外刊经贸知识选读
外刊经贸知识选读
外刊经贸知识选读Translate the following phrases into Chinese: Compensation trade补偿贸易Net exporter净出口国Department store百货商店Economic projection经济预测White Paper白皮书Spin off副产品Base metals贱金属Technology transfer技术转让Foreign-exchange reserves外汇储蓄Saturation point饱和点Trade balance贸易差额Areas of trade贸易区North America Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定Current account常常项目Free trade zone自由贸易区European Union欧洲联盟Growth rate增加率Contractual conflict契约性的矛盾EEC欧洲经济一起体Portfolio investment证券投资Per capita income人均收入De-inflationary policies反通胀政策The Single Market统一大市场Business investment商业投资Exclusive contract独家代理协议The Gulf region海湾地域GNP国民生产总值Budget deficit贸易赤字Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Barter trade易货贸易Foreign trade对外贸易The Special Economic Zone经济特区Natural resources自然资源Per capita income人均收入Trade priority贸易优先权Carbon tax双重税Import targets入口指标Credit guarantee货款担保人Accountancy service会计效劳National sovereignty国家主权Balance of payments国际收支差额Customs duties关税Punitive import tariff处惩性入口关税Primary commodity price低级产品价钱Trade surplus贸易顺差Top priority第一优先Hard currency硬通货Technology transfer技术转让Public funds国家资金Sliding price浮动价钱Debt restructuring债务调整Net exporter净出口国Wet market生肉、鱼、禽、蛋市场The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关贸总协定Market forces市场力量Petrochemical complex石油化学企业Tax breaks税额优惠Import targets入口指标Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade barrier贸易壁垒Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Imports of capital资本入口Gross national product国民生产总值Domestic demand国内需求Trade barrier贸易壁垒Current-account常常项目Domestic policy内政Debtor nations债务国Snack food小吃Financial instrument金融证券Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Technical transformation技术改造Free market自由市场Holding company控股公司A chamber of commerce商会Bargain basement廉价部Trade fairs贸易展览会Trade volume贸易量Service industry效劳业Capital stock实际资本Capital equipment资本设备High-tech economy高科技经济Semiconductor chips半导体集成电路芯片Electronic commerce电子商务Process a loan办理贷款手续Retail sale零售Make way for为——让路Liquid assets流动资产Developing countries进展中国家Precious metals贵金属Discount rate贴现率Securities有价证券Spot market现货市场Transfers component资本转移部份Trade barrier贸易壁垒Net assets净资产Barrier-free market无壁垒市场Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade inventories贸易库存Nominal dollar terms名义美元价Unfair trade不平等交易Exclusive contract独家经销合同Per capita income人均收入Long-term strategy长期战略GATT关税及贸易总协定Financial crisis金融危机Trade representative商务代表Physical market现货市场Financial deregulation撤销金融管制规定Sovereignty dispute主权争端Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Trade surplus贸易顺差Hard currency硬通货Merger of banks银行兼并Liquid assets易于变卖的资产/流动资金A hermit nation闭关自守的国家Trade negotiation贸易谈判At a rough estimate据粗略估量Chinese Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇Trade surplus贸易顺差Hard currency硬通货Merger of banks银行兼并Liquid assets易于变卖的资产A hermit nation闭关自守的国家Trade negotiation贸易谈判At a rough estimate据粗略估量Chinese Export Commodities Fair中国出口商品交易会Foreign exchange reserves外汇储蓄Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Countervailing duty反补助税Debt service利息付款Liquid assets易于变卖的资产Good resistance强阻力Current account常常项目Cash crops经济作物GNP国民生产总值De-inflationary policy反通货政策Equivalent value对等价值Industrialization programme工业化项目National income国民收入Volume of foreign trade对外贸易额Visible trade account有形贸易收支Invisible trade account无形贸易收支Growth rate增加率Foreign exchange外汇Trade fairs贸易展览会Production goods生产资料Customs duties关税Capital stock实际资本Infrastructure基础设施Foreign-exchange reserves外汇储蓄Customer goods消费品Saturation point饱和点Showpiece优秀样品Industrial crops经济作物Gross national product国民生产总值Economic power经济强国Punitive import tariff处惩性入口关税Securities and real-estate markets证券及房地产市场Conglomerate跨行业公司Commercial hub商业活动中心Per capita人均Portfolio investment证券投资Nominal terms名义价Constant terms不变价Debt restructuring债务调整Trade sanctions贸易制裁General Agreement on T ariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定Trade surplus贸易顺差Trade agreement贸易协定Government procurement政府采购North America Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定European Community欧洲一起体European Union欧洲联盟The Single Market统一大市场Free-trade zone自由贸易区Plant modernization工厂现代化European integration欧洲一体化Obtain access to a market取得进入一个市场的机遇Trade reprisal贸易报复Trade representative 贸易代表Import targets入口指标Fiscal packages财政一揽子打算Multilateral rules多边规那么Quantifiable results定量结果Conglomerate联合大企业Joint venture合伙企业Leviathan zaibatsu大财团Interest rates利率The lion’s share最大的份额Antidumping反倾销Loss leader赔本出售的商品Carbon tax双重税OPEC石油输出国组织The Gulf region海湾地域CECF中国出口商品交易会GATT关税及贸易总协定Market forces市场力量Countervailing duty反补助税Intellectual property right知识产权Trade in service效劳贸易Common Agriculture Policy一起农业政策Barter易货贸易Convertible currency可兑换货币Debt service归还贷款Countertrade对等贸易Counter purchase反向购买Debtor nations债务国Creditor nations债权国Reformulation从头配方Security有价证券Franchise特许经销权wholesaler批发商retailer零售商promote sales促销商品USDA美国农业部Luck draw幸运抽奖Spin-offs副产品，副作用Liquid assets流动资金Surplus produce生产多余Financial futures期货Currency movements货币流通Inflation通货膨胀Firm坚挺Buoyant活跃Steady坚稳Quiet清淡Stagnant停滞Heavy很呆滞Easy疲软Irregular涨落不定Erratic反复无常Irregular lower曲折下降Uncertain捉摸不定Translate the following phrases into English:贱金属base metals贵金属precious metals呆滞dull贴现率discount rate现货市场spot market欧共体European Economic Community期货市场futures market伦敦五金交易所London Metal Exchange超级市场supermarket增加出口打算Export Enhancement Program快餐店fast food shops贸易结构structure of trade咸鸭蛋preserved duck eggs茶鸡蛋eggs cooked in salt and tea leaves价钱指数price index软商品soft commodities削价战price-cutting war投资基金investment funds出口配额制度export quota system国际金融机构the international financial institution 货币贮存currency reserves国际货币基金the International Monetary Fund货币互换currency exchange 多边贸易multilateral trade清算协定Clearing Agreements补偿协定Compensation Agreements优惠券coupons独家经销合同exclusive contract试销市场test market独家代理协议exclusive contract基础设施infrastructure征收入口附加税impose import surcharge 商会chamber of commerce再出口reexports产地证明书certificate of origin据保守估量on a conservative estimate形成一种要挟pose a threat经济增大economic growth乌拉圭回合谈判the Uruguay round talk世界贸易组织the World Trade Organization 农业爱惜farm protection治理贸易managed trade贸易差额trade balance白皮书white paper双边顺差bilateral surplus年增加率annual growth rate投资资本investment capital税额优惠tax breaks金融体制financial system禁运embargo经济自由化economic liberalization贸易优先权trade priority贸易歧视trade discriminations贸易妥协trade concession经济一体化economic integration政治一体化political integration无壁垒市场barrier-free market经济利益economic benefits贸易顺差trade surplus资本转移部份transfers component预算赤字budget deficit利率interest rate低级产品价钱primary commodity price七国集团the Group of Seven工人侨汇worker’s remittance优先权preferred status关税及贸易总协定General Agreement on T ariffs and Trade国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product竞争优势competitive advantage贸易集团trade bloc新兴企业newly-rising enterprises集装箱工厂container plant 国际财团Consortium反弹bounce back自由市场free market补偿贸易compensation trade合伙企业joint venture常常项目current account打算经济planned economy出口定额export quota增加点growth point高科技产业high-tech industries经济特区the Special Economic Zone所得税税率income tax rate技术改造technical transformation技术转让technology transfer资本设备capital equipment优惠税率preferential tax rate资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment 合作企业cooperative enterprise资本入口imports of capital效劳业service industry外汇管制foreign exchange control反向贸易counter trade省会provincial capital竞争优势competitive advantage经济局面economic dimensions内部融资internal financing中波medium wave期货financial futures燃气轮机gas turbine资本货物capital goods资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment 政府采购government procurement优惠税率preferential tax rate贸易歧视trade discriminations贸易妥协trade concession贸易制裁trade sancitions核定资本authoried capital市场魅力market appeal广告词marketing messages利率interest rate竞争优势competitive advantage货币政策monetary policy曲折下降irregularly lower补偿贸易compensation trade出口定额export quota外汇管制foreign exchange control经济结构economic structure低级产品primary commodity工人侨汇workers’ remittance贸易体制trade framework 国家资金public funds国民收入national income入口限额import quota贸易公司trading companies硬通货hard currency固执己见stick by one’s guns自由贸易区free-trade zone产地证明书certificate of origin贸易差额trade balance合伙企业joint venture贸易集团trading block无形贸易收支invisible account所得税税率income tax rate证券及房地产市场securities and real estate markets 预算赤字budget deficit净资产net assets家用电器consumer electronics贸易逆差trade deficit入口指标import targets财政一揽子打算fiscal packages资本密集型投资capital-intensive investment知识产权intellectual property right效劳贸易trade in services经济封锁economic blockade贸易限制trade restrictions国内需求domestic demand优先权preferred status反倾销antidumping出口经济export economy最大份额the lion’s share有形贸易visible trade有形贸易收支visible trade account 消费品consumer goods经济强国economic power商品市场commodity market初步协定preliminary agreements 坏账bad debts冒充产品pirate good债权国creditor nations自动售货机vending machine贫困地域distressed region外汇业务foreign exchange business 税率tax rate私营企业private business首席执行官Chief Executive Officer 赔本出售的商品loss leader容易被骗被骗的人fall guy贸易协定trade agreement贸易顺差trade surplus生产方式means of production 优惠税率preferential tax rate利润汇款profit-remittance出口经济export economy高科技公司high technology firm电路板circuit board销售总额gross sales把握——的线索keep track of强行推销hard sell国际货币基金组织the International Monetary Fund 工业原料industrial material高增加率high growth rate处惩性入口关税punitive import tariff收入指数income index每一年per annum赤字in deficit顺差in surplus海关税customs duties国民收入national income有形贸易收支visible trade account反补助税countervailing duty无形贸易收支invisible account利息付款debt service / interest payment外商独资sole foreign-funded技术转让technology transfer国内需求domestic demand出口导向export-oriented贸易差额trade balance产地证书certificate of origin期货市场futures market市场份额market share入口税import duties独家经销合同exclusive contract常常项目current account清算协议clearing agreement人均收入per capita income无壁垒市场barrier-free market双重税carbon tax房地产real estate试销test market知识产权intellectual property right商业周期business cycle国民收入national income国际收支balance of payments收盘价closing level处惩性入口关税punitive import tariff证券投资portfolio investment商品市场commodity market自由市场（无壁垒市场）barrier-free market 智囊团/顾问班子brain trust产地证明书certificate of origin 对等价值equivalent value市场份额market share供给欠缺short supply世界银行the World Bank资本货物capital goods生产力productive forces国内需求domestic demand外汇收入foreign exchange earnings 入口税customs duties有形贸易收支visible trade account 利润汇款profit-remittanceIn return for: 作为对~的互换Permit: 许诺Run-down: 减少，减缩Accelerate: 加速，增速Reinforce: 增强，增强By means of: 通过，借助于Concessionary: 优惠的，减让的Substantial: 可观的，大量的，相当数量的Exacerbated: 加重Deepened: 加深Stagnated: 停滞Deteriorated: 加重、恶化SEZ: the Special Economic Zone经济特区Equipped with: 用~装备，具有Cope with: （成功）应付，（妥帖）处置Preferential: 优惠的It will be some time before~: ~还需要一段时刻Many economists believe a standard estimate of China’s per capita gross national product is already two to three times too low.许多经济学家以为，对中国人均国民生产总值的标准估量太低了，实际应该是这数字的2到3倍。
外刊经贸知识选读
Terms
• EU (European Union) 欧洲联盟 • FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) 外商直接投资 • Comecon (Council For Mutual Economic
Association) 经济互助委员会 • EEC (European Economic Community) 欧共体 • European Common Market 欧洲共同市场 • central bank 中央银行 • customs duties 关税
Vocabulary
• compensation [ˌkɑːmpenˈseɪʃn] n.补偿
• assembly [əˈsembli] n.装配；组装
• eligible 的
[ˈelɪdʒəbl] a.在法律上合格
• exemption [ɪɡˈzempʃn] n.免税；免除
• customs duties 关税；海关税；进口税
Vocabulary
• balance
[ˈbæləns]
n.（收支等的）平衡；均衡
• per annum （拉丁语）每年
• undue
[ˌʌnˈduː]
a.过度的；不应有的
• strain
[streɪn] n.重负；过度的要求
• reverse
[rɪˈvɜːrs] v.倒转；反向
Vocabulary
[dɪsˈrʌpt] v.扰乱；使中断
• constraint [kənˈstreɪnt] n.约束；限制
Vocabulary
• in the wake of • accord • breakdown • sector • category • item
外刊经贸知识选读Lesson1 China in the market Place
Terms
Manufactured goods 制成品
制成品，是指在一个工业企业内完成全部生产过程，经检验符合规定的 质量标准，并可销售供社会使用的合格劳动产品。如自行车厂生产完成 的待销自行车;棉纺织厂生产完成的待销坯布;机床厂生产完成的待销机床 等。在本企业内不再需要继续加工的半成品，经检验合格供对外销售， 也作成品。如自行车厂生产完成的供外厂配套用或供销售的零件
Lesson 1 China's Foreign Trade
Part1
Opening paragraph
Part2 Breakdown Part3 The Balance Shifts
Part4 Direction of Trade Part5 Reserves Rise
Part6 Investment Encouraged
withdrawal[wɪð'drɔːəl] --[U]the removal or stopping of something such as support, an offer, or a service 〔对支持、建议、服务等的〕取消，收回 --[C,U] the act of moving an army, weapons etc away from the area where they were fighting 撤军；撤退；撤回 --[C,U] the act of taking money from a bank account, or the amount you take out 〔从银行账户中的〕取款；取款额 Shift away from … towards/to-从…转向...
manufactured goods and the capital equipment required
2020年10月自考00096外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案
34. Gross Domestic Product 35. barter 四、将下列英语单词或词组译成中文:本大题共 10 小题,每小题 1 分,共 10 分。 36. 独家经销合同 37. 双重税 38. 证券及房地产市场 39. 反通货膨胀政策 40. 招标 41. 财政一揽子计划( 方案) 42. 最惠国待遇 43. 人均收入 44. 期货 45. 贸易逆差
27. market share
28. technology transfer
29. discount rate
30. convertible currency 31. countervailing duty 32. joint venture
33. foreign鄄exchange reserves
绝密绎启用前
2020 年 10 月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试
自考笔记.自考考前压题预测.0096外刊经贸知识选读串讲讲义
第一部分导言一、内容梗概《外刊经贸知识选读》这本教材以课文为核心，选文题材包括与我国经贸研究与实际工作有关的几个主要方面：中国对外贸易与吸收外资的概况以及其改革开放的大背景，国际经贸的宏观形势，世界经济和贸易大国的贸易政策和问题，亚洲新兴经济的状况和问题，日益激烈的市场竞争，从关贸总协定到世界贸易组织，初级产品市场的前景预测和市场变化的微观报导等。
这些课程内容的表达上语言上则提供了大量的、丰富的经贸研究与实际工作经常需用的词语、句式和文体及其应用的范例。
二、课程目标学习本课程，要求学生初步掌握使用英语从西方报刊或相类的材料中直接了解并获取经贸信息的基本知识和技巧。
为了实现这一最终目的，必须在学习过程中切实达到下列目标：1、熟悉并掌握课文中出现的经常用于报刊经贸文章（或相类材料）的词、片语和句型；2、能比较熟练地运用这些语言知识并结合所学的经贸业务和背景知识正确地理解教材中的课文练习用文、补充阅读材料等，并能得其要旨。
三、课程性质《外刊经贸知识选读》课程是全国高等教育自学考试国际贸易专业的必考课和英语专业的选修课，是为培养和检验自学应考者的阅读和理解西方报刊经贸文章所需的专业英语的基本知识和应用能力而设置的一门专业英语课程。
这一课程是英语阅读和理解课的一个专业分支。
其特点是：阅读材料以当代国际经贸活动为主要内容和背景；文章是用相关的英语表达的课程的设计和教材的编写着力于提示和总结这类材料的语言运用规律的启发有关经贸知识的应用。
由于课程内容的高度经贸专业化，学习本课程之前应完成经济学和其他国际贸易基础课程的学习。
四、学习方法1、首先要反复认知和记忆教材中出现的在西方经贸报刊文章（英语）中经常使用的词、片语和句型，了解其含义，掌握其用法，能够熟练地运用在阅读理解之中；2、在初步掌握了有关语言知识的基础上，在阅读中要结合所学文章的上下文和内容背景运用这些基本语言知识去正确、深入、灵活地理解。
这里所谓“灵活”，就是说一个词，片语或句型具体用在一句一段一篇里时其含义以至其用法经常有所变化，报刊文字尤其如此，而读者在理解上也要有随和应变之巧，不可一味墨守而不得其真义。
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料
《外刊经贸知识选读》复习资料第一章、术语制成品manufactured goods资本货物capital goods国际收支balance of payments经常项目current account有形贸易项目visible trade account无形贸易项目invisible trade account贸易顺差trade surplus贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易barter补偿贸易comp ensation trade反向贸易counter-trade组装生产assembly manufacturing工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax合资企业joint venture延期付款deferred p ayment买方信贷buyer credit卖方信贷supp lier credit软贷款（低息贷款）soft loan最惠国待遇MFN treatment ( Most Favored nation treatment )永久性正常贸易关系PNTR( Permanent Normal Trading Relations )国民收入 NI ( National Income )国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product )国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product ) 国际复兴和开发银行IBRD (International Bank forReconstruction and Devel opm ent ) 国际开发协会 IDA (International Development Association国际金融公司 IFC (International Finance Comporation 经济合作和发展组织 OECD (Organization for EconomicCoop eration and Devel opm ent )国际清算银行 BIS (Bank for International Settlement 欧洲经济共同体 EEC ( European Economic Community 欧洲联盟 EU ( European Union )外商直接投资 FDI (Foreign Direct Investment ) 、词语释义::dramatically ，significantly ，considerablywithdraw : cancellation theme ： p rinc iplein return for : in exchange for disr upt : interru pt destined : designed pronounced : markedsubstantially subsequentlyafterwardsexacerbate : deteriorate worsen ； aggravate ； make worsein the wake of : following after withundue : too much ； unbearable reverse :change to the opposite buoyant : brisk outcome : result boost : stimulate ； pro mote ； devel op recover : rebound facilitate : make easy run-down : reductioninsofar as : to the extent bottlenecks : obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exp orted agricultural p roducts to the USSR and East Europ ean countries in return for manufactured goods and the cap ital equipm ent required for the country industrialization p rogramme which pl aced emp hasis on the devel opm ent of heavy industry.重工业的发展。
外刊经贸知识选读词汇
lesson 1national income 国民收入Comecon( Council for Mutual Economic Association) 经互会经济互助委员会EEC( European Economic Community) 欧共体European Common Market 欧洲共同市场European Community /European Union 欧洲共同体most favored nation treatment(status) 最惠国待遇the normal trade treatment(status) 正常贸易待遇visible trade account 有形贸易收支minister without portfolio 政务委员不管部部长balance of payments 国际收支invisible account 无形贸易收支current account 经常项目central bank 中央银行barter 易货贸易counter-trade 反向贸易assembly manufacturing 来件组装particular forms of foreign trade 特殊贸易做法taxation （入境后）税收工商统一税joint venture 合资企业concessionary finance 中国进口大型项目经常采用的由卖方提供某些方便的付款方式the World Bank and its affiliates 国际银行及其附属机构OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 经济合作与发展织Bank of International Settlements 国际清算银行non-bank trade related credits 买方（卖方）信贷in the wake of 紧紧跟随在后per annum 每年in deficit 赤字逆差in surplus 赢余顺差customs duties 关税raise(money ,funds) 筹集（款项资金）lesson 2bamboo curtain /iron curtain country 竹幕铁幕国家The Special Economic Zone (SEZ) 经济特区14 coastal cities(all former treaty ports) 沿海开放城市capital stock /capital stock ,real 实际资本cooperative enterprise 合作（经营）企业State Council 国务院state councilor 国务委员pipe dream 白日梦幻想cope with 成功应付妥善处理inner regions 内地foreign-exchange reserves 外汇储备technology transfer 技术转让(to start)form scratch 从零开始wholly foreign-owned 外商独资拥有capital goods 资本货物consumer goods 消费品profit-remittance 利润汇款preferential tax rate 优惠税率be liable to 有义务应付税的entitle to 给...权利/资格strengths and weaknesses 优缺点stir up 激起has yet to 有待in the driver's seat 处于统治（或控制）地位means of production 生产资料stock-taking 盘货评估National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会lesson 3Per capita 按人均计算平均Gross National Product(GNP) 国民生产总值punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税securities and real estate market 政权及房地产市场"Greater China trade bloc/Chinese Economic Area 大中华贸易集团华人经济区high-tech ,high-wage economy 高技术高工资经济General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 关税及贸易总协定WTO/World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织conglomerate 跨行业公司semiconductor chips 半导体集成电路芯片consortium 国际财团CITIC(China International Trust and Investment Company) 中国国际信托投资公司China Resources Inc 香港华润有限公司economic heavyweight 举足轻重的经济强国dump truck 翻斗车tractor-trailer 牵引拖车container plant 集装箱工厂commercial hub 商业活动中心warning shot 鸣枪示警intensifying rivalry 不断增强的竞争对抗conveyor belt 输送带preferred status 优先权have a stake in 与有利害关系appendix lesson1-lesson3productive forces 生产力cash corps 经济作物multi-party election 多党竞选a balance of the three powers 三权分立the western two-chamber system 西方两院（议会）制House of Lords/House of Commons 上议院/下议院the Senate/House of Representatives 参议院/众议院anarchy 无政府状态Presidium 共产党国家政府常务委员会standard of living 生活水平give priority to 最优先考虑surplus labour 剩余劳动力political persuasion 政治派别the sate apparatus 国家机器keep abreast of 与齐头并进bureaucratism 官僚主义官僚体系democratization 民主化lesson 4GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国内生产总值Central and Eastern Europe 地处中东欧的前社会主义国家Gulf Crisis 海湾危机the G-7/the Group of Seven 七国集团Continental Europe 欧洲大陆deinflationary policies 反通胀政策cyclical deceleration in investment spending 周期性的投资下降hard currency 硬通货Paris Club 巴黎俱乐部Commodity Market 商品市场nominal(dollar)terms 名义（美圆）价constant(dollar)terms 不变（美圆）价格unification 东西德统一anti-inflationary monetary policy 反通货膨胀货币政策GDP(GNP) deflator 消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀因素指数structural problems 由于社会体制或管理制度不完善引起的问题highly leveraged corporate transactions 公司用大量借来的钱进行交易current account 经常项目transfers (component) 资本转移（部分）war-related payments 战争费用的支付European Monetary System(EMS) 欧洲货币体系the Exchange Rate Mechanism 汇率管理机制real output 以不变价格计算的产品价值the spike in oil prices 石油价格猛跌the population-weighted growth rate(of developing countries' GDP) 人口加权增长率debt restructuring 债务调整direct investment 证券投资the Gulf Countries 海湾国家in a row 连续per capita income 人均收入high rates of growth 高增长率domestic demand 国内需求debt rescheduling 重新安排债务的偿还计划rental housing 出租房屋tax-cut-induced boom 由减税引发的繁荣pick-up 好转portfolio investment 证券投资catch-up 竞争couple with 并提把联系起来worker's remittance 工人侨汇bottoming-out 经济衰退局面等降至最低点后即将复苏lesson 5US policy on Trade 美国贸易政策be prepared to do something 有准备的the US trade representative 美国贸易谈判代表result-oriented/export-oriented/growth-oriented/market-oriented 以结果为导向的NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements) 北美自由贸易协定(government)procurement 政府采购news service 通讯社drawn-out 冗长乏味的full-fledged 充分展开的全面贸易战misgiving(s) 疑虑to ease frictions 缓和争执减少摩擦tough negotiator 不妥协的谈判者sanction(s) 国际制裁impose against 对实行制裁trade sanctions 贸易制裁(trade)hawks 在贸易中主张实行制裁的人lesson 6the Single Market 统一市场Maastricht Treaty 马斯特里赫特条约（欧洲联盟条约）free-trade zone 自由贸易区Masstircht referendum 欧共体一些成员国对马斯特里赫特条约进行的公民复决投票merger 兼并staff writer 本报记者holiday fliers 乘飞机外出度假的人big bang 大爆炸barrier-free market 自由市场（无壁垒市场）traverse the ocean 横渡重洋wind up 把事务料理停当lesson 7White Paper 白皮书fuss 异议抱怨MITI(the Ministry of International Trade and Industry 日本通商产业省dry/dry facts/in dry language 不带偏见的不加修饰的直截了当的somebody's side of a argument 某人对这个论点的态度take /call /bring sb. to task 责备某人Uruguay round of trade talks 乌拉圭回合贸易谈判fiscal packages 财政一揽子计划thanks to slow growth elsewhere 由于其他地区增长缓慢industrial commodities 技术产品耐用消费品the business cycle 商业周期managed trade 管理贸易export-driven 以出口为目的albeit 即使trade balance 贸易差额capitulate to 投降take a stand 持一种观点be opposed to 反对gear to 使适应argue for 主张head on 迎头正面针对的at pains 尽力trade sanctions 贸易制裁obtain access to a market 得到进入一个市场的机会out of kilter 失常of one's own accord 处于自愿主动的sensitive to environment 对环境敏感cave in 屈服trade reprisal 贸易报复lesson 4 - lesson 7White House Chief of Staff 白宫办公厅主任staff 全体工作人员stock 过时的没有新意的compound 使复杂化the Establishment 权势集团幕后统治集团power broker （能影响有权势人物以操纵权利的人）权利经纪人vested interests 既得利益power play 强权行为高压行动stamp …out 扑灭消灭or the sake of 为了heavy-handed 严厉的压迫的price-rigging 操纵价格的垄断价格的foot dragging 迟疑拖拉civil service 行政部门protectionism 保护贸易制lesson 8Silicon Valley 硅谷state-of-the-art 目前工艺水平目前最先进的microprocessor 微信息处理器affiliate 联号dumping 倾销licenser 转让人insolvency 无偿还能力的/资不抵债market force 市场力量a hermit nation 一个闭关自守的国家chum out 艰苦（费力）的做出all-out 竭尽全力的bare-bone 少得不能再少的不充分的fledgling industries 新兴工业bargain-basement 极便宜的come up with （针对问题挑战）提出eke out 竭尽维持生计subsistence level 勉强糊口的生活水平toe-to-toe 面对面的lesson 9Gulf region 海湾国家GCC(Gulf Co-operation Council) 海湾合作委员会IDEX93(1993 International Defense Equipment Exhibition) 1993年国际国防设施展览会to be inclined to do 倾向于想要to riding high to make great successon the spin-off 依靠… 靠… 的支持OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 石油输出国家组织tenders 招标invitation to tender /submission of tender 招标投标Chinese Export Commodities Fair 中国出口商品交易会reexports 再出口certificate of origin 产地证明书sovereignty dispute 主权争端add weight to 扩大影响增强优势spin-off 派生产品副产品sour note 刺耳的音符head off 阻止防止…发生head off a conflict 防止冲突发生carbon tax 双重税press on 不顾困难继续前进on hold 等着carry forward 把（账款）转入下一期run-up 前导期semi-wrought 半成品impose import 征收进口附加税crude oil 原油let through 允许通过come up 出现rear its head 冒头出现up for grabs 供争夺的on the ground 当场lesson 10GATT （the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关税及贸易总协定Uruguay round of GATT talks 关贸总协定乌拉圭回合谈判a series of messy compromises 一系列混乱妥协on a conservative estimate /on one plausible estimate /at a rough estimate 据保守估计/合理估算/粗略估计allow for 考虑到顾及为留余地countervailing duty 反补贴税intellectual property right 知识产权trade in services 服务贸易lobby 院外活动集团economic growth 促进经济发展make sense 讲得通合情合理in prospect 期望重的展望中的wreck the economy 破坏经济a question that has long bedeviled the West 长期以来困扰西方carry one's heart in one's boots 吓得要命焦虑万分mule-headed 顽固的固执的replace …with 代替取代pose a threat 形成一种威胁be in breach of 违反与相违背for the taking 供自由拿取lesson 11the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference 联合国货币金融会议convertible currency 可兑换货币cartel 垄断组织形式dip into 动用（款项）the U.S. department of commerce 美国商务部client state 在经济或政治方面依靠某一大国的附属国prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事hammer out 设计出break down 崩溃horse-soldier 骑兵debt service /interest payment 利息付款provisions 条款tend to 易于往往会part with 花掉stuck with 缠住陷入困境set out 打算take title 取得所有权lesson 12soft drink 软饮料holy war 圣战test market /test marketing 试销市场试销bottler 瓶装商baby-boomer 生育高峰期出生的人coupons 赠券优惠券sleeper 出人意料的成功者爆冷门的人exclusive contract 独家经销合同franchise 特许经营权be spoiling for 一心想切望live up to 负荷达到keep track of 看清跟上进展fill out 凑足补齐pony up (美俚)付清come in for 受到遭到arm-twisting 强迫压力do a little arm-twisting 略施压力settle for 勉强接受lesson 13fast food shops 快餐店USDA (the United States Department of Agriculture) 美国农业部the wet market 出售未加工的肉、鱼、禽蛋的市场account for （在数量比例方面）占promote sales 推销商品luck draw 幸运抽奖lesson 14financial futures 以期货方法进行交易的有价证券securities 有价证券the equity market /equity /common stock ordinary share 一般股票市场/以出售普通股票方法所筹集的公司资金/普通股票the money market /capital market 货币市场资本市场UNCTAD(United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 联合国贸易和发展会议temperate 适中的非极端的the service sector 服务部门export quota system 出口配额制to cope with 妥善处理成功应付dollar-denominated 以美元标价的take its toll 造成损失protectionism 保护（贸易）主义lesson 15Telex /teletypewriter exchange 用户电报电传big bang 大爆炸改革the US budget trade 美国国家预算批准的政府海外采购spot market 现货市场EX-warehouse 仓库交货the previous week's closing level 伦敦五金交易所周末最终交易的价格平均水平closing price 收盘价格terminal prices 期货价格futures market /terminal market 期货市场International Coffee Organization(ICO) 国际咖啡组织the physical market /spot market 现货市场replacement /replenishment 补充库存at origin /at the place of origin 原产地auction 拍卖come in 上涨discount rate 贴现率set in 到来开始in the event 结果到头来the Commonwealth 英联邦（为招揽顾客）亏本出售的商品loss leader白皮书white paper半成品semi-wrought半导体集成电路芯片semiconductor chips半导体技术semiconductor technology半分离的semi-detached保护贸易论者protectionist报关单customs formalities暴发户nouveau riche爆炸性增长explosive growth北美自由贸易协定North America Free-Trade Agreements 被特许人franchisee逼真仿制品close imitation贬值devaluation补偿贸易compensation trade补偿贸易协定补偿协定compensation agreements不变价格constant price不变美元价格constant dollar terms不公平贸易？unfair trade不公正的贸易做法unfair trading practices不管部长minister without portfolio不妥协的谈判者 a tough negotiator布罗肯希尔协定 broken hill agreement部分停止供电brownout仓库ware house产地证明书certificate of origin产权资本equity capital长期贸易协议long-term trade agreement长远的战略long-term strategy常规软饮料regular soft drinks场外货币curb money超级市场supermarket撤消金融管制规定financial deregulation撤销（价格、费用方面的）管制规定deregulation承包人contractor惩罚性进口关税 punitive import tariff出口补贴export subsidy出口导向export-oriented出口配额export quota出口配额制度export quota system出口潜力export potential出口商品展览会 Export Commodity Fair初级产品primary products初级产品primary goods初级商品primary commodity初始主题the opening themes粗略的估计at a rough estimate促进出口boost exports存货清单inventory大爆炸改革Big bang大规模销售活动大中华贸易集团 "great China" trade bloc呆滞dull当地需求local requirements得到进入一个市场的机会（权利）obtain access to a market 底价的原材料bargain-price raw materials定量结果quantifiable results定制customization读者文摘Reader's Digest独家经销合同exclusive contract短期回升 a brief rally短期名义利率short-term nominal interest rates对等价值equivalent value对等贸易countertrade对外借贷foreign borrowing对外贸易额the volume of foreign trade多边规则multilateral rules多边贸易multilateral trade多元经营pluralistic operations反补贴税，抵消关税，（反倾销税）countervailing duty反弹bounce back反倾销关税antidumpling duties反通货膨胀货币政策anti-inflationary monetary policy反通胀政策！deinflationary policies反托拉斯，反垄断anti-trust反向购买counterpurchase反向贸易counter-trade房地产real estate ;real property ;realty非关税壁垒non-tariff barriers非耐用商品soft commodity峰会at the summit meeting服务部门the service sector服务贸易service trade /trade in service附属国client state复印机photocopier副产品，副作用 spin-offs高风险资产risk-weighted assets高技术high-tech / high technology高增长率high rates of growth个人所得税personal income tax/individual income tax工厂现代化plant modernization工人侨汇workers' remittance工业结构industrial structure工业巨头industrial giants公开招标public tender公民复决投票referendum供求模式the pattern of supply and demand供需supply and demand供应短缺supply shortages供应过剩glut of supplies共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy股票交易所the stock exchange股票市场stock market，（the equity market）股权式合资企业 equity joint venture关税；进口税customs duties关税及贸易总协定，关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade，GATT 硅谷Silicon Valley国际财团Consortium国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund国际货币制度the international monetary system国际机构international bodies国际金融机构international financial institution国际收支balance of payments国际营销international marketing国民生产总值Gross national product, GNP国民收入national income国内生产总值Gross Domestic Product, GDP国内需求domestic demand国务委员state councilor国务院State Council国有跨行业公司 a state-owned conglomerate国有企业state-owned enterprises海关关税与税收 customs duties and taxation海湾危机Gulf Crisis合资企业joint venture!合作企业cooperative enterprise合作企业the co-operatives合作者collaborator汇兑制度currency exchange system汇率管理机制the Exchange Rate Mechanism混合经济mixed economy货币储备currency reserve货币交易currency exchange货币流通currency movements货币市场money market货币政策monetary policy基础电子元件basic electronic components基督教科学箴言报the Christian Science Monitor即期与远期外汇 spot and future exchanges集装箱工厂container plant计算机芯片computer chips技术转让technology transfer既得利益vested interests价格坚挺firm price价格上涨price hike价格指数price index减少摩擦to ease frictions贱金属base metals结果consequence金融体制financial system金融危机the financial crisis紧缩计划austerity program进口附加税import surcharge进口汇票import bill进口配额import quotas进口税import duty进口需求import demand进口指标import targets禁运embargo经常项目! current account经纪业务brokerage services经济复苏economic recovery经济改革economic reform经济技术开发区 Economic & Technical Development Zone经济家信息小组 economist intelligence unit经济僵化economic rigidities经济利益economic benefits经济失衡economic imbalances经济衰退economic recession经济特区the Special Economic Zone经济增长economic growth经济作物cash crops经销商（瓶装商）bottler净值net worth竞争优势competitive advantages竞争优势competitive edge举足轻重的经济强国economic heavyweight据保守估计on a conservative estimate据合理的推算on a plausible estimate!据目前估计on current estimate可兑换货币convertible currency可支配收入disposable income克林顿政府the Clinton administration跨行业公司conglomerate快餐店fast food shops宽限期grace period来件组装assembly manufacturing蓝图blueprint利润汇款profit-remittance利息付款debt service /interest payment联合国贸易和发展会议United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 良好的基础设施 good infrastructure临时估算provisional estimate零售retail sale零售市场retail market流动资产liquid assets略施压力do a little arm-twisting伦敦五金交易所 London Metal Exchange马斯特里赫特条约Maastricht Treaty贸易报复trade reprisal贸易壁垒trade barriers贸易差额trade balance, balance of trade贸易代表trade representative贸易顾问 a trade consultant贸易结构structure of trade贸易纠纷trade disputes贸易摩擦trade friction贸易逆差，入超，贸易赤字trade deficit贸易歧视trade discrimination贸易顺差, 贸易盈余, 出超trade surplus贸易谈判trade negotiation贸易条件terms of trade贸易统计数据trade statistics贸易展销会！trade fairs and exhibitions贸易制裁trade sanction贸易自由化trade literalisation每人平均所得per capita income美国贸易谈判代表the US trade representative美国贸易政策US policy on trade美国商务部the U.S. department of commerce秘密配方secret recipe名义美元价nominal dollar terms目前最先进的state-of-the-art内地inner regions牛市与熊市bull market and bear market农业保护farm protection浓缩浆汁syrup concentrate欧共体European Economic Community！欧佩克（石油输出国组织）OPEC欧洲悲观主义Europessimism欧洲大陆European continent欧洲共同体（旧名）European Community欧洲经济共同体，欧共体Eruopean Economic Community欧洲联盟European Union欧洲一体化European integration拍卖auction批发商wholesalers评估，估量；盘货stock-taking破产bankruptcy普通股票common stock, ordinary share七国集团the G-7, the Group of Seven期货市场futures market歧视discrimination契约劳工indentured labor千年回合millennium round前身precursor强硬的政策tough policy勤奋和忠实diligence and sincerity轻工业制品light manufactured items倾销dumping清淡市场quiet market清算协定Clearing Agreements取得所有权take title全国人民代表大会National People's Congress全球化生产global manufacturing雀巢股份有限公司Nestle SA让利profit-taking set人均per capita人均国内生产总值per capita/head GDP(gross domestic products) 人均收入per capita income人口加权增长率 the population-weighted growth rate软饮料soft drink锐步国际有限公司Reebok International Ltd.商会chamber of commerce商品市场commodity market商品指数commodity indexes商业活动中心commercial hub商业银行commercial banks商业周期the business cycle生产成本the costs of production生产过剩surplus produce生产力productive forces生产资料means of production生育高峰期出生的人baby-boomer剩余劳动力surplus labour实际资本capital stock食用蛋类shell eggs使用人licensee世界贸易组织World Trade Organization，WTO世界银行及其附属机构the World Bank and its affiliates 市场导向market oriented, market orientation市场多样化market diversification市场分额market share市场观察者market watcher市场力量market forces试销test marketing试销市场test market收盘价closing price收入差距income gap输送带；传送带 conveyor belt双边关系bilateral pressures双边贸易bilateral trade双边顺差bilateral surplus双边条约！bilateral pacts双重税carbon tax税额优惠tax breaks私营企业private business特别提款权the Special Drawing Right特许经营权franchise特许人franchiser贴现率discount rate通货紧缩deflation统一大市场the Single Market投标to submit tender, submission of tender投机生意speculative business投资基金investment funds突破性的进展breakthrough推销商品promote sales妥协compromise外汇储备foreign-exchange reserves外汇收入foreign exchange earnings外商独资wholly foreign-owned外资独资企业wholly foreign-owned operation乌拉圭回合谈判 the Uruguay round talk无壁垒市场,(自由市场) barrier-free market无偿还能力insolvency无形贸易invisible trade无形贸易收支invisible trade account, invisible account 物质繁荣material prosperity西式餐厅western-style restaurants鲜蛋市场fresh egg market现货市场physical market现货市场spot market相对优势relative advantage削价战price-cutting war消费品customer goods消费物价指数consumer price index消费者consumer萧条depression销售潜力the vast potential sales协议草案the draft agreement新兴工业fledgling industries新兴企业newly-rising enterprises !幸运抽奖luck draw需求不振sluggish demand需求疲软weakness in demand延期付款concessionary finance沿海城市coastal cities一次性包装single-serving box一个闭关自守的国家 a hermit nation一篮子货币basket of currencies一揽子财政计划（方案）fiscal packages一轮成败参半的谈判 a half-successful round以结果为导向的 results-oriented以美元标价的dollar-denominated以期货方法进行交易的有价证券financial futures易货贸易barter trade银行合并merger of banks营销计划marketing programs硬通货hard currency优惠税率（优惠关税2004）preferential tax rate优先权preferred status由减税引发的繁荣tax-cut-induced boom有价证券securities有经验的贸易官员 a veteran trade official有形贸易收支the visible trade account有形贸易收支! visible trade accounts有形贸易余额the visible trade surplus右翼政治家right-wing politicians预期经济增长率 growth target预示foreshadows预算赤字budget deficit原产地证明书certificate of origin原油crude oil援助assistance远东经济评论Far Eastern Economic Review再出口reexports增值税value-added taxes赠券（优惠券） coupons债权人creditor债务调整（作豁免，延期）debt restructuring债务国debtor nations战争费用的支付 war-related payments涨落不定irregular招标invitation to tender,to invite tender,招标tenders征收进口附加税 impose import !证券及房地产市场securities and real estate markets 证券交易所stock exchange!证券投资portfolio investment政府采购government procurement政府投资的商业企业pump-priming operation政治一体化political integration知识产权intellectual property right直接补贴direct subsidies直接投资direct investment指令directive制成品manufactured goods制造商manufacturer质量证书certificate of quality智囊团，顾问班子brain trust中国出口商品交易会Chinese Export Commodities Fair 中小企业small and medium-size businesses中央银行central bank重工业heavy industry重新安排债务的偿还计划debt rescheduling重新配方reformulation竹幕bamboo curtain主权争端sovereignty dispute主张强硬贸易政策的鹰派人物trade hawks专利使用资格licensing requirements转让人licenser资本货物capital goods资本流动capital flow资本市场capital market资本转移capital transfer资本转移部分transfers component资产负债表balance sheet自给自足的self-sufficient自然资源natural resources自由贸易free trade自由贸易区free-trade zone!自由市场barrier-free market !自由市场free market自由市场理论free-market philosophy纵向结合vertical integration走私smuglling最畅销品牌the best-selling brand最大的分额the lion's share最惠国待遇most-favored nation treatment (status) 国民收入national income欧共体EEC( European Economic Community)欧洲共同市场European Common Market欧洲共同体European Community /European Union 最惠国待遇most favored nation treatment(status)正常贸易待遇the normal trade treatment(status)有形贸易收支visible trade account不管部部长minister without portfolio国际收支balance of payments无形贸易收支invisible account经常项目current account中央银行central bank易货贸易barter反向贸易counter-trade来件组装assembly manufacturing合资企业joint venture国际银行及其附属机构the World Bank and its affiliates经济合作与发展织OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) 国际清算银行Bank of International Settlements紧紧跟随在后in the wake of每年per annum赤字逆差in deficit赢余顺差in surplus关税customs duties筹集资金raise funds竹幕铁幕国家bamboo curtain /iron curtain country经济特区The Special Economic Zone (SEZ)实际资本capital stock合作（经营）企业cooperative enterprise外汇储备foreign-exchange reserves技术转让technology transfer外商独资拥有wholly foreign-owned资本货物capital goods消费品consumer goods利润汇款profit-remittance优惠税率preferential tax rate处于统治（或控制）地位in the driver's seat生产资料means of production盘货评估stock-taking全国人民代表大会National People's Congress按人均计算平均Per capita国民生产总值Gross National Product(GNP)惩罚性进口关税 punitive import tariff政权及房地产市场securities and real estate market大中华贸易集团 "Greater China trade bloc高技术高工资经济high-tech ,high-wage economy关税及贸易总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade世界贸易组织WTO/World Trade Organization跨行业公司Conglomerate国际财团Consortium商业活动中心commercial hub优先权preferred status生产力productive forces经济作物cash corps生活水平standard of living剩余劳动力surplus labour国内生产总值GDP(Gross Domestic Product)反通胀政策deinflationary policies商品市场Commodity Market名义（美圆）价 nominal(dollar)terms不变（美圆）价格constant(dollar)terms反通货膨胀货币政策anti-inflationary monetary policy消除国内（民）生产总值通货膨胀因素指数GDP(GNP) deflator由于社会体制或管理制度不完善引起的问题structural problems以不变价格计算的产品价值real output债务调整debt restructuring证券投资direct investment海湾国家the Gulf Countries国内需求domestic demand重新安排债务的偿还计划debt rescheduling由减税引发的繁荣tax-cut-induced boom证券投资portfolio investment工人侨汇worker's remittance美国贸易政策US policy on Trade美国贸易谈判代表the US trade representative以结果为导向的 result-oriented/export-oriented/growth-oriented/market-oriented北美自由贸易协定NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements)政府采购government procurement贸易制裁trade sanctions统一市场the Single Market马斯特里赫特条约（欧洲联盟条约）Maastricht Treaty自由贸易区free-trade zone大爆炸big bang自由市场（无壁垒市场）barrier-free market白皮书White Paper乌拉圭回合贸易谈判Uruguay round of trade talks财政一揽子计划 fiscal packages商业周期the business cycle以出口为目的export-driven贸易差额trade balance贸易制裁trade sanctions贸易报复trade reprisal既得利益vested interests倾销dumping转让人licenser市场力量market force一个闭关自守的国家 a hermit nation新兴工业fledgling industries石油输出国家组织OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)招标Tenders招标投标invitation to tender /submission of tender中国出口商品交易会Chinese Export Commodities Fair再出口reexports产地证明书certificate of origin主权争端sovereignty dispute征收进口附加税 impose import关税及贸易总协定GATT （the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）关贸总协定乌拉圭回合谈判Uruguay round of GATT talks据保守估计/合理估算/粗略估计on a conservative estimate /on one plausible estimate /at a rough estimate反补贴税countervailing duty知识产权intellectual property right服务贸易trade in services联合国货币金融会议the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference可兑换货币convertible currency利息付款debt service /interest payment取得所有权take title试销市场试销 test market /test marketing独家经销合同exclusive contract特许经营权franchise推销商品promote sales有价证券securities一般股票市场/以出售普通股票方法所筹集的公司资金/普通股票the equity market /equity /common stock ordinary share货币市场资本市场the money market /capital market服务部门the service sector出口配额制export quota system以美元标价的dollar-denominated保护（贸易）主义protectionism大爆炸改革big bang美国国家预算批准的政府海外采购the US budget trade 现货市场spot market收盘价格closing price期货价格terminal prices期货市场futures market /terminal market现货市场the physical market /spot market原产地at origin /at the place of origin拍卖auction贴现率discount rate英联邦the Commonwealth。
最新外刊经贸知识选读-每课重要知识点-串讲-课文翻译第3课--中国的开放经济
第3课中国的开放经济Beijing RisingChina’s emergence as an economic heavyweight after more than a decade of fast growth makes it likely to supplant Japan as the West’s main trade worry in AsiaBy Frank Gibney Jr. 经过十多年的快速发展，中国作为举足轻重的经济强国的出现，使得中国有可能取代日本，而成为西方在亚洲的主要贸易对手。
If there is a road to China’s future, Highway 204 out of Shanghai is it.Along its two dusty lanes, local trucks and buses jockey with Cadillacs driven by financiers from Taiwan and Hong Kong investors.Migrant workers crowd the narrow shoulders. Factories line the highway, producing sneakers, toys, plastics, clothes, aircraft components and medical equipment.Eventually industry gives way to ricefields, which is being dug up to build still more factories.Cranes turn overhead as dump trucks and cement mixers nose onto the road.Outside the town of Jiading, one tractor-trailer leaves Asia’s largest container plant every three minutes, carrying goods bound for the Shanghai docks.The traffic on Highway 204 is so thick that the trip from Shanghai to Zhangjiagang –only 115 kilometers away –takes five hours.如果有一条通向中国未来的路，那就是穿越上海的204国道。
外刊经贸知识选读试题答案
自考外刊经贸知识选读真题答案课程代码：00096一、单项选择题(本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分)在每题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多项选择或未选均无分。
1. There’s not much prospect of Mr Smith’s being elected as Congressman. ( )A. abilityB. possibilityC. capabilityD. specialty2. The Islamic Development Bank (IDB) is to pay out $356 million for project financing and trade operations. ( )A. disburseB. displayC. demonstrateD. distribute3. China has the most dynamic economy in the world today. ( )A. motiveB. passiveC. activeD. massive4. The expert argued that China could surpass both Japan and the United States to become the world largest economy in 202X. ( )A. expendB. extendC. expandD. exceed5. His robust strength was a counterpoise to the disease. ( )A. vigorousB. excessiveC. moderateD. lackluster6. There is an amazing amount of economic friction up and down the real estate industry.( )A. flashB. clashC. brushD. crash7. It is evident that China’s economy is one of the fastest growing in the world. ( )A. cleanB. flatC. clearD. dour8. The Government Printing Office provides free public access to full-text federal documents. ( )A. excessB. exitC. extraD. entry9. The news slowly passed through to everyone in the office. ( )A. filteredB. rivetedC. formedD. delved10. The only sour note has been struck by new energy tax proposals in the US and the EC. ( )A. introductionsB. destinationsC. accommodationsD. suggestions11. US protectionist measures helped wreck the world economy in the 1930s. ( )A. diminishB. deliverC. destroyD. detatch12. Make-up experts steer girls toward light colors, fragrances. ( )A. tendB. guideC. endureD. strain13. The advertisement itself will pull your attention and immediately you will feel that you need it for your lifestyle. ( )A. segmentB. trademarkC. reformulationD. commercial14. The Chinese, who constitute 95 per cent of Hong Kong’s population, prefer brown eggs over white. ( )A. composeB. competeC. combineD. compile15. Generally, the first stage in the extraction of crude oil is to drill a well into the underground reservoir. ( )A. grimB. strictC. rawD. severe二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1 分，共10分〕16. exclusive contract 17. current account18. clearing agreement 19. per capita income20. barrier-free market 21. carbon tax22. real estate 23. test market24. intellectual property right 25. business cycle三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. 供给过剩 27. 收盘价28. 初级产品 29. 市场份额30. 双边条约 31. 产地证明书32. 中国出口商品交易会 33. 资本货物34. 优先权 35. 直接投资四、简答题〔本大题共6小题，共18分〕Passage 1In 1961, when Gen. Park Chung Hee seized power in a military coup, yearly per capita income hovered at a bare-bones $100. Park committed Korea to exporting its way out of poverty, and his strategy was as simple as it was effective: shower the country’s fledging conglomerates with huge subsidies, government-based loans and official favors and turn them into the world’s suppliers of bargain-basement textiles, footwear and light industrial goods.The results have been dazzling. For two decades, Korea has sizzled along at an 8 per cent annual growth rate. Exports have surged from $119 million in 1964 to $29 billion last year. Per capita income, now $2,000, could reach $5,000 by the end of the century. Korea boasts a literacy rate of 95 per cent, a standard met by only a few of the most advanced Western nations. The once provincial capital of Seoul teems with energy and sophistication.36. What do “hover〞and “ba re-bones〞 mean in the passage37. Which countries in the world besides Korea have a literacy rate of 95 per cent38. In what sense is the underlined word “sophistication〞 used here What might it refer to specifically and what does it have to do with energyPassage 2International trade by barter is, in fact, an inefficient and expensive means of doing business compared to trading with money. Observes David Yoffie, “To cover the additional costs it incurs in handling goods it is forced to take in countertrade, a multinational company simply boosts the price of the goods it sells.〞Yoffie sees countertrade as a form of protectionism. “It can help one group and hurt another,〞 he says.On the other hand, Daniel Cecchin, director of Countertrade Services for Bank America World Trade Corp., asserts that the rise of countertradeprovides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system.39. What is the meaning of “barter〞 in its traditional form40. In what sense is countertrade seen as a form of protectionism41. According to Cecchin, what is the benefit of countertrade五、正误推断题〔本大题共10小题，每题2分，共20分〕Passage 1The term “quality〞 is one of the most misused in the business world. What exactly does it mean Our grandparents would have been in no doubt. Quality meant excellence: a thing was the best of its kind, and that was that.In business, however, the word has acquired a very different meaning: consistency, a lack of defects.Around 1970, it is said, a group of investment analysts visited a world-famous UK engineering company. They asked the questions of their trade: about profit margins, stock control and balance sheets. The company’s executives did not see the point of all this. Their products were the finest inthe world. Why all these detailed questions about numbersRolls Royce, the company in question, duly went bust in 1973. The trouble with old-style quality was that it encouraged supply-driven management. The engineers would make the product to the highest possible standard and price it accordingly. If the public was so uncultured that they turned it down, so much the worse for the public. It was all very well for artists to produce masterpieces. The job of companies was to please the market.Quality has a third meaning: that of value for money. To qualify for that meaning, a product must be of certain standard; and it should convey a sense, not of outright cheapness, but of being sold at a fair price.The US fast foods group McDonald’s, for instance, talks of its ‘high quality food’. But at 99c or 99p, its hamburgers are as close to absolute cheapness as any person in the developed world could desire. They are alsohighly consistent. Eat a McDonald’s anywhere around the world and the results will be roughly similar. But as anyone who has eaten a really good American hamburger knows, a McDonald’s is also a long way from quality in its original sense.42. Quality used to mean that a product was well-made and high-priced. ( )43. Nowadays, quality means consistency and cheap price. ( )44. The investment analysts who visited a UK engineering company were from Rolls Royce.( )45. Companies should learn from artists and produce masterpieces. ( )46. The writer thinks that McDonald’s hamburgers a re not worth the money. ( )Passage 2The numbers are surprising: millions of people getting off poverty in a generation, billions of dollars in wealth created every year. In the past two decades, two out of five Indonesians escaped poverty. Asian exports went from less than one-seventh of the world total to almost 30%. No wonder people call it the Asian Economic Miracle. But to the workers and 14-hour-a-day entrepreneurs, it was nothing magical. Just plain hard work, business sense, a taste for risks, and a bit of luck.Today, China, Japan, India, Indonesia and South Korea are among the world’s 12 largest economies. High-profile Asian businesses like Toyota, Samsung, Hongkong Bank and Singapore Airlines are now also global giants. And the growth formula of enterprise, investment and exports has crossed borders and waters. China and other socialist economies of Asia are following the trail blazed by Japan, the newly industrialized countries (NICs) and ASEAN.Now Asia is re-inventing the miracle. The affluent middle class created by the boom is taking over from exports as the main engine of growth. Also adding to the thrust is infrastructure spending to support future expansion. Asian investment and trade are developing new markets and production centers right inside Asia. Japan and the NICs are passing labor-intensive sectors like garment-making over to less developed nations and moving into advanced technology and services.Greater wealth has brought a down side. Many Asians have abandoned their traditional diets for many types of fat-laden foods. So, in addition to becoming taller, they are also becoming fatter. And they are growing more susceptible to diseases such as diabetes. Bad eating habits combined with stress have made cancer, heart disease and strokes into major killers.47. The workers and entrepreneurs in Asia work 14 hours a day. ( )48. The economic development modes of the Asian countries are very different. ( )49. The two driving forces of the new cycle of development in Asia are the rich middle class and infrastructure spending. ( )50. The newly-industrialized countries are moving away from the labor-intensive sweatshops to the computer-aided workplaces. ( )51. One of the next challenges Asia will face is to cope with the down side of wealth. ( )六、翻译题〔本大题12分〕52. Once, when Japan faced pressure from abroad, it would either give in reluctantly or keep quiet and hope that the fuss would die down. No longer, it seems. The Clinton administration strongly believes in exerting such pressure. Its policy is to open some Japanese markets by setting import target—an approach to trade policy that supporters call “results-oriented〞. This ugly term foreshadows uncertain consequences. Far from capitulating to this newthrust of American trade policy, Japan is taking a stand that could lead to a trans-Pacific confrontation.外刊经贸知识选读真题答案及评分参考一、单项选择题〔本大题共15小题，每题2分，共30分〕1. B2. A3. C4. D5. A6. B7. C8. D9.A 10. D 11. C 12.B 13. D 14. A 15. C二、将以下词组译成中文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕16. 独家经销合约 17. 经常工程 18. 清算协议 19. 人均收入 20. 无壁垒市场 21. 双重税22. 房地产 23. 试销市场 24. 知识产权 25. 商业周期三、将以下词组译成英文〔本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分〕26. glut of supplies 27. closing level/closing price 28.soft commodity 29. market share30. bilateral pacts 31. certificate of origin 32. Chinese Export Commodity Fair 33. capital goods34. preferred status 35. direct investment四、简答题〔本大题共 6小题，共 18分〕36.“Hover〞means “stay〞. “Bare-bones〞means “very low〞 or “inadequate〞. (2分)37. Only a few of the most advanced Western nations. (2分)38. In the given context, it means the advancement of technology. (2分)It refers specifically to their (technically) modernized municipal facilities, which helps give people the impression that it’s a place full of “energy〞. (3分)39. It means the direct exchanging of goods of equivalent value rather than using money. (3分)40. Countertrade involves conditional buying or allows no free choice in importing. That’s both against competition and free trade. (3分)41. It provides practical solutions to the debt problems of the international monetary system. / I can relieve the massive debts of developing countries. (3分)五、正误推断题。
外刊经贸知识选读
外刊经贸知识选读《外刊经贸知识选读》一、术语manufactured goods制成品capital goods资本货物balance of payments国际收支current account经常项目有形贸易项目 visible trade account无形贸易项目 invisible trade account 贸易顺差 trade surplus 贸易逆差trade deficit易货贸易 barter 补偿贸易易 compensation trade 反向贸易 counter-trade 组装生产 assembly manufacturing 工商统一税industrial and commercial consolidated tax 合资企业 joint venture 延期付款 deferred payment 买方信贷 buyer credit 卖方信贷 supplier credit 软贷款 (低息贷款) soft loan 最惠国待遇 MFNtreatment (Most Favored nation treatment)永久性正常贸易关系 PNTR(Permanent Normal Trading Relations) 国民收入NI(National Income)国民生产总值 GNP(Gross National Product) 国内生产总值 GDP(Gross Domestic Product) 国际复兴和开发银行 IBRD(International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) 国际开发协会 IDA(International Development Association) 国际金融公司IFC(International Finance Comporation)经济合作和发展组织 OECD(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)国际清算银行 BIS(Bank for International Settlement) 欧洲经济共同体EEC(European Economic Community) 欧洲联盟 EU(European Union) 外商直接投资 FDI(Foreign Direct Investment)二、词语释义:substantially : dramatically， significantly， considerablysubsequently: afterwardsexacerbate: deteriorate， worsen; aggravate; make worsewithdraw: cancellationtheme: principlein return for: in exchange fordisrupt: interruptdestined: designedpronounced: markedin the wake of: following; after with undue: too much; unbearable reverse: change to the oppositebuoyant: briskoutcome: resultboost: stimulate; promote; developrecover: reboundfacilitate: make easyrun-down: reduction mount exhibitions: hold exhibitions insofar as: to the extent bottlenecks: obstacles三、句子翻译1. During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East Europeancountries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country‘s industrialization programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.20世纪50年代，中国向前苏联和东欧各国出口农产品以换取制成品和国家的工业化计划所要求的资本设备，而国家的工业化计划则强调重工业的发展。
外刊经贸知识选读_课_带中文翻译_(5)
旺旺英语Lesson 5 U.S. Is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen美国已做好准备任凭其贸易关系恶化By Peter BehrWashington Post Service 1. WASHINGTON—The Clinton administration is drawing the first lines of a tougher U.S. policy on trade, signaling to Europe and Japan that it will demand fairer treatment for American exports and is prepared to see relationships with U.S. trading partners get worse before they get better.克林顿政府正计划推行强硬的贸易政策路线，由此向欧洲和日本发出信号要求其更为公正的对待美国的出口，同时也表示美国政府已做好准备对待贸易关系恶化而非改善的状况。
2. The strongest signal came last week, when Mickey Kantor, the U.S. trade representative, moved quickly to cite the 12-nation European Community for “intolerable” discrimination against U.S. companies seeking government contracts within the Community. The administration will begin retaliating in six weeks if EC policies remain unchanged, Mr. Kantor said.美国贸易代表Mickey Kantor在上周发出了最为强烈的信号，他对欧共体12国限制美国公司参与欧洲政府采购计划迅速做出反应，认为这种做法是“不可忍受”的，并且警告说如果欧洲在六周之内不改变其现有做法那么美国将会采取报复性措施。
外刊经贸知识选读
外刊经贸知识选读全真一英译汉1.the Special Drawing Right 特别提款权2.OPEC 石油输出国组织3.coastal cities 沿海城市4.trade sanctions 贸易制裁5.the state apparatus 国家机器ernment procurement 政府采购7.free-trade-zone 自由贸易区pensation trade 补偿贸易9.White Paper 白皮书10.consumer goods 日用消费品汉译英1.贸易谈判trade negotiation2.跨行业公司conglomerate3.不公平贸易unfair trade4.欧洲一体化European integration5.政府津贴state subsidy6.经济衰退economic recession7.招标invite tender8.撤销金融管制规定financial deregulation9.供应过剩glut of supplies10.金融危机financial crisis全真(二）英译汉1.state-run enterprises 国营企业2.trade fairs and exhibitions 贸易展销会3.primary production 初级产品4.European Community 欧洲共同体5.austerity program 紧缩计划6.risk-weighted assets 高风险资产7.market regulation 市场调查8.equivalent value 对等价值9.supermarket 超级市场10.protectionism 保护主义汉译英1.外汇收入foreign exchange income2.供求模式the pattern of supply and demand3.活期账户current account4.时髦词语buzzword5.股票市场stock market6.补偿贸易协定compensation trade agreement7.质量证书certificate of quality8.期货futures9.仓库交货Ex-warehouse10.拍卖auction全真（三）英译汉1.b arter 易货贸易2.cooperative enterprise 合作经营企业3.punitive import tariff 惩罚性进口关税4.consortium 国际财团5.hard currency 硬通货6.deinflationary policies 反通胀政策7.licenser 转让费8.market forces 市场力量9.exclusive contract 独家经销合同10.discount rate 贴现率汉译英1.非耐用商品soft commodity2.经济技术开发区ETDZ(Economic & Technical Development Zone)3.贸易顺差trade surpuls4.个人所得税personal income tax5.无偿还能力insolvency6.软饮料soft drink7.收盘价closing price8.现货市场spot market9.出口配额制export quota system10.快餐店fast food shops。
外刊经贸知识选读重点词汇与课后答案
Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade(中国的对外贸易)重点词组：1、link 连接（这里为往来2、pattern 模式、结构*3、substantially 相当大的、重大的*4、in return for 作为…地交换5、manufactured goods 工业产品6、capital equipment 资本设备7、industrialization programme 工业项目8、heavy industry 重工业9、produced gains in 从… 中获利*10、economic imbalances 经济失衡11、national income 国民收入12、contract 收缩、下降13、aid 援助14、shift away form …towards 从…转移到…*15、consistent theme 一贯的主题16、strong emphasis placed on 强调、重视17、trade relating 贸易往来18、fell sharply 急剧下降（下滑）19、grown rapidly 迅速增长*20、sign in 签订21、in the wake of 在…之后22、normalization of diplomatic relations 外交关系正常化23、come into force 生效*24、most-favored nation treatment最惠国待遇25、accounted for 占……*26、category 种类*27、item 项目28、US dollar value of 以美元计算的29、increased at an average rate of 平均以……比率增长 *30、per annum 每年31、visible trade surplus 有形贸易余额32、rise sharply 迅速上升、猛增*33、play a major role 起重要作用*34、undue strain 沉重负担35、a net grain exporter 粮食净出口国*36、pattern 模式*37、reverse 逆转，相反38、jump 暴涨*39、visible trade account 有形贸易收支40、in deficit 赤字、逆差*41、buoyant 趋于上升*42、attribute to 归因于……43、re-reported 再出口*44、leading 最主要的*45、decline 下降、减少*46、supplier 供应者*47、industrial country 工业化国家48、expect 期望*49、boost 推动、提高*50、recovered strongly 很大恢复*51、introducing advanced technology of 向…引进先进技术*52、sophistication 精密、尖端53、invisible account 无形贸易收支54、balance of payments 国际收支55、earnings 收益、收入*56、current account 经常项目57、in surplus 处于顺差、有盈余*58、reserves 储备、储量*59、the balance 收支平衡*余额60、specializes in 专门从事*61、balance 平衡*62、earnings and requirements 收入和需求63、run-down 减少、缩减*64、as a means of 作为65、international economic co-operation 国际经济合作66、mount 举行、进行67、trade fairs 商品展销会68、practice 惯例69、compensation trade 补偿贸易70、raw materials 原材料71、in return 作为报答72、barter 易货贸易73、counter-trade 反向贸易74、a series of 一系列75、designed to 旨在76、joint venture 合资企业77、The China International Trust Investment Corporation(CITIC)中国国际信托投资公司78、transfer 转让*79、for the time being 目前、暂时80、direct investment 直接投资81、access 接近的机会、享用权*82、the international capital markets 国际资本市场83、commercial terms 商业条件84、compile 收集、汇集85、OECD 经济合作和发展组织86、Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行87、bulk 绝大部分、主体88、in the short-term 从短期来看89、over the longer term 从长期来看90、representative offices 办事处三、课后问题：1、What’s the meaning of “the pattern of China’s foreign trade”?“The pattern of China’s foreign trade” refers c hiefly(主要的) to the commodity structure of China’s foreign trade and her trade partnership with the world.2、What kind of clause is introduced by “when” in the sentence of the third paragraph, section 1? An adverbial (状语) clause or an attributive (定语) one?An attributive clause3、“Official recognition that foreign technology could play a major role in modernizing the Chinese economy had caused imports to rise by more than 50 per cent in 1978 placing undue strain （过度负担）on the national economy.”(中国政府认识到，国外技术对本国经济现代化作用重大，这使1978年中国的进口额增长了50%以上，结果国民经济背上了沉重的负担。
最新4月全国自考外刊经贸知识选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年4月自学考试外刊经贸知识选读试题课程代码：00096请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上一、Choose one answer that best explains the underlined part of the following sentences.（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
1. Owing to the financial crisis, economic problems were exacerbated all over the world.A. deterioratedB. improvedC. enlargedD. transformed2. The authorities are willing to permit a run-down in the country’s international reserves over the next few years.A. run awayB. reductionC. enhancementD. downward3. Figures show that the bulk of our foreign obligations consist of non-bank trade-related credits.A. investmentsB. profitsC. revenuesD. debts4. Foreign investors want to enjoy the same tax status as the domestic ones.A. treatmentB. declineC. supportD. objection5. More than a decade of fast growth makes China to supplant Japan as West’s main trade worry in Asia.A. exceedB. replaceC. agreeD. defeat6. Many governments have promised to take measures to help the unemployed.A. actionB. sizeC. degreeD. care17. Discrimination against goods from foreign countries is prohibited by WTO.A. equalityB. fairnessC. different treatmentD. strict policy8. America’s embrace of the free-trade agreements balanced all the criticism from the developing countries.A. suggestionB. insistenceC. oppositionD. acceptance9. Because of the mutual benefits no one would take a breach of those law lightly.A. offenceB. obedienceC. strikeD. rest10. Economists reckon Japanese bilateral trade surplus with America is also growing rapidly.A. recognizeB. calculateC. predictD. suggest11. Korea’s ambitious plans include a wholesale revamping of the country’s basic industries.A. reconstructingB. retractingC. releasingD. reverting12. Even the well established consultants are finding it hard to secure definitive lucrative projects.A. profitableB. reasonableC. safeD. risky13. Japanese managers act more like western managers, putting profits before their firm’s marketshare.A. opportunityB. prospectC. protectionD. part14. In the U.S. soft drink industry is dominated by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.A. competedB. balancedC. madeD. controlled15. Investment funds have moved out of commodities and into liquid assets.A. in the form of waterB. movingC. easily changed into cashD. clear二、Put the following phrases into English.（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）2请将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置上。
外刊经贸知识选读The Development of EU
4. 这两家公司在考虑合并的可能性。
2. integration：,inti'greiʃən n. a situation where two or more companies work
Unit 6 The Development of EU
• Vocabulary • Terminology (Technical Expressions) • Language Prger：mə:dʒə 2. n. joining together 并入，兼并
Generally, this work shall be finished before the annual closing of final accounts. 一般这种工作应在年度结算完结前完成。
10. import quota：im'pɔ:t'kwəutə n. limit on the number or type of goods brought
breach：bri:tʃ
2〕vt. to break the rule or agreement 违约
This agreement shall terminate, if the consignee shall breach any of the terms herein contained.
如果承销人违反合同中之任一条款，本合同自行 终止。
我们抢在同行的前头先把货物送进商店。
4. soar：sɔ: vt. rise quickly 快速增长
Price soared when war broke out. 战争爆发时，物价飞涨。
2024年自考-自考专业(国贸)-外刊经贸知识选读考试历年真题常考点试题5带答案
2024年自考-自考专业(国贸)-外刊经贸知识选读考试历年真题常考点试题带答案（图片大小可任意调节）第1卷一.单选题(共20题)1.Our teachers made us ________a lot of homework after school.A.to doB.doingC.doD.to have done until seven o clock.2.We Chinese people should __________ that China is just like a dragon proud and powerful.A.proveB.makeC.testD.present3.He came into the classroom_________.A.very upsetB.being upsetC.to upsetD.to be upset4.The storm died away at last with the golden waves __________ the shore in peace.A.beatB.to beatC.beatingD. beaten5.—Shall we go outing this weekend?A.to doB. doingC.doneD. do6.You __________ put your computer in your bedroom.A.don ’ t needB.had not betterC.had better notD.ought not7.--- Have you moved into the new house? --- Not yet. The rooms __________.A.are paintingB.are being paintedC.are paintedD.have painted8.We ________in the neighborhood.A. happened beingB. happened beC.happened to beD.are happened to be9.I don ’ t want to buy the sweater because I don ’ t like the color. __________, it is too expensive.A.ExceptB.Except forC.HoweverD.Besides10.— How are you today? —Oh, I __________ as ill as I do now for a long time.A.didn ’ t feelB.didn ’ t feelC. wasn’ t feelingD.don ’ t feel11.This is the first time that I_________ at the meeting.A. had spokenB. have spokenC.amD. wasA.came aboutB. came outC. came alongD.came across13.Mr White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn ’ t show up.A.should have arrivedB.should arriveC.should be arrivingD.arrived14.I __________ the movie, but now I hardly remember it. Can you remind me of its name?A.may seeB. can seeC. may have seenD. can ’ t have seen15.His whole school education ________ only 2 years because of his illness.A.added upB.added up inC. added up toD.was added up16.At this moment the bell rang, ________ the end of class.A.announcedB.. having announcedC.announcingD.to announce17.Our teacher __________ us to practise our spoken English as often as possible.A.hopesB.suggestsC.advisesD.lets18.The number of tall buildings __________ greatly in Tianjin in the last few years.A.is increasingB.has increasedC.are increasedD. have increasedA.changeB.growC.becomeD.stay20.Are you _________ your classmates well?A.getting alongB.get long withC.getting long withD.getting along with life in the country.第2卷一.单选题(共20题)1.Mary ’ s pronunciation is much better than __________ in her class.A.anyone ’sB.a nyone ’ s elseC.anyone else ’sD.anyone else2.You should try to write __________ eve n when you ’ re busy. As you know, practice makes perfect.A.now and thenB.more or lessC.sooner or laterD.here and there3.For some reason, it __________ all day over the two weeks.A.rainedB.rainsC.was rainingD.has been raining4.Mr. Smith is in good health now for it is quite a long time since he __________.A.not smokedD.began to smoke5.The shop _________ until 7 o ’ clock.A. stays openedB.continues openC. stays openD. continues opened6.The world ’ s smallest baby, a __________ girl weighed just 24 grams when she was born .A.three monthsB.three-month-oldC.three months oldD.three-months-old7.Wood is often _________ paper.ed to makinged to makeed to be madeed making8.I want your_________, sir. I don t know what to do.A.advicesB.piece of advicesC.adviceD.advise9.She would rather have a room __________ than sleep with her sister.A.on her ownB.of her ownC.of hersD. for her10.One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain __________ good knowledge of basic word formation.A./B.theC.aD.one11.John said he would pay __________ second visit to China __________ next month.A.the; /D.a; /12.I _________when I was a young girl.A.kept a diaryB.wrote a diaryC.made diariesD.kept diaries13.Where was __________ you met with the famous scientist?A.it thatB.itC.the placeD.there14.—It ’ s a warm day, isn —’ Yes, t it? it ’ s __________ cold. I just wear a jacket.A.not a bitB.a bitC.a littleD. not a little15.—You look very pale. You __________ very tired. —I didn ’ t sleep at all last night.A.must beB. must have beenC.can beD.can have been16.An A4 sized panel ( 太阳能板 ) put onto the back of a jacket costs __________ US$15. It could __________ a cellphone during a summer walk.A.at most; workB.at least; controlC.at least; fuelD.at most; charge17.I don't know_________.A.how can I finish my homework on timeB.how I could finish my homework on timeC.I can how finish my homework on the timeD.how I can finish my homework on time18.Will you _________ playing basketball?C. join us toD. to join us19.America is an __________ country. You can hear __________ everywhere.A.English-spoken; English speakingB.English-speaking; English spokenC.speaking-English; English spokenD.spoken-English; English speaking20.The speech is strongly impressed ________ my memory.A.toB.overC.byD.on第1卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： C2.参考答案： A3.参考答案： A4.参考答案： C5.参考答案： A7.参考答案： B8.参考答案： C9.参考答案： D10.参考答案： B11.参考答案： B12.参考答案： A13.参考答案： A14.参考答案： C15.参考答案： C16.参考答案： C17.参考答案： C18.参考答案： B20.参考答案： D第2卷参考答案一.单选题1.参考答案： C2.参考答案： A3.参考答案： D4.参考答案： B5.参考答案： B6.参考答案： B7.参考答案： B8.参考答案： C10.参考答案： C11.参考答案： C12.参考答案： A13.参考答案： A14.参考答案： A15.参考答案： A16.参考答案： D17.参考答案： D18.参考答案： A19.参考答案： B20.参考答案： D。
2020年10月00096外刊经贸知识选读真题及答案
一、单项选择题：本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分。
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个可以替代句中划线的单词或词组，请将其选出并将答题卡（纸）的相应代码涂黑。
错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。
1. Whenever there is shortage of any specific goods，we'll replace by other goods with equivalent value.A. sameB. extraC. highD. low2. The slump in consumer confidence has created panic in the stock market.A. slow-downB. go-aheadC. drop-offD. speed-up3. The progress in European integration provides a solid underpinning for Europe's future development.A. theoryB. criticC. explanationD. basis4. Our country will achieve a state of law and order that we all aspire to.A. learn fromB. long forC. start upD. cope with5. If those systems are of high quality，your business will have an edge on the competitors.A. advantageB. pressureC. threatD. border6. Our economic relationship with China adds $2,400 per annum to every household through exports and investment.A. forevery shareB. for every yearC. for everyoneD. for every country7. We drew lessons from other countries about risk management in the wake of the financial crisis last year.A. betweenB. afterC. beforeD. during8. The American goverment avoided a direct confrontation with China on the currency issue.A. negotiationB. contactC. compromiseD. fight9. During the process of globalization，the enterprises should take measures to reduce the pollical risks.A. accountB. sizesC. actionsD. care10. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is supporting the efforts of some U.S. lawmakers to end the trade embargo on Cuba.A. relationB. freedomC. prohibitionD. dispute11. Some politicians accuse the U.S. of deliberately wrecking such agreement.A. supportingB. destroyingC. opposingD. pushing12. Officials in China are urging eligible couples to have two children because of concerns over an ageing population.A. qualifiedB. urbanC. powerfulD. wealthy13. China's average tariff level has dropped to 5% now as the country fulfills its commitments to the WTO.A. outputB. employmentC. salaryD. tax14. For the past ten years，Japan has been virtually at a standstill while a number of countries promoted bilateral economic partnerships.A. prosperityB. stagnationC. deteriorationD. stability15. We believe the reduction should be easily offset by the unexpected increase in investment growth.A. increasedB. cutC. maintainedD. compensated二、判断题：本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分。
外刊经贸知识选读习题集及答案
《外刊经贸知识选读》习题集I. INTERNA TIONAL TRADE一、翻译-中译英1. 一个国家贸易规模的相对大小经常通过该国的出口金额占其国内生产总值的比例来衡量。
2. 最重要的海运单据是提单。
它首先是发货人与船公司之间的一种合约；其次是收到货物的收据；第三是所有权单证。
3. 典型的信用证可能要求以下单证：发票、提单、海运保险单、装箱单、磅码单、检验证书及产地证。
4. 国际贸易是一个国家所生产的商品和服务和另一个国家所生产的商品和服务之间的交换。
5. 海关同中央银行紧密地合作，以确保货物只能按照现行的管理条例进口或出口。
二、翻译-英译中1. The issuing bank examines the draft and documents upon receipt, to ensure that the documents conform to the letter of credit. If anything is wrong, the discrepancies are subject to acceptance by the buyer.2. Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. They confirm the ex works cost of a consignment.3. “Ex works” means that the seller delivers when he places the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the seller’s premises or another named p lace not cleared for export and not loaded on any collecting vehicle.4. “Free Carrier” means that the seller delivers the goods, cleared for export, to the carrier nominated by the buyer at the named place.5. “Cost, Insurance and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail in the port of shipment.6. “Delivered Ex Ship” means that the seller delivers when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship not cleared for import at the named port of destination.三、阅读-归纳Passage 1Chinese trade officials remain alarmed at the extent of the abuse of trade compensatory measures against China, although the number of anti-dumping investigations involving China has actually dropped. China remains the world’s largest vic tim of the abuse of anti-dumping measures with 27 investigations having been started into its exports in the latter half of last year, according to latest data from the World Trade Organization (WTO). The large number was partly because China’s exports grew extraordinarily quickly last year against the backdrop of gloomy world economic outlook, said Chinese trade officials. The abuse of anti-dumping measures against China has started to fall as the number was down from 29 investigations into Chinese exports in the latter of 2001, indicated WTO data. Chinese trade officials said China’s WTO membership helped deter foreign countries from discriminatory actions against China. The decrease was also a result of the hard work of the Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export under the Ministry of Commerce, they said. The bureau, set up immediately after China’s WTO entry in late 2001, has done a lot inhelping domestic companies respond to foreign anti-dumping charges and refraining from vicious price competitions in international market. Officials with the bureau had expected the number of anti-dumping cases involving China would rapidly increase this year, with regard to big growth in Chinese exports last year and reviving international trade protectionism.1. Make a brief summary on the present situation of anti-dumping measures against China.2. Make a brief summary on the reasons which cause the large number of anti-dumping measures against China.3. Make a brief summary on the reasons which lead to the decreased number of anti-dumping measures against China.4. Make a brief summary on the function of Fair Trade Bureau for Import and Export in respond to risk of exportation.Passage 2In January, the United States imported more than $1.2 billion in textiles and apparel from China, up from about $701 million a year ago. Imports of major apparel products from China jumped 546 percent. Last January, for example, China shipped 941,000 cotton knit shirts, which were limited by quotas; this January, it shipped 18.2 million, a 1,836 percent increase. Imports of cotton knit trousers were up 1,332 percent from a year ago. These figures may be understated because China ships a large part of its goods through Hong Kong, and those shipments are not included. Fears that China is going to flood the world market with cheap textile exports have already inflamed tensions between Washington and Beijing because of worries about American manufacturing plants being closed and thousands of jobs being lost. Already, in January, the first month after global quotas were lifted, 12,200 jobs were lost in the United States apparel and textile industries, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some analysts have predicted that China could capture as much as 70 percent of the American market in the next two years. Before the end of quotas, about 16 percent of apparel sold in the United States came from China. Last year, the United States trade deficit with China set a record of $162 billion, making it the largest trade imbalance ever recorded by the United States with a single country. To be sure, some textile importers say this phenomenon may be a one-time surge. Companies, for instance, may have put off shipping goods at the end of last year to avoid the quotas.5. Make a brief summary on the development of textiles imports to the United States from China after the end of quota.6. Make a brief summary on the connection between the end of quota and unemployment in the United States.7. Make a brief summary on the impact of the end of quota on the economy and society of United States.Passage 3International trade is, in principle, not different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more costly than domestic trade. The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with country differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as capital and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to alesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. Trade in goods and services can serve as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Instead of importing a factor of production, a country can import goods that make intensive use of that factor of production and thus embody it. An example is the import of labor-intensive goods by the United States from China. Instead of importing Chinese labor, the United States imports goods that were produced with Chinese labor. One report in 2010 suggested that international trade was increased when a country hosted a network of immigrants, but the trade effect was weakened when the immigrants became assimilated into their new country.8. Make a brief summary on the definition of international trade.9. Make a brief summary on the difference between international trade and domestic trade.10. Make a brief summary on the reason that the United States imports labor-intensive goodsfrom China.四、阅读-答问A standard, commercial letter of credit (LC) is a document issued mostly by a financial institution, used primarily in trade finance, which usually provides an irrevocable payment undertaking.The letter of credit can also be payment for a transaction, meaning that redeeming the letter of credit pays an exporter. Letters of credit are used primarily in international trade transactions of significant value, for deals between a supplier in one country and a customer in another. In such cases, the International Chamber of Commerce Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits applies (UCP 600 being the latest version).The parties to a letter of credit are usually a beneficiary who is to receive the money, the issuing bank of whom the applicant is a client, and the advising bank of whom the beneficiary is a client. Almost all letters of credit are irrevocable, i.e., cannot be amended or canceled without prior agreement of the beneficiary, the issuing bank and the confirming bank, if any. In executing a transaction, letters of credit incorporate functions common to giros and Traveler's cheques. Typically, the documents a beneficiary has to present in order to receive payment include a commercial invoice, bill of lading, and documents proving the shipment was insured against loss or damage in transit.Letters of credit (LC) deal in documents, not goods. An LC can be irrevocable or revocable. An irrevocable LC cannot be changed unless both buyer and seller agree. With a revoca ble LC, changes can be made without the consent of the beneficiary.A sight LC means that payment is made immediately to the beneficiary/seller/exporter upon presentation of the correct documents in the required time frame. A time or date LC will specify when payment will be made at a future date and upon presentation of the required documents. Negotiation means the giving of value for draft(s) and/or document(s) by the bank authorized to negotiate, viz the nominated bank. Mere examination of the documents and forwarding the same to the letter of credit issuing bank for reimbursement, without giving of value / agreed to give, does not constitute a negotiation.To receive payment, an exporter or shipper must present the documents required by the letter of credit. Typically, the payee presents a document proving the goods were sent instead of showing the actual goods. The Original Bill of Lading (OBL) is normally the document accepted by banks as proof that goods have been shipped. However, the list and form of documents is open to imagination and negotiation and might contain requirements to present documents issued by a neutral third party evidencing the quality of the goods shipped, or their place of origin or place.One of the primary peculiarities of the documentary credit is that the payment obligation is abstract and independent from the underlying contract of sale or any other contract in the transaction. Thus the bank’s obligation is defined by the terms of the credit alone, and the sale contract is irre levant. The defensive of the buyer arising out of the sale contract do not concern the bank and in no way affect its liability. Article 4(a) UCP states this principle clearly. Article 5 the UCP further states that banks deal with documents only, they are not concerned with the goods (facts). Accordingly, if the documents tendered by the beneficiary, or his or her agent, appear to be in order, then in general the bank is obliged to pay without further qualifications.All the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit, negotiation of documents, reimbursements and other charges like courier are to the account of applicant or as per the terms and conditions of the Letter of credit. If the letter of credit is silent on charges, then they are to the account of the Applicant. The description of charges and who would be bearing them would be indicated in the field 71B in the Letter of Credit.1. What is the major function of letter of credit in international trade?2. What does UCP stand for?3. Which institution is the one that issued UCP 600?4. How should the exporter and the importer be called as parties of a letter of credit?5. What is the major function of issuing bank in a letter of credit business?6. What is the connection between the advising bank and the beneficiary?7. What is the major feature of an irrevocable LC?8. Under which circumstance can an irrevocable LC be amended?9. Which kind of LC does the exporter prefer to use, the revocable ones or irrevocable ones?10. As far as the time of payment is concerned, what are the two types of LC?11. Under which circumstances will the bank pay to the exporter?12. Which document is a title document?13. How to understand “the bank’s obligation is independent from sales contract”?14. Will the banks inspect the goods before making payment? Why?15. Usually, who is responsible for the charges for issuance of Letter of Credit?II. INTERNA TIONAL ECONOMIC RELA TIONS AND COOPERA TION一、翻译-中译英1. 工业化或发达国家是指那些除具有先进的农业和原料采掘技术外，还具有相当水平的制造业和服务业的国家。
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3. Supplementary Words
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4. Important words and phrases in the text
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然而在目前抑郁的情绪中，欧洲几乎冒 险忽视了那种前进的革命性步伐，它曾以 那种步伐创立了世界上最大的、最富有的 自由市场——在一个大洲，那里几个世纪 以来经济上的争斗已经导致了一些历史上 最血腥的战争。另外，一些观察家说，如 果无法通过推进欧洲一体化来加强大市场 ，那将导致破坏内部市场计划已经取得的 成就。
• big bang: strong and powerful effect; impact （不同凡响的效果）
• sour: worsen backlash: a strong adverse reaction
• be bursting to: be eager to （迫不及待地 …）
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• skid: slide; fall • gush about: talk about with excessive
7. Budget cuts, deregulation, privatization
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5. Sentence Translation
1.Yet in its current dour mood， Europe risks almost overlooking the revolutionary step forward it has taken in creating the world's largest and wealthiest barrier-free market — and on a continent where， for centuries， economic battles have led to some of history's bloodiest wars. But perhaps the major reason is the dark economic clouds now hanging over Europe. One of the central justifications for the single market was its ability to create greater prosperity， but it is making its debut just as Europe traverses one of its roughest economic storms in years.
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6. Business investment, which had been flat for the five years preceding the decision in 1985 to create the single market, soared to 7 percent annual growth rate from 198590.
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பைடு நூலகம்
• referendum 公民复决投票 • merger 兼并 • budget cuts 预算削减 • political and economic integration 政治经
济一体化 • deregulation 放松管制 • privatization 私有化
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2. paraphrase of words
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“大市场是共同体进步的中心，但是决 不能肯定它能独立存在”，一位欧共体高 级官员在这里说，“如果继续前进的政治 意愿没有了，我们能预见到联姻协议中会 出现更多的紧张因素，它们最终会打击我 们已经取得的成绩。”
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2. The single market is central to the community's progress， but it is by no means certain that it could stand alone， says one senior EC official here， "if the political will to continue moving forward fails， we can anticipate more strains in the marriage contract that ultimately would strike at what we've accomplished."
Lesson 6 Economic Trouble Cloud New Market’s Future
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1. terms
• the single market • 统一大市场 • Maastricht Treaty • 马斯特里赫特条约 • barrier-free market • 无壁垒市场 • free-trade zone • 自由贸易区