阅读教程3蒋静怡unit4 common sense or legal intervention-1
阅读教程第二版-蒋静仪-Uni
Nearly 12 million cosmetic surgeries were performed in 2007, with the five most common being breast augmentation, liposuction, nasal surgery, eyelid surgery and abdominoplasty. The increased use of cosmetic surgery crosses racial and ethnic lines in the U.S., with increases seen among African-Americans and Hispanic Americans as well as Caucasian Americans. In Europe, the second largest market for cosmetic procedures, cosmetic surgery is a $2.2 billion business.
If you look at those around you, you can easily find that people have a wide variety of tastes on physical types.
Language Explanation
01
02
the way that different parts of a piece of music or literature are combined to create a final impression
04
the way food or drink tastes or feels in your mouth, for example, whether it is rough, smooth, light, heavy, etc.
阅读教程3Unit4TheNatureofScientificReasoning练习答案
阅读教程3Unit4TheNatureofScientificReasoning练习答案Unit 4 The Nature of Scientific Reasoning1．Evidence for ArgumentsRead the following evidence and write down the arguments they are supporting: Argument: ________________________ 1)It is absolutely impossible for Copernicus to go out and record the fact that theearth moves around the sun.2)It is impossible for Kepler to work out his laws by taking enough readings andthen squaring and cubing everything in sight.3)The Royal Society will not take the notebooks with recordings of one’s lifelongobservation.Answer: Science is not a large collection of facts.2．Context and Other Clues1)Meaning: clear or deep perception of a situationContext and clue: To be able to see things clearly requires a power of mind, suchas imagination or creation.Word: insight2)Meaning: record by writingContext and clue: Like those writers, scientists do not just record what they see.Word: fix3)Meaning: the earlier stage ofContext and clue: A historian does not know how a scientist starts his discovery.In this sense, the word is usually used in its plural form.Word: beginnings4)Meaning: the outside qualitiesContext and clue: Things appear differently. Only by thinking hard, using metaphors or analogies, can a scientist find the likeness. Appearance refers to natural phenomenon.Word: appearance5)Meaning: rise as if with a jumpContext and clue: He suddenly had a wild imagination.Word: leap6)Meaning: search forContext and clue: Kepler tried to work out his laws by using metaphors.Word: feel for7)Meaning: powerfully, with strong persuasivenessContext and clue: This point has been explained clearly in a fable by Karl Popper.Word: forcefully8)Meaning: narratingContext and clue: The schoolbooks do not tell the whole story.Word: account9)Meaning: occur to one’s mindContext and clue: At the sight of the fall of an apple, Newton realized that the same force of gravity might go on reaching out beyond the earth.Word: strike10)Meaning: matchContext and clue: Newton had already found the likeness, for the two things went together.Word: agree3. Vocabulary studyFill in the blanks with appropriate words.1) A better understanding of these phenomena may completely alter our ________of the nature of the universe.2)However, even solid foods will pass down the tube with the aid of _______.3)To understand galaxy formation we would like to think of ______.4)The _______ of free immigration was magnificent, the reality inevitably less so.Answer: conception, gravity, gravitation, concept4. True or FalseRead the following statements and decide whether they are true or false. Write down T for True and F for False.1)The readers of Balzac and Zola think that the two writers are more honest thanother writers. _____2)Science should be based on experiments, so it is not imaginative. ____3)The purpose of this passage is to reveal to the readers the essentialcharacteristics of scientific thinking. _____4)The English bishops would not like to open Joanna Southcott’s box. ____5)It can be inferred from the passage that a scientist is more imaginative thanpeople of other professions.Answer: FFTTF。
蒋静仪 阅读教程(泛读3)Unit 7 TV and Its Influence 2
Unit 7 TV and Its InfluenceSection Two In-readingREADING ONEWhen Television Ate My Best FriendI was eight years old when I lost my best friend. My very first very best friend. Lucy hardly ever whined, even when we kids played cowboys and she had to be Dale Evans. Nor did she cry, even when we played dodge ball and some big kid threw the ball so hard you could read Spalding backward on her legs. Lucy was world class.Much of our time together was spent in my backyard on the perfect swing set: high, wide, built solid, and grounded for life. But one June day long ago, something went wrong. I was swinging as high as I could, and still higher. The next time the swing started to come back down, I didn’t . I just kept going up. And up.Then I began to fall.―Know what? Know what?‖ Lucy was yelling at me.No, I didn’t know what. All I knew was that my left arm hurt.―Know what? For a minute there, you flew. You seemed to catch the wind and … soar! Right up until you must have do ne something wrong, because you fell.‖Wearing a cast on my broken arm gave me time to work out the scientifics with Lucy. Our Theory was that if you swing just high enough and straight enough, and you jump out of the swing at just the right moment and in just the right position —you just might fly.July was spent waiting for my arm to heal. We ran our hands across the wooden seat, feeling for the odd splinter that could ruin your perfect takeoff. We pulled on the chains, testing for weak links.Finally came the day in August when my cast was off, and Lucy and I were ready. Today we would fly.Early that morning, we began taking turns — one pushing, one pumping. All day we pushed and pumped, higher and higher, ever so close. It was almost dark wh en Lucy’s mother hollered for her to come home right this minute and see what her daddy had brought them.This was strictly against the rules. Nobody had to go home in August until it was altogether dark. Besides, Lucy’s daddy wasn’t a man to be struc k with irresistible impulses like stopping at the horse store and thinking, Golly, my little girl loves ponies! I better get her one!So we kept on swinging, and Lucy pretended not to hear her mother – until she dropped Lucee to Lucille Louise. Halfway through the fourth Lucille Louise, Lucy slowly raised her head as though straining to hear some woman calling from the next county.―Were you calling me, Mother? Okay, okay, I’m coming. Yes, ma’am. Right now.‖Lucy and I walked together to the end of my driveway. Once in her front yard, she slowed to something between a meander and a lollygag, choosing a path that took her straight through the sprinklers. Twice.When at last Lucy sashayed to her front door, she turned back to me and, with a grin, gave me the thumbs-up sign used by pilots everywhere. Awright. So we’d fly tomorrow instead. We’d waited all summer. We could wait one more day. On her way in the house, she slammed the screen door.BANG!In my memory, I’ve listened to that screen door shut behind my best friend a thousand times. It was the last time I played with her.I knocked on the door every day, but her mother always answered saying Lucy was busy andcouldn’t come out to play. I tried calling, but her mother always answered saying Luc y was busy and couldn’t come to the phone. Lucy was busy? Too busy to play? Too busy to fly? She had to be dead. Nothing else made sense. What, short of death, could separate such best friends? We were going to fly. Her thumb had said so. I cried and cried.I might never have known the truth of the matter, if some weeks later I hadn’t overheard my mother say to my father how maybe I would calm down about Lucy if we got a television too.A what? What on earth was a television? The word was new to me, but I was clever enough to figure out that Lucy’s daddy had brought home a television that night. At last I knew what had happened to Lucy. The television ate her.It must have been a terrible thing to see. Now my parents were thinking of getting one. I was scared. They didn’t understand what television could do.―Television eats people,‖ I announced to my parents.―Oh, Linda Jane,‖ they said, laughing. ―Television doesn’t eat people. You’ll love television just like Lucy. She’s inside her house watching it right this minute.‖Indeed, Lucy was totally bewitched by the flickering black and white shapes. Every afternoon following school, she’d sit in her living room and watch whatever there was to watch. Saturday mornings, she’d look at cartoons.Autumn came. Around Thanksgiving, I played an ear of corn in the school pageant. Long division ruined most of December. After a while, I forgot about flying. But I did not forget about Lucy.Christmas arrived, and Santa Claus brought us a television .―See?‖ my paren ts said. ―Television doesn’t eat people.‖ Maybe not. But television changes people. It changed my family forever.We stopped eating dinner at the dining-room table after my mother found out about TV trays. Dinner was served in time for one program and finished in time for another. During the meal we used to talk to one another. Now television talked to us. If you absolutely had to say something you waited until the commercial, which is, I suspect, where I learned to speak in thirty-second bursts.Before television, I would lie in bed at night, listening to my parents in their room saying things I couldn’t comprehend. Their voices alone rocked me to sleep. Now Daddy went to bed right after the weather, and Mama stayed up to see Jack Paar. I went to sleep listening to voices in my memory.Daddy stopped buying Perry Mason books. Perry was on television now, and that was so much easier for him. But it had been Daddy and Perry who’d taught me how fine it can be to read something you like.Mama and Daddy stopped going to movies. Most movies would one day show up on TV, he said.After a while, Daddy and I didn’t play baseball any more. We didn’t go to ball games either, but we watched more baseball than ever. That’s how Daddy perfected The Art of Dozing to Baseb all. He would sit in his big chair, turn on the game, and fall asleep within minutes. At least he appeared to be asleep. His eyes were shut, and he snored. But if you shook him, he’d open his eyes and tell you what the score was, who was up, and what the pitcher ought to throw next.It seemed everybody liked to watch television more than I did. I had no interest in sitting still when I could be climbing trees or riding a bike or practicing my takeoffs just in case one day Lucy woke up and remembered we had a Theory. Maybe the TV hadn’t actually eaten her, but once her parents pointed her in the direction of that box, she never looked back.Lucy had no other interests when she could go home and turn on ―My Friend Flicka.‖ Maybe it was because that was as close as she would get to having her own pony. Maybe if her parents had allowed her a real world to stretch out in, she wouldn’t have been satisfied with a nineteen-inch world.All I know is I never had another first best friend. I never learned to fly ei ther. What’s more, I was right all along: television really does eat people .READING TWOHow Parents Can Lessen the Effects of Television Violence"Mommy, I'm bored.‖"Don't bother me now, Junior; I have a headache. Why don't you go watch TV?"Conversations like this often take place between parent and child because no parent, no matter how conscientious, can spend every minute with his or her child. And let’s face it, television is a way to keep a bored child quiet and occupied. And yes, television can be a good form of entertainment and even a valuable teaming tool.Almost everyone agrees that television can have a great influence on how children view the world and how they act within it. As a result, almost everyone agrees that it is important for parents to supervise what television their children watch. Usually, this means that parents are advised to restrict the amount of violence viewed.Anne Somers, for example, cites the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, which published a report, To Establish Justice, to Insure Domestic Tranquility, in 1969.A portion of the report discloses that many of the experiments done with children show that aggressive behavior is learned by viewing violence on television. The report states that while television is a serious influence on our society’s level of violence, it is not necessarily the main cause. However, it goes on to say that the influence of television on children is stronger now, when the authority of the "traditional institution" of religion, education, and family is questionable. The concern expressed in the report is that since so much of television broadcasting expresses antisocial, aggressive behavior, and since television is such a strong influence on children, children will be learning to behave aggressively.Certainly the literature expressing the dangers of television violence for children is abundant; one can find it published in everything from TV Guide to the most scholarly journals. Yet does it all mean that parents must be sure their children never view violence on the small screen? 1 think not, for there is evidence that not all children who view televised violence become overly aggressive. The child's interpretation of what is viewed is a crucial factor in how he or she will behave afterward. Sociology professor Hope Lunin Klapper believes:The child itself plays an active role in the socialization process. The consequences of television for a child are thus in part a consequence of the child .... It is the child’s perception which defines the stimulus.... The consequences of television involve....two major steps: first, the child’s perception or translation of the content, and second, his or her response or lack of response to that perception.Thus, whether televised violence will adversely affect a child will depend on that child. The conclusion to be drawn from Klapper is that some children will not become violent just because they have viewed violence on television. Klapper says that whether a child behaves aggressively will be, in part, a result of his or her perception of the viewed violence, and this says a lot aboutwhat the parental role should be. Parents could counteract any negative effects that television violence could have on a child's behavior by taking advantage of the opportunity presented to teach the child some of the values that they feel are important. As a child watches a violent program, the parents could explain that the behaviors displayed do not coincide with their values. In this way, a child could be taught that even though such behaviors exist, they are not desirable. After all, violence does exist in the world. If parents constantly shield their children from this fact, then the children will be unable to cope with this reality of life. On the other hand, exposure to violence, through television and parental explanation about what is viewed, can be a healthy education in the reality of violence and how to avoid it.Professor Charles Atkin explains another reason children should not be completely restricted from viewing violence. He suggests that children will choose to watch television shows that correspond to their own tendencies toward aggression. Thus by observing the types of programs their children prefer, parents can gain a better understanding of their personalities. A child who continually elects to watch violence may have aggressive tendencies. Parents need to know whether their children are too aggressive so they can intervene, and one way they can discover this is to observe their children's viewing preferences. If the child is consistently choosing violent shows, the parents can, as Atkin explains, "effectively mediate their children's predispositions" and make their child understand that although violence does exist in reality, there are other aspects of life as well.Thus, parents can help their children's personalities develop in a positive manner by observing how they respond to television violence and by influencing accordingly how they interpret what they see. Parents can use televised violence to assess their children's tendency toward violence, and they can use it to voice their disapproval to show violence is wrong. Of course, this means parents must watch violent shows with their children, even when they have a headache.READING THREEWhy You Watch What You Watch When You WatchIt is about time that you all stop lying to each other and face up to your problems: you love television and you view too much.I used to be the guy in charge of the ratings at NBC, and my waking hours were filled with people either complaining about the inaccurate the ratings were or, without my asking them, volunteering that they never watch TV, because the programs stink, particularly this season.Let’s look at the facts, because only by examining the nature of the disease can we cure it, or at least make peace with it.The truth is that you buy extra sets, color sets, and even pay a monthly charge for cable television to view. Yet when you view an evening's worth of TV you are full of complaints about what you have viewed. But the next night yon’re right back there, hoping against hope for satisfying content, never really learning from experience, another night is shot. Instead of tuning the set off and doing something else, you persist in exercising the medium.The fact is that you view TV regardless of its content. Because of the nature of the limited spectrum(only a few channels in each city) and the economic need of the networks to attract an audience large enough to attain advertising dollars which will cover the cost of the production of the TV program, pay the station carrying the program, and also make a profit, you are viewingprogram which by necessity must appeal to the rich and poor, smart and stupid, tall and short, wild and tame, together. Therefore, you are in the vast majority of cases viewing something that is not to your taste. From the time you bought a set to now, you have viewed thousands of programs which were not to your taste. The result is the hiding of, and lying about, all that viewing. Because of the hiding and lying, you are guilty. The guilt is expressed in the feeling that ―I should have been reading instead of viewing.‖It is of course much more difficult to read than to view. Reading requires a process called decoding, which causes a slowdown in the information taken in by the user. TV viewing is very simple to do—kids do it better than adults because they are unencumbered by guilt—and the amount of information derived from an hour’s viewing is infinitely more than is derived from an hour’s reading.But print has been around for a long time and it has attracted people who have learned to express themselves in this medium , so the printed content, on the whole, is superior to the TV content . Still ,most of us prefer television. Despite the lack of quality content, the visual medium is so compelling that it attracts the vast majority of adults each day to a progression of shows that most of these people would ignore in printed form .The process of viewing works like this:A family has just finished dinner and one member says, ― Let’s see what’s on TV tonight.‖The set gets turned on or the TV Guide gets pulled out. If it’s TV Guide, then the list of programs(most of which are repeats) is so unappealing that each member of the family says to himself that he remembers when TV Guide made an awful error in its program listings back in 1967 and maybe it has happened again.The set is turned on whether a good program is listed or not at that time. Chances are over 100 to 1 that there is nothing on that meets this or any family’s taste for that moment. But the medium meets their taste.The view(s) then slowly turns the channel selector, grumbling at each image he sees on the screen. Perhaps he’ll go around the dial two or three times before settling on one channel whose program is least objectionable.― Well, let’s watch this, ‖ someone in the family says. ―There’s nothing better on.‖ So they watch. No one thinks of jogging a couple of laps around the block or getting out the old Parcheesi board. They watch whatever is least objectionable.The programmers for the networks have argued that this is a ―most satisfying ‖ choice— not LOP(least objectionable program) . But if it were, then why would everybody be complaining and lying about TV viewing? I don’t deny that in some rare time periods, ―least objectionable‖is actually most satisfying, but the bulk of the time people are viewing they don’t particularly consider good, and that is why the medium is so powerful and rich.READING FOURTV AddictionThe word ―addiction‖ is often used loosely and wryly in conversation. People will refer to themselves as ―mystery book addicts‖ or ―cookie addicts.‖ E.B. White writes of his annual surge of interest in gardening: ―We are hook ed and are making an attempt to kick the habit.‖ Yet nobody really believes that reading mysteries or ordering seeds by catalogue is serious enough to becompared with addictions to heroin or alcohol. The word ―addiction‖ is here used jokingly to denote a tendency to overindulge in some pleasurable activity.People often refer to being ―hooked on TV.‖ Does this, too, fall into the lighthearted category of cookie eating and other pleasures that people pursue with unusual intensity, or is there a kind television viewing that falls into the more serious category of destructive addiction?When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking. And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a ―high‖ that normal life does not supply. It is only the inability to function without the addictive substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and an increasing inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three drinks at the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he ―doesn’t feel normal‖ without them.An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it less than complete. Other potential pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily sated, but soon it begins to crave again.Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addicts, for instance, leads a damaged life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing does prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. Similarly an alcoholic’s is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.Let us consider television viewing in the lights of the conditions that define serious addictions.Not unlike drugs or alcohol, the television experiences allow the participant to blot out the real world and enter into a pleasurable and passive mental state. The worries and anxieties of reality are as effectively deferred by becoming absorbed in a television program as by going on a ―trip‖ induced by drugs or alcohol. And just as alcoholics are only inchoately aware of there addiction, feeling that they can control their drinking more than they really do. (― I can cut it out anytime I want—I just like to have three or fou r drinks before dinner‖), people similarly overestimate their control over television watching. Even as they put off other activities to spend hour after hour watching television, they feel they could easily resume living in a different, less passive style. But somehow or other while the television set is present in there homes, the click doesn’t sound. With television pleasure s available, those other experiences seem less attractive, more difficult somehow.A heavy viewer (a college English instructor) ob serves: ―I find television almost irresistible. When the set is on, I cannot ignore it. I can’t turn it off. I feel sapped, will-less, enervated. As I reach out to turn off the set, the strength goes out of my arms. So I sit there for hours and hours.‖The self-confessed television addict often feels he ―ought‖ to do other things—but the fact that he doesn’t read and doesn’t plant his garden or sew or crochet or play games or have conversations means that those activities are no longer as desirable as television viewing. In a way a heavy viewer’s life is as imbalanced by his television ―habit‖ as a drug addict’s or an alcoholic’s. He is living in a holding pattern, as it were, passing up the activities that lead to growth ordevelopment or a sense of accomplishment. This is one reason people talk about their television viewing so ruefully, so apologetically. They are aware that it is an unproductive experience, that almost any other endeavor is more worthwhile by any human measure.Finally it is the adverse effect of television viewing on the lives of so many people that defines it as a serous addiction. The television habit distorts the sense of time. It renders other experiences vague and curiously unreal while taking on a greater reality for itself. It weakens relationships by reducing and sometimes eliminating normal opportunities for talking, for communicating.And yet television does not satisfy, else why would the viewer continue to watch hour after hour, day after day? ―The measure of heath,‖ writes Lawrence Kubie, ―is flexibility… and especially the freedom to cease when sated.‖ But the television viewer can never be sated with his television experiences--- they do not provide the true nourishment that satiation requires--- and thus he finds that he cannot stop watching.。
蒋静仪阅读教程（泛读3）Unit7TVandItsInfluence2
蒋静仪阅读教程（泛读3）Unit7TVandItsInfluence2Unit 7 TV and Its InfluenceSection Two In-readingREADING ONEWhen Television Ate My Best FriendI was eight years old when I lost my best friend. My very first very best friend. Lucy hardly ever whined, even when we kids played cowboys and she had to be Dale Evans. Nor did she cry, even when we played dodge ball and some big kid threw the ball so hard you could read Spalding backward on her legs. Lucy was world class.Much of our time together was spent in my backyard on the perfect swing set: high, wide, built solid, and grounded for life. But one June day long ago, something went wrong. I was swinging as high as I could, and still higher. The next time the swing started to come back down, I didn’t . I just kept going up. And up.Then I began to fall.―Know what? Know what?‖ Lucy was yelling at me.No, I didn’t know what. All I knew was that my left arm hurt.―Know what? For a minute there, you flew. You seemed to catch the wind and … soar! Right up until you must have do ne something wrong, because you fell.‖Wearing a cast on my broken arm gave me time to work out the scientifics with Lucy. Our Theory was that if you swing just high enough and straight enough, and you jump out of the swing at just the right moment and in just the right position —you just might fly.July was spent waiting for my arm to heal. We ran our handsacross the wooden seat, feeling for the odd splinter that could ruin your perfect takeoff. We pulled on the chains, testing for weak links.Finally came the day in August when my cast was off, and Lucy and I were ready. Today we would fly.Early that morning, we began taking turns — one pushing, one pumping. All day we pushed and pumped, higher and higher, ever so close. It was almost dark wh en Lucy’s mother hollered for her to come home right this minute and see what her daddy had brought them.This was strictly against the rules. Nobody had to go home in August until it was altog ether dark. Besides, Lucy’s daddy wasn’t a man to be struc k with irresistible impulses like stopping at the horse store and thinking, Golly, my little girl loves ponies! I better get her one!So we kept on swinging, and Lucy pretended not to hear her mother –until she dropped Lucee to Lucille Louise. Halfway through the fourth Lucille Louise, Lucy slowly raised her head as though straining to hear some woman calling from the next county.―Were you calling me, Mother? Okay, okay, I’m coming. Yes, ma’am. Right now.‖Lucy and I walked together to the end of my driveway. Once in her front yard, she slowed to something between a meander and a lollygag, choosing a path that took her straight through the sprinklers. Twice.When at last Lucy sashayed to her front door, she turned back to me and, with a grin, gave me the thumbs-up sign used by pilots everywhere. Awright. So we’d fly tomorrow instead. We’d waited all summer. We could wait one more day. On herway in the house, she slammed the screen door.BANG!In my memory, I’ve listened to that screen door shut behind my best friend a thousand times. It was the last time I played with her.I knocked on the door every day, but her mother always answered saying Lucy was busy andcouldn’t come out to play. I tried calling, but her mother always answered saying Luc y was busy and couldn’t come to the phone. Lucy was busy? Too busy to play? Too busy to fly? She had to be dead. Nothing else made sense. What, short of death, could separate such best friends? We were going to fly. Her thumb had said so. I cried and cried.I might never have known the truth of the matter, if some weeks later I hadn’t overheard my mother say to my father how maybe I would calm down about Lucy if we got a television too.A what? What on earth was a television? The word was new to me, but I was clever enough to figure out that Lucy’s daddy had brought home a television that night. At last I knew what had happened to Lucy. The television ate her.It must have been a terrible thing to see. Now my parents were thinking of getting one. I was scared. They didn’t understand what television could do.―Television eats people,‖ I announced to my parents.―Oh, Linda Jane,‖ they said, laughing. ―Television doesn’t eat p eople. You’ll love television just like Lucy. She’s inside her house watching it right this minute.‖Indeed, Lucy was totally bewitched by the flickering black and white shapes. Every afternoon following school, she’d sit in her living room and watch whatever there was to watch. Saturdaymornings, she’d look at cartoons.Autumn came. Around Thanksgiving, I played an ear of corn in the school pageant. Long division ruined most of December. After a while, I forgot about flying. But I did not forget about Lucy.Christmas arrived, and Santa Claus brought us a television .―See?‖ my paren ts said. ―Television doesn’t eat people.‖ Maybe not. But television changes people. It changed my family forever.We stopped eating dinner at the dining-room table after my mother found out about TV trays. Dinner was served in time for one program and finished in time for another. During the meal we used to talk to one another. Now television talked to us. If you absolutely had to say something you waited until the commercial, which is, I suspect, where I learned to speak in thirty-second bursts.Before television, I would lie in bed at night, listening to my parents in their room saying things I couldn’t comprehend. Their voices alone rocked me to sleep. Now Daddy went to bed right after the weather, and Mama stayed up to see Jack Paar. I went to sleep listening to voices in my memory.Daddy stopped buying Perry Mason books. Perry was on television now, and that was so much easier for him. But it had been Daddy and Perry who’d taug ht me how fine it can be to read something you like.Mama and Daddy stopped going to movies. Most movies would one day show up on TV, he said.After a while, Daddy and I didn’t play baseball any more. We didn’t go to ball games either, but we watched more baseball than ever. That’s how Daddy perfected The Art of Dozing to Baseb all. He would sit in his big chair, turn on thegame, and fall asleep within minutes. At least he appeared to be asleep. His eyes were shut, and he snored. But if you shook him, he’d open his eyes and tell you what the score was, who was up, and what the pitcher ought to throw next.It seemed everybody liked to watch television more than I did. I had no interest in sitting still when I could be climbing trees or riding a bike or practicing my takeoffs just in case one day Lucy woke up and remembered we had a Theory. Maybe the TV hadn’t actually eaten her, but once her parents pointed her in the direction of that box, she never looked back.Lucy had no other interests when she could go home and turn on ―My Friend Flicka.‖ Maybe it was because that was as close as she would get to having her own pony. Maybe if her parents had allowed her a real world to stretch out in, she wouldn’t have been satisfied with a nineteen-inch world.All I know is I never had another first best friend. I never learned to fly ei ther. What’s more, I was right all along: television really does eat people .READING TWOHow Parents Can Lessen the Effects of Television Violence"Mommy, I'm bored.‖"Don't bother me now, Junior; I have a headache. Why don't you go watch TV?"Conversations like this often take place between parent and child because no parent, no matter how conscientious, can spend every minute with his or her child. And let’s face it, television is a way to keep a bored child quiet and occupied. And yes, television can be a good form of entertainment and even a valuable teaming tool.Almost everyone agrees that television can have a greatinfluence on how children view the world and how they act within it. As a result, almost everyone agrees that it is important for parents to supervise what television their children watch. Usually, this means that parents are advised to restrict the amount of violence viewed.Anne Somers, for example, cites the National Commission on the Causes and Prevention of Violence, which published a report, To Establish Justice, to Insure Domestic Tranquility, in 1969.A portion of the report discloses that many of the experiments done with children show that aggressive behavior is learned by viewing violence on television. The report states that while television is a serious influence on our society’s level of violence, it is not necessarily the main cause. However, it goes on to say that the influence of television on children is stronger now, when the authority of the "traditional institution" of religion, education, and family is questionable. The concern expressed in the report is that since so much of television broadcasting expresses antisocial, aggressive behavior, and since television is such a strong influence on children, children will be learning to behave aggressively.Certainly the literature expressing the dangers of television violence for children is abundant; one can find it published in everything from TV Guide to the most scholarly journals. Yet does it all mean that parents must be sure their children never view violence on the small screen? 1 think not, for there is evidence that not all children who view televised violence become overly aggressive. The child's interpretation of what is viewed is a crucial factor in how he or she will behave afterward. Sociology professor Hope Lunin Klapper believes:The child itself plays an active role in the socialization process.The consequences of television for a child are thus in part a consequence of the child .... It is the child’s perception which defines the stimulus.... The consequences of television involve....two major steps: first, the child’s perception or translation of the content, and second, his or her response or lack of response to that perception.Thus, whether televised violence will adversely affect a child will depend on that child. The conclusion to be drawn from Klapper is that some children will not become violent just because they have viewed violence on television. Klapper says that whether a child behaves aggressively will be, in part, a result of his or her perception of the viewed violence, and this says a lot aboutwhat the parental role should be. Parents could counteract any negative effects that television violence could have on a child's behavior by taking advantage of the opportunity presented to teach the child some of the values that they feel are important. As a child watches a violent program, the parents could explain that the behaviors displayed do not coincide with their values. In this way, a child could be taught that even though such behaviors exist, they are not desirable. After all, violence does exist in the world. If parents constantly shield their children from this fact, then the children will be unable to cope with this reality of life. On the other hand, exposure to violence, through television and parental explanation about what is viewed, can be a healthy education in the reality of violence and how to avoid it.Professor Charles Atkin explains another reason children should not be completely restricted from viewing violence. He suggests that children will choose to watch television shows that correspond to their own tendencies toward aggression. Thus byobserving the types of programs their children prefer, parents can gain a better understanding of their personalities. A child who continually elects to watch violence may have aggressive tendencies. Parents need to know whether their children are too aggressive so they can intervene, and one way they can discover this is to observe their children's viewing preferences. If the child is consistently choosing violent shows, the parents can, as Atkin explains, "effectively mediate their children's predispositions" and make their child understand that although violence does exist in reality, there are other aspects of life as well.Thus, parents can help their children's personalities develop in a positive manner by observing how they respond to television violence and by influencing accordingly how they interpret what they see. Parents can use televised violence to assess their children's tendency toward violence, and they can use it to voice their disapproval to show violence is wrong. Of course, this means parents must watch violent shows with their children, even when they have a headache.READING THREEWhy You Watch What You Watch When You WatchIt is about time that you all stop lying to each other and face up to your problems: you love television and you view too much.I used to be the guy in charge of the ratings at NBC, and my waking hours were filled with people either complaining about the inaccurate the ratings were or, without my asking them, volunteering that they never watch TV, because the programs stink, particularly this season.Let’s look at the facts, because only by examining the nature of the disease can we cure it, or at least make peace with it.The truth is that you buy extra sets, color sets, and even pay a monthly charge for cable television to view. Yet when you view an evening's worth of TV you are full of complaints about what you have viewed. But the next night yon’re right back there, hoping against hope for satisfying content, never really learning from experience, another night is shot. Instead of tuning the set off and doing something else, you persist in exercising the medium.The fact is that you view TV regardless of its content. Because of the nature of the limited spectrum(only a few channels in each city) and the economic need of the networks to attract an audience large enough to attain advertising dollars which will cover the cost of the production of the TV program, pay the station carrying the program, and also make a profit, you are viewingprogram which by necessity must appeal to the rich and poor, smart and stupid, tall and short, wild and tame, together. Therefore, you are in the vast majority of cases viewing something that is not to your taste. From the time you bought a set to now, you have viewed thousands of programs which were not to your taste. The result is the hiding of, and lying about, all that viewing. Because of the hiding and lying, you are guilty. The guilt is expressed in the feeling that ―I should have been reading instead of viewing.‖It is of course much more difficult to read than to view. Reading requires a process called decoding, which causes a slowdown in the information taken in by the user. TV viewing is very simple to do—kids do it better than adults because they are unencumbered by guilt—and the amount of information derived from an hour’s viewing is infinitely more than is derived froman hour’s reading.But print has been around for a long time and it has attracted people who have learned to express themselves in this medium , so the printed content, on the whole, is superior to the TV content . Still ,most of us prefer television. Despite the lack of quality content, the visual medium is so compelling that it attracts the vast majority of adults each day to a progression of shows that most of these people would ignore in printed form .The process of viewing works like this:A family has just finished dinner and one member says, ― Let’s see what’s on TV tonight.‖The set gets turned on or the TV Guide gets pulled out. If it’s TV Guide, then the list of programs(most of which are repeats) is so unappealing that each member of the family says to himself that he remembers when TV Guide made an awful error in its program listings back in 1967 and maybe it has happened again.The set is turned on whether a good program is listed or not at that time. Chances are over 100 to 1 that there is nothing on that meets this or any family’s taste for that moment. But the medium meets their taste.The view(s) then slowly turns the channel selector, grumbling at each image he sees on the screen. Perhaps he’ll go around the dial two or three times before settling on one channel whose program is least objectionable.― Well, let’s watch this, ‖ someone in the family says. ―There’s nothing better on.‖ So they watch. No one thinks of jogging a couple of laps around the block or getting out the old Parcheesi board. They watch whatever is least objectionable.The programmers for the networks have argued that this is a ―most satisfying ‖ choice—not LOP(least objectionableprogram) . But if it were, then why would everybody be complaining and lying about TV viewing? I don’t deny that in some rare time periods, ―least objectionable‖is actually most satisfying, but the bulk of the time people are viewing they don’t particularly consider good, and tha t is why the medium is so powerful and rich.READING FOURTV AddictionThe word ―addiction‖ is often used loosely and wryly in conversation. People will refer to themselves as ―mystery book addicts‖ or ―cookie addicts.‖ E.B. White writes of his annual surge of interest in gardening: ―We are hook ed and are making an attempt to kick the habit.‖ Yet nobody really believes that reading mysteries or ordering seeds by catalogue is serious enough to becompared with addictions to heroin or alcohol. The word ―addiction‖ is here used jokingly to denote a tendency to overindulge in some pleasurable activity.People often refer to being ―hooked on TV.‖ Does this, too, fall into the lighthearted category of cookie eating and other pleasures that people pursue with unusual intensity, or is there a kind television viewing that falls into the more serious category of destructive addiction?When we think about addiction to drugs or alcohol, we frequently focus on negative aspects, ignoring the pleasures that accompany drinking or drug-taking. And yet the essence of any serious addiction is a pursuit of pleasure, a search for a ―high‖ that normal life does not supply. It is only the inability to function without the addictive substance that is dismaying, the dependence of the organism upon a certain experience and anincreasing inability to function normally without it. Thus a person will take two or three drinks at the end of the day not merely for the pleasure drinking provides, but also because he ―doesn’t feel normal‖ without them.An addict does not merely pursue a pleasurable experience and need to experience it in order to function normally. He needs to repeat it again and again. Something about that particular experience makes life without it less than complete. Other potential pleasurable experiences are no longer possible, for under the spell of the addictive experience, his life is peculiarly distorted. The addict craves an experience and yet he is never really satisfied. The organism may be temporarily sated, but soon it begins to crave again.Finally a serious addiction is distinguished from a harmless pursuit of pleasure by its distinctly destructive elements. A heroin addicts, for instance, leads a damaged life: his increasing need for heroin in increasing does prevents him from working, from maintaining relationships, from developing in human ways. Similarly an alcoholic’s is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.Let us consider television viewing in the lights of the conditions that define serious addictions.Not unlike drugs or alcohol, the television experiences allow the participant to blot out the real world and enter into a pleasurable and passive mental state. The worries and anxieties of reality are as effectively deferred by becoming absorbed in a television program as by going on a ―trip‖ induced by drugs or alcohol. And just as alcoholics are only inchoately aware of there addiction, feeling that they can control their drinking more than they really do. (― I can cut it out anytime I wa nt—I just like to havethree or fou r drinks before dinner‖), people similarly overestimate their control over television watching. Even as they put off other activities to spend hour after hour watching television, they feel they could easily resume living in a different, less passive style. But somehow or other while the television set is present in there homes, the click doesn’t sound. With television pleasure s available, those other experiences seem less attractive, more difficult somehow.A heavy view er (a college English instructor) ob serves: ―I find television almost irresistible. When the set is on, I cannot ignore it. I can’t turn it off. I feel sapped, will-less, enervated. As I reach out to turn off the set, the strength goes out of my arms. So I sit there for hours and hours.‖The self-confessed television addict often feels he ―ought‖ to do other things—but the fact that he doesn’t read and doesn’t plant his garden or sew or crochet or play games or have conversations means that those activities are no longer as desirable as television viewing. In a way a heavy viewer’s life is as imbalanced by his television ―habit‖ as a drug addict’s or an alcoholic’s. He is living in a holding pattern, as it were, passing up the activities that lead to growth or development or a sense of accomplishment. This is one reason people talk about their television viewing so ruefully, so apologetically. They are aware that it is an unproductive experience, that almost any other endeavor is more worthwhile by any human measure.Finally it is the adverse effect of television viewing on the lives of so many people that defines it as a serous addiction. The television habit distorts the sense of time. It renders other experiences vague and curiously unreal while taking on a greater reality for itself. It weakens relationships by reducing andsometimes eliminating normal opportunities for talking, for communicating.And yet television does not satisfy, else why would the viewer continue to watch hour after hour, day after day? ―The measure of heath,‖ writes Lawrence Kubie, ―is flexibility… and especially the freedom to cease when sated.‖ But the television viewer can never be sated with his television experiences--- they do not provide the true nourishment that satiation requires--- and thus he finds that he cannot stop watching.。
Unit 4 book 3Common Sense or Legal Intervention
Interpreting the quotations
3. I'm 18. I went to high school in Los Angeles, and attitudes over there are very different about smoking. The people in my high school who… And they did it because it was cool, because it was hipsk because they saw people in magazines smoking ---Brian Smith
Smoking not only dangerous to the smoker’s health, but also contaminate the environment.
About ASH Action on Smoking and Health, founded in 1967, is the nation's first, oldest, and largest antismoking organization, and the only one which regularly takes hard-hitting legal and other actions to fight smoking and to protect the rights of nonsmokers.
Interpretation of the quotations
1. Nowadays smoking is really a frequent scene in movies, which has very bad influence.
阅读教程第二版 蒋静仪 Unit 4
Insomnia
Insomnia is a symptom of any of several sleep disorders, characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity. Insomnia is a symptom, not a standalone diagnosis or a disease. By definition, insomnia is "difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or both" and it may be due to inadequate quality or quantity of sleep. It is typically followed by functional impairment while awake. Both organic and non-organic insomnia without other cause constitute a sleep disorder, primary insomnia. According to the United States Department of Health and Human Services in the year 2007, approximately 64 million Americans regularly suffer from insomnia each year. Insomnia is 1.4 times more common in women than in men.
现代大学英语精读3(第二版)Unit4课后答案
Unit 4Preview2.Do the following exercises.1.Paraphrase the following sentences.1.He had opened his eyes when the sun rose,scratched (because he had an itch on the skin), relieved himself like a dog at the roadside…Notice the euphemism “done his business.”The author could not have used the normal expression”used the toilet”because there was no toilet.2.Live simply and freely.Pay no attention to conventions, which are unnatural and useless. Avoid or get rid of all those unnecessary things that make our life complicated and wasteful…3.They own and control him. He is their slave. In order to get some goods that have no true value and will be useless very soon, he has sold the only true, lasting good, his own independence.4.He knew very well what he lived for:it was to change people’s values, to make them know the true meaning of life…5.He was the most popular/important/successful person at this particular moment or his century…2.Translate the words in bold type.1.我们那调皮的猫把我们的新沙发套都抓破了。
阅读教程蒋静怡Unitanimals_and_their_rights
a. change b. separated c. shriek d. effortful e. unpleasant f. lovely g. spoil h. talented i. first j. common k. same l. conform m. decline n. shocked
原创力文档是网络服务平台方若您的权利被侵害侵权客服qq
Course introduction
1. Texts to study 2. Assessment Quizzes: regular quizzes 15 % + reading tests
15%
3. Charlotte’s Web
Teaching objectives
•Step 2 Reading Activities
• SectBiblioteka on One: warm-up discussion • Watch the following video and think
about the animal image in the cartoon.
• What do you think of the animals in the video? What are their images?
•Step 2 Reading Activities
Reading One
Decide whether each of them is true or false.
__F____ 5. The theme of the nursery rhythm quote in the text is “Killing bad animals.”
strong resistant from non-vegetarian parents.
英语阅读3蒋静怡unit 1-1
英语阅读（三）
Unit 1-1
Course introduction
1. Texts to study 2. Assessment Quizzes: regular quizzes 15 % + reading tests 15%
Holes
英语阅读（三）
Unit 1-1
1998, National Book Award for Young People's Literature 1999, Newbery Medal (纽伯瑞儿 童文学奖）
• Those acquainted with my parents would consider their marriage as an odd one; mom a harpy wife and dad, a henpecked husband.
英语阅读（三）
Unit 1-1
In-reading Activity
英语阅读（三）
Unit 1-1
• Read the two passages and retell them.
英语阅读（三）
Unit 1-1
• Step 4 Homework
英语阅读（三）
Unit 1-1
Post reading exercises
• It would be like comparing two leaves from the same tree. (对比来自同一棵树的 两片不同的树叶) • On the surface, they both appear the same, but it’s the tinny, indefinable differences that make the two unique. (就是那微小却难以言喻的差异令二者如此独特)
英语泛读教程3第三册Unit4课文翻译
寻找可以依靠的坚实臂膀在美国，越来越多的老人独居。
他们生病时处境通常显得很悲惨。
简·格罗斯在下面的文章中指出这些老年人的问题。
每次人们在医生办公室给格雷斯·麦凯比递来一份紧急情况联系人表格时，空格处总令她心中发怵。
对任何有配偶、伴侣或子女的人来说，这是个很简单的问题。
但是，75岁的麦凯比女士一直独居。
谁能和她一起渡过难关?情况最糟糕的时候，谁会关心她?这些曾是假设的问题。
但是现在，麦凯比女士视力越来越差，几乎完全看不见。
她一直有很多朋友，但从没请过谁为她负起责任，比如，接急诊室半夜来的电话，或因为她自己不能写支票而帮助付账单。
她在所有的朋友中，选定了一个心地善良、遇事不慌、有解决问题能力的人。
所以，她多次在空白处写止“夏洛特·弗兰克”，然后打电话说，“夏洛特，又把您写在单子上了，”于是，紧张时刻得到缓解。
麦凯比女士被一个鲁莽的司机撞倒在人行横道上，得了脑震荡，这时，年龄70岁，自己也独居的弗兰克女士在起居室长沙发上守了一夜。
麦凯比女士再也看不清标)隹字体时，弗兰克女士给她弄了一台电脑，把字体设置到最大，这样，她就能读报纸，从商品单定购货物。
“你会发现，有些好朋友成了至交，”麦凯比女士说，“夏洛克既实际又形象地告诉我要，抓住不放，我这样做了。
”无法统计出不同年龄生病或有残疾的独居者的数字，医院安排出院的人和家庭健康照料机构说，他们服务的明显无人照顾的独居者越来越多。
人口调查报告中，单人家庭，包括从未结婚者、离婚者和丧偶者，其数目明显增加。
2003年，近27％的美国家庭由独居者组成，高于1970年的18％，这些家庭注重的是不具有亲属的法律地位或社会地位的友谊。
人口统计学家警告说，生育高峰期出生的人老年化，疾病和残疾成为老年不可避免的必然结果，这将使独居者家庭队伍壮大。
美国医院协会资深副会长詹姆斯·本特利说，独居者属于最棘手的情况。
他说，任何病人或残疾人，在医院里和出院后都“需要有人负责照料他们”，但独居者在特别脆弱的时候，却是自己照料自己。
外教社大学英语精读第三册unit4原文+翻译+课后翻译
Unit4一、课文A sportswriter thinks he's met another crank. Instead, he finds a true winner.一位体育专栏作家以为他碰上了一个怪人。
结果他却发现了一个真正的赢家。
A Fan's NotesBill PlaschkeThe e-mail was in some respects similar to other nasty letters I receive. It took me to task for my comments on the Los Angeles Dodgers and argued that I had got everything wrong. However, the note was different from the others in at least two ways.一位球迷的评论比尔·普拉施基这封电子邮件在某些方面与我收到的其他刻薄的信件相似。
它痛斥我对洛杉矶道奇队的评论，并争辩说我把一切全都搞错了。
然而，这个评论与其他的评论至少有两个方面不同。
This note contained more details than the usual "You're an idiot." It included vital statistics on the team's performance. It was written by someone who knew the Los Angeles Dodgers as well as I thought I did.与通常那些“你是个白痴”的评论不同的是，这一评论含有更多的细节。
它包含了该队比赛表现的关键数据。
写这篇评论的人对洛杉矶道奇队的了解绝不亚于我自认为对它的了解。
And this note was signed. The writer's name was Sarah Morris.而且这一评论是署名的。
阅读教程蒋静仪(泛读3)United3
If you're interested in meeting a person to date or even marry, how would you go about finding that special someone? In the past, you could go to a club and hope to run into someone interesting. or, you could ask your friends to fix you up with a blind date. You could also take out a personal advertisement.In a newspaper or pay a matchmaking serve to find someone suitable.These days, however, you can also sit down in front of your computer. And log on to one of a growing number of online dating services. In 2003, more than 45 million America visited at least one internet matchmaking website, such as match. com, or . These sites are steadily increasing in popularity as single people discover the advantages of finding potential mates in cyberspace.One benefit of online dating sites is the huge number of people to choose from. , the largest of these sites, offers 8 million profiles of individuals who are all looking for love. Yahoo! Personals is the second largest, with 2.9million subscribers. It would take months or years to meet 100 people you find interesting , but on the Internet, you can view 100 profiles in an hour. Then you can decide which ones you want to correspond with and you have many more chances of meeting an individual who is right for you.Online dating sites also allow you to search for people with very specific qualities, interests, or backgrounds and screen out those whodon’t have what you’re looking for. Many sites allow you to search for people with specific income levels, religious beliefs, or hobbies. By reading what other subscribers write about themselves, you can learn right away whether their interests and goals are similar to your own. Therefore, Internet dating services provide a more efficient way to assess potential compatibility.What’s more, a number of “niche” online dating sites are catering to even more specific tastes. If you want to meet people who have earned a minium of a master’s degree, you can go to . , a site where single pet lovers might meet a kindred , a meeting place for Jewish singles established in 1997, already has 350000 members. Psychologists say that such niche sites are particularly practical because they increase the increase the odds of finding the perfect match.Once you locate individuate who might be compatible withyou,Corresponding with them via the Internet is an efficient and effective way to get acquainted.By exchanging photos,messages, and even videos through e-mail, chat rooms, and personal websites, you can get a thorough understanding of potential partners’personalities and preferences. It’s true that cyberdating will not allow for an assessment of personal chemistry between two people; however, if they are encouraged by the information they gain during their correspondence with each other,two individuals can always arrange to meet in person to see if there’s spark. Cyberdating gives two people plenty of opportunities to get to know each other intellectually before entering into relationship.Yet another advantage of online dating services is the reduction of the costs involve in exploring possible new relationships. Some of these costs, of course, are financial. In traditional dating, a couple spends a lot of time and money on food and entertainment. But online dating provides people withe a sitting in which they can converse and become better acquainted without having to spend any money. Cyberdating also reduces the emotional and metal costs of getting to know others face-to-face. Meeting someone through the Internet significantly reduces the awkwardness that often comes with meeting in individual in person. Later, if one partner decides to end a relationship that existed only online, the break is often easier on both parties because they don’t have as much invested as they might have in a traditional dating situation.The best reason, though, to try online fating services is probably the undeniable success found by many other cyberdaters. Word is spreading that participation in these sites does indeed lead to a new romance, for a growing number of Americans, cyberdating is also resulting in marriage. And as more and people prove that online dating services are not just for losers,the embarrassment of advertising for a partner online is rapidly fading.Three are about 85 million single people in the United States alone. Many of them are becoming disillusioned with traditional methods of finding a soul mate. Others--such as busy professionals,single parents, and physically disabled people--just need better ways to connect with others. It appears that the Internet will be able fulfill some of their needs.。
阅读教程3蒋静怡unit 3 internet and lifestyle-1
ta tastes”: master-
degree singles; overweight singles; African American singles; older singles; pet-lover singles.
2) What is the author’s attitude toward the issue?
3) If positive, what are the advantages?
4) If negative, what are the disadvantages?
英语阅读（三）
Unit 3-1
Step Three Reading Activities
million subscribers 2. What is the benefit of the huage
number? Saving time and energy.
英语阅读（三）
Unit 3-1
Step Three Reading Activities
Section Three: Setting Expectations Para Four 1. What are the specific qualities,
reader? Reading is process in which we search
information to satisfy our expectations. Where do the expectations come from? We set expectations while reading.
Mauchly莫奇来 and Eckert爱克特
现代大学英语精读3 unit4 答案
II Vocabulary1. Translate1) into English.(1) to explore the secrets of nature (2) to endure pain and suffering(3) to earn everyone's admiration (4) to suspect a dirty plot(5) to introduce this sheep (6) to surround the enemy(7) to demand an open apology (8) to extend her hand(9) to roam the fields (10) to dangle his feet(11) to catch one's breath (12) to give permission(13) to abandon hope (14) to accumulate experience(15) to form a strong team (16) to possess property(17) to design a new model (18) to collect facts2) into Chinese.(1)一次有收获的经历(2)看起来似乎不同(3)零星的东西(4)古老的城堡(5)铁丝网篱笆(6)石雕的人或动物像(7)人间天堂(8)制成标本的鸟(9)密集的月桂树丛(10)铺着柔软地毯的地板(11)一种珍稀动物(12)潜在的购买者(13)晒干了的树叶(14)样子很熟悉的房子(15)笨拙的动作(16)退休工人(17)面上有玻璃的书架(18)高倍望远镜2. Give synonyms and antonyms of the following.1) Give synonyms.(1) to wander (2) to give up(3) great, large, massive, huge (4) heavenly, sacred(5) heaven (6) to look at(7) to continue (8) dear(9) lasting (10) attractive, admirable(11) silently (12) to watch(13) weak (14) to alarm, to give a start(15) to gather (16) to teach(17) to own (18) to surprise, to astonish(19) sadly thoughtful (20) alert, watchful, cautious2) Give antonyms.(1) minor (2) unhappy, displeased (3) thin (4) hell(5) public (6) introduced (7) invisible (8) unseen(9) harmful (10) colorless (11) center (12) great3. Translate.1) There are still hundreds of millions of people in the world today who earn less than a dollar a day.2) So many people get stomach cancer. I suspect that the water we drink may be seriously polluted.3) We have earned strong support of the government to make smoking illegal in public places.4) He has earned the great admiration of the people as an honest government official.5) Old people in China today are not inclined to live with their children.6) I am inclined to look at things from the bright side.7) The smugglers seem to know all our actions. I suspect that someone among us is passing secret information to them.8) She says that she just doesn't feel inclined to work today.9) We could not identify the body because it was too badly burnt.10) These people roam from place to place without regular jobs and without social identity. More and more people now regard it as unfair.11) I still regard it as important for our young people to care about their national identity.12) With regard to flood control, I am still inclined to think that to plant more trees is more important than anything else.4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.1) B 2) D 3) A 4) A 5) D 6) D 7) B/C 8) C5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate expression below.1) wrench myself away from it 2) care to 3) keeping to herself4) Thanks to, as it were 5) odds and ends 6) went by, at ease7) with a will 8) filled up 9) at ease 10) brim over11) bursting with 12) verges on 13) slipped through14) verges against 15) warned against, as it were6. Choose the right word in the given context.1) (1) crawl (2) climbed (3) crept (4) creep/crawl2) (1) tone (2) tune (3) tune (4) tone3) (1) extend (2) expand (3) extended (4) expand4) (1) doubt (2) suspect (3) doubted (4) suspect5) (1) lonely (2) alone (3) alone, lonely (4) alone7. Translate with special attention to the different meanings of the same word or word which happen to have the same spelling.1)讨厌鬼就是那种你希望他听的时候他却偏要说的人?2)你要是三分钟之内还打不出油，就别再钻了。
阅读教程3蒋静怡unit-3-internet-and-lifestyle-1学习资料
number? 6. Saving time and energy.
英语阅读（三）
Unit 3-1
Step Three Reading Activities
Section Three: Setting Expectations Para Four 1. What are the specific qualities,
Unit 3-1
英语阅读（三）
Unit 3-1
Step One Lead-in
Can you guess what the machine is in the pic?
Mauchly莫奇来 and Eckert爱克特
英语阅读（三）
Step One Lead-in
Unit 3-1
英语阅读（三）
2) What is the author’s attitude toward the issue?
3) If positive, what are the advantages?
4) If negative, what are the disadvantages?
英语阅读（三）
Unit 3-1
Step Three Reading Activities
information to satisfy our expectations. Where do the expectations come from? We set expectations while reading.
Dating Online
英语阅读（三）
Unit 3-1
选必三unit4Reading and Thinking：A Successful Failure
选必三unit4Reading and Thinking：A Successful FailureTeaching Design重庆十一中李晓静Learning objectives:By the end of the class, students are able to :1. Have a good understanding of Shackleton’s experience of exploring Antarctica.2. Infer character traits and emotions based on evidence in the texts.3. Learn about the good qualities needed in face of adversity.Step One BrainstormingPlease answer the questions below:1.What do you know about Antarctica?2.Would you like to explore Antarctica?3.What do you think you will do if you want to explore Antarctica?Step Two Prediction:1.What happened to the ship in the photo?A wooden ship got stuck in ice.2.How would you feel and what would you do if you were on this ship?Worship; wait for help; struggle for rescue.Step Three Pre-reading1.Read this advertisement that was posted by a famous British explorer, Ernest Shackleton . Anddiscuss what kind of men he was looking for and why.Answer : tough，determined，strong-minded, a sense of adventure2.Discussion: Would you like to join an expedition like this? Why or why not?Answer : Yes: 1. to satisfy man's sense of wonder2. to explore the unknown world3. to challenge oneself4. …No: 1. dangerous2. not worthy3. too much uncertainty4. …Step Four Fast-reading:e to know about Ernest Shackleton: Who was Ernest Shackleton? Why did he put suchan advertisement? Read the passage and find why.Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was a famous explorer of his day and it was considered a great honor to be part of his expeditions. He put such an advertisement to hire crew members for his next expedition.2.What is the passage about?It includes some of the diary entries of Perce Blackborow, in which he wrote that he joined an expedition of Antarctica on the ship Endurance with Sir Ernest Shackleton and how they managed to survive after Edurance was stuck in the ice.Step Five Careful ReadingI Choose question words from the box. Write comprehension questions and answer them.Possible questions：1.How did Blackborow come to join the expedition?2.Why did Shackleton want to go to the Antarctica?3.When did they set out for the Antarctic?4.What happened to the Endurance?5.What did the crew members have to do?6.What did Shackleton do to make sure they could survive?II Read the text and complete the chart below:Step Six Post-readingDiscuss the questions with your partner.1.How did Blackborow’s feelings about being on the expedition change as the days passed?2.What personal qualities did Shackleton, Wild, and Blackborow display? Find examples fromthe text to support your answers.Answers :1 .I think Shackleton was strict because he turned Blackborow down as he was too young.3.And he was persevering and tough because he didn’t give up and kept calm when they metdifficulties.Homework1.Retell the reading passage according to the flow chart.2.Write a reply to the advertisement, and say why you would like to join the crew ofShackleton’s ship. Include information about:what things you are good atwhy you want to go the South Polewhy you will be a useful member of the crew。
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英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading
• … and all the brawny cowpokes and tawny(黄褐色)haired sirens cannot blow enough advertising smoke to obscure the fact that one out of every seven deaths in this country is linked to smoking…
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading • Para 5 • 6. What does the author mean by “We simply cannot afford the habit”? • We cannot afford the money, life and time wasted on it.
Unit 4 Common Sense or Legal Intervention
by Helen
英语阅读（三）
Unit 4-1
Teaching steps
Step Step Step Step 1 2 3 4 Lead-in Reading Activities Exercises Homework
Nicotine(尼古 丁） Tar （焦油） Carbon monoxide （ 一氧化碳）
英语阅读（三）
Step One Lead-in
Unit 4-1
When you smoke in the enjoyment of pleasure and relaxation to your time, not knowing of death has been quietly coming to your side.
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section One Title Analysis
• The title is changed from another phrase – • “The buck stops here”, which, literally, means you have to take responsibility for something and will not
Unit 4-1
Байду номын сангаас
• Section Two Detailed Reading
• … and all the brawny cowpokes and tawny(黄褐色)haired sirens cannot blow enough advertising smoke to obscure the fact that one out of every seven deaths in this country is linked to smoking…
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading • Para. 1 • 1. what happened in the narrator's company? • The hard line of forbidding smoking is stiffened.
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading • Para. 1 • The corporation I head took a long breath of clean air last week and went cold turkey. • Last week smoking on the job was banned absolutely in the corporation I manage. We enjoyed clean air again, but at the same time had to suffer from the sudden withdrawal of nicotine.
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading • siren: 迷人的女子；妖妇; 汽笛，警报器
• Siren【希腊神话】塞任(半人 半鸟的女海妖，常用美妙歌声 引诱水手，令船触礁沉没)
英语阅读（三）
try to pass the responsibility on to someone else.
• 责任止于此；责无旁贷 (Buck在这里的意思是“责任”） • What does the author want to • say by revising the set phrase into • the title?
• No matter how attractive and enchanting all the muscular cowboys and blond beauties in cigarette commercials are, they cannot hide the fact that smoking is responsible for every one out of seven deaths in the country.
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading • Look for the background information of Reading Three like: • Basic Distinct • Crocodile Dundee • Chopper • Australian Rules • etc.
英语阅读（三）
Step One Lead-in
Unit 4-1
Do you know May 31st?
英语阅读（三）
Step One Lead-in
Unit 4-1
World No Tobacco Day
英语阅读（三）
Step One Lead-in
Unit 4-1
The main component of cigarettes is :
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• • • •
Section Two Detailed Reading Para. 1 1. what happened in the narrator's company? The hard line of forbidding smoking is stiffened. • 2. Why do they create a smoke-free working environment? • ______saving, _____saving and _____saving. • Life saving, money saving and time saving.
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• • • •
Reading One The Butt Stops Here Section One Title Analysis butt: = stub The end of the cigar when it has been smoked.
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading • 3. How can we save our lives by reducing or forbidding smoking? • It is reported that smoking killed 350,000 Americans. • One out seven deaths in America is linked to smoking. • 4. How can we save our money by reducing or forbidding smoking? • It is reported that 50% of the health care system is utilized by smokers.
英语阅读（三）
Step Two Reading Activities
Unit 4-1
• Section Two Detailed Reading • Para 4 • 5. How do they deal with the “going cold turkey” period for the smokers? • 1) provide smoking cessation classes and counseling. • 2) medical office provides nicorettes.
英语阅读（三）
Step One Lead-in
Unit 4-1
The harm of smoking
A cigarettes = Reduce six minutes of life Smoker versus non-smoker get cancer rate is 10:1
If you smoke 20 cigarettes every day, you get cancer rate will increase 17 times.