2020年法律翻译常用词汇注释大全参照模板
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇律师部分:案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师counsel prohac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination（指终审裁定）裁决书award（用于仲裁）裁决书verdict（用于陪审团）采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看管所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人（仲裁）claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office托付代理合同authorized representation contract托付代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent托付授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范畴scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论时期stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回要求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、坚持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公布审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对阻碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence 法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim 反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公布审理trial in public公布审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation 公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties复原执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看管所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提早介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency一般程序general/ordinary procedure一般管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉时期stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实（质）体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim专门程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation托付辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal, finding of “ not guilty ”物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of “guilty”予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查时期investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent一般法common law专门法special law固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原则法fundamental law例外法exception law司法说明judicial interpretation适应法customary law公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system一般法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法差不多原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality自愿原则principle of free will公平原则principle of justice等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权益权益能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion要求权right of claim物上要求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权益personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活隐秘权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权益的爱护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权益本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住宅domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person专门合伙special partnership一般合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 托付代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权托付书power of attorney代理行为act of agency托付代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer一般代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理托付书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice有意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形缺失tangible damage/loss无形缺失intangible damage/loss财产缺失property damage/loss人身缺失personal damage/loss精神缺失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除阻碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 排除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property复原原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿缺失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss。
【合同资料】法律翻译常用词汇注释大全精品版
AAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
法律英语翻译常用词汇
Accord和解或和解协议，如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿等。
Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。
Actact作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
Action诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action 在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。
法律常用术语分类中英对照
法律常用术语【（一）、法令】rule 条例law 法律criminal law 刑法interpret 解释（法律）the legislature 立法机构the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】the judge 法官the lawyer律师（总称）the jury陪审团the juror陪审团成员the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人the injured party/victim 被害人witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师the accused/defendant 被告人the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】case 案件crime - criminal adj.a criminal case 刑事案件a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】guilt n. [Antonym] innocenceguilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crimeviolate a criminal lawmurder 谋杀罪first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of lawa hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimesstab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀mug v. =rob抢劫to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions【（四）、程序】【逮捕】arrestpick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car【调查】investigationconduct a criminal investigation intocriminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a court of lawcross-examination【诉讼】find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide that they are guilty/not guiltyto be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crimecharge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecutioncriminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accused by the police of committing a crimeclaim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.a civil court 民事法庭children’s court 少年法庭The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】supervise监督【作证】to testify v.作证to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony证词proofdefinite proofprovide the proofpresent the proofevidence 证据，证物to identify 鉴别flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可动摇的self-contradiction 自相矛盾alibi n. 不在场的证据someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty【庭审】question v.question/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】to defend sb 为…辩护to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n.【陪审团讨论】the jury陪审团a grand jury 大陪审团the juror陪审团成员the jury room 陪审室discuss - discussion讨论proposal 提议vote 投票abstain v. 弃权vote for/in favor of/againsttake a preliminary votee.g. I think i t’s customary to take a preliminary vote analyze 分析assume v. 假定ballot n. 无记名投票to argue with 争论agreement 一致意见disagreement 反对意见a reasonable doubtto hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimous decisiondeclare a hung juryreach a unanimous decisionbe deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪prove innocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/ not guilty(innocent)trial/ the jury trial审判a fair trialset free / acquitted 无罪释放admit v. agree that something is true 承认plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】reform school 感化院,jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】jail v. to put someone in jailto be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail termbe executedthe executionerto pull the switchto send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /to sentence sb. to be electrocuted电刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑get out of jail【其他】have the right to do 有权on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
非常实用的法律词汇(中英对照)
非常实用的法律词汇(中英对照)非常实用的法律词汇（中英对照）♦ 债转股debt-to-equity swap∙♦港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and theHK dollar∙♦坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectibleaccount/bad debt/ bad loan∙♦反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against...∙♦通货紧缩deflation∙♦通货膨胀inflation∙♦非配额产品quota-free products∙♦非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects∙♦风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment∙♦风险基金venture capital∙♦风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk∙♦搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises∙♦规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale∙♦国合企业(即国有合作社)state-owned cooperatives∙♦国际收支balance of international payments/ balance ofpayment∙♦国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment∙♦国家补贴public subsidies∙♦国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves∙♦合理引导消费guide rational consumption∙♦季节性调价seasonal price adjustments∙♦既成事实established/accomplished facts∙♦技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development∙♦劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises∙♦乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises∙♦千年问题、千年虫millennium bug∙♦企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises ∙♦企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses ∙♦实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to∙♦平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various ways and seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development∙♦瓶颈制约"bottleneck" restrictions∙♦市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA: Administrative Aspects of Market Access ∙♦亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC: APEC Business Advisory Council∙♦亚太商业论坛ABF: APEC Business Forum∙♦亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS: APEC Communications and Database System∙♦亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME: APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises∙♦亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank∙♦亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM: APEC Economic Leaders Meeting ∙♦东盟自由贸易区AFTA: ASEAN Free Trade Area∙♦亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM: APEC MinisteriaI Meeting∙♦澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA: Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement∙♦亚太商业网络APB-Net: Asia-Pacific Business Network∙♦亚太经济合作组织APEC: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation∙♦亚太能源研究中心APERC: Asia Pacific Energy Research Center ∙♦亚太信息基础设施APII: Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure∙♦亚太实验室认可合作APLAC: Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation∙♦亚太法定计量论坛APLMF: Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum∙♦亚太计量程序APMP: Asia Pacific Metrology Program∙♦东南亚国家联盟ASEAN: Association of South-East Asian Nations ∙♦亚欧会议ASEM: Asia-Europe Meeting∙♦农业技术合作ATC: Agricultural Technical Cooperation∙♦民事civil∙♦民事civil affairs;affairs relating to civil law∙♦民事上的占有civil possesion∙♦民事上的没收civil forfeiture∙♦民事上诉civil appeal∙♦民事主体civil subject∙♦民事法律关系civil legal relationship∙♦民事活动activity relating to civil law∙♦民事纠纷civil dispute∙♦民事客体civil object∙♦民事原告civil plaintiff∙♦民事被告civil defendant∙♦民事指控civil charge∙♦民事案件civil case∙♦民事过失civil negligence∙♦民事责任事故accident involving civil liability∙♦民事补偿civil remedy∙♦民事诉讼civil action∙♦民事损害civil injury∙♦民事债务civil debt∙♦民事管辖civil jurisdiction∙♦民事制裁civil sanction∙♦民事审判civil trial∙♦民事调解civil mediation∙♦民事罚款civil penalty∙♦民事权利争议dispute concerning private rights∙♦民事权利剥夺deprived of private rights∙♦民事权利请求civil claim∙♦民事权利变更alternation of private right∙♦民政civil administraion∙♦民事权利与责任civil right and liability∙♦民事权利civil right∙♦人身权利jura personarum; rights of the person ∙♦人格权right of personality∙♦上诉权right of appeal∙♦不受时效限制权imprescriptible right∙♦立遗嘱权right to make a will∙♦合法权利legal right∙♦共有权communal tenure∙♦求偿权recoupment; recourse∙♦居住权right of habitation∙♦使用权right of use∙♦委任权power of pocuration∙♦财产权proprietatis; property right∙♦财产让与权benefit of cession∙♦起诉权right of action∙♦采光权right of ancient lights∙♦专用权sole right of use∙♦专有权exclusive power∙♦专利申请权clailm of patent application ∙♦控告权right of complaint∙♦答辩权right of reply∙♦解释权right to interpret∙♦经济权利economic right∙♦债的请求权debt claim∙♦监护权guardianship∙♦选择权right of choice∙♦转卖权right of resale∙♦（当事方为进行仲裁或接受国际法院的管辖权而签订的）协定compromis: a special agreement between States to submit a particular issue either to an arbitral tribunal or to the International Court of Justice∙♦事实上de facto: existing as a matter of fact rather than ofright∙♦法律上de jure: as a matter of legal right∙♦根据公允及善意的原则ex aeque et bono: as a result of fair dealing and good conscience∙♦出于善意的ex gratia: done as a matter of favour (An ex gratiapayment is one not required to be made by a legalduty.)∙♦依职权而自然获得ex officio: by virtue of holding an office∙♦事后的；溯及既往的e x post facto: by a subsequent act (describing anylegal act, such as a statute, which hasretrospective effect)∙♦主动的，自愿的ex proprio motu(ex mero motu): of his own motion ∙♦不可抗力force majueure(法语): irresistible compulsion orcoercion∙♦强制法jus cogens(ius congens): coercive law; a rule orprinciple in international law that is so fundamentalthat it bins all states and does not allow anyexceptions∙♦万民法，万国法，国际法jus gentium: the law of people; international law∙♦法无明文不处罚nulla poena sine lege: no penalty(punishment)without a law∙♦法无明文不为罪nullum crimen sine lege: no crime without a law∙♦条约必须遵守原则pact sunt servand: a pact is not to be surrendered(agreements are to be kept)∙♦自身，本身；本质上p er se∙♦不受欢迎的人（personna grata受personna non-grata欢迎的人）∙♦初步的，表面上的prima facie: at first appearance; on the face ofthings∙♦情势变迁原则rebus sic standibus: change of circumstances∙♦无主物res nullius: an asset susceptible of acquisition butpresently under the ownership or sovereignty ofno legal person∙♦未确定时日的sine die: without a date∙♦越权行为（与intraultra vires(act)vires相对）∙♦占领地保有原则uti possidetis❖Lesson Six∙♦民事责任civil liability∙♦不履行法律责任omission∙♦共同连带责任joint and separate responsibility∙♦完全责任full liability∙♦侵权责任liability for tort∙♦连带责任joint liability∙♦财产责任property liability∙♦过失责任fault liability∙♦替代责任vicarious liability∙♦无限责任unlimited liability∙♦单独责任solitary liability∙♦道德责任moral obligation∙♦监护责任liability of guardian∙♦严格责任赔偿strict liability。
法律英语翻译(一)
法律英语翻译：法律翻译常用词汇注释（D-K）翻译法律文件时，有些专用词不知道怎么翻，或者不确定最准确、最专业的译法是什么，确实让人苦恼。
这里有法律翻译中常见词的中文注释，按字母排序，方便查找。
DDamagesdamages在法律英语中表示损害赔偿金，要注意用的是复数形式，如果用单数，则表示损害。
如incidental damages 附带损害consequential damages 间接损害claim damages for the breach of contract．因违约要损害赔偿金等。
Debenturedebenture的意思是债券，通常指的是无担保债券。
如bank debenture 金融债券bearer debenture 不记名债券coupon bank debenture 附息票金融债券customs debenture 海关退税凭单等。
Declarationdeclaration在法律英语中常用作申报，如customs declaration报关，export declaration出口申报，income tax declaration个税申报等。
Decree法庭判令。
法庭聆讯后所作出的判令，可以分成暂时性判令“decree nisi” 和永久性判令“decree absolute”，常见于离婚呈请的程序。
一般而言，法庭颁出decree nisi后，在指定的期限过后，除非收到反对，否则都会颁出永久判令。
Deed契约。
是一种特别的合约，须要经过当事人签署、盖章并送交对方才算有效，契约上的盖章在法律上被视为一种有效的约因。
Defamation诽谤。
非法破坏他人名誉的行为，口头的毁谤和以书面的永久形式诽谤都可以构成民事索偿的理据或者刑事罪行。
Defence抗辩。
刑事或民事案件中的被告，否认有关的指控或申索，同时提出反对的支持事实。
Delegatedelegate在法律英语中的意思是转让，通常指义务的转让，如：In accordance with the Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter “China”), the consent of the creditors shall be obtained for the delegation of obligations to become effective.根据中华人民共和国（以下称“中国”）法律，义务的转让须取得债权人的同意方可生效。
法律翻译常用词汇注释大全
AAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
法律翻译常用词汇注释大全
AAb initio从开场形容由开场时的状态例如合约从开场便已经无效称为“The contract was void ab initio〞。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合一致在法律英语中那么表示和解或和解协议指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以归还局部债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如rea an accord达成和解协议accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent〔辩人〕。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得获取而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对的购置收买我们通常所说的MA即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后被告罪名不成立被释放称为“The accused is acquitted〞。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动行为在法律英语中通常理解为作为与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the remendation of the mission, direct the mission to act or forbear from。
Actionact在普通英语中的含义是行动在法律英语中那么理解为诉讼相当于suit或lawsuit如initiate an action 提起诉讼win an action在诉讼中获胜defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
法律英语：法律翻译常用词汇注释（A-Z）
A Ab initio Ab initio是拉丁⽂，其意思是“⾃开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“⾃始”。
在法律英语中，ab initio的使⽤频率较⾼，⽐较常见。
如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio（⾃始⽆效）等。
Accord accord在普通英语中的含义是符合，⼀致，在法律英语中则表⽰和解或和解协议，指指债务⼈和⼀个债权⼈达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused 被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；⽽申索案件中的被索偿的⼀⽅称为Respondent（答辩⼈）。
Acquire acquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，⽽且通常指通过后天的努⼒获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者⼀年内并购中国境内关联⾏业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal 罪名不成⽴。
刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成⽴被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”⼀⽂。
Act act在普通英语中的含义是⾏动，⾏为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇引言随着全球化的加速发展，法律翻译成为越来越重要的领域，特别是涉及跨国交易和法律纠纷解决。
在进行法律翻译时，熟悉和正确使用常用的法律英语专业词汇是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些常见的法律英语翻译词汇，以帮助读者在法律翻译工作中胜任。
常见法律英语词汇1. 法律文件名称•Complnt（诉状）•Writ（文书）•Summons（传票）•Affidavit（宣誓书）•Indictment（起诉书）•Subpoena（传唤令）•Pleading（辩词）•Judgment（判决书）•Decree（裁定书）2. 法律程序•Trial（审判）•Hearing（听证会）•Arrgnment（提讯）•Bl（保释）•Plea（答辩）•Evidence（证据）•Witnesses（证人）•Cross-examination（盘问）•Verdict（裁决）3.法律机构名称•Court（法庭）•Judge（法官）•Attorney（律师）•Prosecutor（检察官）•Plntiff（原告）•Defendant（被告）•Jury（陪审团）•Bliff（法警）4. 合同和协议•Contract（合同）•Agreement（协议）•Terms and Conditions（条款和条件）•Breach（违约）•Consideration（对价）•Indemnification（赔偿）•Confidentiality（保密）•Force Majeure（不可抗力）5. 知识产权•Intellectual Property（知识产权）•Patent（专利）•Trademark（商标）•Copyright（版权）•Infringement（侵权）•Royalty（版税）6. 公司法•Corporation（公司）•Shareholder（股东）•Board of Directors（董事会）•Articles of Incorporation（公司章程）•Shareholder Meeting（股东会议）•Merger（合并）7. 证明和认证•Notarization（公证）•Certification（认证）•Authentication（认证）8. 跨国交易•International Trade（国际贸易）•Import（进口）•Export（出口）•Customs（海关）•Tariff（关税）•Free Trade Agreement（自由贸易协定）9. 诉讼程序•Statute of Limitations（诉讼时效）•Discovery（证据交换）•Motion（动议）•Appeal（上诉）•Pretrial Conference（庭前会议）•Statutory Law（法令）•Case Law（判例法）10. 人权•Human Rights（人权）•Civil Liberties（公民权利）•Freedom of Speech（言论自由）•Right to Privacy（隐私权）•Due Process（正当程序）•Equality（平等）结论在法律翻译中，准确理解和恰当使用常见的法律英语专业词汇是至关重要的。
法律翻译中常见词中文注释
法律翻译中常见词中文注释，按字母排序。
点击字母首字，进行相应词汇查询A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZAAb initioAb initio是拉丁文，其意思是“自开始之时”或“从头开始”，可以直接翻译为“自始”。
在法律英语中，ab initio的使用频率较高，比较常见。
如：ab initio mundi（有史以来），void ad initio （自始无效）等。
详细Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
常用法律词语--附英文解释
下面的常用法律英语词语（按照字母顺序）来自于纽约市民事法庭官网，对于法律英语学习者很有帮助，阅读其原本的英文解释可以帮助我们很好的理解其含义。
Aaction: a civil judicial proceeding whereby one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or prevention of a wrong; requires service of process on adversary party or potentially adversary partyadjournment: a temporary postponement of the proceedings of a case until a specified future timeadjudicate: to hear or try and determine judiciallyadversary: an opponent. The defendant is the plaintiff's adversaryadult: a person over 18 years oldaffiant: one who swears to an affidavit; deponentaffidavit: a sworn or affirmed statement made in writing and signed; if sworn, it is notarized affirmed: upheld, agreed with (e.g.,The Appellate Court affirmed the judgment of the Civil Court) allegation: the assertion, declaration, or statement of a party to an action, made in a pleading, setting out what the party expects to proveallege: to assert a fact in a pleadingallocution: a formal address by a trial judge to the parties on the record to find out if they understand the terms of a stipulation of settlementamend: to changeanswer: a paper filed in court and sent to the plaintiff by the defendant, admitting or denying the statements in the plaintiff's complaint, and briefly stating why the plaintiff's claims are incorrect and why the defendant is not responsible for the plaintiff's injury or lossappeal: in an appeal, either plaintiff or defendant (or sometimes both) asks a higher reviewing court to consider a lower court judge's decision. One may only appeal a judge's ruling, not an arbitrator's ruling.appeal as of right: the ability to bring an appeal of an order or a judgment without seeking permission of the courtappear/ appearance: the participation in the proceedings by a party summoned in an action, either in person or through an attorneyappellant: the party who takes an appeal to a higher courtappellee: the party against whom an appeal is takenarbitration: a process in which an impartial attorney trained in arbitration or a retired judge decides a dispute instead of the court; if the parties consent to arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is final; otherwise, a dissatisfied party may request a trial before the court arbitrator: a disinterested person trained in arbitration who hears evidence concerning the dispute and makes an award based on the evidenceargument: a reason given in proof or rebuttalattachment: the taking of property into legal custody by an enforcement officerBbill of particulars: factual detail submitted by a claimant after a request by the adverse party which details, clarifies or explains further the charges and/or facts alleged in a pleadingbrief: a written or printed document prepared by the lawyers on each side of a dispute andsubmitted to the court in support of their arguments - a brief includes the points of law which the lawyer wished to establish, the arguments the lawyer uses, and the legal authorities on which the lawyer rests his/her conclusionsCcalendar: a schedule of matters to be heard in courtcalendar call: the calling of matters requiring parties, or their attorneys, to appear and be heard. There is usually one at the beginning of each court day. Other calendar calls take place throughout the day.caption: in a pleading, deposition or other paper connected with a case in court, it is the heading or introductory clause which shows the names of the parties, name of the court, number of the case on the docket or calendar, etc.cause of action: grounds on which a legal action may be brought (e.g., property damage, personal injury, goods sold and delivered, work labor and services)certified copy: a document which contains a seal that establishes the document as genuine, as a true copy, so that it may be used as evidence at a trial or a hearing. A document may be certified by an official record keeper, a clerk of the court, or any other authorized person, for example, an attorney.certified statement: a statement which has been sworn to before a Notary Public or Commissioner of Deeds as a true statementchange of venue: the removal of a suit begun in one county to another county for trial, though the term may also apply to the removal of a suit from one court to another court of the same countycharge to jury: an address delivered by the court to the jury at the close of the trial instructing the jury as to what principles of law they are to apply in reaching a decisionchattel: article of personal propertycivil contempt: a failure to comply with a court order. Civil contempt is committed when a person violates an order of the court which specifically requires that the person do or refrain from doing an act. Punishment for civil contempt may be a fine or imprisonment, and the goal of the punishment is to have the person comply with the original order of the court.Clerk’s Return On Appeal: a form filled out by the Civil Court Appeals Clerk certifying that the record on appeal is complete and ready to be transmitted to the Appellate Termcomplaint: a paper filed in court and delivered to the party(ies) being sued, stating the plaintiff's claims against the defendantcosts: the statutory sum awarded to the successful party when a judgment is entered (Section 1901 all Court Acts)counterclaim: a legal claim by the defendant against the plaintiffcourt record: a documentary account of what happened in the action or proceeding, which includes the court file, exhibits and transcriptscourt reporter: a person who transcribes by shorthand or stenographically takes down testimony during court proceedingsCPLR: the abbreviation for the Civil Practice Law and Rules, which is the New York state statute that sets forth the rules of civil procedure governing how a lawsuit is conducted in the courts of this statecross-appeal: an appeal by one who has received a notice of appeal from their opposing party crossclaim: claim litigated by co-defendants or co-plaintiffs against each other and not against a party on the opposite side of the litigationcross-examination: questioning by a party or his attorney of an adverse party or a witness called by an adverse partyDdecision: the determination reached by a court in any judicial proceeding, which is the basis of the judgmentdefault: a "default" occurs when a party fails to plead or otherwise defend within the time allowed, or fails to appear at a court appearancedefault judgment: a judgment against a defendant as a result of his/her failure to appear or submit papers at an appointed time during a legal proceedingdefendant: the one being sued. This party is called the "respondent" in a summary proceeding defenses, legal or equitable: a stated reason why the plaintiff has no valid case against the defendantdeliberation: the process by which a panel of jurors comes to a decision on a verdictde novo: from the beginning, a new trialdeposition: sworn testimony of a witness.direct examination: the first interrogation of a witness by the party on whose behalf the witness is calleddirected verdict: an instruction by the judge to the jury to return a specific verdict disbursements: out of pocket expenses awarded to the winner in a judgmentdiscovery: the efforts of a party to a lawsuit to get information about the other party's contentions before trial. The range of information which each party must exchange in discovery is broad, because all parties should go to trial with as much information and knowledge about the lawsuit as possible. During discovery a party may: (1) demand that the other party produce documents or other physical evidence, (2) request written interrogatories, which are questions and answers written under oath, and (3) take depositions, which involve an in-person session at which one party has the opportunity to ask oral questions of the other party or his or her witnesses.dismissal: termination of a proceeding for a procedurally prescribed reasondismissal with prejudice: action dismissed on the merits which prevents renewal of the same claim or cause of actiondismissal without prejudice: action dismissed, not on the merits, which may be re-instituted disposition: the result of a judicial proceeding by withdrawal, settlement, order, judgment or sentenceEentry of judgment: in order to start e nforcing a judgment, the judgment must be “entered.” Entry occurs after the clerk of the court signs and files the judgment.eviction proceeding: any proceeding which could result in the eviction of a respondent, such as a holdover or nonpayment proceedingevidence: a form of proof or probative matter legally presented at the trial of an issue by the actsof the parties and through witnesses, records, documents, concrete objects, etc., for the purpose of inducing belief in the minds of the court or the juryexamination before trial: a formal interrogation of parties and witnesses before trial execution: (1) the performance of all acts necessary to render a written instrument complete, such as signing, sealing, acknowledging, and delivering the instruments (2) supplementary proceedings to enforce a judgment, which, if monetary, involves a direction to the sheriff to take the necessary steps to collect the judgmentexhibit: a paper, document or other article produced and exhibited to a court during a trial or hearing and, on being accepted, is marked for identification or admitted in evidenceex parte: a proceeding, order, motion, application, request, submission etc., made by or granted for the benefit of one party only; done for, in behalf of, or on application of one party onlyFGgarnish/ garnishment: to attach (seize) a portion of the wages or other property of a debtor to repay the debt. The garnishing party notifies a third party, such as a bank or an employer, to retain something it has belonging to the defendant-debtor, to make disclosure to the court concerning it, and to dispose of it as the court shall direct.guardian ad litem: a person appointed by the court to represent a minor or an adult, not able to handle his or her own affairs, during a legal proceeding. The person appointed does not need to be a lawyer. The guardian ad litem is the guardian just for the purpose of the particular lawsuit. The person acting as the guardian ad litem has the responsibility to pursue the lawsuit and to account for any money recovery.HIincome execution: the legal process of enforcing a judgment. To enforce the judgment, the judgment creditor may seek an order from the court to have the appropriate authority seize property of the judgment debtor in order to satisfy the judgment. In the case of an income execution, or a "garnishment," the court might order a portion of the judgment debtor's wages or other property held in an amount to satisfy the judgment. This might be done over time in increments.index number: a number issued by the county clerk, which is used to identify a case - in civil court there is a charge of $45.00infant's compromise: a civil proceeding or motion for obtaining court approval of the settlement of an infant's claiminformation subpoena: a legal document that requires a person, a corporation, some other business, or the judgment debtor him or herself to answer certain questions about where the judgment debtor’s assets can be foundinquest: a non-jury trial for the purpose of determining the amount of damages due on a claim, if a party has not appeared or defended against the claim, and after the merits of the claim have been proveninterpreter: a person sworn at a judicial proceeding to translate oral or written language interrogatories: written questions propounded by one party and served on an adversary, who must provide written answers thereto under oathJjudgment: the final decision of the judge. It is a determination of the rights and obligations of the parties. In a given lawsuit, a judgment may direct a dismissal of the lawsuit, order payment of a money amount or a direct one or more of the parties to do an act.judicial hearing officer (JHO): a person who formerly served as a judge or justice of a court of record of the Unified Court Systemjurisdiction: the court's authority to hear and decide a case. It is based upon the geographical, subject matter and monetary limitations of a court. To hear and decide a case a court must have both "personal jurisdiction" and "subject matter" jurisdiction. Personal jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the parties involved in the lawsuit. Subject matter jurisdiction refers to the court's power over the type or category of the lawsuit.jury demand: a request for a trial by jury by either party. There are specific procedures for making a jury demand, which include filing a written demand with the clerk and paying a fee. The procedural rules place time restrictions on when a jury demand must be made.jury instructions: directions given by the judge to the juryKLlegal advice: involves applying or interpreting the law to your individual problems and recommending the best way for you to handle your case. Only an attorney, who is not a court employee, can provide legal advice. Court staff can’t offer legal advice to anyone. The court's role is to be neutral, without favor to any party. Court employees may only provide legal and procedural information. Legal and procedural information involves providing general information and does not include telling you how to best deal with your legal issues.lessee: a person who has signed a lease to rent real propertylevy: a seizure; the obtaining of money by legal process through seizure and sale of property liability:an obligation to do, to eventually do, or to refrain from doing something; money owed; or according to law one's responsibility for his/her conduct; or one's responsibility for causing an injurylien: a claim on specific property for payment of a debtlitigant: party to a legal actionMmarshal: an officer of the United States, whose duty it is to execute the process of the courts of the United States. His duties are very similar to those of a sheriff.marshal’s notice: a notice from a Marshal informing the recipient that they will be evicted after a certain time periodmediation: a free, voluntary and confidential service that helps people who have a dispute to reach their own settlement. Instead of asking a judge to make a decision in court, the people meet with a trained mediator who helps them make their own decision on how to settle the dispute. If a settlement is reached, it is then put in writing and signed. This written settlement then becomes a legal contract. If the people in the dispute are not able to reach an agreementthat is acceptable to everyone involved, they are then free to ask a judge to hear there case and make a decision in court.minor: a child under 18 years oldminutes: notes of what happened in the courtroommistrial: a trial which has been terminated and declared void prior to the reaching of verdict due to extraordinary circumstance, serious prejudicial misconduct or hung jury - it does not result in a judgment for any party but merely indicates a failure of trialmitigation: to make less severemotion: a request to the court, usually in writing, for relief before the trial on the parties' claims, or for different or additional relief after the trial decisionmotion to reargue or renew: an application which seeks to persuade a judge that the decision/order rendered is incorrect, because the judge has misapprehended the facts or the applicable law, or because new evidence has become available which would change the prior decision and there is a good reason why the evidence was not presented earliermoving party: the party who is making an application to the court for reliefNnonpayment proceeding: a court case started by the landlord to collect unpaid rent and to evict the tenant if the tenant cannot pay the rent that is owednotarize: to have a notary public attest to the authenticity of a signature on a document by signing the document and affixing his/her own stampnotary public: a person authorized by the State of New York to administer oaths, certify documents and attest to the authenticity of signaturesnotice of appeal: a notice to the opposing party that an appeal of the court proceedings will be taken. The notice must be served and filed within 30 days of service of the order or judgment appealed from with written notice of entry.notice of claim: a paper required to be sent to the city or a public authority when a person claims a city agency, official, or employee of a public authority caused the person damage. The notice of claim informs the city or public authority of the nature of the claim within a short time after it occurs. A notice of claim must be timely sent to the city or public authority prior to filing a lawsuit.notice of entry: a notice with an affidavit of service stating that the attached copy of an entered order or judgment has been served by a party on another partynotice of motion: a notice informing the court and your opposition when and where your motion will be heard, which lists the relief requested, the grounds for that relief, and provides a list of the supporting papers upon which the motion is basednotice of petition: a petitioner's written notice delivered to the respondents of when the court will hear the attached petitionnunc pro tunc: (now for then) presently considered as if occurring at an earlier date; effective retroactivelyOobjection: a formal protest made by a party over testimony or evidence that the other side tries to introduceorder: an oral or written command or a direction from a judgeorder to show cause: a written direction by the court, usually prepared and presented to the court by a party, that the court is shortening the required advance notice of a motion to the other parties. Sometimes the order to show cause contains a direction to the parties that they stop some specific activity until the court hears the motion.Pparty: person having a direct interest in a legal matter, transaction or proceedingperemptory challenge: the challenge which may be used to reject a certain number of prospective jurors without assigning any reasonperfect appeal: to take all legal steps necessary to complete the process of appealing an order or judgment. These steps may include ordering and securing a transcript, drawing up a record, writing, serving, and filing a brief, getting the case onto the appellate court’s calendar for argument, and finally, arguing and submitting the case.Personal Appearance Part: a Part in the Civil Court where cases are heard if one or both sides are self-represented litigants. The Judges presiding in this Part oversee all conferences, discovery and in some boroughs all motion practice and even the trial.petition: in special or summary proceedings, a paper like a complaint filed in court and delivered to the respondents, stating what the petitioner requests from the court and the respondents petitioner: in a special or summary proceeding, one who commences a formal written application, requesting some action or relief, addressed to a court for determination. Also known as a plaintiff in a civil action.plaintiff: the one suing. This party is called the "petitioner" in a summary proceeding pleadings: complaint or petition, answer, and replypoor person's relief: when a party to a lawsuit cannot afford the costs of a lawsuit, the Court may permit that party to proceed without being required to pay for court costspossession: the right to occupy a premisesproceeding: a type of lawsuit. In Housing Court a nonpayment proceeding seeks past-due rent; a holdover proceeding seeks possession of the premises.pro se: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in courtproof of service: an affidavit filled out by the person who served legal papers on behalf of a party, or by a party if so permitted by the CourtQRrecord: a permanent written account of some act, court proceeding or transaction that is drawn up by a proper officer and designated to remain as permanent evidence of what has been done in a lawsuitreferee: a person to whom the court refers a pending case to take testimony, hear the parties, and report back to the court. A referee is an officer with judicial powers who serves as an arm of the court.relevant: logically connected and tending to prove or disprove a matter at issuereplevin: an action brought for the owner of items to recover possession of those items when those items were wrongfully taken or are being wrongfully keptreply: a plaintiff's response to a defendant's answer when the answer contains a counterclaim requisition: a request to obtain something, such as court records, subpoenaed documents or copies of trial tapesrespondent: one who formally answers the allegations stated in a petition which has been filed with the court. Also known as a defendant in a civil action.restore/ reinstate to calendar: to reinstate the action to active inventorySseizure: the process by which a person authorized under the law to do so takes into custody the property, real property or personal property, of a person against whom a judgment has been issued or might be issued. The seized property may be held to guarantee a judgment or be sold to satisfy a judgment.self-represented litigant: a party who does not retain a lawyer and appears for him/herself in court. Also known as a Pro Se litigant.service of process: the delivery of copies of legal documents to the defendant or other person to whom the documents are directed. Legal documents which must be served include a summons, complaint, petition, order to show cause, subpoena, notice to quit the premises and certain other documents. The procedure for service of process is specifically set out in statutes.settle the minutes: the process by which the transcript of the proceeding is finalizedsheriff: the executive officer of local court in some areas. In other jurisdictions the sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer of a county.standing: the right to make a legal claim, or to seek judicial enforcement of a duty or a right statement in lieu of record on appeal: a statement prepared by parties to an appeal indicating the question for appellate review, and providing a limited record necessary only to decide the questionstay: the postponement or halting of a proceeding, action, or the enforcement of an order or judgmentstipulation of settlement: a formal agreement between litigants and/or their attorneys resolving their disputesubpoena: a court document used to compel a witness to testify at the hearing or to produce recordssum certain: liquidated damages pursuant to contract, promissory note, law, etc.summary judgment: a determination in an action on the grounds that there is no genuine issue of factsummons: a plaintiff's written notice, in a specific form, delivered to the parties being sued, that they must answer the plaintiff's attached complaint within a specific timeTtestimony: an oral declaration made by a witness or party under oathtranscript: the written, word-for-word record of all legal proceedings, including testimony at trial, hearings or depositions. A copy of the transcript may be ordered from the court reporter and a fee must be paid for the transcript.trial: the formal examination of a legal controversy in court so as to determine the issuetrial de novo: a new trial (see: 22NYCRR 28.12)turnover proceeding: a hearing after a judgment has been issued, in which a creditor seeks to establish through evidence that the debtor (or a third party who is in possession of the debtor's property) is in possession of money or property that would satisfy, or partially satisfy, thejudgmentUunbundled legal services: a practice in which the lawyer and client agree that the lawyer will provide some, but not all, of the work involved in traditional full service representation. Simply put, the lawyers perform only the agreed upon tasks, rather than the whole “bundle,” and the clients perform the remaining tasks on their own.undertaking: deposit of a sum of money or filing of a bond in courtuse and occupancy: Payment by an occupant to the landlord for the right to use and occupy a premises. The occupant is not a tenant, or once may have been a tenant, but the landlord/tenant relationship has since been terminated.Vvacate: to cancel or invalidatevenue: the place within the court's jurisdiction where a lawsuit will be decided. For example, venue in a Civil Court action may be placed in Manhattan, Queens, Staten Island, Bronx or Brooklyn.verdict: the determination of a jury on the factsverification: confirmation of the correctness, truth or authenticity of pleading, account or other paper by an affidavit or oathvoir dire: a questioning of prospective jurors by the attorneys, and, on application of any party, by the judge, to see if any of them should be disqualified or removed by challenge or examinationWwaste: permanent harm to real propertywitness: one who testifies to what he/she has seen, heard, or otherwise observedX, Y, ZFrom：New York City Civil Court (纽约市民事法庭）。
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇
法律英语翻译常用专业词汇律师部分:案件受理费court acceptance fee案情重大、复杂important and complicated case案由cause of action案子case包揽诉讼monopolize lawsuits被告defendant(用于民事、行政案件); the accused (用于刑事案件)被上诉人appellee被诉人respondent; defendant本案律师counsel prohac vice本地律师local counsel毕业证diploma; graduation certificate辩护词defense; pleadings辩护律师defense lawyer辩护要点point of defense辩护意见submission财产租赁property tenancy裁定书order; ruling; determination〔指终审裁定〕裁决书award〔用于仲裁〕裁决书verdict〔用于陪审团〕采信的证据admitted evidence; established evidence草拟股权转让协议drafting agreement of assignment of equity interests 查阅法条source legal provisions产权转让conveyancing出差go on errand; go on a business trip出国深造further study abroad出具律师意见书providing legal opinion出示的证据exhibit出庭appear in court传票summons; subpoena答辩状answer; reply代理词representation代理房地产买卖与转让agency for sale and transfer of real estate代理公证、商标、专利、版权、房地产、工商登记agency for notarization, trademark, patent, copyright, and registration of real estate and incorporations代理仲裁agency for arbitration代写文书drafting of legal instruments待决案件pending case当事人陈述statement of the parties第三人third party吊销执业证revocation of lawyer license调查笔录investigative record调查取证investigation and gathering for evidence调解mediation调解书mediation二审案件case of trial of second instance发送电子邮件send e-mail法律顾问legal consultants法律意见书legal opinions法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal counseling法庭division; tribunal法学博士学位LL.D (Doctor of Laws)法学会law society法学课程legal courses法学硕士学位LL.M (Master of Laws)法学系faculty of law; department of law法学学士学位LL.B (Bachelor of Laws)J.D ( juris doctor缩写，美国法学学士)法学院law school法院公告court announcement反诉状counterclaim房地产律师real estate lawyer; real property lawyer 非合伙律师associate lawyer非诉讼业务non-litigation practice高级合伙人senior partner高级律师senior lawyer各类协议和合同agreements and contracts公安局Public Security Bureau公司上市company listing公诉案件public-prosecuting case公证书notarial certificate国办律师事务所state-run law office国际贸易international trade国际诉讼international litigation国内诉讼domestic litigation合伙律师partner lawyer合伙制律师事务所law office in partner-ship; cooperating law ofice 合同审查、草拟、修改contract review, drafting and revision会见当事人interview a client会见犯罪嫌疑人interview a criminal suspect兼职律师part-time lawyer监狱prison; jail鉴定结论expert conclusion缴纳会费membership dues举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision勘验笔录record of request看管所detention house抗诉书protest控告人accuser; complainant跨国诉讼transnational litigation劳动争议labor disputes劳动争议仲裁委员会arbitration committee for labor disputes 劳改场reform-through-labor farm; prison farm利害关系人interested party; party in interest律管处处长director of lawyer control department律师lawyer attorney; attorney at law律师惩戒lawyer discipline律师法Lawyer Law律师费lawyer fee律师函lawyer’s letter律师见证lawyer attestation/authentication律师见证书lawyer certification/authentication/witness律师卷宗lawyer’s docile; file律师刊物lawyer’s journal律师联系contact phone number of a lawyer律师事务所law office; law firm律师收费billing by lawyer律师网站lawyer website律师协会National Bar (Lawyer) Association律师协会会员member of Lawyer Association律师协会秘书长secretary general of Bar (Lawyer) Association 律师协会章程Articles of Lawyer Assocition律师业务室lawyer’s office律师执业证lawyer license律师助理assistant lawyer律师资格考试bar exam; lawyer qualification exam律师资格证lawyer qualification certificate民事案件civil case民事调解civil mediation民事诉讼civil litigation派出所local police station; police substation判决judgement(用于民事、行政案件);determination(用于终审);sentence(用于刑事案);verdict(由陪审团作出)旁证circumstantial evidence企业章程articles of association; articles of incorporation; bylaw 企业重组corporate restructure起诉状information; indictment取消律师资格disbar全国律师代表大会National Lawyer Congress缺席宣判pronounce judgement or determination by default人民法院People’s Court人民检察院People’s Procuratorate认定事实determine facts上诉案件case of trial of second instance; appellate case上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal涉外律师lawyers specially handling foreign-related matters申请复议administrative reconsideration petition申请加入律师协会application for admission to Law Association 申请人petitioner; claimant申诉案件appeal case申诉人〔仲裁〕claimant; plaintiff申诉书appeal for revision, petition for revision实习律师apprentice lawyer; lawyer in probation period实习律师证certificate of apprentice lawyer视听证据audio-visual reference material适用法律apply law to facts受害人victim书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法建议书judicial advise司法局Judicial Bureau司法局副局长deputy director of Judicial Bureau司法局局长director of Judicial Bureau司法统一考试uniform judicial exam送达service of process诉讼litigation; action; lawsuit诉讼当事人litigation party; litigious party诉讼业务litigation practice诉状complaint; bill of complaint; statement of claim 推销法律服务promote/market legal service外国律师事务所foreign law office托付代理合同authorized representation contract托付代理人agent ad litem; entrusted agent托付授权书power of attorney物证material evidence嫌疑人criminal suspect项目融资project financing项目谈判project negotiating刑事案件criminal case刑事诉讼criminal litigation行政诉讼administrative litigation休庭adjourn the court; recess宣判pronounce judgement; determination宣誓书affidavit业务进修attendance in advanced studies一审案件case of trial of first instance与国外律师事务所交流communicate with foreign law firms 原告plaintiff证券律师securities lawyer证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit执行笔录execution record执业登记registration for practice执业范畴scope of practice; sphere of practice; practice area 执业申请practice application执业证年检annual inspection of lawyer license仲裁arbitration仲裁案件arbitration case仲裁机构arbitration agency专门律师specialized lawyer专职律师professional lawyer; full-time lawyer撰写法律文章write legal thesis资信调查credit standing investigation自诉案件private prosecuting case二、诉讼法律案件case案件发回remand/rimit a case (to a low court)案件名称title of a case案卷材料materials in the case案情陈述书statement of case案外人person other than involved in the case案值total value involved in the case败诉方losing party办案人员personnel handling a case保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case (to security authorities)被告defendant; the accused被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder被害人victim被害人的诉讼代理人victim’s agent ad litem被上诉人respondent; the appellee被申请人respondent被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement本诉principal action必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation变通管辖jurisdiction by accord辩护defense辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer辩护人defender辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence辩论时期stage of court debate驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim驳回要求deny/dismiss a motion驳回上诉、坚持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit驳回通知书notice of dismissal驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case补充答辩supplementary answer补充判决supplementary judgement补充侦查supplementary investigation不公布审理trial in camera不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing不批准逮捕决定书written decision of disapproving an arrest不起诉nol pros不予受理起诉通知书notice of dismissal of accusation by the court财产保全申请书application for attachment; application for property preservation 裁定order; determination (指最终裁定)裁定管辖jurisdiction by order裁定书order; ruling裁决书award采信的证据admitted evidence查封seal up撤回上诉withdraw appeal撤诉withdraw a lawsuit撤销立案revoke a case placed on file撤销原判，发回重审rescind the original judgement and remand the case ro the original court for retrial出示的证据exhibit除权判决invalidating judgement (for negotiable instruments)传唤summon; call传闻证据hearsay答辩answer; reply答辩陈述书statement of defence答辩状answer; reply大法官associate justices; justice大检察官deputy chief procurator代理控告agency for accusation代理申诉agency for appeal代理审判员acting judge代为申请取保候审agency for application of the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving弹劾式诉讼accusatory procedure当事人陈述statement of the parties当庭宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence in court地区管辖territorial jurisdiction地区检察分院inter-mediate People’s Procuratorate第三人third party调查笔录record of investigation定期宣判pronouncement of judgement or sentence later on a fixed date定罪证据incriminating evidence; inculpatory evidence冻结freeze督促程序procedure of supervision and urge独任庭sole-judge bench独任仲裁员sole arbitrator对阻碍民事诉讼的强制措施compulsory measures against impairment of civil action 对席判决judgement inter parties二审trial of second instance二审案件case of trial of second insurance罚款impose a fine法定证据statutory legal evidence法定证据制度system of legal evidence 法官judges法警bailiff; court police法律文书legal instruments/papers法律援助legal aid法律咨询legal consulting法庭辩论court debate法庭调查court investigation法庭审理笔录court record法庭审理方式mode of court trial法庭庭长chief judge of a tribunal法院court法院公告court announcement反诉counterclaim反诉答辩状answer with counterclaim 反诉状counterclaim犯罪嫌疑人criminal suspect附带民事诉讼案件 a collateral civil action附带民事诉讼被告defendant of collateral civil action复查reexamination; recheck复验reinspect高级法官senior judge高级检察官senior procurator高级人民法院Higher People’s Court告诉案件case of complaint告诉才处理的案件case accepted at complaint告诉申诉庭complaint and petition division工读学校work-study school for delinquent children公安部Ministry of Public Security公安分局public security sub-bureau公安厅public security bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government公布审理trial in public公布审判制度open trial system公示催告程序procedure of public summons for exhortation 公诉案件public-prosecuting case公诉词statement of public prosecution公证机关public notary office共同管辖concurrent jurisdiction管辖jurisdiction国际司法协助international judicial assistance海事法院maritime court合议庭collegial panel合议庭评议笔录record of deliberating by the collegiate bench 和解composition; compromise核对诉讼当事人身份check identity of litigious parties复原执行resumption of execution回避withdrawal混合式诉讼mixed action基层人民法院basic People’s Court羁押期限term in custody级别管辖subject matter jurisdiction of courts at different levels监视居住living at home under surveillance监狱prison检察官procurator检察权prosecutorial power检察委员会procuratorial/prosecutorial committee检察院procuratorate检察院派出机构outpost tribunal of procuratorate简易程序summary procedure鉴定结论expert conclusion经济审判庭economic tribunal径行判决direct adjudication without sessions; judgement without notice 纠问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings拘传summon by force; summon by warrant拘留所detention house举报information/report of an offence举证责任burden of proof; onus probandi决定书decision军事法院military procuratorate开庭审理open a court session开庭通知notice of court session勘验笔录record of inquest看管所detention house可执行财产executable property控告式诉讼accusatory proceedings控诉证据incriminating evidence控诉职能accusation function扣押distrain on; attachment扣押物distress/distraint宽限期period of grace劳动争议仲裁申请书petition for labor dispute arbitration 劳改场reform-through-labor farm劳教所reeducation-through-labor office类推判决的核准程序procedure for examination and approval of analogical sentence 累积证据cumulative evidence立案报告place a case on file立案管辖functional jurisdiction立案决定书written decision of case-filing立案侦查report of placing a case on file利害关系人interested party临时裁决书interim award律师见证书lawyer’s written attestation; lawyer’s written authentication律师事务所law office; law firm律师提早介入prior intervention by lawyer免于刑事处分exemption from criminal penalty民事案件civil case民事审判庭civil tribunal民事诉讼civil action民事诉讼法Civil Procedural Law扭送seize and deliver a suspect to the police派出法庭detached tribunal派出所police station判决judgement; determination判决书judgement; determination; verdict (指陪审团作出的)旁证circumstantial evidence陪审员juror批准逮捕approval of arrest破案clear up a criminal case; solve a criminal case破产bankruptcy; insolvency一般程序general/ordinary procedure一般管辖general jurisdiction企业法人破产还债程序procedure of bankruptcy and liquidation of a business corporation 起诉filing of a lawsuit起诉sue; litigate; prosecute; institution of proceedings起诉状indictment; information区县检察院grassroots People’s Procuratorate取保候审the bail pending trial with restricted liberty of moving缺席判决default judgement人民调解委员会People’s Mediation Committee认定财产无主案件cases concerning determination of property as qwnerless认定公民无民事行为能力、限制民事行为能力案件cases concerning determination of a citizen as incompetent or with limited disposing capacity上诉appeal上诉人appellant上诉状petition for appeal少管所juvenile prison社会治安综合治理comprehensive treatment of social security涉外案件cases involving foreign interests涉外民事诉讼foreign civil proceedings涉外刑事诉讼foreign criminal proceedings申请人applicant; petitioner申请书petition; application for arbitration申请执行人execution applicant申诉人宣誓书claimant’s affidavit of authenticity申诉书appeal for revision; petition for revision神示证据制度system of divinity evidence神示制度ordeal system审查案件case review审查并决定逮捕examine and decide arrest审查起诉时期stage of review and prosecution审理通知书notice of hearing审判长presiding judge审判长宣布开庭presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖adjudgement/trial jurisdiction审判监督程序procedure for trial supervision审判委员会judicial committee审判员judge审问式诉讼inquisitional proceedings生效判决裁定legally effective judgement/order胜诉方winning party省市自治区检察院higher People’s Procuratorate失踪和死亡宣告declaration of disappearance and death实〔质〕体证据substantial evidence实物证据tangible evidence实在证据real evidence示意证据demonstrative evidence视听证据audio-visual evidence收容所collecting post; safe retreat首席大法官chief justice首席检察官chief procurator受害人的近亲属victim’s immediate family受理acceptance受理刑事案件审批表registration form of acceptance of criminal case 受送达人the addressee书记员court clerk书记员宣读法庭纪律court clerk reads court rules书证documentary evidence司法部Ministry of Justice司法机关judicial organizatons司法警察judicial police司法局judicial bureau司法厅judicial bureau at the levels of provinces, autonomous regions, and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government司法协助judicial assistance死缓的复核judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve死刑复核程序procedure for judicial review of death sentence死刑复核权competence for judicial review of death sentence送达service of process送达传票service of summons/subpoena送达诉状service of bill of complaint搜查search诉sue; suit; action; lawsuit诉前财产保全property attachment prior to lawsuit诉讼litigation; lawsuit; sue; action诉讼保全attachment诉讼参加人litigious participants诉讼代理人agent ad litem诉状complaint; bill of complaint; state of claim专门程序special procedures提起公诉institute a public prosecution铁路法院railway court铁路检察院railroad transport procuratorate庭审程序procedure of court trial通缉wanted for arrest投案appearance退回补充侦查return of a case for supplementary investigation托付辩护entrusted defense未成年人法庭juvenile court无行政职务的法官associate judge无正当理由拒不到庭refuse to appear in court without due cause 无罪判决acquittal, finding of 〝not guilty 〞物证material evidence先予执行申请书application for advanced execution先予执行advanced execution刑事案件criminal case刑事拘留criminal detention刑事强制拘留criminal coercive/compulsory measures刑事审判庭criminal tribunal刑事诉讼criminal proceedings刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedural Law刑事自诉状self-incriminating criminal complaint行政案件administrative case行政审判庭administrative tribunal行政诉讼administrative proceedings行政诉讼法Administrative Procedural Law宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 宣判笔录record of rendition of judgement选民资格案件cases concerning qualifications of voters询问证人inquire/question a witness训诫reprimand讯问笔录record of interrogation询问犯罪嫌疑人interrogate criminal suspect言词证据verbal evidence要求传唤证人申请书application for subpoena一裁终局arbitration award shall be final and binding 一审trial of first instance一审案件case of trial of first instance应诉通知书notice of respondence to action有罪判决sentence; finding of 〝guilty〞予审preliminary examinantion; pretrial原告plaintiff院长court president阅卷笔录record of file review (by lawyers)再审案件case of retrial再审申请书petition for retrial责令具结悔过order to sign a statement of repentance债权人会议creditors’ meeting侦查时期investigation stage侦查终结conclusion of investigation征询原、被告最后意见consulting final opinion of the plaintiff and defendant 证据evidence证据保全preserve evidence证据保全申请书application for evidence preservation证人证言testimony of witness; affidavit支付令payment order/warrant知识产权庭intellectual property tribunal执行程序procedure execution执行逮捕execution of arrest执行和解conciliation of execution执行回转recovery of execution执行庭executive tribunal执行异议objection to execution执行员executor执行中止discontinuance of execution执行终结conclusion of execution指定辩护appointed defense指定仲裁员声明statement of appointing arbitrator中级人民法院intermediate People’s Court中途退庭retreat during court session without permission 仲裁arbitration仲裁被诉人respondent; defendant仲裁裁决award仲裁申请书arbitration仲裁申诉人claimant; plaintiff仲裁庭arbitration tribunal仲裁委员会arbitration committee仲裁协议arbitration agreement; clauses of arbitration仲裁员arbitrator主诉检察官principal procurator助理检察官assistant procurator助理审判员assistant judge专门法院special court专门管辖specific jurisdiction专属管辖exclusive jurisdiction追究刑事责任investigate for criminal responsibility自首confession to justice自诉案件private-prosecuting case自行辩护self-defense自由心证制度doctrine of discretional evaluation of evidence 自侦案件self-investigating case最高人民法院the Supreme People’s Court最高人民检察院the Supreme People’s Procuratorate最后裁决书final award三、民事法律法律渊源source of law制定法statute判例法case law; precedent一般法common law专门法special law固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law实体法substantial law程序法procedural law原那么法fundamental law例外法exception law司法说明judicial interpretation适应法customary law公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law罗马法Roman Law私法private law公法public law市民法jus civile万民法jus gentium民法法系civil law system英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system一般法common law大陆法continental law罗马法系Roman law system英吉利法English law衡平法equity; law of equity日尔曼法Germantic law教会法ecclesiastical law寺院法canon law伊斯兰法Islamic law民法法律规范norm of civil law授权规范authorization norm禁止规范forbidding norm义务性规范obligatory norm命令性规范commanding norm民法差不多原那么fundamental principles of civil law 平等原那么principle of equality自愿原那么principle of free will公平原那么principle of justice等价有偿原那么principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原那么principle of good faith行为act作为act不作为omission合法行为lawful act违法行为unlawful act民事权益权益能力civil right绝对权absolute right相对权relative right优先权right of priority先买权preemption原权antecedent right救济权right of relief支配权right of dominion要求权right of claim物上要求权right of claim for real thing形成权right of formation撤销权right of claiming cancellation否认权right of claiming cancellation解除权right of renouncement代位权subrogated right选择权right of choice承认权right of admission终止权right of termination抗辩权right of defense一时性抗辩权momentary right of defense永久性抗辩权permanent counter-argument right不安抗辩权unstable counter-argument right同时履行抗辩权defense right of simultaneous performance既得权tested right期待权expectant right专属权exclusive right非专属权non-exclusive right人身权益personal right人权human right人格权right of personality生命健康权right of life and health 姓名权right of name名称权right of name肖像权right of portraiture自由权right of freedom名誉权right reputation隐私权right of privacy私生活隐秘权right of privacy贞操权virginity right身份权right of status亲权parental power; parental right亲属权right of relative探视权visitation right配偶权right of spouse荣誉权right of honor权益的爱护protection of right公力救济public protection私力救济self-protection权益本位standard of right社会本位standard of society无责任行为irresponsible right正当防卫justifiable right; ligitimate defence 防卫行为act of defence自为行为self-conducting act紧急避险act of rescue; necessity自助行为act of self-help不可抗力force majeure意外事件accident行为能力capacity for act意思能力capacity of will民事行为civil act意思表示declaration of intention意思表示一致meeting of minds; consensus完全行为能力perfect capacity for act限制行为能力restrictive capacity for act准禁治产人quasi-interdicted person保佐protection自治产人minor who is capable of administering his own capacity 无行为能力incapacity for act禁治产人interdicted person自然人natural person公民citizen住宅domicile居所residence经常居住地frequently dwelling place户籍census register监护guardianship个体工商户individual business农村承包经营户leaseholding rural household 合伙partnership合伙人partner合伙协议partnership agreement合伙财产property of partnership合伙债务debt of partnership入伙join partnership退伙withdrawal from partnership合伙企业partnership business establishment 个人合伙partnership法人合伙partnership of legal person专门合伙special partnership一般合伙general partnership有限合伙limited partnership民事合伙civil partnership隐名合伙sleeping partnership; dormant partnership 私营企业private enterprise; proprietorship法人legal person企业法人legal body of enterprise企业集团group of enterprise关联企业affiliate enterprise个人独资企业individual business establishment国有独资企业solely state-owned enterprise中外合资企业Sino-foreign joint venture enterprise 中外合作企业Sino-foreign contractual enterprise社团法人legal body of mass organization财团法人legal body of financial group联营joint venture法人型联营association of legal persons合伙型联营coordinated management in partnership协作型联营cooperation-type coordinated management合作社cooperative民事法律行为civil legal act单方民事法律行为unilateral civil legal act双方民事法律行为bilateral civil legal act多方民事法律行为joint act civil legal act有偿民事法律行为civil legal act with consideration无偿民事法律行为civil legal act without consideration; civil legal act without award 实践性民事法律行为practical civil legal act诺成性民事法律行为consental civil legal act要式民事法律行为formal civil legal act不要式民事法律行为informal civil legal act要因民事法律行为causative civil legal act不要因民事法律行为noncausative civil legal act主民事法律行为principal civil legal act从民事法律行为accessory civil legal act附条件民事法律行为conditional civil legal act附期限民事法律行为civil legal act with term生前民事法律行为civil legal act before death死后民事法律行为civil legal act after death准民事法律行为quasi-civil legal act无效行为ineffective act可撤销民事行为revocable civil act违法行为illegal act; unlawful act侵权行为tort欺诈fraud胁迫duress乘人之危taking advantage of others’ precarious position以合法形式掩盖非法目的legal form concealing illegal intention 恶意串通malicious collaboration重大误解gross misunderstanding显失公平obvious unjust误传misrepresentation代理agency本人principal被代理人principal受托人trustee代理人agent本代理人original agent法定代理人statutory agent; legal agent 托付代理人agent by mandate指定代理人designated agent复代理人subagent再代理人subagent转代理人subagent代理权right of agency授权行为act of authorization授权托付书power of attorney代理行为act of agency托付代理agency by mandate本代理original agency复代理subagency次代理subagency有权代理authorized agency表见代理agency by estoppel; apparent agency 律师代理agency by lawyer一般代理general agency全权代理general agency全权代理托付书general power of attorney共同代理joint agency独家代理sole agency居间brokerage居间人broker行纪commission; broker house信托trust时效time limit; prescription; limitation时效中止suspension of prescription/limitation 时效中断interruption of limitation/prescription时效延长extension of limitation取得时效acquisitive prescription时效终止lapse of time; termination of prescription 期日date期间term涉外民事关系civil relations with foreign elements 冲突规范rule of conflict准据法applicable law; governing law反致renvoi; remission转致transmission识别identification公共秩序保留reserve of public order法律规避evasion of law国籍nationality国有化nationalization法律责任legal liability民事责任civil liability/responsibility行政责任administrative liability/responsibility刑事责任criminal liability/responsibility违约责任liability of breach of contract; responsibility of default 有限责任limited liability无限责任unlimited liability按份责任shared/several liability连带责任joint and several liability过失责任liability for negligence; negligent liability过错责任fault liability; liability for fault单独过错sole fault共同过错joint fault混合过错mixed fault被害人过错victim’s fault第三人过错third party’s fault推定过错presumptive fault恶意bad faith; malice有意deliberate intention; intention; willfulness过失negligence重大过失gross negligence疏忽大意的过失careless and inadvertent negligence 过于自信的过失negligence with undue assumption 损害事实facts of damage有形缺失tangible damage/loss无形缺失intangible damage/loss财产缺失property damage/loss人身缺失personal damage/loss精神缺失spiritual damage/loss民事责任承担方式methods of bearing civil liability停止侵害cease the infringing act排除阻碍exclusion of hindrance; removal of obstacle 排除危险elimination of danger返还财产restitution of property复原原状restitution; restitution of original state赔偿缺失compensate for a loss; indemnify for a loss。
法律常用术语分类中英对照
法律常用术语【（一）、法令】◆rule 条例◆law 法律◆criminal law 刑法◆interpret 解释（法律）◆the legislature 立法机构◆the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二)、主体】◆the judge 法官◆the lawyer律师（总称）◆the jury陪审团◆the juror陪审团成员◆the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；◆the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人◆the injured party/victim 被害人◆witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者◆the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师◆the accused/defendant 被告人◆the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】◆case 案件◆crime - criminal adj.◆a criminal case 刑事案件◆a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名--criminal behavior】◆guilt n. [Antonym] innocenceguilty adj. [Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crimeviolate a criminal law◆murder 谋杀罪first-degree murder (deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter (not intentionally) 一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪◆forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪◆criminal: n. 罪犯a convicted criminal ：one who has been judged guilty in a court of lawa hardened criminal ：someone who has committed many crimes◆stab v. 用刀具行凶，捅，刺to kill or hurt someone by pushing a knife or other sharp object into their bodystab someone to death 刺死flick knife /switch blade/knife 弹簧刀◆mug v. =rob抢劫to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewellery, or other possessions【（四）、程序】【逮捕】◆arrest◆pick up ：to arrest someone and take them away in a car【调查】◆investigationconduct a criminal investigation into◆criminal proceedings ：the process of examining a crime in a courtof law◆cross-examination【诉讼】◆find someone guilty/not guilty of something :officially decide thatthey are guilty/not guilty◆to be charged with/to be accused ofto accuse sb. of certain crime◆charge v.to charge sb. with certain crimebe charged with (doing) sthe.g. They are the jury for the trial of a boy charged with murdering his father.◆prosecute -prosecution n.to prosecute sb. for sth.face prosecution overto bring a prosecution against sb. 对…提起诉讼escape prosecution◆criminal charges ：official statements saying that sb is accusedby the police of committing a crime◆claim v. to say that someone’s actions are the cause of something 【法庭种类】◆a criminal court 刑事法庭,e.g. The scene is a jury room in a criminal court.◆a civil court 民事法庭◆children’s court 少年法庭◆The Supreme Court 最高法院【监督】◆supervise监督【作证】◆to testify v.作证to make a statement about something you saw, know, or experienced, usually in a court of lawtestify for/against someonetestimony证词◆proofdefinite proofprovide the proofpresent the proof◆evidence 证据，证物to identify 鉴别◆flimsy adj. not very reliableflimsy evidenceaccurate adj. correct or true in every detailunshakable adj. 不可动摇的self-contradiction 自相矛盾◆alibi n. 不在场的证据someone who has an alibi can prove that they were somewhere else when a crime was committed and so can claim to be not guilty【庭审】◆question v.◆question/suspect sb’s motive【辩护】◆to defend sb 为…辩护◆to refute 反驳--refutable adj.--refutation n.【陪审团讨论】◆the jury陪审团◆a grand jury 大陪审团◆the juror陪审团成员◆the jury room 陪审室◆discuss - discussion讨论◆proposal 提议◆vote 投票◆abstain v. 弃权◆vote for/in favor of/against◆take a preliminary votee.g. I think i t’s customary to take a preliminary vote◆analyze 分析◆assume v. 假定◆ballot n. 无记名投票◆to argue with 争论◆agreement 一致意见◆disagreement 反对意见◆a reasonable doubt◆to hang the jury: to make the jury unable to reach a unanimousdecision◆declare a hung jury◆reach a unanimous decision◆be deemed innocent/guilty 被认为无罪/有罪◆prove innocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪【审判】◆guilty/ not guilty(innocent)◆trial/ the jury trial审判◆a fair trial◆set free / acquitted 无罪释放◆admit v. agree that something is true 承认◆plead guilty to something : say that you are guiltye.g. He pleaded guilty to all charges.【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】◆reform school 感化院,◆jail/ prison n.监狱【方式】◆jail v. to put someone in jailto be in jailjail someone for somethinggo/ be sent to jailto serve a jail term◆be executedthe executionerto pull the switch◆to send sb. to the chair =send someone to the electric chair /tosentence sb. to be electrocuted电刑to sentence sb. to deathgive the sentence 施刑◆get out of jail【其他】◆have the right to do 有权◆on behalf of 代表draft 法案，草案Government bill 政府议案to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律ratification, confirmation 批准law enforcement 法律的实施to come into force 生效decree 法令clause 条款minutes 备忘录report 判例汇编codification 法律汇编legislation 立法legislator 立法者jurist 法学家jurisprudence 法学legitimation 合法化legality, lawfulness 法制，合法legal, lawful 合法的,依法的to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的offender 罪犯to abolish 废止，取消rescission, annulment 废除，取消repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律)cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废annulment 撤消(遗嘱)repeal rescission 撤消(判决)revocation 撤消immunity 豁免，豁免权disability, legal incapacity 无资格nonretroactive character 不溯既往性prescription 剥夺公权attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutional law 宪法canon law 教会法规common law 习惯法criminal law 刑法administrative law 行政法civil law 民法commercial law, mercantile law 商法law of nations 万国公法，国际法international law 国际法natural law 自然法labour laws 劳工法fiscal law 财政法Civil Suit Law, Code of civil law 民事诉讼法Military Law 军法Conscript Law 兵役法Copyright Law 著作权法penal code 刑法典code of mercantile law 商法典civil rights 民事权利，公民权利right of asylum 避难权human rights, rights of man 人权(customs) duties 关税death duty, death tax 遗产税royalties 版税。
法律常用术语分类中英对照【范本模板】
法律常用术语【（一）、法令】◆rule 条例◆law 法律◆criminal law 刑法◆interpret 解释（法律）◆the legislature 立法机构◆the legal system/ the judicial system/ court system法律体系【(二）、主体】◆the judge 法官◆the lawyer律师(总称）◆the jury陪审团◆the juror陪审团成员◆the prosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人;◆the plaintiff (民事案件) 原告人◆the injured party/victim 被害人◆witness/eyewitness 见证人，目击者◆the prosecution 原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师◆the accused/defendant 被告人◆the defense lawyer/counselor 被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】◆case 案件◆crime — criminal adj.◆a criminal case 刑事案件◆a civil case 民事案件【行为/罪名—-criminal behavior】◆guilt n。
[Antonym] innocenceguilty adj. ［Antonym]innocentguilty of a crime/chargeinnocent of a crime/chargecommit a crimeviolate a criminal law◆murder 谋杀罪first—degree murder (deliberately）一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter （not intentionally）一般杀人罪;过失杀人罪◆forgery 伪造罪sexual harassment 性骚扰malfeasance 渎职罪◆criminal： n。
法律词汇中英文名称对照表
法律词汇中英文名称对照表（一）A Resolution for Voluntary 自动清盘决议Abatement 减免或减轻abduction 拐带abortion 堕胎absconding 弃保潜逃Absolute assignment 绝对转让absolute discharge 无条件释放absolute liability 绝对法律责任acquit [v.] 无罪释放Act of God 天灾、神力行为Act 作为Action 诉讼adjourn 休庭、延期聆讯Adult 成人、成年人Affidavit 誓章age of consent 同意年龄Agent 代理人aiding abetting 教唆、煽动犯罪Arbitration 仲裁arrest 拘捕、逮捕Arrestable Offence 可逮捕的罪行arrestable offence 可逮捕罪行arson 纵火Articles of Association 公司章程assault 殴打Assignment 转让契据asymmetric cryptosystem 非对称密码系统Auditor 核数师Authorized share capital 法定股本Authorized signature 经授权之签名Available act of Bankruptcy 可用的破产作为Bailiff 执达主任bankruptcy debt 破产债项Bearer 持票人beneficiary 受益人Bilingual Laws Advisory Committee 双语法例谘询委员会Board of directors 董事会British Dependent Territories citizen 英国属土公民British Overseas citizen 英国海外公民Building Authority 建筑事务监督Business Registration 商业登记Buyer 买方Certificate of Compliance 满意纸Certificate of Origin 产地来源证certificate 证书certification practice statement 核证作业准则Chairman of the board of directors 董事会主席Charge 扺押Charge 抵押Chattel 货物或实产Chief Justice 首席大法官Co-owners 联名业主commissioner 监誓员Committed For Trial 交付审判Common Law 普通法Company directors 公司董事Company Secretary 公司秘书Company 公司Condition precedent 先决条件Conditions of Exchange 换地条款Conditions of Grant 批地条款Conditions of Sale 卖地条款Conditions 批地条款Consideration 代价Consul 领事Consular Officer 领事馆官员Contract for service 服务合约Contract of Sale 售卖合约Conversion 侵占copyright notice 版权通知Cost，insurance，freight CIFCounter-offer 反要约Court of Final Appeal 终审法院Creditor 债权人Creditor's Ordinary Resolution 债权人普通决议Creditor's Special Resolution 债权人会议特别决议creditors' committee 债权人委员会creditors' meeting 债权人的会议Creditors' Voluntary Winding 债权人自动清盘damage 损害damages 损害赔偿Debenture 债权证debt provable in bankruptcy or provable debt 可证债权或可证债项Debt Provable in Bankruptcy 可证债项debtor 债务人Deed of Mutual Covenant 大厦公契deed 契据digital signature 数码签署discharge 解除dispute resolution 和调解纠纷dividend 股息Document of Title to Goods 货品的所有权文件dormant 匿名或不活动drawee 受票人drawer 发票人Easement 地役权economic rights 经济权electronic record 电子纪录electronic signature 电子签署Equal Opportunity Commission 平等机会委员会Equitable Charge 公义式扺押Equitable Mortgage 公义式按揭Export 输出、出口Fault 错失Forfeiture 没收租权Freehold 永久业权Future goods 期货Gazette 宪报Government Chemist 政府化验师Government Land Resumption Ordinance 收回官地条例Government Lease 官地租契Group of Companies 公司集团hash function 杂凑函数Import 输入、进口Incumbrance 负累权益information system 资讯系统intellectual property rights 知识产权interim order 临时命令Intermeddling 干预死者的遗产International court of justice 国际法院Joint Tenants 共有权益Judge of the Court of Final Appeal 终审法院大法官Judge 大法官Judgment Creditor 判定债权人Judgment Debtor 判定债务人Judgment 判决Justice，Justice of the peace 太平绅士key pair 配对密码匙land 土地Lands Tribunal 土地审裁处Law Reform Commission 法律改革委员会Law 法律、法例、法Leasehold 租用业权Legal Charge 法定式扺押Legal Mortgage 法定式按揭licensing agreement 许可合同Listed Company 上市公司Medical Practitioner 医生Members' Voluntary Winding Up 成员自动清盘moral rights 精神权利Mortgage 按揭New Territories 新界nominee 代名人Nominee's Report 代名人报告notary 公证人Oath 誓言Offence 罪、罪行、罪项、犯法行为Official Receiver 破产管理署署长Order in Council 枢密院颁令ordinary resolution 普通决议Original court 原讼法院parallel import 平行进口patent 专利Payable at sight 见票即付Payee 受款人Personal Representative 遗产代理人Plaintiff 原告人Police officer 警务人员Power 权、权力Prevailing Market Rent 市值租金Principal Tenant 主租客Prison 狱、监狱Private Company 私人公司private key 私人密码匙Privy Council 枢密院Profit A Prendre 取利权property 财产Property 产权proposal 建议Prospectus 招股章程public key 公开密码匙Quality of Goods 货、货品Quality of Goods 货品品质record 纪录registered design registration 注册外观设计Registered Medical Practitioner 注册医生Registrar of the Supreme Court 最高法院司法常务官Regulations 规例Repeal 废除Restrictive Covenant 限制性的约言Reversionary Title 归属主权Right Of Way 过路权或取道权Sale 售卖Secretary for Justice 律政司司长secured creditor 有抵押债权人Sell 卖、售卖、出售Seller 卖方Share 股﹑股份short term patent 短期专利Sign 签名、签署special resolution 特别决议Specific Goods 特定货品Statutory Declaration 法定声明Subsidiary Legislation 附属法例Summary conviction 简易程序定罪Tenants-in-common 共享权益Tenement 物业单位Term 土地租期Territorial Waters 领海The Office of the Commissioner of Insurance 保险业监理处Title 业权Town Planning Board 城市规划委员会Trade Mark Ordinance 商标条例Trade Mark Registry 商标注册处trade mark relating to goods 货品商标trade mark relating to services 服务商标Trade mark 商标Triable Summarily 可循简易程序审讯Trustee of Bankruptcy 破产受托人trustee 受托人trustworthy system 稳当系统United Kingdom 联合王国Unlisted Company 非上市公司verify a digital signature 核实数码签署voluntary arrangement 个人自愿安排Warranty 保证条款Will 遗嘱years of age 岁、年岁。
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AAb initio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。
Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。
如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction和解与清偿等。
Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。
acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。
在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。
如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。
Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。
Acquittal是名词。
Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。
如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。
Actionact在普通英语中的含义是行动，在法律英语中则理解为诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action 提起诉讼，win an action在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。
Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。
如要将聆讯押后再排期重审，称为“adjourned to a date to be fixed”。
Admissionadmission是admit的名词，在普通英语中的含义是承认或接纳。
在法律英语中，则通常是法律程序中的一个用语，意思是采纳，采信（证据），如The defendant challenged the admission of the evidence by the court on the ground that the evidence was irrelevant.被告以证据没有相关性为由反对法院对其予以采信。
Adoptadopt的最常见含义是采用，通过，如adopt a law通过一项法律，adopt a proposal采纳一个建议等，这种用法在法律英语中也较为常见。
另外，adopt在法律英语中可能会用到一个含义是收养，如adopt an orphan according to law根据法律规定收养孤儿。
Affectaffect是普通英语中最常见最普通的单词之一，意思是影响，通常用在口语和非正式的场合中。
但在法律英语，affect（本义没有改变，仍然是影响），确实非常正式的用法，通常不能用influence等单词替换。
如The failure of either party at any time or times to require performance of any provision hereof shall in no manner affect its right at a later time to enforce the same．任何一方在任何时候未要求另一方履行本协议任一条款，并在不影响其以后强制执行该条款的权利。
Affidavit誓章以宗教仪式发誓后签署的书面证供称为Affidavit，而以真诚发誓所签署的证供称为Affirmation，两者的格式用词有些分别，但主要作用相同。
Affiliateaffiliate是法律英语的常见单词之一，意思是关联方，关联公司，也可以associate或connected person 表示。
如“Affiliate” means any person or company that directly or indirectly controls a Party or is directly or indirectly controlled by a Party，including a Party’s parent or subsidiary, or is under direct or indirect common control with such Party.“关联公司”指直接或间接控制一方(包括其母公司或子公司)或受一方直接或间接控制，或与该方共同受直接或间接控制的任何人或公司。
Agentagent也是法律英语中常见单词之一，意思是代理人，代理商，通常指商业代理，如果指非商业性质的代理，如替别人出席会议等，则可用proxy。
例：Nothing in this Agreement or in the performance of any of its provisions is intended or shall be construed to constitute either party an agent, 1egal representative, subsidiary，joint venturer，partner，employer，or employee of the other for any purpose whatsoever．参考译文：本协议的任何内容或本协议任何条款的履行，无意表示、亦不应被理解为任何一方为任何目的可以充当另一方的代理人、法定代表、子公司、合营方、合作伙伴、雇主或雇员。
Allegation声称诉讼陈词中未经证实的声言，例如：The Plaintiff alleged that his loss was due to the Defendant’s breach of contract，原告声称他的损失是被告违约所引致。
Allegation是名词。
Applicableapplicable在法律英语中的意思是可适用的，如例句：If any one or more of the provisions contained in this Agreement or any document executed in connection herewith shall be invalid，illegal，or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, the provision/provisions shall be deemed to have been severed from this agreement.如果本协议或涉及本协议而签署的任何文件中某条或数条条款，根据任何适用法律在任何方面是无效的、不合法或不能强制执行的,视为该条款从本协议中删除。
A right of audience发言权Assault殴打，侵犯以武力侵犯他人的行为，称为Assault，一般性质的殴打，称为“Common Assault”；严重者称为Aggravated Assault；未经许可触摸他人身体，可以被控非礼，称为Indecent Assault。
As is现状“As is”意指“现状”。
常用于物业买卖的合约中，指物业的现状。
“The property is and will be sold on an “as is” basis …”即物业将会以其现状出售。
又如deliver the house as is. 按照房屋的现状交付房屋。
The software is provided as is.按软件现有状况提供软件等。
As ofas of是从…开始，相当于since，但由于法律英语问题的正式性和庄重性，一般不能用since替换。
如The law shall be effective as of January 10, 2009。
本法自2009年1月10生效。
The contract takes effect upon its execution。
合同自签订之日起生效。
Assetasset的含义是资产、财产，不仅包括动产，不动产，也包括可以动用的资源。
如fixed asset固定资产，floating asset流动资产，Asset and capital verification 清产核资，asset management资产管理等。
Assignassign是法律英语中常用单词之一，意思是转让，也可以指受让人,通常指权利的转让。
如assign the rights to a third party。
把权利转让个第三方。
又如Without the prior express written consent of the Principal,the Agent may not assign this Agreement to any other party.未经委托方事先明确的书面同意，代理方不得将本协议转让给任何第三方。
Attachattach在普通英语中的含义是依附，粘贴，在法律英语中指扣押财产。
Attach the property扣押财产。
Attachment order扣押令等。
BBail保释刑事案中的疑犯或被告，可以暂时被释放。
保释可以是有条件的，也可以是无条件的。
保释的条件包括缴交指定金额的保释金、提供人事担保及定时向警署报到等。
Balance of Probabilities可能性较高者这是民事案件中举证的标准，法庭对原告和被告所提出的证据，认为那一方的可信性较高，便会判处该方胜诉。
相对刑事案而言，民事案中败诉的后果一般都只是经济利益，所以法庭对举证的要求，相对也较刑事案为低。
Bankruptbankrupt的意思是破产，既可以指单位也可以指个人破产。
如go bankrupt破产，declare bankrupt宣布破产，adjudicate sb. Bankrupt判决某人破产等。