2018学年上海市西南模范9A初三9月28周测卷(含解析)
2018-2019学年上海市西南模范初三数学10月月考试题
2018西南模范初三月考卷一、选择题1.在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,4AB =,3AC =,那么下列各式中正确的是( )A .3sin 4A =B .3cos 4A =C .3tan 4A =D .3cos 4A = 2.已知在ABC ∆中,点D 、E 、F 分别在边AB 、AC 和BC 上,且DE BC ,DF AC ,那么下列比例式中,正确的是( )A .AE DE EC BC =B .AE CF EC FB = C .DF DE AC BC =D .EC FC AC BC= 3.已知在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,A ∠、B ∠、C ∠的对边分别是a 、b 、c ,则下列关系式错误的是( )A .tan a b A = B .cos b c A = C .sin a c A = D .sin b c A =4.如图,平行四边形ABCD 中,过点B 的直线与对角线AC 、边AD 分别交于点E 和F ,过点E 作EG BC ,交AB 于G ,则图中相似三角形有( )A .7对B .6对C .5对D .4对5.如图,在ABC ∆中,DE BC ,若23AD DB =,则:ADE BEC S S ∆∆等于( )A .2:15B .4:15C .4:9D .3:156.下列命题中,错误命题的个数有( )①如图,若AB DE BC EF =,则AD BE CF ;②已知一个单位向量e ,设a 是非零向量,则1||a e a =; ③在ABC ∆中,D 在AB 边上,E 在AC 边上,且ADE ∆和ABC ∆相似,若3AD =,6DB =,5AC =,则它们的相似比为13或35;④在ABC ∆中,AB =2AC =,BC 边上的高AD =4BC =,30B ∠=︒.A .4个B .3个C .2个D .1个 二、填空题7.在比例尺为1:50000的地图上,某地区的图上面积为20平方厘米,则实际面积为__________平方千米.8.在ABC ∆中,2cos (1cot )0A B -=,则ABC ∆的形状是__________. 9.α是锐角,若sin cos15α=︒,则α=___________.10.如图,梯形ABCD 中,AD BC ,E 、F 分别是AB 、CD 上的点,且EF BC ,53AE BC BE AD ==,若AB a =,DC b =,则向量EF 可用a 、b 表示为______________.11.如图,在ABC ∆中,点D 是AB 的黄金分割点(AD BD >),BC AD =,如果90ACD ∠=︒,那么tan A =____________.12.如图AD 是ABC ∆的中线,E 是AD 上一点,且13AE AD =,CE 的延长线交AB 于点F ,若 1.2AF =,则AB =______________.13.如图所示,在ABC ∆中,DE AB FG ,且FG 到DE 、AB 的距离之比为1:2,若ABC ∆的面积为32,CDE ∆的面积为2,则CFG ∆的面积S =___________.14.在ABC ∆中,3AB =,4AC =,ABC ∆绕着点A 旋转后能与AB C ''∆重合,那么ABB '∆与ACC '∆的周长之比为___________.15.如图,ABC ∆中,AB AC =,AD BC ⊥于D ,AE EC =,18AD =,15BE =,tan EBC ∠=____________.16.如图,AC 是高为30米的某一建筑,在水塘的对面有一段以BD 为坡面的斜坡,小明在A 点观察点D 的俯角为30︒,在A 点观察点B 的俯角为45︒,若坡面BD 的坡度为,则BD 的长为__________.17.已知,平行四边形ABCD 中,点E 是AB 的中点,在直线AD 上截取2AF FD =,连接EF ,EF 交AC 于G ,则AG AC=___________. 18.如图,在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,6AB =,3BC =,点D 、E 分别在BC 、AC 上,且BD CE =,设点C 关于DE 的对称点为F ,若DF AB ,则BD 的长为_________.三、解答题19.计算:tan 453sin 602cos 45cot 302sin 45︒︒︒︒︒-+- 20.如图,D 是ABC ∆的边AC 上一点,12AD DC =,点E 、F 、G 分别是AD 、BD 、BC 的中点,设AB a =,AC b =.(1)试用a 、b 的线形组合表示EG ;(2)在图中画出BF 在a 、b 方向上的分向量.21.在Rt ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,5AB =,4sin 5CAB ∠=,D 是斜边AB 上一点,过点A 作AE CD ⊥,垂足为E ,AE 的延长线交BC 于点F .(1)当1tan 2BCD ∠=时,求线段BF 的长; (2)当54BF =时,求线段AD 的长. 22.如图,在一笔直的海岸线l 上有AB 两个观测站,A 在B 的正东方向,2AB =(单位:km ),有一艘小船在点P 处,从A 测得小船在北偏西60︒的方向,从B 测得小船在北偏东45︒的方向.(1)求点P 到海岸线l 的距离;(2)小船从点P 处沿射线AP 的方向航行一段时间后,到点C 处,此时,从B 测得小船在北偏西15︒的方向,求点C 与点B 之间的距离(上述两小题的结果都保留根号)23.如图,在ABC ∆中,AB AC =,D 是BC 的中点,DF AC ⊥,E 是DF 的中点,联结AE 、BF .求证;(l )2DF CF AF =⋅;(2)AE BF ⊥.24.在平面直角坐标系中,四边形AOBC 的顶点O 是坐标原点,点B 在x 轴的负半轴上,且CB x ⊥轴,点A 的坐标为()0,6,在OB 边上有一点P ,满足AP =(l )求P 点的坐标;(2)如果AOP ∆与APC ∆相似,且90PAC ∠=︒,求点C 的坐标.25.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,3AB =,4BC =,动点P 从点D 出发沿DA 向终点A 运动,同时动点Q 从点A 出发沿对角线AC 向终点C 运动,过点P 作PE DC ,交AC 于点E ,动点P 、Q 的运动速度是每秒1个单位长度,运动时间为x 秒,当点P 动到点A 时,P 、Q 两点同时停止运动,设PE y =.(1)求y 关于x 的函数关系式;(2)探究:当x 为何值时,四边形PQBE 为梯形?(3)是否存在这样的点P 和点Q ,使P 、Q 、E 为顶点的三角形是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有满足要求的x 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.参考答案一、选择1.D2.B3.D4.C5.B6.C二、填空7.0.001 8.钝角三角形 9.75︒ 10.171788b a -12.6 13.8 14.3:4 15.34 16.30-17.25;2718.1 三、32 20.1123EG a b =+ 21.52BF =;32AD =,1略24.()3,0P -;153,2C ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,()12,12C - 25.334y x =-+;45x =;43x =,2827或2013,83。
2019-2020学年上海市徐汇区西南模范中学九年级(上)月考数学试卷试题及答案(9月份)
2019-2020学年上海市徐汇区西南模范中学九年级(上)月考数学试卷(9月份)一.选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)[每小题只有一个正确选项,在答题纸相应题号的选项上用2B 铅笔正确填涂]1.(4分)已知233m a b =- ,1124n b a =+ ,那么4m n -等于()A .823a b -B .443a b -C .423a b- D .843a b-2.(4分)如果点D 、E 分别在ABC ∆的边AB 和AC 上,那么不能判定//DE BC 的比例式是()A .::AD DB AE EC =B .::BD AB CE AC =C .::DE BC AD AB=D .::AB AC AD AE=3.如图,已知123////l l l ,3AB =,2BC =,1CD =,那么下列式子中不成立的是()A .:5:1EC CG =B .:1:1EF FG =C .:3:2EF FC =D .:3:5EF EG =4.(4分)下列命题中错误的是()A .相似三角形的周长比等于对应中线的比B .相似三角形对应高的比等于相似比C .相似三角形的面积比等于相似比D .相似三角形对应角平分线的比等于相似比5.(4分)如图,ABC ∆中,点D 在AB 上,点E 在AC 上,若ADE C ∠=∠,则下列等式成立的是()A .AD AEAB AC=B .AE ADBC BD=C .DE AEBC AB=D .DE ADBC AB=6.如图,在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,5AB =,4BC =.点P 是边AC 上一动点,过点P 作//PQ AB 交BC 于点Q ,D 为线段PQ 的中点,当BD 平分ABC ∠时,AP 的长度为()A .813B .1513C .2513D .3213二.填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)[在答题纸相应题号后的空格内直接填写答案]7.(4分)在比例尺为1:20000的地图上,相距4厘米的两地A 、B 的实际距离为米.8.(4分)已知23a b =,则232a b a b-=+.9.(4分)已知点P 是线段AB 的黄金分割点,AP BP >,若4AB =,则BP =.10.(4分)在ABC ∆中,经过重心G 作线段//DE BC 交AB 于D ,交AC 于E ,则:DE BC =.11.(4分)D 、E 是ABC ∆的AB 、AC 边上的点,//DE BC ,2AD =,3DB =, 5.5AC =,则AE =.12.(4分)已知ABC ∆∽△111A B C ,且相似比1123AB A B =,ABC ∆的面积为8,那么△111A B C 的面积为.13.(4分)在ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,CD AB ⊥,垂足为D .若2,3ACD CBDS AD CD S ∆∆==则.14.(4分)点E 是ABCD 边AD 上一点,且:3:2AE ED =,CE 交BD 于点O ,则BOBD=.15.(4分)已知ABC ∆中,4AB AC ==,2BC =,把ABC ∆绕点C 旋转,使点B 落在边AB 上的点E ,则AE =.16.(4分)如图,已知ABC ∆中,60BAC ∠=︒,高BE 、CF 交于点D ,则AEFABCS S ∆∆=.17.(4分)如图,ABC ∆中,4AB AC ==,6BC =,点E 、F 在边BC 上,且EAF C ∠=∠,则BF CE =.18.(4分)如图,在ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,5AB =,3BC =,点D 、E 分别在AC 、AB 上,且AD BE =.联结DE ,点A 关于直线DE 的对称点为1A ,联结1A E .若1A E 与ABC ∆的其中一条边垂直,则BE 的长为.三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)[将下列各题的解答过程,做在答题纸上]19.(10分)如图,已知梯形ABCD 中,//AB DC ,AOB ∆的面积等于9,AOD ∆的面积等于6,7AB =,求CD 的长.20.(10分)如图,AD 是ABC ∆中BC 边上的中线,点E 是AD 的中点,BA a = ,BC b = ,(1)试用向量a,b 表示向量:AE .(2)在原图上作出BD 在AE 和AC方向上的分向量.21.(10分)如图(1)是夹文件用的铁(塑料)夹子在常态下的侧面示意图.AC ,BC 表示铁夹的两个面,O 点是轴,OD AC ⊥于D .已知15AD mm =,24DC mm =,10OD mm =.已知文件夹是轴对称图形,试利用图(2),求图(1)中A ,B 两点的距26=).22.(10分)已知,如图在矩形ABCD 中,AE BD ⊥于点E ,作EP EC ⊥,交AD 于点P .求证:(1)AEP DEC ∆∆∽;(2)BE AB AE AP = .23.(12分)如图,点A 在线段BD 上,在BD 的同侧作等腰Rt ABC ∆和等腰Rt ADE ∆,90ABC ADE ∠=∠=︒,CD 与BE 、AE 分别交于点P 、M .求证:(1)BAE CAD ∆∆∽;(2)22CB CP CM = .24.(12分)如图,一次函数(0)y kx b k =+≠的图象与x 轴,y 轴分别交于(9,0)A -、(0,6)B ,过点(2,0)C 作直线l 与BC 垂直,点E 在直线l 位于x 轴上方的部分.(1)求一次函数(0)y kx b k =+≠的解析式;(2)求直线l 的解析式;(3)若CBE ∆与ABO ∆相似,求点E 的坐标.25.(14分)如图,ABC ∆中,5AB AC ==,6BC =,点D 、E 分别是边AB 、AC 上的动点(点D 、E 不与ABC ∆的顶点重合),AD 和BE 交于点F ,且AFE ABC ∠=∠.(1)求证:ABD BCE ∆∆∽;(2)设AE x =,AD FD y = ,求y 关于x 的函数关系式,并直接写出x 的取值范围;(3)当AEF ∆是等腰三角形时,求DF 的长度.2019-2020学年上海市徐汇区西南模范中学九年级(上)月考数学试卷(9月份)参考答案与试题解析一.选择题:(本大题共6题,每题4分,满分24分)[每小题只有一个正确选项,在答题纸相应题号的选项上用2B 铅笔正确填涂]1.(4分)已知233m a b =- ,1124n b a =+ ,那么4m n -等于()A .823a b -B .443a b -C .423a b- D .843a b-【解答】解: 233m a b =- ,1124n b a =+,∴211284(3)4()32232433m n a b b a a b b a a b -=--+=---=-.故选:A .2.(4分)如果点D 、E 分别在ABC ∆的边AB 和AC 上,那么不能判定//DE BC 的比例式是()A .::AD DB AE EC =B .::BD AB CE AC =C .::DE BC AD AB=D .::AB AC AD AE=【解答】解:A 、::AD DB AE EC = ,//DE BC ∴,故本选项能判定//DE BC ;B 、::BD AB CE AC = ,//DE BC ∴,故本选项能判定//DE BC ;C 、由::DE BC AD AB =,不能判定//DE BC ;故本选项不能判定//DE BC ;D 、::AB AC AD AE = ,::AB AD AC AE ∴=,//DE BC ∴,故本选项能判定//DE BC .故选:C .3.如图,已知123////l l l ,3AB =,2BC =,1CD =,那么下列式子中不成立的是()A .:5:1EC CG =B .:1:1EF FG =C .:3:2EF FC =D .:3:5EF EG =【解答】解:123////l l l ,::5:1EC CG AC CD ∴==,所以A 选项成立;::3:31:1EF FG AB BD ===,所以B 选项成立;::3:2EF FC AB BC ==,所以C 选项成立;::3:61:2EF EG AB AD ===,所以D 选项不成立.故选:D .4.(4分)下列命题中错误的是()A .相似三角形的周长比等于对应中线的比B .相似三角形对应高的比等于相似比C .相似三角形的面积比等于相似比D .相似三角形对应角平分线的比等于相似比【解答】解:A 、相似三角形的周长比与对应中线的比等于相似比,故本选项正确;B 、相似三角形对应高的比等于相似比,故本选项正确;C 、相似三角形的面积比等于相似比的平方,故本选项错误;D 、似三角形对应角平分线的比等于相似比,故本选项正确.故选:C .5.(4分)如图,ABC ∆中,点D 在AB 上,点E 在AC 上,若ADE C ∠=∠,则下列等式成立的是()A .AD AEAB AC=B .AE ADBC BD=C .DE AEBC AB=D .DE ADBC AB=【解答】解:ADE C ∠=∠ ,A A ∠=∠,ADE ACB ∴∆∆∽,:::AD AC AE AB DE BC ∴==,故选:C .6.(4分)如图,在Rt ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,5AB =,4BC =.点P 是边AC 上一动点,过点P作//PQ AB交BC于点Q,D为线段PQ的中点,当BD平分ABC∠时,AP的长度为()A.813B.1513C.2513D.3213【解答】解:90C∠=︒,5AB=,4BC=,223AC AB BC∴-=,//PQ AB,ABD BDQ∴∠=∠,又ABD QBD∠=∠,QBD BDQ∴∠=∠,QB QD∴=,2QP QB∴=,//PQ AB,CPQ CAB∴∆∆∽,∴CP CQ PQCA CB AB==,即42345CP QB QB-==,解得,2413CP=,1513AP CA CP∴=-=,故选:B.二.填空题:(本大题共12题,每题4分,满分48分)[在答题纸相应题号后的空格内直接填写答案]7.(4分)在比例尺为1:20000的地图上,相距4厘米的两地A、B的实际距离为800米.【解答】解:设AB的实际距离为xcm,比例尺为1:20000,4:1:20000x∴=,80000800x cm m∴==.故答案为800.8.(4分)已知23a b =,则232a b a b-=+112.【解答】解:设2a k =,3b k =,则2431326612a b k k a b k k --==++.故答案为:112.9.(4分)已知点P 是线段AB 的黄金分割点,AP BP >,若4AB =,则BP =6-【解答】解: 点P 是线段AB 的黄金分割点,AP BP >,2AP ∴==,42)6BP AB AP ∴=-=-=-,故答案为:6-.10.(4分)在ABC ∆中,经过重心G 作线段//DE BC 交AB 于D ,交AC 于E ,则:DE BC =2:3.【解答】解:连接AG 并延长到BC 边上一点F ,在ABC ∆中,经过重心G 作线段//DE BC 交AB 于D ,交AC 于E ,ADE ABC ∴∆∆∽,AGE AFC ∆∆∽,∴AG AE AF AC =,AE DEAC BC =,∴DE AGBC AF =,2AG GF = ,∴23DE AG BC AF ==故答案为:2:3.11.(4分)D 、E 是ABC ∆的AB 、AC 边上的点,//DE BC ,2AD =,3DB =, 5.5AC =,则AE =2.2.【解答】解://DE BC ,::AD DB AE EC ∴=,即2:3:(5.5)AE AE =-,2.2AE ∴=.故答案为2.2.12.(4分)已知ABC ∆∽△111A B C ,且相似比1123AB A B =,ABC ∆的面积为8,那么△111A B C 的面积为18.【解答】解:ABC ∆ ∽△111A B C ,211112:(:)ABC A B C S S AB A B ∆∴= ,即1118:4:9A B C S = ,解得11118A B C S = .故答案为:18.13.(4分)在ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,CD AB ⊥,垂足为D .若2,3ACD CBDS AD CD S ∆∆==则49.【解答】解:90ACB ∠=︒ ,CD AB ⊥,90CDA CDB ∴∠=∠=︒,90A ACD ACD BCD ∠+∠=∠+∠=︒ ,A BCD ∴∠=∠,ACD CBD ∴∆∆∽,∴2224((39ACD CBD S AD S CD ∆∆===,故答案为:49.14.(4分)点E 是ABCD 边AD 上一点,且:3:2AE ED =,CE 交BD 于点O ,则BOBD=57.【解答】解::3:2AE ED = ,:2:5DE AD ∴=,四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,:2:5DE BC ∴=,四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,//AD BC ∴,DEF BCF ∴∆∆∽,::2:5DE BC OD OB ∴==.∴57BO BD =,故答案为:57.15.(4分)已知ABC ∆中,4AB AC ==,2BC =,把ABC ∆绕点C 旋转,使点B 落在边AB 上的点E ,则AE =3.【解答】解:如图,作AH BC ⊥于H ,CF AB ⊥于F .AB AC = ,AH BC ⊥,1BH CH ∴==,cos BH BF B AB BC ∠== ,∴142BF =,12BF ∴=,CB CE = ,CF BE ⊥,12BF EF ∴==,413AE AB BE ∴=-=-=,故答案为3.16.(4分)如图,已知ABC ∆中,60BAC ∠=︒,高BE 、CF 交于点D ,则AEF ABC S S ∆∆=14.【解答】解:AB CF ⊥ ,BE AC ⊥,90AEB AFC ∴∠=∠=︒,A A ∠=∠ ,ABE ACF ∴∆∆∽,∴AE AB AF AC =,∴AE AF AB AC=,ABC AEF ∴∆∆∽;在Rt ABE ∆中,60BAC ∠=︒ ,30ABE ∴∠=︒,∴12AE AB =,∴14AEF ABC S S ∆∆=,故答案为:14.17.(4分)如图,ABC ∆中,4AB AC ==,6BC =,点E 、F 在边BC 上,且EAF C ∠=∠,则BF CE = 16.【解答】证明:AEC B BAE EAF BAE BAF ∠=∠+∠=∠+∠=∠ ,又AB AC = ,B C ∴∠=∠,ABF ECA ∴∆∆∽,∴AB BF CE AC=,2BF EC AB AC AB ∴== 4AB = ,16BF CE ∴= .故答案为:16.18.(4分)如图,在ABC ∆中,90C ∠=︒,5AB =,3BC =,点D 、E 分别在AC 、AB 上,且AD BE =.联结DE ,点A 关于直线DE 的对称点为1A ,联结1A E .若1A E 与ABC ∆的其中一条边垂直,则BE 的长为53或52或2512.【解答】解:设BE AD x ==,则5AE x =-,90C ∠=︒ ,5AB =,3BC =,4AC ∴=,分三种情况:①1A E AC ⊥时,连接1A D ,如图1所示:则1//A E BC ,由轴对称的性质得:15A E AE x ==-,1A D AD x ==,1DA E BAC ∠=∠,1//A E BC ,AEF ABC ∴∆∆∽,∴EF AE BC AB =,即535EF x -=,3(5)5EF x ∴=-,在Rt △1A DF 中,1A D x =,1cos cos DA E BAC ∠=∠,∴11A F AC A D AB=,即145A F x =,解得:145A F x =,15A E AE x ==- ,∴34(5)555x x x -+=-,解得:53x =;②1A E BC ⊥时,连接1A D ,如图2所示:则1//A E AC ,1A ED ADE ∴∠=∠,由轴对称的性质得:15A E AE x ==-,1A D AD x ==,1A DE ADE ∠=∠,11A DE A ED ∴∠=∠,11A E A D x ∴==,5x x ∴-=,解得:52x =;③1A E AB ⊥时,连接1A D ,作1DP A E ⊥于P ,如图3所示:则//DP AB ,由轴对称的性质得:15A E AE x ==-,1A D AD x ==,1DA E BAC ∠=∠,1sin sin DA E BAC ∴∠=∠,∴1DP BC A D AB=,即35DP x =,解得:35DP x =,//DP AB ,BAC PDF ∴∠=∠,1//A E BC ,cos cos BAC PDF ∴∠=∠,即AC DP AB DF=,3455x DF =,解得:34DF x =,又cos AE AC BAC AF AB ∠== ,∴545x AF -=,5(5)4AF x ∴=-,∴35(5)44x x x +=-,解得:2512x =;综上所述,若1A E 与ABC ∆的其中一条边垂直,则BE 的长为53或52或2512;故答案为:53或52或2512.三.解答题:(本大题共7题,满分78分)[将下列各题的解答过程,做在答题纸上]19.(10分)如图,已知梯形ABCD 中,//AB DC ,AOB ∆的面积等于9,AOD ∆的面积等于6,7AB =,求CD 的长.【解答】解://AB DC ,∴CD DO AB BO=,⋯(3分)AOB ∆ 的面积等于9,AOD ∆的面积等于6,∴23DO BO =,(3分)∴23CD DO AB BO ==,7AB = ,143CD ∴=.20.(10分)如图,AD 是ABC ∆中BC 边上的中线,点E 是AD 的中点,BA a = ,BC b = ,(1)试用向量a ,b 表示向量:AE 1142b a - .(2)在原图上作出BD 在AE 和AC 方向上的分向量.【解答】解:(1) AD AB BD =+ ,BD DC =, 12AD a b =-+ ,12AE AD =,∴1142AE b a =- ,故答案为1142b a - .(2)如图,出BD 在AE 和AC 方向上的分向量分别为BM ,BN .21.(10分)如图(1)是夹文件用的铁(塑料)夹子在常态下的侧面示意图.AC ,BC 表示铁夹的两个面,O 点是轴,OD AC ⊥于D .已知15AD mm =,24DC mm =,10OD mm =.已知文件夹是轴对称图形,试利用图(2),求图(1)中A ,B 两点的距离(:26)=.【解答】解:如图,连接AB ,与CO 的延长线交于点E ,夹子是轴对称图形,对称轴是CE ,A 、B 为一组对称点,CE AB ∴⊥,AE EB =.在Rt AEC ∆、Rt ODC ∆中,90AEC ODC ∠=∠=︒ ,OCD ∠是公共角,Rt AEC Rt ODC ∴∆∆∽,∴AE OD AC OC=.又26OC ===,39101526AC OD AE OC ⨯∴=== ,230()AB AE mm ∴==.22.(10分)已知,如图在矩形ABCD中,AE BD⊥于点E,作EP EC⊥,交AD于点P.求证:(1)AEP DEC∆∆∽;(2)BE AB AE AP=.【解答】证明:(1)AE BD⊥,PE EC⊥,90AED PEC∴∠=∠=︒,AEP DEC∴∠=∠,90EAD ADE∠+∠=︒,90ADE CDE∠+∠=︒,EAP EDC∴∠=∠,AEP DEC∴∆∆∽;(2)AEP DEC∆∆∽∴AP AE CD ED=,//AB CD,ABE EDC ∴∠=∠,又EAP EDC∠=∠,又AEB AED∠=∠,AEP BEA∴∆∆∽,∴BE AE AE ED=,∴BE APAE CD=,BE CD AE AP∴=,又AB CD=,BE AB AE AP ∴= .23.(12分)如图,点A 在线段BD 上,在BD 的同侧作等腰Rt ABC ∆和等腰Rt ADE ∆,90ABC ADE ∠=∠=︒,CD 与BE 、AE 分别交于点P 、M .求证:(1)BAE CAD ∆∆∽;(2)22CB CP CM = .【解答】(1)证明: 等腰Rt ABC ∆和等腰Rt ADE ∆,90ABC ADE ∠=∠=︒,AC ∴=,AD =,45BAC CAD ∠=∠=︒∴AC AD AB AE=BAC EAD∠=∠ BAE CAD∴∠=∠BAE CAD∴∆∆∽(2)BAE CAD ∆∆ ∽,BEA CDA ∴∠=∠,PME AMD∠=∠ PME AMD∴∆∆∽∴PM ME AM MD=,且PMA DME ∠=∠,PMA EMD ∴∆∆∽,90APD AED ∴∠=∠=︒,18090CAE BAC EAD ∠=︒-∠-∠=︒ ,且ACP ACM ∠=∠,CAP CMA ∴∆∆∽,∴AC CM CP AC=,2AC CP CM ∴= ,AC =22CB CP CM∴= 24.(12分)如图,一次函数(0)y kx b k =+≠的图象与x 轴,y 轴分别交于(9,0)A -、(0,6)B ,过点(2,0)C 作直线l 与BC 垂直,点E 在直线l 位于x 轴上方的部分.(1)求一次函数(0)y kx b k =+≠的解析式;(2)求直线l 的解析式;(3)若CBE ∆与ABO ∆相似,求点E的坐标.【解答】解:(1) 一次函数(0)y kx b k =+≠的图象与x 轴,y 轴分别交于(9,0)A -,(0,6)B 两点,∴906k b b -+=⎧⎨=⎩,解得,236k b ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩,∴一次函数y kx b =+的表达式为263y x =+;(2)如图1,直线l 与y 轴的交点为D ,BC l ⊥ ,90BCD BOC ∴∠=︒=∠,OBC OCB OCD OCB ∴∠+∠=∠+∠,OBC OCD ∴∠=∠,BOC COD ∠=∠ ,OBC OCD ∴∆∆∽,∴OB OC OC OD=,(0,6)B ,(2,0)C ,6OB ∴=,2OC =,∴622OD=,23OD ∴=,2(0,3D ∴-,(2,0)C ,设直线l 的函数解析式为y mx n =+,2320n m n ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪+=⎩,得1323m n ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩∴直线l 的解析式为1233y x =-;(3)CBE ∆ 与ABO ∆相似,∴当1CBE OAB ∆∆∽时,则1CE BCOB AO =,点(9,0)A -、(0,6)B ,点(2,0)C ,9OA ∴=,6OB =,2OC =,90BOD ∠=︒,BC ∴==∴169CE =,解得,13CE =,设点的1E 坐标为12(,33a a -,则22212(2)()33a a =-+-且0a >,解得,6a =,∴点1E 坐标为4(6,3;当2CBE OBA ∆∆∽时,则2CE BCOA BO =,点(9,0)A -、(0,6)B ,点(2,0)C ,9OA ∴=,6OB =,2OC =,90BOD ∠=︒ ,BC ∴==∴296CE =,解得,2CE =,设点的2E 坐标为12(,)33c c -,则22212(2)()33c c =-+-且0c >,解得,11c =,则点2E 坐标为(11,3);由上可得,E 点坐标为4(6,)3或(11,3).25.(14分)如图,ABC ∆中,5AB AC ==,6BC =,点D 、E 分别是边AB 、AC 上的动点(点D 、E 不与ABC ∆的顶点重合),AD 和BE 交于点F ,且AFE ABC ∠=∠.(1)求证:ABD BCE ∆∆∽;(2)设AE x =,AD FD y = ,求y 关于x 的函数关系式,并直接写出x 的取值范围;(3)当AEF ∆是等腰三角形时,求DF 的长度.【解答】(1)证明:AFE ABC ∠=∠ ,AFE ABF BAF ∠=∠+∠,ABC ABF CBE ∠=∠+∠,BAD CBE ∴∠=∠,AB AC = ,ABD C ∴∠=∠,ABD BCE ∴∆∆∽.(2)解:BDF ADB ∠=∠ ,DBF BAD ∠=∠,BDF ADB ∴∆∆∽,∴BD DF AD BD=,2BD DF AD ∴= ,ABD BCE ∆∆ ∽,∴DB AB EC BC =,∴556BD x =-,5(5)6BD x ∴=-,2225(5)36y AD DF BD x ∴===- ∴225250625(05)36x x y x -+=<<.(3)解:①如图1中,当AE EF =时,AE EF = ,AFE EAF ∴∠=∠,AFE ABC C ∠=∠=∠ ,DCA ABC EAF ∴∆∆∽∽,∴556DC =,256AD DC ∴==,同法可得65AF x =,2511666BD ∴=-=,2BD DF DA = ,∴12125366DF = ,121150DF ∴=.②如图2中,当FA FE =时,作AH BC ⊥于H .FA FE = ,FAE FEA ∴∠=∠,ABD BCE ∆∠ ∽,ADB BEC ∴∠=∠,ADC FEA ∴∠=∠,CDA CAD ∴∠=∠,5CD CA ∴==,AB AC = ,AH BC ⊥,3BH CH ∴==,4AH ∴==,532DH ∴=-=,AD ===1BD = ,2BD DF AD = ,1DF ∴= ,10综上所述,121150DF =.。
上海市徐汇区上海市西南模范中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期月考数学试卷(9月份)
上海市徐汇区上海市西南模范中学2024-2025学年九年级上学期月考数学试卷(9月份)一、单选题1.下列条件中,不能确定一个直角三角形的条件是( )A .已知两条直角边B .已知两个锐角C .已知一边和一个锐角D .已知一条直角边和斜边2.如果ABC V 的三边之比是357::,与它相似的A B C '''V 的最短边为6,那么A B C '''V 的其余两边长的和是( )A .12B .19C .21D .243.如图,在ABC V 中,∠C =90°,设∠A ,∠B ,∠C 所对的边分别为a ,b ,c ,则( )A .c =b sinB B .b =c sin BC .a =b tan BD .b =c tan B 4.下列说法中,正确的是( )A .有一个角相等的两个菱形必相似B .有一条边相等的两个矩形必相似C .有一个角相等的两个等腰三角形必相似D .有一条边相等的两个等腰三角形必相似5.如图,在ABCD Y 中,M 、N 为对角线BD 上的两点,且::1:2:1BM MN ND =,连接AM 并延长交BC 于点E ,连接EN 并延长交AD 于点F ,则:AF FD 的值为( )A .7:1B .8:1C .9:1D .10:16.如图所示,△ABC 中,AD ⊥BC 于D ,对于下列中的每一个条件:①∠B +∠DAC =90°;②∠B =∠DAC ;③CD :AD =AC :AB ;④AB 2=BD ·BC ,其中一定能判定△ABC 是直角三角形的共有( )A .3个B .2个C .1个D .0个二、填空题7.已知23a b =,则232a b a b -=+. 8.如果两个相似三角形的对应中线的比是5:2,那么它们的周长比是.9.在比例尺为125000:的地图上,相距6cm 的两地A 、B 的实际距离为千米.10.已知点M 是线段AB 的黄金分割点AM BM <(),若4AB =,则BM =.11.在ABC V 中,3,2AB AC ==,分别反向延长AB AC 、到D 、E ,若2AD =,则当AE =时,BC DE ∥.12.已知在ABC V 中,5AB AC ==,8BC =,点G 为重心,那么GA =.13.在以O 为坐标原点的直角坐标平面内有一点()4,3A ,如果AO 与x 轴正半轴的夹角α,那么α的余弦值是.14.在ABC V 中,90ACB ∠=︒,CD AB ⊥于D .若23AD BD =,则B ∠的余切值为. 15.如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 是线段AB 上一点,连结AC DE 、交于点F .若23AE EB =,则ADF AEFS S =△△.16.如图,△ABC 中,AB=AC=4,BC =6,点E 、F 在边BC 上,且∠EAF=∠C ,则BF·CE= .17.如图,四边形ABDC 中,AC 与BD 交于点O ,AC BC =,90ACB ∠=︒,AD BD ⊥于点D .若258AOB COD S S =V V ,则BC CD=.18.阅读:对于线段MN 与点O (点O 与MN 不在同一直线上),如果同一平面内点P 满足:射线OP 与线段MN 交于点Q ,且12OQ OP =,那么称点P 为点O 关于线段MN 的“准射点”.问题:如图,矩形ABCD 中,3,4AB AD ==,点E 在边AD 上,且1AE =,连接BE .设点F 是点A 关于线段BE 的“准射点”,且点F 在矩形ABCD 的内部或边上,如果点C 与点F 之间距离为d ,那么d 的取值范围为.三、解答题19.计算:22sin 302cos30tan 60sin 45︒-︒⋅︒⋅︒.20.计算:tan 304cos 45sin 60tan 45︒+︒︒-︒. 21.如图,已知在Rt ABC V 中,90C ∠=︒,3sin 5ABC ∠=,点D 在边BC 上,4BD =,连接AD ,2tan 3DAC∠=.(1)求边AC 的长;(2)求cot BAD ∠的值.22.如图,在ABC V 中,点P 、D 分别在边BC 、AC 上,PA AB ⊥,垂足为点A ,DP BC ⊥,垂足为点P ,AP BP PD CD=.(1)求证:AB AC =;(2)如果5AB =,3CD =,求AP 的长.23.如图,点A 在线段BD 上,在BD 的同侧作等腰Rt △ABC 和等腰Rt △ADE ,∠ABC =∠ADE=90° ,CD 与BE 、AE 分别交于点P 、M .求证:(1)△BAE ∽△CAD ;(2)2CB 2=CP •CM .24.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,点A −4,0 、()0,8B ,点C 在第一象限,点D 在线段OB 上,OD t =,90ADC ∠=︒,1tan 2DAC ∠=,CE OD ⊥,垂足为E ,连接AB 、BC .(1)请直接写出图中与AOD △相似的三角形,直接写出线段CE 、OE 的长(用含t 的代数式表示);(2)当CBA BAO ∠=∠时,求t 的值;(3)ABC V 的面积是否为定值?若是,请求出这个定值;若不是,请说明理由. 25.已知:如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD BC ∥,90BAD ∠=︒,2AD =,4AB =,5BC =,在边BC 上任取一点E ,连接AE ,作F E C A E B ∠=∠,FEC ∠的另一边EF 交射线CD 于点F .(1)求cos C 的值;(2)如图1,当点F 在线段CD 上时,若12=DF CF ,求BE 的长; (3)连接AF ,当AEF △是直角三角形时,直接写出BE 的长.。
2018-2019年上海市西南模范中学九下中考模拟
上海市西南模范中学2019年中考模拟试题数学一、选择题:1.下列二次根式中,属于最简二次根式的是………………………………………………( ) (A(B(C(D )nm .2.某机构对30万人的调查显示,沉迷于手机上网的初中生大约占7%,则这部分沉迷于手机上网的初中生人数,可用科学记数法表示为……………………………………………………………( ) (A )52.110⨯; (B )32110⨯; (C )50.2110⨯; (D )42.110⨯. 3.图1是2014年巴西世界杯吉祥物,某校在五个班级中对认识它的人数进行了调查, 结果为(单位:人):30,31,27,26,31.这组数据的中位数是………………( ) (A )27; (B )29; (C )30; (D )31.4.若一个正九边形的边长为a ,则这个正九边形的半径是………………………( ) (A )cos20a ︒; (B )sin 20a ︒; (C )2cos20a ︒; (D )2sin 20a︒.5.下列命题:① 若a b =,b c =,则a c =; ② 若a ∥b ,b ∥c ,则a ∥c ; ③ 若||2||a b =,则2a b =或2a b =-; ④ 若a 与b 是互为相反向量,则0a b +=. 其中真命题的个数是………………………………………………………………( )(A )1个; (B )2个; (C )3个; (D )4个. 6.如图2,在△ABC 中,D 是边AC 上一点,联结BD ,给出下列条件:①∠ABD =∠ACB ; ②2AB AD AC =⋅; ③AD BC AB BD ⋅=⋅; ④ AB BC AC BD ⋅=⋅.其中单独能够判定△ABD ∽△ACB 的个数是…………………… ……………( ) (A )1个; (B )2个; (C )3个; (D )4个. 二、填空题:7.0(2014)-的平方根等于 .9.点(1,2)P m m --在第四象限,则m 的取值范围是 .10.关于x的一元二次方程210kx +=有两个不相等的实数根,则k 的取值范围是 . ABCD图2 图111.两位同学在描述同一反比例函数的图像时,甲同学说:“从这个反比例函数图像上任意一点向x 轴、y 轴作垂线,与两坐标轴所围成的矩形面积为2014.”乙同学说:“这个反比例函数图像与直线y x =-有两个交点.”你认为这两位同学所描述的反比例函数的解析式是 .12.在平面直角坐标系中,若将抛物线2243y x x =-+先向右平移3个单位长度,再向上平移2个单位长度,则经过这两次平移后所得抛物线的顶点坐标是 .13.在植树节当天,某校一个班同学分成10个小组参加植树造林活动,10个小组植树的株数见下表:则这10个小组植树株数的方差是 . 14.已知两圆半径分别为3和7,圆心距为d ,若两圆相离, 则d 的取值范围是 .15.一座拦河大坝的横截面是梯形ABCD ,AD ∥BC ,∠B = 90°,AD = 6米,坡面CD 的坡度41:3i =,且BC = CD ,那么拦河大坝的高是 米.16.定义:若自然数n 使得三个数的加法运算“(1)(2)n n n ++++”产生进位现象,则称n 为“连加进位数”.例如,2不是“连加进位数”,因为2349++=不产生进位现象;4是“连加进位数”,因为45615++=产生进位现象;51是“连加进位数”,因为515253156++=产生进位现象.如果从0,1,…,99这100个自然数中任取一个数,那么取到“连加进位数”的概率是 .17.如图4,边长为2的正方形ABCD 的顶点A 、B 在一个半径为2的圆上,顶点C 、D 在该圆内.将正方形ABCD绕点A 逆时针旋转,当点D 第一次落在圆上时,点C 运动的路线长为 .18.在△ABC 中,∠A = 30°,AB = m ,CD 是边AB 上的中线,将△ACD 沿CD 所在直线翻折,得到△ECD ,若△ECD与△ABC 重合部分的面积等于△ABC 面积的14,则△ABC 的面积为 (用m 的代数式表示). 三、解答题:19.先化简,再求值:22444442x x x x x x x ++--÷++-,其中212sin60()2x -=︒-.图520.解方程组:222220,20.x xy y x xy y x y ⎧--=⎨--+++=⎩①②21.如图5所示,一测量小组发现8米高旗杆DE 的影子EF 落在了包含一圆弧形小桥在内的路上,于是他们开展了测算小桥所在圆的半径的活动.小张身高1.6米,测得其影长为2.4米,同时测得EG 的长为3米,HF 的长为1米,测得拱高(弧GH 的中点到弦GH 的距离,即MN 的长)为2米,求小桥所在圆的半径.22.如图6,某商场有一双向运行的自动扶梯,扶梯上行和下行的速度保持不变且相同,甲、乙两人同时站上了此扶梯的上行和下行端,甲站上上行扶梯的同时又以0.8m /s 的速度往上跑,乙站上下行扶梯后则站立不动随扶梯下行,两人在途中相遇,甲到达扶梯顶端后立即乘坐下行扶梯,同时以0.8m /s 的速度往下跑,而乙到达底端后则在原地等候甲.图7中线段OB 、AB 分别表示甲、乙两人在乘坐扶梯过程中,离扶梯底端的路程y (m )与所用时间x (s )之间的部分函数关系,结合图像解答下列问题: (1)求点B的坐标;(2)求AB 所在直线的函数表达式;(3)乙到达扶梯底端后,还需等待多长时间,甲才到达扶梯底端?23.已知:如图8,在△ABC 中,AD 是边BC 上的中线,点E 在线段DC 上,EF ∥AB 交边AC 于点F ,EG ∥AC 交边AB 于点G ,FE 的延长线与AD 的延长线交于点H .求证:GF = BH .24.已知:在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,二次函数224y mx mx =+-(0)m ≠的图像与x 轴交于点A 、B (点A 在点B 的左侧),与y 轴交于点C ,△ABC 的面积为12. (1)求这个二次函数的解析式;(2)点D 的坐标为(2,1)-,点P 在二次函数的图像上,∠ADP 为锐角,且tan 2ADP ∠=,请直接写出点P 的横坐标;(3)点E 在x 轴的正半轴上,45OCE ∠>︒,点O 与点O '关于EC 所在直线对称,过点O 作O E '的垂线,垂足为点N ,ON 与EC 交于点M .若48EM EC ⋅=,求点E 的坐标. ABCDEF GH 图825.已知:如图9,在△ABC中,AB= 4,BC= 5,点P在边AC上,且12AP AB=,联结BP,以BP为一边作△BPQ(点B、P、Q按逆时针排列),点G是△BPQ的重心,联结BG,∠PBG=∠BCA,∠QBG=∠BAC,联结CQ并延长,交边AB于点M.设PC = x,MQy MC=.(1)求BPBQ的值;(2)求y关于x的函数关系式.C图9参考答案1.C ; 2.D ; 3.C ; 4.D ; 5.A ; 6.B .7.1±; 8.2; 9.2m >; 10.1122k -≤<且0k ≠; 11.2014y x=-; 12.(4,3); 13.35;14.04d ≤<或10d >; 15.18; 16.2225; 17; 182或218m .19.(10分)解:原式2(2)244(2)(2)x x x x x x x +-=-⋅+++-………………………………………(2分) 244x x x x +=-++………………………………………………………………………………(2分) 24x =-+.…………………………………………………………………………………(1分) ∵244x =-=,……………………………………………………………………(3分) ∴原式==.………………………………………………………………(2分) 20.(10分)解:由①得()(2)0x y x y +-=.…………………………………………(1分)∴ x y =-或2x y =.……………………………………………………………………………(2分) 将x y =-代入②,得220y +=,无解.………………………………………………………(2分) 将2x y =代入②,得2320y y ++=,解得11y =-,22y =-.………………………………(2分) 分别代入2x y =,得12x =-,24x =-.………………………………………………………(2分) ∴ 原方程组的解是112,1,x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩224,2.x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩………………………………………………………(1分) 21.(10分)解:设弧GH 所在圆的圆心为O ,联结OG 、OM .由题意,易知O 、M 、N 三点共线.∵ 在同一时刻,平行光线下的实物长与影长比例相等, ∴1.6DE =,∴ 82.412EF ⨯==.…………………………………………………………(3分)又∵ EG = 3,HF = 1,∴ 12318GH EF EG HF =--=--=.………………………………(1分) 根据垂径定理,得142GM GH ==.…………………………………………………………(1分)在Rt △OMG 中,设圆O 的半径OG = r ,则2OM r MN r =-=-.根据勾股定理,得222OM GM OG +=,即222(2)4r r -+=,………………………………(2分) 解得r = 5.………………………………………………………………………………………(2分) ∴ 小桥所在圆的半径为5米.…………………………………………………………………(1分) 22.(本题满分10分,其中第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题3分) 解:(1)设扶梯的上行和下行速度为v m /s .由题意,得7.5(20.8)30v +=,……………………………………………………………(1分) 解得v = 1.6.………………………………………………………………………………(1分) ∵ 7.5(1.60.8)18+=,∴ 点B 的坐标为(7.5,18).…………………………………(1分) (2)设AB 所在直线的函数表达式为y kx b =+,……………………………………………(1分)得30,7.518.b k b =⎧⎨+=⎩……………(1分)解得 1.6,30.k b =-⎧⎨=⎩……………………(1分)∴ AB 所在直线的函数表达式为 1.630y x =-+.………………………………………(1分) (3)∵ 甲到达扶梯底端所需时间为(302)(1.60.8)25⨯÷+=s ,……………………………(1分)乙到达扶梯底端所需时间为30 1.618.75÷=s ,………………………………………(1分) ∴ 还需等待的时间为2518.75 6.25-=s .………………………………………………(1分)23.(12分)证明:∵ AD 是边BC 上的中线,∴ BD = DC .…………………………………(1分)∵ HF ∥AB ,∴2EF EC EC AB BC DC ==,HE DE DC ECAB BD DC-==.……………………………(2分) ∴22EF HE DC ECAB DC+-=,…………………………………………………………………(2分) 即HF BEAB BC=.……………………………………………………………………………(2分) ∵ EG ∥AC ,∴BE BGBC AB=.………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴HF BG=.………………………………………………………………………………(1分)∴ HF = BG .…………………………………………………………………………………(1分) 又∵ HF ∥BG ,∴ 四边形BGFH 是平行四边形.…………………………………………(1分) ∴ GF = BH .…………………………………………………………………………………(1分) 24.(本题满分12分,每小题各4分) 解:(1)当x = 0时,4y =-,∴ (0,4)C -.∵ 1122ABC C S AB y ∆=⋅=,∴ AB = 6.…………………………………………………(1分) 又∵ 二次函数图像的对称轴是直线212mx m=-=-, ∴ (4,0)A -,(2,0)B .………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴ 4440m m +-=,解得12m =.………………………………………………………(1分) ∴ 二次函数的解析式为2142y x x =+-.………………………………………………(1分) (2)2-.…………………………………………………………………………(4分) (第一种情况1分,第二种情况3分) (3)如图1,联结OO ',交EC 于点T ,联结O C '.∵ 点O 与点O '关于EC 所在直线对称,∴ OO '⊥EC ,OCE O CE '∠=∠,90CO E COE '∠=∠=︒∴ O C '⊥O E '.又∵ ON ⊥O E ',∴ O C '∥ON . ∴ OMC O CE OCE '∠=∠=∠.∴ OC = OM .………………………………(1分) ∴ CT = MT .在Rt △ETO 中,∠ETO = 90°,cos ETOEC OE ∠=. 在Rt △COE 中,∠COE = 90°,cos OEOEC EC∠=. ∴OE ET=. 图1∴ 2()48OE ET EC EM MT EC EM EC MT EC MT EC =⋅=+⋅=⋅+⋅=+⋅.…………(1分) 同理可得216OC CT EC MT EC =⋅=⋅=.…………………………………………………(1分) ∴ 2481664OE =+=. ∵ 0OE >,∴ OE = 8. ∵ 点E 在x 轴的正半轴上,∴ 点E 的坐标为(8,0).…………………………………………………………………(1分)25.(本题满分14分,其中第(1)小题6分,第(2)小题8分)解:(1)如图2,延长BG ,交边PQ 于点D ,由点G 是△BPQ 的重心,可知PD = DQ ,……(1分)延长BD 至点E ,使DE = BD ,联结PE .∵ PD = DQ ,DE = BD ,∠PDE =∠QDB , ∴ △PDE ≌△QDB .………………………(1分) ∴ PE = BQ ,∠PED =∠QBD .∵ ∠QBG =∠BAC ,∴ ∠PED =∠BAC .(1分) 又∵ ∠PBG =∠BCA ,∴ △BPE ∽△CBA .(1分) ∴54BP BC PE AB ==.…………………………(1分) ∴54BP BQ =.………………………………(1分) (2)如图3,延长AB 至点F ,使BF = AB ,联结QF ,过点Q 作QH ∥AC ,交边AB 于点H .∵54BP BQ =,54BC BF =,∴BP BCBQ BF=. ∵ PBQ BAC BCA ∠=∠+∠,CBF BAC BCA ∠=∠+∠, ∴ ∠PBQ =∠CBF . ∴ ∠PBC =∠QBF .∴ △PBC ∽△QBF .………………………………………………………………………(1分) ∴ ∠BCP =∠BFQ ,54PC BP QF BQ ==.…(1分) ∵ HQ ∥AC ,∴ ∠BHQ =∠BAC .C图2∴ △FQH ∽△CBA .……………………(1分) ∴54QF BC HQ AB ==.………………………(1分) ∴25()4PC QF QF HQ ⋅=,即2516PC HQ =. ∴ 16162525HQ PC x ==.…………………(2分) ∵ HQ ∥AC ,∴ MQ HQ MC AC=,即16252xy x =+.……………………………………………(1分) ∴ y 关于x 的函数关系式为162550xy x =+.………………………………………………(1分)。
2018-2019年上海市西南模范九上10月月考
12. 如图 AD 是 ABC 的中线,E 是 AD 上一点,且 AE 1 AD ,CE 的延长线交 AB 于点 F,若 AF=1.2, 3
则 AB=
13. 如图所示,在 ABC 中,DE//AB//FG,且 FG 到 DE、AB 的距离之比为 1:2, 若 ABC 的面积为 32, CDE 的面积为 2,则 CFG 的面积 S=
ABC 中,DE//BC,若 AD 2 ,则 S ADE : S BEC 等于( )
DB 3
B. 4:15
C. 4:9
D. 3:15
6. 下列命题中,错误命题的个数有( )
①如图,若 AB DE ,则 AD//BE//CF;
BC EF ②已知一个单位向量 ,设 是非零向量,则
1
ea
14. 在 ABC 中,AB=3,AC=4, ABC 绕着点 A 旋转后能与 AB 'C ' 重合,那么 ABB' 与 ACC ' 的
周长之比为
15. 如图, ABC 中,AB=AC,AD⊥BC 于 D,AE=EC,AD=18,BE=15,tan∠EBC=
16. 如图,AC 是高为 30 米的某一建筑,在水塘的对面有一段以 BD 为坡面的斜坡,小明在 A 点观察点 D
C. 2 个
D. 1 个
二、填空题
7. 在比例尺为 1:50000 的地图上,某地区的图上面积为 20 平方厘米,则实际面积为 米
8. 在
ABC 中, cos A
3 1 cot B2 0,则
2
ABC 的形状是
第 1页 /共 6页
平方千
9. 是锐角,若 sin cos15,则
2018-2019学年上海市徐汇区西南位育中学初三年级上学期9月份周测卷
2018-2019学年上海市徐汇区西南位育中学初三年级第一学期第三周随堂训练试卷Part 2 Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary(第二部分语音、语法和词汇)Ⅰ. Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案)(共20分)1.Which of the following words matches the sound /faʊnd/ ?A. foodB. fondC. findD. found【参考答案】D【思路解析】考查音标:由A. /fu:d/ B. /fɒnd/ C. /faɪnd/ D. /faʊnd/ 可知,选D2.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A.His father has been dead for three years.B. I have already finished my work.C. We need to buy some bread for breakfast.D. I didn’t realize the problem at that time.【参考答案】D【思路解析】考查音标.由A./ded/ B./ɔ:lˈredi/ C./bred/ D./ˈri:əlaɪz/ 可知,选D3.I’m expecting a digital camera for long, but mom still hasn’t bought _______for me.A.itB. thisC. oneD. that【参考答案】C【思路解析】考查代词。
根据题意可知,“妈妈还没有给我买数码相机”代指同类事物,用one. 而it 代指同一个事物,this指离自己较近的人或物,而that指离自己较远的人或物。
上海西南模范中学九年级上册压轴题数学模拟试卷含详细答案
上海西南模范中学九年级上册压轴题数学模拟试卷含详细答案一、压轴题1.⊙O 是四边形ABCD 的外接圆,OB AC ⊥,OB 与AC 相交于点H ,21012BC AC CD ===,.(1)求⊙O 的半径;(2)求AD 的长;(3)若E 为弦CD 上的一个动点,过点E 作EF//AC ,EG//AD . EF 与AD 相交于点F ,EG 与AC 相交于点G .试问四边形AGEF 的面积是否存在最大值?若存在,求出最大面积;若不存在,请说明理由.2.定义:对于二次函数2y ax bx c =++(0)a ≠,我们称函数221()1111()222ax bx c x m y ax bx c x m ⎧++-≥⎪=⎨---+<⎪⎩为它的m 分函数(其中m 为常数).例如:2y x 的m 分函数为221()11()2x x m y x x m ⎧-≥⎪=⎨-+<⎪⎩.设二次函数244y x mx m =-+的m 分函数的图象为G .(1)直接写出图象G 对应的函数关系式.(2)当1m =时,求图象G 在14x -≤≤范围内的最高点和最低点的坐标.(3)当图象G 在x m ≥的部分与x 轴只有一个交点时,求m 的取值范围.(4)当0m >,图象G 到x 轴的距离为m 个单位的点有三个时,直接写出m 的取值范围.3.已知:如图,抛物线2134y x x =--交x 正半轴交于点A ,交y 轴于点B ,点()4,C n -在抛物线上,直线l :34y x m =-+过点B ,点E 是直线l 上的一个动点,ACE △的外心是P .(1)求m,n的值.△的面积.(2)当点E移动到点B时,求ACE△的边上,若存在,求出点E的坐标,若不(3)①是否存在点E,使得点P落在ACE存在,请说明理由.轴交直线l于点D,当点E从点D移动到点B时,圆心P移动的②过点A作直线AD x路线长为_____.(直接写出答案)4.在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线y=ax2+bx﹣3过点A(﹣3,0),B(1,0),与y轴交于点C,顶点为点D.(1)求抛物线的解析式;(2)点P为直线CD上的一个动点,连接BC;①如图1,是否存在点P,使∠PBC=∠BCO?若存在,求出所有满足条件的点P的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由;②如图2,点P在x轴上方,连接PA交抛物线于点N,∠PAB=∠BCO,点M在第三象限抛物线上,连接MN,当∠ANM=45°时,请直接写出点M的坐标.5.如图,A是以BC为直径的圆O上一点,AD⊥BC于点D,过点B作圆O的切线,与CA 的延长线相交于点E,G是AD的中点,连接并延长CG与BE相交于点F,连接并延长AF与CB的延长线相交于点P.(1)求证:BF=EF;(2)求证:PA是圆O的切线;(3)若FG=EF=3,求圆O的半径和BD的长度.6.如图①是一张矩形纸片,按以下步骤进行操作:(Ⅰ)将矩形纸片沿DF折叠,使点A落在CD边上点E处,如图②;(Ⅱ)在第一次折叠的基础上,过点C再次折叠,使得点B落在边CD上点B′处,如图③,两次折痕交于点O;(Ⅲ)展开纸片,分别连接OB、OE、OC、FD,如图④.(探究)(1)证明:OBC≌OED;(2)若AB=8,设BC为x,OB2为y,是否存在x使得y有最小值,若存在求出x的值并求出y的最小值,若不存在,请说明理由.7.四边形ABCF中,AF∥BC,∠AFC=90°,△ABC的外接圆⊙O交CF于E,与AF相切于点A,过C作CD⊥AB于D,交BE于G.(1)求证:AB=AC;(2)①证明:GE=EC;②若BC=8,OG=1,求EF的长.8.(问题发现)(1)如图①,在△ABC中,AC=BC=2,∠ACB=90°,D是BC边的中点,E是AB边上一动点,则EC+ED的最小值是.(问题研究)(2)如图②,平面直角坐标系中,分别以点A(﹣2,3),B(3,4)为圆心,以1、3为半径作⊙A、⊙B,M、N分別是⊙A、⊙B上的动点,点P为x轴上的动点,试求PM+PN的最小值.(问题解决)(3)如图③,该图是某机器零件钢构件的模板,其外形是一个五边形,根据设计要求,边框AB 长为2米,边框BC 长为3米,∠DAB =∠B =∠C =90°,联动杆DE 长为2米,联动杆DE 的两端D 、E 允许在AD 、CE 所在直线上滑动,点G 恰好是DE 的中点,点F 可在边框BC 上自由滑动,请确定该装置中的两根连接杆AF 与FG 长度和的最小值并说明理由.9.定义:对于已知的两个函数,任取自变量x 的一个值,当0x ≥时,它们对应的函数值相等;当0x <时,它们对应的函数值互为相反数,我们称这样的两个函数互为相关函数.例如:正比例函数y x =,它的相关函数为(0)(0)x x y x x ≥⎧=⎨-<⎩. (1)已知点()5,10A -在一次函数5y ax =-的相关函数的图像上,求a 的值;(2)已知二次函数2142y x x =-+-. ①当点3,2B m ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭在这个函数的相关函数的图像上时,求m 的值; ②当33x -≤≤时,求函数2142y x x =-+-的相关函数的最大值和最小值. (3)在平面直角坐标系中,点M 、N 的坐标分别为1,12⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭、9,12⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭,连结MN .直接写出线段MN 与二次函数24y x x n =-++的相关函数的图像有两个公共点时n 的取值范围.10.公司经销某种商品,经研究发现,这种商品在未来40天的销售单价1y (元/千克)关于时间t 的函数关系式分别为11602y t =-+(040t <≤,且t 为整数); ()()21030,3033040,20t t t y t t ⎧<≤-+⎪=⎨<≤⎪⎩且为整数且为整数,他们的图像如图1所示,未来40天的销售量m (千克)关于时间t 的函数关系如图2的点列所示.(1)求m 关于t 的函数关系式;(2)那一天的销售利润最大,最大利润是多少?(3)若在最后10天,公司决定每销售1千克产品就捐赠a 元给“环保公益项目”,且希望扣除捐赠后每日的利润不低于3600元以维持各种开支,求a 的最大值(精确到0.01元).11.如图,在ABCD 中,E 为边BC 的中点,F 为线段AE 上一点,连结BF 并延长交边AD 于点G ,过点G 作AE 的平行线,交射线DC 于点H ,设AD EF x AB AF==.(1)当1x =时,求:AG AB 的值;(2)设GDH EBAS y S =△△,求y 关于x 的函数关系式; (3)当3DH HC =时,求x 的值.12.如图1,梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,AB=AD=DC=5,BC=11.一个动点P 从点B 出发,以每秒1个单位长度的速度沿线段BC 方向运动,过点P 作PQ ⊥BC ,交折线段BA-AD 于点Q ,以PQ 为边向右作正方形PQMN ,点N 在射线BC 上,当Q 点到达D 点时,运动结束.设点P 的运动时间为t 秒(t >0).(1)当正方形PQMN 的边MN 恰好经过点D 时,求运动时间t 的值;(2)在整个运动过程中,设正方形PQMN 与△BCD 的重合部分面积为S ,请直接写出S 与t 之间的函数关系式和相应的自变量t 的取值范围;(3)如图2,当点Q 在线段AD 上运动时,线段PQ 与对角线BD 交于点E ,将△DEQ 沿BD 翻折,得到△DEF ,连接PF .是否存在这样的t ,使△PEF 是等腰三角形?若存在,求出对应的t 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.13.在锐角△ABC中,AB=AC,AD为BC边上的高,E为AC中点.(1)如图1,过点C作CF⊥AB于F点,连接EF.若∠BAD=20°,求∠AFE的度数;(2)若M为线段BD上的动点(点M与点D不重合),过点C作CN⊥AM于N点,射线EN,AB交于P点.①依题意将图2补全;②小宇通过观察、实验,提出猜想:在点M运动的过程中,始终有∠APE=2∠MAD.小宇把这个猜想与同学们进行讨论,形成了证明该猜想的几种想法:想法1:连接DE,要证∠APE=2∠MAD,只需证∠PED=2∠MAD.想法2:设∠MAD=α,∠DAC=β,只需用α,β表示出∠PEC,通过角度计算得∠APE=2α.想法3:在NE上取点Q,使∠NAQ=2∠MAD,要证∠APE=2∠MAD,只需证△NAQ∽△APQ.……请你参考上面的想法,帮助小宇证明∠APE=2∠MAD.(一种方法即可)14.如图,正方形ABCD中,对角线AC、BD交于点O,E为OC上动点(与点O不重合),作AF⊥BE,垂足为G,交BO于H.连接OG、CG.(1)求证:AH=BE;(2)试探究:∠AGO 的度数是否为定值?请说明理由;(3)若OG⊥CG,BG=32△OGC的面积.15.在直角坐标平面内,O为原点,点A的坐标为(10),,点C的坐标为(0)4,,直线CM x∥轴(如图所示).点B与点A关于原点对称,直线y x b=+(b为常数)经过点B,且与直线CM相交于点D,联结OD.(1)求b的值和点D的坐标;(2)设点P在x轴的正半轴上,若POD是等腰三角形,求点P的坐标;16.如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线y=12x+2与x轴交于点A,与y轴交于点C.抛物线y=ax2+bx+c的对称轴是x=32-且经过A、C两点,与x轴的另一交点为点B.(1)求抛物线解析式.(2)若点P为直线AC上方的抛物线上的一点,连接PA,PC.求△PAC的面积的最大值,并求出此时点P的坐标.(3)抛物线上是否存在点M,过点M作MN垂直x轴于点N,使得以点A、M、N为顶点的三角形与△ABC相似?若存在,求出点M的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.17.如图,在平面直角坐标系中,以原点O为中心的正方形ABCD的边长为4m,我们把AB y∥轴时正方形ABCD的位置作为起始位置,若将它绕点O顺时针旋转任意角度α时,它能够与反比例函数(0)k y k x =>的图象相交于点E ,F ,G ,H ,则曲线段EF ,HG 与线段EH ,GF 围成的封闭图形命名为“曲边四边形EFGH”.(1)①如图1,当AB y ∥轴时,用含m ,k 的代数式表示点E 的坐标为________;此时存在曲边四边形EFGH ,则k 的取值范围是________;②已知23k m =,把图1中的正方形ABCD 绕点O 顺时针旋转45º时,是否存在曲边四边形EFGH ?请在备用图中画出图形,并说明理由.当把图1中的正方形ABCD 绕点O 顺时针旋转任意角度α时,直接写出使曲边四边EFGH 存在的k 的取值范围.③若将图1中的正方形绕点O 顺时针旋转角度()0180a a ︒<<︒得到曲边四边形EFGH ,根据正方形和双曲线的对称性试探究四边形EFGH 是什么形状的四边形?曲边四边形EFGH 是怎样的对称图形?直接写出结果,不必证明;(2)正方形ABCD 绕点O 顺时针旋转到如图2位置,已知点A 在反比例函数(0)k y k x=>的图象上,AB 与y 轴交于点M ,8AB =,1AM =,试问此时曲边四边EFGH 存在吗?请说明理由.18.如图,在直角坐标系中,点C 在第一象限,CB x ⊥轴于B ,CA y ⊥轴于A ,3CB =,6CA =,有一反比例函数图象刚好过点C .(1)分别求出过点C 的反比例函数和过A ,B 两点的一次函数的函数表达式;(2)直线l x ⊥轴,并从y 轴出发,以每秒1个单位长度的速度向x 轴正方向运动,交反比例函数图象于点D ,交AC 于点E ,交直线AB 于点F ,当直线l 运动到经过点B 时,停止运动.设运动时间为t (秒).①问:是否存在t 的值,使四边形DFBC 为平行四边形?若存在,求出t 的值;若不存在,说明理由;②若直线l从y轴出发的同时,有一动点Q从点B出发,沿射线BC方向,以每秒3个单位长度的速度运动.是否存在t的值,使以点D,E,Q,C为顶点的四边形为平行四边形;若存在,求出t的值,并进一步探究此时的四边形是否为特殊的平行四边形;若不存在,说明理由.19.如图,在矩形ABCD中,已知AB=4,BC=2,E为AB的中点,设点P是∠DAB平分线上的一个动点(不与点A重合).(1)证明:PD=PE.(2)连接PC,求PC的最小值.(3)设点O是矩形ABCD的对称中心,是否存在点P,使∠DPO=90°?若存在,请直接写出AP的长.20.如图,⊙O经过菱形ABCD的三个顶点A、C、D,且与AB相切于点A.(1)求证:BC为⊙O的切线;(2)求∠B的度数.(3)若⊙O半径是4,点E是弧AC上的一个动点,过点E作EM⊥OA于点M,作EN⊥OC 于点N,连接MN,问:在点E从点A运动到点C的过程中,MN的大小是否发生变化?如果不变化,请求出MN的值;如果变化,请说明理由.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记,请不要删除一、压轴题1.(1)⊙O的半径为10,(2)AD长为19.2,(3)存在,四边形AGEF的面积的最大值为34.56.【解析】【分析】(1)如图1利用垂径定理构造直角三角形解决问题.(2)如图2在(1)基础上利用圆周角和圆心角的关系证明△OCH∽△DCK,求出Dk,再据垂径定理求得AD.(3)如图3以平行四边形AGEF的面积为函数,以AG边上的高为自变量,列出一个二次函数,利用二次函数的最值求解.【详解】(1)如图1连接OC ,因为OB AC ⊥,根据垂径定理知 HC=1112622AC =⨯= 在RT △BCH 中 ∵210BC = ∴由勾股定理知:2222BH (210)62BC HC =-=-=∴OH=OB-BH=OB-2 又∵OB=OC所以在RT △OCH 中,由勾股定理可得方程:2222)6OC OC -+=( 解得OC=10.(2)如图2,在⊙O 中:∵AC=CD ,∴OC ⊥AD (垂径定理) ∴AD=2KD ,∠HCK=∠DCK 又∵∠DKC=∠OHC=90° ∴△OCH ∽△DCK ∴KD DC HO OC= ∴DC 1248KD=8105HO OC =⨯==9.6 ∴AD=2KD=19.2.(3)如图3本题与⊙O 无关,但要运用前面数据.作FM ⊥AC 于M ,作DN ⊥AC 于N ,显然四边形AGEF 为平行四边形,设平行四边形AGEF 的面积为y 、EM=x 、DN=a (a 为常量), 先运用(2)的△OCH ∽△DCK ,得CK=7.2. 易得△DFE ∽△DAC , ∴DN-EM EFDN AC =(相似三角形对应高之比等于相似比) ∴DN EMAG=EF=AC DN- ∴AG=12()aa x - ∴平行四边形AGEF 的面积y=212()1212a x x x x a a -=-+(0<x <a ) 由二次函数知识得,当x=12a1222a-=-⨯时,y 有最大值. 把x=2a 代入到中得,12EF AC = ∴此时EF 、EG 、FG 恰是△ADC 的中位线 ∴四边形AGEF 的面积y 最大=111S 34.56222ADC AD CK ∆=⨯⨯=. 【点睛】本题主要考查与圆有关线段的计算、与二次函数有关的几何最值问题.(1)的关键是利用垂径定理构造直角三角形,最后用勾股定理进行计算.(2)的关键是运用与圆有的角的性质证明相似,再进行计算.(3)难点是分清图形的变与不变,选择恰当的变量并列出函数关系式.2.(1)22441()1221()2x mx m x m y x mx m x m ⎧-+-≥⎪=⎨-+-+<⎪⎩(2)图象G 在14x -≤≤范围内的最高点和最低点的坐标分别为(4,3),71,2⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭(3)当13m <或12m =或1m 时,图象G 在x m ≥的部分与x 轴只有一个交点(4)5363m +<<,1343m <<.【解析】 【分析】(1)根据分函数的定义直角写成关系式即可;(2)将m=1代入(1)所得的分函数可得2243(1)121(1)2x x x y x x x ⎧-+≥⎪=⎨-+-<⎪⎩,然后分11x -≤<和14x ≤≤两种情况分别求出最高点和最低点的坐标,最后比较最大值和最小值即可解答;(3)由于图象G 在x m ≥的部分与x 轴只有一个交点时,则可令对应二元一次方程的根的判别式等于0,即可确定m 的取值;同时发现无论m 取何实数、该函数的图象与x 轴总有交点,再令x=m 代入原函数解析式,求出m 的值,据此求出m 的取值范围; (4)先令2441x mx m m -+-=或-m①,利用根的判别式小于零确定求出m 的取值范围,然后再令x=m 代入2441x mx m m -+-=或-m②,然后再令判别式小于零求出m 的取值范围,令x=m 代入212212x mx m m -+-+=或-m③,令判别式小于零求出m 的范围,然后取①②③两两的共同部分即为m 的取值范围. 【详解】(1)图象G 对应的函数关系式为22441()1221()2x mx m x m y x mx m x m ⎧-+-≥⎪=⎨-+-+<⎪⎩(2)当1m =时,图象G 对应的函数关系式为2243(1)121(1)2x x x y x x x ⎧-+≥⎪=⎨-+-<⎪⎩.当11x -≤<时,将21212y x x =-+-配方,得21(2)12y x =--+. 所以函数值y 随自变量x 的增大而增大,此时函数有最小值,无最大值. 所以当1x =-时,函数值y 取得最小值,最小值为72y =-. 所以最低点的坐标为71,2⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭. 当14x ≤≤时,将243y xx =-+配方,得2(2)1y x =--.所以当2x =时,函数值y 取得最小值,最小值为1y =- 所以当4x =时,函数值y 取得最大值,最大值为3y =所以最低点的坐标为(2,1)-,最高点的坐标为(4,3)所以,图象G 在14x -≤≤范围内的最高点和最低点的坐标分别为(4,3),71,2⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭. (3)当x m ≥时,令0y =,则24410x mx m -+-=2(4)4(41)m m ∆=-- 24(21)m =-所以无论m 取何实数,该函数的图象与x 轴总有交点. 所以当12m =时,图象G 在12x ≥的部分与x 轴只有一个交点. 当x m =时,222441341y m m m m m =-+-=-+-. 令0y =,则23410m m -+-=. 解得113m =,21m =. 所以当13m <或1m 时,图象G 在x m ≥的部分与x 轴只有一个交点.综上所述,当13m <或12m =或1m 时,图象G 在x m ≥的部分与x 轴只有一个交点.(4)当2441x mx m m -+-=即24310x mx m -+-=, △=()()22443116124m m m m --=-+>0,方∵212416452<0-⨯⨯=-, ∴m 不存在;当2441x mx m m -+-=-即24510x mx m -+-=, △=()()22445116204m m m m --=-+<0,解得14<m <1;① 将x=m 代入2441>x mx m m -+-得-3m 2+3m-1>0,因△=()()234133<0-⨯--=-则m 不存在;将x=-m 代入2441>x mx m m -+-得-3m 2+5m-1>0, 解得m 或m ;②将x=m 代入212212x mx m m -+-+=得 221023<m m -+,解得m <或33m +<③ 将x=m 代入212212x mx m m -+-+=-得 21=023m m -+,因△=23145<02-⨯=-故m 不存在;在①②③m <14m <<,即为图象G 到x 轴的距离为m 个单位的点有三个时的m 的取值范围. 【点睛】本题属于二次函数综合题,考查了新定义函数的定义、二次函数最值和二次函数图像,正确运用二次函数图像的性质和分类讨论思想是解答本题的关键. 3.(1)3,5m n =-=;(2)30ACES=;(3)①点E 的坐标为:1653,1122⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭或6415,1111E ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭或3660,1111E ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭; ②圆心P 移动的路线长 【解析】 【分析】 (1)令2130,4y x x =--=求出点A (6,0),把点C (-4,n )代入在抛物线方程,解得:n=5,把点B (0,-3)代入34y x m =-+,从而可得答案;(2)记AC 与y 轴的交点为H ,利用()1.2ACEA C SBH x x =••-即可求解; (3)①分当点P 落在CA 上时,点P 落在AE 上时,点P 落在CE 上时三种情况讨论即可; ②分E 在D 和B 点两种情况,求出圆心12,P P 点的坐标,则圆心P 移动的路线长=12PP ,即可求解. 【详解】 解:(1)令2130,4y x x =--= 24120,x x ∴--=()()260,x x ∴+-= 122,6,x x ∴=-=∴ 点A (6,0),把点C (-4,n )代入在抛物线方程, 解得:()()214435,4n =⨯----= ()4,5C ∴-,把点B (0,-3)代入34y x m =-+,解得:3m =-, 则:直线l :334y x =--,…①3,5,m n ∴=-=(2)由(1)知:A (6,0)、B (0,-3)、C (-4,5)、 AC 中点为51,,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭设AC 为:,y kx b =+6045k b k b +=⎧∴⎨-+=⎩解得:123k b ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪=⎩AC ∴所在的直线方程为:132y x =-+, 如图,AC 与y 轴交点H 坐标为:(0,3),()1161030.22ACEA C SBH x x ∴=••-=⨯⨯=(3)如下图: ①当点P 落在CA 上时, 圆心P 为AC 的中点51,,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭其所在的直线与AC 垂直,1,2AC k =-AC ∴的垂直平分线即圆心P 所在的直线方程为:2,y x a =+把51,2⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭代入得:52,2a =+ 1,2a ∴=122y x ∴=+…②,334122y x y x ⎧=--⎪⎪∴⎨⎪=+⎪⎩①②解得:1611,5322x y ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩E 的坐标为1653,1122⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭; 当点P 落在AE 上时, 设点3,3,4E m m ⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭则点P 的坐标633,282m m +⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭, 则PA=PC ,2222633633645282282m m m m ++⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫∴-++=++++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭解得:64,11m =-故点6415,.1111E ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭当点P 落在CE 上时, 则PC=PA , 同理可得:36,11m = 故点3660,1111E ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭综上,点E 的坐标为:1653,1122⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭或6415,1111E ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭或3660,1111E ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭;②当E 在D 点时,作AD 的垂直平分线交AC 的垂直平分线于1P 点, 则156,2D ⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,1P 的纵坐标为15,4- 代入②式,解得:11715,,84P ⎛⎫-- ⎪⎝⎭ 同理当当E 在B 点时, 作AB 的垂直平分线交AC 的垂直平分线于2P 点,()()6,0,0,3,A B -AB ∴的中点为:33,2⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭,设AB 为:y ex f =+,603e f f +=⎧∴⎨=-⎩解得:123e f ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=-⎩∴ AB 直线方程为:132y x =-, 设AB 的垂直平分线方程为:12,y x b =-+1323,2b ∴-⨯+=-192b ∴=, ∴ AB 的垂直平分线方程为:92,2y x =-+122922y x y x ⎧=+⎪⎪∴⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩解得:152x y =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩251,,2P ⎛⎫∴ ⎪⎝⎭则圆心P 移动的路线长=12PP ==故答案为:255 8【点评】本题是二次函数的综合题,考查了二次函数与x轴的交点坐标,利用待定系数法求解一次函数的解析式,三角形的外心的性质、一次函数的交点问题,勾股定理的应用,综合性很强,是难度较大类题目.4.(1)y=x2+2x﹣3;(2)①存在,点P的坐标为(1,﹣2)或(﹣5,﹣8);②点M(﹣43,﹣359)【解析】【分析】(1)y=ax2+bx﹣3=a(x+3)(x﹣1),即可求解;(2)①分点P(P′)在点C的右侧、点P在点C的左侧两种情况,分别求解即可;②证明△AGR≌△RHM(AAS),则点M(m+n,n﹣m﹣3),利用点M在抛物线上和AR =NR,列出等式即可求解.【详解】解:(1)y=ax2+bx﹣3=a(x+3)(x﹣1),解得:a=1,故抛物线的表达式为:y=x2+2x﹣3①;(2)由抛物线的表达式知,点C、D的坐标分别为(0,﹣3)、(﹣1,﹣4),由点C、D的坐标知,直线CD的表达式为:y=x﹣3;tan∠BCO=13,则cos∠BCO10①当点P(P′)在点C的右侧时,∵∠P′AB=∠BCO,故P′B∥y轴,则点P′(1,﹣2);当点P在点C的左侧时,设直线PB交y轴于点H,过点H作HN⊥BC于点N,∵∠PBC=∠BCO,∴△BCH为等腰三角形,则BC=2CH•cos∠BCO=2×CH1022 3110 +解得:CH=53,则OH=3﹣CH=43,故点H(0,﹣43),由点B、H的坐标得,直线BH的表达式为:y=43x﹣43②,联立①②并解得:58 xy=-⎧⎨=-⎩,故点P的坐标为(1,﹣2)或(﹣5,﹣8);②∵∠PAB=∠BCO,而tan∠BCO=13,故设直线AP的表达式为:y=13x s+,将点A的坐标代入上式并解得:s=1,故直线AP的表达式为:y=13x+1,联立①③并解得:43139xy⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,故点N(43,139);设△AMN的外接圆为圆R,当∠ANM=45°时,则∠ARM=90°,设圆心R的坐标为(m,n),∵∠GRA+∠MRH=90°,∠MRH+∠RMH=90°,∴∠RMH=∠GAR,∵AR=MR,∠AGR=∠RHM=90°,∴△AGR≌△RHM(AAS),∴AG=m+3=RH,RG=﹣n=MH,∴点M(m+n,n﹣m﹣3),将点M的坐标代入抛物线表达式得:n﹣m﹣3=(m+n)2+2(m+n)﹣3③,由题意得:AR=NR,即(m+3)2=(m﹣43)2+(139)2④,联立③④并解得:29109mn⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩,故点M(﹣43,﹣359).【点睛】本题考查的是二次函数综合运用,涉及到一次函数的性质、三角形全等、圆的基本知识等,其中(2)①,要注意分类求解,避免遗漏.5.(1)详见解析;(2)详见解析;(3)BD=2r=2【解析】【分析】(1)根据已知条件得到∠EBC=∠ADC=90°,根据平行线分线段成比例定理得出AG CG GD==EF CF BF,等量代换即可得到结论;(2)证明∠PAO=90°,连接AO,AB,根根据直角三角形斜边中线的性质,切线的性质和等量代换,就可得出结论;(3)连接AB,根据圆周角定理得到∠BAC=∠BAE=90°,推出FA=FB=FE=FG=3,过点F作FH⊥AG交AG于点H,推出四边形FBDH是矩形,得到FB=DH=3,根据勾股定理得到FH=22,设半径为r,根据勾股定理列方程即可得到结论.【详解】解:(1)∵EB是切线,AD⊥BC,∴∠EBC=∠ADC=90°,∴AD∥EB,(同位角相等,两直线平行)∴AG CG GD==EF CF BF,(平行线分线段成比例)∵G是AD的中点,∴AG=GD,∴EF=FB;(2)证明:连接AO,AB,∵BC是⊙O的直径,∴∠BAC=90°,(直径所对圆周角为直角)在Rt△BAE中,由(1)知,F是斜边BE的中点,直角三角形斜边中线为斜边一半,∴AF=FB=EF,且等边对等角,∴∠FBA=∠FAB,又∵OA=OB,∴∠ABO=∠BAO,∵BE是⊙O的切线,∴∠EBO=90°,∵∠EBO=∠FBA+∠ABO=∠FAB+∠BAO=∠FAO=90°,∴PA是⊙O的切线;(3)如图2,连接AB,AO,∵BC是直径,∴∠BAC=∠BAE=90°,∵EF=FB,∴FA=FB=FE=FG=3,过点F作FH⊥AG交AG于点H,∵FA=FG,FH⊥AG,∴AH=HG,∵∠FBD=∠BDH=∠FHD=90°,∴四边形FBDH是矩形,∴FB=DH=3,∵AG=GD,∴AH=HG=1,GD=2,FH,∴BD=设半径为r,在Rt ADO中,AO=AD+OD,∵222r=4,解得:r=∴222综上所示:BD=r=【点睛】本题主要考察了平行线的性质及定理、平行线分线段成比例定理、等边对等角、直角三角形斜边中线的性质、圆周角定理、勾股定理及圆的切线及其性质,该题较为综合,解题的关键是在于掌握以上这些定理,并熟练地将其结合应用.6.(1)见解析;(2)x=4,16【解析】【分析】(1)连接EF,根据矩形和正方形的判定与性质以及折叠的性质,运用SAS证明OBC≌OED即可;(2)连接EF、BE,再证明△OBE是直角三角形,然后再根据勾股定理得到y与x的函数关系式,最后根据二次函数的性质求最值即可.【详解】(1)证明:连接EF.∵四边形ABCD是矩形,∴AD=BC,∠ABC=∠BCD=∠ADE=∠DAF=90°由折叠得∠DEF=∠DAF,AD=DE∴∠DEF=90°又∵∠ADE=∠DAF=90°,∴四边形ADEF是矩形又∵AD=DE,∴四边形ADEF是正方形∴AD=EF=DE,∠FDE=45°∵AD=BC,∴BC=DE由折叠得∠BCO=∠DCO=45°∴∠BCO =∠DCO =∠FDE .∴OC =OD .在△OBC 与△OED 中,BC DE BCO FDE OC OD =⎧⎪∠=∠⎨⎪=⎩,,, ∴△OBC ≌△OED (SAS );(2)连接EF 、BE .∵四边形ABCD 是矩形,∴CD =AB =8.由(1)知,BC =DE∵BC =x ,∴DE =x∴CE =8-x由(1)知△OBC ≌△OED∴OB =OE ,∠OED =∠OBC .∵∠OED +∠OEC =180°,∴∠OBC +∠OEC =180°.在四边形OBCE 中,∠BCE =90°,∠BCE +∠OBC +∠OEC +∠BOE =360°,∴∠BOE =90°.在Rt △OBE 中,OB 2+OE 2=BE 2.在Rt △BCE 中,BC 2+EC 2=BE 2.∴OB 2+OE 2=BC 2+CE 2.∵OB 2=y ,∴y +y =x 2+(8-x)2.∴y =x 2-8x +32∴当x=4时,y 有最小值是16.【点睛】本题是四边形综合题,主要考查了矩形和正方形的判定与性质、折叠的性质、全等三角形的判定、勾股定理以及运用二次函数求最值等知识点,灵活应用所学知识是解答本题的关键.7.(1)见详解;(2)①见详解;②EF=2.【解析】【分析】(1)连接OC ,则OA=OB=OC ,先证明OA ∥FC ,则有∠ACE=∠CAO ,由∠ABE=∠ACE ,然后得到∠AOB=∠AOC ,即可得到结论成立;(2)①先证明BE 是直径,则先证明∠ACD=∠EBC ,由∠ABC=∠ACB ,则∠BCD=∠ABG=∠ACE ,则得到∠EGC=∠ECG ,即可得到GE=EC ;②由①可知,GE=EC=r+1,在直角三角形BCE 中,由勾股定理得222(2)8(1)r r =++,得到半径,然后得到EC 的长度;作OM ⊥CE 于点M ,则EM=3,即可求出EF 的长度.【详解】解:(1)连接OC ,则OA=OB=OC ,∴∠ABO=∠BAO ,∠ACO=∠CAO ,∵AF 是切线,∴∠FAO=90°=∠AFC ,∴OA ∥FC ,∴∠CAO=∠ACE=∠ABO ,∴∠ABO=∠BAO=∠ACO=∠CAO ,∴∠AOB=∠AOC ,∴AB=AC ;(2)①∵AF ∥BC ,∠AFC=90°,∴∠BCE=90°,∴BE 是直径,∵CD ⊥AB ,∴∠DAC+∠ACD=∠BEC+∠EBC ,∵∠DAC=∠BEC ,∴∠ACD=∠EBC ,∵AB=AC ,∴∠ABC=∠ACB ,∴∠ABO+∠EBC=∠ACD+∠BCD ,∴∠ABO=∠BCD=∠ACE ,∴∠EBC+∠BCD=∠ACD+∠ACE ,∴∠EGC=∠ECG ,∴EG=EC ;②作OM ⊥CE 于点M ,如图:则四边形AOMF 是矩形,∴AO=FM ,∵OG=1,设GE=EC=r+1,在Rt △BCE 中,由勾股定理得222BE BC CE =+,∴222(2)8(1)r r =++,解得:=5r (负值已舍去),∴AO=FM=5,EC=6,∵OM ⊥EC ,OM 是半径,EC 是弦, ∴116322EM EC ==⨯=, ∴532EF FM EM =-=-=.【点睛】本题考查了圆的综合问题,切线的性质定理,圆周角定理,勾股定理,垂径定理,以及矩形的性质,同角的余角相等,解题的关键是熟练掌握所学的知识进行解题,注意正确作出辅助线,运用数形结合的思想进行分析.8.(152744;(3)4,理由见解析【解析】【分析】(1)作点C 关于AB 的对称点C ',连接DE ,与AB 交于点E ,连接CE .此时EC +ED =EC '+ED =C 'D 最短,易证DBC '=90°,C 'B =CB =2,DB =1,所以在Rt △DBC '中,C 'D 2=12+22=5,故CD 5EC +ED 5(2)作⊙A 关于x 轴的对称⊙A ′,连接BA ′分别交⊙A ′和⊙B '于M '、N ,交x 轴于P ,连接PA ,交⊙A 于M ,根据两点之间线段最短得到此时PM +PN 最小,再利用对称确定A ′的坐标,接着利用两点间的距离公式计算出A ′B 的长,然后用A ′B 的长减去两个圆的半径即可得到MN 的长,即得到PM +PN 的最小值;(3)如图③,延长AD、CE,交于点H,连接GH.易知GE=12DE=1,所以点G在以H为圆心,1为半径的圆周上运动,作点A关于BC的对称点A',连接A'H,与BC交于点F,与⊙H交于点G,此时AF+FG=A'F+FG=A'G为最短,AB=2,AH=BC=3,A'B=2,A'A=4,所以A'H=2234=5,因此A'G=A'H﹣GH=5﹣1=4,即该装置中的两根连接杆AF 与FG长度和的最小值为4.【详解】解:(1)如图①,作点C关于AB的对称点C',连接DE,与AB交于点E,连接CE.∴CE=C'E,此时EC+ED=EC'+ED=C'D最短,∵AC=BC=2,∠ACB=90°∴∠CBA=∠CAB=45°,C'B=CB=2∴∠C'BA=45°,∴∠DBC'=90°∵D是BC边的中点,∴DB=1,在Rt△DBC'中,C'D2=12+22=5,∴CD=5,∴EC+ED的最小值是5,故答案为5;(2)如图②,作⊙A关于x轴的对称⊙A′,连接BA′分别交⊙A′和⊙B'于M'、N,交x轴于P,连接PA,交⊙A于M.则此时PM +PN =PM '+PN =M 'N 最小,∵点A 坐标(﹣2,3),∴点A ′坐标(﹣2,﹣3),∵点B (3,4),∴A 'B =()()223243+++=74,∴M 'N =A ′B ﹣BN ﹣A ′M '=74﹣1﹣3=74﹣4∴PM +PN 的最小值为=74﹣4;(3)如图③,延长AD 、CE ,交于点H ,连接GH .∵∠DAB =∠B =∠C =90°∴∠DHE =90°,∵G 是DE 的中点,DE =2,∴GE =12DE =1, ∵联动杆DE 的两端D 、E 允许在AD 、CE 所在直线上滑动,∴点G 在以H 为圆心,1为半径的圆周上运动,作点A 关于BC 的对称点A ',连接A 'H ,与BC 交于点F ,与⊙H 交于点G ,此时AF +FG =A 'F +FG =A 'G 为最短,∵AB =2,AH =BC =3,A 'B =2,A 'A =4,∴A 'H 2234+,∴A 'G =A 'H ﹣GH =5﹣1=4,所以该装置中的两根连接杆AF 与FG 长度和的最小值为4.【点睛】本题考查了圆的综合题,涉及到勾股定理、轴对称性质求最短值,综合性比较强,结合题意添加合适的辅助线是解题的关键.9.(1)1;(2)①2225-;②max 432y =,min 12y =-;(3)31n -<≤-,514n <≤ 【解析】【分析】(1)先求出5y ax =-的相关函数,然后代入求解,即可得到答案;(2)先求出二次函数的相关函数,①分为m <0和m ≥0两种情况将点B 的坐标代入对应的关系式求解即可;②当-3≤x <0时,y=x 2-4x+12,然后可 此时的最大值和最小值,当0≤x≤3时,函数y=-x 2+4x-12,求得此时的最大值和最小值,从而可得到当-3≤x≤3时的最大值和最小值; (3)首先确定出二次函数y=-x 2+4x+n 的相关函数与线段MN 恰好有1个交点、2个交点、3个交点时n 的值,然后结合函数图象可确定出n 的取值范围.【详解】解:(1)根据题意,一次函数5y ax =-的相关函数为5,(0)5,(0)ax x y ax x -≥⎧=⎨-+<⎩, ∴把点()5,10A -代入5y ax =-+,则(5)510a -⨯-+=,∴1a =;(2)根据题意,二次函数2142y x x =-+-的相关函数为2214,(0)214,(0)2x x x y x x x ⎧-+-≥⎪⎪=⎨⎪-+<⎪⎩, ①当m <0时,将B (m ,32)代入y=x 2-4x+12得m 2-4m+1322=, 解得:m=2-当m≥0时,将B (m ,32)代入y=-x 2+4x-12得:-m 2+4m-12=32, 解得:m=2综上所述:m=2m=2m=2②当-3≤x <0时,y=x 2-4x+12,抛物线的对称轴为x=2,此时y 随x 的增大而减小, ∴当3x =-时,有最大值,即2143(3)4(3)22y =--⨯-+=, ∴此时y 的最大值为432. 当0≤x≤3时,函数y=-x 2+4x 12-,抛物线的对称轴为x=2, 当x=0有最小值,最小值为12-,当x=2时,有最大值,最大值y=72.综上所述,当-3≤x≤3时,函数y=-x2+4x12-的相关函数的最大值为432,最小值为12-;(3)如图1所示:线段MN与二次函数y=-x2+4x+n的相关函数的图象恰有1个公共点.∴当x=2时,y=1,即-4+8+n=1,解得n=-3.如图2所示:线段MN与二次函数y=-x2+4x+n的相关函数的图象恰有3个公共点.∵抛物线y=x2-4x-n与y轴交点纵坐标为1,∴-n=1,解得:n=-1.∴当-3<n≤-1时,线段MN与二次函数y=-x2+4x+n的相关函数的图象恰有2个公共点.如图3所示:线段MN与二次函数y=-x2+4x+n的相关函数的图象恰有3个公共点.∵抛物线y=-x2+4x+n经过点(0,1),∴n=1.如图4所示:线段MN与二次函数y=-x2+4x+n的相关函数的图象恰有2个公共点.∵抛物线y=x 2-4x-n 经过点M (12-,1), ∴14+2-n=1,解得:n=54. ∴1<n≤54时,线段MN 与二次函数y=-x 2+4x+n 的相关函数的图象恰有2个公共点. 综上所述,n 的取值范围是-3<n≤-1或1<n≤54. 【点睛】本题主要考查的是二次函数的综合应用,解答本题主要应用了二次函数的图象和性质、函数图象上点的坐标与函数解析式的关系,求得二次函数y=-x 2+4x+n 的相关函数与线段MN 恰好有1个交点、2个交点、3个交点时n 的值是解题的关键.10.(1)m=()()21200304603040t t t t +≤≤⎧⎪⎨+<≤⎪⎩, (2) t=40时w 最大=13200,(3)a 的最大值是85=2a . 【解析】【分析】(1)由图2知m 与t 是一次函数关系,设0≤t≤30时的解析式为m=k 1t+b 1,由图形的点(0,120),(30,180)在函数图像上代入解析式即可,设3040t <≤时的解析式为m=k 2t+b 2,由图形的点(40,220),(30,180)在函数图像上 代入解析式即可,(2)由商品没有成本价,为此只要商品的销售额最大,利润就最大,设y 1的总价为w 1,y 2的总价为w 2,总价=销售单价×销售量m 即可列出, w 1=2260720022103600t t t t ⎧-++⎨-++⎩与w 2=222036003801200t t t ⎧-++⎪⎨⎪+⎩两种总销售w=w 1+w 2,把w 函数配方讨论当030t ≤≤,第一段w 最大与3040t <≤,在第二段,w 最大经比较即可(3)根据题意决定每销售1千克产品就捐赠a 元给“环保公益项目”,则捐赠额a(4t+60)后10天每日销售额Q=w-am=-2t 2+(290-4a)t+4800-60a ,Q≥3600,构造抛物线Q 在Q=3600直。
2018-2019年上海市西南模范中学九上周练八数学试卷(含答案)
初三数学周练八一、选择题1.ABC 中,点D 、E 在AB 、AC 上,由下列比例不能得到//DE BC 的是()A.AB ACAD AE= B.AD AEBD EC= C.BD CEAB AC= D.AD DEAB BC=2.在Rt ABC 中,斜边上的高把斜边分成4和6两部分,则ABC 的面积为()A. B.C. D.3.若点()1,6、()7,6是二次函数()20y ax bx c a =++≠图像上的两点,则它的对称轴是()A.直线2x =B.直线3x =C.直线4x =D.直线5x =4.抛物线开口向下,且与y 轴的交点在x 轴的下方,则下列结论正确的是()A.0,0a c >> B.0,0a c << C.0,0a c >< D.0,0a c <>5.一次函数y ax b =+与二次函数2y ax bx c =++在同一坐标系中的图像可能是()6.已知:如图,在正方形ABCD 外取一点E ,连接AE 、BE 、DE .过点A 作AE 的垂线交DE 于点P .若1,AE AP PB ===.下列结论:①APD AEB ≅ ;②点B 到直线AE ;③EB ED ⊥;④1APD APB S S +=+⑤4ABCD S =正方形,其中正确结论的序号是()A.①③④B.①②⑤C.③④⑤D.①③⑤二、填空题7.在比例尺为1:5000000的地图上量得两地的距离是7cm ,那么这两地的实际距离是____________km .8.将二次函数23y x =的图像向下平移2个单位,再向右平移4个单位后,所得图像相应的函数解析式为____________.9.一物体由斜面底部沿斜面向前推了26米,如果这个物体升高了10米,那么这个斜面的坡度为____________.10.在Rt ABC 中,90C ∠=,BD 是ABC 的角平分线,将BCD 沿着直线BD 翻折,点C 落在1C 处,如果5,4AB AC ==,那么1sin ADC ∠的值是____________.11.抛物线()26930y ax ax a a =-++≠的顶点坐标是____________.12.如果等腰梯形一条较长的底边长为15cm ,该底的一个底角的余弦值为35,高为8cm ,那么这个等腰梯形一条较短的底边长为____________cm .13.如图,在菱形ABCD 中,60,ABC AE AB ∠=⊥,交BD 于点G ,交BC 的延长线于点E ,那么AGGE=____________.14.已知A 、B 是抛物线221y x x =+-上的两点,且AB 与x 轴平行,如果6AB =,那么点A 的坐标为____________.15.已知G 是ABC 的重心,过G 作//DE BC 分别交AB 、AC 于D 、E ,如果9ABC S = ,那么四边形DBCE 的面积是____________.16.在等腰ABC 中,底角为α,AB AC m ==,则ABC S = ____________(用含α、m 的式子表示).17.如图,将边长为12的正方形ABCD 的顶点A 折叠至DC 边上的点E 处5DE =,折痕FQ 交AE 于点M ,则FMMQ=____________.18.在平面直角坐标系中,已知()1,2A 、()0,1B -和()0,2C 三点,在第一象限内求一点D ,使得以A 、B 、D 三点为顶点的三角形与ABC 相似,所求点D 的坐标为____________.三、解答题19.计算:2sin 304cos 60tan 45cot 60cos30sin 60+-⋅+.20.如图,在ABC 中,点D 是AC 边上一点,且:2:1AD DC =,设,BA a BC b == ,用xa yb+(x 、y 为实数)的形式表示BD .21.在梯形ABCD 中,//,15,13,8AD BC AB CD AD ===,B ∠是锐角,4sin 5B =,求BC 的长.22.如图,一架飞机在高度为5千米的点A 时,测得前方山顶D 的俯角为30度,水平向前飞行2千米到达点B 时,又测得山顶D 的俯角为45°.求这座山的高度DN (结果可保留根号).23.如图,在ABC 中,90,CAB CFG B ∠=∠=∠,过点C 作//CE AB ,交CAB ∠的平分线AD 于点E .(1)不添加字母,找出图中所有相似的三角形,并证明;(2)证明:FC ADCG ED=.24.如图,抛物线22y ax ax c =-+与y 轴交于点()0,4C ,与x 轴交于点A 、B ,点A 的坐标为()4,0.(1)求该抛物线的解析式;(2)点Q 是线段AB 上的动点,过点Q 作//QE AC ,交BC 于点E ,连接CQ .当CQE 的面积最大时,求点Q 的坐标;(3)若平行于x 轴的动直线l 与该抛物线交于点P ,与直线AC 交于点F ,点D 的坐标为()2,0.问:是否存在这样的直线l ,使得ODF 是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出点P 的坐标;若不存在,请说明理由.25.如图,在Rt ABC 中,90,6,8A AB AC ∠===,点D 为边BC 的中点,DE BC ⊥交边AC 于点E .点P 为射线AB 上的一动点,点Q 为边AC 上的一动点,且90PDQ ∠=.(1)求ED 、EC 的长;(2)若2BP =,求CQ 的长;(3)记线段PQ 与线段DE 的交点为F ,若PDF 为等腰三角形,求BP 的长.参考答案1-6DCCBCD 7.3508.23(4)2y x =--9.1:2.410.4511.(3,3)12.313.1214.(2,7)(4,7)or -15.516.22sin cos m αα17.51918.597(2,(,)355or19.220.1233BD a b=+ 21.22BC =22.(4km 23.略24.(1)2142y x x =-++;(2)(1,0)Q ;(3)(1+25.(1)1525,44DE CE ==;(2)193144CQ or =;(3)52536BP or =。
上海市2017-2018学年西南模范初三上学期英语第一次月考(有答案)
上海市2017-2018学年西南模范初三上学期英语第一次月考(有答案)西南模范2017学年第一学期初三英语阶段评估一月考Quiz III.Choose thebestanswer:26.Which of the following words matchesthe sound/keis/?A.kissB.cakeC.caveD.case27.Which of the following underlined partsis different in pronunciationfrom others?A.He washed his hands.B.Theystoppedus from coming in.C.I walked homelast night.D.Louise openeda bottle of wine.28.Vivian and her friends will go abroad for a trip______July,2019.A.toB.onC.inD.at29.There_____a lot of small flats,but now mostof us live in bigger ones.ed to beedto haveC.was usedto beD.is used to doing30---How long has the shop_______?---For ten years.A.beenopenB.openedC.beenopenedD.opening31.With the helpof the SMS service,it is______to send atext than a regular letter.A.much more quickly.B.quicklierC.much quickerD.quick32._____nice news reportabout F1race todayit isA.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How33.Theproblem is______hewill go for a walk with tonight.A.ifB.whoC.whenD.what34.The music from the nextdoor sounded______.It almost drove memad.A.beautifulB.sweetC.awfulD.healthy35.Ben______lift theheavy box by himself,so he asked his fatherfor help.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.couldn'tD.shouldn't36.The pizza was so big.Weonly had one-third of it and left_____for tomorrowA.otherB.the othersC.restD.the rest37.You won't calculate faster than computers______you havea really amazing brain.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.but38.The price of my dress isn't as_____as_____of her dress.A.expensive,/B.expensive,thatC.high,/D.high,that39.Jack has read quite______science books,but I'm sorry to sayhe has learnt______from them.A.few,a littleB.a few,littleC.few,littleD.a few,a little40.The number of tall buildings______greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD.haveincreased41.It's too cold today.Would you mind______the window for me?A.closeB.closesC.closingD.to close42.When the632-meterShanghai Tower______,it will be the secondtallest building in the world.A.finishesB.finishedC.will finishD.is finished43.He has seenthe film_______,so he won't go with us for the film.A.sometimesB.sometimesC.sometimeD.sometime44.Did you ask theteacher______day before?A.What was happenedto herB.What she had happenedC.What she happenedD.What had happened to her45.A:I amafraid I can'tfinish my reporton time.it's so difficult.1 / 14。
2018年上海市西南模范初三上学期英语第一次月考(有答案)-文档资料
西南模范2019学年第一学期初三英语阶段评估一月考Quiz III.Choose the best answer:26.Which of the following words matches the sound/keis/?A.kissB.cakeC.caveD.case27.Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A.He washed his hands.B.They stopped us from coming in.C.I walked home last night.D.Louise opened a bottle of wine.28.Vivian and her friends will go abroad for a trip______July,2019.A.toB.onC.inD.at29.There_____a lot of small flats,but now most of us live in bigger ones.ed to beed to haveC.was used to beD.is used to doing30---How long has the shop_______?---For ten years.A.been openB.openedC.been openedD.opening31.With the help of the SMS service,it is______to send a text than a regular letter.A.much more quickly.B.quicklierC.much quickerD.quick32._____nice news report about F1race today it isA.What aB.WhatC.How aD.How33.The problem is______he will go for a walk with tonight.A.ifB.whoC.whenD.what34.The music from the next door sounded______.It almost drove me mad.A.beautifulB.sweetC.awfulD.healthy35.Ben______lift the heavy box by himself,so he asked his father for help.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.couldn'tD.shouldn't36.The pizza was so big.We only had one-third of it and left_____for tomorrowA.otherB.the othersC.restD.the rest37.Y ou won't calculate faster than computers______you have a really amazing brain.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.but38.The price of my dress isn't as_____as_____of her dress.A.expensive,/B.expensive,thatC.high,/D.high,that39.Jack has read quite______science books,but I'm sorry to say he has learnt______from them.A.few,a littleB.a few,littleC.few,littleD.a few,a little40.The number of tall buildings______greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD.have increased41.It's too cold today.Would you mind______the window for me?A.closeB.closesC.closingD.to close42.When the632-meter Shanghai Tower______,it will be the second tallest building in the world.A.finishesB.finishedC.will finishD.is finished43.He has seen the film_______,so he won't go with us for the film.A.sometimesB.some timesC.some timeD.sometime44.Did you ask the teacher______day before?A.What was happened to herB.What she had happenedC.What she happenedD.What had happened to her45.A:I am afraid I can't finish my report on time.it's so difficult.第 1 页 / 共 7 页B:______.A.Sorry!I don't knowB.That really sounds good!C.Take it easy.Maybe I can helpD.Thank you for telling me!plete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box.Each can only beused once.A.washedB.thinkspletelyD.aloneE.How aboutA man goes into a pet shop and tells the owner that he wants to buy a pet that can do everything. The shop owner suggests a faithful dog.The man replies,"Come on,a dog?""The owner asks, "__46__a cat?"The man replies,"No way!A cat certainly can't do everything.I want a pet that cando everything!"The shop owner__47__for a minute,then says,"I've got it a centipede!(蜈蚣)”The man says,“A centipede?I can't imagine a centipede doing everything,but okay...I'll try a centipede,He gets the centipede home and says to the centipede,"Clean the kitchen,"Thirty minutes later,he walks into the kitchen and...it's spotlessly clean!All the dishes and bowls have been__48__, dried,and put away;the tables cleaned;the appliances sparkling;the floor waxed.He is__49__ amazed.He says to the centipede,"go clean the living room."A.furnitureB.what's going onC.experienceD.putting onE.everTwenty minutes later,he walks into the living room.The carpet has been vacuumed;the50A cleaned and dusted;the pillows on the sofa plumped;Plants watered.The man thinks to himself,"This is the most amazing thing I've__51__seen.This really is a pet that can doeverything!"Next he says to the centipede,"Run down to the comer and get me a newspaper.The centipede walks out the door.10minutes later..no centipede.20minutes later..no centipede.30 minutes later.no centipede.By this point the man is wondering__52__.So he goes to the front door, opens it..and there's the centipede sitting right outside.The man says,"Hey!!I sent you down tothe comer store45minutes ago to get me a newspaper.What's the matter?!"The centipede says,"I'm going!I'm going!I'm just__53__my shoes!"plete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.54.Is the new building about the same_________as the TV tower?(high)55.On the__________day of this year,I wrote to Dad to tell him I love him.(four)56.Children should learn to look after__________instead of depending on their parents.(they)57.I think Tom should___________to the policeman for his rude behaviour.(apology)58.The speech__________talks about how to have a healthy die.(main)59.Keeping pet dogs is a good idea,and we can learn about__________from it.(responsible)60.The street artist__________in making the audience glad because of his performance.(success)61.Paper cutting is a___________skill with a history of thousands of years.(tradition)V.Rewrite the following sentences as required.62.He had to confirm his plane ticket in two days in advance.(改为否定句)He__________________to confirm his plane ticket in two days in advance.63.The magazine beside the TV is about how to protect the environment..(对划线部分提问)________________is about how to protect the environment?64.Peter would rather watch a competition than take part in one.(保持原句意思)Peter prefers________a competition_______taking part in one.65.We're not able to give up the life of the poor girl for the time being.(保持句意基本不变)We're not able to give up the life of the poor girl_______________.66.Jane wrote novels about nineteenth-century France a couple of years ago.(改为被动语态)第 2 页 / 共 7 页Novels about nineteenth-century France_______________a couple of years ago.67.My brother asked,"Has Lin Dan won the game?"(合并成宾语从句)My brother asked_______Lin Dan_______won the game.68.quickly,say,four seasons,in,that,can,changes,the weather,you,people,one day,so, experience(连词成句)_____________________________________________________________________.Part3Reading and Writing(第三部分读写)VI.Reading comprehension(阅读理解)A.Choose the best answer(A1)Daniel Boone was born in the United States in1734.He didn’t go to school and couldn’t read, although he learned all about the forests,streams and hunting.He could move silently like an Indian leaving no marks.He loved to live alone in the woods where nothing frightened him.When he grew up,he married and tried to settle down on a farm.A year later,however,he wasn’t satisfied and decided to go into the unknown western lands,crossing the Appalachian Mountains.When he returned after two years,he became famous for his long journey.He brought valuable animal skins and told stories about the Indians.After this,he chose to keep travelling to unknown places.Once he lost to the Indians in battleand was taken away.The Indians liked him and became his friends.Daniel Boone died at the age of86.He is remembered as an explorer and a pioneer who livedan exciting life in the early years of American nation.69.Daniel Boone’s early life was mainly spent in_________.A.learning about natureB.hunting with his friendsC.learning useful skills from the IndiansD.studying at home instead of going to school70.When he got married,Daniel Boone first planned to_________.A.set up a large farmB.go on a journey with his wifeC.find food,new land for his farmD.live a peaceful life with his family71.Why did the Indians want to make friends with him?A.Because they wanted to learn from him.B.Because he wanted to make peace with them.C.Because they wanted to make friends with white people.D.No reason is told in this article.(A2)Perhaps the most famous theory,the study of body movement,was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell.He believes that physical appearance is often culturally(文化的)programmed.In other words,we learn our looks—we are not born with them.A baby has generally unformed face features(特征).A baby,according to Bird whistle,learns where to set the eyebrows(眉毛)by looking at those around—family and friends.This helps explain why the people of some areas ofthe United States look so much alike,New Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学).The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth,it is learned after.In fact,the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth areset.For many,this can be well into grown-ups.A husband and wife together for a long time often第 3 页 / 共 7 页come to look somewhat alike.We learn our looks from those around us.This is perhaps why in a single country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas.In the United States, for example,the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently.In New England they smile less,and in the western part of New Y ork State still less.Many Southerners find cities such as New Y ork cold and unfriendly,partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree.Street in Atlanta,Georgi A.People in largely populated areas also smileand greet each other in public less than do people in small towns.72.Ray Birdwhistell whistle believes physical appearance_________.A.has little to do with cultureB.has much to do with cultureC.is ever changingD.is different from place to place73.According to the passage,the final mouth shape is formed_________.A.before birthB.as soon as one's teeth are newly setC.sometime after new teeth are setD.around15years old74.This passage might have been taken out of a book dealing with_________.A.physicsB.chemistryC.biologyD.body movementB.Choose the words or expressions and complete the passageAs I drove my blue Buick into the garage,I saw that a yellow Oldsmobile was parked too close tomy space.I had to drive back and forth to get my car into the___75___space.That left hardly enough room to open the door.Then one day I arrived home first,and just,as I turned off the engine, the yellow Oldsmobile entered its space—too close to my car as usual.At last I had a chance to meet the driver.My patience had___76___and I shouted at her,“Can’t you see you’re not leavingme enough space.Park father over.”Banging(猛推)open her door into___77___,the driver shouted back:“Make me!”With this she stepped out of the garage.Still,each time she got home first,she parked too close to my side.Then one day,I thought,“What can I do?”I soon found an answer.The next day the woman discovered a note on her windshield(挡风玻璃).Dear Y ellow Oldsmobile,..I’m sorry mistress(女主人)shouted at yours the other day.She’s been sorry about it.I know it because she doesn’t sing anymore while___78___.It wasn’t like her to scream like that.Fact is, she’d just got bad news and was taking it out on you two.I hope you and your mistress will forgive her.Your neighbor,Blue BuickWhen I went to the garage the next morning,the Oldsmobile was gone,but there was a note on my windshield:Dear Blue Buick,My mistress is sorry,too.She parked so___79___because she just learned to drive.W e will park much farther over after this.I’m glad we can be friends now.Your neighbor,Yellow OldsmobileAfter that,whenever Blue Buick___80___Yellow Oldsmobile on the road,their drivers waved cheerfully and smiled.plete B.close C.narrow D.fixed76.A.run into B.run about C.run out D.runoff第 4 页 / 共 7 页77.A.mine B.hers C.itself D.ours78.A.working B.driving C.returning D.cooking79.A.badly B.well C.noisily D.early80.A.followed B.passed C.found D.greetedC.Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper wordsTeamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field.Scientific investigations (调查)are c___81___about by teams of people working together.Ideas are shared,experiencesare designed,data are analyzed,and results are shared with other investigators.Group work is necessary,and more productive than working alone.Several times t___82___the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates.Whatever the task your group is assigned,a few rules need to be followed to get a successful experience.What comes f___83___is to keep an open mind,because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution.Secondly,it makes ajob easier to divide the group task among all group members.Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths.Thirdly,always work together,take turns,and encourage each other by listening,and trusting one another.Mutual support and trust often make a great d___84___.Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups.Here are some suggestions for effective team performance:Make sure each group member agrees to the task givento him or her,and everyone knows e___85___when,why and what to do;take turns doingv___86___tasks during similar and repeated activities;be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety;be responsible for your own learning.When there is research to be done,divide the topic into several areas.Y ou are encouraged to keep records of the sources used each person.A format for exchanging information(e.g.photocopiesof notes,oral discussion,etc.)is also important,because a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily u___87___.Most important of all,it is always wiseto make decisions by compromise and agreement.After you’ve completed a task with your team,make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness —the strengths and weaknesses,opportunities and challenges.D.Answer the questionsA young and successful man was traveling down a street,going a bit too fast in his new Jaguar.He was watching for kids running out from between parked cars.As his car passed,no children appeared.Instead,a brick smashed(猛烈撞击)into the Jaguar’s side door.He was very angry and drove the car back to the place where the brick had been thrown.The angry driver jumped out ofthe car and grabbed the nearest kid,shouting,“Who are you?What are you doing?That’s a newcar and that brick you threw is going to cost a lot of money.Why did you do that?”The young boywas apologetic.“I’m sorry.I didn’t know what else to do,”he said.“I threw the brick because noone else would stop.”With tears dripping down his face,the boy pointed to a spot just around a parked car.It’s my brother,”he said,“he fell out of his wheelchair and I can’t lift him up.”The boy asked the man,“Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair?He’s hurt第 5 页 / 共 7 页and he’s too heavy for me.”Moved beyond words,the driver hurriedly lifted the disabled boy into the wheelchair.“Thank you and God bless you,”the grateful child told the stranger.Too shook up for words,the man simply watched the little boy push his brother down the sidewalk toward their home.It was a long and slow walk back to the Jaguar.The damage was very noticeable,but the driver never bothered to repair the dented(凹陷的)side door.He kept the dent there to remind him of this message:Don’t go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention. God whispers in our souls and speaks to our hearts.Sometimes when we don't have time to listen,he has to throw a brick at us.88.Where did the story take place?89.What caused the young man to stop his car?90.Why did the boy try hard to stop the young man’s car?91.How did the boy feel when he said,“I didn’t know what else to do.’’?92.What did the young man do to help the boy?93.How do you understand the message the young man kept the dent to remind himself of“Don’tgo through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at you to get your attention.’’?Please explain it in your own words briefly.Writing94.Write a composition in at least60words according to the given situationSuppose your school newspaper is doing a survey on the topic“The thing I’d like to do most after the entrance examination”.Please give your reply and reasons.(假设你们校报在做一个调査,调査的主题是“中考后你最想做的一件事”,请给出你的答案,并说明理由)第 6 页 / 共 7 页26-30DDCAA31-35CABCC36-40DBDBB41-45CDBDC46.E47.B48.A49.C50.A51.E52.B53.D54.height55.fourth56.themselves57.apologize58.mainly59.responsibility 60.succeeded61.traditional62.didn’t have63.Which magazine64.watching,to65.at present66.were written67.if,had68.The weather changes so quickly that people say you can experience four seasons in one day.69.A70.D71.D72.B73.C74.D75.C76.C77.A78.B79.A80.B81.carried82.through83.first84.difference85.exactly86.various87. understood.88.In the street89.The fact that a brick smashed into his car’s side door.90.Because the boy’s brother fell out of his wheelchair and the boy can’t lift him up.91.He felt apologize.92.He hurriedly lifted the disabled boy into the wheelchair.93.There is a lot in our lives worth our care.第 7 页 / 共 7 页。
上海西南模范中学初中物理九年级全册第十八章《电功率》测试题(有答案解析)
一、选择题1.有一种半导体材料的电阻值随着温度的变化如表所示:用这种材料制成的热敏电阻与电压表等元件连成如图电路。
电源电压为6V,电压表量程为0 ~ 3V,R0阻值为500Ω。
若把电压表的刻度盘改为指示水温的刻度盘,则下列说法正确的是()t/℃020*********R/Ω500380300250220200A.环境温度越高,热敏电阻的阻值越大B.水温刻度盘上的0℃与电压表3V对应C.环境温度越高,对应电压表读数越大D.环境温度越低时,电路中的总功率变大2.在用电高峰时,家庭电路中的电压会比其他时段的220V稍微降低。
一盏标有“220V 100W”的白炽灯,在用电高峰和其他时段相比()A.额定功率不变,灯泡变暗B.实际功率不变,灯泡变暗C.实际功率减小,灯泡变亮D.额定功率减小,灯泡变亮3.下表是小明甲电饭煲铭牌的部分信息,小明家电能表的示数如图所示。
把电饭煲接在家庭电路中使用时,下列说法错误的是()额定电压220V频率50Hz额定功率高档1800W 中档1200W 低档500WA.电饭煲是利用电流的热效应工作的B.电饭煲在中档正常工作时电热丝阻值比低档正常工作时小C.电饭煲在高档正常工作10min,消耗的电能为1.08 106JD.若家中只接入电饭煲,在高档正常工作10min,电能表示数将变成84.3kW·h4.下列数据符合生活实际的是()A.手机正常通话时的电流约为5A B.人体的安全电压是36VC.液晶电视的额定功率约为100W D.普通白炽灯泡工作1小时耗电1kW·h 5.小明把标有“6V 3W”和“6V 2W”的两只小灯泡L1和L2串联接在电源电压为10V的电路中,不考虑灯丝电阻的变化,下列说法正确的是()A.小灯泡L1能正常发光B.小灯泡L2能正常发光C.通过小灯泡L1的电流大D.小灯泡L1和L2两端电压之比是3∶2 6.如图甲是某款电子测温仪,图乙是它内部的原理图,其中电源电压保持不变,R是热敏R为保护电阻;显示仪是由电流表或电压表改装而电阻,用于靠近人体测温,定值电阻成。
【初中数学】上海市西南模范中学初三(上)每周一练(2份)通用
【初中数学】上海市西南模范中学初三(上)每周⼀练(2份)通⽤第2题图ED C BA1 l 32初三(上)每周⼀练1初三班学号姓名 1、下列各组图形中,⼀定相似的是( )A 、两个矩形B 、两个菱形C 、两个正⽅形D 、两个等腰梯形 2、如图,在△ABC 中,已知DE ∥BC ,则下列等式中,不正确的是() A 、AC AE AB AD = B 、AE AD CE BD = AC AD 、ECDBAC AB =3、如图,直线l 1∥l 2和 A 、B 、C 和点 D 、E 、F .下列各式中,不⼀定成⽴的是()A 、EF DE BC AB = B 、DF DE AC AB = C 、CA BC FD EF = D 、CFBEBE AD =4、如图,已知l 1∥l 2∥l 3 , AB =3,BC =2,CD =1,那么下列式⼦中不成⽴的是()A 、EC :CG =5:1B 、EF :FG =1:1C 、EF :FC =3:2D 、EF :EG =3:5.5、如图,在□ABCD 中,E 为AD 的中点,若S □ABCD =a ,则S 阴影为()A 、81aB 、61aC 、51a D 、41a6、如图,在□ABCD 中,AC 、BD 相交于O ,F 在BC 延长线上,交CD 于E ,如果OE=EF ,则BF :CF 等于()A 、3:1B 、2:1C 、5:2D 、3:27、在⽐例尺为1:10 000的地图上,相距4厘⽶的两地A 、B 的实际距离为⽶. 8、已知23=b a ,则b a a2+= . 9、已知点P 是线段AB 的黄⾦分割点,AP >BP ,若AB =6,则BP = .10、如图,已知AE ∥BC ,AC 、BE 交于点D ,若DC AD11、如图,已知AC ∥BD ,AE =1,AB =3,AC =2,则BD = .12、如图,AD =x +4,BD =x 2-x ,AE =1,EC =x -2,则当x = 时,DE ∥BC . 13、若直⾓三⾓形的斜边长为18,则这个直⾓三⾓形的重⼼到直⾓顶点的距离为. 14、如图,梯形ABCD 中,AD //BC ,AC 交BD 于点O .若S △AOD =4,S△AOB =6,则S △BOC =______. 15、如图,□ABCD 中,点E 是BC 的黄⾦分割点,BEEFC AB D第6题图第5题图第10题图第11题图E DC BA 第12题图E D BAEDGABHF 16、如图,已知:菱形ADEF 内接于△ABC ,若AC =15,AB =10,则CF =17、梯形的上、下两底之⽐为5:9,⼀腰长为4cm ,则当这腰⾄少延长______cm 时,才可以和另⼀腰的延长线相交.18、如图,D 是BC 的中点,AM =MD ,BM 的延长线交AC 于N ,则=NCAN. 19、如图,梯形ABCD 中,AD //BC ,点E 在AB 边上, EF //AD ,若AB =5,AD =3,BC =7,BE =2.求EF 的长.20、如图,G 为□ABCD 边AD 上⼀点,BG 交AC 于F 点,分别延长BG 、CD 交于E 点,GH ∥CD ,交AC 于H .求证:(1)AF 2=FH·FC ;(2)DECDHC AH =.21、如图,已知△ABC ,延长BC 到D ,使CD =BC .取AB 的中点F ,联结FD 交AC 于点E . (1)求AC的值; (2)若AB =a ,FB =EC ,求AC 的长.22、如图,△ABC 中,点D 在边BC 上,DE //AB ,DE 交AC 于点E ,点F 在边AB 上,且AECEFB AF. (1)求证:DF //AC ;(2)如果BD :DC =1:2,△ABC 的⾯积为18cm 2,求四边形AEDF 的⾯积.23、如图,在△ABC 中,BD 平分∠ABC ,交AC 于点D ,点E 在BD 的延长线上,且BA ·BD =BC ·BE . (1)求证: △ABE∽△CBD ;(2)如果点F 在BD 上,CF =CD ,求证:AE ∥CF .24、如图,已知△ABC 中,AB =AC =5,BC =6,矩形EFGD 的边EF 在△ABC 的BC 边上,顶点D 、G 分别在边AB 、AC 上.(1)当BE 长为何值时,矩形EFGD 的⾯积为316;(2)联结EG ,当BE 长为何值时,△GEC 是以GC 为腰的等腰三⾓形.DD FB CAA D GB E F C25、如图,已知AM//BN ,∠A =∠B =90°,AB =4,点D 在射线AM 上,且AD =1,点E 是线段AB 上的⼀个动点(点E 与点A 、B 不重合),联结DE ,过点E 作DE 的垂线,交射线BN 于点C ,联结DC .设AE =x ,BC =y .(1)求y 关于x 的函数关系式,并写出它的定义域;(2)当CD =5时,求AE 的长;(3)点E 在运动过程中,△DEC 是否能和△AED 相似?如果能,求AE 的长;如果不能,请说明理由.初三(上)每周⼀练1参考答案1、C ;2、C ;3、D ;4、D ;5、B ;6、A ;7、400;8、73;9、539-;10、52;11、4;12、38;13、6;14、9;15、253-;16、9;17、5;18、21.19、过点A 作AG //DC ,与BC 、EF 分别相交于点G 、H ,∵AD //BC ,EF //AD ,∴四边形AHFD 、AGCD是平⾏四边形.∴CG =H F=AD =5,BG =BC –GC =7-3= 4.∵EF //BC ,∴ABAEBG EH =,∵AE =AB –BE =5-2=3,∴534=EH ,512=EH .∴EF =EH +HF =5273512=+. 20、(1)∵四边形ABCD 为平⾏四边形,∴AG //BC ,∴AF :FC =GF :FB ,∵GH ∥AB ,∴FH :AF=GF :FB ,∴AF :FC=FH :AF ,∴FC FH AF ?=2 (2)∵四边形ABCD 为平⾏四边形,∴GH ∥CD ,∴AH :HC =AG :GD ,∵GD ∥BC ,∴CD :DE =BG :GE ,⼜∵AB ∥DE ,∴AG :GD=BG :GE ,∴DECDHC AH =21、(1)过点F 作FM//AC ,交BC 于点M .∵F 为AB 的中点,∴M 为BC 的中点,FM =21AC .由FM//AC ,得∠CED =∠MFD ,∠ECD =∠FMD ,∴△FMD ∽△ECD ,∴32==FM EC DM DC ,∴EC =32FM =32×21AC =31AC ,∴3231=-=-=AC ACAC AC EC AC AC AE , (2)∵AB =a ,∴FB =21AB =21a ,⼜FB =EC ,∴EC =21a ,∵EC =31AC ,∴AC =3EC =23a .22(1)∵DE //AB ,∴BD CD AE CE =,∵AECEFB AF =,∴BD CD FB AF = ∴DF //AC . (2)∵DF //AC ,∴△BDF ∽△ABC ,∵BD :DC =1:2,∴91=??ABC FBD S S ,同理94=??ABC CDE S S ,∴ABC AED S S ΔF 94=四边形,∵△ABC 的⾯积为18cm 2,∴8=AEDF S 四边形cm 2. 23、(1)∵ BD 平分∠ABC ,∴∠ABD =∠CBD ;∵BA ·BD =BC ·BE ,∴BDBEBC AB =,∴△ABE ∽△CBD . (2)∵△ABE ∽△CBD ,∴∠AEB =∠BDC ,∵CF =CD ,∴∠CFD =∠BDC ∴∠AEB =∠CFD ,∴AE //CF .24、(1)过点A 作AH ⊥BC ,垂⾜为H .∵AB =AC ,∴BH =HC =3.∴在Rt △ABH 中,AH =22AH AB -=4.∵DE //AH ∴BH AH BE DE =,设BE =x ,34=x DE ,∴DE =x 34,∵AB =AC ,∴∠B =∠C ,⼜∠DEB =∠GFC =90°,DE =GF ,∴△DBE ≌△GFC ,∴FC =BE =x ,∴EF =6-2x ,∴()x x 2634316-=,解得x =1或2(2)当GE =GC 时,可证BE =DG =EF ,得:x =6-2x ,解得x =2,当CG =CE 时,可求:GC =35x ,得:35x =6-x ,解得x =49。
2018-2019学年上海市徐汇区西南模范中学九年级上学期英语期中考试试卷含答案
B. eight-minute
C. eight minute
D. eight minutes
【答案】B
30. The price of my dress isn’t as
as
of her dress.
A. experience, /
B. experience, that
C. high, /
D. high, that
33. Jane spends half of her pocket money on books. The rest
for fortune use.
A. is saved
B. are saved
C. saves
D. save
【答案】A
34. the film
for fifteen minutes when I got to the cinema.
【答案】B
32. Did you ask the teacher
the day before?
A. what was happened to her
B. what she had happened
C. what she happened
D. what had happened to her
【答案】D
【答案】C
42. She began to
something but stopped when she heard the teacher
.
A. tell, saying
B. speak, talking
C. say, speaking D. talk, telling
【答案】C
43. The weather there isn’t nice,
2018-2019学年西南模九上英语周测_
初三英语周测试卷(9AM1U1)Part 2 Vocabulary and GrammarⅡ. Choose the best answer.31. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from the others?A. More and more people spend their holidays in another country.B. The young lady over there is my aunt.C. He is old enough to look after himself.D. This house is made of wood.32. ___ the end of last spring, Tom joined the army ____ the end.A. At, atB. By, inC. In, atD. At, in33. Jane was glad to see her child well _____ when she visited the local nursery.A. take care ofB. taking care ofC. to be taken care ofD. taken care of34. Jim has never been back to his hometown _____ he went abroad three years ago.A. whenB. unlessC. sinceD. until35. He made _____ rapid progress _____ soon he began to write articles for an American newspaper.A. So, thatB. not, untilC. such, thatD. as, as36. Teenagers will learn more knowledge from real life _____ they have more chances to experience it.A. althoughB. ifC. becauseD. unless37. When ____ his childhood, he can’t help crying.A. look down onB. look up toC. look back onD. look around for38. –What do you think of Tina’s essay?–Well, I think it’s excellent ___ a few small mistakes.A. besidesB. includingC. except forD. except39. To tell you the truth, I read e-novels until mid-night _____.A. at a timeB. in timeC. on timeD. at times40. She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was ___ left at home.A. nothingB. noneC. somethingD. anything41. The Palace Museum is located in the center of Beijing. The underlined part means _____.A. laysB. lyingC. liesD. laid42. He is my ______ brother and he is two years _____ than I.A. elder; elderB. elder; olderC. older; olderD. older; elder43. ___ great news is to everyone in modern times!A. How aB. What aC. WhatD. How44. Newspapers say that so far H7N9 has caused several people ___.A. dieB. to dieC. dyingD. died45. The Great Wall is a place ____ we can admire the wisdom of ancient people.A. whichB. whereC. in whereD. that46. ___ can you make great progress in your study.A. Only in the wayB. Only in this wayC. By the wayD. On the way47. When I got there, the shop ___ for five minutes.A. openedB. had been openedC. has been openedD. had been open48. Though it looked like rainy this morning, it has _____ to be a fine day.A. turned upB. turned overC. turned onD. turned out49. –Excuse me, you just happened to take away my mobile phone by mistake.–____.A. I am fineB. I am really sorryC. Never mindD. That’s all right50. –Would you mind turning the radio a little down? My father is sleeping.–_____.A. My pleasureB. Of course notC. Never mindD. That’s a good idea,you can taste as much chocolate as you like, also you may visit many chocolate museums. You will ___51___ about the history of chocolate, explore the traditions of Swiss chocolate making, and even watch the chocolate production process.If you have a lot of money, taking a chocolate train can be a good ___52___. It will be a ___53___ journey to sit on a first-class seat, taste yummy chocolate, and visit the chocolate factory.You show no ___54___ in chocolate museums and chocolate trains? Well, a chocolate spa will meet your needs.the evening to relax with it?Tea has been an important part of daily life in China for hundreds of years. There is a ___55___ of tea, such as green tea, black tea, flower tea, and yellow tea. But two rising stars in China’s teacups --- white tea and dark tea --- are becoming more and more ___56___.Dark tea is made from rough, old tea leaves which darken to a deep brown colour during the long process.White tea, produced mostly in Fujian, is made by drying tea leaves. The local people ___57___ the fresh leaves out on the ground and keep them in jars after they have dried.Both dark tea and white tea have a long history in China. Dark tea and white tea are healthy drinks. Dark tea can ___58___ fat the body, lower blood pressure and slow the aging process.Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.59. Have you considered _________ to the patient for your careless drive?(apology)60. I’ve admit what he had done made me _________.(success)61. During the Anti-Japanese War, the kind woman saved many children and sent them to __________.(securely)62. To his ________, the official hit his kid brother.(angry)63. Children are afraid of the stone figures in the temple which look so ________.(fright)64. As a waitress, I should try our best to meet his immediate _________.(require)65. Can you make a speech for us at the very _________ of the ceremony?(begin)66. Please keep yourself ________ on the chair until the plane lands safely.(sit)Ⅱ. Rewrite the following sentences as required.67. Mr. Brown suggested solving the problem in a new way.(改为复合句)Mr. Brown suggested _________ they _________ solve the problem in a new way.68. What would you like to ask besides this question?(保持句意不变)What would you like to ask ________ _________ to this question?69. The Zhangs used to take a walk after dinner.(改为反意疑问句)The Zhangs used to take a walk after dinner, _________ _________?70. The sofa was very heavy. The removal man couldn’t carry it alone.(两句并为一句)The sofa was _________ _________ for the removal man to carry alone.71. How much have they spent in building the new airport?(改为被动语态)How much _________ _________ spent in building the new airport?72. I have no idea if I should visit my grandparents this Sunday.(改为简单句)I have no idea ________ ________ visit my grandparents this Sunday.73. that, time, will, into, make, get, you, sure, the, university, on(连词成句)_____________________________________________________________________________Part 3 Reading and WritingⅡ. Reading comprehension.A. Choose the best answer.Many people decide to rebuild or redecorate their homes at some point, and sometimes the job takes longer than expected. Very rarely, however, does it take as long as one house in the United States. The Winchester, house, owned by Sarah Winchester in San Jose, California, was rebuilt twenty-four hours a day for over thirty-eight years.The remarkable story of the Winchester house began in 1842 when Saran Pardee of Boston married William Winchester. William was the son of Oliver Winchester who had the right to make and sell the Winchester Rifle, one of the most popular guns of the time.In 1866, Sarah and William had a daughter, Annie, who died from a disease as a baby. Sarah wan sad about the death of her child. Then, tragedy struck Sarah again when William died of a disease in 1882. Although her husband left her about $20 million in savings, and an income of a thousand dollars a day, Sarah was again in the extreme sadness, and on the advice of a friend visited a fortune-teller. The fortune-teller told her that her bad luck was being caused by the ghosts of all the people who had been killed by the Winchester Rifle. The fortune-teller also told her to sell her home and“head towards the setting sun.”Sarah Winchester took the fortune-teller’s advice and moved west to California, where she found the perfect house for her.The original(原始的)house was a six-room farmhouse. As soon as she arrived, Sarah started taking the fortune-teller’s second piece of advice. She was told to never stop building her house. Using the money her husband had left her, she employed over twenty builders who worked night and day on the house. Every morning, Sarah would meet the head of the builders and give him hand-drawn building plans for the day. This went on until Sarah’s death in 1921.Today, the house has over 169 rooms, 13 bathrooms, 47 fire places. 40 staircases and 3 elevators. Guests at the house can look out over the land around the Winchester house from any of the house’s 10,000 windows. It is also easy for guests to get lost in the house. There are also, by some estimates, 2,000 doors if you include all the closest in the Winchester house, and doors behind which guests can find nothing but walls! Dozens of secret halls and trap doors are also built into the house. The reason why Sarah Winchester made all these changes isn’t entirely known. Many people think it was to confuse then many ghosts who are said to haunt the house. Others think Sarah was simply mad. Either way, Winchester House is now a major tourist attraction and brings in thousands of visitors a year.74. Sarah Winchester was the ______ of Oliver Winchester.A. wifeB. daughterC. daughter-in-lawD. mother75. ______ made Sarah decide to sell the home and bought a new house.A. Her daughter’s deathB. Her husband’s deathC. The guests killed by the RifleD. The fortune-teller’s advice76. The right sequence(顺序)of what happened is ______.①A fortune-teller gave some advice.②Annie and William died from some disease.③Sarah moved to California and employed 20 workers.④Winchester House became a major tourist attraction.⑤Sarah married William, the son of Oliver Winchester.⑥The rebuilding went on until Sarah’s death.A. ⑤③①④⑥②B. ④③⑤⑥①②C. ⑤②①③⑥④D. ③⑤①②⑥④77. The work on the house never until Sarah’s death because ____.A. it was the advice given by the fortune-tellerB. there was too much work to doC. Sarah always had new plans in the morningD. the builders wanted to set up a new record78. People visiting the house may find the house very ______.A. experienceB. frighteningC. strangeD. useless79. What can be the best title for this passage?A. The tragedy of Sarah WinchesterB. Secrets of a fortune-tellerC. The history of Winchester familyD. The story of a“longest”houseB. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage.In a bad economy, it might seem strange to think about quitting your job. However, sometimes resigning(辞职)is best way for you to move forward. Here are some signs that may point you toward the ___80___ door.1. Your work environment is not healthy. Stress is part of any job. But sometimes the frustrations of your job can begin to harm you. They can make you sick or ___81___. If you hate going to work, it’s time to leave.2. You need more income. Maybe you thought the salary was OK when you took the job. ___82___, now you need more income to support your family because of different life circumstances(环境,状况). Or maybe you feel that you’re not making what you’re worth.3. You are not being challenged. You have been in your positions for a while, and your skills have improved. Now the work you’re doing doesn’t seem interesting ___83___. Maybe you can get more responsibility at a different job.4. The ___84___ is going down fast. The slow economy has hurt a lot of business. Budget(预算)cuts and layoffs occur all too often as business try to stay afloat(漂浮的,继续持续的). Your position might be cut next.5. You have a bad relationship with your boss or co-workers. People at work don’t respect or value you. Your boss takes advantage of you. Your relationships have gotten so bad that they’re ___85___ the quality of your work. Maybe the only solution is to find new people to work with.6. You question the company’s ethics(伦理). Sad to say, but many leaders in business are not very honest. Sometimes the boss may ask you to do things that you know are not right. Maybe the company is lying about its products or stealing ideas from others. In that case. You should find a better company to work for.Remember: The exit door can sometimes open up a world of new opportunities.80. A. exit B. entrance C. front D. back81. A. excited B. pleased C. depressed D. interested82. A. Therefore B. Instead C. However D. Generally83. A. after all B. as well C. at once D. any longer84. A. economy B. company C. university D. honesty85. A. improving B. affecting C. increasing D. protectingC. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.Nowadays more and more people are crazy about travelling. Why do people travel?“To see more of the world,” many people would say. But travelling abroad now means much more than that for the growing number of Chinese tourists. Of course it o___86___ us good opportunities to meet people from other countries, learn about their culture and customs.According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), more than 1 billion people travelled to another country in 2012, Chinese people travelled a___87___ 30 percent more than in 2011. The prosperity (繁荣) of the tourism industry can also bring both our country and foreign countries ___88___ great benefits. Chinese people usually join large tourist groups and visit several countries in one trip.“A Chinese person is not going to the Mediterranean just to visit one place. These are the travelers of the future,”said the UNWTO.Chinese people don’t just travel for s___89___ either.The China International Travel Service Company said that all their tour trips sold out a month before Christmas Day. Stores offered discounts during that time. So shopping in Europe and the United States is popular among Chinese travelers.In December, China is going through a very cold winter. So many people like to go to some countries in Southeast Asia because of the p___90___ weather.“I want to enjoy the sunshine and beaches there, rather than the cold in Beijing,”said Hong Qian, who took a holiday to Malaysia. He spent ten days there with his family, His wife was very interested in Penang, an island city in Malasia.The improvement of living standards means more Chinese can travel abroad. But many of them don’t have a s___91___ of public manners. A report by Living Social website in March 2012 even listed Chinese as the world’s second worst t___92___, after Americans.If you want to change that bad name, remember to avoid the following: littering, spitting, snatching(抢夺)bus seats, line-jumping, taking off shoes in public, talking loudly and smoking in non-smoking areas. Besides, we should learn some necessary manners of foreign countries.D. Answer the questions.Music not only gives you something to sing and dance to, but also can make you feel happier. Scientists say that music can help to relax people’s mind and even help to relieve pain. How does music work its magic? It is the fact that music can adjust our mood. Recently, there is a scientific research to back up what we have always known about music. The studies have shown that when people are excited or happy they are more helpful. The opposite happens when people feel aggressive or under stress. The use of music can influence how helpful people can be. Dr. Adrian North made a study with 256 university students. Half the group took exercise in the gymnasium listening to music which can bring happiness and the other half exercised to aggressive music. When leaving the gym, the students were asked to hand out flyers in support of the local disabled athlete’s foundation.The results showed that nearly half of the group that listened to happy music were willing to hand out flyers. But less than 20% in the group that heard the aggressive music were willing to do so. This study suggests that our choice of music can influence our willingness to cooperate. While a study also shows that productivity can be increased with the right choice of background music in the workplace. As music stimulates(刺激)worker’s mind, job satisfaction is often positively influenced. Other studies have shown that workers who are in a good mood have more job satisfaction than those in a bad mood.These studies show that music can have a powerful influence on a person’s ability to cooperate. Moods have a direct influence on cooperation and job satisfaction. These factors also have a direct relationship to the success of a business.93. What do scientists say about music?_________________________________________________________________94. What does the phrase“back up”in Line 4, Paragraph 1 most probably mean?_________________________________________________________________95. Why do people use the right choice of background music in the workplace?_________________________________________________________________96. How many university students were asked to take exercise in the gymnasium listening to aggressive music?_________________________________________________________________97. How do people feel if they are bored or sad?__________________________________________________________________98. Which two factors have a direct relationship to the success of a business?__________________________________________________________________E. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.UK schools will turn to another ambitious educational reform: o___1___ compulsory cooking lessons to children between the ages of 7 and 14 by September 2014. The main purpose of the plan is to help children learn how to cook properly and understand the nutritional v___2___ of food, in an effort to prevent the continual rise of childhood obesity(肥胖). It’s feared that basic cooking and food preparation skills are being lost as parents turn to pre-prepared convenience foods.Before students c___3___ their lessons at 14, they will be able to cook at least 20 different dishes.The idea has been met with a considerable amount of p___4___ from around the country and is being seen as something that might finally make a difference to the future of the health of British children.For years, people in Britain and in other countries have been worked about the problem of children getting fatter and eating too much fast food. Part of the reason is that young people don’t know much about healthy food and f___5___ of them know to cook nutritious meal. Having cooking lessons in school will teach children a life skill that used to be l___6___ at home.Cooking was once regarded as an important part of education in England. In recent decades cooking has progressively become a minor activity in schools. In many c___7___, the schools themselves have given up cooking meals in kitchens in the schools. But the r___8___ level of obesity has led to a rethink about the food that children are given and the skills they should be taught. Simple cooking is a fundamental(基础的)skill that every young person should m___9___. It is at the heart of tackling(处理)obesity and will enable future generations to understand food diet and nutrition.“If we’d done this thirty years ago, we might not have the crisis we’ve got now about obesity and lack of knowledge about food and so on. Every child should know how to cook, not just so that they’ll be healthy, but because it’s a life skill which is a real p___10___,”said EdBalls, the minister responsible for schools.1. _________2. _________3. _________4. _________5. _________6. _________7. _________8. _________9. _________ 10. _________31-35.DDDCC 36-40BCCDB 41-45CBDBB 46-50BDDBB 51-54 BACD 55-58BEAC59.apologizing 60.successful 61.didn’t they 62.anger 63.frightening 64.requirements 65.beginning 66.seated 67.that should 68.in addition 69.didn’t they 70.too heavy 71.has been 72.whether to73.I make sure that you will get into the university on that time.80-85. ACCDBB86.offers 87.abroad 88.economic 89.sightseeing 90.pleasant 91.sense 92.tourists93. Music can help to relax people’s mind and even help to relieve pain.94. Yes, it does.95.Because productivity can be increased.96.They feel aggressive or under stress.97. On cooperation and job satisfaction.1.offering2.valueplete4.prise5.few6.learned7.cases8.rising9.master 10.pleasure。
上海市2018-2019年西南模范九年级数学上九月周练三
西南模范周练三一、选择题1. 如图是一个正方形网格,里面有许多三角形,在下面所列的各三角形中ABC 不相似的是( )A. BDEB. BCDC. FHGD. BFG2. 已知非零向量,,a b c ,其中2c a b =+,下列各向量中与c 是平行向量的是( )A. 2m a b =-B. 2n b a =-C. 42q a b =+D. 24g a b =+3. 已知在Rt ABC 中,∠C=90°,∠A 、∠B 、∠C 的对边分别是a 、b 、c ,则下列关系式错误的是( )A. sin a c A =B. cos c a B =C. tan b a B =D. cot b a A =4. 两个相似三角形的相似比为2:3,面积之差为302cm ,则面积之和为( )A. 42cmB. 762cmC. 782cmD. 802cm5. 如图,直角梯形ABCD 中,∠BCD=90°,AD//BC ,BC=CD ,E 为梯形内一点,且∠BEC=90°,将BEC 绕C 点旋转90°,使BC 与DC 重合,得到DCF ,连EF 交CD 于M ,已知BC=5,CF=3,则DM:MC 为( )A. 5:3B. 3:5C. 4:3D. 3:46. 如图,在四边形ABCD 中,点E 、F 分别是AB 、AD 的中点,若EF=2,BC=5,CD=3,则sinC 的值为( )A. 34B. 43C. 35D. 45二、填空题7. 计算:4sin 30cot 452cos30︒=︒+︒____________ 8. 抛物线()224y m x m 2=--+经过原点,则m=____________9. 在Rt ABC中,若1cos3A=,那么sinA=____________10. 已知点C是线段MN的黄金分割点(MC>NC),(3NC=cm,则MN=____________cm11. 如图:梯形ABCD中,AB//CD,AC交BD于点O,AB=2CD,如用AB、AD表示CO,那么CO=____________12. 如图(1)是一个横断面为抛物线形状的拱桥,当水面在l时,拱顶(拱桥洞的最高点)离水面2m,水面宽4m。
2018-2019学年上海市西南模范中学九年级上学期10月月考数学试卷(含详解)
2018西南模范初三月考卷一、选择题1.在Rt ABC 中,90C ∠=︒,4AB =,3AC =,那么下列各式中正确的是()A.3sin 4A =B.3cos 4A =C.3tan 4A =D.cot 34A =2.已知在△ABC 中,点D 、E 、F 分别在边AB 、AC 和BC 上,且DE ∥BC ,DF ∥AC ,那么下列比例式中,正确的是()A.AE CFEC FB= B.AE DEEC BC= C.DF DEAC BC= D.EC FCAC BC=3.在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,∠A ,∠B ,∠C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,则下列关系式错误的是()A.a =btan AB.b =ccos AC.a =csin AD.c =b sin A4.如图,平行四边形ABCD 中,过点B 的直线与对角线AC 、边AD 分别交于点E 和F ,过点E 作EG ∥BC ,交AB 于G ,则图中相似三角形有()A.7对B.6对C.5对D.4对5.如图,在ABC 中,//DE BC ,若23AD DB =,则:ADE BEC S S △△等于()A .2:15B.4:15C.4:9D.3:156.下列命题中,错误命题的个数有()①如图,若AB DEBC EF=,则////AD BE CF ;②已知一个单位向量e,设a是非零向量,则1||a e a =;③在ABC 中,D 在AB 边上,E 在AC 边上,且ADE ∆和ABC ∆相似,若3AD =,6DB =,5AC =,则它们的相似比为13或35;④在ABC 中,AB =,2AC =,BC 边上的高AD =,则4BC =,30B ∠=︒.A.4个B.3个C.2个D.1个二、填空题7.在比例尺为1:50000的地图上,某地区的图上面积为20平方厘米,则实际面积为__________平方千米.8.在ABC 中,2cos (1cot )0A B -+-=,则ABC ∆的形状是__________.9.α是锐角,若sinα=cos15°,则α=_____°.10.如图,梯形ABCD 中,//AD BC ,E 、F 分别是AB 、CD 上的点,且//EF BC ,53AE BC BE AD ==,若AB a = ,DC b = ,则向量EF 可用a 、b表示为______________.11.如图,在ABC 中,点D 是AB 的黄金分割点(AD BD >),BC AD =,如果90ACD ∠=︒,那么tan A =____________.12.如图AD 是ABC 的中线,E 是AD 上一点,且13AE AD =,CE 的延长线交AB 于点F ,若1.2AF =,则AB =______________.13.如图所示,在△ABC 中,DE ∥AB ∥FG ,且FG 到DE 、AB 的距离之比为1:2.若△ABC 的面积为32,△CDE 的面积为2,则△CFG 的面积S 等于_____.14.在ABC 中,3AB =,4AC =,ABC 绕着点A 旋转后能与AB C ''△重合,那么ABB ' 与ACC '△的周长之比为___________.15.如图,ABC 中,AB AC =,AD BC ⊥于D ,AE EC =,18AD =,15BE =,tan EBC ∠=____________.16.如图,AC 是高为30米的某一建筑,在水塘的对面有一段以BD 为坡面的斜坡,小明在A 点观察点D 的俯角为30°,在A 点观察点B 的俯角为45︒,若坡面BD 的坡度为3,则BD 的长为__________.17.已知,平行四边形ABCD 中,点E 是AB 的中点,在直线AD 上截取2AF FD =,连接EF ,EF 交AC 于G ,则AGAC=___________.18.如图,在Rt ABC 中,90C ∠=︒,5AB =,3BC =,点D 、E 分别在BC 、AC 上,且BD CE =,设点C 关于DE 的对称点为F ,若//DF AB ,则BD 的长为_________.三、解答题19.计算:00tan 45cot 302sin 45-﹣3sin60°+2cos45°.20.如图,D 是ABC 的边AC 上一点,12AD DC =,点E 、F 、G 分别是AD 、BD 、BC 的中点,设AB a =,AC b =.(1)试用a 、b的线形组合表示EG ;(2)在图中画出BF在a、b方向上的分向量.21.在Rt ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,5AB =,4sin 5CAB ∠=,D 是斜边AB 上一点,过点A 作AE CD ⊥,垂足为E ,AE 的延长线交BC 于点F .(1)当1tan 2BCD ∠=时,求线段BF 的长;(2)当54BF =时,求线段AD 的长.22.如图,在一笔直的海岸线l 上有A ,B 两个观测站,A 在B 的正东方向,AB =2(单位:km ).有一艘小船在点P 处,从A 测得小船在北偏西600的方向,从B 测得小船在北偏东450的方向.(1)求点P 到海岸线l 的距离;(2)小船从点P 处沿射线AP 的方向航行一段时间后,到达点C 处.此时,从B 测得小船在北偏西150的方向.求点C 与点B 之间的距离.(上述2小题的结果都保留根号)23.如图,在ABC ∆中,AB AC =,D 是BC 的中点,DF AC ⊥,E 是DF 的中点,联结AE 、BF .求证:(l )2DF CF AF =⋅;(2)AE BF ⊥.24.在平面直角坐标系中,四边形AOBC 的顶点O 是坐标原点,点B 在x 轴的负半轴上,且CB x ⊥轴,点A 的坐标为()0,6,在OB 边上有一点P ,满足AP =.(l )求P 点的坐标;(2)如果AOP 与APC △相似,且90PAC ∠=︒,求点C 的坐标.25.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,3AB =,4BC =,动点P 从点D 出发沿DA 向终点A 运动,同时动点Q 从点A 出发沿对角线AC 向终点C 运动,过点P 作//PE DC ,交AC 于点E ,动点P 、Q 的运动速度是每秒1个单位长度,运动时间为x 秒,当点P 动到点A 时,P 、Q 两点同时停止运动,设PE y =.(1)求y关于x的函数关系式;(2)探究:当x为何值时,四边形PQBE为梯形?(3)是否存在这样的点P和点Q,使P、Q、E为顶点的三角形是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有满足要求的x的值;若不存在,请说明理由.2018西南模范初三月考卷一、选择题1.在Rt ABC 中,90C ∠=︒,4AB =,3AC =,那么下列各式中正确的是()A.3sin 4A =B.3cos 4A =C.3tan 4A =D.cot 34A =【1题答案】【答案】B【分析】利用锐角三角函数的定义以及勾股定理分别求解,再进行判断即可.【详解】Rt △ABC 中,∠C=90°,AB=4,AC=3,由勾股定理得:BC===,所以sinA=4BC AB =,3cos 4AC A AB ==,tan 3BC A AC ==,37cot 7AC A BC ===.故选:B .【点睛】本题主要考查了锐角三角函数的定义以及勾股定理,熟练应用锐角三角函数的定义是解决问题的关键.2.已知在△ABC 中,点D 、E 、F 分别在边AB 、AC 和BC 上,且DE ∥BC ,DF ∥AC ,那么下列比例式中,正确的是()A.AE CFEC FB= B.AE DEEC BC= C.DF DEAC BC= D.EC FCAC BC=【2题答案】【答案】D【分析】根据题意证明△ADE ∽△ABC ,△BDF ∽△BAC ,结合平行线的性质列出比例式,比较、分析、判断即可解决问题.【详解】解:∵DE ∥BC ,DF ∥AC ,∴△ADE ∽△ABC ,∴△BDF ∽△BAC ,∴,,,,AD DE DF BD AD AE BF BDAB BC AC AB BD EC FC AD ====∴,,DF DE AE BF AD DEAC BC EC FC BD BC≠≠≠故选:D.【点睛】考查平行线分线段成比例定理,熟练掌握平行线分线段成比例定理是解题的关键.3.在Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,∠A ,∠B ,∠C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,则下列关系式错误的是()A.a =btan AB.b =ccos AC.a =csin AD.c =bsin A【3题答案】【答案】D【详解】根据三角函数的定义可得:tan ,cos ,sin a b a A A A b c c===,所以a =btan A ,b =ccos A ,a =csin A ,c =sin aA.所以,选项A 、B 、C 正确,选项D 错误,故选D.4.如图,平行四边形ABCD 中,过点B 的直线与对角线AC 、边AD 分别交于点E 和F ,过点E 作EG ∥BC ,交AB 于G ,则图中相似三角形有()A.7对B.6对C.5对D.4对【4题答案】【答案】C【分析】根据平行四边形的性质得出AD ∥BC ,AB ∥CD ,AD=BC ,AB=CD ,∠D=∠ABC ,推出△ABC ≌△CDA ,即可推出△ABC ∽△CDA ,根据相似三角形的判定定理:平行于三角形一边的直线截其它两边或其它两边的延长线,所截的三角形与原三角形相似即可推出其它各对三角形相似.【详解】图中相似三角形有△ABC ∽△CDA ,△AGE ∽△ABC ,△AFE ∽△CBE ,△BGE ∽△BAF ,△AGE ∽△CDA 共5对,理由是:∵四边形ABCD 是平行四边形,∴AD ∥BC ,AB ∥CD ,AD =BC ,AB =CD ,∠D =∠ABC ,∴△ABC ≌△CDA ,∴△ABC ∽△CDA ,∵GE ∥BC ,∴△AGE ∽△ABC ∞△CDA ,∵GE ∥BC ,AD ∥BC ,∴GE ∥AD ,∴△BGE ∽△BAF ,∵AD ∥BC ,∴△AFE ∽△CBE .故选:C.【点睛】本题考查相似三角形的判定,平行四边形的性质.5.如图,在ABC 中,//DE BC ,若23AD DB =,则:ADE BEC S S △△等于()A.2:15 B.4:15 C.4:9 D.3:15【5题答案】【答案】B【分析】由//DE BC ,证明23AD AE DB EC ==,再证明2233ADE ABE BDE BEC S S S S == ,,设=2ADE S m ,再求解152BEC mS = 从而可得答案.【详解】解: //DE BC ,23AD DB =,23AD AE DB EC ∴==,2233ADE ABE BDE BEC S S S S ∴== ,设=2ADE S m ,则3BDE S m = ,=5ABE S m ∴ ,523BEC m S ∴= ,152BEC mS ∴= 24.15152ADE BECS m m S ∴== 故选B .【点睛】本题考查的是平行线分线段成比例,三角形的面积比,掌握以上知识是解题的关键.6.下列命题中,错误命题的个数有()①如图,若AB DEBC EF=,则////AD BE CF ;②已知一个单位向量e ,设a是非零向量,则1||a e a = ;③在ABC 中,D 在AB 边上,E 在AC 边上,且ADE ∆和ABC ∆相似,若3AD =,6DB =,5AC =,则它们的相似比为13或35;④在ABC中,AB =,2AC =,BC边上的高AD =,则4BC =,30B ∠=︒.A.4个B.3个C.2个D.1个【6题答案】【答案】C【分析】根据平行线分线段成比例定理、平面向量的定义、相似三角形的性质、解直角三角形的有关定理和性质分别对每一项进行分析,即可得出答案.【详解】①∵AB DEBC EF=,∴AD ∥BE ∥CF ,故本选项正确;②得出的是a的方向不是单位向量,故本选项错误;③当△ADE ∽△ABC 时,则3193AD AB ==,当△ADE ∽△ACB 时,则35AD AC =,故本选项正确;④∵AB =,AC =2,BC 边上的高AD =,∴当△ABC 是锐角三角形时,1sin2AD B AB ==,∴∠B =30°,∴cos303BD ︒=⨯=,1DC ==,∴BC =4,∠B =30°,当△ABC 是钝角三角形时,同理可求BC =2,∠B =30°,故本选项错误;故选C .【点睛】本题考查了平行线分线段成比例定理、平面向量的定义、相似三角形的性质、解直角三角形,熟练掌握有关定理和性质是解题的关键,注意运用分类讨论的思想.二、填空题7.在比例尺为1:50000的地图上,某地区的图上面积为20平方厘米,则实际面积为__________平方千米.【7题答案】【答案】5【分析】根据比例尺即可求出图上面积与实际面积之比,从而求出实际面积.【详解】解:∵比例尺为1:50000∴图上面积与实际面积的比为2150000⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭=12500000000∴实际面积为20÷12500000000=50000000000(平方厘米)50000000000平方厘米=5平方千米故答案为:5.【点睛】此题考查的是比例尺,掌握图上面积与实际面积之比等于比例尺的平方是解题关键.8.在ABC 中,2cos (1cot )0A B -+-=,则ABC ∆的形状是__________.【8题答案】【答案】钝角三角形【分析】根据非负数的性质得到3cos =02-A ,1cot =0-B ,从而求出∠A 与∠B 的度数,即可判断△ABC 的形状.【详解】∵2cos (1cot )0A B +-=∴3cos =02-A ,1cot =0-B 即3cos =2A ,cot =1B ∴=30A ∠︒,=45∠︒B ∴=1803045=105∠︒-︒-︒︒C ∴ABC ∆是钝角三角形故答案为:钝角三角形【点睛】本题考查了非负数的性质,三角形的分类与特殊角度的三角函数值,熟记特殊角度的三角函数值是解题的关键.9.α是锐角,若sinα=cos15°,则α=_____°.【9题答案】【答案】75【分析】根据互余两角三角函数关系:sinα=cos(90°-α)求解即可.【详解】∵sinα=cos(90°-α),∴sinα=cos(90°-α)=cos15°,∴α=90°-15°=75°,故答案为75【点睛】本题考查互余两角三角函数关系,sinα=cos(90°-α)是解题时常用的知识,熟练掌握是解题关键.10.如图,梯形ABCD 中,//AD BC ,E 、F 分别是AB 、CD 上的点,且//EF BC ,53AE BC BE AD ==,若AB a = ,DC b = ,则向量EF 可用a 、b 表示为______________.【10题答案】【答案】171788b a - 【分析】过点A 作//AH CD 交EF 于点G ,交BC 于H ,可得AD=GF=CH ,然后用BH 表示出CH ,再求出AE AB ,根据相似三角形对应边成比例可得AE EG AB BH =,再用BH 表示出EG 、EF ,根据向量的三角形法则求出BH ,即可得解.【详解】解:如图,过点A 作//AH CD 交EF 于点G ,交BC 于H//,//AD BC EF BC∴四边形ADFG 、GFCH 、ADCH 均为平行四边形AD GF CH∴==53AE BC BE AD == 53BC AD ∴=,58AE AB =5233BH BC CH AD AD AD ∴=-=-=32CH BH ∴=//EF BCQ AEG ABH∴ 58AE EG AB BH∴==5317828EF EG GF BH BH BH ∴=+=+=若AB a = ,DC b = 则BH AH AB DC AB b a=-=-=- 17()8EF b a ∴=-故答案为:17()8b a - .【点睛】本题考查了平面向量、梯形、平行四边形与相似三角形相结合,关键在于作平行线表示出BH ,熟记向量的平行四边形法则和三角形法则是解题的关键.11.如图,在ABC 中,点D 是AB 的黄金分割点(AD BD >),BC AD =,如果90ACD ∠=︒,那么tan A =____________.【11题答案】【答案】12-【分析】首先根据黄金分割的定义得到512AD AB -=,2= AD AB BD ,然后证明 BCD BAC ,利用相似三角形的性质可求tan A 的值.【详解】∵点D 是AB 的黄金分割点(AD BD >)∴512AD AB -=,2= AD AB BD ,∵BC AD=∴2BC AB BD= ∴BC BD AB BC=又∵B B∠=∠∴ BCD BAC∴512-===CD BC AD AC AB AB 在Rt ACD △中,51tan =2=CD A AC 故答案为:512【点睛】本题考查了黄金分割,相似三角形的判定与性质,以及求角的正切值,判定 BCD BAC ,利用相似三角形的性质得到线段的比例关系是解题的关键.12.如图AD 是ABC 的中线,E 是AD 上一点,且13AE AD =,CE 的延长线交AB 于点F ,若1.2AF =,则AB =______________.【12题答案】【答案】6【分析】过D 作//DM CF 交AB 于M ,求出BMMF =,根据平行线分线段成比例定理求出13AF AE AM AD ==,即可得出5AB AF =,代入求出即可.【详解】解:过D 作//DM CF 交AB 于M ,AD 是ABC 的中线,∴D 为BC 的中点,∵//DM CF ,BM MF ∴=,AFE AMD ∽,∴13AF AE AM AD ==,13AF AM ∴=,BM MF = ,15AF AB ∴=,1.2AF = ,5 1.26AB ∴=⨯=,故答案为:6.【点睛】本题考查了平行线分线段成比例定理和相似三角形的性质和判定的应用,关键是求出15AF AB =.13.如图所示,在△ABC 中,DE ∥AB ∥FG ,且FG 到DE 、AB 的距离之比为1:2.若△ABC 的面积为32,△CDE 的面积为2,则△CFG 的面积S 等于_____.【13题答案】【答案】8.【分析】先证明△CDE ∽△CFG ~△CAB ,根据213216CDE CAB S S == ,可得边长之比;再根据FG 到DE 、AB 的距离之比为1:2,可得11112DE FG ==+,故124CDE CFGS S s == ,可解得△CFG 的面积.【详解】∵DE ∥AB ∥FG ,∴△CDE ∽△CFG ~△CAB ,∴213216CDE CAB S S == ,∴14DE AB =,∵FG 到DE 、AB 的距离之比为1:2,∴11112DE FG ==+,∴124CDE CFG S S s== ,△CFG 的面积S 等于8,故答案为8.【点睛】本题考查三角形的相似,若两个三角形相似,则两个相似三角形的面积之比等于相似比的平方.14.在ABC 中,3AB =,4AC =,ABC 绕着点A 旋转后能与AB C ''△重合,那么ABB ' 与ACC '△的周长之比为___________.【14题答案】【答案】3:4.【分析】利用旋转性质证明ABB ' 与ACC '△相似,据周长比等于相似比,问题得解.【详解】如图△ABC 绕着点A 旋转后能与△AB′C′重合,∴AB=AB′,AC=AC′∴''34AB AB AC AC ==又由旋转性质知∠BAB′=∠CAC′∴△ABB′∽△ACC′∴''''34AB AB BB AB AC AC CC AC ++==++.故答案为:3:4.【点睛】本题考查旋转性质,相似三角形的判定及周长比等于相似比.解决问题的关键是找准三角形相似的条件并选用合适的判定方法.15.如图,ABC 中,AB AC =,AD BC ⊥于D ,AE EC =,18AD =,15BE =,tan EBC ∠=____________.【15题答案】【答案】3 4【分析】如图,过点E作EG⊥BC于点G.构建△ADC的中位线,根据三角形中位线定理得到EG=12AD=9.则在直角△BEG中,由勾股定理得到:2212BE EG-=故tan∠EBC=93124 EGBG==.【详解】解:如图,过点E作EG⊥BC于点G.∵AD⊥BC于D,∴AD∥EG,又∵AE=EC,∴点E是AC的中点,∴EG是△ADC的中位线,∴EG=12AD=9.则在直角△BEG中,由勾股定理得到:222215912BE EG-=-=∴tan∠EBC=93124 EGBG==.故答案是:3 4.【点睛】本题考查了三角形中位线定理和锐角三角函数的定义.此题的难点是根据题意作出辅助线EG,利用“三角形的中位线平行于第三边,并且等于第三边的一半”求得EG 的长度.16.如图,AC 是高为30米的某一建筑,在水塘的对面有一段以BD 为坡面的斜坡,小明在A 点观察点D的俯角为30°,在A 点观察点B 的俯角为45︒,若坡面BD 的坡度为,则BD 的长为__________.【16题答案】【答案】30-【分析】延长CB 、AD 交于F 点,作DE BF ⊥,由题意得:30,45AFC ABC ∠=︒∠=︒,3tan3DBF ∠==,30AC m BC ==,30DBF ∠=︒,设DE x =,则BE EF ==,2BD x =,30BF ==,解出x 即可得出答案.【详解】解:延长CB 、AD 交于F 点,作DE BF⊥ 小明在A 点观察点D 的俯角为30°,在A 点观察点B 的俯角为45︒∴30,45AFC ABC ∠=︒∠=︒30AC m BC==∴在Rt ACF 中,,30)CF BF m==-又坡面BD 的坡度为则3tan3DBF ∠==30DBF ∴∠=︒设DE x =,则BE EF ==,2BD x =BF ∴=30∴=解得:15x =-230BD x ∴==-(米)故答案为:30-.【点睛】本题考查解直角三角形的应用,根据俯角、坡度的定义得出角的关系,利用特殊的三角函数值、构造直角三角形是解题的关键,属于中考常考题型.17.已知,平行四边形ABCD 中,点E 是AB 的中点,在直线AD 上截取2AF FD =,连接EF ,EF 交AC 于G ,则AG AC=___________.【17题答案】【答案】25;27.【分析】由于F 的位置不确定,需分情况进行讨论,(1)当点F 在线段AD 上时(2)点F 在AD 的延长线上时两种情况,然后通过证两三角形相似从而得到AG 和CG 的比,进一步得到AG 和AC 的比.【详解】解:(1)点F 在线段AD 上时,设EF 与CD 的延长线交于H ,∵AB//CD ,∴△EAF ∽△HDF,∴HD :AE=DF :AF=1:2,即HD=12AE ,∵AB//CD ,∴△CHG ∽△AEG ,∴AG :CG=AE :CH ,∵AB=CD=2AE ,∴CH=CD+DH=2AE+12AE=52AE ,∴AG :CG=2:5,∴AG :(AG+CG )=2:(2+5),即AG :AC=2:7;(2)点F 在线段AD 的延长线上时,设EF 与CD 交于H ,∵AB//CD ,∴△EAF ∽△HDF ,∴HD :AE=DF :AF=1:2,即HD=12AE ,∵AB//CD ,∴AG :CG=AE :CH∵AB=CD=2AE ,∴CH=CD-DH=2AE-12AE=32AE ,∴AG :CG=2:3,∴AG :(AG+CG )=2:(2+3),即AG :AC=2:5.故答案为:25或27.【点睛】本题考查相似三角形的性质以及分类讨论的数学思想;其中相似三角形的性质得出的比例式是解题关键,特别注意:求相似比不仅要认准对应边,还需注意两个三角形的先后次序.18.如图,在Rt ABC 中,90C ∠=︒,5AB =,3BC =,点D 、E 分别在BC 、AC 上,且BD CE =,设点C 关于DE 的对称点为F ,若//DF AB ,则BD 的长为_________.【18题答案】【答案】1【分析】如图,根据勾股定理可求出AC ,根据轴对称的性质可得EF =CE ,并设BD =CE =x ,易证△ABC ∽△GEF ,然后根据相似三角形的性质即可用x 的代数式表示出GE 与CG ,再根据平行线分线段成比例定理列式计算即可得解.【详解】解:如图,设BD =CE =x ,∵∠C =90°,AB =5,BC =3,∴AC 2222534AB BC -=-=,∵点C 关于DE 的对称点为F ,∴EF =CE =x ,∵DF ∥AB ,∴∠A =∠EGF ,∴△ABC ∽△GEF ,∴AB BC GE EF =,即53GE x =,解得GE =53x ,∴CG =GE +CE =53x +x =83x ,∵DF ∥AB ,∴CG CD AC BC =,即83343x x -=,解得x =1,即BD =1.故答案为:1.【点睛】本题考查了平行线分线段成比例定理、勾股定理、轴对称的性质以及相似三角形的判定和性质等知识,熟练掌握上述知识、掌握解答的方法是解题的关键.三、解答题19.计算:000tan 45cot 302sin 45-﹣3sin60°+2cos45°.【19题答案】【答案】+然后合并同类二次根式化简.【详解】解:000tan45cot302sin45-﹣3sin60°+2cos45°323222-⨯+⨯++=20.如图,D 是ABC 的边AC 上一点,12AD DC =,点E 、F 、G 分别是AD 、BD 、BC 的中点,设AB a = ,AC b = .(1)试用a 、b 的线形组合表示EG ;(2)在图中画出BF 在a 、b方向上的分向量.【20题答案】【答案】(1)1123EG a b =+ ;(2)图见解析.【分析】(1)利用三角形的中位线定理以及三角形法则解答即可;(2)利用平行四边形的法则作图即可.【详解】解:(1)∵AE =ED ,BF =DF ,∴EF ∥AB ,EF =12AB ,∴EF =12a ,∵BF =DF ,BG =GC ,∴FG ∥CD ,FG =12DC =13AC ,∴FG =13b ,∵EG =EF +FG ,∴1123EG a b =+ .(2)如图所示,图中BM ,BN 即为所求.【点睛】本题考查了三角形的中位线定理、三角形法则、平行四边形法则以及常见作图等知识,熟练掌握以上基本知识是解题的关键.21.在Rt ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,5AB =,4sin 5CAB ∠=,D 是斜边AB 上一点,过点A 作AE CD ⊥,垂足为E ,AE 的延长线交BC 于点F .(1)当1tan 2BCD ∠=时,求线段BF 的长;(2)当54BF =时,求线段AD 的长.【21题答案】【答案】(1)52BF =;(2)32AD =或AD =94.【分析】(1)先求出AC ,BC 的长,证出∠CAF =∠BCD ,再得到∠CAF 和∠BCD 的三角函数值都与∠BCD的三角函数值相等,进一步得到BF的长;(2)分两种情况①当点F在线段BC上时,根据三角函数值相等得到比例式,进而得到方程,求出BG的长,再由平行得到△ACD和△BDG相似从而得到相似比,得出方程求出AD的长;②当点F在CB的延长线上时,方法可参照①.【详解】解:(1)在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,AB=5,sin∠CAB=4 5,∴BC=4,AC=3,∵AE⊥CD,∠ACB=90°,∴∠BCD+∠AFC=90°,∠AFC+∠CAF=90°,∴∠CAF=∠BCD∴tan∠CAF=tan∠BCD=1 2,又∵∠ACB=90°,AC=3,∴CF=32,BF=52;(2)①如图1中,当点F在线段BC上时,过点B作BG//AC,交CD延长线于点G,∵tan∠CAF=tan∠BCD,∴CFAC=BGBC,即4BF3BGBC-=,∴BG=11 3,∵BG//AC,∴∠ACD=∠G,∠CAD=∠DBG,∴△BGD∽△ACD∴BG BDAC AD=,即53BG ADAD-=,∴AD=9 4.②如图2中,当点F在CB延长线上时,过点B作BG//AC,交CD延长线于点G,∵tan∠CAF=tan∠BCD,∴CF BGAC BC=,即4BF3BGBC+=,∴BG=7,∵BG//AC,∴∠ACD=∠G,∠CAD=∠DBG,∴△BGD∽△ACD∴BG BDAC AD=,即53BG ADAD-=∴AD=3 2.【点睛】本题考查三角形的三角函数的应用、相似的判定与性质,用到了分类讨论的思想,转化为方程去思考是解题的关键,本题是一道难度较大的综合题.22.如图,在一笔直的海岸线l上有A,B两个观测站,A在B的正东方向,AB=2(单位:km).有一艘小船在点P处,从A测得小船在北偏西600的方向,从B测得小船在北偏东450的方向.(1)求点P到海岸线l的距离;(2)小船从点P处沿射线AP的方向航行一段时间后,到达点C处.此时,从B测得小船在北偏西150的方向.求点C与点B之间的距离.(上述2小题的结果都保留根号)【22题答案】【答案】(1)1)km ;(2【分析】(1)过点P 作PD ⊥AB 于点D ,构造直角三角形BDP 和PDA ,PD 即为点P 到海岸线l 的距离,应用锐角三角函数即可求解.(2)过点B 作BF ⊥CA 于点F ,构造直角三角形ABF 和BFC ,应用锐角三角函数即可求解.【详解】解:(1)如图,过点P 作PD ⊥AB 于点D ,设PD=x ,由题意可知,PBD=45°,∠PAD=30°,∴在Rt △BDP 中,BD=PD=x在Rt △PDA 中,AD=PD=∵AB=2,∴解得x 1(km)==-∴点P 到海岸线l 的距离为1)km(2)如图,过点B 作BF ⊥CA 于点F ,在Rt △ABF 中,,在Rt △ABC 中,∠C=180°-∠BAC -∠ABC=45°,∴在Rt △BFC 中,∴点C 与点B 之间的距离为23.如图,在ABC ∆中,AB AC =,D 是BC 的中点,DF AC ⊥,E 是DF 的中点,联结AE 、BF .求证:(l )2DF CF AF =⋅;(2)AE BF ⊥.【23题答案】【答案】(1)见详解,(2)见详解【分析】(1)取CF 的中点G ,连接DG ,DA ,根据等腰三角形的性质和已知条件证明△DAF ∽△DFG ,进而证明∠FAE=∠FDG ,再证明∠BFD+∠FEA=90︒,即可得到AE ⊥BF .(2)因为E 是DF 的中点,G 是FC 的中点,所以AF :DF=EF :FG ,所以ΔAFE ∽ΔDFG,进而证明∠FAE=∠FDG ,再证明∠BFD+∠FEA=90°,即可得到AE ⊥BF .【详解】证明:(1)取CF 的中点G ,连接DG ,DA ,∵D 是BC 的中点,AB=AC ,∴AD ⊥BC ,∵DF ⊥AC ,∴∠DAF=∠FDC ,∴ΔDAF ∽ΔDFC ,∴AF :DF=DF :CF ,∴DF 2=CF AF ∙;(2)∵E 是DF 的中点,G 是FC 的中点,∴AF :DF=EF :FG ,∴ΔAFE ∽ΔDFG ,∴∠FAE=∠FDG ,∵G 是FC 的中点,∴在ΔCBF 中,DG//BF ,∴∠GDF=∠BFD ,∴∠FAE=∠BFD ,∵AF ⊥DF ,∴∠FAE+∠FEA=90°,∴∠BFD+∠FEA=90°,∴AE ⊥BF.【点睛】本题考查了等腰三角形的性质、相似三角形的判定和性质以及平行线的判定和性质,题目的综合性强,难度不小,对学生的解题能力要求很高.24.在平面直角坐标系中,四边形AOBC 的顶点O 是坐标原点,点B 在x 轴的负半轴上,且CB x ⊥轴,点A 的坐标为()0,6,在OB 边上有一点P ,满足AP =.(l )求P 点的坐标;(2)如果AOP 与APC △相似,且90PAC ∠=︒,求点C 的坐标.【24题答案】【答案】(1)()3,0P -;(2)()3,7.5C -,()12,12C -.【分析】(1)先根据题意画出图,然后再根据勾股定理得到3OP ===即可解答;(2)如图:先根据相似三角形的性质得到AC PA OP OA =或AC AP OA OP =,得到AC=352或AC=6C 作CD ⊥y 轴于D ,再证明∠DCA=∠PAO ,由相似三角形的性质可得CD AD AC OA OP AP ==,求得CD=3,AD=1.5或CD=12,AD=6即可解答.【详解】解:(1)如图:∵A (0,6).∴OA=6,∵∠AOP=90°,AP=∴3OP ===∴P 点的坐标为(-3.0);(2)如图:∵∠AOP=∠PAC=90°,AOP 与APC △相似∴AC PA OP OA =或AC AP OA OP=∴36AC =或63AC =∴AC=2或AC=6过C 作CD ⊥y 轴于D∵∠CDA=∠PAC=∠AOP=90°∴∠DCA+∠CAD=∠C4D+∠PAO=90°∴∠DCA=∠PAO∴△ADC ∽△POA ∴CD AD AC OA OP AP==∴3512632CD AD ==或63CD AD ==解得:CD=3,AD=1.5或CD=12,AD=6∴OD=7.5或OD=12∴点C 的坐标为(-3,7.5)或(-12,12).【点睛】本题考查了相似三角形的判定和性质、勾股定理等知识点,灵活应用所学知识并正确的作出辅助线是解答题的关键.25.如图,在矩形ABCD 中,3AB =,4BC =,动点P 从点D 出发沿DA 向终点A 运动,同时动点Q 从点A 出发沿对角线AC 向终点C 运动,过点P 作//PE DC ,交AC 于点E ,动点P 、Q 的运动速度是每秒1个单位长度,运动时间为x 秒,当点P 动到点A 时,P 、Q 两点同时停止运动,设PE y =.(1)求y 关于x 的函数关系式;(2)探究:当x 为何值时,四边形PQBE 为梯形?(3)是否存在这样的点P 和点Q ,使P 、Q 、E 为顶点的三角形是等腰三角形?若存在,请求出所有满足要求的x 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.【25题答案】【答案】(1)334y x =-+;(2)45x =;(3)43x =,2827或2013,83.【分析】(1)由四边形ABCD 为矩形,得到∠D 为直角,对边相等,可得三角形ADC 为直角三角形,由AD 与DC 的长,利用勾股定理求出AC 的长,再由//PE CD ,可得出APE ADC ∽,利用相似三角形的性质可得到y 与x 的关系式;(2)若QB 与PE 平行,得到四边形PQBE 为矩形,不合题意,故QB 与PE 不平行,当PQ 与BE 平行时,利用两直线平行得到一对内错角相等,可得出一对邻补角相等,再由//AD BC ,得到一对内错角相等,可得出APQ BEC ∽,由相似得比例列出关于x 的方程,求出方程的解即可得到四边形PQBE 为梯形时x 的值;(3)存在这样的点P 和点Q ,使P 、Q 、E 为顶点的三角形是等腰三角形,分两种情况考虑:当Q 在AE 上时,由AE AQ -表示出QE ,再根据PQ=PE ,PQ=EQ ,PE=QE 三种情况,分别列出关于x 的方程,求出方程的解即可得到满足题意x 的值;当Q 在EC 上时,由AQ AE -表示出QE ,此时三角形为钝角三角形,只能PE=QE 列出关于x 的方程,求出方程的解得到满足题意x 的值,综上,得到所有满足题意的x 的值.【详解】解:(1)∵矩形ABCD ,∴∠D=90°,AB=DC=3,AD=BC=4,∴在Rt ACD △中,利用勾股定理得:5AC ==,∵PE ∥CD ,∴APE ADC ∽,AP AE PE AD AC DC∴==又PD=x ,AD=4,453AP AD PD x AC PE y DC =-=-===,,,,即4453x AE y-==,∴334y x =-+;(2)若QB ∥PE ,四边形PQBE 是矩形,非梯形,故QB 与PE 不平行,当QP ∥BE 时,∠PQE=∠BEQ ,∴∠AQP=∠CEB ,∵AD ∥BC ,∴∠PAQ=∠BCE ,PAQ BCE ∴ ∽,PAAQAQBC CE AC AE ∴==-,由(1)得:445x AE-=554AE x ∴=-+,又PA=4-x ,BC=4,AQ=x ,即454554x xx -=⎛⎫--+ ⎪⎝⎭,整理得:()5416x -=,解得:45x =,经检验:4=5x 是原方程的根,且符合题意,∴当45x=时,QP∥BE,而QB与PE不平行,此时四边形PQBE是梯形;(3)存在.分两种情况:当Q在线段AE上时:595544x QE AE AQ x x=-=-+-=-,(i)当QE=PE时,935344x x-=-+,解得:43x=;(ii)当QP=QE时,∠QPE=∠QEP,∵∠APQ+∠QPE=90°,∠PAQ+∠QEP=90°,∴∠APQ=∠PAQ,∴AQ=QP=QE,∴954x x=-,解得:20=13x;(iii)当QP=PE时,过P作PF⊥QE于F,可得:11920952248xEF QE x-⎛⎫==-=⎪⎝⎭,∵PE∥DC,∴∠AEP=∠ACD,∴cos∠AEP=cos∠ACD=35CDAC=,∵cos∠AEP=209383534xFEPE x-==-+,解得:2827x=;经检验:2827x=是原方程的根,且符合题意,当点Q在线段EC上时,PQEV只能是钝角三角形,如图所示:∴PE EQ AQ AE==-,又53,5,3,44 AQ x AE x PE x ==-+=-+∴3535 44x x x⎛⎫-+=--+⎪⎝⎭,解得:83 x=.综上,当43x=或2013x=或2827x=或8=3x时,PQEV为等腰三角形.【点睛】本题考查的是矩形的判定于性质,勾股定理的应用,相似三角形的判定与性质,锐角三角函数的应用,平行线的性质,梯形的判定,以及等腰三角形的性质,利用了数形结合及分类讨论的数学思想,分类讨论时要做到不重不漏,掌握以上知识是解题的关键.。
(解析版)西南师大附中2018-2019年初三上抽考数学试卷(9月).doc
(解析版)西南师大附中2018-2019年初三上抽考数学试卷(9月)【一】选择题〔本大题共12个小题,每题4分,共48分。
在每个小题的下面,都给出了代号为A、B、C、D的四个答案,其中只有一个是正确的〕1、假设二次根式有意义,那么X的取值范围是〔〕A、X》1B、X≥1C、X《1D、X≤12、以下图形中,是中心对称图形的有〔〕A、4个B、3个C、2个D、1个3、两个圆的半径分别是2CM和7CM,圆心距是5CM,那么这两个圆的位置关系是〔〕A、外离B、内切C、相交D、外切4、从1~9这九个自然数中任取一个,是2的倍数的概率是〔〕A、B、C、D、5、如图,DC是⊙O直径,弦AB⊥CD于F,连接BC,DB,那么以下结论错误的选项是〔〕A、B、AF=BFC、OF=CFD、∠DBC=90°6、某种商品零售价经过两次降价后,每件的价格由原来的800元降为现在的578元,那么平均每次降价的百分率为〔〕A、10%B、12%C、15%D、17%7、代数式X2﹣4X+3的最小值是〔〕A、3B、2C、1D、﹣18、方程X2﹣3X=0的根是〔〕A、X=3B、X1=3,X2=﹣3C、X1=,X2=﹣D、X1=0,X2=39、如下图的向日葵图案是用等分圆周画出的,那么⊙O与半圆P的半径的比为〔〕A、5﹕3B、4﹕1C、3﹕1D、2﹕110、〔M2+N2〕〔M2+N2+2〕﹣8=0,那么M2+N2的值为〔〕A、﹣4或2B、﹣2或4C、﹣4D、211、如图,直线AB与半径为2的⊙O相切于点C,D是⊙O上一点,且∠EDC=30°,弦EF∥AB,那么EF的长度为〔〕A、2B、2C、D、212、把一副三角板如图〔1〕放置,其中∠ACB=∠DEC=90°,∠A=45°,∠D=30°,斜边AB=4,CD=5、把三角板DCE绕着点C顺时针旋转15°得到△D1CE1〔如图2〕,此时AB与CD1交于点O,那么线段AD1的长度为〔〕A、B、C、D、4【二】填空题〔本大题共6个小题,每题4分,共24分。
2018-2019年上海市西南模范九年级上周测一
西南模范初三数学周练一1. 两个相似三角形的相似比为4:9,则它们的面积比为( ) A. 2:3; B. 4:9; C. 4:81; D. 16:81;2. 如图,E 是四边形ABCD 边AD 上的点,联结BE 并延长交CD 的延长线于F ,以下比例式能判定FC//AB 的是( ) A.FD EF FC FB = B. FB AD =EF DE C. FD DE =AB AE D. DE BE=AE EF3. 已知线段a ,b ,c ,作线段x ,使::a b c x =,则正确的作法是( )4. 点D 在ABC ∆的边BC 上, 联结AD ,在下列各式中,能使ABC DBA ∆∆的是( ) A.AC AD BC BD =; B. AC AB BC AD=; C. AC CD BC =; D. AB BC BD =⋅ 5. 下列各组条件中,能判定ABC ∆与DEF ∆相似的是( ) A. 93,93,::;A D AB AC DE EF ∠=︒∠=︒= B. ,AB 2,3,:2:3B E AC DE DF ∠=∠===C. 2,3, 4.5,6, 4.5,9AB BC CA EF DE FD ======D. ::,180AB BC DE EF D F B =∠+∠+∠=︒6. 正方形ABCD 中,P 、Q 分别在CD 、BC 上,且PQ ⊥AP ,若CP :DP = 1:2,则( ) A. AP = 1.5PQ : B. AP = 2PQ : C. AP = 2.5PQ : D. AP = 3PQ7. 在比例尺为1:3000000的地图上,大连与长春的距离为25cm ,那么大连与长春的实际距离为____________千米8.xy=,则y 关于x 的函数解析式为____________.9. 如图,已知123////,3,2,4,15l l l AM BM BC DF ====,则DM = _____________. 10. 如图,ABC CDE ∆∆、都是等边三角形,若BC = 15, CD = 5,则CP = ____________.11. ABC ∆中,D 、E 分别在AB 、AC 上,CD 平分ACD DE//BC,DE=2,BC=5∠,,则AE = _____________12. 如图,已知平行四边形ABCD ,E 是边AB 的中点,联结AC 、DE 交于点O ,记向量,AB a AD b ==,则向量OE = _____________(用向量,a b 表示)13. 如图,G 是ABC ∆的重心,GE//AB ,则CE :AE = _____________ 14. 如图在ABC ∆中,AD 是BC 边上的中线,F 在AD 上,且AF :FD 是1:5,则AE :EB = _____________15. 如图,在ABCD 中,AB = 8cm ,AD = 4cm ,E 为AD 中点,在射线BA 上取一点F ,使CBF ∆与CDE ∆相似,则BF = _____________cm16. 如图,在ACD ∆中,BE//CD ,1,16ABE ACD S S ∆∆==,则B C D S ∆= ______________.17. 如图,在ABC ∆中,BAC 90,AB=AC ∠=,BD 是AC 上的中线,AF ⊥BD 于E ,则:DCF ABF S S ∆∆= _______________18. 已知ABC ∆中,AB = 6,AC = BC = 5,将ABC ∆折叠,使点A 落在BC 边上的点D 处,折痕为EF (点E 、F 分别在AB 、AC 上)。
沪科版中考数学模拟卷带答案
-2018年九年级数学月考模拟卷(总分150分,时长120分钟)注意事项:1.答题前务必先将自己的校区、姓名填写在卷面侧面。
2.答题时使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔或碳素笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题的答题卡上作答。
4.保持卷面清洁,不折叠、不破损。
一、选择题(每题4分,共40分)1.下列计算正确的是()A.﹣3+2=﹣5 B.(﹣3)×(﹣5)=﹣15 C.﹣(﹣2)=﹣4 D.﹣(﹣3)=﹣922,ab)x,,20%,,2.下列代数式:,2x﹣y(1﹣),其中是整式的个数是(5.3 C4 D...A2 B.分别从正面、左面和上面这三个方向看下面的四个几何3体中的一个,得到如图所示的平面图形,那么这个几何体是()---.B.C.DA.,该近似m.徐州市2018年元旦长跑全程约为7.5×1043)数精确到(0.1m 1m D.B1000m .100m C.A.5.下列各式从左到右的变形中,是分解因式的是())(x+5 B.x+5x=xa+b+cA.m()=ma+mb+mc 2(D.a+1=aa+)(C.x+5x+5=xx+5)+5 22月对11、12月连续3106.摩拜共享单车计划2017年、12台,10月投放深圳3000深圳投放新型摩拜单车,计划,x 每月按相同的增长率投放,设增长率为台,月投放6000 )则可列方程(=60001+x)A.3000(2=6000 +3000(1+x)(1+x)3000B.2=6000 )1﹣x3000C.(2=6000 1+x1+xD.3000+3000()+3000()2).下列说法正确的是(7的时间都在“明天降雨的概率是A.60%60%”表示明天有降雨---次就有一”表示每抛2B.“抛一枚硬币正面朝上的概率为次正面朝上100张彩票肯定会中奖1%”表示买“彩票中奖的概率为C.”表示的概率为.“抛一枚正方体骰子,朝上的点数为2D 这一事件发生”随着抛掷次数的增加,“抛出朝上的点数为2的概率稳定在附近CAB平分∠AD∠C=90°,AC=BC,△8.如图,ABC中,的周长则△且AB=6cm,DEBDE交BC于D,⊥AB于E )cm.为(12 ..A.6 B.8 C10 D垂.如图,点AAB在双曲线的第一象限的那一支上,9,点OC=2AB轴正半轴上,且,点直于y轴于点BC在x的中点,若△AE=3ECOB,点D为上,且在线段EAC ,则的面积为ADE3k 的值为()---9D .B.C.A.16DABC=90°,AB=BC,点10.如图,在Rt△ABC中,∠,分别BG⊥CDAB是线段上的一点,连接CD.过点B 作的直线相交且垂直于AB、CA于点EF,与过点A交CD、DF,给出以下三个结论:于点G,连接;①AF=的中点,则D是ABAB;②若点;其中正确的结论的序号是S=6S③若,则BDF△ABC△)(D.②③.①③A.①②③B C.①②分)5二、填空题(共4小题,每小题分,共20,如>APPB)两段(和把线段分割成.已知点11PAPPB的值等是果APABAP的比例中项,那么和PB:AB---.于xx=2,则a※b=,若5※.定义运算“※”12:.的值为的目的地,出发后第180km.一辆汽车开往距离出发地13一小时按原计划的速度匀速行驶,一小时后以原来速度的原到达目的地.1.5倍匀速行驶,结果比原计划提前40min 计划的行驶速度是.km/h个图中将正方形取上下对边中点连线后,1.14如图所示,第个图中,将第一个图再取右侧长方形的长边中点连线;第2中的右下方正方形继续按第一个图的方式进行操作,…,按为正整数)个图形中正方形的n(n此规律操作下去,则第个数是三、(15题16分,16题--20题每题8分,21题--22题每小题10分,23题14分,共90分)---|.°﹣|﹣﹣1)(2)++4cos3015.计算(0)﹣3tan30°+(﹣cos45(2)2cos30°+(π﹣°)1﹣0、2,),(13)、B(4的顶点坐标分别为.16如图,△ABCA .)C(2,1,并写出点x关于轴对称的△A BC1()作出与△ABC111的坐标;A1,A以原点)O 为位似中心,在原点的另一侧画出△BC2(222使A,并写出点=的坐标.2---是角平分BD中,∠BAC=90°,17.如图,在Rt△ABCE AC相交于点D为圆心,DA为半径的⊙与D线,以点的切线;BC)求证:是⊙D(1 的长.CEAB=5)若,BC=13,求2(---18.在一节数学实践课上,老师出示了这样一道题,如图1,在锐角三角形ABC中,∠A、∠B、∠C所对边分别是a、b、c,请用a、c、∠B表示b.2经过同学们的思考后,甲同学说:要将锐角三角形转化为直角三角形来解决,并且,如D⊥BC于点A不能破坏∠B,因此可以经过点,作AD ,大家认同;图2 中解决;△ACDRt 要在△ABD或Rt乙同学说要想得到b2(用含;BD= ,丙同学说那就要先求出AD=B的三角函数表示)c,∠(其中b丁同学顺着他们的思路,求出=AD+DC= 222);请利用丁同学的结论解决如下问题:+cossinαα=122°,∠BAD=60D=90中,ABCD∠B=∠°,在四边形3如图,.AB=4,AD=5 的长(补全图形,直接写出结果即可)求AC.---19.在平面直角坐标系中,将一块等腰直角三角板ABC放在第一象限,斜靠在两条坐标轴上,∠ACB=90°,且A(0,4),点C(2,0),BE⊥x轴于点E,一次函数y=x+b经过点B,交y轴于点D.(1)求证;△AOC≌△CEB;(2)求△ABD的面积..进入冬季,某商家根据市民健康需要,代理销售一种防20销售单价为经市场销售发现:元20/包,尘口罩,进货价为5就少售出每涨价包,1元,200包时,元30/每周可售出/30包.若供货厂家规定市场价不得低于元包.---(1)试确定周销售量y(包)与售价x(元/包)之间的函数关系式;(2)试确定商场每周销售这种防尘口罩所获得的利润w(元)与售价x(元/包)之间的函数关系式,并直接写出售价x的范围;(3)当售价x(元/包)定为多少元时,商场每周销售这种防尘口罩所获得的利润w(元)最大?最大利润是多少?21.在体育活动课中,体育老师随机抽取了九年级甲、乙两班部分学生进行某体育项目的测试,并对成绩进行统计分析,绘制了频数分布表,请你根据表中的信息完成下列问题:(1)频数分布表中a= ,b= ;(2)如果该校九年级共有学生900人,估计该校该体育项目的成绩为良和优的学生有多少人?---(3)已知第一组中有两个甲班学生,第二组中只有一个乙班学生,老师随机从这两个组中各选一名学生对体育活动课提出建议,则所选两人正好是甲班和乙班各一人的概率是多少?分组频数频率第一组(不30.及格5第二组(中b0.0第三组(良70.5第四组(优6a22.在Rt△ABC中,∠BAC=90°,E的中点,BC是D-- -是AD的中点,过点A作AF∥BC交BE的延长线于点F.(1)求证:△AEF≌△DEB;(2)证明四边形ADCF是菱形;(3)若AC=4,AB=5,求菱形ADCF的面积.-- -两点A,Bx+c与x轴交于+23.如图,抛物线y=﹣x2与抛物线x+3 A的直线y=B(点A在点的左侧),过点C 的纵坐标为6.交于点C,且点(1)求抛物线的函数表达式;,的面积为4点D是抛物线上的一个动点,若△ACD )(2 的坐标;求点D的直线与上方的点D 3()在(2)的条件下,过直线AC,F,若AE=EF轴正半轴交于点E抛物线交于点,与xtan求∠EAF的值.------试卷答案一.选择题(共10小题)1.下列计算正确的是()A.﹣3+2=﹣5 B.(﹣3)×(﹣5)=﹣15 C.﹣(﹣2)=﹣4 D.﹣(﹣3)=﹣922【解答】解:A、原式=﹣1,错误;B、原式=15,错误;C、原式=4,错误;D、原式=﹣9,正确,故选D,x,ab,(,2x﹣y,1﹣20%).2下列代数式:,),其中是整式的个数是(5.4 D.3 C.2BA.,﹣y解:其中是整式的有【解答】,2x﹣,(120%)x.故选:4C.,个数是ab.分别从正面、左面和上面这三个方向看下面的四个几何3体中的一个,得到如图所示的平面图形,那么这个几何体是()解:∵主视图和左视图都是长方形,∴此几何体为【解答】柱体,---∵俯视图是一个三角形,∴此几何体为三棱柱.故选A.4.徐州市2018年元旦长跑全程约为7.5×10m,该近似3数精确到()A.1000m B.100m C.1m D.0.1m【解答】解:7.5×10km,它的有效数字为7、5,精确到3百位.故选:B.5.下列各式从左到右的变形中,是分解因式的是()A.m(a+b+c)=ma+mb+mc B.x+5x=x(x+5)2)+1=a(a+x+5()+5 D.aC.x+5x+5=x22不符合题意;,)=ma+mb+mcm解:A、(a+b+c【解答】,符合题意;x+5)B、x+5x=x(2a++1=a(D、a)C、x+5x+5=x(x+5+5,不符合题意;22B),不符合题意,故选)(1+x【解答】.解:设增长率为x,由题意得30006..=6000.故选:A2”表示明天下、“明天降雨的概率是60%【解答】7.解:A 不符合题意;A雨的可能性较大,故”表示每次抛正面朝上B、“抛一枚硬币正面朝上的概率为的概率都是B,故不符合题意;---C、“彩票中奖的概率为1%”表示买100张彩票有可能中奖.故C不符合题意;”表示2的概率为D、“抛一枚正方体骰子,朝上的点数为这一事件发生2”随着抛掷次数的增加,“抛出朝上的点数为.D符合题意;故选:D的概率稳定在附近,故⊥AB,DE8.【解答】解:∵∠CAB,∴∠CAD=C=∠AED=90°,∵AD平分∠∴∠EAD,,∴△ACD和△AED中,≌△AED在△ACD ,(AAS)CD=DE∴AC=AE,,∴BD+DE=BD+CD=BC=AC=AE,为BD+DE+BE=AE+BE=AB=6,所以,△周长DEB的A 6cm.故选DC【解答】解:连,如图,9.,13AE=3EC ∵,△ADE的面积为,∴△CDE的面积为∴△ADC4,的面积为DAB=a),点坐标为(设Aab,则,OC=2AB=2a,而点为OB的中点,---,∴BD=OD=b×b=a(a+2a)×+S∵S=S+S,∴ODC△△梯形OBACADC△ABDab=b+4+×2a×b,∴,k=ab=)代入双曲线y=,∴A 把(a,b.故选B.GAD=90°,10.【解答】解:∵∠ABC=90°,∠∽△,∴△AFGCFB,∴,∴①正确.∴AG∥BC∠BCD=∠ABG=90°,∴∠EBC=∵∠BCD+∠∠EBC+ ABG,AG=BD,BAG∵AB=BC,∴△CBD≌△,∴,∴,∴BD=AB,∴,∵∵AC=AB,∴②正确;,∴ABAF=,AG=BD∴AG∴,∴,,∵∥BC,,∵S=SS;∴S,=,∴∴AF=AC ABF△ABC△BDF△△ABF∴S=12S,即S=S∴③错误;故选BDFABC△△BDF△ABC△小题)5二.填空题(共,如11PB>两段(和把线段分割成P.已知点APPBAP)PB和是AP果AB的值等于AB:AP的比例中项,那么.---x※b=,则x=2,若5※12.定义运算“※”:a的值为.或10【分析】首先认真分析找出规律,根据5与x的取值范围,分别得出分式方程,可得对应x的值.【解答】解:当x<5时,=2,x=,经检验,x=是原分式方程的解;是原分式方程的x=105当x>时,=2,x=10,经检验,解;综上所述,x=或10;13.一辆汽车开往距离出发地180km的目的地,出发后第一小时按原计划的速度匀速行驶,一小时后以原来速度的1.5倍匀速行驶,结果比原计划提前40min到达目的地.原计划的行驶速度是60 km/h.【分析】设原计划的行驶速度是xkm/h.根据原计划的行驶时间=实际行驶时间,列出方程即可解决问题.【解答】解:设原计划的行驶速度是xkm/h.由题意:﹣=1+,解得x=60,经检验:x=60是原方程的解.∴原计划的行驶速度是60km/h.---14.【解答】解:∵第1个图形中正方形的个数3=2×1+1,第2个图形中正方形的个数5=2×2+1,第3个图形中正方形的个数7=2×3+1,……∴第n个图形中正方形的个数为2n+1,故答案为:2n+1.三.解答题(共25小题)|.|++4cos30°﹣﹣15.(1)计算:(﹣2)0﹣2.×=4【解答】解:原式=1+3+4﹣=4+2(﹣°+cos45°)﹣3tan30(2)计算:2cos30°+(π﹣0)1﹣﹣【解答】解:原式=2×+13×﹣2=﹣1.、)4B(,2)(△16.如图,ABC的顶点坐标分别为A1,3、.1),C (2,并写出点A ABC(1)作出与△关于x轴对称的△BC111的坐标;A1,CBA为位似中心,以原点2()O 在原点的另一侧画出△222=使,并写出点的坐标.A2---);A(1,﹣3A 【解答】解:(1)如图,△BC为所作,1111 6)A(﹣2,﹣(2)如图,△ABC为所作,2222,⊥BC于点F.【解答】(1)证明:过点D作DF17 .ABC,∴AD=DF∵∠BAD=90°,BD平分∠是⊙D的切线;DFD的半径,⊥BC,∴BC∵AD是⊙与⊙D相切,2)解:∵∠BAC=90°.∴AB(AB=FB.∵BC是⊙D的切线,∴.CF=8BC=13,∴,AC=12∵AB=5,,解﹣r)12DFC△中,设DF=DE=r,则r+64=(在Rt22.∴得:r=CE=.在一节数学实践课上,老师出示了这样一道题,如图18、a、A∠、∠B∠C所对边分别是中,在锐角三角形1,ABC Bcacb、,请用、、∠表示.b2---经过同学们的思考后,甲同学说:要将锐角三角形转化为直角三角形来解决,并且,如于点DBCA,作AD⊥不能破坏∠B,因此可以经过点2,大家认同;图ACD中解决;ABD或Rt△乙同学说要想得到b要在Rt△2;?cosB ,BD= c丙同学说那就要先求出AD= c?sinB的三角函数表示)c,∠B(用含2ac﹣= a+c丁同学顺着他们的思路,求出b=AD+DC22222请利用丁同学的结论解决);αsinα+cos=1cosB ?(其中22如下问题:°,BAD=60D=90∠°,∠3如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠B= .AB=4,AD=5 .AC的长(补全图形,直接写出结果即可)求sinB=,cosB=,解:∵【解答】?BD=AB?cosB=ccosB,,??∴AD=ABsinB=csinB cBD=aCD=BC﹣﹣?cosB,---则出b=AD+DC═(c?sinB)+(a﹣c?cosB)22222=csinB+a+ccosB+2ac?cosB 22222=c(sinB+cosB)+a ﹣2ac?cosB 2222=a+c﹣2ac?cosB.22如图3所示,延长BC,AD交于E,∵∠B=90°,∠BAD=60°,AB=4,∴AE=2AB=8,∠E=30°,∵AD=5,∴DE=3,∵∠ADC=∠CDE=90°,∴CE=2,×﹣2?AEcos30°=12+64=CE×8∴AC+AE﹣2CE222AC=2.,∴×=28cosB?.﹣;,故答案是:c?sinBc?cosBa+c2ac22(是等腰直角三角形1)证明:∵△ABC【解答】19.AC=BC °,ACB=90∴∠∴∠BCE=90ACO+∠°-- -BE⊥CE,∴∠BCE+∠CBE=90°∴∠ACO=∠CBE∴△AOC≌△CEB(2)解:∵△AOC≌△CEB∴BE=OC=2,CE=OA=4∴点B的坐标为(6,2)又一次函数y=x+b经过点B(6,2)∴2=6+b∴b=﹣4∴点D的坐标为(0,﹣4)∴|AD|=4+4=8在△ABD中,AD边上高的长度就是B点纵坐标的绝对值..的面积为24∴△×8×6=24ABDS∴=ABD△)由题意可得,(120.【解答】解:5x+3505=﹣x﹣(﹣30)×y=200之间的函数关系式是:/包)与售价x(元y即周销售量(包);y=﹣5x+350 )由题意可得,(2307000(﹣5x+450x﹣)﹣w=(x20)×(﹣5x+350=2,70)≤≤x(元)与售价即商场每周销售这种防尘口罩所获得的利润w7000+450x5xw=/x(元包)之间的函数关系式是:﹣﹣2---(30≤x≤40);(3)∵w=﹣5x+450x﹣7000=﹣5(x﹣45)+3125 22∵二次项系数﹣5<0,∴x=45时,w取得最大值,最大值为3125,21.【解答】解:(1)a=1﹣(0.15+0.20+0.35)=0.3,∵总人数为:3÷0.15=20(人),∴b=20×0.20=4(人);故答案为:0.3,4;(2)900×(0.35+0.3)=585(人),(3)画树状图如下:种等可能结果,其中所选两人正好是12由树状图可知共有种,甲班和乙班各一人的有5所以所选两人正好是甲班和乙班各一人的概率为.22.AF,∥BC(【解答】1)证明:∵的中点,∴,∵DBEE是ADAE=DE,∠∴∠AFE=DBE中和△在△AFEDBE,△≌AFE∴△---(AAS);(2)证明:由(1)知,△AFE≌△DBE,则AF=DB.∵AD为BC边上的中线∴DB=DC,∴AF=CD.∵AF∥BC,∴四边形ADCF是平行四边形,∵∠BAC=90°,D是BC的中点,E是AD的中点,∴AD=DC=BC,∴四边形ADCF是菱形;,3)连接DF(是平行四边形,,∴四边形ABDFAF∥BD,AF=BD∵?=ACDF=AB=5,∵四边形ADCF是菱形,∴S∴ADCF菱形.×4×5=10DF= 6),,,0),C(22.23【解答】解:(1)由题意A(﹣0=﹣2﹣3+c,+2把A(﹣,0)代入y=﹣xx+c得到2x+5.+∴c=5,∴抛物线的解析式为y=﹣x2AMCm轴上一点,M(,0),满足△x如图,(2)设点M是,,则有|m+2|×6=4=4的面积,M,′(﹣0),),M或﹣m=∴﹣,∴(﹣0的面ACMDM 过点作直线∥交抛物线于ADC,此时△D △=积ACM=4的面积,---,的解析式为=x+5则直线DM,(0,5)由,解得,∴D的ADC交抛物线于D,此时△′过点M′作直线MD∥AC ,△ACM的面积=4面积=,=x+1则直线DM′的解析式为由,解得或,2″(﹣,+1∴D′(23,)D,,﹣3+1)2综上所述,满足条件的点D坐标为(5)+1,3)或(0,+12,﹣3);或(﹣)((3)设Em,n,作EH⊥H.OF于∥,∵0(2m+2,)EHOD,FAE=EF∵,∴∴=①,∴=﹣n=在抛物线上,∴又∵点Emm+5 + ②2 --。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
2018学年西南模范中学9A初三周测英语试卷Vocabulary and GrammarII.Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案):(共20分)31. Which of the following underlined parts is different in pronunciation from others?A. May I take your order?B Monitors were used in the examC. Luckily, I can afford the trip.D. Please wait for me in the corner.答案:A[ˈɔːdə] B[ˈmɒnɪtə] C[əˈfɔːd] D[ˈkɔːnə]32. Some soldiers went to the mountain and the missing pilot in the crash of the plane.A. found outB searched forC looked upD looked at答案:B.根据句意可知选寻找之意,A是寻找的结果,B是寻找,寻求之意,C是查阅,D 是看着,整体句意是一些士兵走进山中并且寻找飞机失事中丢失的飞行员33.Our family celebrated Thanksgiving Day. November 28th, 2014.A forB atC inD on答案:D,on后接具体时间日期,in后跟季节,年份,月份,at跟具体时间点,for跟时间段34. Mum, I've. the table. Can we begin our dinner?A, layB. lainC. laidD. lied答案:C根据句意缺少放置的过分,laid有产卵下蛋放置之意,原型是lay35. This is the plane. I have ever visitedA in whichB whenC whereD which答案:D,根据句意是定语从句用that或which引导,翻译为这是我曾经参观过的飞机36.A: does this pair of new Nike belong to?B: It must be Jeff’s. It's his birthday present from his dadA.What B Who C Which D Whose答案:B根据句意句子中缺少宾语,这双新Nike属于谁,所以选B37. Look, many young trees are planted on. sides of the squareA. bothB neitherC allD. either答案:C.根据句意,看,很多小树被种在这个广场的边上,广场有很多边,所以用all,both 是两者都,neither是两者都不,either是两者中的任意一个,只有all符合38. The famous writer promised that she all the money for her new book to charityA gaveB would giveC has givenD is giving答案:B,本题考的宾语从句,主句是过去时,从句也是过去式,根据句意这个著名的作家承诺她将要把她所有新书的钱给慈善机构,应用过去将来时39. It's proved that we improve our memory by using various memorizing methodsA canB mustC shouldD need答案:A,根据句意,据证明,我们通过使用各种各样的记忆方法可以提高我们的记忆力40. Take it easy! The unexpected guests are leavingA. in timeB. for the time being C sooner or later D. the late afternoon答案:C根据句意,放轻松,这个不被期望的客人迟早将要离开的,A是及时,B是目前,暂时,D在下午的晚些时候,在傍晚41 Has your mum told you. ?A. who would come over tonightB. why did she give you a box as your birthday giftC. how many people had died in the accident in Hong KongD whether your father will go on a business trip this weekend.答案:本题考查宾语从句,根据语序问题可排除AB,根据时态可排除C,本句主句是现在完成时,从句可随便用合适的时态,C时态应用一般过去时42 helpless the poor girl is after she lost both her parents in the car accident!A HowB What C. What a D What an答案:A,本题考查感叹句,去掉多余成分,只留主谓宾,看最后一个单词,the girl is helpless,最后一个单词是形容词,所以用how43, I reached Kilmarnock the early morning in drenching rain.A inB onC. atD. of答案:A,in the morning固定搭配,加了形容词依然不变44. Ten years ago, the population of our city was that of yoursA. as three times large asB. three times as large asC three times as much asD as three times much as答案:B,主语是population,不能用多少修饰,只能用大小,所以CD排除,倍数的考查,记住数字现行,把数字放在最前面,所以选B,倍数+as+形容词或副词原级+as45. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.A smokeB to smokeC smokingD to smoking答案:C根据句意,如果他被发现在厨房抽烟,一个厨具将会被马上烧掉,用find doing46. The headmaster stood up, a friendly smiles and began to make a speechA. to giveB givingC gaveD. given答案:C,根据时态可知用一般过去时,这个校长站了起来,给了一个友好的微笑,并开始演讲47,A: will he finish reading the comic strips?B: In three minutes.A.How far B How long C How fast D How soon答案:D,in +时间用How soon 提问,A是提问距离,B是提问for+一段时间,C是提问速度多块48. No matter how much you think you hate school, you will still miss it you leave it.A. when B unless C until D. since答案:A,根据句意考查连词,不管不有多么讨厌你的学校,你仍然会想念它,当你离开的时候49. -Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?---You should try the barbers I go. It's only 15.A. asB whichC whereD. that答案:C,考查地点状语从句,用where,或者用to which,B和D都是定语从句50. A: Would you like me to bring you a cup of coffee?B:A.Yes, I'd like to.B. It's a pleasure.C. Yes, please. D It doesnt matter答案:C,A是回答别人的邀请,B是回答thank you, D是回答sorry,根据句意选C,你想要让我给你带一杯咖啡吗?是的III Complete the following passage with the words in the box. Each word ean only be usedIt was the end of term in June and the sudents were doing their exams. I was 51That day and, as usual before the start of the exam, I told the students all the rules: no talking, no mobile phones and so on. I was walking up and down between the rows of desks when 52my own phone rang. That was bad enough, but the phone had a really 53 ring tone, Allthe students looked up at me. It took me 54 to find the phone in my bag and my face wentbright red. One of the students was laughing so much that she fell out of char.Keys CEDB51,主要考察词组be in charge 负责,我主要负责那天的考试52,这个空首先填上副词,然后根据句意,手机突然间响了,所以选suddenly53,那种情况已经非常糟糕了,更加坏的是我的手机铃声还是非常的愚蠢,所有的学生全部都看着我54,最后我用了很多的方式最终找到了手机55 at 56 bydirector at that time. She gave Chris a role in the short move she was directing. Thus Chais began his Hollywood career. Chris has a passion for acting. He works hard and is willing totake others’ 57 Gradually, the talented young man went from being a supporting actorto a 58 movie star. Now, Chris is playing in the new Jurssis Park movie. He also has a deal with Marvel for further Guardians of e Gamy movies. The future for this Hollywood star looks as though it will continue to burn brighkeys BCEA55,主要讲这个演员在餐馆中间休息的时候被一个著名的导演发现了,所以用while ,当什么的时候56,被一个著名的导演发现了,所以选用是discovered57,她工作非常的努力,并且愿意听取别人的意见,take ones advice58,讲了这个人最终变成了一个非常成功的演员,所以选用successfulIV.Complete the sentences with the given words In their proper form(用括号中所给单词的适当形式宽成下列句子,每空格限填一词)(共8分)59. We are going to hold a discussion to our ideas on this issue. (change)Exchange ,首先要想到change的两种变形,changeable 和exchange,根据本文的意思是相互之间交换观点,所以用exchange60. A lot of is given to many people by these amazing paintings. (enjoy)6l. What he said to his parents is beyond our (enjoy)Enjoyment ,注意enjoy的名词是直接加ment,不是joy,还有就是enjoy的形容词是enjoyable 62, I was surprised at the of the latest cell phone. (popular)这个题首先根据词性来写是填名词,另外就是注意popular的名词是popularity63. Vegetables of this kind have been grown without the use of any (chemistry) Chemicals 这个题注意的是很多学生知道填写的是名词,但是一定要注意复数的形式64. Both the museums and works of art in foreign countries are own main (attract) Attractions这个题注意的是很多学生知道填写的是名词,主要旅游景点来讲时一定要注意复数的形式65, I was deeply impressed by the of local people.(friendly)Friendliness 这个题注意的是判断词性填上一个名词,另外就是很多学生容易误写成friendship,但是题意是讲被当地人的热情感动而不是友谊,所以要用friendliness V.Rewrite the following sentences as required(根据要求,改写下列句子,每空格限填一词(共14分)67.The removal man stuck himself in the gap of the doo.(改否定句The removal min himself in the gap of the doorDidn’t stick 本题主要考察的是stuck的原型你要认出68.Do thousnds of people visit Yu Ganden every month?(改为被动语态)Yu Garden by thousands of people every month?Is visited ,这个题主要首先注意的是语态,被动结构是be done ,然后就是时态,原文中给的明显是一般现在时,所以用is visited69 As we all know,the next Olympic Gumes will be held in London,(保持意)As we all know, the next Olympe Games will in London.Take place ,首先就是考察中考考纲词意,另外就是发生的同义词,还有就是happen也可以提醒学生一下70.He returned the book to the library this morning.(保特原意He the book to the library this morning.Gave back ,首先return在考纲中有两种变形,一种作为返回来讲时是go back 或是come back,但是作为归还讲时是gave back71.Tom and Tim will return from London in two weeks(对划部分提问will Tom and Time return from London?In +一段时间表示的是将来时,所以划线提问用的是how soon7.The film The Wir of the World ended an hour ago(保持句意不变)The film has for an hour主要考察的是延续性动词与非延续性动词之间相互转化,end 对应转化成be over所以答案是been over73.the,repon,to,preser,will,manager,a,the,board.(连词成句)The manager will present a report to the board.Part 3 Reading and WritingVI. Reading ComprehensionA. Choose the best answer.Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.Among the bag makers' argument: many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑)these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.74. What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A. Help increase grocery sales.B. Recycle the waste material.C. Stop things falling off trucks.D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.75. What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Bans on plastic bags.B. Effects of city development.C. Headaches caused by garbage.D. Plastic bags hung in trees.76. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A. They are quite expensive.B. Replacing them can be difficult.C. They are less strong than plastic bags.D. Producing them requires more energy.77. What is the best title for the text?A. Plastic, Paper or NeitherB. Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC. Recycle or Throw AwayD. Garbage Collection and Waste Control【文章大意】文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况,塑料袋造成了环境问题,尽管纸袋容易回事,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。