IFRS-重要会计用语中英对照
完整版会计术语中英文对照
本钱会计直接人工本钱差异( direct labor variance )直接材料本钱差异( direct material variance )在产品计价(work-in-process costing )联产品本钱计算(joint products costing )生产本钱汇总程序( accumulation process of production cost )制造费用差异( manufacturing expenses variance )实际本钱与估计本钱( actual cost and estimated cost)工资费用分配(salary costs allocation)本钱曲线(cost curve )农业生产本钱( agriculture production cost)原始本钱和重置本钱 ( original cost and replacement cost)工程施工本钱直接本钱与间接本钱(direct cost and indirect cost)可控本钱(controllable cost)制造费用分配 ( manufacturing expenses allocation )理论本钱与应用本钱t theory cost and practice cost )辅助生产本钱分配 ( auxiliary production cost allocation )期间,费用本钱限制程序( procedure of cost control)本钱记录(cost entry, cost recorder cost agenda)本钱计算分批法(job costing method )本钱计算分步法直接人工本钱差异( direct labor variance )本钱限制方法(cost control method )内河运输本钱生产费用要素( elements of production expenses )历史本钱与未来本钱(historical cost and future cost )可预防本钱与不可预防本钱(avoidable cost and unavoidable cost)本钱计算期(cost period)平均本钱与个另1J本钱( avorage cost and individual cost)跨期摊提费用分配 (inter-period expenses allocation)计戈U本钱(planned cost)数量差异(quantity variance )燃料费用分配(fuel expenses allocation)定额本钱限制制度( norm cost control system )定额治理(management norm )可递延本钱与不可递延本钱(deferrable cost and undeferrable cost)本钱限制标准( standard of cost control)副产品本钱计算(by-product costing )责任本钱(responsibility cost)生产损失核算( production loss accounting )生产本钱(production cost)预计本钱(predicted cost)本钱结构(cost structure)房地产开发本钱主要本钱与力□工本钱(prime costs and processing costs) 决策本钱(cost of decision making )本钱计算品种法 ( category costing method)在产品本钱( work-in-process cost)工厂本钱(factory cost)本钱考核(cost assess )制造费用(manufactruing expenses )动力费用分配 ( power expenses allocation)趋势分析法t trend analysis approach)本钱计算简单法( simple costing method )责任本钱层次(levels of responsibility cost )比照分析法 (comparative analysis approach)约当产量比例法(equivalent units method )原始记录 (original record )可比产品本钱分析 (general product cost analysis )本钱计算方法(costing method)本钱计算对象 ( costing objective )本钱计算单位(costing unit)本钱方案完成情况分析本钱计戈U治理体系( planned management system of cost ) 本钱方案(cost plan)本钱会计(cost accounting)本钱核算原贝U ( principle of costing )本钱核算程序( cost accounting qrocedures)本钱核算本钱(costing account )本钱核算(costing)本钱归集(cost accumulation)本钱治理(cost management)本钱分析(cost analysis)本钱分配(ocst allocation )本钱分类账(cost ledger)本钱分类(cost classifiction )本钱费用界限本钱调整(cost adjustment )本钱差异(cost variance )本钱报告(costing report)本钱(cost)车间本钱(workshop cost)厂内经济核算制(internal business accounting system)厂内结算价格(internal settlement prices)产品寿命周期本钱(product life cycle cost )产品本钱工程( cost items of product)产品本钱技术经济分析产品本钱计戈U ( the plan of product costs)产品本钱(product cost)初级会计汇总原始凭证 (cumulative source document)7匚总W己账凭证核算形式( bookkeeping procedure using summary ovchers)工作底稿(working paper)复式记账凭证( mvltiple account titles voucher )复式记账法(Double entry bookkeeping )复合分录(compound entry)戈U线更正法(correction by drawing a straight ling )汇总原始凭证 ( cumulative source document)会计凭证(accounting documents )会计科目表(chart of accounts)会计科目(account title)红字更正法(correction by using red ink )会计核算形式(bookkeeping procedures )过账(posting)会计分录(accounting entry)会计循环(accounting cycle )会计账簿(Book of accounts)活页式账簿(loose-leaf book)集合分配账户(clearing accounts)计价比照账户(matching accounts)记账方法(bookkeeping methods)t己账规贝U ( recording rules)记账凭证(voucher)记账凭证核算形式( Bookkeeping proced ureusing vouchers )t己账凭证?匚总、表核算形式( bookkeeping procedure using categorized account summary ) 简单分录(simple entry)结算账户(settlement accounts)结账(closing account)结账分录(closing entry )借贷t己账法(debit-credit bookkeeping )通用日记账核算形式( bookkeeping procedure using general journal )夕卜来原始凭证 ( source document from outside )现金日记账(cash journal )虚账户(nominal accounts)序时账簿(book of chronological entry )一次凭证(single-record document)银行存款日记账(deposit journal)永续盘存制(perpetual inventory system )原始凭证(source document)暂记账户(suspense accounts增减记账法(increase-decrease bookkeeping)债权结算账户 ( accounts for settlement of claim )债权债务结算账户 ( accounts for settlement of claim and debt ) 债务结算账户 ( accounts for settlement of debt)账户(account)账户编号(Account number)账户对应关系(debit-credit relationship )账项调整(adjustment of account)专用记账凭证(special-purpose voucher)转回分录(reversing entry)资金来源账户( accounts of sources of funds)资产负债账户( balance sheet accounts转账凭证t transfer voucher )资金运用账户( accounts of applications of funds )自制原始凭证 (internal source document)总分类账簿(general ledger)总分类账户(general account)附力口账户(adjunct accounts )付款凭证(payment voucher)分类账簿(ledger)中级会计fixed assets利润总额利益分配(profit distribution )应计费用(accrued expense)商标权t trademarks and tradenames)全部履行法净禾i］润(net income)应付利润(profit payable )未分配利润收益债券(income bonds )货币资金禾U息资本化 (capitalization of interests )公益金工程物资预付账款(advance to supplier)其他应收款(other receivables)现金(cash)预收账款公司债券发行( corporate bond floatation )应付工资(wages payable)实收资本(paid-in capital )盈余公积(surplus reserves)治理费用土地使用权股禾(dividend )应交税金(taxes payable)流动资金负商誉(negative goodwill )费用确实认 (recognition of expense)短期投资(temporary investment)专项资产【旧】专有技术(know-how )专营权(franchises)资本公积(capital reserves)资产负债表法资金占用和资金来源［旧］自然资源(natural resources)存货(inventory )车间经费【旧】偿债基金(sinking fund )长期应付款(long-term payables)长期投资(long-term investments )长期借款(long-term loans )长期负债(long-term liability of long-term debt ) 财务费用(financing expenses ) 拨定留存收益( appropriated retained earnings )标准本钱法(standard costing )变动本钱法(variable costing )比例履行法包装物版权(copyrights)高级会计期货交易市场( market of futures transaction )期货交易(futures transaction)举债经营融资租赁(leveraged lease)金融工具(financial instruments )企业集团(business qroup)年度报告(annual report)内音B往来(transactions between home office and branches)合伙企业(partnership enterprise)合并资产负债表(consolidated balance sheet)合并主体的所彳#税会计 (accounting for income taxes of consolidated entities )(美)合并现金流量表( consolidated statement of cash flow )合并价差 (cost-book value differentials )合并会计报表 ( consolidated financial statements)购置法(purchase methed)企业整体价值(the value of an enterprise as a whole )权益结合法(pooling of interest method )期内所得税分摊(intraperiod tax allocation )(美)期末存货的未实现损益 (unrealized profit in ending inventory )公司间的长期资产业务(intercompany transactions in long-term assets)名义货币保全 ( maintaining capital in units of money )基金论t the fund theory)功能性货币(functional currency )(美)汇兑损益(exchange gains or losses)合并财务状况变动表(consolidated statement of changes in financial poition )合并财务状况变动表 (consolidated statement of changes in financial poition )换算损益t translation gains or losses )举债经营收购(Leveraged buyouts,简称LBC )(美)母公司持股比例变动 (change in ownership percentage held by parent)交互分配法 (reciprocal allocation approach )(美)货币项(monetary items)合伙清算(partnership liquidation全面分摊法(comprehensive allocation )固定资产投资方向调节税合并费用(expenses related to combinations )间接标价法(indirect quotation )买入汇率(buying rate)期货合约(futrues contract)混合合并(conglomeration )控投公司(holding company )股票指数期货(stock index futrues )横向销售(crosswise sale)固定汇率(fixed rate)纳税影响法(tax effect method )t己账?匚率(recording rate)横向合并(horizontal integration )合并前股禾 1 ( preacquisition dividends )可变现净值(net realizable )企业合并会计( accounting for business combination )平仓盈亏(offset gain and loss )卖出汇率(selling rate)金融期货交易 (financial futures transaction )会计禾U润(accounting income)合并损益表(consolidated income statement)公允价值(fair value )期权(options)间接控股(indirect holding )两笔交易观t two-transaction opinion )破产清算(bankrupcy liquidation )企业合并(business combination)企业论(the enterprise theory)商品寄销(consignment )个人所得税(personal income tax)个人财务报表 ( personal financial state-ments)(美)改组计戈U ( reorganization plan)(美)改组(reorganization)复杂权益法(complex equity method )附属公司(associated company)负权人偿金(dividend )浮动汇率(floating rate )分支机构会计 ( accounting for branch )推定赎回损益( constructive gains and losses on bonds)推定赎回(constructive retirement)投机(spculation)贝占水(discount )特定物价指数 ( specific price index )分支机构(branch )分期收款销货(installment sales)分次清算(installment liquidation )分部报告(segmental reporting )房地产收入(real estate revenue房地产本钱(cost of real setate)房地产(real estate)多种汇率法(multiply exchange rate )对境夕卜实体白净投资(net investment in foreign entities ) 订量单位：(units of measurement)递延法(deffered method)当代理论(contemporary theory )单一汇率法(singal method)退休金(pension plan)退休金会计(accounting for pension plan )(美)退休金给付义务( pension benefit obligations )(美)夕卜币 (foreign currency )夕卜币业务(foreign currency transaction )吸收合并(merger)物价变动会计( accounting for price changes)无偿债水平(insokency)完全合并(full consolidation )物价指数(price index)物价变动(price changes)完全应计法(full accrual method )物价总指数(general price index)夕卜汇期货交易 (foreign exchange frtrues transaction )下推会计(push-down accounting )(美)先折算后调整法(translation-remeasurement method)现行本钱 /稳值货币会计 ( current cost/general purchasing power accountin ) 现行本钱(crurent cost)现行本钱会计( current cost accounting )先调整后折算法(remeasurement-translation method)销售代理处(sales agency)相互持股( mutual holdings )相对账户调节 (reconciliation of home office and branch accounts )新合伙人入伙( admission of a new parther )向上销售(upstream sale)彳行生金融工具(derivative financial instru-ments )销售式融资租赁(sales-type financing lease )向下销售(downstream sale)消费税(consumer tax )一笔交易观(one-transaction opinion )业主权论t the proprietorship theory )一般物价水准会计( general price level accounting )——般购置力单位 ( units of general purchasing power)招股说明书(prospectus)中间汇率(middle rate)中期报告(interim reporting )重置本钱(replacement cost)转租赁(sublease^准改组(quasi-reorbganization)(美)资本保全(capital maintenance)资本化价值(capitalized value)资本因素(capital factor)资产负债法(asset/libility method )存货转让价格(inventory transfer price )创立合并(consolidation )出租人会计(accounting for leases-lessor)持有(产)损益( holding gains losses )持仓盈亏(opsition gain and loss)承租人会计(accounting for leases-leasee)本钱回收法(cost recovery method )纵向合并(Vertical integration )综合变动(general change)子公司权益变动( change in ownership of a subsidiary ) 子公司(subsidiary company )资源税(resources tax)本钱法(cost method)财产信托会计f fiduciary accounting )(美)财产税(property tax)局局部摊法(partial allocation )不合并子公司(unconsolidated subsidiaries)最低退休金负债(minimum liability )(美)租赁(leases租金(rents)企业会计企业财务(business finance)期权市场(option market)期货市场(future market)可转让定期存单市场(negotiable CDmarket)货币市场(money market)黄金市场(gold market)国有独资公司股份 ( company limited by shares )股份两合公司(limited pactnership )公司(company)二级市场(security secondary market)独资企业(sole proprietorship )店头市场(over-the -counter-market)承兑市场(acceptance market)拆借市场(lending market)财务制度(financial regulations )财务政策(financial policy )财务预测(financial forecast)财务限制(financial control )金融市场(financial market)财务决策(financial decision )财务监督(financial cupervision )财务计戈U ( financial planning )财务活动(financial activities )财务治理组织( organization of financial management )一级市场(security primary market )无限责任公司 ( company of unlimited liability )夕卜汇市场(foreign exchange market)贝占现市场(dixcount market)企业组织形式(forms of enterprise organization )政府会计企业财务(business finance)期权市场(option market)期货市场(future market)可转让定期存单市场(negotiable CDmarket)货币市场(money market)黄金市场(gold market)国有独资公司股份 ( company limited by shares )股份两合公司(limited pactnership )公司(company)二级市场(security secondary market)独资企业(sole proprietorship )店头市场(over-the -counter-market)承兑市场(acceptance market)拆借市场(lending market)财务制度(financial regulations )财务政策(financial policy )财务预测(financial forecast)财务限制(financial control )金融市场(financial market)财务决策(financial decision )财务监督(financial cupervision )财务计戈U ( financial planning )财务活动(financial activities )财务治理组织( organization of financial management )一级市场(security primary market )无限责任公司 ( company of unlimited liability )夕卜汇市场(foreign exchange market)贝占现市场(dixcount market)企业组织形式(forms of enterprise organization )事业单位会计( accounting for non-profit organizations )事业单位固定资产 ( fixed assets for non-profit organizations )事业单位固定基金 ( fixed funds non-profit organizations )事业单位负债(liabilities for non-profit organizations )事业单位对夕卜投资 ( outside investments for non-profit organizations )事业单位财务清算(liquidation of non-profit organization )上缴上级支出( payment to the higher authority )上级补助收入 ( grant from the higher authority )其他收入(miscellaneous gains )科学事业单位资产(scientific research instifutes )' assets科学事业单位支出 ( scientific research institutes") expenditures科学事业单位预算( scientific research institutes) ' budgeting科学事业单位收入(scientific research institutes) ' revenues科学事业单位结余(scientific research institutes )' surplus科学事业单位会计制度( accointing regulations for scientific research instifutes )科学事业单位会计报表分析 ( scientific research institutes-analysis of accounting statements ) 科学事业单位会计( sicentific research institute accounting )科学事业单位本钱费用治理( scientific research institutes-cost maragement)科学事业单位财务制度( financial regulations for scientific research institutes )经营支出(orerating expense )经营收入(operating revenue)基金预算支出(fund budget expenditure )基金预算收入(fund budget revenue )基金预算结余(surplus of fund budget)国家预算(state budget)国家决算(final accounts of state revenue and expenditure)高等学校资产( colleges and universities assets)高等学校支出 ( colleges and universities expenditures)高等学校预算治理方式( budget management method of colleges and universities)高等学校收入( colleges and universities revenues)专用基金支出( expenditure on special purpose fund )专用基金收入( proceeds from special purpose fund)专用基金结余( surplus of special purpose funds)中华人民共和国预算法(the budget law of the people' s Republic of China资金调拨支出( expenditure on allocated and transeferred fund )财政收入(public finance-revemue )财政净资产(public finance-net assets )财政负债(public finance-liabilities )财政补助收入(grant from the state)拨入专款(restricted appropriation )dsa治理会计政治风险(political risk )再开票中央(reinvoicing center)现代治理会计专方法( special methods of modern management accounting) 现代治理会计( modern management accounting)提前与延期支付(Leads and Lags)特许权使用治理费(fees and royalties )跨国资本本钱的计算 ( the cost of capital for foreign lnuertments )跨国运转资本会计( multinational working capital management ) 跨国经营企业业绩评价( multinational performance evaluation ) 经济风险治理(managing economic exposure )交易风险治理( managing transaction exposure) 换算风险治理( managing translation exposure) 国际投资决策会计( foreign project appraisal )国际治理会计(international management)国际存货治理(international inventory management )股利转移 (dividend Remittances )公司内部贷款(intercompany loans)冻结资金转移(repatriating blocked funds )冻结资金保值( maintaining the value of blocked funds ) 调整后的净现值(adjusted net present value)。
财务报告概念框架(汉英对照,ifrs standard)
财务报告概念框架(汉英对照,ifrs standard)财务报告是企业在一定会计期间内对其财务状况、业绩表现、现金流量等方面进行披露的文书形式的总称。
它的目的是向各方利益相关者提供关于企业的经济情况和业绩表现的信息。
为了使财务报告更具准确性、透明度和可比性，国际上制定了一系列财务报告规范，其中最为著名的是国际财务报告准则(IFRS)。
下面是财务报告概念框架的汉英对照：1.财务报告框架：Financial reporting framework2.目的：Objective3.实体：Reporting Entity4.财务报告用户：Users of Financial Statements5.财务报告目标：The Objective of General Purpose Financial Reporting6.确定财务报告主题：Identifying the Boundaries of Financial Statements7.财务报告要素：The Elements of Financial Statements8.假设：Assumptions9.计量基础：Measurement Basis10.实体概念：The Reporting Entity Concept11.资产：Assets12.负债：Liabilities13.权益：Equity14.收益：Income15.费用：Expenses16.公认会计原则：Generally Accepted Accounting Principles17.监管环境：Regulatory Environment18.审计和监督：Auditing and Oversight以上是财务报告概念框架的主要内容。
在实际操作中，企业需要根据IFRS标准和本国法律法规的要求来编制和披露财务报告。
通过对财务报告的准确披露和透明度展示，企业可以帮助利益相关者更好地了解其财务状况和业绩表现，进而增强其声誉和信誉度，提高市场竞争力。
会计术语中英文词汇对照表
会计术语中英文词汇对照表导言会计是一门涉及到财务信息记录、报告和分析的学科，具有全球化的特点。
无论是在国内还是国际上，会计术语的词汇对照表都是学习和使用会计的基础之一。
本文将提供一份包含常见会计术语中英文词汇对照表，以帮助读者更好地理解和运用会计术语。
本文所提供的词汇对照表并非全面，仅仅包含了部分常见的会计术语。
在实际应用中，根据具体情况可能还需要参考其他参考文献或术语表。
会计术语中英文词汇对照表以下是常见会计术语的中英文词汇对照表：中文英文会计Accounting财务Finance资产Asset负债Liability所有者权益Owner’s Equity收入Revenue支出Expense成本Cost利润Profit费用Fee报表Financial Statement 资产负债表Balance Sheet损益表Income Statement现金流量表Cash Flow Statement营业收入Operating Revenue营业成本Operating Cost资产减值损失Impairment Loss无形资产摊销费用Amortization Expense递延所得税资产Deferred Tax Asset递延所得税负债Deferred Tax Liability预付账款Prepaid Expenses结语会计术语是会计学习和实践中的重要一环，准确理解和运用这些术语对于从事会计相关工作的人员至关重要。
希望本文所提供的会计术语中英文词汇对照表能为读者提供帮助。
同时也提醒读者要根据具体情况和实际需求，进一步扩充和完善自己的会计术语词汇库，以应对各种会计场景。
国际会计准则中英对照(去 Logo)
IFRS and IAS Summaries（2011）《国际财务报告准则》及《国际会计准则》摘要（2011）This extract has been prepared by IFRS Foundation staff and has not been approved by the IASB. For the requirements reference must be made to International Financial Reporting Standards.本摘要由国际财务报告准则基金会职员编制，未经国际会计准则理事会正式批准。
涉及相关要求必须遵照《国际财务报告准则》。
中英文对照 English with Chinese TranslationIFRS and IAS Summaries（2011）《国际财务报告准则》及《国际会计准则》摘要（2011）This extract has been prepared by IFRS Foundation staff and has not been approved by the IASB. For the requirements reference must be made to International Financial Reporting Standards.本摘要由国际财务报告准则基金会职员编制，未经国际会计准则理事会正式批准。
涉及相关要求必须遵照《国际财务报告准则》。
The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2011 as issued at 1 January 2011财务报告的概念框架2011截至2011年1月1日发布This extract has been prepared by IFRS Foundation staff and has not been approved by the IASB. For the requirements reference must be made to the Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010.本摘要由国际财务报告准则基金会职员编制，未经国际会计准则理事会正式批准。
会计科目英文对照2
中国会计制度科目英文对照应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收帐款Accounts receivable其他应收款Other receivables预付帐款Accounts prepaid产成品(库存商品) Finished goods待摊费用Prepaid and deferred expenses待处理流动资产净损失Unsettled G/L on current assets一年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debenture investment falling due in a year长期投资：Long-term investment：其中:长期股权投资Including: Long term equity investment长期债权投资Long term securities investment固定资产原价Fixed assets-cost 固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment of fixed assets固定资产净额Net value of fixed assets固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets工程物资Project material 在建工程Construction in Progress待处理固定资产净损失Unsettled G/L on fixed assets其中:土地使用权Including: Land use rights递延资产（长期待摊费用）Deferred assets其中:固定资产修理Including: Fixed assets repair其他长期资产Other long term assets无形及其他资产合计Total intangible assets and other assets递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票款Notes payable 应付帐款Accounts payab1e预收帐款Advances from customers应付工资Accrued payro1l应付福利费Welfare payable应付利润(股利) Profits payab1e应交税金T axes payable其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors 预提费用Provision for expenses预计负债Accrued liabilities一年内到期的长期负债Long term liabilities due within one year其他流动负债Other current liabilities长期借款Long-term loans payable应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款long-term accounts payable长期负债合计Total long term liabilities递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit* 少数股东权益Minority interests实收资本(股本) Subscribed Capital国家资本National capital集体资本Collective capital法人资本Legal person's capital其中:国有法人资本Including: State-owned legal person's capital集体法人资本Collective legal person's capital个人资本Personal capital外商资本Foreign businessmen's capital资本公积Capital surplus盈余公积surplus reserve其中:法定盈余公积Including: statutory surplus reserve公益金public welfare fund补充流动资本Supplementary current capital* 未确认的投资损失（以“-”号填列）Unaffirmed investment loss未分配利润Retained earnings所有者权益合计T otal shareholder's equity负债及所有者权益总计T otal Liabilities & Equity现金Cash in hand 银行存款Cash in bank短期投资-股票投资Investments - Short term - stocks短期投资-债券投资Investments - Short term - bonds短期投资-基金投资Investments - Short term - funds短期投资-其他投资Investments - Short term - others短期投资跌价准备Provision for short-term investment长期股权投资-股票投资Long term equity investment - stocks长期股权投资-其他股权投资Long term equity investment - others长期债券投资-债券投资Long term securities investment - bonds长期债券投资-其他债权投资Long term securities investment - others长期投资减值准备Provision for long-term investment应收票据Notes receivable 应收股利Dividends receivable 应收利息Interest receivable应收帐款Trade debtors 坏帐准备- 应收帐款Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors预付帐款Prepayment 应收补贴款Allowance receivable 其他应收款Other debtors坏帐准备- 其他应收款Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors其他流动资产Other current assets物资采购Purchase 原材料Raw materials 包装物Packing materials低值易耗品Low value consumables 材料成本差异Material cost difference自制半成品Self-manufactured goods 库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Difference between purchase & sales of commodities委托加工物资Consigned processing material委托代销商品Consignment-out 受托代销商品Consignment-in分期收款发出商品Goods on installment sales存货跌价准备Provision for obsolete stocks待摊费用Prepaid expenses待处理流动资产损益Unsettled G/L on current assets待处理固定资产损益Unsettled G/L on fixed assets固定资产Fixed assets累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产减值准备Impairment of fixed assets在建工程Construction in progress固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets无形资产-专利权Intangible assets - patent无形资产-非专利技术Intangible assets - industrial property and know-how无形资产-商标权Intangible assets - trademark rights无形资产-土地使用权Intangible assets - land use rights无形资产-商誉Intangible assets - goodwill 无形资产减值准备Impairment of intangible assets 长期待摊费用Deferred assets 未确认融资费用Unrecognized finance fees其他长期资产Other long term assets 递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票据Notes payable 应付帐款Trade creditors 预收帐款Advances from customers代销商品款Consignment-in payables 其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors 应付股利Proposed dividends待转资产价值Donated assets 预计负债Accrued liabilities应付短期债券Short-term debentures payable预提费用Accrued expenses 应付工资Payroll payable 应付福利费Welfare payable短期借款Bank loans - Short term一年内到期长期借款Long term loans due within one year一年内到期长期应付款Long term payable due within one year长期借款Bank loans - Long term应付债券-债券面值Bond payable - Par value应付债券-债券溢价Bond payable - Excess应付债券-债券折价Bond payable - Discount应付债券-应计利息Bond payable - Accrued interest长期应付款Long term payable专项应付款Specific payable其他长期负债Other long term liabilities应交税金-所得税Tax payable - income tax应交税金-增值税Tax payable - VAT应交税金-营业税Tax payable - business tax应交税金-消费税Tax payable - consumable tax应交税金-其他Tax payable - others递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit股本Share capital 已归还投资Investment returned利润分配-其他转入Profit appropriation - other trans fer in利润分配-提取法定盈余公积Profit appropriation - statutory surplus reserve利润分配-提取法定公益金Profit appropriation - statutory welfare reserve利润分配-提取储备基金Profit appropriation - reserve fund利润分配-利润归还投资Profit appropriation - return investment by profit利润分配-应付优先股股利Profit appropriation - preference shares dividends利润分配-提取任意盈余公积Profit appropriation - other surplus reserve利润分配-应付普通股股利Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends利润分配-转作股本的普通股股利Profit appropriation-ordinary shares dividends converted to shares 期初未分配利润Retained earnings, beginning of the year资本公积-股本溢价Capital surplus - share premium资本公积-其他Capital surplus - others盈余公积-法定盈余公积金Surplus reserve - statutory surplus reserve盈余公积-任意盈余公积金Surplus reserve - other surplus reserve主营业务收入Sales 主营业务成本Cost of sales 主营业务税金及附加Sales tax营业费用Operating expenses 管理费用General and administrative expenses财务费用Financial expenses 投资收益Investment income其他业务收入Other operating income营业外收入Non-operating income 补贴收入Subsidy income其他业务支出Other operating expenses 营业外支出Non-operating expenses所得税Income tax无形资产减值准备(本地) Provision-impairment loss-intangi. Asset(LOCAL)经营活动长期待摊费用Long term operating deferred expenses预收账款Downpayment received应付工资-上年结转Salary payable to employee-prior year应付工资-应计Accrual salary expenses应付福利费-应计Accrued welfare expenses应交增值税-进项税额Input VAT应交增值税-已交税金VA T paid应交增值税-转出未交增值税Transfer-out of unpaid V A T应交增值税-减免税款VA T deductions and exemptions应交增值税-销项税额Output VA T应交增值税-出口退税Refund of export VAT应交增值税-进项税额转出Transfer-out of input VAT应交增值税-出口抵减内销产品应纳税Export duty deductible-domestic sales 应交增值税-转出多交增值税Transfer-out of overpaid V A T应交增值税-未交增值税Unpaid VA T预付帐款-存货downpayment made for inventories在途物资Goods in transit低值易耗品-消耗品LV A-expendable items半成品Semi-finished goods在制品(生产定单) Work in process(production orders)产成品Finished goods外购商品Trading goods存货跌价准备-材料Provision-value decline of material存货跌价准备-半成品Provision-value decline of semi-finished存货跌价准备-产成品Provision-value decline of finished good发出商品Goods sent out待摊费用Deferred expenses机械及设备租赁(IFRS) Machinery and equipment lease (IFRS)机械及设备(IFRS) Machinery and equipment (IFRS)应交消费税excise tax payable应交所得税income tax payable应交车船使用税vehicle tax payable应交个人所得税(代扣代缴) Individual Income tax payable其他投资活动应付款other payable for investing activities预提费用-利息费用Accrued interest expense预提费用-维修费Accrual-maintenance预提费用-技术开发费Accrual-royalties and developing expense预提费用-租赁费Accrual-leasing expense预提费用-产品质保三包费用Accrual-warranty expense__________________一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loan due within one year应付融资租赁款项(IFRS) Payable for capital leasing(IFRS)应付融资租赁款项(本地) Payable for capital leasing(Local)股本capital stock资本公积-其他资本公积other capital reserve盈余公积-法定公积legal surplusreserve盈余公积-任意公积discretionary surplusreserve盈余公积-法定公益金statutory public welfare fund留存收益retained earning利润分配-其他转入profit allocation-transfered from others利润分配-提取法定盈余公积profit allocation-legal surplus reserves利润分配-提取法定公益金profit allocation-statutory welfare fund利润分配-提取职工奖励及福利基金profit allocation-emplyee welfare fund 利润分配-提取任意盈余公积profit allocation-discretionary surplus reserve 利润分配-应付普通股股利profit allocation-dividend payable利润分配-转作资本profit allocation-transfer into capital本年利润undistributed profit损益类：预提直接人工福利费Accrual expenses - wages welfare折旧(IFRS) Depreciation on tangible assets(IFRS)__________________无形资产摊销(本地) Depreciation on intangible assets(local)机器及设备维修费Machinery and equipment maintenance土地租赁费leasing(land)仓库及房屋租赁费leasing storage & building办公设备租赁费leasing office equipment机械及设备租赁费leasing machinery and equipment税费(印花税) fees and tax(stamp duty)河道管理费fees for riverway坏帐准备provisions-bad debt存货跌价准备provisions-decline in value of inventory存货盘亏Loss-inventory differences存货盘盈Gain-inventory differences汇兑损失Loss from exchange rate difference汇兑收益Gain from exchange rate difference银行手续费bank commission银行利息支出Interest payments for long term loans银行利息收入-其他Interest income from other funds银行利息收入-短期Interest Income short term funds营业外支出-固定资产减值准备provision-impairment loss on fixed asset 非常损失Extraordinary expenses主营业务收入sales revenue代码名称1 科目代码会计科目英文一、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资金Cash and cash equivalents1001 现金Cash1002 银行存款Cash in bank1009 其他货币资金Other cash and cash equivalents'100901 外埠存款Other city Cash in bank'100902 银行本票Cashier's cheque'100903 银行汇票Bank draft'100904 信用卡Credit card'100905 信用证保证金L/C Guarantee deposits'100906 存出投资款Refundable deposits1101 短期投资Short-term investments'110101 股票Short-term investments - stock'110102 债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds'110103 基金Short-term investments - corporate funds'110110 其他Short-term investments - other1102 短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves应收款Account receivable1111 应收票据Note receivable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance1121 应收股利Dividend receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money1161 应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories1201 物资采购Supplies purchasing1211 原材料Raw materials1221 包装物Wrappage1231 低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods1232 材料成本差异Materials cost variance1241 自制半成品Semi-Finished goods1243 库存商品Finished goods1244 商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price1251 委托加工物资Work in process - outsourced1261 委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis1271 受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 1281 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves1291 分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages 1301 待摊费用Deferred and prepaid expenses长期投资Long-term investment1401 长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks'140101 股票投资Investment on stocks'140102 其他股权投资Other investment on stocks1402 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds'140201 债券投资Investment on bonds'140202 其他债权投资Other investment on bonds1421 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves1431 委托贷款Entrust loans'143101 本金Principal'143102 利息Interest'143103 减值准备Depreciation reserves1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities工具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1505 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves1601 工程物资Project goods and material'160101 专用材料Special-purpose material'160102 专用设备Special-purpose equipment'160103 预付大型设备款Prepayments for equipment'160104 为生产准备的工具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 1603 在建工程Construction-in-process安装工程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造工程Technical innovation project大修理工程General overhaul project1605 在建工程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves1701 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets1801 无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents非专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights土地使用权Tenure商誉Goodwill1805 无形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves1815 未确认融资费用Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income1901 长期待摊费用Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses1911 待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income'191101待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income'191102待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income二、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability2101 短期借款Short-term borrowing2111 应付票据Notes payable银行承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2141 代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue2151 应付工资Accrued wages2153 应付福利费Accrued welfarism2161 应付股利Dividends payable2171 应交税金Tax payable'217101 应交增值税value added tax payable'21710101 进项税额Withholdings on V A T'21710102 已交税金Paying tax'21710103 转出未交增值税Unpaid V A T changeover'21710104 减免税款Tax deduction'21710105 销项税额Substituted money on V A T'21710106 出口退税Tax reimbursement for export'21710107 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on V A T'21710108 出口抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax'21710109 转出多交增值税Overpaid V A T changeover'21710110 未交增值税Unpaid V A T'217102 应交营业税Business tax payable'217103 应交消费税Consumption tax payable'217104 应交资源税Resources tax payable'217105 应交所得税Income tax payable'217106 应交土地增值税Increment tax on land value payable'217107 应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable'217108 应交房产税Housing property tax payable'217109 应交土地使用税Tenure tax payable'217110 应交车船使用税V ehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable'217111 应交个人所得税Personal income tax payable2176 其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费用Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities2201 待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value2211 预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities2301 长期借款Long-term loans一年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year一年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year2311 应付债券Bonds payable'231101 债券面值Face value, Par value'231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds'231103 债券折价Discount on bonds'231104 应计利息Accrued interest2321 长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay一年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year一年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year2331 专项应付款Special payable一年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year一年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year2341 递延税款Deferral taxes三、所有者权益类OWNERS' EQUITY资本Capita3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock3103 已归还投资Investment Returned公积3111 资本公积Capital reserve'311101 资本(或股本)溢价Cpital(or Stock) premium'311102 接受捐赠非现金资产准备Receive non-cash donate reserve '311103 股权投资准备Stock right investment reserves'311105 拨款转入Allocate sums changeover in'311106 外币资本折算差额Foreign currency capital'311107 其他资本公积Other capital reserve3121 盈余公积Surplus reserves'312101 法定盈余公积Legal surplus'312102 任意盈余公积Free surplus reserves'312103 法定公益金Legal public welfare fund'312104 储备基金Reserve fund'312105 企业发展基金Enterprise expension fund'312106 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment利润Profits3131 本年利润Current year profits3141 利润分配Profit distribution'314101 其他转入Other chengeover in'314102 提取法定盈余公积Withdrawal legal surplus'314103 提取法定公益金Withdrawal legal public welfare funds'314104 提取储备基金Withdrawal reserve fund'314105 提取企业发展基金Withdrawal reserve for business expansion'314106 提取职工奖励及福利基金Withdrawal staff and workers' bonus and welfare fund '314107 利润归还投资Profits capitalizad on return of investment'314108 应付优先股股利Preferred Stock dividends payable'314109 提取任意盈余公积Withdrawal other common accumulation fund'314110 应付普通股股利Common Stock dividends payable'314111 转作资本(或股本)的普通股股利Common Stock dividends change to assets(or stock)'314115 未分配利润Undistributed profit四、成本类Cost4101 生产成本Cost of manufacture'410101 基本生产成本Base cost of manufacture'410102 辅助生产成本Auxiliary cost of manufacture4105 制造费用Manufacturing overhead材料费Materials管理人员工资Executive Salaries奖金Wages退职金Retirement allowance补贴Bonus外保劳务费Outsourcing fee福利费Employee benefits/welfare会议费Coferemce加班餐费Special duties市内交通费Business traveling通讯费Correspondence电话费Correspondence水电取暖费Water and Steam税费Taxes and dues租赁费Rent管理费Maintenance车辆维护费V ehicles maintenance油料费V ehicles maintenance培训费Education and training接待费Entertainment图书、印刷费Books and printing运费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium支付手续费Commission杂费Sundry charges折旧费Depreciation expense机物料消耗Article of consumption劳动保护费Labor protection fees季节性停工损失Loss on seasonality cessation4107 劳务成本Service costs五、损益类Profit and loss收入Income业务收入OPERA TING INCOME5101 主营业务收入Prime operating revenue产品销售收入Sales revenue服务收入Service revenue5102 其他业务收入Other operating revenue材料销售Sales materials代购代售包装物出租Wrappage lease出让资产使用权收入Remise right of assets revenue返还所得税Reimbursement of income tax 其他收入Other revenue5201 投资收益Investment income短期投资收益Current investment income长期投资收益Long-term investment income计提的委托贷款减值准备Withdrawal of entrust loans reserves 5203 补贴收入Subsidize revenue国家扶持补贴收入Subsidize revenue from country其他补贴收入Other subsidize revenue5301 营业外收入NON-OPERA TING INCOME非货币性交易收益Non-cash deal income现金溢余Cash overage处置固定资产净收益Net income on disposal of fixed assets出售无形资产收益Income on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘盈Fixed assets inventory profit罚款净收入Net amercement income支出Outlay业务支出Revenue charges5401 主营业务成本Operating costs产品销售成本Cost of goods sold服务成本Cost of service5402 主营业务税金及附加Tax and associate charge营业税Sales tax消费税Consumption tax城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities资源税Resources tax土地增值税Increment tax on land value5405 其他业务支出Other business expense销售其他材料成本Other cost of material sale其他劳务成本Other cost of service其他业务税金及附加费Other tax and associate charge费用Expenses5501 营业费用Operating expenses代销手续费Consignment commission charge 运杂费Transpotation保险费Insurance premium展览费Exhibition fees广告费Advertising fees5502 管理费用Adminisstrative expenses职工工资Staff Salaries修理费Repair charge低值易耗摊销Article of consumption办公费Office allowance差旅费Travelling expense工会经费Labour union expenditure研究与开发费Research and development expense福利费Employee benefits/welfare职工教育经费Personnel education待业保险费Unemployment insurance劳动保险费Labour insurance医疗保险费Medical insurance会议费Coferemce聘请中介机构费Intermediary organs咨询费Consult fees诉讼费Legal cost业务招待费Business entertainment技术转让费Technology transfer fees矿产资源补偿费Mineral resources compensation fees排污费Pollution discharge fees房产税Housing property tax车船使用税V ehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) 土地使用税Tenure tax印花税Stamp tax5503 财务费用Finance charge利息支出Interest exchange汇兑损失Foreign exchange loss各项手续费Charge for trouble各项专门借款费用Special-borrowing cost5601 营业外支出Nonbusiness expenditure捐赠支出Donation outlay减值准备金Depreciation reserves非常损失Extraordinary loss处理固定资产净损失Net loss on disposal of fixed assets 出售无形资产损失Loss on sales of intangible assets固定资产盘亏Fixed assets inventory loss债务重组损失Loss on arrangement罚款支出Amercement outlay5701 所得税Income tax以前年度损益调整Prior year income adjustment。
财务会计准则IFRS介绍
非採用/ 無資料 全面或准 許採用 正在接軌 或採用中
2
目前有123 個國家採用 或允許採用
IFRS
「會計」所扮演的角色
重新思考「會計」所扮演的角色--提供「資訊內涵」給投 資人。
IFRSs之『觀念性架構』中提出，財務會計之目標在於提 供有用的資訊給使用者，協助其制訂經濟決策(IASB, 2001) 。因此，瞭解經濟概念，包括給投資人及債權人之資訊 ，是瞭解財務報導之基礎。
5
原則基礎判斷之養成
原則基礎vs細則基礎 IFRS 較少詳細之細則規 範，因此對交易應如何 處理常涉及諸多經濟實 質判斷
6
6
會計處理時間分配
U.S. GAAP/ ROC GAAP
交易分析
搜尋適用之 會計處理
決定會計處理
IFRS
交易分析
7
搜尋適用之 會計處理
決定會計處理
IFRS著重公允價值會計
過去： 強調財務報表之可靠性 IFRSs： 強調財務報表之攸關性
一 交易 三
IFRS
財務報nciples-based accounting) 著重觀念架構及精神，較少細則規範或指引 交易處理涉及諸多經濟實質判斷 代表：IFRSs
細則基礎會計(Rules-based accounting) 著重細則規範 交易處理著重是否符合準則之規定 代表：US GAAP/ROC GAAP
8
歷史成本
現時成本 淨公允價值
折現值
3
Reporting standards v.s. Accounting standards
會計準則 旨在讓企業將所有發生的 交易以會計處理 IFRS 不僅是會計準則 為財務報導準則 強調以管理者角度提供揭露資 訊 旨在提供有用資訊給財務報表 使用者，協助其作經濟決策， 滿足使用者之需求
ifrs准则中英文对照
ifrs准则中英文对照
IFRS准则（International Financial Reporting Standards）是国际
财务报告准则，又称国际会计准则（International Accounting Standards），是世界各国财务报告标准的国际统一标准。
其目的是为了促进全球财务信息的透明度和比较性，提高投资者和利益相关方对
企业财务状况的理解和信任度。
IFRS准则的起源可以追溯到20世纪70年代，当时国际航空运输协会建立了一个财务报告委员会，专门负责制定全球标准财务报告准则。
1989年，国际会计准则委员会（IASB）成立，被授权制定IFRS准则
并推进其全球范围内的推广和实施。
IFRS准则适用于所有上市公司和银行，以及一些非盈利性组织。
其主
要特点是强调财务报告的透明度、可比性和真实性。
其中，最重要的
标准包括IAS 1 （财务报告），IAS 2（存货），IAS 7（现金流量表）和IAS 8（会计政策、会计估计和会计错误）。
IFRS准则的全球推广和实施，旨在促进全球财务信息的透明度和比较性，增强投资者和利益相关方对企业财务状况的理解和信任度。
同时，IFRS准则为企业提供了更好的机会，通过全球化的财务报告标准，获
得更多的国际投资和融资。
当然，IFRS准则在全球范围内的推广和实施也面临诸多挑战，如地域差异、语言障碍、文化差异等。
因此，IFRS准则的设计和实施需要各国政府、监管部门、投资者、企业和专业人士的共同努力和支持，以确保IFRS准则能够真正发挥其充分作用，为全球金融市场的稳定和发展做出更大的贡献。
会计中英文词汇对照
会计中英文词汇对照以下是会计中英文词汇对照（2024新准则）：1. 资产 - Assets2. 负债 - Liabilities3. 所有者权益 - Equity4. 股东权益 - Shareholders' equity5. 应付账款 - Accounts payable6. 应收账款 - Accounts receivable7. 资产负债表 - Balance sheet9. 利润 - Profit10. 成本 - Cost11. 现金流量表 - Cash flow statement12. 营业利润 - Operating profit13. 净利润 - Net profit14. 资金流量 - Cash flow15. 凭证 - Voucher16. 会计准则 - Accounting standards17. 会计政策 - Accounting policies18. 会计师 - Accountant19. 年度报表 - Annual report20. 资本 - Capital21. 借方 - Debit22. 贷方 - Credit23. 折旧 - Depreciation24. 减值 - Impairment25. 公允价值 - Fair value26. 经营活动现金流量 - Cash flow from operating activities27. 投资活动现金流量 - Cash flow from investing activities28. 筹资活动现金流量 - Cash flow from financing activities29. 现金及现金等价物 - Cash and cash equivalents30. 投资 - Investment31. 融资 - Financing32. 业务周期 - Business cycle33. 长期负债 - Long-term liabilities34. 短期负债 - Short-term liabilities35. 固定资产 - Fixed assets36. 流动资产 - Current assets37. 其他应收款 - Other receivables38. 存货 - Inventory39. 预付账款 - Prepaid expenses。
会计学原理专业英语词汇对照(第一二章)
会计学原理专业英语词汇对照第一章：必知词汇accounting会计recordkeeping or bookkeeping簿记shareholders股东board of directors董事会auditors审计suppliers供应商creditor债权人ethics职业道德GAAP公认会计原则（美国）SEC证券交易委员会（美国）FASB财务会计准则委员会（美国）IASB国际会计准则理事会（国际）IFRS国际财务报告准则（国际）Relevant相关Reliable可靠Comparable可比Principles原则The measurement principle/ the cost principle计量原则/ 成本原则The revenue recognition principle收入确认原则The expense recognition principle/ the matching principle支出确认原则/配比原则Sale on credit/ on account 赊销Purchase on credit/on account赊购The full disclosure principle充分披露原则Assumptions假设The going-concern assumption持续经验假设The monetary unit assumption货币计量假设The time period assumption会计分期假设The business entity assumption会计主体假设Sole proprietorship独资企业Unlimited liability无限责任Partnership合伙企业Corporation公司Double taxation双重课税Expanded accounting equation扩展会计等式Assets资产Liabilities负债Owners, equity 所有者权益Net assets净资产Owners, capital所有者资本Owners, withdrawals所有者提取/所有者抽回投资Expenses费用Revenue收入Net income净利润Net loss净损失Income statement利润表Statement of owners, equity所有者权益表/所有者权益变动表Balance sheet资产负债表Statement of cash flows现金流量表第二章：必知词汇(上文有的不再重复)Accounting books/books会计帐簿Source documents原始凭证Account账户General ledger总分类账Ledger分类账Account receivable应收账款Note receivable应收票据Prepaid accounts/ prepaid expenses预付账款/待摊费用Account payable应付账款Note payable应付票据Unearned revenue预收账款Accrued liabilities应计负债Increase增加Decrease减少Chart of accounts会计科目表T-account T形账户Debit借方（Dr.）Credit贷方(Cr.)Account balance账户余额Normal balance正常余额Double entry accounting 复式记账法Journalizing登记日记账Journal日记账General journal普通日记账Journal entry日记账分录Posting过账Balance column account三栏式账户PR（posting reference）过账索引Trial balance试算平衡表Unadjusted statements调整前的财务报表必记口诀：有借必有贷，借贷必相等。
会计术语中英对照
会计术语中英对照公司标准化编码 [QQX96QT-XQQB89Q8-NQQJ6Q8-MQM9N]一、会计与会计理论会计 accounting决策人 Decision Maker投资人 Investor股东 Shareholder债权人 Creditor财务会计 Financial Accounting管理会计 Management Accounting 成本会计 Cost Accounting私业会计 Private Accounting公众会计 Public Accounting注册会计师 CPA Certified Public Accountant国际会计准则委员会 IASC美国注册会计师协会 AICPA财务会计准则委员会 FASB管理会计协会 IMA美国会计学会 AAA税务稽核署 IRS独资企业 Proprietorship合伙人企业 Partnership公司 Corporation会计目标 Accounting Objectives 会计假设 Accounting Assumptions 会计要素 Accounting Elements会计原则 Accounting Principles 会计实务过程 Accounting Procedures财务报表 Financial Statements 财务分析Financial Analysis会计主体假设 Separate-entity Assumption货币计量假设 Unit-of-measure Assumption持续经营假设 Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption会计分期假设 Time-period Assumption资产 Asset负债 Liability业主权益 Owner's Equity收入 Revenue费用 Expense收益 Income亏损 Loss历史成本原则 Cost Principle收入实现原则 Revenue Principle 配比原则 Matching Principle全面披露原则 Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle客观性原则 Objective Principle 一致性原则 Consistent Principle 可比性原则 Comparability Principle重大性原则 Materiality Principle 稳健性原则 Conservatism Principle权责发生制 Accrual Basis现金收付制 Cash Basis财务报告 Financial Report流动资产 Current assets流动负债 Current Liabilities 长期负债 Long-term Liabilities 投入资本 Contributed Capital 留存收益 Retained Earning二、会计循环会计循环 Accounting Procedure/Cycle会计信息系统 Accounting information System帐户 Ledger会计科目 Account会计分录 Journal entry原始凭证 Source Document日记帐 Journal总分类帐 General Ledger明细分类帐 Subsidiary Ledger 试算平衡 Trial Balance现金收款日记帐 Cash receipt journal现金付款日记帐 Cash disbursements journal销售日记帐 Sales Journal购货日记帐 Purchase Journal普通日记帐 General Journal工作底稿 Worksheet调整分录 Adjusting entries 结帐 Closing entries三、现金与应收帐款现金 Cash银行存款 Cash in bank库存现金 Cash in hand流动资产 Current assets偿债基金 Sinking fund定额备用金 Imprest petty cash支票 Check(cheque)银行对帐单 Bank statement银行存款调节表 Bank reconciliation statement在途存款 Outstanding deposit在途支票 Outstanding check应付凭单 Vouchers payable应收帐款 Account receivable应收票据 Note receivable起运点交货价 shipping point目的地交货价 destination point 商业折扣 Trade discount现金折扣 Cash discount销售退回及折让 Sales return and allowance坏帐费用 Bad debt expense备抵法 Allowance method备抵坏帐 Bad debt allowance损益表法 Income statement approach资产负债表法 Balance sheet approach帐龄分析法 Aging analysis method 直接冲销法 Direct write-off method带息票据 Interest bearing note 不带息票据 Non-interest bearing note出票人 Maker受款人 Payee本金 Principal利息率 Interest rate到期日 Maturity date本票 Promissory note贴现 Discount背书 Endorse拒付费 Protest fee com四、存货存货 Inventory商品存货 Merchandise inventory 产成品存货 Finished goods inventory在产品存货 Work in process inventory原材料存货 Raw materials inventory起运地离岸价格 shipping point 目的地抵岸价格 destination寄销 Consignment 寄销人 Consignor承销人 Consignee定期盘存 Periodic inventory永续盘存 Perpetual inventory购货 Purchase购货折让和折扣 Purchase allowance and discounts存货盈余或短缺 Inventory overages and shortages分批认定法 Specificidentification加权平均法 Weighted average先进先出法 First-in, first-out or FIFO后进先出法 Lost-in, first-out or LIFO移动平均法 Moving average成本或市价孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM市价 Market value重置成本 Replacement cost可变现净值 Net realizable value 上限 Upper limit下限 Lower limit毛利法 Gross margin method零售价格法 Retail method成本率 Cost ratio五、长期投资长期投资 Long-term investment长期股票投资 Investment on stocks长期债券投资 Investment on bonds 成本法 Cost method权益法 Equity method合并法 Consolidation method股利宣布日 Declaration date股权登记日 Date of record除息日 Ex-dividend date付息日 Payment date债券面值 Face value, Par value债券折价 Discount on bonds债券溢价 Premium on bonds票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate市场利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate普通股 Common Stock优先股 Preferred Stock现金股利 Cash dividends股票股利 Stock dividends清算股利 Liquidating dividends到期日 Maturity date到期值 Maturity value直线摊销法 Straight-Line method of amortization实际利息摊销法 Effective-interest method of amortization 六、固定资产固定资产 Plant assets or Fixed assets原值 Original value预计使用年限 Expected useful life预计残值 Estimated residual value折旧费用 Depreciation expense累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation帐面价值 Carrying value应提折旧成本 Depreciation cost 净值 Net value在建工程 Construction-in-process 磨损 Wear and tear过时 Obsolescence直线法 Straight-line method (SL)工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)加速折旧法 Accelerated depreciation method双倍余额递减法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)年数总和法 Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)以旧换新 Trade in经营租赁 Operating lease融资租赁 Capital lease廉价购买权 Bargain purchase option (BPO)资产负债表外筹资 Off-balance-sheet financing最低租赁付款额 Minimum lease payments七、无形资产无形资产 Intangible assets专利权 Patents商标权 Trademarks, Trade names 着作权 Copyrights特许权或专营权 Franchises商誉 Goodwill开办费 Organization cost租赁权 Leasehold摊销 Amortization八、流动负债负债 Liability流动负债 Current liability应付帐款 Account payable应付票据 Notes payable贴现票据 Discount notes长期负债一年内到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities应付股利 Dividends payable预收收益 Prepayments by customers存入保证金 Refundable deposits 应付费用 Accrual expense增值税 value added tax营业税 Business tax应付所得税 Income tax payable应付奖金 Bonuses payable产品质量担保负债 Estimated liabilities under product warranties赠品和兑换券 Premiums, coupons and trading stamps或有事项 Contingency或有负债 Contingent或有损失 Loss contingencies或有利得 Gain contingencies永久性差异 Permanent difference 时间性差异 Timing difference应付税款法 Taxes payable method 纳税影响会计法 Tax effect accounting method递延所得税负债法 Deferred income tax liability method九、长期负债长期负债 Long-term Liabilities应付公司债券 Bonds payable有担保品的公司债券 Secured Bonds 抵押公司债券 Mortgage Bonds保证公司债券 Guaranteed Bonds信用公司债券 Debenture Bonds一次还本公司债券 Term Bonds分期还本公司债券 Serial Bonds可转换公司债券 Convertible Bonds 可赎回公司债券 Callable Bonds可要求公司债券 Redeemable Bonds 记名公司债券 Registered Bonds无记名公司债券 Coupon Bonds普通公司债券 Ordinary Bonds收益公司债券 Income Bonds名义利率，票面利率 Nominal rate 实际利率 Actual rate有效利率 Effective rate溢价 Premium折价 Discount面值 Par value直线法 Straight-line method实际利率法 Effective interest method到期直接偿付 Repayment at maturity提前偿付 Repayment at advance偿债基金 Sinking fund长期应付票据 Long-term notes payable抵押借款 Mortgage loan十、业主权益权益 Equity业主权益 Owner's equity股东权益 Stockholder's equity投入资本 Contributed capital 缴入资本 Paid-in capital股本 Capital stock资本公积 Capital surplus留存收益 Retained earnings核定股本 Authorized capital stock实收资本 Issued capital stock发行在外股本 Outstanding capital stock库藏股 Treasury stock普通股 Common stock优先股 Preferred stock累积优先股 Cumulative preferred stock非累积优先股 Noncumulative preferred stock完全参加优先股 Fully participating preferred stock部分参加优先股 Partially participating preferred stock非部分参加优先股 Nonpartially participating preferred stock现金发行 Issuance for cash非现金发行 Issuance for noncash consideration股票的合并发行 Lump-sum sales of stock发行成本 Issuance cost成本法 Cost method面值法 Par value method捐赠资本 Donated capital盈余分配 Distribution of earnings股利 Dividend股利政策 Dividend policy宣布日 Date of declaration 股权登记日 Date of record除息日 Ex-dividend date股利支付日 Date of payment 现金股利 Cash dividend股票股利 Stock dividend拨款 appropriation十一、财务报表财务报表 Financial Statement 资产负债表 Balance Sheet收益表 Income Statement帐户式 Account Form报告式 Report Form编制（报表） Prepare工作底稿 Worksheet多步式 Multi-step单步式 Single-step十二、财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础Basis（现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础Capital Basis（资金来源与运用表）营运资金 Working Capital全部资源概念 All-resources concept直接交换业务 Direct exchanges 正常营业活动 Normal operating activities财务活动 Financing activities 投资活动 Investing activities 十三、财务报表分析财务报表分析 Analysis of financial statements比较财务报表 Comparative financial statements趋势百分比 Trend percentage比率 Ratios普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio 价益比 Price-earnings ratio普通股每股帐面价值 Book value per share of common stock资本报酬率 Return on investment 总资产报酬率 Return on total asset债券收益率 Yield rate on bonds已获利息倍数 Number of times interest earned债券比率 Debt ratio优先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock营运资本 Working Capital周转 Turnover存货周转率 Inventory turnover应收帐款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover流动比率 Current ratio速动比率 Quick ratio酸性试验比率 Acid test ratio十四、合并财务报表合并财务报表 Consolidated financial statements吸收合并 Merger创立合并 Consolidation控股公司 Parent company附属公司 Subsidiary company少数股权 Minority interest权益联营合并 Pooling of interest 购买合并 Combination by purchase 权益法 Equity method成本法 Cost method十五、物价变动中的会计计量物价变动之会计 Price-level changes accounting 一般物价水平会计 General price-level accounting货币购买力会计 Purchasing-power accounting统一币值会计 Constant dollar accounting历史成本 Historical cost现行价值会计 Current value accounting现行成本 Current cost重置成本 Replacement cost物价指数 Price-level index国民生产总值物价指数 Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP deflator)消费物价指数 Consumer price index (or CPI)批发物价指数 Wholesale price index货币性资产 Monetary assets货币性负债 Monetary liabilities 货币购买力损益 Purchasing-power gains or losses资产持有损益 Holding gains or losses未实现的资产持有损益 Unrealized holding gains or losses。
ifrs准则中英文对照
IFRS准则中英文对照引言IFRS（国际财务报告准则，International Financial Reporting Standards）是由国际会计准则理事会（IASB，International Accounting Standards Board）颁布的一套国际财务报告准则。
IFRS准则的广泛应用对全球金融市场的稳定和信息透明度起到了重要作用。
IFRS准则的主要内容1. 会计准则的制定1.1 IFRS准则的目的和使用对象•IFRS准则的目的是为了提供用户对企业财务状况、经营绩效和现金流量的准确和公允的信息。
•IFRS准则适用于所有报告目标是全面提供信息的企业，包括上市公司、金融机构和非营利组织等。
1.2 IFRS准则的基本原则•公平表示原则：企业应按照公平表示原则编制财务报表，以反映其真实的财务状况和经营绩效。
•业务实质重于法律形式：企业应根据业务实质进行会计处理，而不仅仅依据法律形式。
•以预测结果为导向：企业应根据预计的经济利益和损益发生即时原则进行会计处理。
2. 财务报表要求2.1 资产负债表•资产负债表应按照资产、负债和股东权益的分类和顺序编制。
•资产负债表中的项目应根据其预计使用周期和流动性进行分类。
2.2 利润表•利润表中的项目应按照其性质和功能进行分类。
•利润表应明确列示企业期间内实现的收入、费用、损益和所得税等信息。
2.3 现金流量表•现金流量表应明确列示现金流入和流出的项目。
•现金流量表分为经营活动、投资活动和筹资活动三个部分。
IFRS准则与国内会计准则的差异IFRS准则与国内会计准则在以下方面存在差异： 1. 会计处理原则：IFRS准则更注重企业财务信息的公允价值，而国内会计准则更注重成本法计量。
2. 财务报告要求：IFRS准则对财务报表的格式和内容有更为详细的规定，包括分类和顺序等；而国内会计准则在这方面规定较为简略。
3. 对业务组合和资产处置的处理：IFRS 准则对业务组合和资产处置有更为详细的规定，而国内会计准则在这方面规定较为模糊。
常用会计科目中英对照
常用会计科目中英对照介绍会计科目是会计系统中的核心组成部分，用于记录和分类企业的财务信息。
在国际财务报告准则（IFRS）和中国会计准则（CAS）中，通常使用中英文对照的方式来表示会计科目。
这个文档将为您提供常用会计科目的中英对照表，以帮助您理解和运用会计科目。
资产类流动资产•现金 Cash•银行存款 Bank Deposit•应收账款 Account Receivable•存货 Inventory•预付款项 Prepayment•其他应收款 Other Receivable非流动资产•长期债券 Long-term Bond•固定资产 Fixed Asset•投资 Property Investment•无形资产 Intangible Asset•长期股权投资 Long-term Equity Investment •长期应收款 Long-term Receivable负债类流动负债•应付账款 Account Payable•短期借款 Short-term Loan•预提费用 Accrued Expense•应交税费 Taxes Payable•应付工资 Payroll Payable•其他应付款 Other Payable非流动负债•长期借款 Long-term Loan•应付债券 Bond Payable•递延收益 Deferred Revenue•长期应付款 Long-term Payable•递延所得税负债 Deferred Tax Liability•其他长期负债 Other Long-term Liability 所有者权益类股东权益•实收资本 Pd-in Capital•未分配利润 Undistributed Profit•资本公积 Capital Surplus•盈余公积 Retned Earnings•非流动性损益 Non-operating Income 收入类•销售收入 Sales Revenue•服务收入 Service Revenue•租金收入 Rental Revenue•其他收入 Other Revenue费用类•销售费用 Sales Expense•管理费用 Administrative Expense•财务费用 Financial Expense•研发费用 Research and Development Expense•人力资源费用 Human Resource Expense损益类•净利润 Net Profit•损失 Loss•费用 Expense•营业利润 Operating Profit•营业成本 Operating Cost以上是常用的会计科目中英对照表。
国际会计准则简介(IFRS)
需提前揭露事項及時點
2009
提前採用
2010 年度
2011 期中及 年度 年度
2012
2013
2014
2015
PricewaterhouseCoopers
第一階段 第二階段
上市上櫃公司、興櫃 公司及金管會主管之 金融業 於2011年後使決定自 願提前採用 提前採用 非上市上櫃及興櫃之 公開發行公司、信用 合作社及信用卡公司
主講人
資誠會計師事務所 周建宏 合夥人 資誠會計師事務所 周建宏 合夥人 資誠會計師事務所 周建宏 合夥人 資誠會計師事務所 周建宏 合夥人 資誠會計師事務所 周建宏 合夥人
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Slide 2
國際會計準則（IFRS）簡介
IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards)
準則(IAS)。 2001/4起，國際會計準則理事會(IASB)承接所有IAS及其後續之發展， 而新發布之準則稱之為IFRS。
PricewaterhouseCoopers
Slide 4
原則性規範（Principle based）
特色－
• 準則運用的解釋和應用指南較少 • 遵從準則目的與實質所進行的專業判斷 • 少有原則性例外
2. 於未來3年內將進入職場的學生，將經歷會計變革的過渡期間，對於
因應變革所需會計專業以外的能力，例如專案管理，系統及流程改變 等，學校教育未必涵蓋
3. 國家考試必須考慮IFRS的影響
PricewaterhouseCoopers Slide 14
大學教育該如何因應
大學會計教育該如何因應
1. 短期計畫:針對未來3年將進入職場的學生，加強以下教育
国际会计术语英汉对照
国际会计术语英汉对照Account 帐户Accounting system 会计系统American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Audit 审计Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记Cash flow prospects 现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计External users 外部使用者Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial forecast 财务预测Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室Income statement 损益表Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Management accounting 管理会计Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表T ax accounting 税务会计Accounting equation 会计等式Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本Corporation 公司Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权人Deflation 通货紧缩Disclosure 批露Expenses 费用Financial statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Inflation 通货膨涨Investing activities 投资活动Liabilities 负债Negative cash flow 负现金流量Operating activities 经营活动Owner's equity 所有者权益Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量Retained earning 留存利润Revenue 收入Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益Window dressing 门面粉饰会计&财务术语的中英对照a payment or serious payments 一次或多次付款abatement 扣减absolute and unconditional payments 绝对和无条件付款accelerated payment 加速支付acceptance date 接受日acceptance 接受accession 加入accessories 附属设备accountability 承担责任的程度accounting benefits 会计利益accounting period 会计期间accounting policies 会计政策accounting principle 会计准则accounting treatment 会计处理accounts receivables 应收账款accounts 账项accredited investors 经备案的投资人accumulated allowance 累计准备金acknowledgement requirement 对承认的要求acquisition of assets 资产的取得acquisitions 兼并Act on Product Liability （德国）生产责任法action 诉讼actual ownership 事实上的所有权additional filings 补充备案additional margin 附加利差additional risk附加风险additions （设备的）附件adjusted tax basis 已调整税基adjustment of yield 对收益的调整administrative fee管理费Administrative Law（美国）行政法advance notice 事先通知advance 放款adverse tax consequences 不利的税收后果advertising 做广告affiliated group 联合团体affiliate 附属机构African Leasing Association 非洲租赁协会after-tax rate 税后利率aggregate rents 合计租金aggregate risk 合计风险agreement concerning rights of explore natural resources 涉及自然资源开发权的协议agreement 协议aircraft registry 飞机登记airframe （飞机的）机身airports 机场airworthiness directives （飞机的）适航指令alliances 联盟allocation of finance income 财务收益分配allowance for losses on receivables 应收款损失备抵金alternative uses 改换用途地使用amenability to foreign investment 外国投资的易受控制程度amendment 修改American Law Institute 美国法学会amortization of deferred loan fees and related consideration 递延的贷款费和相关的报酬的摊销amortization schedule 摊销进度表amortize 摊销amount of recourse 求偿金额amount of usage 使用量AMT (Alternative Minimum T ax) （美国）可替代最低税analogous to类推为annual budget appropriation 年度预算拨款appendix （契约性文件的）附件applicable law 适用法律applicable securities laws适用的证券法律applicable tax life 适用的应纳税寿命appraisal 评估appraisers 评估人员appreciation 溢价appropriation provisions 拨款条例appropriation 侵占approval authority 核准权approval 核准approximation近似arbitrary and artificially high value (承租人违约出租人收回租赁物时法官判决的)任意的和人为抬高的价值arbitration 仲裁arm‘s length transaction 公平交易arrangement 安排arrest 扣留Article 2A 美国统一商法典关于法定融资租赁的条款articles of incorporation 公司章程AsiaLeaae 亚洲租赁协会assess 评估asset manager 设备经理asset risk insurance 资产风险保险asset securitization 资产证券化asset specificity 资产特点asset tracking 资产跟踪asset-backed financing 资产支持型融资asset-based lessor 立足于资产的出租人asset-oriented lessor (经营租赁中的)资产导向型出租人asset 资产assignee 受让人assignment 让与association 社团at the expiry 期限届满时ATT (automatic transfer of title) 所有权自动转移attachments 附着物attributes 属性auction sale 拍卖audits 审计authenticate 认证authentication 证实authority 当局authorize 认可availability of fixed rate medium-term financing 固定利率中期融资可得到的程度available-for-sale securities 正供出售证券average life 平均寿命average managed net financed assets 所管理的已筹资金资产净额平均值aviation authority 民航当局backed-up servicer 替补服务者backhoe反铲装载机balance sheet date 资产负债表日bandwidth 带宽bank affiliates 银行的下属机构bank quote 银行报价bankruptcy cost 破产成本bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy 破产bareboat charterer 光船承租人bargain renewal option廉价续租任择权basic earnings per share每股基本收益basic rent基本租金（各期应付的租金）beneficiaries受益人big-ticket items大额项目bill and collect开票和收款binding agreement有约束力的协议blind vendor discount卖主暗扣bluebook蓝皮书（美国二手市场设备价格手册）book income账面收入book loses账面亏损borrower借款人BPO(bargain purchase option)廉价购买任择权bridge facility桥式融通bridge桥梁broker fee经纪人费brokers经纪人build-to-suit leases（租赁物由承租人）承建或承造的租赁协议bulldozer推土机bundled additional services捆绑（在一起的）附加服务bundling捆绑（服务）business acquisition业务收购business and occupation tax营业及开业许可税business generation业务开发business trust商业信托by(e)-laws细则byte字节cable TV network有线电视网络cable电缆cancelability可撤销性cancelable可撤销的capacity资格capital allocation资本分派capital constraint资金掣肘capital contribution出资额capital cost资本费用capital expenditure基建费用capital lease融资租赁协议capital market资本市场capitalize资本化captive finance company专属金融公司captives专属公司carrying amount维持费用carrying value账面结存价值case law案例法cash collatera1现金抵押cash election现金选择cash flow coverage ratio现金流偿债能力比率cash flow现金流cash receipts and cash applications现金收入及现金运用casualty value要因价值（指租赁物毁坏或灭失时承租人应付的赔偿金额）casualty灾变、事故CAT(computer-added tomograph)依靠电脑的层析X射线摄影机category种类causal sale偶然销售ceiling上限cellular(mobile)移动通信central authority中央集权certificate of acceptance接受证书、验收证书certificate of participation共享证书certificate证书charitable trust公益信托chattel mortgage动产抵押chattel paper动产文据checking account存款支票户checklists审核内容清单circuit board线路板civil and commercial law 民商法Civil Code（德国）民法典civil law country（欧洲大陆各国的）大陆法系国家claim 权利要求classes级别classification criteria归类标准classification determination类别的确定classification indicators分类指标classification of leases租赁协议分类classification opinion分类观点classification process归类过程clawback (用附加税)填补（福利开支）client顾客clinic诊所collateral agent副代理人collateral tracking system抵押物跟踪制度collateral value抵押物价值collateralized by third party medical receivables due以第三方到期医疗应收款作为质押collateral抵押物collect and disburse收取和支付collectibility可收回程度collection托收comfort level方便程度commerce clause商务条款commercial risk商业风险commercial terms商业条款commissions佣金commitment承诺common carriage通用车队common law country（英美等）海洋法系国家common trust共同信托commonality通用性compensate补偿competitive risk竞争风险competitor竞争者complex finance leases复杂的融资租赁comprehensive income综合收入comptroller审计官computer计算机conceptual difference概念上的差别concession period持有特许权的期间concession让步、特许conclusion结论conditional sales agreement附条件销售协议conditions of usage使用条件conduit structure管道结构(的公司)confidentiality保密性configure改装conflict冲突connectivility（信息传递中的）可连通性consensual or non-consensual lien同意或非经同意的留置权consent 同意consideration对价consolidation合并constructive acceptance of collateral抵押物的指定接受constructive sale推定出售consulting and advisory services咨询及顾问服务Consumer Credit Act（德国）消费者信用法consumer price index消费者价格指数consumer secured transaction消费者有担保交易consumer transaction消费者交易consumption tax消费税container集装箱contingent rental随机租金contingent rents随机租金continuation beyond the termination date终止日后的接续continuous and close customer contact同客户持续而紧密的接触contract maintenance（对设备的）合同维修contract origination合同开发contract pool合同池contract portfolio合同组合contract sales合同出售contracting cost缔约成本contracting states 缔约国contracts for services服务合同contractual provisions合同条款contributions出资Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约convention 公约converted subordinated notes可转换次级票据convincing case有说服力的案例core framework核心框架corporate aircraft公务（飞）机corporate debt market公司债市场corporate guarantees公司担保corporate income tax公司所得税corporation公司correlation相关性cost of capital资金成本cost of funds筹资成本cost of sale销售成本coterminous rate同期利率counsel律师counterclaim反诉counterpart副本course of dealing and usage of trade交易习惯和贸易惯例covenants契约coverage（保险中的）险别crane起重机credit and liquidity enhancement信用及流动性增级credit card receivables信用卡应收款credit card信用卡credit development信用变化credit enhancement信用增级credit history and profile信用记录和规模credit rating信用等级credit risk allocation and management信用风险的分摊及管理credit risk信用风险credit underwriting process信用担保程序credit-based lessor立足于信用的出租人credit-oriented lessor(经营租赁中的)信贷导向型出租人creditors债权人creditworthiness信誉criterion（衡量用的）标准critical goals关键性目标cross-border funding跨境融资currency risk货币风险current and non-current liabilities当期及非当期负债current ratio流动比率current realization即期实现cushion缓冲customer contact客户联系customer‘s purchase cycle客户的购买周期。
会计专业术语中英文对照
a payment or serious payments 一次或多次付款abatement 扣减absolute and unconditional payments 绝对和无条件付款accelerated payment 加速支付acceptance date 接受日acceptance 接受accession 加入accessories 附属设备accountability 承担责任的程度accounting benefits 会计利益accounting period 会计期间accounting policies 会计政策accounting principle 会计准则accounting treatment 会计处理accounts receivables 应收账款accounts 账项accredited investors 经备案的投资人accumulated allowance 累计准备金acknowledgement requirement 对承认的要求acquisition of assets 资产的取得acquisitions 兼并Act on Product Liability （德国）生产责任法action 诉讼actual ownership 事实上的所有权additional filings 补充备案additional margin 附加利差additional risk附加风险additions （设备的）附件adjusted tax basis 已调整税基adjustment of yield 对收益的调整administrative fee管理费Administrative Law（美国）行政法advance notice 事先通知advance 放款adverse tax consequences 不利的税收后果advertising 做广告affiliated group 联合团体affiliate 附属机构African Leasing Association 非洲租赁协会after-tax rate 税后利率aggregate rents 合计租金aggregate risk 合计风险agreement concerning rights of explore natural resources 涉及自然资源开发权的协议agreement 协议精品文库aircraft registry 飞机登记airframe （飞机的）机身airports 机场airworthiness directives （飞机的）适航指令alliances 联盟allocation of finance income 财务收益分配allowance for losses on receivables 应收款损失备抵金alternative uses 改换用途地使用amenability to foreign investment 外国投资的易受控制程度amendment 修改American Law Institute 美国法学会amortization of deferred loan fees and related consideration 递延的贷款费和相关的报酬的摊销amortization schedule 摊销进度表amortize 摊销amount of recourse 求偿金额amount of usage 使用量AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax) （美国）可替代最低税analogous to类推为annual budget appropriation 年度预算拨款appendix （契约性文件的）附件applicable law 适用法律applicable securities laws适用的证券法律applicable tax life 适用的应纳税寿命appraisal 评估appraisers 评估人员appreciation 溢价appropriation provisions 拨款条例appropriation 侵占approval authority 核准权approval 核准approximation近似arbitrary and artificially high value (承租人违约出租人收回租赁物时法官判决的)任意的和人为抬高的价值arbitration 仲裁arm's length transaction 公平交易arrangement 安排arrest 扣留Article 2A 美国统一商法典关于法定融资租赁的条款articles of incorporation 公司章程AsiaLeaae 亚洲租赁协会assess 评估asset manager 设备经理asset risk insurance 资产风险保险asset securitization 资产证券化asset specificity 资产特点精品文库asset tracking 资产跟踪asset-backed financing 资产支持型融资asset-based lessor 立足于资产的出租人asset-oriented lessor (经营租赁中的)资产导向型出租人asset 资产assignee 受让人assignment 让与association 社团at the expiry 期限届满时ATT (automatic transfer of title) 所有权自动转移attachments 附着物attributes 属性auction sale 拍卖audits 审计authenticate 认证authentication 证实authority 当局authorize 认可availability of fixed rate medium-term financing 固定利率中期融资可得到的程度available-for-sale securities 正供出售证券average life 平均寿命average managed net financed assets 所管理的已筹资金资产净额平均值aviation authority 民航当局backed-up servicer 替补服务者backhoe反铲装载机balance sheet date 资产负债表日bandwidth 带宽bank affiliates 银行的下属机构bank quote 银行报价bankruptcy cost 破产成本bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy 破产bareboat charterer 光船承租人bargain renewal option廉价续租任择权basic earnings per share每股基本收益basic rent基本租金（各期应付的租金）beneficiaries受益人big-ticket items大额项目bill and collect开票和收款binding agreement有约束力的协议blind vendor discount卖主暗扣bluebook蓝皮书（美国二手市场设备价格手册）精品文库book income账面收入book loses账面亏损borrower借款人BPO(bargain purchase option)廉价购买任择权bridge facility桥式融通bridge桥梁broker fee经纪人费brokers经纪人build-to-suit leases（租赁物由承租人）承建或承造的租赁协议bulldozer推土机bundled additional services捆绑（在一起的）附加服务bundling捆绑（服务）business acquisition业务收购business and occupation tax营业及开业许可税business generation业务开发business trust商业信托by(e)-laws细则byte字节cable TV network有线电视网络cable电缆cancelability可撤销性cancelable可撤销的capacity资格capital allocation资本分派capital constraint资金掣肘capital contribution出资额capital cost资本费用capital expenditure基建费用capital lease融资租赁协议capital market资本市场capitalize资本化captive finance company专属金融公司captives专属公司carrying amount维持费用carrying value账面结存价值case law案例法cash collatera1现金抵押cash election现金选择cash flow coverage ratio现金流偿债能力比率cash flow现金流cash receipts and cash applications现金收入及现金运用casualty value要因价值（指租赁物毁坏或灭失时承租人应付的赔偿金额）casualty灾变、事故CAT(computer-added tomograph)依靠电脑的层析X射线摄影机精品文库category种类causal sale偶然销售ceiling上限cellular(mobile)移动通信central authority中央集权certificate of acceptance接受证书、验收证书certificate of participation共享证书certificate证书charitable trust公益信托chattel mortgage动产抵押chattel paper动产文据checking account存款支票户checklists审核内容清单circuit board线路板civil and commercial law 民商法Civil Code（德国）民法典civil law country（欧洲大陆各国的）大陆法系国家claim 权利要求classes级别classification criteria归类标准classification determination类别的确定classification indicators分类指标classification of leases租赁协议分类classification opinion分类观点classification process归类过程clawback (用附加税)填补（福利开支）client顾客clinic诊所collateral agent副代理人collateral tracking system抵押物跟踪制度collateral value抵押物价值collateralized by third party medical receivables due以第三方到期医疗应收款作为质押collateral抵押物collect and disburse收取和支付collectibility可收回程度collection托收comfort level方便程度commerce clause商务条款commercial risk商业风险commercial terms商业条款commissions佣金commitment承诺common carriage通用车队common law country（英美等）海洋法系国家精品文库common trust共同信托commonality通用性compensate补偿competitive risk竞争风险competitor竞争者complex finance leases复杂的融资租赁comprehensive income综合收入comptroller审计官computer计算机conceptual difference概念上的差别concession period持有特许权的期间concession让步、特许conclusion结论conditional sales agreement附条件销售协议conditions of usage使用条件conduit structure管道结构(的公司)confidentiality保密性configure改装conflict冲突connectivility（信息传递中的）可连通性consensual or non-consensual lien同意或非经同意的留置权consent 同意consideration对价consolidation合并constructive acceptance of collateral抵押物的指定接受constructive sale推定出售consulting and advisory services咨询及顾问服务Consumer Credit Act（德国）消费者信用法consumer price index消费者价格指数consumer secured transaction消费者有担保交易consumer transaction消费者交易consumption tax消费税container集装箱contingent rental随机租金contingent rents随机租金continuation beyond the termination date终止日后的接续continuous and close customer contact同客户持续而紧密的接触contract maintenance（对设备的）合同维修contract origination合同开发contract pool合同池contract portfolio合同组合contract sales合同出售contracting cost缔约成本contracting states 缔约国精品文库contracts for services服务合同contractual provisions合同条款contributions出资Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Award承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约convention 公约converted subordinated notes可转换次级票据convincing case有说服力的案例core framework核心框架corporate aircraft公务（飞）机corporate debt market公司债市场corporate guarantees公司担保corporate income tax公司所得税corporation公司correlation相关性cost of capital资金成本cost of funds筹资成本cost of sale销售成本coterminous rate同期利率counsel律师counterclaim反诉counterpart副本course of dealing and usage of trade交易习惯和贸易惯例covenants契约coverage（保险中的）险别crane起重机credit and liquidity enhancement信用及流动性增级credit card receivables信用卡应收款credit card信用卡credit development信用变化credit enhancement信用增级credit history and profile信用记录和规模credit rating信用等级credit risk allocation and management信用风险的分摊及管理credit risk信用风险credit underwriting process信用担保程序credit-based lessor立足于信用的出租人credit-oriented lessor(经营租赁中的)信贷导向型出租人creditors债权人creditworthiness信誉criterion（衡量用的）标准critical goals关键性目标cross-border funding跨境融资currency risk货币风险current and non-current liabilities当期及非当期负债精品文库current ratio流动比率current realization即期实现cushion缓冲customer contact客户联系customer's purchase cycle客户的购买周期customers客户damage 损害dampening effect削弱性效应data transfer数据转换data transmission数据传输DDC (dedicated contract carriage)指定车型及司机的合同车队dealer lessors供应商出租人debt capital债务资本debt covenant债务契约debt instruments债务证书debt issuance costs债务发行成本debt maturities债务期限debt securities债务证券debt service债息debt-equity ratios自有资金负债率debt-equity treatment债务－权益处理debtor债务人debt-to-equity ratio权益负债率decay（机械设备的）腐蚀declarations声明dedicated capacity carriage指定最低运输量的合同车队dedicated carriage一应俱全的车厢deductibility可抵扣程度deduction扣减default违约defeasance structures带有废止条款的结构defense抗辩deficiency claim损失索赔deficiency损失、缺陷definitional maze定义上的暧昧不明definition定义deflation通货紧缩deinstallation拆卸delay in delivery 延迟交付delinquencies拖欠delivery and acceptance process交付及验收程序denunciation 退出deposit account押金账项deposit taker存款接受者deposition处置depreciated value折余价值depreciation allowance折旧提存depreciation benefit折旧好处depreciation deductions折旧抵扣depreciation expense折旧费用depreciation period折旧期间deregulation解除管制derivative financial instruments衍生的金融工具designated location指定的位置detention扣押detraction减损developed and mature market发达而成熟的市场diagnostic equipment诊断设备differentiation差别化digitization数字化diluted earning per share每股稀释后收益direct and consequential damage直接和间接损失direct financing lease直接融资租赁direct tax直接税disaster recovery services（电脑租赁的）救灾服务disclaimer免责disclosure items披露项目discount rate折现率discounted present value折现值discretion自由酌情处理discrimination差别待遇disguised credit sale变相信贷销售disguised purchaser of the leased asset经过伪装的租赁资产买入人（指融资租赁的承租人）dispute resolution process争议解决程序dissolution解散distinction区别distinctive triangular relationship 特有的三边关系distribution分配diverse nuances多样化的细微差别diversification多样化diversity多样性dividends红利documentation文件制作及提供domestic law 国内法double taxation agreement双重课税协议double tax双重税double-dip tax leases（租赁一方为美国法人而另一方不是美国法人时的）双重所有权租赁协议down payment定金down time窝工时间downgraded信用等级下降downward sloped interest expense line趋降的利息费用曲线draftsmanship（合同文本的）起草due diligence应有的审慎durability耐久性duration of delay拖延的持续时间duress胁迫early buyout提前买断early termination提前结束earnings before minority interest少数权益前收益earnings pattern收益模型EBO (early buyout)提前买断economic benefits经济利益economic climate经济气候economic life经济寿命economic ownership经济上的所有权education教育effective date生效日effective ownership有效的所有权effective waiver of defenses（对）抗辩的有效放弃effectiveness有效性electronic mail电子邮件eligibility合格性embedded嵌入emerging lease markets新兴租赁市场employee benefit plans雇员福利计划enactment实施encumbrance留置权end-of-term consequences期末结果end-of-term process期末程序ends up倒闭end-users最终用户enforceable强制性的enforcing remedies实施补救engine发动机enhanced equipment trust certificate增级的设备信托证书enter into force生效entitlement权利资格Environmental Liability Act（德国）环境责任法EPS(earning per share)每股收益率equalizing等量化equipment cost设备成本equipment defects设备瑕疵equipment identification设备认定equipment leasing industry设备租赁业equipment risk allocation and management设备风险的分担及管理Equipment Schedule设备清单equitable owner衡平法上的所有权人equity capital权益资本equity contribution权益出资equity in net loss of invests投资净损失中的权益equity insertion权益嵌入（指经营租赁的出租人在购置用于租赁的货物时要更多地依赖其自有资金）equity investor权益投资人equity securities权益证券ERISA（Employee Retirement Income and Security Act）（美国）雇员退休收入及担保法escalation clauses自动调整条款essential use实质性使用estate（房地产）产业estimated remaining period估计的剩余期间estimated residual估计的余值estimates估计ETO(early termination option)（对）提前结束（的）任择权evolution演变excess cash过剩现金excess deduction超额扣减exchange交换excise tax许可证税exclusive remarketing firms（只处置某类设备的）专业性再处置公司executory cost执行成本exempt assets免税资产exempt entity免税机构exercisable 可行使的exercise price行使（某项权利，例如购买任择权时的）价格exhaustion损耗Exhibit（契约性文件的）附件EXIM bank（美国）进出口银行expenditure开支expertise专长expiration of the initial lease term初始租赁期限的届满exposure to residual asset value所承担的资产残值风险express warranty明示的担保extended retention of possession对占有的延伸提留extension延期external reporting risk财务报告引起的外部风险FAA(Federal Aviation Administration)(美国)联邦航空署face value面值factoring company代理融通公司fair market value leases公允市值租赁（指租金按租赁市场的常见数额来确定）fair market value transactions公允市值交易fair value公允价值fair wear and tear合理磨损FASB(Federal Accounting Standards Board) 13（美国）财务会计标准委员会第13号说明：租赁FASIT (financial asset securitization investment trust)金融资产证券化投资信托fatal illness绝症features装置federal income tax联邦所得税Federal Tax Court（德国）联邦税务法庭federally guaranteed mortgage联邦保证抵押fee receivable应收费fee subordination附加费fee-based financing services以收费为基础的融资服备Felalease拉美租赁协会fiber optics光纤fiduciary responsibilities受托责任filing备案finance and other income财务及其它收入finance charges财务费用finance companies金融公司、财务公司finance lease laws融资租赁法律finance lease融资租赁协议financial assets金融资产financial bottom line财务底线financial components财务成份financial distortion财务失真financial institution金融机构financial instruments金融证书，金融工具financial leasing transaction融资租赁交易financial leasing融资租赁financial lessor融资出租人financial performance财务业绩financial ratios财务比率financial reality财务现实financial reporting risk(因财务失真所导致的)财务报告风险financial statement appearance资产负债表的表现financial terms融资条件financiers融资人financing source融资来源finding认定firm term确定的条款first amendment leases首期更改租赁协议five different frameworks（作为租赁交易宏观环境的）五个不同的框架fixed investment trust固定投资信托fixed purchase option固定价格购买任择权fixed rate固定利率fixed wire有线(通信)fixture filing固定备案flexibility灵活性floating lease accrued interest receivable浮动租赁应计的应收利息fluctuation波动FMRV(fair market rental value)公允的租金市值footnote disclosure通过附注披露foreclosure disposition扣押抵债处置foreclosure了结抵押（抵押权人按规定拍卖抵押物以受偿）forklift叉车form report格式报告forward rate agreement远期利率协议forward start swaps远期掉期four criteria（区别融资租赁和经营租赁的）四项标准fractional interest零散权益franchise特许权fraud欺诈free standing derivative instruments自力支撑的衍生工具from cradle to grave从摇篮到坟墓（指自始至终全程服务）front-end payment前端支付FSL(full-service lease)全程服务租赁fuel use tax燃料使用税full commitment全额承诺full disclosure充分披露full-payout versus non-full-payout全额支付还是非全额支付full-payout全额支付full-service lease全套服务租赁fund appropriation拨款fund risk筹资风险funding resources筹资渠道funding risk筹资风险furnish供应future cash flow未来的现金流future lease payment未来租赁付款GAAP(generally accepted accounting principle)公认会计准则gains收益gear ratio资本充足率gearing资本充足率general intangible一般无形物geographic distance地理上的距离German Insolvency Act德国破产法global leasing industry全球租赁业global survey全球调查globalization全球化goods货物goodwill商誉governmental agency政府（指定的）代理机构governmental body政府机构governmental fund政府基金governmental taking政府征用GPTD(gross profit tax deferral)毛利税递延grantor trust委托人信托grantors委托人grantor授予人growth rate增长率guaranteed residual value有担保的残值guarantee担保hallmark印记hardware硬件harmonization(在有着不同法规情况下的)协调headings标题health care merchant fund incorporation 保健商融资公司health care receivables保健应收款health care services保健服务healthcare provider保健提供者heavy maintenance大修hedge against inflation抵御通涨hedge套期保值helicopters直升机hell-or high water clauses绝对责任条款high technology leasing高技术租赁hire purchase agreement租购协议hire purchase contracts租购合同hirer租入人holders持有人homogeneity同质性hospitalization（到）医院治疗hours of use（设备的）使用小时hurdle rate最低可接受费率IAS(International Accounting Standard) 17国际会计准则17 租赁IDC(initial direct costs)初始直接费用identification确认idle capacity闲置的能力IFC(International Finance Corporation)国际金融公司illness疾病illustration演示精品文库immaterial items非实质性事项immediately available fund立即可以得到的资金impairment of assets资产减损implementation执行implicit interest rate隐含利率implied acceptance默认接受implied warranty or guarantee 暗示的担保in-bound leases进口租赁inception of the lease租赁协议开始日income and expense recognition收入和支出的确认income statement损益表income tax所得税incremental borrowing rate of interest新增借款利率incurrance of an obligation义务的承担indebtedness欠款indemnification赔偿indemnify保护indenture trustee契约受托人independent director独立董事indexed rate指数利率（指跟着某个基准利率走的利率）index指数indirect bank leasing间接的银行租赁indirect tax间接税individual lessees个人承租人industrialization工业化industry dynamics行业动向industry lingo行话（行业内的暗语）information信息infrastructure基础设施infringement侵权in-house expertise（该公司）自有的专长initial accounting初始的会计处理initial case law初始判例法initial lease term初始的租期innovation创新in-place remarketing原地再处置input tax投入税insider transaction内部交易insolvency破产inspection findings检验结果inspection report检验报告inspection检验inspector检验员institutional finance机构融资精品文库instrument工具、文据insurance carrier承保人insurance claims保险索赔insurance coverage保险类别insurance function保险功能insurance policy保险单intangible assets无形资产intangible benefit无形权益intellectual property right知识产权intelligence gathering情报收集intentional or grossly negligent act故意的或严重疏忽的作为interest and fee income利息和收费收入interest component of scheduled payments排定进度付款的利息部分interest rate spreads利差interest rate swaps利率掉期interim real estate financing不动产过渡性融资interim rent暂行租金（在租金首付日应付的租金）intermediate twin-aisle中程双过道（指飞机）internal preference（所披露的信息严重扭曲时的）内部参考international financial leasing of equipment国际设备融资租赁international leasing community国际租赁界international registration requirement plan（飞机的）国际登记计划要求internationalization国际化Internet互联网interperiod tax allocation各期之间的税收分配invasion侵犯inventory盘存、存货清册investment company投资公司investment grade credit rating投资等级信用评级investment return投资回报investors投资人invoice发票IOSCO(International Organization of Securities Commissions)证券委员会国际组织IRC（Internal Revenue Code）（美国）国内税收法irrevocable不可撤销的IRS(Internal Revenue Service)(美国)国内税务局issue notes出立票据issuer发行人IT assets信息技术资产item项目job qualification sheet职业资格证judge法官judgement裁决judicial arena司法场所精品文库judicially-assisted repossession司法协助重新占有junk bonds垃圾债券jurisdictions司法管辖区label标记landing gear（飞机的）起落架landing着陆language（合同中的）用语large ticket asset大额资产lease application租赁申请lease fee租赁费（对租金中所含收益部分的形容）lease for movables动产租赁协议lease inception起租日lease intended as security担保意向租赁lease liabilities租赁负债lease lines of credit租赁信贷限额lease manager租赁协议管理人lease portfolio租赁协议组合lease registry租赁协议登记lease tax租赁税lease termination payment（为）提前结束（租赁协议而作的）支付lease term租赁期限lease versus purchase租还是买leased assets租赁资产leased equipment 租赁设备leased items租赁物件leased property租赁财产leasehold租赁、租借lease-in/lease-out（美国特有的为享受税收待遇而在美国企业同外国企业之间订立的）租入租出租赁协议lease-purchase financing租购融资leases租赁协议Leaseurope欧洲租赁协会leasing activities租赁业务leasing agreement租赁协议leasing arrangement租赁安排leasing company租赁公司leasing professionals租赁专业人员leasing regulation对租赁的管制leasing systems（手工的或电脑的）租赁业务管理系统leasing's share of GDP租赁占国内生产总值的份额leasing租赁legal arrangement法律安排legal consequences法律后果legal entity法人legal fees法律费精品文库legal form法律形式legal issue法律课题legal ownership法定所有权legal owner法定所有权人legal right法定权利legal risk法律风险legal status法律地位legal title法定所有权legal treatment法律处理legally empowered法律授权的legitimate business purpose合法的营业目的lenders放款人lenient terms宽松条款lessee intent承租人的意向lessee承租人lessor's internal staff出租人的内部人员lessor出租人letter of credit信用证level of collateral抵押水平leverage borrowings杠杆借款leverage ratio资本充足率leveraged lease杠杆租赁levy扣押liabilities负债liberal depreciation rules自由折旧规则license特许licensing agreements许可证协议licensing of lease activity对租赁业务的许可lien date留置日lien留置权life-limited parts（飞机上）限制其使用小时的部件limitation of liability责任限度limited ability有限能力limited liability company有限责任公司liquidated damage损失赔偿金liquidator 清算人liquidity facility流动性融通liquidity support流动性支持liquidity现金支付能力litigation诉讼loans disguised as leases伪装成租赁的贷款loan-type financing贷款型融资loan贷款lobby effort游说努力local law当地法律local statues当地法规local tax地方税location所在地lock box account锁箱账户lock box collection and sweep arrangement（银行的）锁箱和自动转存安排locomotive（铁路）机车long term rental contract长期出租合同loss containment亏损防堵loss ratio赔付率losses损失lost sales losses出租人为了再处置收回的租赁物而失去出租新的租赁物的机会所带来的损失MACRS depreciation（美国的）加速成本回收的折旧maintain reserves（飞机租赁中承租人承担的）保养准备金maintenance contract维修保养合同maintenance interval（飞机发电机的）维修间隔期maintenance policies and procedures保养方针及程序make-whole premium凑整升水managerial reporting risk（财务报告导致的）管理层报告的风险manipulation of accounting principles对会计准则的巧妙运用manufacturer subsidy（来自）制造商（的）补贴marginal tax rate边际税率market friction市场摩擦market imperfection市场的不完善market participants市场参与者market penetration市场渗透率market rates of interest市场利率market share市场份额market size市场规模market stability市场稳定性marketplace市场环境master lease illustration租赁协议正文master lease主租赁协议material facts重要事实maturity到期日means手段measurement criteria衡量标准mechanism机制memory function备忘功能mercantile-type sale商业性销售merchantability适销性(经营租赁协议中的暗示保证)merges合并merit review process事实真相检查程序middle-market leasing中级市场租赁MIGA（Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency）多边投资担保署minimum capital最低资本minimum lease payments receivable应收最小租赁付款minimum lease terms最短租赁期限minimum rental rate最低租金费率mirror-in/mirror-out principle（飞机返还时的维修状况同交付时）一模一样的原则mismatches不匹配mitigate缓解（风险）mobility移动性model模式modem“猫”（调制解调器）modification 更改monetary policy货币政策money-over-money lease钱到钱的租赁（租赁业内对融资租赁的俗称）monitoring监控monoline insurer单一险种保险人monopolies垄断部门monopoly垄断month-to-month rentals（期满但租赁物未退还时的）逐月收取的租金moratorium延缓履行mortgage loan placement抵押贷款安排motor carrier fee机动车费MPD(maintenance planning document)维修计划书MRI(magnetic resonance imaging)核磁共振成象multiple jurisdiction涉及多个司法管辖区的multi-years lease commitment多年的租赁款项承付municipal trade tax地方贸易税named owner指名的所有权人narrative report陈述式报告narrow-body aircraft窄机身飞机nascent幼稚的national independent full-service leasing rental firms全国性的独立全面服务租赁出租公司nationality国籍NCCUSL（The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws）（美国）统一州法律委员会全国会议negligence 过失nenrenewal penalties期末若不留购或不续租时的罚金net cash investment outstanding 净现金出资余额net collectible value可回收净额net earnings净收益net financed assets已融资资产净额net gain on sale of financing transactions融资交易出售的净利得net investment outstanding净出资余额net lease净租赁（指不附带任何技术服务的租赁）精品文库net margin净收益net of deferred taxes递延所得税后净额net taxable income净应税收入net value净值net worth tax净财富税network connection device网络联接器件networks网络new product family新产品系列niche market可填补空缺的市场noise 噪声nominal price 名义价格nominal purchase option名义价格购买任择权non-accrual status不应计的状态non-appropriation不得挪用non-cancellable lease不可撤销的租赁协议non-conforming equipment不合格设备non-contracting states非缔约国nondebt interest非债务利益non-delivery未交付nonexclusive remarketing firms综合性再处置公司nonexistent不存在的non-full-payout非全额支付nonlabeled program(卖主同出租人各归各的)销售计划nonoperating leasing非经营租赁non-ownership for balance sheet不在资产负债表上资本化nonpossessory pledge非占有的抵押non-recourse sale of lease receivable对租赁应收款的无追索出售non-substitution clause不得替代条款nontax lease非税收租赁(指附条件销售，其中承租人被视为税收所有权人，可对租赁资产计提折旧) normal depreciable life正常可折旧寿命normal lease常规租赁normal terminations正常结束notarization公证人的公证notary system公证制度notes secured by equipment设备抵押票据notice of termination终止（租赁的）通知number of lease payments租赁付款次数objection拒绝obligations债务obligopolies受权专营部门obligor债务人obsolescence陈旧occasional sales exemption偶然销售豁免OEC(original equipment cost)设备原值精品文库off balance sheet financing表外融资off-balance sheet securitizations资产负债表外证券化offering and sale发售和出售official tax depreciation tables官方（制订的）税收折旧表off-lease equipment退租设备offsetting claims抵销请求权omission 不作为on-condition parts（飞机上）根据具体情况决定可否使用的部件one-off program（卖主的对谁都一样的）统一销售计划one-stop shopping一站式采购one-way consumer truck rental business单程客户载重汽车出租业务operating expense事业费operating leases经营租赁协议operating leasing经营租赁operational efficiency经营效率OPIC(Oversea Private Insurance Corporation)海外私人保险公司option to buy 购买任择权option to purchase购买任择权option to renewal续租任择权options期权ordinary course常规过程ordinary trusts普通信托organizational documents机构文件original collateral初始抵押品original lease value租赁原值originating lessor作为发起人的出租人originator发起人out-bound big-ticket leasing大宗出口租赁outpatient clinic门诊诊所outright purchase直接购买outright sale直销outsourcing外包overcollateralization超额提供抵押overhaul检修owner trust所有者信托owner 所有者ownership interest所有权权益ownership leases所有权租赁（对融资租赁实质的形容）ownership retention所有权的保留ownership所有权packaging包装parameter参数parent母公司participants参与者精品文库particular withholding tax特殊预提税partnership合伙企业partners合作伙伴parts sale（再处置中的）部件出售parts 部件party identification对当事方的认定passive investment trust被动投资信托pass-through entity传递实体pattern 模式payee受款人payment amount支付金额payment due已到期应付款payment of rentals租金支付payors付款人pay-through note定付(证券)peculiar tax shelter provision of liquidation proceeds对请算得款的特定的避税规定penetration渗透per se corporations本质上的公司percentage of sales销售额的百分比perfection完善、保全performance业绩、履行periodic rate of return 期回报率peripheral（电脑的）外部设备permanent funding activities长期资金融通方式permanent funding vehicles长期性的融资工具permission允许permit执照personal property leasing动产租赁personal property tax动产税personal resume个人简历perspective（看问题的）角度physical deterioration物理性能的退化piercing the corporate veil捅破公司的面纱place of taxation纳税地placement放置capital goods, plants or other equipment (the equipment) 不动产、厂场或其它设备（设备）players参与者pledge资产抵押polarization（将目标市场定位于某类规模客户的）极化policy of insurance保险单portfolio concentration组合（中的设备类型的）集中程度portfolio(投资)组合possession占有potential conflict潜在冲突potential impairment潜在减损power by the hour leases按每月使用小时支付租金的租赁power generation发电power transmission（电、气、热的）能源传输practitioner从业者predetermined period事先确定了的期间preestablished floor预先设定的底价preface前言prefund先行融资prejudgment property recovery在法院裁决前先收回财产prejudice损害premium保费pre-paid lease payments预付的租赁付款present transfer即时转移present values现值preservation of exist bank line现有银行信贷额度的保留presumption推论pretax rate税前利率preventive maintenance预防性保养price/performance curve性能价格曲线prices indices价格指数pricing quandary定价上的左右为难pricing risk定价风险pride of ownership对所有权的满足感primary servicer主服务者prime interest rate基本利率principal office and place主营业地principal本金printer打印机prior written consent预先的书面同意prior written notice预先的书面通知priorities优先权private and public私人的或公共的private carriers私人运送人private international law国际私法private placement（对）特定对象（直接）销售private-label program（卖主同出租人联手的）销售计划privatization私有化probability概率proceedings pending未决程序proceeds进款process nexus程序关系product产品profit generation利润产生。
国际会计准则IFRS书同文
預測性財務資訊
（5項）
年報揭露 （50項）
22
資訊揭露評鑑結果
等級 第五屆 第六屆 增減家數 A+及A 53 111 +58 C及C138 65 -73
每年邀請主管機關頒獎表揚： A+級前十名 最佳進步公司
23
櫃買中心的貼心服務
針對個別公司未能得分項目，逐項個
別客製化製作參考範例及得分改善建 議，提供各上櫃公司參考，以提昇資 訊揭露品質
5
採用IFRS的好處
資訊使用者
好
處
整合集團內不同國家之子公司政策及流程
企
業
降低籌資成本(毋須依不同準則重編財務 報告) 利於與全球國家主要競爭對手之比較
提升國內外企業財務報告之可比較性
投資人
降低國內外企業財務報告之取得成本 (毋須自行設算調整)
6
我國財務會計準則之現況
1999 年起陸續修正公報，漸漸改為以 IFRS為主軸，目前大部分之會計處理已 與IFRS之精神一致，例如：
第10公報：存貨 第25號：企業合併 第34及36公報：金融商品 第35公報：資產減損 第37公報：無形資產 第39公報：股權給付
7
我國推動IFRS藍圖
2012.1.1轉換日 (IFRS 開帳資產 負債表日) 2013.1.1 IFRS開始 採用日
雙軌進行
2009
2010
2011
資訊系統配合修正
◎資訊系統應能同時符合兩套制度之運作-資料 庫、總帳、財報格式
內部控制制度配合修正
◎內部控制環境將因會計政策改變而受影響
9
公司如何因應？
請於2009年底前成立跨部門之專案小組
按季提報公司董事會-該專案小組須訂定採用
会计科目英文对照
会计科⽬英⽂对照中国会计制度科⽬英⽂对照应收票据Notes receivable应收股利Dividend receivable应收利息Interest receivable应收帐款Accounts receivable其他应收款Other receivables预付帐款Accounts prepaid期货保证⾦Future guarantee应收补贴款Allowance receivable应收出⼝退税Export drawback receivable产成品(库存商品) Finished goods待摊费⽤Prepaid and deferred expenses待处理流动资产净损失Unsettled G/L on current assets⼀年内到期的长期债权投资Long-term debenture investment falling due in a year长期投资：Long-term investment：其中:长期股权投资Including: Long term equity investment长期债权投资Long term securities investment*合并价差Incorporating price difference长期投资合计Total long-term investment固定资产原价Fixed assets-cost 固定资产净值Fixed assets-net value减：固定资产减值准备Less: Impairment of fixed assets固定资产净额Net value of fixed assets固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets⼯程物资Project material 在建⼯程Construction in Progress待处理固定资产净损失Unsettled G/L on fixed assets其中:⼟地使⽤权Including: Land use rights递延资产（长期待摊费⽤）Deferred assets其中:固定资产修理Including: Fixed assets repair固定资产改良⽀出Improvement expenditure of fixed assets其他长期资产Other long term assets其中:特准储备物资Among it: Specially approved reserving materials⽆形及其他资产合计Total intangible assets and other assets递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票款Notes payable 应付帐款Accounts payab1e预收帐款Advances from customers应付⼯资Accrued payro1l应付福利费Welfare payable应付利润(股利) Profits payab1e应交税⾦Taxes payable其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors 预提费⽤Provision for expenses 预计负债Accrued liabilities⼀年内到期的长期负债Long term liabilities due within one year其他流动负债Other current liabilities长期借款Long-term loans payable 应付债券Bonds payable长期应付款long-term accounts payable专项应付款Special accounts payable其中:特准储备资⾦Including: Special reserve fund长期负债合计Total long term liabilities递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit* 少数股东权益Minority interests实收资本(股本) Subscribed Capital国家资本National capital集体资本Collective capital法⼈资本Legal person's capital其中:国有法⼈资本Including: State-owned legal person's capital集体法⼈资本Collective legal person's capital个⼈资本Personal capital 外商资本Foreign businessmen's capital资本公积Capital surplus盈余公积surplus reserve其中:法定盈余公积Including: statutory surplus reserve公益⾦public welfare fund补充流动资本Supplementary current capital* 未确认的投资损失（以“-”号填列）Unaffirmed investment loss未分配利润Retained earnings外币报表折算差额Converted difference in Foreign Currency Statements 所有者权益合计Total shareholder's equity负债及所有者权益总计Total Liabilities & Equity现⾦Cash in hand 银⾏存款Cash in bank其他货币资⾦-外埠存款Other monetary assets - cash in other cities其他货币资⾦-银⾏本票Other monetary assets - cashier‘s check其他货币资⾦-银⾏汇票Other monetary assets - bank draft其他货币资⾦-信⽤卡Other monetary assets - credit cards其他货币资⾦-信⽤证保证⾦Other monetary assets - L/C deposit其他货币资⾦-存出投资款Other monetary assets - cash for investment 短期投资-股票投资Investments - Short term - stocks短期投资-债券投资Investments - Short term - bonds短期投资-基⾦投资Investments - Short term - funds短期投资-其他投资Investments - Short term - others短期投资跌价准备Provision for short-term investment长期股权投资-股票投资Long term equity investment - stocks长期股权投资-其他股权投资Long term equity investment - others长期债券投资-债券投资Long term securities investment - bonds长期债券投资-其他债权投资Long term securities investment - others长期投资减值准备Provision for long-term investment应收票据Notes receivable 应收股利Dividends receivable 应收利息Interest receivable 应收帐款Trade debtors 坏帐准备- 应收帐款Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors 预付帐款Prepayment 应收补贴款Allowance receivable 其他应收款Other debtors坏帐准备- 其他应收款Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors其他流动资产Other current assets物资采购Purchase 原材料Raw materials 包装物Packing materials低值易耗品Low value consumables 材料成本差异Material cost difference⾃制半成品Self-manufactured goods 库存商品Finished goods商品进销差价Difference between purchase & sales of commodities委托加⼯物资Consigned processing material委托代销商品Consignment-out 受托代销商品Consignment-in分期收款发出商品Goods on installment sales存货跌价准备Provision for obsolete stocks待摊费⽤Prepaid expenses待处理流动资产损益Unsettled G/L on current assets待处理固定资产损益Unsettled G/L on fixed assets委托贷款-本⾦Consignment loan - principle委托贷款-利息Consignment loan - interest委托贷款-减值准备Consignment loan - provision固定资产-房屋建筑物Fixed assets - Buildings固定资产-机器设备Fixed assets - Plant and machinery固定资产-电⼦设备、器具及家具Fixed assets - Electronic Equipment, furniture and fixtures固定资产-运输设备Fixed assets - Automobiles累计折旧Accumulated depreciation 固定资产减值准备Impairment of fixed assets⼯程物资-专⽤材料Project material - specific materials⼯程物资-专⽤设备Project material - specific equipment⼯程物资-预付⼤型设备款Project material - prepaid for equipment⼯程物资-为⽣产准备的⼯具及器具Project material - tools and facilities for production在建⼯程Construction in progress 在建⼯程减值准备Impairment of construction in progress 固定资产清理Disposal of fixed assets⽆形资产-专利权Intangible assets - patent⽆形资产-⾮专利技术Intangible assets - industrial property and know-how⽆形资产-商标权Intangible assets - trademark rights⽆形资产-⼟地使⽤权Intangible assets - land use rights⽆形资产-商誉Intangible assets - goodwill ⽆形资产减值准备Impairment of intangible assets 长期待摊费⽤Deferred assets 未确认融资费⽤Unrecognized finance fees其他长期资产Other long term assets 递延税款借项Deferred assets debits应付票据Notes payable 应付帐款Trade creditors 预收帐款Advances from customers代销商品款Consignment-in payables 其他应交款Other payable to government其他应付款Other creditors 应付股利Proposed dividends待转资产价值Donated assets 预计负债Accrued liabilities应付短期债券Short-term debentures payable预提费⽤Accrued expenses 应付⼯资Payroll payable 应付福利费Welfare payable短期借款-抵押借款Bank loans - Short term - pledged短期借款-信⽤借款Bank loans - Short term - credit短期借款-担保借款Bank loans - Short term - guaranteed⼀年内到期长期借款Long term loans due within one year⼀年内到期长期应付款Long term payable due within one year长期借款Bank loans - Long term应付债券-债券⾯值Bond payable - Par value应付债券-债券溢价Bond payable - Excess应付债券-债券折价Bond payable - Discount应付债券-应计利息Bond payable - Accrued interest长期应付款Long term payable专项应付款Specific payable其他长期负债Other long term liabilities应交税⾦-所得税Tax payable - income tax应交税⾦-增值税Tax payable - VAT应交税⾦-营业税Tax payable - business tax应交税⾦-消费税Tax payable - consumable tax应交税⾦-其他Tax payable - others递延税款贷项Deferred taxation credit股本Share capital 已归还投资Investment returned利润分配-其他转⼊Profit appropriation - other transfer in利润分配-提取法定盈余公积Profit appropriation - statutory surplus reserve利润分配-提取法定公益⾦Profit appropriation - statutory welfare reserve利润分配-提取储备基⾦Profit appropriation - reserve fund利润分配-提取企业发展基⾦Profit appropriation - enterprise development fund利润分配-提取职⼯奖励及福利基⾦Profit appropriation - staff bonus and welfare fund利润分配-利润归还投资Profit appropriation - return investment by profit利润分配-应付优先股股利Profit appropriation - preference shares dividends利润分配-提取任意盈余公积Profit appropriation - other surplus reserve利润分配-应付普通股股利Profit appropriation - ordinary shares dividends利润分配-转作股本的普通股股利Profit appropriation-ordinary shares dividends converted to shares 期初未分配利润Retained earnings, beginning of the year资本公积-股本溢价Capital surplus - share premium资本公积-接受捐赠⾮现⾦资产准备Capital surplus - donation reserve资本公积-接受现⾦捐赠Capital surplus - cash donation资本公积-股权投资准备Capital surplus - investment reserve资本公积-拨款转⼊Capital surplus - subsidiary资本公积-外币资本折算差额Capital surplus - foreign currency translation资本公积-其他Capital surplus - others盈余公积-法定盈余公积⾦Surplus reserve - statutory surplus reserve盈余公积-任意盈余公积⾦Surplus reserve - other surplus reserve盈余公积-法定公益⾦Surplus reserve - statutory welfare reserve盈余公积-储备基⾦Surplus reserve - reserve fund盈余公积-企业发展基⾦Surplus reserve - enterprise development fund盈余公积-利润归还投资Surplus reserve - returned investment by investment主营业务收⼊Sales 主营业务成本Cost of sales 主营业务税⾦及附加Sales tax营业费⽤Operating expenses 管理费⽤General and administrative expenses财务费⽤Financial expenses 投资收益Investment income其他业务收⼊Other operating income营业外收⼊Non-operating income 补贴收⼊Subsidy income其他业务⽀出Other operating expenses 营业外⽀出Non-operating expenses所得税Income tax⽆形资产减值准备(本地) Provision-impairment loss-intangi. Asset(LOCAL)经营活动长期待摊费⽤Long term operating deferred expenses短期借款-财务公司Short-term loan - SAIC Finance⽆发票物料应付款项Payable for material without invoice应付帐款-寄售Consignment payables应付账款-国内Accounts payable-domestic应付账款-国外Accounts payable-foreign应付账款-关联公司Accounts payable associated companies预收账款Downpayment received应付⼯资-上年结转Salary payable to employee-prior year应付⼯资-应计Accrual salary expenses应付福利费-应计Accrued welfare expenses应交增值税-进项税额Input VAT应交增值税-已交税⾦VAT paid应交增值税-转出未交增值税Transfer-out of unpaid VAT应交增值税-减免税款VAT deductions and exemptions应交增值税-销项税额Output VAT应交增值税-出⼝退税Refund of export VAT应交增值税-进项税额转出Transfer-out of input VAT应交增值税-出⼝抵减内销产品应纳税Export duty deductible-domestic sales 应交增值税-转出多交增值税Transfer-out of overpaid VAT应交增值税-未交增值税Unpaid VAT预付帐款-存货downpayment made for inventories在途物资Goods in transit原材料-铝Raw Material - Aluminium原材料-其他BOM外辅料Auxiliary materials not in BOM包装材料-已列⼊物料清单Packaging Material in BOM包装材料-未列⼊物料清单Packaging Material not in BOM低值易耗品-消耗品LVA-expendable items半成品Semi-finished goods在制品(⽣产定单) Work in process(production orders)产成品Finished goods外购商品Trading goods存货跌价准备-材料Provision-value decline of material存货跌价准备-半成品Provision-value decline of semi-finished存货跌价准备-产成品Provision-value decline of finished good发出商品Goods sent out待摊费⽤Deferred expenses机械及设备租赁(IFRS) Machinery and equipment lease (IFRS)机械及设备(IFRS) Machinery and equipment (IFRS)应交消费税excise tax payable应交所得税income tax payable应交车船使⽤税vehicle tax payable应交个⼈所得税(代扣代缴) Individual Income tax payable应交关税Custom Duty payable其他应交款-河道管理费riverway management charges其他应付款项-公积⾦，养⽼⾦other payables-housing fund其他应付款项-教育基⾦other payables-training funds其他应付款项-医疗保险other payables-medical insurance其他应付款项-失业保险other payables-unemployment insurance其他应付款项-⼯会经费other payables-trade union其他应付款项-其他(员⼯) other liabilities to employees其他投资活动应付款other payable for investing activities预提费⽤-利息费⽤Accrued interest expense预提费⽤-维修费Accrual-maintenance预提费⽤-技术开发费Accrual-royalties and developing expense预提费⽤-租赁费Accrual-leasing expense预提费⽤-产品质保三包费⽤Accrual-warranty expense__________________⼀年内到期的长期借款Long-term loan due within one year应付融资租赁款项(IFRS) Payable for capital leasing(IFRS)应付融资租赁款项(本地) Payable for capital leasing(Local)股本capital stock资本公积-其他资本公积other capital reserve盈余公积-法定公积legal surplusreserve盈余公积-任意公积discretionary surplusreserve盈余公积-法定公益⾦statutory public welfare fund留存收益retained earning利润分配-其他转⼊profit allocation-transfered from others利润分配-提取法定盈余公积profit allocation-legal surplus reserves利润分配-提取法定公益⾦profit allocation-statutory welfare fund利润分配-提取职⼯奖励及福利基⾦profit allocation-emplyee welfare fund 利润分配-提取任意盈余公积profit allocation-discretionary surplus reserve 利润分配-应付普通股股利profit allocation-dividend payable利润分配-转作资本profit allocation-transfer into capital本年利润undistributed profit损益类：原材料消耗-其他组件Raw material consumption-Other component列⼊物料清单内包装材料消耗Consumption packaging material in BOM 半成品消耗Consumption semi-finished goods物料差异Material variance采购价格差异Purchasing price variance物料⽤量差异Material usage variance报废原材料-其他组件Scrap Raw Material Other Components报废已列⼊物料清单包装材料Scrapping Packaging Material in BOM报废半成品Scrapping semi-finished goods完⼯结转(⽣产订单) Manufacturing output半成品库存变动(委外结转) Inventory change unfinished good(w/o CE)⽣产产出差异manufacturing output variance外部加⼯费(委外) External processing cost(without time)外协加⼯⼯序Extended work bench能源-电费energy-electricity能源-天然⽓费energy-natural gas能源-⽔费energy-water能源-汽油及其他油类energy-gasoline and oil直接⼈⼯-岗位⼯资Direct labor post salary直接⼈⼯-绩效⼯资及奖⾦Direct labor-Bonus wages直接⼈⼯-加班费Direct labor-Overtime premiums直接⼈⼯-社保费⽤及法定津贴Direct labor-Statutory social expense预提直接⼈⼯费⽤Accrual expenses - wages直接⼈⼯福利费-伙⾷费⽤及补贴wages welfare - expensesfor food直接⼈⼯福利费-托费wages welfare - subsidy for kindergarten直接⼈⼯福利费-⼦⼥及家庭补贴wages welfare - subsidy for bady,family 直接⼈⼯福利费-职⼯疗养费wages welfare -employee recuperate直接⼈⼯福利费-医务⼈员⼯资wages welfare-salary infirmary employee 直接⼈⼯福利费-医药费⽤及补贴wages welfare -medical expenses直接⼈⼯福利费-其他wages welfare - others直接⼈⼯福利费-补充养⽼⾦wages welfare - additional pension预提直接⼈⼯福利费Accrual expenses - wages welfare管理⼈员--加班费Salary-overtime premiums管理⼈员--绩效⼯资及奖⾦Salary-bonus salary管理⼈员-岗位⼯资Salary-post salary管理⼈员--社保费⽤及法定津贴Salary-Social security payments预提管理⼈员⼯资Accrual expense- salary管理⼈员福利费-伙⾷费⽤及补贴salary welfare-expenses for food管理⼈员福利费-托费salary welfare-subsidy for kindergarten管理⼈员福利费-⼦⼥及家庭补贴salary welfare-subsidy for family管理⼈员福利费-职⼯疗养费salary welfare-employee recuperate管理⼈员福利费-医务⼈员⼯资salary welfare-salaryinfirmary employees 管理⼈员福利费-医药费⽤及补贴salary welfare-medical expenses管理⼈员福利费-其他salary welfare-others管理⼈员福利费-补充养⽼⾦additional pension预提管理⼈员福利费Accrual expense- salary welfare外⽅⼈员⼯资Expatriate salary交通补贴Transportation allowance班车费Company bus expenses⼯会费Trade union expense培训费Training expense⽣产类劳务费personal leasing expenses production失业保险费unemployment insurance expense公积⾦housing fund劳动保护费labor protection expense培训费training expense医疗保险费medical insurance养⽼⾦Pension费⽤⼯报酬back staff expenses折旧(IFRS) Depreciation on tangible assets(IFRS)__________________⽆形资产摊销(本地) Depreciation on intangible assets(local)机器及设备维修费Machinery and equipment maintenance运输费(进货) -国内Incoming freight-domestic运输费(进货) -国外Incoming freight- foreign运输费(内部) Interplant freight运费(出货)-国内Outgoing freights domestic运费(出货)-国外outgoing freight - foreign保险Insurance⼟地租赁费leasing(land)仓库及房屋租赁费leasing storage & building办公设备租赁费leasing office equipment机械及设备租赁费leasing machinery and equipment消耗-未列⼊物料清单包装材料Consumption Package Material not in BOM 消耗-易耗品Consumption Expendable Items 消耗-备件Comsumption Spare parts消耗-未列⼊物料清单辅料Consumption aux.material not in BOM其他低值易耗品spare part and small tools润滑剂消耗Lubricant报废-未列⼊物料清单包装材料Scrap packaing material not in BOM报废-易耗品Scrap expendable items报废-备件Scrap spare parts报废-未列⼊物料清单辅料Scrap aux.material not in BOM办公⽤品Office supplies产成品领⽤(⾮销售) Consumption finished goods(cost element)差旅费travel expenses交通费traffic and commuting expenses domestic业务招待费business entertainment出国差旅费travel expenses for abroad trip会议费cost external entertainment试验检验费Testing expense其他外部服务费⽤Other external service咨询费consulting fee佣⾦commision包装费packaging expenses展览费exhibition expenses⼴告费advertisement expenses产品质保三包费⽤-⼀般费⽤warranty general产品质保三包费⽤-预提费⽤provision for warranty其他费⽤other expenses企业宣传费corporate publicity expenses⼚区维护费building maintenance车船使⽤税vehicle tax税费(印花税) fees and tax(stamp duty)河道管理费fees for riverway坏帐准备provisions-bad debt存货跌价准备provisions-decline in value of inventory存货盘亏Loss-inventory differences存货盘盈Gain-inventory differences招聘费recruiting cost解聘费termination expense邮递费postage expense通讯费telecommunication expenses汇兑损失Loss from exchange rate difference汇兑收益Gain from exchange rate difference银⾏⼿续费bank commission银⾏利息⽀出Interest payments for long term loans银⾏利息收⼊-其他Interest income from other funds银⾏利息收⼊-短期Interest Income short term funds营业外⽀出-固定资产处置(IFRS) Loss-disposal/sale of fixed asset(IFRS)营业外⽀出-固定资产处置(本地) Loss-disposal/sale of fixed asset(local)营业外⽀出-固定资产报废盘亏损失(IFRS) Loss resulting from scraped asset(IFRS) 营业外⽀出-固定资产报废盘亏损失(本地) Loss resulting from scraped asset(local) 营业外⽀出-罚款⽀出penalty expenses营业外⽀出-捐赠⽀出Charitable Contributions营业外⽀出-固定资产减值准备provision-impairment loss on fixed asset⾮常损失Extraordinary expenses主营业务收⼊sales revenue其他业务收⼊-贸易商品销售Trading goods sales其他业务收⼊-模具收⼊revenue-reimburse tooling cost其他业务收⼊- 技术开发收⼊revenue-reimburse development cost其他业务收⼊-包装收⼊packaging revenue其他业务收⼊-运输收⼊transport revenue其他业务收⼊-废品出售scrap revenue其他业务收⼊-其他other revenue其他业务收⼊-租赁收⼊rental revenue__________________营业外收⼊-固定资产处置(IFRS) Gain-fixed assets disposal/sale(IFRS)营业外收⼊-固定资产处置(本地) Gain-fixed assets disposal/sale(local)营业外收⼊-固定资产盘盈及升值(IFRS) Revenue from Write-up (IFRS)营业外收⼊-固定资产盘盈及升值(本地) Revenue from Write-up (local)营业外收⼊-资产出售Revenue from Asset Sale资产出售收⼊结转Revenue clearing account Asset Sale营业外收⼊-其他Other non-operating income主营业务成本-产品成本Cost of goods sold(no cost element)主营业务成本-成本差异variance settlement(no cost element)其他业务⽀出-贸易商品tranding goods consumption其他业务⽀出-营业税business tax产成品报废Scrapping finished goods贸易商品报废Trading goods scrap未实现汇兑损失loss-unrealized exchange rate differences未实现汇兑收益Gain from unrealized exchange rate differences 所得税income tax其他业务⽀出Cost for other business__________________Accounting system 会计系统American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Audit 审计Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记Cash flow prospects 现⾦流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计External users 外部使⽤者Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准则委员会Financial forecast 财务预测Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原则General-purpose information 通⽤⽬的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室Income statement 损益表Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 管理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收⼊署Internal users 内部使⽤者Management accounting 管理会计Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资报酬Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow 现⾦流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表Tax accounting 税务会计Accounting equation 会计等式Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本Corporation 公司Cost principle 成本原则Creditor 债权⼈Deflation 通货紧缩Disclosure 批露Expenses 费⽤Financial statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动Going-concern assumption 持续经营假设Inflation 通货膨涨Investing activities 投资活动Liabilities 负债Negative cash flow 负现⾦流量Operating activities 经营活动Owner's equity 所有者权益Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现⾦流量Retained earning 留存利润Revenue 收⼊Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能⼒Stable-dollar assumption 稳定货币假设Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益Window dressing 门⾯粉饰Account 帐会计与财务词汇a payment or serious payments ⼀次或多次付款abatement 扣减absolute and unconditional payments 绝对和⽆条件付款accelerated payment 加速⽀付acceptance date 接受⽇acceptance 接受accession 加⼊accessories 附属设备accountability 承担责任的程度accounting benefits 会计利益accounting period 会计期间accounting policies 会计政策accounting principle 会计准则accounting treatment 会计处理accounts receivables 应收账款accounts 账项accredited investors 经备案的投资⼈accumulated allowance 累计准备⾦acknowledgement requirement 对承认的要求acquisition of assets 资产的取得acquisitions 兼并Act on Product Liability （德国）⽣产责任法action 诉讼actual ownership 事实上的所有权additional filings 补充备案additional margin 附加利差additional risk附加风险additions （设备的）附件adjusted tax basis 已调整税基adjustment of yield 对收益的调整administrative fee管理费Administrative Law（美国）⾏政法advance notice 事先通知advance 放款adverse tax consequences 不利的税收后果advertising 做⼴告affiliated group 联合团体affiliate 附属机构African Leasing Association ⾮洲租赁协会after-tax rate 税后利率aggregate rents 合计租⾦aggregate risk 合计风险agreement concerning rights of explore natural resources 涉及⾃然资源开发权的协议agreement 协议alliances 联盟allocation of finance income 财务收益分配allowance for losses on receivables 应收款损失备抵⾦alternative uses 改换⽤途地使⽤amenability to foreign investment 外国投资的易受控制程度amendment 修改amortization of deferred loan fees and related consideration 递延的贷款费和相关的报酬的摊销amortization schedule 摊销进度表amortize 摊销amount of recourse 求偿⾦额amount of usage 使⽤量AMT (Alternative Minimum Tax) （美国）可替代最低税analogous to类推为annual budget appropriation 年度预算拨款appendix （契约性⽂件的）附件applicable law 适⽤法律applicable securities laws适⽤的证券法律applicable tax life 适⽤的应纳税寿命appraisal 评估appraisers 评估⼈员appreciation 溢价appropriation provisions 拨款条例appropriation 侵占approval authority 核准权approval 核准approximation近似arbitrary and artificially high value (承租⼈违约出租⼈收回租赁物时法官判决的)任意的和⼈为抬⾼的价值arbitration 仲裁arm's length transaction 公平交易arrangement 安排arrest 扣留Article 2A 美国统⼀商法典关于法定融资租赁的条款articles of incorporation 公司章程AsiaLeaae 亚洲租赁协会assess 评估asset manager 设备经理asset risk insurance 资产风险保险asset securitization 资产证券化asset specificity 资产特点asset tracking 资产跟踪asset-backed financing 资产⽀持型融资asset-based lessor ⽴⾜于资产的出租⼈asset-oriented lessor (经营租赁中的)资产导向型出租⼈asset 资产assignee 受让⼈assignment 让与association 社团at the expiry 期限届满时ATT (automatic transfer of title) 所有权⾃动转移attachments 附着物attributes 属性auction sale 拍卖audits 审计authenticate 认证authentication 证实authority 当局authorize 认可availability of fixed rate medium-term financing 固定利率中期融资可得到的程度available-for-sale securities 正供出售证券average life 平均寿命average managed net financed assets 所管理的已筹资⾦资产净额平均值backed-up servicer 替补服务者balance sheet date 资产负债表⽇bandwidth 带宽bank affiliates 银⾏的下属机构bank quote 银⾏报价bankruptcy cost 破产成本bankruptcy court 破产法院bankruptcy law 破产法bankruptcy proceedings 破产程序bankruptcy 破产bareboat charterer 光船承租⼈bargain renewal option廉价续租任择权basic earnings per share每股基本收益basic rent基本租⾦（各期应付的租⾦）beneficiaries受益⼈big-ticket items⼤额项⽬bill and collect开票和收款binding agreement有约束⼒的协议blind vendor discount卖主暗扣bluebook蓝⽪书（美国⼆⼿市场设备价格⼿册）book income账⾯收⼊book loses账⾯亏损borrower借款⼈BPO(bargain purchase option)廉价购买任择权bridge facility桥式融通bridge桥梁broker fee经纪⼈费brokers经纪⼈build-to-suit leases（租赁物由承租⼈）承建或承造的租赁协议bulldozer推⼟机bundled additional services捆绑（在⼀起的）附加服务bundling捆绑（服务）business acquisition业务收购business and occupation tax营业及开业许可税business generation业务开发business trust商业信托by(e)-laws细则byte字节的中国会计科⽬中英⽂对照代码名称1 科⽬代码会计科⽬英⽂⼀、资产类Assets流动资产Current assets货币资⾦Cash and cash equivalents1001 现⾦Cash1002 银⾏存款Cash in bank1009 其他货币资⾦Other cash and cash equivalents'100901 外埠存款Other city Cash in bank'100902 银⾏本票Cashier's cheque'100903 银⾏汇票Bank draft'100904 信⽤卡Credit card'100905 信⽤证保证⾦L/C Guarantee deposits'100906 存出投资款Refundable deposits1101 短期投资Short-term investments'110101 股票Short-term investments - stock'110102 债券Short-term investments - corporate bonds'110103 基⾦Short-term investments - corporate funds'110110 其他Short-term investments - other1102 短期投资跌价准备Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款Account receivable1111 应收票据Note receivable银⾏承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance1121 应收股利Dividend receivable1122 应收利息Interest receivable1131 应收账款Account receivable1133 其他应收款Other notes receivable1141 坏账准备Bad debt reserves1151 预付账款Advance money1161 应收补贴款Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable库存资产Inventories1201 物资采购Supplies purchasing1211 原材料Raw materials1221 包装物Wrappage1231 低值易耗品Low-value consumption goods1232 材料成本差异Materials cost variance1241 ⾃制半成品Semi-Finished goods1243 库存商品Finished goods1244 商品进销差价Differences between purchasing and selling price1251 委托加⼯物资Work in process - outsourced1261 委托代销商品Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis1271 受托代销商品Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 1281 存货跌价准备Inventory falling price reserves1291 分期收款发出商品Collect money and send out the goods by stages 1301 待摊费⽤Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资Long-term investment1401 长期股权投资Long-term investment on stocks'140101 股票投资Investment on stocks'140102 其他股权投资Other investment on stocks1402 长期债权投资Long-term investment on bonds'140201 债券投资Investment on bonds'140202 其他债权投资Other investment on bonds1421 长期投资减值准备Long-term investments depreciation reserves股权投资减值准备Stock rights investment depreciation reserves债权投资减值准备Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves1431 委托贷款Entrust loans'143101 本⾦Principal'143102 利息Interest'143103 减值准备Depreciation reserves1501 固定资产Fixed assets房屋Building建筑物Structure机器设备Machinery equipment运输设备Transportation facilities⼯具器具Instruments and implement1502 累计折旧Accumulated depreciation1505 固定资产减值准备Fixed assets depreciation reserves房屋、建筑物减值准备Building/structure depreciation reserves机器设备减值准备Machinery equipment depreciation reserves1601 ⼯程物资Project goods and material'160101 专⽤材料Special-purpose material'160102 专⽤设备Special-purpose equipment'160103 预付⼤型设备款Prepayments for equipment'160104 为⽣产准备的⼯具及器具Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 1603 在建⼯程Construction-in-process 安装⼯程Erection works在安装设备Erecting equipment-in-process技术改造⼯程Technical innovation project⼤修理⼯程General overhaul project1605 在建⼯程减值准备Construction-in-process depreciation reserves1701 固定资产清理Liquidation of fixed assets1801 ⽆形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents⾮专利技术Non-Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights⼟地使⽤权Tenure商誉Goodwill1805 ⽆形资产减值准备Intangible Assets depreciation reserves专利权减值准备Patent rights depreciation reserves商标权减值准备trademark rights depreciation reserves1815 未确认融资费⽤Unacknowledged financial charges待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income1901 长期待摊费⽤Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses1911 待处理财产损溢Wait deal assets loss or income'191101待处理流动资产损溢Wait deal intangible assets loss or income'191102待处理固定资产损溢Wait deal fixed assets loss or income⼆、负债类Liability短期负债Current liability2101 短期借款Short-term borrowing2111 应付票据Notes payable银⾏承兑汇票Bank acceptance商业承兑汇票Trade acceptance2121 应付账款Account payable2131 预收账款Deposit received2141 代销商品款Proxy sale goods revenue2151 应付⼯资Accrued wages2153 应付福利费Accrued welfarism2161 应付股利Dividends payable2171 应交税⾦Tax payable'217101 应交增值税value added tax payable'21710101 进项税额Withholdings on V AT'21710102 已交税⾦Paying tax'21710103 转出未交增值税Unpaid V AT changeover'21710104 减免税款Tax deduction'21710105 销项税额Substituted money on V AT'21710106 出⼝退税Tax reimbursement for export'21710107 进项税额转出Changeover withnoldings on VAT'21710108 出⼝抵减内销产品应纳税额Export deduct domestic sales goods tax '21710109 转出多交增值税Overpaid V AT changeover'21710110 未交增值税Unpaid V AT'217102 应交营业税Business tax payable'217103 应交消费税Consumption tax payable'217104 应交资源税Resources tax payable'217105 应交所得税Income tax payable'217106 应交⼟地增值税Increment tax on land value payable'217107 应交城市维护建设税Tax for maintaining and building cities payable'217108 应交房产税Housing property tax payable'217109 应交⼟地使⽤税Tenure tax payable'217110 应交车船使⽤税Vehicle and vessel usage license plate tax(VVULPT) payable '217111 应交个⼈所得税Personal income tax payable2176 其他应交款Other fund in conformity with paying2181 其他应付款Other payables2191 预提费⽤Drawing expense in advance其他负债Other liabilities2201 待转资产价值Pending changerover assets value2211 预计负债Anticipation liabilities长期负债Long-term Liabilities2301 长期借款Long-term loans⼀年内到期的长期借款Long-term loans due within one year⼀年后到期的长期借款Long-term loans due over one year2311 应付债券Bonds payable'231101 债券⾯值Face value, Par value'231102 债券溢价Premium on bonds'231103 债券折价Discount on bonds'231104 应计利息Accrued interest2321 长期应付款Long-term account payable应付融资租赁款Accrued financial lease outlay⼀年内到期的长期应付Long-term account payable due within one year⼀年后到期的长期应付Long-term account payable over one year2331 专项应付款Special payable⼀年内到期的专项应付Long-term special payable due within one year⼀年后到期的专项应付Long-term special payable over one year2341 递延税款Deferral taxes三、所有者权益类OWNERS' EQUITY资本Capita3101 实收资本(或股本) Paid-up capital(or stock)实收资本Paicl-up capital实收股本Paid-up stock3103 已归还投资Investment Returned。
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存貨會計 投資關聯企業之會計 會計收益 會計模式 會計期間 會計政策、會計估計變動及錯誤
會計政策 會計原則 會計利潤 會計紀錄 會計處理 應收帳款 應計基礎 應計基礎會計 應計負債 累計(攤銷、利息、損益)
累計損益 累積帶薪假 達成可比性 (被)收購(之)個體 收購(之)商譽
date] 50 adjustment 51 Administrative expenses 52 Admission fees 53 Advance 54 adverse economic consequences 55 adverse event 56 After-tax amount 57 Agency 58 Aggregate 59 Aggregation 60 Agreement date 61 Agricultural activity 62 Agricultural produce 63 Agriculture 64 Allocation
4
「重要會計用語中英對照」
Item
Term in English
134 Bottom-up test 135 business 136 Business combination 137 business combination involving entities or
businesses under common control 138 Business Combinations 139 Business Combinations – “Date of
Term in Chinese
關聯企業 查核報告 核准(發布財務報表) 備供出售金融資產 資產負債表 資產負債表日 資產負債表負債法 銀行 銀行透支 破產 廉價購買 基本每股盈餘 認列基礎調整 結論基礎 基點 標竿處理 有利合約 效益/ 利益/ 福利 福利義務 對使用者之效益 最佳估計 偏誤 投標保證 買方報價/ 買價 買賣價差 具約束力之銷售協議 二項式 生物資產 生物轉化 Black-Scholes-Merton公式 董事會 分紅配股 分紅計畫 合約組合 帳面價值 借款成本
2
「重要會計用語中英對照」
Item
Term in English
65 Allowance 66 allowance account 67 Allowed alternative treatment 68 American share option 69 Amortisation 70 Amortisation method 71 Amortisation period 72 Amortised cost 73 Amortised cost of a financial asset or
1
「重要會計用語中英對照」
Item
Term in English
31 acquired in a business combination 32 Acquiree 33 Acquirer 34 Acquisition 35 acquisition date 36 Active market 37 active use 38 actively marketed 39 Actuarial assumptions 40 Actuarial gains and losses 41 Actuarial present value of promised
Exchange” and Fair Value of Equity Instruments 140 Business Combinations - Classification either as Acquisitions or Unitings of Interests 141 Business Combinations - Subsequent Adjustment of Fair Values and Goodwill Initially Reported 142 Business segment 143 Business unit 144 Buying segment 145 By-product 146 Call options 147 Callable 148 Cap 149 cap and trade scheme 150 Capital 151 capital appreciation 152 Capital asset pricing model 153 Capital contribution 154 Capital expenditure 155 Capital gain 156 Capital maintenance 157 Capital maintenance adjustment 158 Capitalisation 159 Capitalisation of interest 160 capped interest rate 161 Carried at cost 162 Carry forward
分析 年休假 年度 年金受益人 每年定期給付 年金 反稀釋 反稀釋 附錄 規定之應用 應用補充 估價 公平交易 賣方報價/ 賣價 評估/評量 資產 資產交換交易 取得之資產 長期員工福利基金所持有之資產
不再積極使用之資產
3
「重要會計用語中英對照」
Item
Term in English
98 Associate 99 Audit report 100 Authorise [financial statements for issue] 101 Available-for-sale financial assets 102 Balance sheet 103 Balance sheet date 104 Balance sheet liability method 105 Bank 106 Bank overdraft 107 Bankruptcy 108 bargain purchase 109 Basic earnings per share 110 basis adjustment 111 Basis for Conclusions 112 basis point 113 Benchmark treatment 114 beneficial contracts 115 Benefit 116 Benefit obligation 117 Benefit to users 118 Best estimate 119 Bias 120 Bid bonds 121 Bid price 122 bid-ask spread 123 Binding sale agreement 124 binomial 125 Biological asset 126 Biological transformation 127 Black-Scholes-Merton formula 128 Board of directors 129 Bonus issue 130 Bonus plan 131 book of contracts 132 Book value 133 Borrowing costs
financial liability 74 amount of inventories 75 amount payable 76 Amount per share 77 Amounts recognised [in the balance sheet
and income statement] 78 Analysis 79 Annual leave 80 Annual periods 81 annuitant 82 annuitisation 83 annuity 84 Antidilution 85 Antidilutive 86 Appendix 87 Application of Requirements 88 application supplement 89 appraisal 90 Arm’s length transaction 91 Asking price 92 Assess 93 Asset 94 asset exchange transactions 95 Assets acquired 96 Assets held by a long-term employee
Accounting Estimates and Errors 16 Accounting policy 17 Accounting principle 18 Accounting profit 19 Accounting record 20 Accounting treatment 21 Accounts receivable 22 Accrual basis 23 Accrual basis of accounting 24 Accrued liabilities 25 Accumulated (amortisation, interest, profit
Term in Chinese 企業合併所取得 被收購者 收購者 收購/ 取得 收購日 活絡市場 積極使用 積極行銷 精算假設 精算損益 已承諾退休福利之精算現值
精算評價 精算評價方法 額外比較資訊 額外對價 額外揭露 合併程序之調整 調整後加權平均股數 調整事項(於資產負債表日後)
調整 管理費用 入場費 預付款/墊款 不利之經濟後果 不利事件 稅後金額 代理機構 彙總/ 彙總數 彙總 協議日 農業活動 農產品 農業 分攤
「重要會計用語中英對照」
Item
Term in English
1 [Amount] recoverable 2 ‘Corridor’ 3 ‘Cost of sales’ method 4 Acceptable under IFRSs 5 Accountability of management 6 Accounting 7 Accounting and Reporting by Retirement
Benefit Plans 8 Accounting estimate 9 Accounting for Government Grants and