Unit 5 单元语法：同位语从句 导学案

Unit 5 单元语法：同位语从句导学案
【使用说明及学法指导】
（1）5分钟检查学生背诵课前探究的句子的情况。

（2）10分钟让学生合作探究自主探究部分的内容并展示和点评；
（3）10分钟让学生讨论关于同位语从句的知识，并分组展示；
（4）10分钟让学生巩固落实、当堂检测。

（5）10分钟教师点评，总结，反刍。

【学习目标】
(1) 通过自主学习和合作探究学习和掌握同位语从句的特点和用法。

(2) 学会区别同位语从句与定语从句。

（3）培养学生语法学习的策略和合作学习的习惯。

（4）激情投入，高效参与课堂，体验学习英语的快乐。

Ⅰ.【自主探究】
背诵并探究下面的句子。

分析句子的结构，然后找出主句和从句，说出从句属于哪种从句。

1. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.
主句为：_______________________________________________
从句属于：________________________
2. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast.
主句为：___________________________________________________________________________ 从句属于：________________________
3. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede.
主句为：____________________________________________________________________________ 从句属于：________________________
4. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres.
主句为：____________________________________________________________________
从句属于：______________________
5. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
主句为：_________________________________________________________
从句属于________________________
Ⅱ.【合作探究】
1、仔细观察下面的句子，研究这些句子的特点：
① The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.
地球是圆的这种观点并不新鲜。

② Next comes the question what you want to put in the box.
其次是这个问题：你要在盒子里放些什么？
③Nobody can explain the mystery why he suddenly disappeared.
没人能解开这个谜：他为什么突然消失了？
④ The problem where we get enough money has not been settled.
这个问题仍没有得到解决：我们该从哪儿搞到足够的钱？
⑤ The whole truth came out at last that it was a wolf in the clothing of sheep.
真相终于大白了，它原来是一只披着羊皮的狼。

2、分析同位语从句的特点：
(1) 同位语从句定义：_______________________________________________________.
（2）同位语从句的位置：_____________________________________________________.
(3) 同位语从句中的名词:_______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
(4) 同位语从句的连接词有: ___________________________________________________
（5）同位语从句和定语从句的区别：①__________________________________________
②____________________________________________________________________________
【自主探究】
1. A warm thought suddenly came to me _____ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mother.
A. if
B. when
C. that
D. which
2. News came from the school office ___ Wang Lin had already been admitted to Beijing University.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
3. I have some doubt _ he can work out the difficult problem.
A. if
B. whether.
C. that
D. why
4. Modern science has given clear evidence(证据) _________ smoking can lead to many diseases.
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. that
5. There is a common belief among them _ _ rubbish can be put to good use.
A. which
B. if
C. that
D. whose
6. The idea ___ computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. that
7. We should consider their request the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where
8. --Is there any possibility you could pick me up at the airport?
--No problem.
A. when
B. that
C. whether
D. what
9. Nobody believed his reason for being absent form the class ________ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. because
10. Is this the reason________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he
There is no doubt she will be there on time.
A. that
B. whether
C. if
D. when
【巩固练习】
1. The reason ________ he didn’t come is ________ he was ill.
A. why；that
B. that；why
C. why；because
D. why；what
2. The shocking news made me realize ________ terrible problems we would face.
A. what
B. how
C. that
D. why
3. I don’t like ________ when you shout at me angrily.
A. that
B. it
C. this
D. any
4. I am satisfied ________ should be done has been already done.
A. what; that
B. what
C. that; what
D. that; which
5.Is it，in your opinion，possible ________ new measures will be taken to improve the terrible traffic？
A. whether
B. what
C. when
D. that
6._______Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A. Which
B. What
C. That
D. Whom
7. Having checked the doors were closed，and ________ all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where
8.—I’m afraid I have to give it up.
—Don’t be discouraged. Remember ________ sticks to his work will succeed one day.
A. anyone
B. who
C. whoever
D. that whoever
9.World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not gone away，and ________ there are many things still to be done.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. 不填
10. I was close to being killed the other day. A car passed me at ________ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. that D. what
【书面表达】请根据下面的要点提示，写一篇100字左右的英语作文，介绍加拿大。

1、位于北美洲的北部, 是世界第二大国，东邻大西洋，西邻太平洋。

2、面积约997平方公里，人口2900万；
3、是个多元化国家，官方语言为英语和法语；
4、有丰富的自然资源，如森林、煤、天然气；淡水资源占世界1/3。

Located in the north of North America, Canada is the second largest country in the world. Canada is surrounded by the Atlantic on the east and the Pacific on the west. It covers an area of about 9984, 670 square kilometers, with a population slightly over 30 million. Canada is a multi-culture country, with English and French as its official languages. Canada is known to be rich in natural resources, such as forest, coal and natural gas. Canada has one third of the world's fresh water. Canada is a very beautiful country that is well worth visiting.
1. 解析第一空填入的连词引导的是定语从句，修饰the reason，故用why；第二空是表语从句，从句中不缺少主要成分，故填that。

2. 解析填入连词引导宾语从句，从句中名词problems缺少定语，故填what，what terrible problems作从句中动词face的宾语。

3. 解析动词like后面不能直接跟从句，需要用it作形式宾语再跟真正的宾语从句。

4. 解析satisfied后面从句中包含两个主语结构，故有两个从句，所以需要有两个连词，故排除B、D两项，且has been的主语是________ should be done，为主语从句且缺少主语，故先填入连词what引导主语从句，其后才是that引导的宾语从句，所以答案为C。

5. 解析句意为：在你看来，采取新的措施改善糟糕的交通是可能的吗？it为形式主语，后面的从句为真正的主语，且从句中不缺少句子成分，故D项正确。

6. 解析填入的连词引导主语从句，且从句中缺少动词offer的宾语，故选择what引导主语从句同时在从句中作宾语。

7. 解析句意为：检查完门已关好并且灯都熄灭之后，这个男孩才打开门来到卧室。

having checked后有两个宾语从句，因为句意完整不缺少成分，故用that引导。

第一个从句中that可省，但第二个that则不可省略。

8. 解析remember后面的从句中有两个主谓结构，故需要两个连词，that引导宾语从句，whoever 引导主语从句作动词will succeed的主语，此时that不可省略。

9. 解析考查有多个宾语从句时，第二个和以后的从句中的that不能省略。

that HIV has not gone away，and that there are...是remind的两个并列宾语从句。

10. 解析此句是what引导的宾语从句。

what在从句中作主语，I thought是插入语。

介词后不跟that引导的宾语从句，C项错误；句中无先行词，不是定语从句，B项错误。

任务一：同位语从句的基本用法
一、定义
跟在名词后，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，做同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

二、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词（主要是抽象名词）的后面，用于解释或说明
前面名词的内容。

不是所有的名词都可以跟同位语从句，常可以跟同位语从句的名词有：
belief 信念，相信 advice 建议 doubt 怀疑 fact 事实
hope 希望 news 消息 idea 主意，opinion 观点
possibility 可能性 thought 想法wish 愿望 truth 事实
question 问题 problem 问题promise 答应，诺言 reply 答复
report 报道 suggestion 建议order 命令
三、连接词
1. 引导同位语从句的连接词主要有从属连词 that （不用which），whether （不
用if）。

如果同位语从句意义完整，不缺少句子成分，常用 that 引导；以及连接代词 who, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why, how 等。

if 一般不引导同位语从句。

在同位语从句中 that, whether 不作成分，whether 表示“是否”，其它连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中做一定成分。

引导同位语从句的连接词 that, whet her 一般都不省略。

He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.
他必须回答他是否同那件事这样一个问题。

2.连接代词 who, what 和连接副词when, where, why, how 等引导的同位语从句
中，引导词在从句中作相应的成分。

注意事项；
（1）同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所要说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，这种从句叫作分隔式同位语从句。

这种分隔主要出于修辞原因，即为了保持句子结构平衡。

高考题回放：
News came from the school office the president would visit our school.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. where
解析：news 后面跟了同位语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，而且含义也完整，所以用 that 引导。

句意为：“从学校办公室传来消息说总统要来访问我们学校”。

The report that he was going to marry was false.
他将结婚的报道是假的
We have proof that he was wrong.
我们有证据证明他错了。

I have no idea why she is late for school.
我不知道她为什么上学迟到。

There is some doubt whether he will come on time.
对他是否会在准时到有一些怀疑。

五、学习同位语从句应注意的要点
（1）表达“是否”的概念时，必须用 whether 而不用 if 引导同位语从句。

I have no idea whether you are interested in working for her.
我不知道你是否有兴趣为她工作。

(2) 在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气即：should+动词原形。

常见的此类名词有：advice, order, demand, suggestion, request, decisio n等。

The suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.
修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。

（3）名词 doubt (怀疑) 后的同位语从句用 whether 引导；no doubt (无疑) 之后的同位语从句用 that 引导。

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.
我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。

There is no doubt that she is correct.
毫无疑问她是对的。

六、同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
1. 同位语从句属于名词性从句，它对先行词作进一步的解释或补充说明；而定语从句则属于形容词性从句，它对先行词起修饰或限制的作用。

The foreigner expressed the hope that he would come to China again.
那位外国人表达了再次来中国的愿望。

（从句）
I will remember the hope that the foreigner expressed to me.
我将记住那位外国人向我表达的愿望。

（从句）
2. 同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，而定语从句的先行词无此限制。

The possibility that scientists clone a man may come true.
科学家克隆人的可能性也许会实现。

（从句）
This is the sheep that the scientists cloned.
这就是科学家克隆出来的羊。

（从句）
3. that 引导的同位语从句只起进一步解释或补充说明的作用，在句中也不作成分，在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，而定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our schoo l.
We are interested in the news that he told us.
4. when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
在定语从句中，when, where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系
They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)
Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定语从句) He raised the question where we were to get so many chairs needed.
他提出了我们到那里去弄那么多椅子的问题。

本句中 where 前面没有表示地点的先行词，所以它是同位语从句。

That is the reason why he was late for class.
那就是他上课迟到的原因。

本句中why 前面有表示原因、理由的先行词 reason，所以它是定语从句。

◆判断句子是否是同位语从句的小诀窍：
判断句子是否是同位语从句，可用“试加法”，即在名词和从句之间加系动词be, 使该名词和从句构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺、合乎逻辑，那么该从句就是同位语从句。

例如：We heard the news that our team had won.
→ The news was that our team had won
该句子肯定是是同位语从句。

任务三.同位语从句提升训练
★试试看！相信你一定能行！！。