．A5．B 6．B7．A8．B9．D 10.C 11．B12．A13．B 14. C 15. B 16．B 17．B知识应用一、案例分析题1.1950年以后，随着欧洲经济的苏和日本经济的崛起，美国贸易逆差不断扩大，黄金储备不断减少，导致美国无力维持美元官价兑换黄金，并最终停止以美元兑换黄金。

2．在布雷顿森森体系下实行的是以美元为中心的固定汇率制度。

以美元为中心的国际货币制度崩溃的根本原因，是这个制度本身存在着不可调和的矛盾。

一方面，美元作为国际支付手段与国际储备手段，要求美元币值稳定，才会在国际支付中被其他国家所普遍接受。

而美元币值稳定，不仅要求美国有足够的黄金储备，而且要求美国的国际收支必须保持顺差，从而使黄金不断流入美国而增加其黄金储备。

否则，人们在国际支付中就不愿接受美元。

另一方面，全世界要获得充足的外汇储备，又要求美国的国际收支保持逆差，否则全世界就会面临外汇储备短缺。

国际金融课后习题答案

《国际金融》课后习题答案第一章国际收支本章重要概念国际收支：国际收支是指一国或地区居民与非居民在一定时期全部经济交易的货币价值之和。

它体现的是一国的对外经济交往，是货币的、流量的、事后的概念。

国际收支平衡表：国际收支平衡表是将国际收支根据复式记账原则和特定账户分类原则编制出来的会计报表。

它可分为经常项目、资本和金融项目以及错误和遗漏项目三大类。

丁伯根原则：1962 年，荷兰经济学家丁伯根在其所著的《经济政策：原理与设计》一书中提出：要实现若干个独立的政策目标，至少需要相互独立的若干个有效的政策工具。

这一观点被称为“丁伯根原则”。

米德冲突：英国经济学家米德于1951 年在其名著《国际收支》当中最早提出了固定汇率制度下外均衡冲突问题。

米德指出，如果我们假定失业与通货膨胀是两种独立的情况，那么，单一的支出调整政策（包括财政、货币政策）无法实现部均衡和外部均衡的目标。

分派原则：这一原则由蒙代尔提出，它的含义是：每一目标应当指派给对这一目标有相对最大的影响力，因而在影响政策目标上有相对优势的工具。

自主性交易：亦称事前交易，是指交易当事人自主地为某项动机而进行的交易。

国际收支失衡：国际收支失衡是指自主性交易发生逆差或顺差，需要用补偿性交易来弥补。

它有不同的分类，根据时间标准进行分类，可分为静态失衡和动态失衡；根据国际收支的容，可分为总量失衡和结构失衡；根据国际收支失衡时所采取的经济政策，可分为实际失衡和潜在失衡。

复习思考题1．一国国际收支平衡表的经常账户是赤字的同时，该国的国际收支是否可能盈余，为什么？答：可能，通常人们所讲的国际收支盈余或赤字就是指综合差额的盈余或赤字.这里综合差额的盈余或赤字不仅包括经常账户，还包括资本与金融账户，这里，资本与金融账户和经常账户之间具有融资关系。

但是，随着国际金融一体化的发展，资本和金融账户与经常账户之间的这种融资关系正逐渐发生深刻变化。

一方面，资本和金融账户为经常账户提供融资受到诸多因素的制约。

国际金融刘舒年答案

国际金融刘舒年答案【篇一：国际金融期末考试复习重点】第一节国际收支平衡表1，国际收支：是一国在一定时期内本国居民与非本国居民之间产生的全部国际经济交易价值的系统记录。

第一，国际收支记录的是一国的国际经济交易。

第二，国际收支是以经济交易为统计基础的。

第三，国际收支记录是一个流量。

2，国际收支平衡表第一，对经常项目而言，凡是形成外汇收入的，记录在贷方；凡是形成外汇支出的记在借方。

第二，对资本金融项目，资产的增加和负债的减少，贷方反应资产的减少和负债的增加。

第二节国际收支分析一，国际收支平衡的判断国际经济交易反映到国际收支平衡表上有若干项目，各个项目都有各自的特点和内容。

按其交易的性质可分为自发性交易和调节性交易。

二，国际收支不平衡的类型（一）结构性的不平衡（二）周期性的不平衡（三）收入性的不平衡（四）货币性的不平衡（五）临时性的不平衡三，国际收支不平衡的影响（一）国际收支逆差的影响具体表现在：本国向外大举借债，加重本国对外债务负担；黄金外汇储备大量外流，消弱本国对外金融实力；本币对外贬值，引起进口商品价格和国内物价上涨；资本外逃，影响国内投资建设和金融市场的稳定；压缩必需的进口，影响国内经济建设和消费利益。

（二）国际收支顺差的影响具体表现在：外汇储备大量增加，使该国面临通货膨胀的压力和资产泡沫隐患；本国货币汇率上升，会使出口处于不利的竞争地位，打击本国的就业；本国汇率上升，会使外汇储备资产的实际价值受到外币贬值的损失而减少；本国汇率上升，本币成为硬货币，易受外汇市场抢购的冲击，破坏外汇市场的稳定；加剧国际间摩擦。

第三节国际收支调节一，国际收支调节的一般原则1，按照国际收支不平衡的类型选择调节方式。

2，选择调节方式时应结合国内平衡进行。

3，注意减少国际收支调节措施给国际社会带来的刺激。

二，国际收支的自动调节机制1，物件-现金流动机制2，储备调节机制3，汇率调节机制4，市场调节机制发挥作用的条件①发达、完善的市场经济，充足的价格、收入弹性。

国际金融课后练习答案

第一章国际收支2．怎样理解国际收支的均衡与失衡?答：由于一国的国际收支状况可以从不同的角度分析，因此，国际收支的均衡与失衡也由多种含义。

国际收支平衡的几种观点：一，自主性交易与补偿性交易，它认为国际收支的平衡就是指自主性交易的平衡；二，静态平衡与动态平衡的观点，静态平衡是指在一定时期内国际收支平衡表的收支相抵，差额为零的一种平衡模式。

它注重强调期末时点上的平衡。

动态平衡是指在较长的计划期内经过努力，实现期末国际收支的大体平衡。

这种平衡要求在同际收支平衡的同时，达到政府所期望的经济目标；三，局部均衡与全面均衡的观点，局部均衡观点认为外汇市场的平衡时国际收支平衡的基础，因此，要达到国际收支平衡，首先必须达到市场平衡。

全面均衡是指在整个经济周期内国际收支自主性项目为零的平衡。

国际收支失衡要从几个方面进行理解，首先是国际收支失衡的类型，一，根据时间标准进行分类，可分为静态失衡和动态失衡。

二，根据国际收支的内容，可分为总量失衡和结构失衡。

三，根据国际收支失衡时所采取的经济政策，可分为实际失衡和潜在失衡。

其次，国际收支不平衡的判定标准，一，账面平衡与实际平衡；二，线上项目与线下项目；三，自主性收入与自主性支出。

最后，国际收支不平衡的原因，导致国际收支失衡的原因是多方面的，周期性的失衡，结构性失衡，货币性失衡，收入性失衡，贸易竞争性失衡，过度债务性失衡，其他因素导致的临时性失衡。

6．一国应该如何选择政策措施来调节国际收支的失衡？答：一国的国际收支失衡的调节，首先取决于国际收支失衡的性质，其次取决于国际收支失衡时国内社会和宏观经济结构，再次取决于内部均衡与外部平衡之间的相互关系，由于有内外均衡冲突的存在。

正确的政策搭配成为了国际收支调节的核心。

国际收支失衡的政策调节包括有：货币政策，财政政策，汇率政策，直接管制政策，供给调节政策等，要相机的选择搭配使用各种政策，以最小的经济和社会代价达到国际收支的平衡或均衡。

其次，在国际收支的国际调节中，产生了有名的“丁伯根原则”，“米德冲突”，“分派原则”,他们一起确定了开放经济条件下政策调控的基本思想，即针对内外均衡目标，确定不同政策工具的指派对象，并且尽可能地进行协调以同时实现内外均衡。

国际金融学第四版课后习题答案-第六章

第六章作业1.为什么需要进行汇率预测模型的检验？常用的检验方法有哪些？答：无论是运用基础因素分析法还是市场分析法，由于这些方法自身的局限性，得到的预测结果总会在一定程度上偏离实际值。

偏差越大意味着预测的准确性越差，预测的结果有效性越低。

为了确保预测的准确性，以便为外汇风险管理提供科学依据，我们必须对所采用的汇率预测方法或者预测模型进行检验，选择偏差最小的预测方法，采用预测效果最佳的模型。

常用的检验方法有：基础因素预测法和市场预测法。

2.你如何看待汇率预测出现的误差问题？如何调整预测的系统偏差？答：无论采用何种方法建立的模型都会存在一定的误差。

不同的模型预测误差大小也不相同。

除了运用散点图直观地粗略地判断预测模型外，我们还可以通过计算误差的方法来度量，比较模型的预测误差。

一般情况下，置信度为95%就是可以接受的。

如果要求不那么高，在一些特殊情况下，90%的置信度也是可以接受的。

调整步骤：（1）用预测模型求得一组预测值（2）计算预测值与实际值的相关系数，并进行参数检验（3）计算具体的系数偏差（4）根据预测的系统偏差进行预测值调整。

3.币值变化和货币相关关系给涉外企业会带来哪些交易风险？答：（1）本国货币升值带来的经济风险：①对跨国公司本币流入类业务的影响。

本国货币升值可能导致跨国公司在本国的销售收入减少，以本币标价的出口现金流入量可能减少，以外币标价的出口也可能出现现金流入量减少，②对跨国公司本币流出类业务的影响。

本币升值给跨国公司的现金流出类业务带来的经济风险正好与现金流入类业务相反，会同时导致跨国公司现金流入量和流出量的减少。

（2）本国货币贬值带来的经济风险：①对跨国公司本币流入类业务的影响。

由于本币贬值，从外国进口的商品的本币价格上升，使跨国公司在本国市场的竞争力增强，以本币标价的出口现金流入量增加，以外币标价的出口本币现金流入量增加，②对跨国公司本币流出类业务的影响。

以本币标价的进口现金流出量不会直接受到汇率变动的影响，然而以外币标价的进口成本会增加，外币融资利息支出的本币成本也会增加，总之本币贬值导致现金流入量和流出量同时增加。

国际金融习题以及答案

国际金融习题以及答案《国际金融学》作业题第一章开放经济下的国民收入账户和国际收支账户一、判断题1.国际收支是一国在一定时期内对外债权、债务的余额，因此，它表示一种存量的概念。

（F）2.资本流出是指本国资本流到外国，它表示外国在本国的资产减少、外国对本国的负债增加、本国对外国的负债减少、本国在外国的资产增加。

（T）3.国际收支是流量的概念。

（T）4.对外长期投资的利润汇回，应计入资本和金融账户内。

（F）5．投资收益属于国际收支平衡表中的服务项目。

（F）二、单项选择题1.国际借贷所产生的利息，应列入国际收支平衡表中的（A）账户。

A.经常B.资本C.直接投资D.证券投资2.投资收益在国际收支平衡表中应列入（A）。

A.经常账户B.资本账户C.金融账户D.储备与相关项目3.国际收支平衡表中人为设立的项目是（D）。

A.经常项目B.资本和金融项目C.综合项目D.错误与遗漏项目4.根据国际收支平衡表的记账原则，属于借方项目的是（D）。

A.出口商品B.官方储备的减少C.本国居民收到国外的单方向转移 D.本国居民偿还非居民债务。

5.根据国际收入平衡表的记账原则，属于贷方项目的是（B）。

A.进口劳务B.本国居民获得外国资产C.官方储备增加D.非居民偿还本国居民债务三、多项选择题1.属于我国居民的机构是（ABC）。

A.在我国建立的外商独资企业B.我国的国有企业C.我国驻外使领馆D.IMF等驻华机构2.国际收支平衡表中的经常账户包括（ABCD）子项目。

A.货物B.服务C.收益D.经常转移3.国际收支平衡表中的资本与金融账户包括（AB）子项目。

A.资本账户B.金融账户C.服务D.收益4.下列（AD）交易应记入国际收支平衡表的贷方。

A.出口B.进口C.本国对外国的直接投资D.本国居民收到外国侨民汇款5.下列属于直接投资的是（BCD）。

A.美国一家公司拥有一日本企业8%的股权B.青岛海尔在海外设立子公司C.天津摩托罗拉将在中国进行再投资D.麦当劳在中国开连锁店四、名词解释国内吸收、国际投资头寸、国际收支、经常账户、资本与金融账户五、论述题试根据本章的基本原理，对2022年中国国际收支账户进行简要分析。

国际金融,刘舒年,温晓芳主编相关练习及答案

第一章国际收支与国际储备一、单项选择题（在下列备选答案中选取一个正确答案，并将其序号填在括号内）0．狭义外汇的主体是( d )。

A．汇票B．本票C．支票D．国外银行存款1．严格的说，以下( d )是外汇。

A．有价证券B．外币现钞C．黄金D．国外银行存款2．目前，世界各国普遍使用的国际收支概念是建立在( b )基础上的。

A．收支B．交易C．现金D．贸易3．狭义的国际收支概念是建立在( b )基础上的．A．收入B．现金c贸易D．交易4．在国际收支平衡表中，借方记录的是( b )。

A．资产的增加和负债的增加B．资产的增加和负债的减少C．资产的减少和负债的增加D．资产的减少和负债的减少5．在一国的国际收支平衡表中，最基本、最重要的项目是( a )。

A．经常账户B．资本金融账户C．净差错与遗漏D．储备与相关项目6．经常账户中，最重要的项目是( a )。

A．贸易收支B．服务收支C．收人D．经常转移7．在编制国际收支平衡表，进行进出口商品统计时，均按( c )价计算。

A．CIF B．CFC C．FOB D．FAC8．投资收入属于国际收支平衡表中的( a )。

A．经常账户B．资本金融账户C．净差错与遗漏D．储备与相关项目9．战争赔款属于国际收支平衡表中的( c )。

A．资本账户B．服务收支C．经常转移D．收入10．直接投资者必须拥有外国企业普通股或投票权的( c )以上。

A．5％B．8％C．10％D．12％11．商标的使用费应记人国际收支平衡表的( b )中。

商标的买卖记入( c )中。

国外的银行存款应记入（ d ），利息收入应记入（a ）中。

A．收益收支B．服务收支C．资本账户D．金融账户12．用于再投资的收益应记入国际收支平衡表的( c )中。

A．投资收入B．资本账户C．直接投资D．证券投资13．国际收支的总差额等于( c )。

A．经常账户差额＋资本金融账户差额B．贸易差额＋服务收支差额＋收入项目差额＋资本项目差额C．经常账户差额＋资本金融账户差额＋净差错与遗漏D．经常账户差额＋直接投资净额＋证券投资净额＋净差错与遗漏14．以下( a )具有自发性。

国际金融习题答案(全)

第一章三、名词解释1、国际收支：在一定时期内，一国居民与非居民之间经济交易的系统记录。

2、国际收支平衡表：一国将其一定时期内的全部国际经济交易，根据交易的内容与范围，按照经济分析的需要设置账户或项目编制出来的统计报表。

3、居民是指一个国家的经济领土内具有经济利益的经济单位。

在国际收支统计中判断一项交易是否应当包括在国际收支的范围内，所依据的不是交易双方的国籍，而是依据交易双方是否有一方是该国居民。

4、一国的经济领土：一般包括一个政府所管辖的地理领土，还包括该国天空、水域和邻近水域下的大陆架，以及该国在世界其他地方的飞地。

依照这一标准，一国的大使馆等驻外机构是所在国的非居民，而国际组织是任何国家的非居民。

5、经常账户：是指对实际资源在国际间的流动行为进行记录的账户，它包括以下项目：货物、服务、收入和经常转移。

反映进口实际资源的记人经常项目借方；反映出口实际资源的记人经常项目贷方。

6、经常转移包括各级政府的转移(如政府间经常性的国际合作、对收入和财政支付的经常性税收等)和其他转移(如工人汇款)。

当一个经济体的居民实体向另一个非居民实体无偿提供了实际资源或金融产品时，按照复式记账法原理，需要在另一方进行抵消性记录以达到平衡，也就是需要建立转移账户作为平衡项目。

7、贸易收支：又称有形贸易收支，是国际收支中的一个项目，指由商品输出入所引起的收支。

出口记为贷方，进口记为借方。

IMF规定，在国际收支的统计工作中，进出口商品都以离岸价格(FOB)计算。

若进口商品以到岸价格(CIF)计算时，应把货价中的运费、保险费等贸易的从属费用减除，然后列入劳务收支项目中。

8、服务交易：是经常账户的第二个大项目，它包括运输、旅游以及在国际贸易中的地位越来越重要的其他项目，如通讯、金融、计算机服务、专有权征用和特许以及其他商业服务。

将服务交易同收入交易明确区分开来是《国际收支手册》第五版的重要特征。

9、收入交易：包括居民和非居民之间的两大类交易：①支付给非居民工人(例如季节性的短期工人)的职工报酬；②投资收入项下有关对外金融资产和负债的收入和支出。

国际金融课后答案

CHAPTER 12NA TIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING AND THE BALANCE OF PA YMENTSANSWERS TO TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS1. The reason for including only the value of final goods and services in GNP, as stated in thequestion, is to avoid the problem of double counting. Double counting will not occur if intermediate imports are subtracted and intermediate exported goods are added to GNP accounts. Consider the sale of U.S. steel to Toyota and to General Motors. The steel sold to General Motors should not be included in GNP since the value of that steel is subsumed in the cars produced in the United States. The value of the steel sold to Toyota will not enter the national income accounts in a more finished state since the value of the Toyota goes towards Japanese GNP. The value of the steel should be subtracted from GNP in Japan since U.S. factors of production receive payment for it.2. Equation 2 can be written as CA = (S p - I) + (T - G). Higher U.S. barriers to imports mayhave little or no impact upon private savings, investment, and the budget deficit. If there were no effect on these variables then the current account would not improve with the imposition of tariffs or quotas. It is possible to tell stories in which the effect on the current account goes either way. For example, investment could rise in industries protected by the tariff, worsening the current account. (Indeed, tariffs are sometimes justified by the alleged need to give ailing industries a chance to modernize their plant and equipment.) On the other hand, investment might fall in industries that face a higher cost of imported intermediate goods as a result of the tariff. In general, permanent and temporary tariffs have different effects. The point of the question is that a prediction of the manner in which policies affect the current account requires a general-equilibrium, macroeconomic analysis.3. a. The purchase of the German stock is a debit in the U.S. financial account. There is acorresponding credit in the U.S. financial account when the American pays with a check on his Swiss bank account because his claims on Switzerland fall by the amount of the check.This is a case in which an American trades one foreign asset for another.b. Again, there is a U.S. financial account debit as a result of the purchase of a German stockby an American. The corresponding credit in this case occurs when the German seller deposits the U.S. check in its German bank and that bank lends the money to a German importer (in which case the credit will be in the U.S. current account) or to an individual or corporation that purchases a U.S. asset (in which case the credit will be in the U.S.financial account). Ultimately, there will be some action taken by the bank which results ina credit in the U.S. balance of payments.c. The foreign exchange intervention by the French government involves the sale of a U.S.asset, the dollars it holds in the United States, and thus represents a debit item in the U.S.financial account. The French citizens who buy the dollars may use them to buy American goods, which would be an American current account credit, or an American asset, which would be an American financial account credit.d. Suppose the company issuing the traveler’s check uses a checking account in France tomake payments. When this company pays the French restaurateur for the meal, its payment represents a debit in the U.S. current account. The company issuing the traveler’s checkmust sell assets (deplete its checking account in France) to make this payment. This reduction in the French assets owned by that company represents a credit in the American financial account.e. There is no credit or debit in either the financial or the current account since there has beenno market transaction.f. There is no recording in the U.S. Balance of Payments of this offshore transaction.4. The purchase of the answering machine is a current account debit for New Y ork, and acurrent account credit for New Jersey. When the New Jersey company deposits the money in its New Y ork bank there is a financial account credit for New Y ork and a corresponding debit for New Jersey. If the transaction is in cash then the corresponding debit for New Jersey and credit for New Y ork also show up in their financial accounts. New Jersey acquires dollar bills (an import of assets from New Y ork, and therefore a debit item in its financial account); New Y ork loses the dollars (an export of dollar bills, and thus a financial account credit). Notice that this last adjustment is analogous to what w ould occur under a gold standard (see Chapter 19).5. a. Since non-central bank capital inflows fell short of the current-account deficit by $500million, the balance of payments of Pecunia (official settlements balance) was -$500 million. The country as a whole somehow had to finance its $1 billion current-account deficit, so Pecunia's net foreign assets fell by $1 billion.b. By dipping into its foreign reserves, the central bank of Pecunia financed the portion of thecountry's current-account deficit not covered by private financial inflows. Only if foreign central banks had acquired Pecunian assets could the Pecunian central bank have avoided using $500 million in reserves to complete the financ ing of the current account. Thus, Pecunia's central bank lost $500 million in reserves, which would appear as an official financial inflow (of the same magnitude) in the country's balance of payments accounts.c. If foreign official capital inflows to Pecunia were $600 million, the country had a balanceof payments surplus of $100 million. Put another way, the country needed only $1 billion to cover its current-account deficit, but $1.1 billion flowed into the country. The Pecunian central bank must, therefore, have used the extra $100 million in foreign borrowing to increase its reserves. Purchases of Pecunian assets by foreign central banks enter their countries' balance of payments accounts as outflows, which are debit items. The rationale is that the transactions result in foreign payments to the Pecunians who sell the assets.d. Along with non-central bank transactions, the accounts would show an increase in foreignofficial reserve assets held in Pecunia of $600 million (a financial account credit, or inflow) and an increase Pecunian official reserve assets held abroad of $100 billion (a financial account debit, or outflow). Of course, total net financial inflows of $1 billion just cover the current-account deficit.6. A current account deficit or surplus is a situation which may be unsustainable in the longrun. There are instances in which a deficit may be warranted, for example to borrow today to improve productive capacity in order to have a higher national income tomorrow. But for any period of current account deficit there must be a corresponding period in whichspending falls short of income (i.e. a current account surplus) in order to pay the debts incurred to foreigners. In the absence of unusual investment opportunities, the best path for an economy may be one in which consumption, relative to income, is smoothed out over time.The reserves of foreign currency held by a country's central bank change with nonzero values of its official settlements balance. Central banks use their foreign currency reserves to influence exchange rates. A depletion of foreign reserves may limit the central bank's ability to influence or peg the exchange rate. For some countries (particularly developing countries), central-bank reserves may be important as a way of allowing the economy to maintain consumption or investment when foreign borrowing is difficult. A high level of reserves may also perform a signaling role by convincing potential foreign lenders that the country is credit-worthy. The balance of payments of a reserve-currency center (such as the United States under the Bretton Woods system) raises special issues best postponed until Chapter 18.7. The official settlements balance, also called the balance of payments, shows the net changein international reserves held by U.S. government agencies, such as the Federal Reserve and the Treasury, relative to the change in dollar reserves held by foreign government agencies. This account provides a partial picture of the extent of intervention in the foreign exchange market. For example, suppose the Bundesbank purchases dollars and deposits them in its Eurodollar account in a London bank. Although this transaction is a form of intervention, it would not appear in the official settlements balance of the United States.Instead, when the London bank credits this deposit in its account in the United States, this transaction will appear as a private financial flow.8. A country could have a current account deficit and a balance of payments surplus at thesame time if the financial and capital account surpluses exceeded the current account deficit. Recall that the balance of payments surplus equals the current account surplus plus the financial account surplus plus the capital account surplus. If, for example, there is a current account deficit of $100 million, but there are large capital inflows and the capital account surplus is $102 million, then there will be a $2 million balance of payments surplus.This problem can be used as an introduction to intervention (or lack thereof) in the foreign exchange market, a topic taken up in more detail in Chapter 17. The government of the United States did not intervene in any appreciable manner in the foreign exchange markets in the first half of the 1980s. The “textbook” consequence of this is a balance of payments of zero, while the actual figures showed a slight balance of payments surplus between 1982 and 1985. These years were also marked by large current account deficits.Thus, the financial inflows into the United States between 1982 and 1985 exceeded the current account deficits in those years.CHAPTER 13EXCHANGE RA TES AND THE FOREIGN EXCHANGE MARKET: AN ASSET APPROACH ANSWERS TO TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS1. At an exchange rate of $1.50 per euro, the price of a bratwurst in terms of hot dogs is 3 hotdogs per bratwurst. After a dollar appreciation to $1.25 per euro, the relative price of a bratwurst falls to 2.5 hot dogs per bratwurst.2. The Norwegian krone/Swiss franc cross rate must be 6 Norwegian krone per Swiss franc.3. The dollar rates of return are as follows:a. ($250,000 - $200,000)/$200,000 = 0.25.b. ($216 - $180)/$180 = 0.20.c. There are two parts of this return. One is the loss involved due to the appreciation of thedollar; the dollar appreciation is ($1.38 - $1.50)/$1.50 = -0.08. The other part of the return is the interest paid by the London bank on the deposit, 10 percent. (The size of the deposit is immaterial to the calculation of the rate of return.) In terms of dollars, the realized return on the London deposit is thus 2 percent per year.4. Note here that the ordering of the returns of the three assets is the same whether wecalculate real or nominal returns.a. The real return on the house would be 25% - 10% = 15%. This return could also becalculated by first finding the portion of the $50,000 nominal increase in the house's price due to inflation ($20,000), then finding the portion of the nominal increase due to real appreciation ($30,000), and finally finding the appropriate real rate of return ($30,000/$200,000 = 0.15).b. Again, subtracting the inflation rate from the nominal return we get 20%- 10% = 10%.c. 2% - 10% = -8%.5. The current equilibrium exchange rate must equal its expected future level since, withequality of nominal interest rates, there can be no expected increase or decrease in the dollar/pound exchange rate in equilibrium. If the expected exchange rate remains at $1.52 per pound and the pound interest rate rises to 10 percent, then interest parity is satisfied only if the current exchange rate changes such that there is an expected appreciation of the dollar equal to 5 percent. This will occur when the exchange rate rises to $1.60 per pound(a depreciation of the dollar against the pound).6. If market traders learn that the dollar interest rate will soon fall, they also revise upwardtheir expectation of the dollar's future depreciation in the foreign-exchange market. Given the current exchange rate and interest rates, there is thus a rise in the expected dollar return on euro deposits. The downward-sloping curve in the diagram below shifts to the right and there is an immediate dollar depreciation, as shown in the figure below where a shift in the interest-parity curve from II to I'I' leads to a depreciation of the dollar from E0 to E1.E($/euro i E 0 E 1Figure 13-27. The analysis will be parallel to that in the text. As shown in the accompanying diagrams, amovement down the vertical axis in the new graph, however, is interpreted as a euro appreciation and dollar depreciation rather than the reverse. Also, the horizontal axis now measures the euro interest rate. Figure 13-3 demonstrates that, given the expected future exchange rate, a rise in the euro interest rate from R 0 to R 1 will lead to a euro appreciation from E 0 to E 1.Figure 13-4 shows that, given the euro interest rate of i, the expectation of a stronger euroin the future leads to a leftward shift of the downward-sloping curve from II to I'I' and a euro appreciation (dollar depreciation) from E to E'. A rise in the dollar interest rate causes the same curve to shift rightward, so the euro depreciates against the dollar. This simply reverses the movement in figure 13-4, with a shift from I'I' to II, and a depreciation of the euro from E' to E. All of these results are the same as in the text when using the diagram for the dollar rather than the euro.EE 0rates o f return (in euro s) (euro E 101Figure 13-3Ei E(euro/$)E ’Figure 13-48. a. If the Federal Reserve pushed interest rates down, with an unchanged expected futureexchange rate, the dollar would depreciate (note that the article uses the term "downward pressure" to mean pressure for the dollar to depreciate). In terms of the analysis developed in this chapter, a move by the Federal Reserve to lower interest rates would be reflected in a movement from R to R' in figure 13.5, and a depreciation of the exchange rate from E to E'.If there is a "soft landing", and the Federal Reserve does not lower interest rates, then thisdollar depreciation will not occur. Even if the Federal Reserve does lower interest rates a little, say from R to R", this may be a smaller decrease then what people initially believed would occur. In this case, the expected future value of the exchange rate will be more appreciated than before, causing the interest-parity curve to shift in from II to I'I' (as shown in figure 13.6). The shift in the curve reflects the "optimism sparked by the expectation of a soft landing" and this change in expectations means that, with a fall in interest rates from R to R", the exchange rate depreciates from E to E", rather than from E to E *, which would occur in the absence of a change in expectations.ER ’ EE*Rrates of return (in dollars)Figure 13-5EE Rrates of return (in dollars) E ”E *R ”Figure 13-6b. The "disruptive" effects of a recession make dollar holdings more risky. Risky assets mustoffer some extra compensation such that people willingly hold them as opposed to other, less risky assets. This extra compensation may be in the form of a bigger expected appreciation of the currency in which the asset is held. Given the expected future value of the exchange rate, a bigger expected appreciation is obtained by a more depreciated exchange rate today. Thus, a recession that is disruptive and makes dollar assets more risky will cause a depreciation of the dollar.9. The euro is less risky for you. When the rest of your wealth falls, the euro tends toappreciate, cushioning your losses by giving you a relatively high payoff in terms of dollars. Losses on your euro assets, on the other hand, tend to occur when they are leastpainful, that is, when the rest of your wealth is unexpectedly high. Holding the euro therefore reduces the variability of your total wealth.10. The chapter states that most foreign-exchange transactions between banks (which accountsfor the vast majority of foreign-exchange transactions) involve exchanges of foreign currencies for U.S. dollars, even when the ultimate transaction involves the sale of one nondollar currency for another nondollar currency . This central role of the dollar makes it a vehicle currency in international transactions. The reason the dollar serves as a vehicle currency is that it is the most liquid of currencies since it is easy to find people willing to trade foreign currencies for dollars. The greater liquidity of the dollar as compared to, say , the Mexican peso, means that people are more willing to hold the dollar than the peso, and thus, dollar deposits can offer a lower interest rate, for any expected rate of depreciation against a third currency, than peso deposits for the same rate of depreciation against that third currency. As the world capital market becomes increasingly integrated, the liquidity advantages of holding dollar deposits as opposed to yen deposits will probably diminish. The euro represents an economy as large as the United States, so it is possible that it will assume some of that vehicle role of the dollar, reducing the liquidity advantages to as far as zero. Since the euro has no history as a currency, though, some investors may be leary of holding it until it has established a track record. Thus, the advantage may fade slowly.11. Greater fluctuations in the dollar interest rate lead directly to greater fluctuations in theexchange rate using the model described here. The movements in the interest rate can be investigated by shifting the vertical interest rate curve. As shown in figure 13.7, these movements lead directly to movements in the exchange rate. For example, an increase in the interest rate from i to i' leads to a dollar appreciation from E to E'. A decrease in the interest rate from i to i" leads to a dollar depreciation from E to E". This diagram demonstrates the direct link between interest rate volatility and exchange rate volatility, given that the expected future exchange rate does not change.EE($/foreign currency)rates of return (in dollars)iE ’i"i'E ”Figure 13-712. A tax on interest earnings and capital gains leaves the interest parity condition the same,since all its components are multiplied by one less the tax rate to obtain after-tax returns. If capital gains are untaxed, the expected depreciation term in the interest parity condition must be divided by 1 less the tax rate. The component of the foreign return due to capital gains is now valued more highly than interest payments because it is untaxed.13. The forward premium can be calculated as described in the appendix. In this case, we findthe forward premium on euro to be (1.26 – 1.20)/1.20 = 0.05. The interest-rate difference between one-year dollar deposits and one-year euro deposits will be 5 percent because the interest difference must equal the forward premium on euro against dollars when covered interest parity holds.CHAPTER 14MONEY, INTEREST RA TES, AND EXCHANGE RA TESANSWERS TO TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS1. A reduction in real money demand has the same effects as an increase in the nominalmoney supply. In figure 14.1, the reduction in money demand is depicted as a backward shift in the money demand schedule from L1to L2. The immediate effect of this is a depreciation of the exchange rate from E1to E2, if the reduction in money demand is temporary, or a depreciation to E3 if the reduction is permanent. The larger impact effect ofa permanent reduction in money demand arises because this change also affects the futureexchange rate expected in the foreign exchange market. In the long run, the price level rises to bring the real money supply into line with real money demand, leaving all relative prices, output, and the nominal interest rate the same and depreciating the domestic currency in proportion to the fall in real money demand. The long-run level of real balances is (M/P2), a level where the interest rate in the long-run equals its initial value.The dynamics of adjustment to a permanent reduction in money demand are from the initial point 1 in the diagram, where the exchange rate is E1, immediately to point 2, where the exchange rate is E3and then, as the price level falls over time, to the new long-run position at point 3, with an exchange rate of E4.2. A fall in a country's population would reduce money demand, all else equal, since asmaller population would undertake fewer transactions and thus demand less money. This effect would probably be more pronounced if the fall in the population were due to a fall in the number of households rather than a fall in the average size of a household since a fall in the average size of households implies a population decline due to fewer children who have a relatively small transactions demand for money compared to adults. The effect on the aggregate money demand function depends upon no change in income commensurate with the change in population -- else, the change in income would serve as a proxy for the change in population with no effect on the aggregate money demand function.R(M /P E 1E 4E 2E 3E(M /PFigure 14-13. Equation 14-4 is M s /P = L(R,Y). The velocity of money, V = Y/(M/P). Thus, when there isequilibrium in the money market such that money demand equals money supply, V = Y/L(R,Y). When R increases, L(R,Y) falls and thus velocity rises. When Y increases, L(R,Y) rises by a smaller amount (since the elasticity of aggregate money demand with respect to real output is less than one) and the fraction Y/L(R,Y) rises. Thus, velocity rises with either an increase in the interest rate or an increase in income. Since an increase in interest rates as well as an increase in income cause the exchange rate to appreciate, an increase in velocity is associated with an appreciation of the exchange rate.4. An increase in domestic real GNP increases the demand for money at any nominal interestrate. This is reflected in figure 14-2 as an outward shift in the money demand function from L 1 to L 2. The effect of this is to raise domestic interest rates from R 1 to R 2 and to cause an appreciation of the domestic currency from E 1 to E 2.5. Just as money simplifies economic calculations within a country, use of a vehicle currencyfor international transactions reduces calculation costs. More importantly, the more currencies used in trade, the closer the trade becomes to barter, since someone who receives payment in a currency she does not need must then sell it for a currency she needs. This process is much less costly when there is a ready market in which any nonvehicle currency can be traded against the vehicle currency, which then fulfills the role of a generally accepted medium of exchange.RE(M M E 1E 2Figure 14-26. Currency reforms are often instituted in conjunction with other policies which attempt tobring down the rate of inflation. There may be a psychological effect of introducing a new currency at the moment of an economic policy regime change, an effect that allows governments to begin with a "clean slate" and makes people reconsider their expectations concerning inflation. Experience shows, however, that such psychological effects cannot make a stabilization plan succeed if it is not backed up by concrete policies to reduce monetary growth.7. The interest rate at the beginning and at the end of this experiment are equal. The ratio ofmoney to prices (the level of real balances) must be higher when full employment is restored than in the initial state where there is unemployment: the money-market equilibrium condition can be satisfied only with a higher level of real balances if GNP is higher. Thus, the price level rises, but by less than twice its original level. If the interest rate were initially below its long-run level, the final result will be one with higher GNP and higher interest rates. Here, the final level of real balances may be higher or lower than the initial level, and we cannot unambiguously state whether the price level has more than doubled, less than doubled, or exactly doubled.8. The 1984 - 1985 money supply growth rate was 12.4 percent in the United States(100%*(641.0 - 570.3)/570.3) and 334.8 percent in Brazil (100%*(106.1 - 24.4)/24.4). The inflation rate in the United States during this period was 3.5 percent and in Brazil the inflation rate was 222.6 percent. The change in real money balances in the United States was approximately 12.4% - 3.5% = 8.9%, while the change in real money balances in Brazil was approximately 334.8% - 222.6% = 112.2%. The small change in the U.S. price level relative to the change in its money supply as compared to Brazil may be due togreater short-run price stickiness in the United States; the change in the price level in the United States represents 28 percent of the change in the money supply ((3.5/12.4)*100%) while in Brazil this figure is 66 percent ((222.6/334.8) *100%). There are, however, large differences between the money supply growth and the growth of the price level in both countries, which casts doubt on the hypothesis of money neutrality in the short run for both countries.9. V elocity is defined as real income divided by real balances or, equivalently, nominalincome divided by nominal money balances (V=P*Y/M). V elocity in Brazil in 1985 was 13.4 (1418/106.1) while velocity in the United States was 6.3 (4010/641). These differences in velocity reflected the different costs of holding cruzados compared to holding dollars. These different costs were due to the high inflation rate in Brazil which quickly eroded the value of idle cruzados, while the relatively low inflation rate in the United States had a much less deleterious effect on the value of dollars.RE(M 1E 3E 2E 1(M 2E 4Figure 14-310. If an increase in the money supply raises real output in the short run, then the fall in theinterest rate will be reduced by an outward shift of the money demand curve caused by the temporarily higher transactions demand for money. In figure 14-3, the increase in the money supply line from (M 1/P) to (M 2/P) is coupled with a shift out in the money demand schedule from L 1 to L 2. The interest rate falls from its initial value of R 1 to R 2, rather than to the lower level R 3, because of the increase in output and the resulting outward shift in the money demand schedule. Because the interest rate does not fall as much when output rises, the exchange rate depreciates by less: from its initial value of E 1 to E 2, rather than to E 3, in the diagram. In both cases we see the exchange rate appreciate back some to E4 in the long run. The difference is the overshoot is much smaller if there is a temporaryincrease in Y. Note, the fact that the increase in Y is temporary means that we still move to the same IP curve, as LR prices will still shift the same amount when Y returns to normal and we still have the same size M increase in both cases. A permanent increase in Y would involve a smaller expected price increase and a smaller shift in the IP curve.Undershooting occurs if the new short-run exchange rate is initially below its new long-run level. This happens only if the interest rate rises when the money supply rises – that is if GDP goes up so much that R does not fall, but increases. This is unlikely because the reason we tend to think that an increase in M may boost output is because of the effect of lowering interest rat es, so we generally don’t think that the Y response can be so great as to increase R.CHAPTER 15PRICE LEVELS AND THE EXCHANGE RA TE IN THE LONG RUNANSWERS TO TEXTBOOK PROBLEMS1. Relative PPP predicts that inflation differentials are matched by changes in the exchangerate. Under relative PPP, the franc/ruble exchange rate would fall by 95 percent with inflation rates of 100 percent in Russia and 5 percent in Switzerland.2. A real currency appreciation may result from an increase in the demand for nontradedgoods relative to tradables which would cause an appreciation of the exchange rate since the increase in the demand for nontradables raises their price, raising the domestic price level and causing the currency to appreciate. In this case exporters are indeed hurt, as one can see by adapting the analysis in Chapter 3. Real currency appreciation may occur for different reasons, however, with different implications for exporters' incomes. A shift in foreign demand in favor of domestic exports will both appreciate the domestic currency in real terms and benefit exporters. Similarly, productivity growth in exports is likely to benefit exporters while causing a real currency appreciation. If we consider a ceterus paribus increase in the real exchange rate, this is typically bad for exporters as their exports are now more expensive to foreigners which may reduce foreign export demand. In general, though, we need to know why the real exchange rate changed to interpret the impact of the change.3. a. A tilt of spending towards nontraded products causes the real exchange rate to appreciateas the price of nontraded goods relative to traded goods rises (the real exchange rate can be expressed as the price of tradables to the price of nontradables).b. A shift in foreign demand towards domestic exports causes an excess demand for thedomestic country's goods which causes the relative price of these goods to rise; that is, it causes the real exchange rate of the domestic country to appreciate.4. Relative PPP implies that the pound/dollar exchange rate should be adjusted to offset theinflation difference between the United States and Britain during the war. Thus, a central banker might compare the consumer price indices in the United States and the U.K. before and after the war. If America's price level had risen by 10 percent while that in Britain had。

国际金融(第四版)精编版课后计算题参考答案

《国际金融（第四版）》第一章外汇与外汇汇率5. （1）1.6910（2）1.6910（3）1.69006. 1.64037.（1）7.8010（2）7.8000（3）7.80108.（1）0.7685（2）0.76909.（1）1.2960（2）1.2940（3）1.296010.（1）1.4110（2）1.4100（3）1.410011.（1）7.8067（2）经纪人C ，7.806012. 7. 8900 / 4013. 以英镑买入日元的套汇价是1英镑=134.8336 日元解：（1）英镑和日元的标价方法不同，应当同边相乘，即1英镑＝103.40×1.3040/103.70×1.3050日元＝134.8336/135.3285日元公司需要卖出英镑，买进JPY银行买入1英镑，支付公司134.8336日元★ （公司卖出1英镑，收取银行134.8336日元★）银行卖出1英镑，收取公司135.3285日元（2）银行买入1美元，支付公司103.40JPY②银行卖出1美元，收取公司103.70JPY银行买入1英镑，支付公司 1.3040USD①银行卖出1英镑，收取公司 1.3070USD公司需要卖出英镑，买进JPY。

步骤：①公司卖出英镑，收取银行美元（银行买入英镑，支付公司美元）公司卖出1.0英镑，收取银行1.3040USD①②公司卖出1美元，收取银行103.40JPY②（银行买入1美元，支付公司103.40JPY）公司卖出1.3040美元，收入：1.3040×103.40＝134.8336日元公司卖出1.3040美元，即为公司卖出1英镑所以公司卖出1英镑的卖出价为：134.8336日元14. 以港元买进日元的汇价是1港元=19.662日元解：（1）因为日元和港币同是直接标价法，应当交叉相除，即1美元=7.8010/7.8020港元1美元=153.40/153.50日元（153.40÷7.8020）/（153.50÷7.8010），日元兑港元汇价为：（19.662，19.6769）15. 用加拿大元买进瑞典克朗的汇率是1加拿大元=5.6623瑞典克朗解：（1）因为加元和瑞典克朗的标价法相同，应当交叉相除1加拿大元＝（6.9980÷1.2359）/（6.9986÷1.2329）瑞典克朗1加拿大元＝5.6623/5.6765瑞典克朗公司需要买进瑞典克朗，卖出加拿大元银行买入1加元，支付公司5.6623瑞典克朗（公司卖出1加元，收取银行 5.6623瑞典克朗）汇率为：5.6623（2）银行买入1美元，支付公司 6.9980瑞典克朗银行卖出1美元，收取公司 6.9986瑞典克朗银行买入1美元，支付公司 1.2329加元银行卖出1美元，收取公司 1.2359加元①公司需要买进瑞典克朗，卖出加拿大元步骤：①公司卖出加元，买进USD（银行卖出USD，买进C$）公司卖出1.2359C$, 收取1美元②公司卖出1美元，收取6.9980瑞典克朗（银行买入1美元，支付公司6.9980瑞典克朗）即公司卖出1.2359C$，收取6.9980瑞典克朗1.2359C$=6.9880瑞典克朗1C$＝6.9980÷1.2359瑞典克朗1C$=5.6623瑞典克朗注意：此题也可以用1瑞典克朗表示为多少加元。

国际金融课后习题答案

第二章1.为什么会存在全球外汇市场？答：通常认为，国际贸易是引起外汇市场建立的最主要原因。

由于各国的货币制度存在着差异，因此各国的货币币种不同。

国际贸易中债权债务的清偿需要用一定数量的一种货币去兑换另一种货币，这个问题的解决则需要依靠外汇市场交易。

透过国际贸易需要跨国货币收付这种现象，挖掘外汇市场起源的本质。

可以看出，外汇市场真正的起源在于：（1）主权货币的存在；（2）非主权货币对境外资源的支配权和索取权的存在；（3）金融风险的存在，对于与预期的外币负债有关的汇率风险，外币资产可能会起到直接的防范作用，而且即使没有任何外国购买计划，增加外国资产也有利于降低国际投资组合的风险；（4）投机获利动机的存在，本国居民也许仅仅是认为外币资产被低估，因此他们可能只是为了纯粹的投机目的而要求持有外汇，从而赚取更高额的回报。

2.外汇市场有哪些功能？答：外汇市场作为国际经济联系的纽带，集中地反映了国际经济、国际金融动态和各国汇率变化的趋势，外汇市场为促进国际贸易的发展、国际投资和各种国际经济往来的实现提供r便利条件。

其功能主要表现在以下方面：（1）反映和调节外汇供求。

一国对外经济、贸易的收支以及资本金融项目的变化都最终反映到外汇市场供求状况上，政府、企业、个人通过外汇市场可以解决自己的外汇供求问题。

（2）形成外汇价格体系。

银行接受顾客买卖外汇后，需要在银行间市场进行调节.因而自然产生外汇的供需，加上银行本身自发性的供需，在市场通过竞价过程，便会产生汇率，随后，银行对顾客交易的汇率再根据上述银行间成交汇率加以确定。

（3）实现购买力的国际转移。

结清国际债权债务关系，实现货币购买力的国际转移，是外汇市场最基本的功能。

（4）提供外汇资金融通。

外汇市场是理想的外汇资金集散中心，从而成为世界资本再分配的重要渠道，为银行外汇业务提供平衡头寸的蓄水池作用。

限制的外汇资金大量涌向外汇市场，为外汇需求者提供越来越多的可筹资金，还对促进国际贸易发展，促进投资的国际化起着不可忽视的作用。

国际金融期末复习重点(刘舒年、温晓芳整理版)

国际金融期末复习重点第一章1、外汇的定义动态概念：是指人们将一种货币兑换成另一种货币，以清偿国际间债权债务关系的行为。

在这一意义上，外汇的概念等同于国际结算。

静态概念：广义和狭义。

广义：泛指一切以外国货币表示的资产。

狭义：指以外币表示的，可直接用于国际之间结算的支付手段。

包括：以外币表示的银行汇票、支票、本票、银行存款等，银行存款是狭义外汇概念的主体。

根据外汇的来源或用途，可分为贸易外汇和非贸易外汇。

根据对货币兑换是否施加限制，分为自由外汇和记账外汇。

根据外汇交易的交割期限，可分为即期外汇和远期外汇。

国际收支的概念1.狭义贸易收支→外汇收支2.广义是指一个国家或地区在一定时期内（1年、1季或1个月），各种对外往来所产生的全部国际经济交易的统计。

第一、国际收支是一个流量概念。

第二、以交易基础，即反映的内容是国际间的经济交易。

第三、必须在居民与非居民之间发生国际收支平衡表是把一国的国际收支，即一定时期内一国的经济交易，按照某种适合于经济分析的需要编制出来的报表。

即一个国家在一定时期内（1年、1季或1个月）全部经济交易的统计表。

※国际收支平衡表的记录原则（1）记帐制度—复式记账原理编制原理：有借必有贷，借贷必相等记账规则：引起本国外汇流出的交易→借方（-）引起本国外汇流入的交易→贷方（+）（2）交易的记载时间采用“权责发生制”，即所有权变更原则贷方项目（+）引起本国外汇收入增加从非居民那里获得收入货物和服务的出口金融负债的增加和金融资产的减少。

借方项目（-）引起本国外汇支出增加对非居民进行支付货物和服务的进口金融资产的增加和金融负债的减少。

顺差：差额> 0（贷方余额）外汇的收入>外汇的支出国外资本的流入> 资本的流出外汇的供给>对外汇的需求逆差：差额< 0（借方余额）外汇的收入<外汇的支出国外资本的流入< 资本的流出外汇的供给<对外汇的需求国际收支平衡表的主要项目：1.经常项目 2.资本与金融项目 3.净误差与遗漏4.储备资产一、经常项目A.货物和服务a.货物：通过本国海关的进出口货物，出口记在贷方，进口记在借方。

国际金融课后答案

第一章国际收支本章重要概念国际收支：国际收支是指一国或地域居民与非居民在一按时期内全数经济交易的货币价值之和。

它表现的是一国的对外经济交往，是货币的、流量的、事后的概念。

国际收支平稳表：国际收支平稳表是将国际收支依照复式记账原那么和特定账户分类原那么编制出来的会计报表。

它可分为常常项目、资本和金融项目和错误和遗漏项目三大类。

自主性交易：亦称事前交易，是指交易当事人自主地为某项动机而进行的交易。

国际收支失衡：国际收支失衡是指自主性交易发生逆差或顺差，需要用补偿性交易来弥补。

它有不同的分类，依照时刻标准进行分类，可分为静态失衡和动态失衡；依照国际收支的内容，可分为总量失衡和结构失衡；依照国际收支失衡时所采取的经济政策，可分为实际失衡和潜在失衡。

1．一国国际收支平稳表的常常账户是赤字的同时，该国的国际收支是不是可能盈余，什么缘故？答：可能，通常人们所讲的国际收支盈余或赤字确实是指综合差额的盈余或赤字.那个地址综合差额的盈余或赤字不仅包括常常账户，还包括资本与金融账户，那个地址，资本与金融账户和常常账户之间具有融资关系。

可是，随着国际金融一体化的进展，资本和金融账户与常常账户之间的这种融资关系正慢慢发生深刻转变。

一方面，资本和金融账户为常常账户提供融资受到诸多因素的制约。

另一方面，资本和金融账户已经再也不是被动地由常常账户决定，并为常常账户提供融资效劳了。

而是有了自己独立的运动规律。

因此，在这种情形下，一国国际收支平稳表的常常账户是赤字的同时，该国的国际收支也可能是盈余。

2．如何明白得国际收支的均衡与失衡?答：由于一国的国际收支状况能够从不同的角度分析，因此，国际收支的均衡与失衡也由多种含义。

国际收支平稳的几种观点：一，自主性交易与补偿性交易，它以为国际收支的平稳确实是指自主性交易的平稳；二，静态平稳与动态平稳的观点，静态平稳是指在一按时期内国际收支平稳表的收支相抵，差额为零的一种平稳模式。

它注重强调期末时点上的平稳。

国际金融(第四版)刘舒年、温晓芳主编 课后答案第1-6章

国际金融第四版第一章课后答案

国际金融课后答案

(完整)国际金融答案

国际金融习题参考答案

国际金融课后习题及答案

国际金融(第4版)课后题答案

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国际金融刘舒年答案

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国际金融学第四版课后习题答案-第六章

国际金融习题以及答案

国际金融,刘舒年,温晓芳主编相关练习及答案

国际金融习题答案(全)

国际金融课后答案

国际金融(第四版)精编版课后计算题参考答案

国际金融课后习题答案

国际金融期末复习重点(刘舒年、温晓芳 整理版)

国际金融课后答案

国际金融(第四版)刘舒年、温晓芳主编课后答案第1-6章

国际金融期末复习重点(刘舒年、温晓芳整理版)