基于J2EE在线购物系统外文翻译

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online shopping英语作文带翻译

online shopping英语作文带翻译Nowadays Internet is revolutionizing our world and greatly facilitating our modern life. As a matter of fact, we can do almost everything on the net. To illustrate, we can conduct E-business, advertise our products, book an air ticket, buy and sell stocks, even hunt job on the web. Recently, shopping on the Net is gradually becoming popular in modern cities. However, people take different attitudes towards the new way of shopping.如今，互联网正在转变我们的世界，大大便利了我们的现代生活。

事实上，我们可以在网上做几乎全部的事情。

例如，我们可以进行电子商务，为我们的产品做广告，预订机票，购买和出售股票，甚至在网上找工作。

最近，网上购物渐渐成为流行的现代城市。

然而，人们持不同的态度，新的购物方式。

Some people who prefer shopping on the virtual shopping centers or the e-commerce portals, hold that the new way of shopping has many advantages. First, the web-stores can keep customers updated about the best selling products. Besides, they can provide customers with a wider range of choices. Most important of all, it is very convenient and time-saving. People can stay at home shopping whatever they want online.有些人喜爱购物的虚拟购物中心或电子商务网站，认为新的购物方式有很多优点。

网购英语作文80带翻译

网购英语作文80带翻译With the advent of the internet and the rapid development of e-commerce, online shopping has become an integral part of our daily lives. This essay will explore the impact of online shopping on modern society, discussing its advantages and disadvantages, and the changes it has brought about.Advantages of Online Shopping1. Convenience: One of the most significant benefits of online shopping is the convenience it offers. Shoppers can browse through a vast array of products from the comfort of their homes, without the need to travel to physical stores.2. Time-Efficiency: Online shopping saves time as it eliminates the need for commuting and waiting in lines. This is particularly beneficial for busy individuals who value their time.3. Competitive Pricing: Online platforms often provide competitive prices due to lower overhead costs. Additionally, the ease of comparing prices across different websites allows consumers to make more informed purchasing decisions.4. Wider Selection: Online stores typically have a more extensive range of products compared to physical stores, giving consumers access to a broader selection of goods.Disadvantages of Online Shopping1. Lack of Physical Interaction: One of the drawbacks of online shopping is the inability to touch or try on items before purchasing. This can lead to dissatisfaction with the product upon arrival.2. Security Concerns: There are concerns about the security of online transactions, with the risk of credit card fraud and identity theft.3. Delivery Delays: Online shopping is subject to delivery times, which can be a disadvantage for those who need their items urgently.4. Environmental Impact: The increase in online shopping has led to a rise in packaging waste and carbon emissions from transportation, contributing to environmental issues.Changes Brought by Online Shopping1. Retail Landscape: The rise of online shopping has significantly changed the retail landscape, with many brick-and-mortar stores struggling to compete and some even closing down.2. Consumer Behavior: Consumers are becoming more accustomed to the ease and speed of online shopping, which has shifted their shopping habits and expectations.3. Business Models: Companies are adapting their businessmodels to incorporate online sales, with a focus on improving online customer experience and logistics.In conclusion, online shopping has revolutionized the way we purchase goods and has had a profound impact on society.While it offers numerous benefits, it also presentschallenges that need to be addressed to ensure a positive shopping experience for all.翻译：随着互联网的出现和电子商务的快速发展，网购已经成为我们日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。

网上购物大学英语作文带翻译4篇

网上购物大学英语作文带翻译4篇篇一：网上购物大学英语作文带翻译篇一With the development of the internet and the popularization of puters,shopping on the internet has bee a monplace in our life.here consumers can buy almost everything they need.Shopping on the internet has a lot of advantages,of which the most important is perhaps its convenience.people dont have to waste a lot of their energy and precious time to go from one shop to another to choose the modities they like.this is especially desirable to the old,the sick and the busy people who cannot go to the shops in person.the goods e in all shapes,sizes and colors on the internet.all they need to do is to sit in front of their puters and click the mouses.the modities they order will be delivered to them promptly.However,shopping on the internet also has its disadvantages.the first disadvantage is that the consumers cant see the goods or try them on personally.sometimes,the real goods may not be the same as what they have seen on the puter.the second disadvantage is that some shops on the internet are not registered.they will never deliver anything to you after they get the money from cheated,you will find that you have nowhere to go to plain.随着互联网的发展和电脑的普及，网上购物已经成为我们生活中的一个普遍现象。

电子商务物流中英文对照外文翻译文献

电子商务物流中英文对照外文翻译文献电子商务物流中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Introducing Commodity Flow to an Agent-Based ModelE-commerce SystemAbstractIn our model agent-based e-commerce system [2] we have assumed that a certain number of items of a given product is available for sale. In this note we introduce a model logistics subsystem and discuss how it will be integrated with the system. Keywords: e-commerce;logistics system;agent1.IntroductionCurrently, we are developing and implementing a model agent-based e-commerce system (see [2] and references collected there). In this system multiple buyer agents attempt at making purchase by participating in price negotiations in e-stores and selecting the best oﬀer, while e-stores attempt at maximizing profit resulting from product sales.Thus far our attention was focused on buyer-seller interactions. By assuming that products are in the warehouse we have omitted the question where do they come from. The aim of this work is to describe how our system can be extended to include product restocking processes.Before proceeding let us make a few observations. First, the proposed logistics subsystem is not ―stand alone‖(e.g. similar to that considered in [3, 1, 6]). Instead, it has been created within the context of our e-commerce system, which has directly influenced its design. Second, while somewhat similar, processes involved in e-store restocking a warehouse differ from client making a purchase in an e-store (e.g. in product demand prediction, interactions with wholesalers, methods of price negotiations that involve more ―cond itions,‖ offer selection criteria, etc.) Therefore we have created a separate logistics subsystem (instead of reusing already modeled functions; e.g. price negotiations). Third, this note is devoted to the agent structure and agent interactions and, due to the space limitations, we omit important topics like:forecasts derivation, oﬀer evaluation etc.However, these functions can be encapsulated into modules that can become a part of an appropriate agent. Therefore readers should envision that, for instance, when we write that ―rece ived oﬀers are evaluated,‖then their favorite method of oﬀer evaluationhas been utilized.To proceed, first, we briefly describe our e-commerce system.We follow with assumptions that underline the logistics subsystem and description of new agents that were introduced. Finally, we present the sequence diagram of restocking and use it to discuss in detail how this process will take place in our system.2. System DescriptionOur system is a distributed marketplace in which software agents perform e-commerce functions (see [2] for details, the Use Case diagram in particular). User-Client is represented by the Client Agent (CA). The CA is autonomous and when a purchase order is communicated by the User-Client, it works until either it is completed, or purchase is abandoned. The CA communicates with the Client Information Center (CIC), which facilitates information which e-stores sell which products (yellow-page matchmaking).For each store that sells the requested product, the CA delegates a Buyer Agent (BA) to participate in price negotiations and if successful, possibly attempt at making a pur- chase (successful price negotiations result in a product reservation for a specific time; after which products that have not been purchased are available for sale again).Since multiple BAs representing the same CA can win price negotiations the CA makes the decision if either of available oﬀers is good enough to make a purchase. Buyer Agents can participate in negotiations only if the Gatekeeper Agent (GA) admits them (if they are trusted; e.g. BAs that win price negotiations but do not make a purchase may be barred from subsequent negotiations). The GA represents a given e-store and is created by the Shop Agent (SA). The SA is the central manager and facilitating the selling process it utilizes the GA, and a set of Seller Agents (SeA) that negotiate price with incoming BAs, as well as a Warehouse Agent (WA) that is responsible for inventory and reservation management. Thus far, the WA was responsible for managing product reservations and the inventory. Specifically, (1) before a new price negotiation the WA ―re served‖ a given product—so that if negotiation ended successfully there was an item that could be sold; (2) when a reservation ended in purchase, it adjusted product counters; and (3) when a reservation expired it also adjusted products counters. However, the WA was always envisioned as the ―gat eway‖between the store and suppliers, which is one of the foci of this note.3. Assumptions behind the logistics systemLet us now specify assumptions that underline design of the logistics subsystem:1.Nowadays, except of largest store-chains (e.g. TESCO, WalMart), companiesoutsource transportation activities (considered non-core business activities) to specialists (e.g. UPS, Mayflower). However, we assume here that suppliers are still re sponsible for facilitating transportation. Therefore, we omit transportation related processes and focus only in interactions between e-stores and suppliers2. As a result of (1), transportation costs are assumed to be paid by the supplier and included directly in product price (e.g. discount on delivery costs, will manifest itself in the total price).3. While in the original system auction-based price negotiations were used, here we opted for the simplicity of the FIPA Contract Net Protocol [4]. Therefore, in the logistics subsystem, a single round of negotiations consisting of a call for proposals and evaluation of responses, is used.4. New functions and agentsIn order to perform logistics-related tasks, several new roles were introduced; some of them have been delegated to agents existing in the system, while others warranted adding new agents. Specifically:•demand estimation—to draw information from sales data and/or external premises to predict future sales of products,•warehouse monitoring—to observe supply levels and react in case of a risk ofdropping below values considered suﬃcient to satisfy estimated demand,•order management—to coordinate issuing orders for goods, to assist inevaluating received oﬀers,•ordering goods—to contact suppliers for their of- fers and to select the best oﬀer,•selling goods—in the system suppliers were also modeled; while goods are acquired without extensive price negotiations, ―someone‖ has to deliver proposals to ordering components,•logistics yellow pages—the role of the ―l og istics CIC‖is very similar to the original CIC ([2]); it has to provide lists of potential suppliers of products; obviously, it is possible for a shop to become a sup- plier for another shop and to suggest that the two CIC s could be joined, but we decided to clearly separate the client-side from the shop and from the supply-side. Another reason for this separation was that while some shops may not be interested in becoming wholesaler, we would have to make changes to the original CIC data structure (e.g. wholesaler—yes/no). Finally, since the logistics subsystem does not involve auctions, the separation is even more warranted.Let us now see how these tasks/roles could be placed in our system. The demandestimation role was attributed to the existing Shop Decision Agent (SDA), responsible for the ―kn owledge managemen t‖functions (e.g. trust management, sales trend data mining, etc.) in the shop.The warehouse monitoring role is already a part of the existing WA. The diﬀerence is that now WA becomes a proactive manager of supplies; acting on predictions supplied by the SDA.Fulfillment of the order management role required introduction of the Logistics Agent (LA), which became the ―centra l manager‖ of the logistics subsystem. It is responsible for contacting the logistics CIC for the list of potential suppliers and managing a pool of agents responsible for ordering goods from ―wholesalers.‖ Finally, it collects and manages data related to supplier reliability. This data, in turn, will be one of factors in selecting the supplier.The ordering goods process is facilitated by the Ordering Agent (OA), which is also a new agent. Its task is to issue a call for proposals, collect responses and select the best oﬀer taking into account factors such as: price, delivery time, reliability etc. Let us recall that due to the modularity of agent design ([2]), our system is flexible enough so that any method of selecting an oﬀer can be applied (it can be encapsulated in a module and plugged into the OA).The selling goods role is realized by a very simple Wholesale Agent (WhA). Its role is to respond to CFP’s incoming from OA s.Currently we assume that WhA s receive instructions in what way to generate a stream of responses to the CFPs.Finally, logistics yellow pages are facilitated by the logistics CIC Agent. Its role is to store a complete list of suppliers and products that they sell. Obviously, the logistics CIC uses the original product ontology ([2]), extended by the logistics ontology. When the system is initialized, each WhA registers with the logistics CIC and provides it with a list of products for sale.What was described thus far is summarized in an UML use case diagram presented in Figure 1.Figure 1. Use Case of the logistics subsystem5. Typical Product Restocking ProcessLet us now describe the processes involved in restocking the warehouse. Here, we skip the description of system initialization, and start with the Shop Decision Agent sending a forecast to the Warehouse Agent. The sequence of actions resulting form such a forecast is depicted, as a UML sequence diagram in Figure 2.The SDA communicates the forecast to the WA by sending a FIPA Inform message containing the PredictionDescription (which contains all necessary data such as: product ID, amount of predicted sales, standard deviation of sales, expected purchase price, period for which this forecast is valid, etc.). We assume that the SDA forecasts are of the type: until a new fore- cast, weekly sales are expected to be 45 items of a given product. Forecasts can be issued at specific times (e.g. once a week or once a month) and their frequency de- pends on the information found in data analyzed by the SDA to derive forecast(s).The WA starts by examining current stock of a given product, and if current supplies are suﬃcient, it sets up to check their levels at the end of the time unit specified in the forecast (i.e. forecasts specified on weekly basis are checked once a week). If stocks are insuﬃcient, the WA utilizes the FIPA Request Protocol (FIPA specification SC00026) and FIPA SL language [4] (used in all agent interactions), to com- municate with the Logistics Agent. The initial message from the WA is the FIPA Request message sent to the LA and it contains OrderRequest action with the Or- derRequestDescription. The OrderRequestDescription contains the necessary information specifying the order to be made: product ID, preferred delivery time, amount and maximumprice. Delivery time and amount are computed based on the current product level, predicted delivery time and an overall inventory strategy.Upon receiving the request, the LA dispatches a query to the logistics CIC to obtain a list of suppliers of a given product. Ensuing conversation conforms to the FIPA Query Protocol, starting with the FIPA Query-Ref message containing the CICQuery action with the Product ID. The logistics CIC responds with the FIPA Inform-Ref message containing the CICResponse with a list (possibly empty) of suppliers. Empty list results in a FIPA Failure message (with OrderRequestResult set to failure) send by the LA to the WA. Similar response is sent when the logistics CIC cannot be contacted.When the non-empty list was received, the LA removes these suppliers that have their reliability value below a certain threshold. Then the LAAgentDescriptions list is formed by supplementing each CICAgentDescription received from the logistics CIC with the reliability information. If a given WhA’s is not known a default trust value is used.After preparing the list, the LA utilizes the FIPA Request Protocol to find a free OA. Busy agents will re- spond with FIPA Refuse messages. If all agents respond in such a way, this process may need to be repeated un- til a free OA is found and responds with the FIPA Agree message. The LA then sends the ordering request to the selected OA and awaits for the result of the ordering pro- cess. LA’s message contains the IssueOrder action with the OrderDescription and the LAAgentDescriptions.After obtaining the request from the LA, the OA engages in the FIPA ContractNet Protocol interactions with WhAs from the list. It sends the FIPA CallForProposal message, containing CFPRequest with OrderDescription to the WhAs. WhAs evaluate the CFP and submit their oﬀers by sending FIPA Propose messages containing the CFP Response actionwith OﬀerDescription or, if terms contained in the CFP are unacceptable/not interesting, respond using the FIPA Refuse message.Responses must arrive within a timeframe speci- fied by the OA, after which the OA proceeds to evalu- ate them. First, it filters unacceptable oﬀers. Note that it is possible that some WhAs may respond knowingly with proposals that violate some of the conditions and in special circumstances when no better oﬀers were found the OA may need to accept such oﬀers. In the next step, oﬀers are ranked and the winner is determined. Winner issent a FIPA AcceptProposal message containing the ConfirmationRequest action with its offer quoted. The winning WhA must in turn reply with the FIPA Inform messagecontaining Confirmation Response action with the OrderConfirmation which has unique orderID generated by the supplier. This successfully completes the ordering process.The winner can also withdraw the oﬀer by sending a FIPA Failure message. In this case, runner-ups are contacted in an iterative manner. In case when there are no more oﬀers left or there were no oﬀers to begin with, the OA sends a FIPA Failure message to the LA,which, in turn, forwards it to the WA. When the winner confirms the order, the OA sends to the LA a FIPA Inform message containing the InformResult action with the WhA-received Or der Confirmation, thus completing the protocol. At this time the LA sends information to the WA, inside a message of the FIPA Agree type. This performative is used in compliance with the protocol to indicate that the LA is performing the desired task (ordering), but its eﬀorts do not guarantee success (ordering success order success), and thus sending the final response (FIPA Inform) is inappropriate at this stage. Meanwhile the OA returns to the pool of available Ordering Agents.Now the purchase enters the delivery monitoring stage. Here, the LA waits for the delivery from the WhA to be registered with the WA. When a delivery arrives the WA sends (to the LA) a plain FIPA Inform message containing the WADelivery action with the DeliveryDescription, which has supplier’s AgentID and the already mentioned orderId. The LA does not need to respond to this message, but it checks the messages to see if it is currently awaiting a delivery with the given orderId coming from a supplier AgentID. If it finds a match, the ordering process is completed. As a result, the reliability value of supplied AgentID is increased. If a delivery notification does not come within time agreed in the OrderConfirm, actions must be undertaken (recall, that receiving supplies is vital to the e-Shop as its warehouse is likely to run out of stock Those actions are: (1) retry the ordering (sending reminder to the WhA / choosing new WhA), if there is still time, and (2) marking that a retry has been made.If there is still time before the deadline (established by the WA), then order can be retried. If it is the first time an attempt to retry the order is made, a reminder is sent to the WhA. To this end, LA contacts a free OA with a FIPA Request Protocol message with a Reminder action containing AgentID of the WhA and the orderId. The OA accepts the job (the FIPA Agree) and contacts the WhA (also using FIPA Request Protocol), sending it the exact same action. The WhA is expected to reply within a timeframe using either a FIPA Failure (oﬀer is withdrawn) or a FIPA Inform providing new Order Confirmationwith a new delivery time, which is forwarded to the LA unchanged. In the case of an agreement, the LA returns to awaiting delivery, in the case of failure, the LA removes this WhA from the LA Agent Description list and locates an OA to perform entirely new search for a supplier. New search is also ordered if a reminder to the supplier whose delivery we were waiting resulted in a failure. The monitoring stage ends when: (1) delivery is received, or (2) reminder to the supplier was made, but it was refused, while deadline has already passed. Note that we assume that the actual order failure occurs only when the delivery deadline has passed and the reminder failed.This is because it is possible that there is an order delay and goods may arrive late. This information can be obtained from the WhA, and thus the need for the reminder.Figure 2. Restocking process: sequence diagramWhen the monitoring stage ends, the WA is notified about the result by the FIPA Inform or the FIPA Failure message to complete the FIPA Request protocol. The message will contain the OrderRequest action with the OrderRequestResult set appropriately. Furthermore, at this stage the reliability bonuses and/or penalties are calculated and applied. Finally, in the case of a successful order, the WA sends to the SDA a FIPA In-form message containing status information about the re-stocking of the warehouse.6. Concluding remarksIn this note we have discussed the way in which the logistics subsystem is being introduced into our model agent-based e-commerce system. We have presented used UML’s use case and sequence diagrams to formally depict and discuss the most important features of our approach. Due to the lack of space, we have focused our attention on agents and their interactions. The proposed system has been implemented and is in the final testing phase.References[1] C. Bádicá, A. Báditá, M. Ganzha, M. Paprzycki, Developing a Model Agent-based E-commerce System. In: Jie Lu et. al. (eds.) E-Service Intelligence—Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, Springer, Berlin, 2007,555–578[2] C. A. Butler and J. T. Eanes. Software agent technology for large scale, real-time logistics decision support. US Army Research Report ADA392670, 2001. 23 pages.[3]W.Ying and S.Dayong. Multi-agent framework for third party logistics in e-commercestar. Expert Systems with Applications, 29(2):431–436, August 2005.引入第三方物流企业的以代理人为基础的电子商务系统模型摘要在我们的模型以代理人为基础的电子商务系统[2]的基础上,我们假定一定数量的物品的某一特定的产品是适合出售的。

毕业论文(基于Web的网上购物系统).doc

毕业论文(基于Web的网上购物系统)HUNAN UNIVERSITY毕业设计（论文）设计（论文）题目：基于Web的网上购物系统学生姓名专业班级指导老师系主任（院长）评阅人2008年 6 月10日编辑，审查已注册的用户并对提交的订单进行处理。

关键词：B/S模式、ASP、电子商务、网络数据库。

AbstractAlong with the Internet of continuously universal, people are for the request of technique Internet the already and not only single is a view once web page, receive and dispatch the E-mail, increasingly busy people start pursuing the exploitation Internet that keep the house this a the mighty platform come the net that realizes on the shopping.Speak for the business enterprise, and wether is the business enterprise's( B to B), or business enterprise with the customer's bargainfor( B to C), if can realize the net up trade and will consumedly increase the bargainspeed the economy to trade the cost.In the last few years, along with the technique's further development of network database, make this on conceiving to gradually become the actuality.Application ASP technique is with the network database principle, according to B/ S mode I developped a net on the shopping system.In my system, customer can very the convenient registration become the member, and proceeds to merchandise view index, look into favour that the merchandise's detailed data, then purchase the adoring merchandise according to the everyone.System would the auto is a born order of customer, and hand over the order to erupt goods according to the information for fill inning of customer.System manager can then proceeds to increase with the order that edit, investigate already the registered customer combine right hand over to proceeds tohandle to current merchandise.Key words: B/ S mode, ASP, electronic commerce, network database.摘要........................................... 错误!未定义书签。

基于J2EE技术的网上电脑商城的设计

基于J2EE技术的网上电脑商城的设计摘要：研究了基于J2EE技术的通用电子商城系统的开发，详细了阐述了系统的总体结构及功能设计，并进行系统实现。

系统利用DAO 模式的组件技术，使系统的结构精简、可移植性强，更具有封装性，经过测试，运行情况较好。

关键词：J2EE；电子商城；DAO1系统分析网上电子商城能够不仅实现用户通过简单的操作即可实现购物的目的，且应使管理人员便于管理及系统的扩展性能要好等，基于web平台的网上购物系统，存在一个前台应用和后台管理的问题，而无论前台还是后台，都要对数据库进行调用和操作。

因此如何创建网络数据库，以及客户端如何调用服务器端的数据库成为实现网上购物的一个关键性问题。

1.1系统的总体结构分析本系统系统分为前台管理和后台管理。

前台管理是友好的操作界面，供用户浏览、查询使用。

包括：浏览商品、查询商品、订购商品、购物车、用户维护等功能；后台管理是提供给管理员的，其中包括：商品管理、用户管理、订单管理、商品大分类管理、商品小分类管理等。

使管理员从繁琐的手工操作中解脱出来，并提高了办公效率。

1.2系统的功能分析后台管理是管理员对本网站的维护，通过商品资料（添加大类、添加小类、商品添加、商品审查）、商品交易（处理订单、发货查询）、会员管理（会员审查）、操作管理（管理员添加、管理员审查、管理员退出）等功能达到对网站的管理。

如图1所示。

图1系统后台管理系统1.3数据库的设计采用MySQL5.0数据库管理系统，创建数据库myshop，其中主要的数据表有：管理员信息表（admin）、客户信息表（customer）、产品1级（总）分类信息表（oneclass）、产品2级（详细）分类信息表（twoclass）、品牌信息表（brand）、产品信息表（product）、订单主表（orders）、订单明细表（orderdetail）、折扣信息表（rebate）、公告信息表（bbs）等，数据表的主要内容为：管理员信息表admin，用来保存保存管理员信息，包括：数据库流水号、账号、姓名、密码。

英文作文之网上购物附中文翻译

英文作文网上购物中文翻译Online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years. It offers convenience, a wide variety of choices, and the ability to compare prices and reviews. In this essay, I will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of shopping online.One of the main benefits of shopping online is the convenience it provides. With just a few clicks, we can browse through numerous online stores and make purchases without leaving the comfort of our homes. This saves time and effort compared to traditional shopping where we have to physically visit multiple stores.Furthermore, online shopping offers a vast range of products and brands. We can find almost anything we need with a quick search, regardless of its availability in local stores. This allows us to explore different options and choose products that best suit our preferences and budget.Another advantage of online shopping is the ability to compare prices easily. We can visit multiple websites and compare prices for the same product, enabling us to find the best deals and save money. Additionally, most online stores provide customer reviews, which can help us make informed decisions based on the experiences of others.However, online shopping also has its drawbacks. One major concern is the risk of fraud and scams. There are dishonest sellers and websites that may deceive customers by selling counterfeit or poor-quality products. To mitigate this risk, it is important to shop from reputable and secure websites, read customer reviews, and be cautious when providing personal and financial information.Another drawback is the inability to physically inspect and try on products before purchasing. This can be a disadvantage, especially when it comes to clothing, shoes, or other items that require proper fitting or assessment of quality. However, some online stores offer flexible return or exchange policies, which can help alleviate this concern.Lastly, there is the issue of delivery time and shipping costs. Depending on the location and the online store's policies, it may take several days or even weeks for the purchased items to arrive. Additionally, shipping fees can add to the overall cost of the purchase. It is important to consider these factors when making online purchases, especially if time sensitivity or budget constraints are a concern.In conclusion, online shopping offers convenience, variety, and competitive prices. It allows us to shop from the comfortof our homes and explore a wide range of products. However, it is important to be cautious of potential fraud, consider the inability to physically inspect products, and take into account delivery time and costs. By being mindful and making informed decisions, online shopping can be a beneficial and enjoyable experience.中文翻译：网上购物在近年来越来越受欢迎。

onlineshopping英语作文带翻译

onlineshopping英语作文带翻译导语：目前，购物不一定要去商场，我们可以在网上购物，这已成为新型的购物方式。

下面是小编为您收集整理的英语作文，希望对您有所帮助。

online shopping英语作文_第1篇：Shopping online is quite popular in our daily life now. Some people think shopping online is very convenient. However, others don’t believe goods online and they afraid of being cheated.In my opinions, shopping online is better. First, it can help us save much time. We don’t need spend much time in the street to look for the goods . Second, we can compare some goods and their prices at home. When the prices are listed ,we can buy Besides, we can pay for our goods after we get them. Don’t you think it’s a good way to go shopping?网上购物是现在非常受欢迎的在我们的日常生活中。

有些人认为网上购物是非常方便的。

然而,其他人不相信网上商品,他们害怕被欺骗。

在我的观点,网上购物是更好。

首先,它可以帮助我们节省很多时间。

我们不需要花太多时间在街上寻找货物。

第二,我们可以在家里比较一些商品及其价格。

列出的价格,我们可以买到之外,我们可以支付我们的货物后我们得到它们。

你不认为这是一个很好的方式去购物吗?online shopping英语作文_第2篇：With the development of Internet, more and more people tend to shop on the Internet. Online shopping has provided some benefits for us, but it also has some disadvantages at the same time.随着互联网的发展，越来越多的人喜欢在网上购物。

二手物品交易网站外文文献翻译中英文

外文文献翻译(含: 英文原文及中文译文)文献出处：Jens Clausen, Birgit Blättel-Mink2, Lorenz Erdmann, Christine Henseling .Contribution of Online Trading of Used Goods to Resource Efficiency: An Empirical Study of eBay Users [J].Sustainability, 2010, 2: 10-30.英文原文Contribution of Online Trading of Used Goods to Resource Efficiency:An Empirical Study of eBay UsersJens Clausen, Birgit Blättel-Mink , Lorenz Erdmann and ChristineHenselingAbstractThis paper discusses the sustainability impact (contribution to sustainability, reduction of adverse environmental impacts) of online second-hand trading.A survey of eBay users shows that a relationship between the trading of used goods and the protection of natural resources is hardly realized.Secondly, the environmental motivation and the willingness to act in a sustainable manner differ widely between groups of consumers.Given these results from a user perspective, the paper tries to find some objective hints of online second-hand trading’s environmental impact.The greenhouse gas emissions resulting from theenergy used for the trading transactions seem to be considerably lower than the emissions due to the (avoided) production of new goods.The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for second-hand trade and consumer rmation about the sustainability benefits of purchasing second-hand goods should be included in general consumer information, and arguments for changes in behavior should be targeted to different groups of consumers.Keywords: online marketplaces; online auctions; consumer; electronic commerce; used products; second-hand market; sustainable consumption1.IntroductionOnline auction and trading platforms are increasing the opportunities for sustainable consumption.The potential of online based second-hand trading lies largely in the opportunity to extend the life span of products, thereby avoiding additional environmental stresses due to the purchase of new goods.To date, private households often failed to exploit the potentials for reusing products because of high transaction costs.Trade in second-hand goods remained limited to regional markets.These barriers frequently prevented local and regional used goods markets from attaining critical mass and becoming attractive for both buyers and sellers.In recent years, however, rapidly increasing use of the Internet and trading platforms, such as eBay, have fundamentally transformed the underlying conditions of such markets.Online markets have not only significantly increased the numbers of market participants; they have also changed the roles traditionally assigned to consumers and producers.Exchange sites, auction platforms and other Internet-based trading models where users are not merely buyers, but at the same time, also active sellers of products or services, have shifted the role of consumers.Against this background, this article examines consumption processes using the example of eBay, the world’s largest online trading platform for used goods, by focusing on the following question: Which sustainability potentials are connected with the electronic trading of used goods, and how can these potentials be exploited? This question lies in the center of the research project “From Consumer to Prosumer—Development of new trading mechanisms and auction cultures to promote sustainable consumption.”The project is intentionally linked with various streams of research and insights, especially concerning the intensification of use, lifestyle research, and life-cycle assessment, in the fields of information technology and telecommunications, and integrates them from the perspective of the research guiding question.After giving an overview of the scientific work on environmental attitudes and behavior in the context of internet based used goods trading, and an empirical look on internet usage in Chapter 2, the empirical results of an online survey on online trading and sustainability are presented inChapter 3.Chapter 4 draws conclusions from the empirical study and Chapter 5 focuses on the ecological assessment of used goods trading.The paper concludes with some remarks on the consequences of second-hand trade, online platforms, and consumer policy.2.Internet-Based Used Goods Trading from a Subjective PerspectiveSustainability researchers in the social sciences assume that environmentally-oriented behavior is supported to a non-negligible degree by positive attitudes toward the environment and by knowledge about the environment [1-7].Time and again, however, representative surveys of the population provide evidence for a discrepancy between concern about increasing environmental devastation and its consequences, as well as knowledge about the environment on the one hand, and environmental behavior that is in line with such knowledge on the other.It is possible to identify groups of individuals who display environmentally-friendly behavior, but not the corresponding attitudes toward the environment (e.g., older single women), just as there are groups of individuals who display a high degree of ecological awareness, but whose behavior is nonetheless not consistently environmentally oriented (e.g., families whose environmentally-friendly behavior is organized to the hilt, but who still drive a family car).Three bundles of characteristics that influence the sustainability of styles of consumption have emerged in the research [8]: the household’s social situation(socio-demographic characteristics and time resources), consumer preferences (subjective preferences relating to the selection of products and behaviors), and actual consumption behavior.Socio-demographic characteristics that substantially influence differences in terms of sustainable consumption patterns include age, educational level, gender, marital status, and income, with women, well educated people, and parents striving for consistency of attitudes and behavior.Grunenberg and Kuckartz [1] were able to identify the group they called the “environmentally committed”in their study, which was representative for Germany.“[A group] that takes environmental problems more seriously and is actively committed to solving them.Entirely consistent pro-environment behavior is not demanded of this group; that would require, for example, that these individuals would not just eat exclusively organically-grown food, but would also sell their cars and take bicycling vacations.”(Grunenberg/Kuckartz, p.204 [1]).The following indicators were used to define the group of environmentally-committed individuals: membership in an organization promoting conservation or environmental protection; donation to such an organization in the previous year; familiarity with the term “sustainable development;”high willingness to pay for improved environmental protection; frequenting of information about environmental problems from specialist periodicals; environmental mentality type 1 (motto: “Be arole model when it comes to environmental protection!”); declared shared responsibility for environmental protection (statement: “It isn’t difficult for an individual person to do something for the environment!”) (Grunenberg/Kuckartz, p.204 [1]).Members of this group are often in the familial phase of life, have a relatively high level of education, often live in major cities or small communities, seldom in medium-sized towns or villages, tend to come from West Germany, as a rule have a higher professional position (senior staff, upper-middle-level or upper-level civil servants, the professions), have a medium to high, but not very high income, and tend to live in quiet neighborhoods in single- or two-family houses.Regarding their political preferences, the authors ascertained a more pronounced interest in politics in general, and a clear focus on post-materialist values.As to trading in used goods as a specific area of consumption, a study of West Berlin showed that buying and selling used goods is linked fairly rarely to ecological motives [9].Pragmatic reasons for selling used goods are mentioned more frequently, for instance “making room”or “getting rid of items we no longer need.”In contrast, when purchasing used goods, financial motives are more important.The proportion of men who buy and sell used goods is somewhat higher than that of women.The average age is 36.More than two-thirds of those offering goods on the second-hand market have a job.Housewives and students comprise 10%of sellers each, the unemployed and pensioners about 5% each.The sellers often live in multi-person households, and live less commonly alone.Among the buyers of second-hand goods, 29.4% are in the 19- to 25-year age group and 35.7% are in the 26- to 35-year group.Most people have a job (61%), and students form 15% of the buyers, which is substantially higher than their proportion of the cational levels are above-average among buyers, too, as is the proportion of individuals living in multi-person households.3.Online Trading and Sustainability—Empirical ResultsTaking the example of eBay, the above mentioned relationships were more closely looked at with an online survey that was carried out by the authors in November, 2008.The survey was intended to gain insight into eBay users’consumption patterns, their attitudes, and their ways of dealing with used products on eBay.The survey was directed to private eBay users who use the site, both for buying and selling, and who carried out at least one transaction during the preceding 12 months.In total, 2,511 valid questionnaires were analyzed.In contrast to Germany’s total population, more men (57.1%) than women responded, more persons who live with their partners (73.4%), and more people living in households of three or more (52.4%).The sample also displays a relatively high educational (49.4% level A) and employment status (49.2% working full time), and the respondents tend to live in or near urban areas.The agedistribution of the respondents (biggest cluster 40–49 years old; 29.8%) and their income distribution (40% medium to low income) are comparable with the overall population.More women (45.1%) than men (34.0%) of the sample live in households with children; the proportion of men increases with increasing age.The women who buy or sell on eBay have lower incomes.48.7%, of all female eBay buyers earn less than 2,000 Euros per month compared to 39.8% of all male eBay pared to the group of Internet users mentioned above, the sample analyzed here differs only in relation to income, with Internet users displaying higher incomes.The following subjects will be approached: Attitudes toward the environment and motives for trading on eBay, attitudes of eBay users regarding used products and their handling of used products.Then, a typology of consumer patterns of eBay users that was derived from the data will be presented.4.Conclusions from the Empirical StudyThe results of the survey show that environmental aspects play only a minor role for the majority of the surveyed eBay users when trading used products.When concerning their motivations in particular, other aspects have been more important to date: practical and financial considerations, as well as having fun trading on eBay.Opportunities to make trading on eBay more environmentally friendly lie in providing information about the environmental relevance of used goods trading, e.g.,directly on the eBay platform.In addition, the broad range of motivations that eBay speaks to offers good starting points for creating alliances of motivations that connect ecological aspects with other aspects of use.A concrete strategic point of intervention is the option to provide opportunities for climate-neutral shipping on the eBay platform, and eBay users have indicated a high willingness to use such an option.The survey also made it possible to identify various starting points for intensifying used goods trading.When developing communications strategies in this regard, the value of used goods for others should be emphasized more strongly.This could happen, for example, by pointing more clearly to the quality, as well as the monetary value, of used products in such communications.Interesting approaches that take this direction include quality tests of used products, as well as tools with which users can learn about the prices they can get for used products.The test lab introduced by eBay in mid-2008 is an interesting approach.Certain used products were tested here to show their value in relation to the value of new products.The results highlight the significance of situations of change in life for trading used products.Such phases, for example, the birth of one’s first child or retirement can (under certain circumstances) function as times when people start trading used goods, or they can be situations in which the willingness to buy and to sell second-hand products is especially high.An important aspect for used goods trading is that the effort invested in selling the product must be financially worthwhile.The responses showed, however, that this is not always the case.This aspect must be taken into account when developing measures to intensify used goods trading.Another finding: a central problem of used goods trading lies in the fact that many buyers are unsure of the quality of the products for sale (lack of warranties, doubts about whether the products are in fact in proper working order).In order to address this concern, it is important to develop mechanisms that increase trust in second-hand products and reflect their quality.Initial starting points include initiatives to refurbish used products.One example for this is the initiative which purchases, refurbishes and then resells used cell phones and provides a warranty.Identification of the five consumption patterns in online used goods trading contributed to structuring the various behavior patterns of private eBay users.Above all, the fact that the respondents’differences in socio-demographic characteristics are very small is remarkable.The five types do differ significantly, however, regarding their attitudes and their behavior on eBay.They also differ with respect to their concern for the sustainability-related contexts of eBay trading.The environmentally oriented buyers of used goods and the prosumers, as different as they may be, are those upon whom we pin our hopes for sustainability.Although the former group displays a certain consistency in terms of attitudes andbehavior, which is also characterized by increasing awareness of sustainability, it is the prosumers who treat new and used products with care in order to resell them, thereby contributing to lengthening of the life spans of products, even if they are not aware of this effect.中文译文二手物品网上交易资源效率的贡献:eBay用户的实证研究Jens Clausen , Birgit Blättel-Mink , Lorenz Erdmann ,Christine Henseling 摘要本文探讨了网上二手交易的可持续性的影响(对可持续发展的贡献,减少对环境的不利影响) 。

网上购物英文翻译

网上购物英文翻译Online ShoppingWith the rapid development of the Internet, online shopping has become increasingly popular. It offers convenience and a wide range of choices for consumers. This article will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online shopping.Firstly, online shopping is convenient. Unlike traditional shopping where you have to physically go to a store, online shopping allows you to shop from the comfort of your own home. You can browse through various websites and choose products according to your preference without the need to travel. This saves time and energy, making shopping a much more enjoyable experience.Secondly, online shopping provides a wide range of choices. You can find almost anything you need online, from clothing and electronics to books and furniture. Online retailers often have a larger inventory than physical stores, so you are more likely to find exactly what you are looking for. Additionally, you can compare prices and read reviews from previous customers to make informed decisions before making a purchase.Moreover, online shopping often offers better prices and discounts. Many online retailers offer lower prices compared to physical stores due to reduced overhead costs. They also frequently run sales and promotions, allowing you to save money on your purchases. Furthermore, you can use price comparison websites to find the best deals and save even more.However, online shopping has its disadvantages as well. One major drawback is the inability to see or try on products before buying. This can be a problem when purchasing items such as clothing or shoes, as you may not be able to determine the size or quality accurately. Additionally, returning or exchanging items can be a hassle and may require you to pay for return shipping.Another concern with online shopping is the security of personal information. When making an online purchase, you have to provide your credit card or other payment information, which can be risky. It is important to ensure that the website you are using is secure and uses encryption methods to protect your data. Furthermore, be cautious when entering personal information and avoid sharing it on unsecured networks.In conclusion, online shopping offers convenience, a wide range of choices, and often better prices. However, it also comes with risks such as the inability to physically see or try on products and concerns about security. It is important to be cautious and do proper research before making online purchases to ensure a positive shopping experience.。

基于J2EE平台电子商务系统

基于J2EE平台电子商务系统引言电子商务系统是基于互联网技术实现的商业活动，通过网络、服务器和软件系统来开展交易活动。

J2EE（Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition）是一种用于创建企业级应用程序的Java平台，它提供了一套全面的服务和API，可以用于开发可靠、可扩展和安全的电子商务系统。

本文将介绍基于J2EE平台的电子商务系统的设计和实现，包括系统架构、功能模块、数据库设计、安全性和性能优化等方面。

系统架构基于J2EE平台的电子商务系统通常采用分层架构，将系统分为表示层、逻辑层和数据层。

其中，表示层负责与用户交互，逻辑层负责处理业务逻辑，数据层负责与数据库进行交互。

系统架构图系统架构图1.表示层：表示层通常采用Web技术实现，包括网页和前端逻辑。

用户可以通过浏览器访问网页，与系统进行交互。

前端逻辑负责处理用户请求和渲染页面。

2.逻辑层：逻辑层负责处理业务逻辑，包括用户认证、购物车管理、订单处理等。

通常使用Java Servlet和JavaServer Pages (JSP)来实现。

3.数据层：数据层负责与数据库进行交互，包括数据的存储、读取和更新。

可以使用Java Persistence API (JPA) 或者 Hibernate等技术来实现。

基于J2EE平台的电子商务系统包含多个功能模块，主要包括用户管理、商品管理、购物车管理、订单管理和支付管理等。

用户管理用户管理模块负责用户的注册、登录和个人信息管理等功能。

用户可以通过注册功能创建账号，并可以通过登录功能进行身份验证。

个人信息管理功能允许用户管理个人资料和修改密码等。

商品管理商品管理模块负责商品的发布、展示和销售等功能。

商家可以通过该模块发布新商品，并可以对已发布的商品进行编辑和删除。

用户可以浏览商品列表，并可以通过搜索和筛选功能找到所需商品。

购物车管理模块负责用户的购物车操作。

用户可以将喜欢的商品加入购物车，并可以对购物车中的商品进行管理，如修改数量和删除商品。

电子商务网上购物外文翻译

SHOPPING ONLINE FOR FREEDOM,CONTROL AND FUNThe number of consumer buying online, and the amount being spent by online buyers has been on the rise; Forrester Research has estimated internet sales in 1999 to be more than double that of 1998,$20 billion .In comparison,overall retail sales in the U.S. totaled $13 trillion in 1999. thus,e-commerce sale currently account for only about 1% of retail sales, and experts and scholars have argued over the possible upper limit to the percentage of consumer online spending. Will the upper limit of online spending exceed that of other direct marketing at 15%? Or will it be as much as one third of purchases in many retail product categories by 2010 as recently suggested by Forester Research?Ultimately, the degree to which online shopping fulfills goal-oriented and experiential consumer needs will impact the amount of shopping dollars that consumers will choose to spending each environment. While many writers are touting the unique capabilities of the online medium to provide interactivity and personalized experiences, for instance, few have focused systematically on what online shoppers really desire, and why they are shopping online in the first place. Clearly understanding what online shoppers really desire, and why they are shopping online can and should inform strategy. Technology and marketing decisions as well as website design. So ,what motivates online shopping? In the offline environment, marketers recognize that consumers shop differently depending on whether their motivations for searching are primarily experiential (for fun) or goal directed (for efficiency). Our research of online customers suggests that these two motivations generalize to the online environment as well.Experiential behavior is especially likely in categories where shoppers have an ongoing, hobby-type interest. Collectors and hobbyists enjoy the “thrill of the hunt”as much as the acquisition of items for the collection. As well, having time available and desiring stimulation results in more experiential shopping behavior. Scholars have also discovered that the higher playfulness associated with experiential behavior results in a more positive mood, greater shopping satisfaction and a higer likelihood of impulse purchasing compared to goal-focused shopping.Goal-oriented or utilitarian shopping has been described by various marketing scholars as task-oriented, efficient, rational, and deliberate. Thus, goal-focused shoppers are transaction-oriented and desire to purchase what they want quickly and without distraction. Retailing consumers describe utilitarian shopping as "work" and evaluate the results of their effort by terms commonly associated with work performance, such as "success" and "accomplishment."Importantly, marketing research firms have found that two-thirds to four-fifths of Internet buyers engage in narrowly defined searches for specific products online.* In an online survey we recently conducted with 1013 members of the Harris Interactive online panel, 71% of shoppers said their most recent online purchase had been previously planned, while 29% said they had been browsing.when they made their purchase. Thus, online shopping is more likely to be goal focused rather than experiential. Click stream analysis of major e-commerce sites also suggests that online consumers tend to be goal-focused. For example, duration time spent in a store or at a site, termed "stickiness" by e-commerce insiders, is strongly correlated with motivation, as experiential shoppers "stick"around longer than do transaction-oriented consumers. Currently, weekly data provided by Nielsen-Net Ratings regularly show that the "stickiness" of e-commerce web sites is quite limited, with the length of visits at top sites (with the significant exception of e-Bay) being largely 15 minutes or less. A typical weekly average time spent on Barnes and Noble, for instance, is 10 minutes, just about long enough to find a book and actually complete the transaction.Why are more e-tailing consumers expected to be goal-focused? One clue is the finding that time-starved consumers are especially likely to be online shoppers. Another clue is that early and heavy users of the Internet tend to have a strong internal locus of control and thus are goal-oriented personalities. Moreover, the online medium facilitates utilitarian behavior as search costs for product information are dramatically reduced.'" Our research with online shoppers suggests that goal-oriented shoppers are interested in e-tailing because of four specific attributes: convenience and accessibility; selection; availability of information; and lack of sociality. Importantly, shoppers frequently and explicitly associate these goal-oriented attributes with increased freedom and control.Despite the preponderance of utilitarian online shopping, there is evidence that some online shoppers engage in experiential shopping, or shopping for fun, a behavior desirable to marketers as fun-seekers tend to be impulsive and to make more purchases." Why are some online shoppers engaging in experiential behavior? Experiential shoppers tell us they enjoy: auctions;involvement with a hobby/product class; and bargain hunting. In sum, these shoppers focus on "the experience" or fun of online shopping as much as they do on product acquisition (see Table 1).Research MethodologyThis research was supported by the Center for Research on Information Technology in Organizations (CRITO) at the University of California, Irvine. The purpose of the project is to understand the attributes that contribute to consumers having a satisfying, high-quality online shopping experience. Our specific purpose in undertaking this research was to fully understand consumer motivations for online shopping, as these motivations will affect the web site attributes and experiences desired by shoppers. We undertook 9 focus groups of online buyers (64 consumers altogether). Three focus groups included MBA students and staff, a group likely to be technology "Fast Forwards"'^ and thus early adopters of online shopping. In addition, we conducted two offline focus groups in Southern California recruited from Harris Interactive's online panel. Finally, we worked with Harris Interactive to conduct four online focus groups (including participants from across the U.S. and Canada). Harris Interactive recruited both online and offline participants with the aim of creating groups who were diverse with respect to age, sex, online experience, and products purchased online. Our sample included participants aged 19 to 81; they purchased CDs, books, software, hardware, toys and travel, and engaged in online auctions, all common online buying categories. However, outside these major categories, a wide variety of purchases were made, including ammunition, lingerie, groceries, camping equipment, cars; one participant had even purchased his house online!Online qualitative research offers the advantage of obtaining individual as well as group reactions to concepts and research questions, while minimizing the opportunity for individuals in the group to dominate the group or persuade other respondents by the force of their personalities. The online focus group methodology evokes dialogues that are honest, direct, and somewhat less constrained by social conventions present in traditional focus groups. Online qualitative research is uniquely suited for engaging Internet savvy respondents. It is especially appealing to those for whom time is at a premium. In addition, online focus groups reach audiences not generally reached by traditional face-to-face focus groups, including those in outlying areas and respondents who are home bound. Individuals located in geographically diverse areas can participate in the same session. Respondents use their own computers and donot have to travel to a focus group facility."Based on existing literature on goal-focused and experiential motivations in offline shopping and speculations about these motivations applying to the online environment, our study asked participants if they shop for entertainment or for specific needs."* Also, we investigated the degree to which online buyers perform relatively narrow product searches as opposed to browsing online. We also asked focus group participants to compare online and offline shopping, which increased our understanding of the underlying determinants of online shopping. More specifically, our guide for the portion of focus group focusing on motivations contained the following questions:I want to start by talking about shopping. Just about everybody likes to shop, or has to shop.• Describe your typical online shopping experience. (Probe:)• Where do you usually shop from? At what time of day? How often? What types of things do you usually shop for online?• Do you go to a specific site to shop, or do you search for items first?• How often do you shop for entertainment vs. shop for a specific need?• In general, what differences come to mind when thinking about online shopping and offline (brick-and-mortar) shopping. (LIST ON EASEL)• Offline: What makes experience e njoyable? What are the headaches?• Online: What makes experience enjoyable? What are the headaches?• What are the factors that influence whether you shop in a store vs. online?• Are there items that you buy in one mode that you wouldn't buy in the other?While there was a protocol for the focus group questions, each focus group covered unique ground as participants' comments and answers would prompt follow-up into different areas; the offline protocol had to be adapted somewhat for the online focus groups. In the four online groups, a professional moderator ran the groups, while hoth researchers "lurked," being present without being visible to participants; researchers could communicate with the moderator behind-the-scenes, suggesting questions or probes. The online groups are held in real time in a "chat room" format. As part of the online group, selected web sites were "spawned" on participant computers, where they could respond to and interact with the web site.Offline focus groups were transcribed while online group transcriptions were automatically generated. We analyzed the transcripts by systematically categorizing and labeling attributes of online shopping." We undertook coding and development of theory together'* and ultimately developed four categories of goal-oriented motivations and three categories of experiential motivations. Table 2 shows how goal-oriented and experientialmotivations, characteristics, and attributes were contrasted and coded. In addition, we looked for connections or theoretical connections to goal-oriented and experiential motivations, a process called "iterative tacking."Rather than reporting specific tabulations, and in line with common managerial practice in analyzing focus group data, we have suggested a degree of consensus without necessarily claiming specific proportions or orders of magnitude, especially when such information might be useful to managers." However, quantitative market research data reported by major firms that dovetails with our findings is used to support our claims. Nevertheless, the preponderance of responses did not guide our analysis entirely. Idiosyncratic responses not only offered clues about the boundaries within which findings are relevant, but also surfaced issues not articulated as well by other study participants.Goal-Oriented ShoppingEspecially impressive is the frequency with which goal-oriented shoppers mentioned the increased freedom and control they experience while shopping online (see Table 3 for sample quotes). Thus, web customers are not passive recipients of marketing and selling and are instead central players who experience increased control in the online environment. Interestingly, online buyers often said they decided to go online to shop only when they had a specific purchase in mind, with the majority describing online buying as consisting largely of planned purchases. In fact, many online buyers told us that they did not necessarily think of buying on the net as "shopping." Rather, they think of it as "buying." We specifically asked online buyers if they are more impulsive while shopping online or offline and were overwhelmingly informed that shoppers are more impulsive offline (except at auction sites, where buying behavior is much more likely to be experiential). The general lack of impulsiveness during online shopping is due to the inahility to take possession of goods immediately, the ease of returning later to buy the goods after further thought, and the trouble of having to mail back unwanted items.。

基于.NET 的网络商城的设计外文文献翻译购物网站2014年译文3450字

文献出处: Sabato G, Wilson N. Design and Implementation of Status Authentication System Based On [J]. The Journal of Credit Risk, 2014, 6(2): 95-127.（声明：本译文归百度文库所有，完整译文请到百度文库。

）原文Design and Implementation of Status Authentication System Based On Sabato G, Wilson N.AbstractWith the rapid development of internet technologies, as a newly developed trading operation mode, more and more emphasis are placed on electronic trading. Status authentication system is an essential component of electronic trading, which gives more conveniences and fastness to customers who are in favor of internet shopping. This thesis deals with how to construct status authentication system with newly developed internet technologies, improve the trading capabilities of internet trading platform and give a full play of the information of the internet. The programming of status authentication system and user interface are constructed with technology. Back-end database is constructed with SQL SERVER 2008. A secure access to status authentication system database is implicated with . Demand-analysis, business procedure, systemic structure and database mode of status authentication system are analyzed and designed with three tire structure. The advantages of and three tire structure are discussed, and a status authentication system is constructed.Key words: Status authentication system; ; Three tire structure; Database1 The Summary of online shopping1.1 Online shopping definitionOnline mall is similar to ordinary mall, is to use various means of electronic commerce from buy to sell deal process virtual store, so as to reduce the intermediate links, eliminate operating costs and agency in the middle of the price difference, and increase market circulation, with a huge space for development. As far as possible,also the consumer, drive the rapid development of the company.1.2 Construction of online mallSuch as using a special platform. Advantage is low investment cost, high efficiency. Enterprises only need to register and submit relevant information you can use the establishment of the online platform to complete you’re online shopping. For lack of funds and technical support of corporate entrepreneurship can make full use of the mall. Defect is unable to effectively control space, domain names, procedures, and other important resources. In the long run can produce adverse effect to the enterprise network sales.Shopping mall and relative platform independent relatively complex network mall, invest more. But the effect is better. Enterprises can choose the programming language, ASP language, have a lower development costs and a large market coverage, but the safety problem is outstanding. The PHP language is characterized by convenience, flexible, very suitable for program development. The most commonly used programming language mainstream products. Weakness is not suitable for big projects and secondary development. In the high-end application ability is limited. Have an ECSHOP, SHOPEX, etc.JA V A language to build online shopping system in the current products on the market is very little. Have superior language features, built by the online shopping system in safety, functional expansibility and secondary development has very excellent performance. But high development cost, the difficulty is big. Usually only use big business, government, etc.2 Network mall development process2.1 The requirements analysisUnderstand customer needs, including company introduction, item description, basic functional requirements, business process, etc.2.2 Construction scheme design online mallAccording to the demand analysis, according to the actual situation of enterprises, choose suitable for the enterprise network mall construction plan. Such as web hosting service or buy your own server.2.3 Host the DNS queryDomain name is part of the image of enterprise. Easy to remember and highlight the characteristics of enterprise name easy to improve enterprise brand image.2.4 Interface design, manufacture, and modification.The code a good interface design to the information release at the same time to the company's business philosophy and purpose accurate interpretation. And can attract the customers. At the same time for architecture design, coding. To provide customers with convenient browsing navigation, suitable business function modules, such as information release system, product display, shopping cart system, etc. To suit demand of the enterprise, this step needs to actively cooperate with customers.2.5 debugging functionDebug the whole system function, to provide customer tests and listen to customer comments, a change in a timely manner.2.6 ReleaseAfter through customer audit through online shopping system, can be uploaded to the site to run the server, the formal release. And timely after-sale technical support and maintenance.3 The key technologies of online shopping3.1 Definition: is Microsoft for XML Web services platform. The software will use a way of unified, personalized information, equipment and personnel closely linked together.XML Web services allow applications regardless of what kind of operating system, device, or adopted by a programming language, can through the Internet to communicate and share platform provides create XML Web services at the same time meet the needs of the integrate these services together. Specifically, platform includes development tools, XML WEB services, the client and server. experience.3.2 XML Web servicesThe basis of XML Web services is programming model. The core of technology. Is to other Application data and services application logic unit. Application using the standard Web protocol and data format (such as HTTP, XMLand SOAP) access to the XML Web services, has nothing to do with each XML Web services is implemented. Through XML Web services, customers and users from one service to another, from one application, or even from one environment to another environment will be very easy. Allows the user plane degree computer world will become simpler.3.3. framework Framework (.net Framework) is developed by Microsoft for more than a language component development and execution environment, it provides a unified cross-language programming environment. The purpose of framework is convenient for developers to more easily build Web applications and Web services, making the Internet between various applications, Can use Web services to communicate. Is mainly composed of the following two: Common Language Runtime (CLR: Common Language Runtime) CLR manages memory, thread execution, code safety verification, compilation, and other system services. CLI is a set of operation environment, including general system, the middle of the base class library has nothing to do with the machine code, called the common intermediate language (CLI).The CLR is confirm password in accordance with the CLI platform operation. The CLR in CLI instruction before implementation compiled into the original mechanical code in a timely manner.3.4 The predecessor of the ASP technology, is a server-side scripting technology developed by Microsoft, but to let the script embedded in a web page by intent web server implementation. includes all kinds of needed services to facilitate Web application developers to generate the enterprise level The program. Provides developers with a new kind of programming structure and model of the generated application has better Scalability and stability, and better security protection, is a unified model for Web application development.Developers can gradually add in the existing ASP application capabilities, to enhance and improve its function at any time. All applications can be applied to the whole. Framework, compared with ASP, application development can use any. NET compatible languages, such as c # and JScript. NET.., Visual , etc. And instant interpreter speed is much quicker than is a kind of natural layered architecture, the SQL Server, Oracle, consistent access to all sorts of data and public data sources such as, and through the data provider is a Dataset and. NET Frame Work of two core components complete decomposition data access tasks. For large-scale complicated information system development and maintenance.4 Three layer structure4.1 C/S structureC/S (Client/Server), namely the Client/Server structure is a kind of system architecture, currently most application software system based on C/S structure, in the form of this structure can make full use of the advantages of both ends hardware environment, make reasonable tasks assigned to the Client and the Server side, reduce the communication overhead of the system. In this structure, the server is the core of the network, the customer is the foundation of the network, the client server to obtain the required network resources, the server must provide for the customer network resources.C/S structure can give full play to the Client's ability to process, make a lot of work on the Client side processing and then submitted to the server, business processing logic is mainly, on the Client side and could be called Fat Client (Fat Client) structure. So the client speed accordingly.4.2 B/S structureB/S (Browser/Server) structure namely the Browser and Server structure. Is a variable of C/S structure And the improved structure, with the rapid development of Internet technology and the rise. Under B/S structure, the application server implementation of professional software applications, and Web server implementation customer performance, because the client through the browser to make the business process, greatly reduce the cost of system maintenance and upgrade and workload, simplify the client computer load at the same time. Is the first choice for today's application software architecture.B/S system structure, the client through the browser to a Web server database access request, a Web server to the client request into SQL syntax, and to the database server, database server get request, verify its legitimacy, and carry on data processing, processing results back to the Web server, Web server will get all the results into HTML document form, sent to the client browser, in the form of Web page display to the customer.4.3 Three layer structureThree layer structure (3 - tier application) refers to the entire business application is divided into: the presentation layer (UI), business logic layer (BLL), data access layer (DAL).In software architecture design, and a hierarchical structure is the most common, also is one of the most important kind of structure. Is on the basis of the client and server two layer structure to join the middle layer, application service layer, namely between multiple applications share the business logic layer of three layer structure, the formation of "thin client - fat middle tier - thin server" calculation model.Microsoft's recommended layered structure. Three layer architecture and not physical three layer, refers to the three logical layer, regardless of the three layer is placed in a machine or machine, the C/S architecture and B/S three layer structure can be used in the architecture. In the three-tier architecture, the client usually do not directly interact with the database, the business rules, data access work and the check of legitimacy on the middle business logic layer, the middle layer is responsible for the number According to the library to interact.4.3.1 Presentation layer (UI)Used for processing the human-computer interaction, is responsible for handling user requests. Popular speak be presented to the user interface, and is responsible for the display data and receive user input data. Main responsibility is to provide users with information and translate user's instruction and passed to the middle business logic layer, the. NET in the asp page. User’s closest ideal should not include the business processing system, the logic code only related to the interface elements.4.3.2 Business Logic Layer, Business Logic Layer) referred to as "the BLLThe business logic layer is three layer system structure embodies the core valuesin the section. Used for data processing business logic. In the data access layer and presentation layer, plays an essential role in data exchange. Because the three layers structure is weak coupling between the structure, the dependence between layer and layer is downward, change the design of the upper does not have any effect for the called the bottom. Therefore, the design of the business logic layer architecture scalability is particularly important. According to the different needs of application system, can be divided into different modules.4.3.3 Data access layer (DAL)The data access layer directly responsible for database operation, data add, delete, modify, query and other operations. And can be referred to as persistence layer, can access the database system, binary files, text documents, and XML documents, framework using complete access to the database, access to the function of the different types of data sources is encapsulated into different classes are stored. NET Class Library, can be based on. application calls.译文基于NET 的网络商城的设计作者：萨巴托；威尔逊.摘要随着互联网技术的快速发展，作为一种新兴的商务运作模式，电子商务正越来越受到人们的重视。

基于J2EE技术的网上电脑商城的设计

前台应用和
信息表（ｕｔｍｅ）产品１级（）类信息表（ｎｃｓ）ｃｓｏｒ、总分ｏｅｌｓ、ａ
产品２级（细）类信息表（ｗｃｓ）品牌信息表详分ｔｏｌｓ、ａ
第１卷第７０期
２Ｊ７ＯＩ年月
Ｖｏ１１．ＯＮＯ．７Ｊ１２ｕ．０１ｌ
基于ＪＥ２Ｅ技术的网上电脑商城的设计
张蕾
（州大学升达经贸管理学院，南郑州４１９）郑河５１１
摘要：究了基于ＪＥ研２Ｅ技术的通用电子商城系统的开发，细了阐述了系统的总体结构及功能设计，进行系统详并
１２系统的功能分析．
后台管理是管理员对本网站的维护，过商品资料通
（加大类、加小类、品添加、品审查）商品交易（添添商商、处理订单、货查询）会员管理（员审查）操作管理（理发、会、管
本系统系统分为前台管理和后台管理。前台管理是友好的操作界面，用户浏览、询使用。包括：览商供查浏品、询商品、购商品、物车、户维护等功能；台管查订购用后理是提供给管理员的，中包括：品管理、户管理、其商用订单管理、品大分类管理、品小分类管理等。使管理员商商从繁琐的手工操作中解脱出来，提高了办公效率。并

计算机科学与技术毕业论文参考文献示例

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网上购物英语翻译

网上购物英语翻译Online ShoppingWith the rapid development of e-commerce, online shopping has become increasingly popular in recent years. People can now buy almost anything they need or want from the comfort of their own homes, without having to go to physical stores. Online shopping offers a wide range of benefits and conveniences.First and foremost, online shopping provides customers with a wide variety of choices. There are numerous online stores that sell different brands and products, giving consumers more options to choose from compared to physical stores. A simple search on the internet can lead to thousands of results, allowing shoppers to compare prices and quality easily and make informed decisions.Secondly, online shopping is convenient and time-saving. With just a few clicks, customers can browse through various items, read product descriptions, and make purchases. There is no need to spend time driving to a physical store, finding parking, and standing in long queues. Online shopping also saves time in terms of getting the products delivered. Many online stores now offer fast and efficient delivery services, ensuring that customers receive their purchases in a timely manner.Additionally, online shopping often offers better deals and discounts. Many online retailers provide lower prices compared to physical stores as they have lower operating costs. Furthermore, there are always sales and special promotions happening online, such as "Black Friday" or "Cyber Monday," which offer greatsavings to consumers. With the ability to compare prices easily, shoppers can also find the best deals and get the most value for their money.Despite its benefits, online shopping also has some drawbacks. One of the major concerns is the risk of fraud and scams. As online transactions involve sharing personal and financial information, there is a potential risk of unauthorized access and misuse of the data. Online shoppers need to be cautious about providing their personal information only on secured and trustworthy websites to avoid falling victim to scams.Another drawback is the inability to physically see and feel the products before purchasing. Although online stores often provide detailed descriptions and images, it may still be difficult for customers to assess the quality and true appearance of the products. Some shoppers may prefer to go to physical stores to try on clothes or test out electronic devices before making a purchase.In conclusion, online shopping has gained popularity due to its convenience and wide selection of products. It offers customers a variety of choices, saves time and often provides better deals. However, shoppers need to be aware of the potential risks and disadvantages of online shopping, such as fraud and the inability to physically inspect products. It is important for consumers to be cautious and make informed decisions when shopping online.。

网购英语作文80带翻译

网购英语作文80带翻译Title: The Impact of Online Shopping on Modern Society。

In the past few decades, online shopping has emerged as a transformative force in modern society, revolutionizingthe way people buy and sell goods. This phenomenon has had profound implications for individuals, businesses, and the economy as a whole. In this essay, we will explore the various aspects of online shopping and its effects.First and foremost, the convenience of online shopping cannot be overstated. With just a few clicks or taps, consumers can browse a vast array of products from the comfort of their homes or while on the go. This convenience factor has greatly contributed to the popularity of online shopping, as it eliminates the need to travel to physical stores and allows people to shop at any time of day or night.Additionally, online shopping has expanded the reach ofbusinesses, enabling even small retailers to access a global market. Through online platforms, merchants can showcase their products to a much broader audience than would be possible through traditional brick-and-mortar stores alone. This has leveled the playing field in many industries, allowing new entrants to compete with established players on a more equal footing.Furthermore, online shopping has facilitated the rise of e-commerce giants such as Amazon, Alibaba, and eBay. These companies have transformed the retail landscape and disrupted traditional business models. By leveraging technology and data analytics, they have optimized the shopping experience for consumers and streamlined supply chains, leading to greater efficiency and lower prices.However, online shopping is not without its drawbacks. One major concern is the issue of security and privacy. With the proliferation of online transactions, there is an increased risk of data breaches and identity theft. Consumers must be vigilant about safeguarding their personal and financial information when making onlinepurchases.Moreover, the rise of online shopping has had significant implications for the environment. The convenience of fast shipping and free returns has led to a surge in packaging waste and carbon emissions from transportation. As consumers, we must consider the environmental impact of our shopping habits and strive to make more sustainable choices whenever possible.In conclusion, online shopping has become an integral part of modern life, offering unparalleled convenience and accessibility to consumers worldwide. While it has brought about many benefits, such as expanded market access and greater efficiency, it also poses challenges in terms of security, privacy, and environmental sustainability. As we continue to embrace the digital age, it is important to approach online shopping with caution and mindfulness, balancing the benefits with the potential risks and consequences.标题，网购对现代社会的影响。

电子商务网上购物外文翻译

SHOPP‎I NG ONLIN‎E FOR FREED‎OM,CONTR‎OL AND FUNThe numbe‎r of consu‎m er buyin‎g onlin‎e, and the amoun‎t being‎spent‎ by onlin‎e bu y er‎s has been on the rise; Forre‎s ter Resea‎r ch has estim‎a ted inter‎n et sales‎in 1999 to be more than doubl‎e that of 1998,$20 billi‎o n .In compa‎ri son‎,overa‎ll retai‎l sales‎in the U.S. total‎e d $13 trill‎ion in 1999. thus,e-comme‎r ce sale curre‎n tly accou‎n t for only about‎ 1% of retai‎l sales‎,and exper‎t s and schol‎a rs have argue‎d over the possi‎b l e upper‎limit‎ to the perce‎n tage‎of consu‎m er onlin‎e spend‎i ng. Will the upper‎limit‎ of onlin‎e spend‎i ng excee‎d that of other‎direc‎t marke‎ting at 15%? Or will it be as much as one third‎of purch‎ases in many retai‎l produ‎c t categ‎o ries‎by 2010 as recen‎tly sugge‎s ted by Fores‎t er Resea‎r ch?Ultim‎a tely‎,the degre‎e to which‎onlin‎e shopp‎i ng fulfi‎l ls goal-orien‎t ed and exper‎i en ti‎a l consu‎m er needs‎will impac‎t the amoun‎t of shopp‎i ng dolla‎r s that consu‎m ers will choos‎e to spend‎i ng each envir‎o nmen‎t. While‎many write‎r s are touti‎n g the uniqu‎e capab‎iliti‎e s of the onlin‎e mediu‎m to provi‎d e inter‎a ctiv‎i ty and perso‎n aliz‎e d exper‎i ence‎s, for insta‎n ce, few have focu s‎e d syste‎m atic‎ally on what onlin‎e shopp‎e rs reall‎y desir‎e, and why they are shopp‎i ng onlin‎e in the first‎ place‎. Clear‎l y under‎s tand‎i ng what onlin‎e shopp‎ers reall‎y desir‎e, and why they are shopp‎ing onlin‎e can and shoul‎d infor‎m strat‎e g y. Techn‎o logy‎and marke‎ting decis‎i ons as well as websi‎t e desig‎n. So ,what motiv‎ates onlin‎e shopp‎i ng? In the offli‎n e envir‎o nmen‎t, marke‎t ers recog‎n ize that consu‎m ers shop diffe‎r entl‎y depen‎ding on wheth‎er their‎m otiv‎a tion‎s for searc‎hing are prima‎rily exper‎i enti‎a l (for fun) or goal direc‎t ed (for effic‎i ency‎). Our resea‎r ch of onlin‎e custo‎m ers sugge‎s ts that these‎two motiv‎a tion‎s gener‎a lize‎to the onlin‎e envir‎o nmen‎t as well.Exper‎i enti‎a l behav‎i or is espec‎i ally‎likel‎y in categ‎o ries‎where‎shopp‎e rs have an ongoi‎n g, hobby‎-type inter‎e st. Colle‎c tors‎and hobby‎i sts enjoy‎the “thril‎l of the hunt”as much as the acqui‎s i tio‎n of items‎f or the colle‎ction‎. As well, havin‎g time avail‎a ble and desir‎i ng stimu‎l ati o‎n resul‎t s in more exper‎i enti‎a l shopp‎i ng behav‎i or. Schol‎a rs have also disco‎v ered‎that the high e‎r playf‎u lnes‎s assoc‎i ated‎with exper‎i enti‎a l behav‎i or resul‎t s in a more posit‎i ve mood, great‎e r shopp‎i ng satis‎f acti‎o n and a higer‎likel‎i hood‎of impul‎s e purch‎a sing‎compa‎r ed to goal-focu s‎e d shopp‎i ng.Goal-orien‎t ed or utili‎t aria‎n shopp‎i ng has been descr‎i bed by vario‎u s marke‎ting schol‎a rs as task-orien‎t ed, effic‎i ent, ratio‎n al, and delib‎e rate‎.Thus, goal-focus‎e d shopp‎ers are trans‎a ctio‎n-orien‎t ed and desir‎e to purch‎a se what they want quick‎l y and witho‎u t distr‎a ctio‎n. Retai‎ling consu‎m ers descr‎i be utili‎t aria‎n shopp‎i ng as "work" and evalu‎ate the resul‎t s of their‎effor‎t by terms‎commo‎n ly assoc‎i ated‎with work perfo‎rmanc‎e, such as "succe‎ss" and "accom‎plish‎ment."Impor‎t antl‎y, marke‎ting resea‎r ch firms‎h ave found‎that two-third‎s to four-fifth‎s of Inter‎net buyer‎s engag‎e in narro‎wly defin‎e d searc‎h es for speci‎f ic produ‎c ts onlin‎e.* In an onlin‎e surve‎y we recen‎tly condu‎cted with 1013 membe‎r s of the Harri‎s Inter‎a ctiv‎e onlin‎e panel‎, 71% of shopp‎ers said their‎m ost recen‎t onlin‎e purch‎a se had been previ‎o u sly‎plann‎e d, while‎29% said they had been brows‎i ng.when they made their‎purch‎a se. Thus, onlin‎e shopp‎i ng is more likel‎y to be goal focu s‎e d rathe‎r than exper‎i enti‎a l. Click‎strea‎m analy‎sis of major‎e-comme‎r ce sites‎also sugge‎sts that onlin‎e consu‎m ers tend to be goal-focus‎e d. For examp‎l e, durat‎i on time spent‎i n a store‎or at a site, terme‎d"stick‎i ness‎"by e-comme‎r ce insid‎e rs, is stron‎g ly corre‎l ated‎with motiv‎a tion‎,as exper‎i enti‎a l shopp‎ers "stick‎"aroun‎d longe‎r than do trans‎a ctio‎n-orien‎t ed consu‎m ers. Curre‎n tly, weekl‎y data provi‎d ed by Niels‎e n-Net Ratin‎g s regul‎a rly show that the "stick‎i ness‎" of e-comme‎rce web sites‎i s quite‎limit‎e d, with the lengt‎h of visit‎s at top sites‎(with the signi‎f ican‎t excep‎tion of e-Bay) being‎large‎l y 15 minut‎e s or less. A typic‎al weekl‎y avera‎g e time spent‎ on Barne‎s and Noble‎,for insta‎n ce, is 10 minut‎e s, just about‎l ong enoug‎h to find a book and actua‎lly compl‎e te the trans‎a ctio‎n.Why are more e-taili‎n g consu‎m ers expec‎t ed to be goal-focus‎e d? One clue is the findi‎n g that time-starv‎e d consu‎m ers are espec‎i ally‎likel‎y to be onlin‎e shopp‎e rs. Anoth‎e r clue is that early‎and heavy‎users‎ of the Inter‎n et tend to have a stron‎g inter‎n al locus‎of contr‎o l and thus are goal-orien‎t ed perso‎n alit‎i es. Moreo‎v er, the onlin‎e mediu‎m facil‎i tate‎s utili‎t aria‎n behav‎i or as searc‎h costs‎f or produ‎c t infor‎m atio‎n are drama‎tical‎l y reduc‎e d.'" Our resea‎rch with onlin‎e shopp‎ers sugge‎s ts that goal-orien‎t ed shopp‎ers are inter‎e sted‎in e-taili‎n g becau‎s e of four speci‎fic attri‎b u tes‎: conve‎n ienc‎e and acces‎s i bil‎i ty; selec‎tion; avail‎a bili‎ty of infor‎m atio‎n; and lack of socia‎lity. Impor‎t antl‎y, shopp‎e rs frequ‎en tly‎and expli‎c i tly‎assoc‎i ate these‎g oal-orien‎t ed attri‎butes‎with incre‎ased freed‎om and contr‎ol.Despi‎t e the prepo‎n dera‎n ce of utili‎t aria‎n onlin‎e shopp‎i ng, there‎is evide‎n ce that someonlin‎e shopp‎e rs engag‎e in exper‎i enti‎a l shopp‎i ng, or shopp‎i ng for fun, a behav‎i or desir‎a ble to marke‎t ers as fun-seeke‎r s tend to be impul‎s ive and to make more purch‎a ses." Why are some onlin‎e shopp‎e rs engag‎i ng in exper‎i enti‎a l behav‎i or? Exper‎i enti‎a l shopp‎e rs tell us they enjoy‎: aucti‎o ns;invol‎v emen‎t with a hobby‎/produ‎c t class‎; and barga‎i n hunti‎n g. In sum, these‎shopp‎e rs focus‎on "the exper‎i ence‎" or fun of onlin‎e shopp‎i ng as much as they do on produ‎c t acqui‎s itio‎n (see Table‎1).Resea‎r ch Metho‎d olog‎yThis resea‎r ch was suppo‎r ted by the Cente‎r for Resea‎r ch on Infor‎m atio‎n Techn‎o logy‎in Organ‎i zati‎o ns (CRITO‎) at the Unive‎r sity‎of Calif‎o rnia‎, Irvin‎e. The purpo‎s e of the proje‎c t is to under‎s tand‎the attri‎b utes‎that contr‎i bute‎to consu‎m ers havin‎g a satis‎f ying‎,high-quali‎t y onlin‎e shopp‎i ng exper‎i ence‎. Our speci‎f ic purpo‎s e in under‎t akin‎g this resea‎r ch was to fully‎under‎s tand‎consu‎m er motiv‎a tion‎s for onlin‎e shopp‎i ng, as these‎motiv‎a tion‎s will affec‎t the web site attri‎b utes‎and exper‎i ence‎s desir‎e d by shopp‎e rs. We under‎t ook 9 focus‎group‎s of onlin‎e buyer‎s (64 consu‎m ers altog‎e ther‎). Three‎focus‎group‎s inclu‎d ed MBA stude‎n ts and staff‎, a group‎likel‎y to be techn‎o logy‎"Fast Forwa‎r ds"'^ and thus early‎adopt‎e rs of onlin‎e shopp‎i ng. In addit‎i on, we condu‎c ted two offli‎n e focus‎group‎s in South‎e rn Calif‎o rnia‎recru‎i ted from Harri‎s Inter‎a ctiv‎e's onlin‎e panel‎.Final‎l y, we worke‎d with Harri‎s Inter‎a ctiv‎e to condu‎c t four onlin‎e focus‎group‎s (inclu‎d ing parti‎c ipan‎t s from acros‎s the U.S. and Canad‎a). Harri‎s Inter‎a ctiv‎e recru‎i ted both onlin‎e and offli‎n e parti‎c ipan‎t s with the aim of creat‎i ng group‎s who were diver‎s e with respe‎c t to age, sex, onlin‎e exper‎i ence‎,and produ‎c ts purch‎a sed onlin‎e. Our sampl‎e inclu‎d ed parti‎c ipan‎t s aged 19 to 81; they purch‎a sed CDs, books‎, softw‎a re, hardw‎a re, toys and trave‎l, and engag‎e d in onlin‎e aucti‎o ns, all commo‎n onlin‎e buyin‎g categ‎o ries‎.Howev‎e r, outsi‎d e these‎major‎categ‎o ries‎, a wide varie‎t y of purch‎a ses were made, inclu‎d ing ammun‎i tion‎,linge‎r ie, groce‎r ies, campi‎n g equip‎m ent, cars; one parti‎c ipan‎t had even purch‎a sed his house‎onlin‎e!Onlin‎e quali‎t ativ‎e resea‎r ch offer‎s the advan‎t age of obtai‎n ing indiv‎i dual‎as well as group‎react‎i ons to conce‎p ts and resea‎r ch quest‎i ons, while‎minim‎i zing‎the oppor‎t unit‎y for indiv‎i dual‎s in the group‎to domin‎a te the group‎or persu‎a de other‎respo‎n dent‎s by the force‎of their‎perso‎n alit‎i es. The onlin‎e focus‎group‎metho‎d olog‎y evoke‎s dialo‎g ues that are hones‎t, direc‎t, and somew‎h at less const‎r aine‎d by socia‎l conve‎n tion‎s prese‎n t in tradi‎t iona‎l focus‎group‎s. Onlin‎e quali‎t ativ‎e resea‎r ch is uniqu‎e ly suite‎d for engag‎i ng Inter‎n et savvy‎respo‎n dent‎s. It is espec‎i ally‎appea‎l ing to those‎for whom time is at a premi‎u m. In addit‎i on, onlin‎e focus‎group‎s reach‎audie‎n ces not gener‎a lly reach‎e d by tradi‎t iona‎l face-to-face focus‎group‎s, inclu‎d ing those‎in outly‎i ng areas‎and respo‎n dent‎s who are home bound‎.Indiv‎i dual‎s locat‎e d in geogr‎a phic‎a lly diver‎s e areas‎can parti‎c ipat‎e in the same sessi‎o n. Respo‎n dent‎s use their‎own compu‎t ers and do not have to trave‎l to a focus‎group‎facil‎i ty."Based‎on exist‎i ng liter‎a ture‎on goal-focus‎e d and exper‎i enti‎a l motiv‎a tion‎s in offli‎n e shopp‎i ng and specu‎l atio‎n s about‎these‎motiv‎a tion‎s apply‎i ng to the onlin‎e envir‎o nmen‎t, our study‎asked‎parti‎c ipan‎t s if they shop for enter‎t ainm‎e nt or for speci‎f ic needs‎."* Also, we inves‎t igat‎e d the degre‎e to which‎onlin‎e buyer‎s perfo‎r m relat‎i vely‎narro‎w produ‎c t searc‎h es as oppos‎e d to brows‎i ng onlin‎e. We also asked‎focus‎group‎parti‎c ipan‎t s to compa‎r e onlin‎e and offli‎n e shopp‎i ng, which‎incre‎a sed our under‎s tand‎i ng of the under‎l ying‎deter‎m inan‎t s of onlin‎e shopp‎i ng. More speci‎f ical‎l y, our guide‎for the porti‎o n of focus‎group‎focus‎i ng on motiv‎a tion‎s conta‎i ned the follo‎w ing quest‎i ons:I want to start‎by talki‎n g about‎shopp‎i ng. Just about‎every‎b ody likes‎to shop, or has to shop.•‎Descr‎i be your typic‎a l onlin‎e shopp‎i ng exper‎i ence‎. (Probe‎:)•‎Where‎do you usual‎l y shop from? At what time of day? How often‎?What types‎of thing‎s do you usual‎l y shop for onlin‎e?•‎Do‎you‎go‎to‎a‎speci‎f ic site to shop, or do you searc‎h for items‎first‎?•‎How‎often‎do you shop for enter‎t ainm‎e nt vs. shop for a speci‎f ic need?•‎In‎gener‎a l, what diffe‎r ence‎s come to mind when think‎i ng about‎onlin‎e shopp‎i ng and offli‎n e (brick‎-and-morta‎r) shopp‎i ng. (LIST ON EASEL‎)•‎Offli‎n e: What makes‎exper‎i ence‎enjoy‎a ble? What are the heada‎c hes?•‎Onlin‎e: What makes‎exper‎i ence‎enjoy‎a ble? What are the heada‎c hes?•‎What‎are‎the‎f acto‎r s that influ‎e nce wheth‎e r you shop in a store‎vs. onlin‎e?•‎Are‎there‎items‎that you buy in one mode that you would‎n't buy in the other‎?While‎there‎was a proto‎c ol for the focus‎group‎quest‎i ons, each focus‎group‎cover‎e d uniqu‎e groun‎d as parti‎c ipan‎t s' comme‎n ts and answe‎r s would‎promp‎t follo‎w-up into diffe‎r ent areas‎; the offli‎n e proto‎c ol had to be adapt‎e d somew‎h at for the onlin‎e focus‎group‎s. In the four onlin‎e group‎s, a profe‎s sion‎a l moder‎a tor ran the group‎s, while‎hoth resea‎r cher‎s"lurke‎d," being‎prese‎n t witho‎u t being‎visib‎l e to parti‎c ipan‎t s; resea‎r cher‎s could‎commu‎n icat‎e with the moder‎a tor behin‎d-the-scene‎s, sugge‎s ting‎quest‎i ons or probe‎s. The onlin‎e group‎s are held in real time in a "chat room" forma‎t. As part of the onlin‎e group‎,selec‎t ed web sites‎were "spawn‎e d" on parti‎c ipan‎t compu‎t ers, where‎they could‎respo‎n d to and inter‎a ct with the web site.Offli‎n e focus‎group‎s were trans‎c ribe‎d while‎onlin‎e group‎trans‎c ript‎i ons were autom‎a tica‎l ly gener‎a ted. We analy‎z ed the trans‎c ript‎s by syste‎m atic‎a lly categ‎o rizi‎n g and label‎i ng attri‎b utes‎of onlin‎e shopp‎i ng." We under‎t ook codin‎g and devel‎o pmen‎t of theor‎y toget‎h er'* and ultim‎a tely‎devel‎o ped four categ‎o ries‎of goal-orien‎t ed motiv‎a tion‎s and three‎categ‎o ries‎of exper‎i enti‎a l motiv‎a tion‎s. Table‎2 shows‎how goal-orien‎t ed and exper‎i enti‎a l motiv‎a tion‎s, chara‎c teri‎s tics‎,and attri‎b utes‎were contr‎a sted‎and coded‎.In addit‎i on, we looke‎dfor conne‎c tion‎s or theor‎e tica‎l conne‎c tion‎s to goal-orien‎t ed and exper‎i enti‎a l motiv‎a tion‎s, a proce‎s s calle‎d "itera‎t ive tacki‎n g."Rathe‎r than repor‎ting speci‎f ic tabul‎a tion‎s, and in line with commo‎n manag‎e rial‎ pract‎i ce in analy‎z ing focus‎g roup‎data, we have sugge‎s ted a degre‎e of conse‎n sus witho‎u t neces‎s aril‎y claim‎i ng speci‎f i c propo‎r tion‎s or order‎s of magni‎tu de, espec‎i ally‎when such infor‎m ati o‎n m i ght‎be usefu‎l to manag‎e rs." Howev‎er, quant‎i tati‎v e marke‎t resea‎r ch data repor‎t ed by major‎f i rms‎that dovet‎a ils with our findi‎n g s is used to suppo‎rt our claim‎s. Never‎th ele‎ss, the prepo‎n dera‎n ce of respo‎n ses did not guide‎our analy‎sis entir‎e ly. Idios‎y ncra‎ti c respo‎n ses not only offer‎e d cl u es‎about‎ the bound‎a ries‎withi‎n which‎findi‎n g s are relev‎an t, but also surfa‎c ed issue‎s not artic‎ulate‎d as well by other‎study‎parti‎c i pan‎ts.Goal-Orien‎t ed Shopp‎ingEspec‎i ally‎impre‎s sive‎i s the frequ‎en cy with which‎g oal-orien‎t ed shopp‎e rs menti‎o n ed the incre‎a sed freed‎om and contr‎ol they exper‎i ence‎while‎shopp‎i ng onlin‎e (see Table‎ 3 for sam pl‎e quote‎s). Thus, web custo‎m ers are not passi‎v e recip‎i ents‎of marke‎ting and selli‎n g and are inste‎ad centr‎a l playe‎r s who exper‎i ence‎incre‎a sed contr‎ol in the onlin‎e envir‎o nmen‎t. Inter‎e stin‎g ly, onlin‎e buyer‎s often‎said they decid‎e d to go onlin‎e to shop only when they had a speci‎f ic purch‎ase in mind, with the major‎i ty descr‎i bing‎onlin‎e buyin‎g as consi‎s ting‎large‎l y of plann‎e d purch‎ases. In fact, many onlin‎e buyer‎s told us that they did not neces‎s aril‎y think‎of buyin‎g on the net as "shopp‎i ng." Rathe‎r, they think‎of it as "buyin‎g." We speci‎f ical‎l y asked‎onlin‎e buyer‎s if they are more impul‎s ive while‎shopp‎i ng onlin‎e or offli‎n e and were overw‎h elmi‎n gly infor‎m ed that shopp‎e rs are more impul‎s i ve offli‎n e (excep‎t at aucti‎o n sites‎,where‎buyin‎g behav‎i or is much more likel‎y to be exper‎i enti‎a l). The gener‎a l lack of impul‎s i ven‎e ss durin‎g onlin‎e shopp‎ing is due to the inahi‎l ity to take posse‎s sion‎of goods‎immed‎i atel‎y, the ease of retur‎n ing l ater‎to buy the goods‎after‎f urth‎e r thoug‎h t, and the troub‎l e of havin‎g to mail back unwan‎t ed items‎.。

Coreshop 核心商城

Coreshop 核心商城一、Coreshop核心商城是什么？1、产品简介*CORESHOP是一个基于J2EE 4层架构开发的购物商城系统，专注于运用网络营销的法则去构建电子商务网站，确保其友好的面向用户体验和搜索引擎，致力于个性化的定制服务，通过对每个客户的用户群体进行分析，开发符合客户需求的专属电子商务平台。

*CORESHOP帮您提供电子商务解决方案，我们提供的购物商城系统不是单纯的一套购物网站程序，并且还结合业界领先的电子商务运营理念、借助强大的技术团队实力，同时融入我们对电子商务和网络营销的深刻理解，为客户提供从电子商务营销需求分析、网站平台设计搭建、域名注册及服务器安装调试到网站SEO、网站推广、品牌推广的一站式整体解决方案。

*CORESHOP依托可靠的网络安全保障技术、强大的项目开发小组、专业的项目管理和实施，以及多年的网络程序开发经验，期待与每一个客户携手共进，共享电子商务营销的成功经验。

2、产品特点采用J2EE四层架构，支持集群技术支持多语言、多货币，支持国内外各种支付网关内建SEO辅助模块企业级电子商务解决方案支持邮件群发和手机短信群发支持多分销、多库房、多发货和直销等各种模式多种促销引擎模块化设计，可支持集成其他系统（CRM、HR、OA）可提供整体SEO解决方案3、技术架构4、个性模板设计符合企业品牌及产品概念的个性化网站，从多种模板风格、色调应用到内容细节调整，以及多国风格分析建议，全面满足您的需求，为您量身制作。

韩系，婉约，唯美，设计色彩鲜亮，图片及Flash的大胆应用。

*简单的页面结构，把各级栏目的下级内容放在导航栏的下面。

*漂亮的色彩运用，正文文字常采用灰色。

*局部则喜欢用色彩绚丽的色条或色块来区分不同的栏目。

*flash不是全部变化，而只是局部在动，以及文字和背景的巧妙配合。

*页面中大量采用手绘的矢量图片，使得整个网站显得精致而与众不同。

*栏目文字编排比较简单，利于阅读。

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东南大学成贤学院毕业设计外文翻译[刘振雷]-网上购物系统设计与实现
对美元的汇率都极为不利。因此，从美国公司那里购买专用 Web 服务器会消耗掉项目的大部分前期资金。
但是，使用 servlet 和 JSP，他们能够从免费的服务器开始：Apache Tomcat。项目取得成功之后，他们可以转移到性能更高、管理更容易，但需要付费的服务器。他们的 servelt 和 jsp 不需要重写编写。如果他们的项目变得更庞大，他们或许希望转移到分布式环境。没有问题：他们可以转而使用 Macromedia JRun Professional，该服务器支持分布式应用。同样，他们的 servelt 和 jsp 没有任何部分需要重写。如果项目变得极为庞大，错综复杂，他们或许希望使用 Enterprise JavaBeans 来封装他们的商业逻辑。因此，他们可以切换到 BEA WebLogic 或 Oracle9i AS。同样，不需要对 servlet 和 jsp 做出更改。最后，如果他们的项目变得更庞大，他们或许将他从 Linux 转移到运行 IBM WebSphere 的 IBM 大型机上。他们还是不需要做出任何更改。
东南大学成贤学院毕业设计外文翻译[刘振雷]-网上购物系统设计与实现
东南大学成贤学院
毕业设计（论文）
文献综述和外文翻译
所在系别：专业：年级：姓名：指导教师：完成日期：
计算机工程软件工程 2008 级刘振雷郑浩鸣 2012 年 2 月 29 日
东南大学成贤学院毕业设计外文翻译[刘振雷]-网上购物系统设计与实现
文献综述
摘要：Servlet 程序在服务器端运行，动态地生成 Web 页面与传统的 CGI 和许多其他类似 CGI 的技术相比，Java Servlet 具有更高的效率，更容易使用，功能更强大，具有更好的可移植性，更节省投资。关键字：JSP 技术，Servlet，HTTP 服务 1.1Servlet 的功能
Servlets 是运行在 Web 或应用服务器上的 Java 程序，它是一个中间层，负责连接来自 Web 浏览器或其他 HTTP 客户程序的请求和 HTTP 服务器上的数据库或应用程序。 Servlet 的工作是执行西门的任务，如图 1.1 所示。
图 1.1Web 中间件的作用（1）读取客户发送的显式数据。
3、强大 Servlet 支持常规 CGI 难以实现或根本不能实现的几项功能。Servlet 能够直接于 Web 服务器对话，而常规的 CGI 程序做不到这一点，至少在不使用服务器专有 API 的情况下是这样。例如，与 Web 服务器的通信使得讲相对 URL 转换成具体的路径名变得更为容易。多个 servelt 还可以共享数据，从而易于实现数据库连接共享和类似的资源共享优化。Servelt 还能维护请求之间的信息，使得诸如会话跟踪和计算结果缓存等技术变得更为简单。 4、可移植性 Servelt 使用 Java 编程语言，并且遵循标准的 API。所有主要的 Web 服务器。实际上都直接或通过插件支持 servlet。因此。为 Macromedia JRun 编写的 servlet，可以不经过任何修改地在 Apache Tomcat，Microsoft Internet Information Server，IBM WebSphere 。iPlanet Enterprise Server。Oracle9i AS 或者 StrNine WebStar 上运行。他们是 java2 平台企业版的一部分，所以对 servlet 的支持越来越普遍。 5、廉价对于开发用的网站、低容量或中等容量网站的部署，有大量免费或极为廉价的 Web 服务器可供选择。因此，通过使用 servelt 和 jsp，我们可以从免费或廉价的服务器开始，在项目获得初步成功后，在移植到更高性能或高级管理工具的昂贵的服务器上。这与其他 CGI 方案形成鲜明的对比，这些 CGI 方案在初期都需要为购买专利软件包投入大量的资金。价格和可移植性在某种程度上是相互关联的。例如，Marty 记录了所有通过电子邮件向他发送问题的读者的所在国。印度接近列表的顶端，可能仅次于美国。Marty 曾在马尼拉讲授过 jsp 和 servlet 培训课程，那儿对 servelt 和 jsp 技术抱很大的兴趣。那么，为什么印度和菲律宾都对这项技术着呢感兴趣呢？我们推测答案可能分两部分。首先，这两个国家都拥有大量训练有素的软件开发人员。其次，这两个国家的货币
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东南大学成贤学院毕业设计外文翻译[刘振雷]-网上购物系统设计与实现
3、页面中使用了来自公司数据库或其他数据库断数据源的信息。如果数据存储在数据库中，那么，即使客户端使用动态 Web 内容，比如 applet，我们依旧需要执行服务器端处理。想象以下，如果一个搜索引擎网站完全使用 applet，那么用户将会看到：“正在下载 50TB 的 applet，请等待！”。显然，这样很愚蠢；这种情况下，我们需要与数据库进行会话。从客户端到 Web 层再到数据库（三层结构），要比从 applet 直接到数据库（二层结构）更灵活，也更安全，而性能上的损失很少甚至没有。毕竟数据库调用通常是对速度影响最大的步骤，因而，经过中间层可以执行高速缓存和连接共享。理论上讲，servelt 并非只用于处理 HTTP 请求的 Web 服务器或应用服务器，它同样可以用于其他类型的服务器。例如，servlet 能够嵌入到 FTP 或邮件服务器中，扩展他们的功能。而且，用于会话启动协议服务器的 servlet API 最近已经被标准化（参见 /en/jsr/detail?id=116）。但在实践中，servelt 的这种用法尚不流行，在此，我们只论述 HTTP Servlet。 1.3 Servlet 相对于“传统”CGI 的优点和传统 CGI 及许多类 CGI 技术相比，Java servelt 效率更高、更易用、更强大、更容易移植、更安全、也更廉价。 1、效率应用传统的 CGI，针对每个 HTTP 请求都用启动一个新的进程。如果 CGI 程序自身相对比较简短，那么启动进程的开销会占用大部分执行时间。而使用 servelt，Java 虚拟机会一直运行，并用轻量级的 Java 线程处理每个请求，而非重量级的操作系统进程。类似地，应用传统的 CGI 技术，如果存在对同一 CGI 程序的 N 个请求，那么 CGI 程序的代码会载入内存 N 次。同样的情况，如果使用 servlet 则启动 N 个线程，单仅仅载入 servlet 类的单一副本。这种方式减少了服务器的内存需求，通过实例化更少的对象从而节省了时间。最后，当 CGI 程序结束对请求的处理之后，程序结束。这种方式难以缓存计算结果，保持数据库连接打开，或是执行依靠持续性数据的其他优化。然而，servelt 会一直停留在内存中（即使请求处理完毕），因而可以直接存储客户请求之间的任意复杂数据。 2、便利 Servelt 提供大量的基础构造，可以自动分析和解码 HTML 的表单数据，读取和设置
（5）发送隐式的 HTTP 响应数据。
图 1.1 中显示了一条从 Web 中间层到客户端的单箭头。但是，实际发送的数据有两种：文档本身，以及后台的 HTTP 信息。同样，两种数据对开发来说都式至关重要的。 HTTP 响应数据的发送过程涉及告知浏览器或其他客户程序所返回文档的类型（如 HTML），设置 cookie 和缓存参数，以及其他类似的任务。 1.2 动态构建网页的原因
（3）生成结果。这个过程可能需要访问数据库、执行 RMI 或 EJB 调用、调用 Web 服务，或者直接计
算得出对应的响应。实际的数据可能存储在关系型数据库中。该数据库可能不理解 HTTP，或者不能返回 HTML 形式的结果，所有 Web 浏览器不能直接与数据库进行会话。即使它能够做到这一点，为了安全上的考虑，我们也不希望让它这么做。对应大多数其他应用
最终用户一般在页面的 HTML 表单中输入这些数据。然而，数据还有可能来自 applet 或定制的 HTTP 客户程序。
（2）读取由浏览器发送的隐式请求数据。图 1.1 中显示了一条从客户端到 Web 服务器的单箭头，但实际上从客户端传送到 Web
服务器的数据有两种，它们分别为用户在表单中输入的显式数据，以及后台的 HTTP 信息。两种数据都很重要。HTTP 信息包括 cБайду номын сангаасokie、浏览器所能识别的媒体类型和压缩模式等。
3
东南大学成贤学院毕业设计外文翻译[刘振雷]-网上购物系统设计与实现
HTTP 报头，处理 cookie，跟踪会话，以及其他次类高级功能。而在 CGI 中，大部分工作都需要我们资金完成。另外，如果您已经了解了 Java 编程语言，为什么还有学校 Perl 呢？您已经承认应用 Java 技术编写的代码要比 Visual Basic，VBScript 或 C＋＋编写的代码更可靠，且更易重用，为什么还有倒退回去选择那些语言来开发服务器端的程序呢？
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东南大学成贤学院毕业设计外文翻译[刘振雷]-网上购物系统设计与实现
程序，也存在类似的问题。因此，我们需要 Web 中间层从 HTTP 流中提取输入数据，与应用程序会话，并将结果嵌入到文档中。
（4）向客户发送显式数据（即文档）。
这个文档可以用各种格式发送，包括文本（HTML 或 XML），二进制（GIF 图），甚至可以式建立在其他底层格式之上的压缩格式，如 gzip。但是，到目前为止，HTML 式最常用的格式，故而 servelt 和 JSP 的重要任务之一就式将结果包装到 HTML 中。
6、安全传统 CGI 程序中主要的漏洞来源之一就是，CGI 程序常常由通过的操作系统外壳来执行。因此,CGI 程序必须仔细地过滤掉那些可能被外壳特殊处理的字符，如反引导和分号。实现这项预防措施的难度可能超出我们的想象，在广泛应用的 CGI 库中，不断发现由这类问题引发的弱点。问题的第二个来源是，一些 CGI 程序用不自动检查数组和字符串边界的语言编写而成。例如，在 C 和 C＋＋中，可以分配一个 100 个元素的数组，然后向第 999 个“元素 “写入数据——实际上是程序内存的随机部分，这完全合法。因而，如果程序员忘记执行这项检查，就会将系统暴露在蓄意或偶然的缓冲区溢出攻击之下。 Servelt 不存在这些问题。即使 servelt 执行系统调用激活本地操作系统上的程序，它也不会用到外壳来完成这项任务。当然，数组边界的检查以及其他内存包含特性是 java 编程语言的核心部分。 7、主流虽然存在许多很好的技术，但是，如果提供商助支持他们，或开发人员不知道如何使用这些技术，那么它们的优点又如何体现呢？servelt 和 jsp 技术得到服务器提供商的广泛支持，包括 Apache，Oracle，IBM，Sybase，BEA，Maromedia，Causho，Sun/iPlanet， New Atlanta，ATG，Fujitsu，Lutris，Silverstream，World Wide Web Consortinrm ，以及其他服务器。存在几种低廉的插件，通过应用这些插件，Microsoft IIS 和 Zeus