Ocean Pollution(海洋污染)
海洋污染的现状与对策
海洋污染的现状与对策简介海洋是地球上最大的生态系统之一，它承载着丰富的生物资源和人类的经济活动。
然而，由于人类的不当行为和环境管理问题，海洋污染问题已逐渐引起了全球关注。
本文将介绍海洋污染的现状并提出一些对策以应对这一问题。
现状1. 废弃物排放废弃物排放是导致海洋污染的主要原因之一。
工业化进程和城市化发展使得大量固体废弃物、废水和废气排放到海洋中，带来了严重的环境问题。
塑料垃圾尤为严重，其堆积使得海洋生物误食或缠绕在其中，对生态系统造成严重威胁。
2. 石油泄漏石油勘探和开采过程中的事故事件导致了大量石油泄漏，如深水地平线石油泄漏事件等。
这些泄漏事件释放了大量有毒有害物质到海洋中，对水生生物和海岸线造成了巨大损害。
同时，石油泄漏还对渔业、旅游业等海洋相关产业造成了严重影响。
3. 废水排放工业、农业和城市等活动所产生的废水排放直接或间接进入到海洋，导致海水污染。
废水中含有大量有机物、重金属和化学品等，这些物质会引起藻类爆发性增长、缺氧、酸碱度改变等问题，进而影响海洋生态系统的平衡。
4. 氮肥过剩农业活动常常使用氮肥来促使作物生长。
然而，氮肥使用不当会导致过剩的氮营养物流入河流和海洋中，引发藻类爆发性增长。
这些藻类繁殖过程中所消耗的氧气造成了缺氧现象，进而危害了海洋生态系统和渔业资源。
对策1. 强化法律法规加强法律法规对海洋环境保护的监管力度是解决海洋污染问题的基础和保障。
政府应加强立法工作，建立完善的法规体系，并加大对违规行为进行惩处力度。
同时，需要建立监测和评估机制，及时发现并解决潜在污染问题。
2. 排污许可制度建立排污许可制度，对企事业单位进行准入许可、排污指标限制和监测评估是有效控制废水排放的手段之一。
通过建立准入许可制度，可遏制不合格企业进入市场。
同时，要完善排污指标标准，确保企业正常运营的同时尽量减少环境影响。
3. 加强科学研究与技术创新加强科学研究与技术创新是减少海洋污染的关键。
投资并支持相关科学研究项目，并推动技术创新以开发更环保、高效的处理废水、废弃物以及减少能源消耗等技术手段。
英语作文海洋污染现状
英语作文海洋污染现状Ocean Pollution: A Pressing Global IssueThe ocean, a vast and majestic expanse, has long been a source of wonder, sustenance, and livelihood for countless individuals around the world. However, in recent decades, the health and well-being of our oceans have been increasingly threatened by the devastating effects of pollution. As the world's population continues to grow and industrialization expands, the problem of ocean pollution has become a pressing global concern that demands immediate attention and action.One of the primary contributors to ocean pollution is the release of plastic waste. Millions of tons of plastic are discarded into the ocean every year, posing a grave threat to marine life and the delicate balance of the ocean's ecosystems. These plastic items, ranging from single-use plastics to abandoned fishing gear, can take hundreds of years to decompose, if at all. During this time, they break down into smaller microplastics that are ingested by a wide range of marine organisms, from tiny plankton to large whales, leading to devastating consequences.The impact of plastic pollution on marine life is truly staggering. Sea turtles, for example, often mistake plastic bags for their natural prey, jellyfish, leading to their entanglement and eventual suffocation. Seabirds, too, are vulnerable to the dangers of plastic pollution, as they often mistake floating plastic debris for food and feed it to their chicks, unknowingly exposing them to harmful toxins and the risk of starvation. Even larger marine creatures, such as whales and dolphins, are not immune to the perils of plastic pollution, as they can become entangled in abandoned fishing nets and other plastic waste, leading to injury, strangulation, and even death.In addition to the devastating impact on marine life, ocean pollution also poses a significant threat to human health and well-being. Many of the toxins and pollutants that find their way into the ocean, such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, can bioaccumulate in the tissues of marine organisms, ultimately making their way into the human food chain. Consuming contaminated seafood can lead to a range of health problems, including neurological disorders, reproductive issues, and even cancer.Moreover, the economic consequences of ocean pollution are far-reaching and profound. The fishing and tourism industries, which are heavily dependent on the health of the ocean, have been severely impacted by the degradation of marine ecosystems. Coastal communities that rely on these industries for their livelihoods havebeen forced to adapt to the changing conditions, often at great personal and financial cost.In response to the growing crisis of ocean pollution, various international organizations, governments, and environmental groups have taken action to address the issue. Initiatives such as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal 14, which aims to "conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development," have brought global attention to the importance of protecting our oceans.Additionally, many countries have implemented policies and regulations to reduce plastic waste and promote more sustainable practices. These measures include bans on single-use plastics, the implementation of extended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes, and the development of innovative waste management solutions. However, the success of these efforts has been largely dependent on the willingness of individuals, businesses, and governments to take responsibility and actively participate in the fight against ocean pollution.One of the most promising avenues for addressing the issue of ocean pollution is through the development of innovative technologies and solutions. For example, the use of advanced recycling techniques, such as chemical recycling and pyrolysis, canhelp to divert plastic waste from landfills and the ocean, while the development of biodegradable and compostable alternatives to traditional plastics can reduce the overall burden on the environment.Furthermore, the advancement of research and scientific understanding of the impacts of ocean pollution can help to inform policymakers and guide the development of more effective solutions. By studying the complex interactions between marine ecosystems, human activities, and the flow of pollutants, scientists can provide crucial insights that can inform the decision-making process and drive meaningful change.In conclusion, the issue of ocean pollution is a global challenge that requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach. From individual actions, such as reducing plastic consumption and properly disposing of waste, to the implementation of robust international policies and the development of innovative technological solutions, every effort counts in the fight to protect our oceans and secure a sustainable future for generations to come. By taking collective responsibility and prioritizing the health of our marine environments, we can work towards a world where the beauty and abundance of the ocean are preserved for all to enjoy.。
海洋污染英语作文
海洋污染英语作文英文回答：Marine pollution is a serious threat to the health of our planet. It is caused by the release of harmful substances into the ocean, such as chemicals, plastics, and sewage. These substances can damage marine ecosystems, harm wildlife, and even pose a threat to human health.There are many different sources of marine pollution. Some of the most common include:Industrial activities: Factories and other industrial facilities can release harmful chemicals into the ocean through wastewater and air emissions.Agricultural activities: Pesticides and fertilizers used in farming can run off into waterways and eventually reach the ocean.Sewage and wastewater: Untreated sewage and wastewater can contain harmful bacteria and viruses that can contaminate the ocean and cause disease.Plastic pollution: Plastic is a major problem for marine pollution. It can entangle wildlife, block digestive tracts, and leach harmful chemicals into the water.Oil spills: Oil spills can release large amounts ofoil into the ocean, which can kill marine life and damage coastal habitats.Marine pollution has a devastating impact on the environment. It can:Harm marine life: Marine pollution can kill marine animals, damage their habitats, and disrupt their food chains.Contaminate seafood: Marine pollution can contaminate seafood, making it unsafe to eat.Damage coastal ecosystems: Marine pollution can damage coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs and mangrove forests, which provide important habitat for marine life.Pose a threat to human health: Marine pollution can pose a threat to human health through the consumption of contaminated seafood and exposure to harmful chemicals.There are many things that can be done to reduce marine pollution. Some of the most important include:Reducing the use of plastics: One of the best ways to reduce marine pollution is to reduce the use of plastics. This can be done by using reusable bags, avoiding single-use plastics, and recycling plastic products.Properly disposing of sewage and wastewater: Sewageand wastewater should be properly treated before being released into the environment. This can help to remove harmful bacteria and viruses that can contaminate the ocean.Reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers:Pesticides and fertilizers should be used in a responsible manner to minimize runoff into waterways.Regulating industrial activities: Industrialactivities should be regulated to ensure that they do not release harmful chemicals into the ocean.Cleaning up oil spills: Oil spills should be cleaned up as quickly as possible to minimize the damage to marine life and coastal ecosystems.Marine pollution is a serious problem, but it is one that can be solved. By taking steps to reduce our impact on the ocean, we can help to protect this vital resource for future generations.中文回答：海洋污染是危害我们地球健康的严重威胁。
海洋污染作文英文
海洋污染作文英文英文：Ocean pollution is a serious issue that affects not only marine life, but also humans. There are many different types of ocean pollution, including plastic waste, oil spills, and chemical runoff. These pollutants can harm or even kill marine animals and plants, and also contaminate seafood that humans consume.One of the biggest contributors to ocean pollution is plastic waste. Every year, millions of tons of plastic end up in the ocean, where it can take hundreds of years to decompose. This plastic can be ingested by marine animals, leading to injury or death. It can also entangle animals, making it difficult for them to swim or eat.Another major source of ocean pollution is oil spills. These spills can occur naturally, but are often caused by human activities such as oil drilling or transportation.Oil spills can coat marine animals and plants, suffocating them and causing long-term damage to their habitats.Chemical runoff from agriculture and industry is also a significant contributor to ocean pollution. These chemicals can cause harmful algae blooms, which can deplete oxygen levels in the water and create "dead zones" where marinelife cannot survive.It is important that we take action to reduce ocean pollution. This can include reducing our use of single-use plastics, properly disposing of hazardous materials, and supporting policies that promote sustainable practices in agriculture and industry.中文：海洋污染是一个严重的问题，不仅影响海洋生物，还影响人类。
海洋污染英语作文80词
海洋污染英语作文80词英文回答：Ocean pollution is a pressing environmental issue that threatens the health of our planet and the well-being ofits inhabitants. Human activities, such as industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, plastic waste, and oil spills, have significantly contributed to the contamination of our oceans. This pollution poses numerous risks to marine ecosystems, including habitat degradation, biodiversity loss, disruption of food chains, and the accumulation of toxins in marine organisms. The consequences of ocean pollution extend beyond marine life, as it also affects human health, food security, and economic activities.To combat ocean pollution, a comprehensive approach is required. This includes reducing the sources of pollution, implementing sustainable practices, and promoting conservation efforts. Governments, industries, andindividuals must work together to develop and implement effective policies, regulations, and technologies to mitigate the impacts of ocean pollution. Education and awareness campaigns are crucial to raising public consciousness about the issue and encouraging responsible behavior.Ocean pollution is a complex problem that requires a concerted effort from all stakeholders to address. By working together, we can protect our oceans and ensure the health of our planet for generations to come.中文回答：海洋污染是一个紧迫的环境问题，它威胁着我们星球的健康及其居民的福祉。
海洋污染
船舶搁浅、触礁、碰撞以及石油井喷和石油管道泄漏等。
向海洋倾泻废物以减轻陆地环境污染的处理方法。通过船舶、航空器、平台或其他载运工具向海洋处置废弃 物或其他有害物质的行为。也包括弃置船舶、航空器、平台和其他浮动工具的行为。这是人类利用海洋环境处置 废弃物的方法之一。
一些海岸工程建设改变了海岸、滩涂和潮下带及其底土的自然性状，破坏了海洋的生态平衡和海岸景观。
背景
联合国教科文组织下属的政府间海洋学委员会对海洋污染明确定义为：由于人类活动，直接或间接地把物质 或能量引入海洋环境，造成或可能造成损害海洋生物资源、危害人类健康、妨碍捕鱼和其他各种合法活动、损害 海水的正常使用价值和降低海洋环境的质量等有害影响。
海洋污染（marine pollution）通常是指人类改变了海洋原来的状态，使海洋生态系统遭到破坏。有害物质 进入海洋环境而造成的污染，会损害生物资源，危害人类健康，妨碍捕鱼和人类在海上的其他活动，损坏海水质 量和环境质量等。海洋面积辽阔，储水量巨大，因而长期以来是地球上最稳定的生态系统。由陆地流入海洋的各 种物质被海洋接纳，而海洋本身却没有发生显著的变化。然而近几十年，随着世界工业的发展，海洋的污染也日 趋严重，使局部海域环境发生了很大变化，并有继续扩展的趋势。
人类生产和生活过程中，产生的大量污染物质原子核不断地通过各种途径进入海洋，对海洋生物资源、海洋 开发、海洋环境质量产生不同程度的危害最终又将危害人类自身。
相关信息
保护海洋迫在眉睫
赤潮海洋环境保护是在调查研究的基础上，针对海洋环境方面存在的问题，依据海洋生态平衡的要求制定的 有关法规，并运用科学的方法和手段来调整海洋开发和环境生态间的关系，以达到海洋资源的持续利用的目的。 海洋环境是人类赖以生存和发展的自然环境的重要组成部分，包括海洋水体、海底和海面上空的大气，以及同海 洋密切相关，并受到海洋影响的沿岸和河口区域。海洋环境问题的产生，主要是人们在开发利用海洋的过程中， 没有考虑海洋环境的承受能力，低估了自然界的反作用，使海洋环境受到不同程度的损坏。首先是向海洋排放污 染物；其次是某些不合理的海岸工程建设，给海洋环境带来的严重影响；第三是对水产资源的酷捕，对红树林、 珊瑚礁的乱采乱伐，也危及到生态平衡。上述问题的存在已对人类生产和生活均构成了严重威胁。为此，海洋环 境保护问题已成为当今全球的热点之一。
海洋污染的定义分类抑制海洋污染保护海洋措施宣传课件PPT
首先
保护海洋也要从点滴小事做起从我们身边做起也是我们义不容辞的责任。
必须遵守有关禁止乱扔各种废弃物的规定，把废弃物扔到指定的地点或者容器内，特别是不要乱扔废电池，因为一节废电池中所含的重金属，如果流到清洁的水中，它造成的污染是非常厉害的。
第二
应该尽量避免使用一次性饮料杯、泡沫饭盒、塑料袋和一次性筷子，用陶瓷杯、纸饭盒、布袋和普通竹筷子来代，这样就可以大大减少垃圾的产生。减小了海洋垃圾的来源。
我国的治理措施
建立健全海洋法律体系与管理体制。制定一系列海洋和涉海法规，国务院及国家有关部门也制定了一系列行政法规和部门规章。这些涉海法律法规的颁布和实施，对促进我国海洋管理和环境保护起到了重要的作用。与此同时，我国逐步建立了海洋综合管理制度。
抑制和防止海洋污染的措施。
防止和控制沿海工业污染物污染海域环境
保护和改善海洋环境，防治污染和破坏，使之更适合于人类的生存和发展的措施。它是我国环境保护的一个重要方面，是人类持续开发利用海洋资源的前提和保证。防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染的措施，包括防止来自陆地污染源、海底活动、倾倒废弃物、“区域”内活动、船舶、大气的污染，以及防止兴建海岸工程造成的污染损害
抑制和防止海洋污染的措施。
抑制和防止海洋污染的措施。
栽培海藻群体特别具有减低富营养化的潜力，大力发展海藻栽培来调节养殖环境中动植物生态平衡，是解决上述问题有希望的途径，是从根本上解决问题的有效方法，是具有战略性、前瞻性和科学性的设想和理念。
为确保我国海洋环境减少污染，在加强监测预报的同时，应大力开展海洋污染机理与防治方面的基础和应用研究，为海洋经济的可持续发展作出贡献。
第三
不要随意捕杀海洋生物，有些动物可能是世界的濒危品种，也许你不是有意的，但是，你的一个不小心可能会使一个物种灭亡。
海污染英语作文
海污染英语作文Ocean pollution is a serious environmental issue that poses a significant threat to marine ecosystems and human health.海污染是一个严重的环境问题，对海洋生态系统和人类健康构成重大威胁。
The influx of pollutants into the ocean, such as plastic waste, chemicals, and oil, has led to the degradation of marine habitats and the endangerment of marine species.大量污染物，如塑料垃圾、化学物质和石油等流入海洋，导致海洋栖息地退化，海洋物种受到威胁。
These pollutants not only harm marine life but also accumulate in the food chain, eventually affecting humans who consume seafood. 这些污染物不仅伤害海洋生物，还会在食物链中积累，最终影响到食用海鲜的人类。
Moreover, ocean pollution disrupts the natural cycles of the ocean, such as nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, which are crucial for maintaining the health of the planet.此外，海洋污染还会破坏海洋的自然循环，如营养循环和碳封存，这些对维持地球健康至关重要。
Therefore, it is crucial to take actions to reduce ocean pollution and protect our marine environment.因此，采取行动减少海洋污染，保护我们的海洋环境至关重要。
海洋的污染英语作文
海洋的污染英语作文Ocean pollution is a serious environmental issue that has been affecting our planet for many years. The pollution of the ocean is caused by various human activities, such as industrial waste, agricultural runoff, oil spills, and plastic waste. This pollution has devastating effects on marine life, ecosystems, and the health of the planet as a whole.Industrial waste is one of the main contributors to ocean pollution. Many industries release toxic chemicals and heavy metals into the ocean, which can have a harmful impact on marine life. These pollutants can accumulate in the tissues of marine animals, causing them to become sick or die. Additionally, industrial waste can also lead to the destruction of coral reefs and other important marine habitats.Agricultural runoff is another significant source of ocean pollution. When fertilizers and pesticides are usedin agriculture, they can run off into nearby waterways and eventually make their way into the ocean. This can lead to the growth of harmful algal blooms, which can deplete oxygen levels in the water and create dead zones where marine life cannot survive. Additionally, agriculturalrunoff can also lead to the contamination of seafood, making it unsafe for human consumption.Oil spills are a well-known cause of ocean pollution, and they can have devastating effects on marine ecosystems. When oil is spilled into the ocean, it can coat thefeathers of seabirds, clog the gills of fish, and smother marine mammals. Oil spills can also contaminate coastal habitats, such as beaches and marshes, and have long-term effects on the health of these ecosystems.Plastic waste is perhaps the most visible form of ocean pollution, and it is a major threat to marine life. Every year, millions of tons of plastic waste end up in the ocean, where it can harm marine animals in a variety of ways. For example, sea turtles often mistake plastic bags forjellyfish and ingest them, leading to intestinal blockagesand death. Additionally, plastic waste can break down into tiny particles known as microplastics, which can be ingested by a wide range of marine animals and can have harmful effects on their health.In conclusion, ocean pollution is a major environmental issue that is caused by a variety of human activities. It has devastating effects on marine life, ecosystems, and the health of the planet as a whole. In order to address this problem, it is important for individuals, industries, and governments to take action to reduce their impact on the ocean and to work towards sustainable solutions. By working together, we can help to protect the ocean and ensure a healthy future for the planet.。
海洋污染高三英语作文
海洋污染高三英语作文海洋污染高三英语作文（精选5篇）在日常生活或是工作学习中，大家都跟作文打过交道吧，作文是一种言语活动，具有高度的综合性和创造性。
你知道作文怎样写才规范吗？以下是小编帮大家整理的海洋污染高三英语作文，欢迎大家分享。
海洋污染高三英语作文1Several problems are caused by the non-organic substance. We ought not to pour wastes into the ocean, because it not only pollutes the ocean, but also lead to a series of harmful consequence.First and foremost, the non-organnic things, for instance, plastic bags, may kill fish and whales.Second, fishes cant digest them.Finally, some of the rubbish is inherently toxic, they will posion marine life.We must take actions to protect our whale from dying. One thing we should do is creating a better system of disposing of rubbish.Another effective solution is making ships environmentally friendly. Sypermarkets shall stop the giving of plastic bags.As a captain of the ship, you should spare no efforts to think more helpful ideas and stop dumping rubbish from now on.We all need to raise awareness of these problems. It now bees necessary that we must act now, before it is too late!The seas and oceans receive the brunt of human waste, whether it is by deliberate dumping or by natural run-off from the land.In fact over 80% of all marine pollution es from land-based activities and many pollutants are deposited in estuaries and coastal waters.Here the pollutants enter marine food chains, building up their concentrations until they reach toxic levels.It often takes human casualties to alert us to pollution and such was the case in Minimata Bay in Japan when many people died as a result of a pollutant building up in food chains.A factory was discharging waste containing methyl mercury in low concentrations into the sea and as this pollutant passed through food chains it became more concentrated in the tissues of marine organisms until it reached toxic levels.As a consequence 649 people died from eating fish and shellfish contaminated with mercury and 3500 people suffered from mercury poisoning.Sea pollution is being an increasing problem for our planet and we have a responsibility to reduce sea pollution.I need to describe the problem. Our ship currently dumps all its rubbish into the sea.Its easy to result in huge endanger.First of all, Non-organic substances such as plastic bags kill fish and whales. Because fish get trapped and whales cannot digest them. Secondly some rubbish is inherently toxic.I can suggest some solutions. First and foremost we can create a better system of disposing of rubbish for instance.We ought to store rubbish. Next, we are supposed to make ships environmentally and friendly.A case in point is that we should stop providing plastic bags.We must act now before it is too late!海洋污染高三英语作文2From the overall situation, wastewater emissions growth speed. Is expected in 2000 will reach 666 tons. City life sewage volume will continue to increase, in 2000 reached about 783 tons. The wastewater of low (estimated at 20% 30%),most of untreated wastewater directly or indirectly discharged into the water body, the serious pollution of water resources. Chinas seven major river systems in nearly half of serious pollution, city section of river water qualitygenerally exceed the standard 86%. The polluted water, more serious is the Huaihe, Haihe, Liaohe, Songhua River, the downstream Yangtze River and the Pearl River Delta industries in developed region.River city section of riverpollution, heavy on the river, north to south. In 1990, 94 river city section of evaluation, 65 are subject to different degrees of pollution, accounting for 69.1%, the main pollutants ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol and oxygen consumption of organic matter. According to the survey, 700000000 peopledrinking water the Escherichi a coli exceed the standard, 164000000 people drink organic pollution of water, 35000000 people nitrate drinking water exceed the standard.Huaihe is one of the most polluted rivers. Huaihe in the evaluation of the 2000kilometers of the river, 78.7% river does not meet the drinking water standard,the 79.7% section does not meet the standard of fishery water, 32% do not meet the standard of irrigation water. According to statistics, the national 3000 heavily polluting enterprises, enterprises of wastewater discharge of industrial pollution,Huaihe River Basin accounts for 160. A sewage units 1.55 182 towns within the basin, industrial wastewater emissions of 1610000000 cubic meters, 700000000 cubic meters of urban living water emissions. Huaihe sewage irrigation farmland,causing serious crop production; in 1989 the occasion of the Spring Festival, the sewage discharge upstream gate opening, the tap water in Huainan, Bengbu twocity is seriously polluted and not drinking, Huaihe basin, the public drinking watercrisis, people Voices of discontent.Huaihe basin in many areas of cancer incidence rate than the normal area than 10 times to hundreds of times, some villages in 2/3 of hepatomegaly. At the same time, due to the pollution of the estuary, anadromous fish resources has been damaged, the sharp drop in output, part of the inner bay fisheries basic abandoned.The widespread contamination of lakes, especially the heavy metal pollution and eutrophication problem is very conspicuous. For example, Dianchi is Kunmings largest source of drinking water, water supply for the water supply of 54%, due to the area around Kunming city and Dianchi a large number of industrial and domestic sewage discharge, resulting in Dianchi heavy metal pollution and eutrophication is very serious, as a source of drinking water for a number ofindex is unqualified, overgrown with algae, summer and autumn 84% water by algae coverage. In 1993 Third Waterworks in Kunming city have been forced to stop production for 43 days, a direct economic loss of about 40000000 yuan; themany rural well water also can not drink, resulting in about 300000 rural drinking water difficulty. Because of drinking contaminated water, poisoning incidents have occurred; Dianchi specialty whitebait substantially reduction of output,reduce fish species, rare species disappeared.Bohai is China inland sea, has been seriously polluted. In the waters of Bohai,reducing the number of marine organisms, fish, shellfish, endangered, has bee almost no life "the dead sea". The coastal seawater transparencydecreased significantly, reddish brown or black. Some aquatic products, are on the brink of extinction. On the contrary, fish, green oyster with oil odor (copperpollution), rotten spot kelp has appeared in large numbers. Due to consumption of contaminated seafood and sick of people more and more.Water is limited, water is precious, water is not renewable. In the face of such apainful lesson, every man on the earth, to consciously establish water-saving awareness, tighten the taps, save every drop of water, reduce and prevent water pollution to human. Water pollution is the civilization of pollution, is the era ofpollution; water disappear is the national disappear, is human extinction.海洋污染高三英语作文3Marine environment is one in water, seawater tolerance hydrolyzate and suspended solids, seabed sediment and marine organisms, including plex systems. Ocean rich biological resources, mineral resources, chemical resources and power resources is an indispensable resource treasure house of human beings, with human survival and development of the relationship very close.The main objective of the current marine conservation is to protect the living marine resources, so as not to failure, in order for human sustainable use. In particular, give priority to protect those valuable and critically endangered marine life. According to the UN for investigation, due to overfishing, accidental capture and killing of non-target to allow hunting of marine, coastal shoreline construction, mangrove deforestation, widespread marine pollution, at least the worlds 25 most valuable fishery resources depleted, whales, sea turtles, manatees and many other marine animals face extinction risk. Is expected that with the expansion of the scale of ocean development,Marine living resources are likely to cause more damage.The task of the first marine protected right to stop over-exploitation of living marine resources and secondly to protect the habitat of marine life or habitat, in particular, their migration, spawning, foraging, avoiding predators coast, tidal flats, estuaries, coral reefs, it is necessary to prevent the heavy metals, pesticides, oil, organic and easy to produce nutrients such as eutrophication of marine pollution. Preservation of the marine living resources of the natural regeneration capacity and water purification capacity, preservation of the marine ecological balance, to ensure sustainable human development and utilization of the oceans.海洋污染高三英语作文4Several problems are caused by the non-organic substance. We ought not to pour wastes into the ocean, because it not only pollutes the ocean, but also lead to a series of harmful consequence. First and foremost, the non-organnic things, for instance, plastic bags, may kill fish and whales. Second, fishes cant digest them. Finally, some of the rubbish is inherently toxic, they will posion marine life.We must take actions to protect our whale from dying. One thing we should do is creating a better system of disposing of rubbish. Another effective solution is making ships environmentally friendly. Sypermarkets shall stop the giving of plastic bags.As a captain of the ship, you should spare no efforts to think more helpful ideas andstop dumping rubbish from now on. We all need to raise awareness of these problems. It now bees necessary that we must act now, before it is too late!海洋污染高三英语作文5Between 75 and 80% of marine pollution is caused by land, particularly agriculture. 30% of this is from the atmosphere. Around 12% of the pollution is caused by maritime transport.In South America, 98% of domestic wastewater ends up, untreated, in the sea. The countries along the Mediterranean Sea throw 50 million tons of waste into it every year and the Chinese throw 60 million tons of waste into the Yellow sea daily. Over half of the hydrocarbon discharge es from continents, 5% es from oil tanker accidents, 20% es from waste and other ship-related accidents, 4% from sea exploitation and 11 to 15% is due to natural causes. Accidental pollution through hydrocarbon is significantly decreasing and only represents a small percentage of waste through degassing estimated at between 1.5 and 3 million tons of oil a year. In 2003, according to the WWF, between 0.7 and 1.3 million tons of oil were spread by degassing in the Mediterranean. According to the Ifremer (the French Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), coastal water pollution cost the world economy almost 12.8 billion dollars in 2006.Marine pollution is the result of products being thrown into seas and oceans, mostly by mnkind: domestic waste (sewage and rubbish, pollutants in runoff water...), industrial waste (hydrocarbons, metals, synthetic chemical and organic substances, radionuclides...) and agricultural waste (fertilisers, pesticides...).This includes water pollution and marine sediments, and more generally all damage to marine ecosystems caused by harmful substances being discharged into the sea, either by their nature or their quantity.。
海洋污染的英语演讲稿
海洋污染的英语演讲稿海洋污染的英语演讲稿的有效性在很大程度上有赖于理性诉诸、情感诉诸和人品诉诸( 三诉诸)在演讲中的运用。
这三种诉诸形式在演讲语篇中有着各自不同的实现方法,这些方法的合理搭配运用体现的是英语演讲的修辞要求。
下面是店铺为你整理的'海洋污染的英语内容，希望对你有帮助。
1海洋污染的英语演讲稿Future marineKnow you today from the 2009, let me do a return tour, you tour in 2030 with the "Ocean", I think you must be harvested. As we all know, oceans of the Earth's seven tenths, very serious marine pollution in 2009, but in 2030, due to advanced science and technology, "decontamination robot" has become the bane of marine pollution, so, when there is no pollution in the ocean. Now, I take you first "multi-functional reception", and replace "changes in the marine location device", it all took us off to another world. T oday's oceans, is home to human beings, 50 percent of people worldwide live in the ocean, you will find it very curious about how to survive in the ocean? Fact Well, Sea World, where there is an "oxygen control room," Oxygen produced from here, through the "oxygen cylinder" sent to every corner of Ocean, people breathing in fresh oxygen, emit carbon dioxide, and then by the "oxygen control room" to receive, but also to create such a cycle of oxygen ... ....Harbour fish is strange, since the sea water into fresh water, the fish learned human language, but also to talk with people it can be fun! You to the front of a large group of fish, fish said: "Good morning!" Fish will speak English, I am really not believe it. Listen to my introduction to you on the residential areas.Although before you see is a blank, but people live here. The sea and land were not the same person, they food is simple, a "simple food Dan" can be over 100 days, so they are very relaxed. Live it? To four "sea" as their home, think of where to sleep on where to sleep, carefree.Then, you visit the Royal Palace, Park ... ... must have felt very grand, magnificent it! Perhaps you worry about, so many people living in the seabed, the environment will not occur the problem? Not. Harbour achieved without factory, but there are production. And no worse than the production of the land, because we row down the waste land, water, through the "decontamination robot" "pass" "make the robot" for processing, making available all kinds of things ... ... strange, wonderful sea world tour finished, how? I am sure you will feel the power of science is so magical. 2海洋污染的英语演讲稿Pollution in the ocean is a major problem that is affecting the ocean and the rest of the Earth, too. Pollution in the ocean directly affects ocean organisms and indirectly affects human health and resources. Oil spills, toxic wastes, and dumping of other harmful materials are all major sources of pollution in the ocean. People should learn more about these because if people know more about pollution in the ocean, then they will know more about how to stop pollution.What are toxic wastes?Toxic wastes are poisonous materials that are being dumped into the ocean. They harm many plants and animals in the ocean and have a huge impact on our health. Toxic waste is the most harmful form of pollution to sea life and humans. When toxic waste harms an organism, it can quickly be passed along the food chain and may eventually end up being our seafood. In the foodchain, one toxic organism gets eaten by another, larger animal, which gets eaten by another animal, and can end up being our seafood. T oxic waste gets into seas and oceans by the leaking of landfills, dumps, mines, and farms. Farm chemicals and heavy metals from factories can have a very harmful effect on marine life and humans.Many fishermen believe that the toxic chemicals in the ocean are killing much of the fish population. One of the most harmful chemicals in the ocean is lead. Lead can cause many health problems. It can damage the brain, kidneys, and reproductive system. Lead can also cause birth defects for people. It has been shown to cause low IQ scores, slow growth, and hearing problems for small children. House and car paint and manufacturing lead batteries, fishing lures, certain parts of bullets, some ceramic ware, water pipes, and fixtures all give off lead.Many things found in the ocean may cause seafood to be dangerous to human health. The effect on humans from contaminated seafood may include birth defects and nervous system damage. Medical waste found in the ocean is being tested to see if swimmers have a chance of developing Hepatitis or AIDS. Other waste has been known to cause viral and bacterial diseases. This type of pollution can be stopped by watching what pollution we are letting into the ocean. People are trying to decrease the amount of waste in the oceans by recycling as much garbage as they can so there is a smaller amount of very harmful materials in the ocean.Boating Pollution Prevention TipsWhenever someone takes their boat onto the water for a ride, it is creating pollution that can be very harmful to the sea life.Boating pollution is the pollution that comes from the boat’s engine when it is running, and it pollutes the water, killing animals with the chemicals in the exhaust from the engine. The engine gives off excess gasoline, which pollutes the waters and ends up killing the animals. In order to make as little pollution as possible, what everyone can do to help is:Only turn a boat engine on all the way when you need to.Don’t take your boat out into the water if you don’t need to.Be sure to store and transport gasoline in places where there isn’t any direct sunlight because the gasoline will evaporate, and all of the gases that have been evaporated will pollute the air.Every year, buy new or cleaner marine engines for your boats.Garbage DumpingGarbage dumping is the dumping of harmful materials into the ocean like human waste, ground-up garbage, water from bathing, and plastics. Most of the waste that has been dumped into the ocean in the early 1990’s is still there today. One main cause of garbage dumping occurs when sewage pipes share their space with storm water drains. Rainfall causes the sewage pipes to overflow and the sewage waste mixes with the storm water drain, which flows into another water source such as a lake or river. After that, the garbage pollutes the ocean, kills plants and animals in the water (for example, the plastic rings that are around pop cans can get around an animal’s neck, causing it to suffocate), and makes the water dirty.3海洋污染英语演讲稿Sea pollutionBetween 75 and 80% of marine pollution is caused by land,particularly agriculture. 30% of this is from the atmosphere. Around 12% of the pollution is caused by maritime transport.In South America, 98% of domestic wastewater ends up, untreated, in the sea. The countries along the Mediterranean Sea throw 50 million tons of waste into it every year and the Chinese throw 60 million tons of waste into the Yellow sea daily. Over half of the hydrocarbon discharge comes from continents, 5% comes from oil tanker accidents, 20% comes from waste and other ship-related accidents, 4% from sea exploitation and 11 to 15% is due to natural causes. Accidental pollution through hydrocarbon is significantly decreasing and only represents a small percentage of waste through degassing estimated at between 1.5 and 3 million tons of oil a year. In 2003, according to the WWF, between 0.7 and 1.3 million tons of oil were spread by degassing in the Mediterranean. According to the Ifremer (the French Institute for Exploitation of the Sea), coastal water pollution cost the world economy almost 12.8 billion dollars in 2015.Marine pollution is the result of products being thrown into seas and oceans, mostly by mnkind: domestic waste (sewage and rubbish, pollutants in runoff water...), industrial waste (hydrocarbons, metals, synthetic chemical and organic substances, radionuclides...) and agricultural waste (fertilisers, pesticides...).This includes water pollution and marine sediments, and more generally all damage to marine ecosystems caused by harmful substances being discharged into the sea, either by their nature or their quantity.【海洋污染的英语演讲稿】。
海洋污染治理英文作文
海洋污染治理英文作文英文回答：Ocean Pollution Management。
Ocean pollution, a pressing global crisis, threatensthe health of marine ecosystems and human populations alike. To address this multifaceted challenge, a comprehensive approach encompassing prevention, mitigation, and remediation is imperative.Prevention。
Preventing pollution at the source is paramount. Reducing plastic consumption, improving wastewater treatment, and promoting sustainable fishing practices are crucial steps. International agreements, such as the London Convention, provide frameworks for regulating marine disposal of hazardous substances.Mitigation。
When pollution does occur, measures to minimize its impact are essential. Oil spill contingency plans,including dispersants and containment booms, help mitigate environmental damage. Trash barriers and floating booms capture debris, preventing its dispersal and ingestion by marine life.Remediation。
ocean pollution作文
ocean pollution作文Ocean pollution is a major environmental issue that is threatening the health of our oceans. 海洋污染是一个严重的环境问题，正威胁着我们海洋的健康。
It is caused by a variety of sources, including oil spills, plastic pollution, and chemical runoff from factories and farms. 这是由各种原因造成的，包括油污泄漏、塑料污染，以及工厂和农场排放的化学物质。
These pollutants harm marine life, ecosystems, and the overall health of the ocean. 这些污染物危害海洋生物、生态系统，以及海洋整体的健康。
If we do not take action to address ocean pollution, the consequences could be devastating. 如果我们不采取行动解决海洋污染问题，后果将是灾难性的。
One of the most visible forms of ocean pollution is plastic waste. 最显著的海洋污染形式之一是塑料垃圾。
Plastic pollution can be found in the form of bottles, bags, straws, and other single-use items that are irresponsibly discarded and end up in the ocean. 塑料污染以瓶子、袋子、吸管等一次性用品的形式存在，这些物品被不负责任地丢弃并最终进入海洋。
海洋污染的三个基本流程
海洋污染的三个基本流程英文回答：Ocean pollution is a serious issue that has three basic processes: direct discharge of pollutants, atmospheric deposition, and coastal runoff.The direct discharge of pollutants into the ocean is a major contributor to ocean pollution. This can include dumping of waste from ships, oil spills, and industrial discharge. For example, when an oil tanker accidentally spills oil into the ocean, it can have devastating effects on marine life. The oil can coat the feathers of seabirds, making it difficult for them to fly, and can also suffocate fish and other marine animals.Atmospheric deposition is another process that contributes to ocean pollution. Pollutants in the air, such as mercury and sulfur dioxide, can be carried by winds and deposited into the ocean. These pollutants can have harmfuleffects on marine ecosystems. For instance, mercury can accumulate in fish and other seafood, posing a risk to human health when consumed.Coastal runoff is the third process that leads to ocean pollution. When rainwater washes over land, it can pick up pollutants like pesticides, fertilizers, and trash, andcarry them into the ocean. This can result in nutrient pollution, which can lead to harmful algal blooms and dead zones. For example, excess nutrients from agriculturalrunoff can cause massive blooms of algae, which deplete oxygen levels in the water and create dead zones where marine life cannot survive.In conclusion, ocean pollution is a complex issue with multiple processes at play. It is important for individuals, industries, and governments to take action to reduce pollution and protect our oceans for future generations.中文回答：海洋污染是一个严重的问题，有三个基本流程，直接排放污染物、大气沉降和沿海径流。
海洋污染的英语作文四级
海洋污染的英语作文四级English:Ocean pollution has become a significant environmental issue affecting marine life, ecosystems, and human health. The main sources of ocean pollution include plastic debris, chemicals from industrial activities and agriculture, oil spills, and sewage discharges. These pollutants not only harm marine animals and plants but also pose risks to human health through the consumption of contaminated seafood. In addition, ocean pollution can lead to the destruction of coral reefs, loss of biodiversity, and disruption of marine food chains. It is crucial for governments, industries, and individuals to take action to minimize ocean pollution by implementing strict regulations, promoting sustainable practices, and raising awareness about the importance of protecting the oceans for future generations.中文翻译:海洋污染已成为影响海洋生物、生态系统和人类健康的重要环境问题。
大海被污染英语小作文
The Cry of the Sea: The Tragedy of OceanPollutionIn the vastness of the ocean, a silent crisis is unfolding. The once pristine blue, once the epitome ofpurity and life, is now dying a slow death under the weight of human negligence. The sea, which has nourished us for centuries, is crying out in pain, its voice lost amidst the cacophony of industrialization and commercialization.The ocean covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, yetit remains one of the most neglected and abused ecosystems. From the depths of the Mariana Trench to the shallows of coral reefs, the ocean is home to an incredible diversityof marine life. However, this rich biodiversity is being decimated by a relentless assault from land-based pollution, overfishing, and climate change.Pollution, in particular, has become amajor scourge of the ocean. Chemical runoff from factories, oil spills from ships, and plastic waste from landfills all find their way into the sea, poisoning its waters and destroying its habitats. These pollutants not only harm marine life butalso pose a threat to human health, as we are part of the same interconnected ecosystem.The impact of pollution on the ocean is devastating. Fish stocks are collapsing, coral reefs are dying, andentire ecosystems are collapsing. The loss of biodiversity not only robs us of the beauty and wonder of the natural world but also undermines the vital ecological servicesthat the ocean provides, such as regulating climate, generating oxygen, and cycling nutrients.The time for action is now. We must recognize that the ocean is not a limitless dumping ground for our waste and negligence. We must take urgent measures to reduce pollution, protect marine life, and restore the health of our oceans. This requires a concerted effort from governments, industries, communities, and individuals.Governments must enforce strict environmentalregulations and invest in sustainable technologies that reduce pollution. Industries must adopt cleaner production methods and take responsibility for the waste they generate. Communities must raise awareness about ocean pollution and encourage sustainable practices. And individuals must makechoices that reduce their impact on the ocean, such as reducing single-use plastics, conserving water, and supporting sustainable seafood.In conclusion, the cry of the sea is a call to action. It is a reminder that we are all stewards of the Earth and have a responsibility to protect its fragile ecosystems. By working together, we can reverse the trend of ocean pollution and ensure a healthy and vibrant future for our oceans and ourselves.**大海的哭喊：海洋污染的悲剧**在广阔无垠的大海中，一场无声的危机正在上演。
海洋污染对我们有什么影响英语作文
海洋污染对我们有什么影响英语作文Ocean pollution, a growing concern in today's world, poses a significant threat to our environment and well-being. The impact of ocean pollution is far-reaching and encompasses various aspects of our lives, from the food we eat to the air we breathe.Marine pollution is caused by a range of human activities, including industrial discharges, oil spills, plastic waste, and agricultural runoff. These pollutants enter the ocean through various means, such as rivers, pipelines, and atmospheric deposition. Once in the ocean, these pollutants can have devastating effects on marine ecosystems, affecting both marine life and the overall health of the ocean.One of the most significant impacts of ocean pollution is the disruption of marine food chains. Pollutants can accumulate in the bodies of marine organisms, causing them to become toxic. This can lead to the death of marine life, disrupting the delicate balance of marine ecosystems. When these ecosystems are disrupted, it can have a domino effect on the entire food chain, affecting fish stocks and thefisheries industry, which is a crucial source of proteinfor many people around the world.Another impact of ocean pollution is the degradation of beach and coastal areas. Plastic waste, in particular, is a common sight on beaches and in the ocean. This waste not only looks unsightly but can also pose a threat to marine life and human health. Plastics can take hundreds of years to decompose, and in the meantime, they can release harmful chemicals into the ocean. This can contaminate shellfish and other marine organisms, which can then pose a risk to humans when consumed.Ocean pollution also has a significant impact on climate change. The ocean absorbs a large amount of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to regulate theearth's temperature. However, when the ocean is polluted,it can become less effective at absorbing carbon dioxide, leading to increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and exacerbating the problem of climate change. The impact of ocean pollution is not just limited to marine life and the environment. It also has a significant impact on human health and well-being. The ocean providesus with a range of resources, including food, medicine, and recreation. When the ocean is polluted, it can affect the quality and availability of these resources, leading to health problems and a decrease in the quality of life.In conclusion, ocean pollution has a wide range of negative impacts on our environment, health, and well-being. It is crucial that we take action to reduce the amount of pollution entering the ocean and protect its valuable resources. This can be achieved through a combination of measures, including reducing industrial discharges, improving waste management, and promoting sustainablefishing practices. By taking these steps, we can help to ensure that the ocean remains healthy and productive for future generations.**海洋污染对我们的影响**海洋污染，这一当今世界日益严重的问题，对我们的环境和福祉构成了重大威胁。
海洋污染 英文作文
海洋污染英文作文英文：Ocean pollution is a serious problem that affects not only marine life but also human health. There are many sources of ocean pollution, including industrial waste, sewage, and plastic waste. These pollutants can harm marine animals by causing physical harm, disrupting their reproductive systems, and poisoning them. In turn, humans who consume seafood that has been contaminated with pollutants can also suffer from health problems.One example of ocean pollution is the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, a massive collection of plastic waste that has accumulated in the Pacific Ocean. This garbage patch is estimated to be twice the size of Texas and is growing every year. The plastic waste in the patch can harm marine life by entangling them or being mistaken for food, leading to starvation and death.Another example of ocean pollution is oil spills. When oil spills occur, they can have devastating effects on marine life and the surrounding ecosystem. For example, the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 killed thousands of marine animals and caused long-term damage to the Gulf of Mexico's ecosystem.To address ocean pollution, we need to take action at both an individual and a global level. As individuals, we can reduce our use of single-use plastics, properly dispose of waste, and support organizations that work to protectthe ocean. At a global level, governments and industries need to implement regulations and policies to reduce pollution and protect the ocean.中文：海洋污染是一个严重的问题，不仅影响海洋生物，也影响人类健康。
海洋污染英语定义作文
海洋污染英语定义作文Ocean pollution refers to the contamination of the marine environment by various pollutants, leading toadverse effects on marine life, ecosystems, and ultimately, human health. This form of pollution encompasses a wide range of substances, including plastic debris, chemical pollutants, oil spills, sewage, and agricultural runoff.Plastic pollution is one of the most pervasive and visible forms of ocean pollution. Plastic debris, such as bottles, bags, and microplastics, finds its way into the ocean through improper disposal and runoff from land. These plastics can persist in the marine environment for hundreds of years, causing harm to marine animals through ingestion and entanglement. Additionally, plastic pollution poses a threat to marine ecosystems by disrupting food chains and altering habitats.Chemical pollutants, including heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, also contribute to oceanpollution. These pollutants enter the marine environment through various pathways, such as runoff from agricultural fields and industrial discharge. Once in the ocean, they can accumulate in the tissues of marine organisms, leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification within the food chain. This can have harmful effects on marine life, including reduced reproductive success, developmental abnormalities, and compromised immune systems.Oil spills are another significant source of ocean pollution. Accidental spills from oil tankers, offshore drilling rigs, and other industrial activities release large quantities of oil into the marine environment, forming slicks that can spread over vast areas of ocean. Oil spills have devastating effects on marine ecosystems, coating marine animals and plants with oil, suffocating them, and disrupting their ability to regulate temperature and buoyancy. Moreover, oil spills can have long-term ecological consequences, as oil can persist in the environment for years, affecting marine life and habitats.Sewage and nutrient pollution pose additionalchallenges to ocean health. Untreated sewage discharged from coastal cities and towns introduces pathogens, nutrients, and other contaminants into the marine environment, leading to algal blooms, hypoxia, and the proliferation of harmful bacteria. These pollutants can degrade water quality, harm marine organisms, and undermine the ecological balance of coastal ecosystems.Addressing ocean pollution requires concerted efforts at the local, national, and international levels. Strategies to combat ocean pollution include reducing plastic use and promoting recycling, improving waste management infrastructure, implementing regulations tolimit the discharge of chemical pollutants and oil spills, and investing in wastewater treatment technologies. Additionally, public awareness and education campaigns play a crucial role in fostering sustainable behaviors and promoting stewardship of the marine environment.In conclusion, ocean pollution poses a significant threat to marine life, ecosystems, and human well-being. Plastic debris, chemical pollutants, oil spills, sewage,and nutrient pollution all contribute to the degradation of ocean health. Addressing ocean pollution requires collaborative action to reduce pollution sources, improve waste management practices, and promote sustainable use of marine resources. By working together, we can protect and preserve the oceans for future generations.。
海洋污染英语定义作文
海洋污染英语定义作文英文回答：Ocean Pollution。
Ocean pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into the ocean environment. These materials can include chemicals, plastics, waste, and noise. Ocean pollution can have a devastating impact on marine life, ecosystems, and human health.Sources of Ocean Pollution。
There are many different sources of ocean pollution, including:Land-based sources: These are pollutants that enter the ocean from land-based activities, such as sewage, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff.Marine-based sources: These are pollutants that enter the ocean from activities that take place in the ocean, such as shipping, fishing, and oil and gas exploration.Types of Ocean Pollution。
There are many different types of ocean pollution, including:Chemical pollution: This is the introduction of harmful chemicals into the ocean environment. Chemical pollutants can include pesticides, herbicides, industrial chemicals, and heavy metals.Plastic pollution: This is the introduction of plastic materials into the ocean environment. Plastic pollution can include plastic bags, bottles, straws, and toys.Waste pollution: This is the introduction of waste materials into the ocean environment. Waste pollution can include sewage, food waste, and medical waste.Noise pollution: This is the introduction of noiseinto the ocean environment. Noise pollution can be caused by ships, construction, and military activities.Impacts of Ocean Pollution。
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Ocean PollutionBallast waterBallast water discharged by ships can have a negative impact on the marine environment. Cruise ships, large tankers, and bulk cargo carriers use a huge amount of ballast water, which is often taken on in the coastal waters in one region after ships discharge wastewater or unload cargo, and discharged at the next port of call, wherever more cargo is loaded. Ballast water discharge typically contains a variety of biological materials, including plants, animals, viruses, andbacteria. These materials often include non-native, nuisance, exotic species that can cause extensive ecological and economic damage to aquatic ecosystems.Sound pollutionNoise pollution caused by shipping and other human enterprises has increased in recent history. The noise produced by ships can travel long distances, and marine species who may rely on sound for their orientation, communication, and feeding, can be harmed by this sound pollution.The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species has identified ocean noise as a potential threat to marine lifeShip impactsMarine mammals, such a whales and manatees, risk being struck by ships, causing injury and death. For example, if a ship is traveling at a speed of only 15 knots, there is a 79 percent chance of a collision being lethal to a whale.One notable example of the impact of ship collisions is the endangered North Atlantic right whale, of which 400 or less remain. The greatest danger to the North Atlantic right whale is injury sustained from ship strikes. Between 1970 and 1999, 35.5 percent of recorded deaths were attributed to collisions. During 1999 to 2003, incidents of mortality and serious injury attributed to ship strikes averaged one per year. In 2004 to 2006, that number increased to 2.6. Deaths from collisions has become an extinction threat.Exhaust emissionsExhaust emissions from ships are considered to be a significant source of air pollution, with 18 to 30 percent of all nitrogen oxide and 9 percent of sulphur oxide pollution. The 15 biggest ships emit about as much sulphur oxide pollution as all cars combined. "By 2010, up to 40 percent of air pollution over land could come from ships." Sulfur in the air creates acid rain which damages crops and buildings. When inhaled the sulfur is known to cause respiratory problems and even increase the risk of a heart attack.According to Irene Blooming, a spokeswoman for the European environmentalcoalition Seas at Risk, the fuel used in oil tankers and container ships is high in sulfur and cheaper to buy compared to the fuel used for domestic land use. "A ship lets out around 50 times more sulfur than a lorry per metric tonne of cargo carried." Cities in the U.S. like Long Beach, Los Angeles, Houston, Galveston, and Pittsburgh see some of the heaviest shipping traffic in the nation and have left local officials desperately trying to clean up the air. Increasing trade between the U.S. and China is helping to increase the number of vessels navigating the Pacific and exacerbating many of the environmental problems. To maintain the level of growth China is currently experiencing, large amounts of grain are being shipped to China by the boat load. The number of voyages are expected to continue increasing.Oil spillsMost commonly associated with ship pollution are oil spills. While less frequent than the pollution that occurs from daily operations, oil spills have devastating effects. While being toxic to marine life,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the components in crude oil, are very difficult to clean up, and last for years in the sediment and marine environment. Marine species constantly exposed to PAHs can exhibit developmental problems, susceptibility to disease, and abnormal reproductive cycles. One of the morewidely known spills was the Exxon V aldez incident in Alaska. The ship ran aground and dumped a massive amount of oil into the ocean in March 1989. Despite efforts of scientists, managers, and volunteers over 400,000 seabirds, about 1,000 sea otters, and immense numbers of fish were killed.SewageThe cruise line industry dumps 255,000 gallons of greywater and 30,000 gallons of blackwater into the sea every day. Blackwater is sewage, wastewater from toilets and medical facilities, which can contain harmful bacteria, pathogens,viruses, i ntestinal parasites, and harmful nutrients. Discharges of untreated or inadequately treated sewage can cause bacterial and viral contamination of fisheries and shellfish beds, producing risks to public health. Nutrients in sewage, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, promote excessive algal blooms, which consumes oxygen in the water and can lead to fish kills and destruction of other aquatic life. A large cruise ship (3,000 passengers and crew) generates an estimated 55,000 to 110,000 liters per day of blackwater wasteSolid wasteSolid wastegenerated on a ship includes glass, paper, cardboard, aluminium and steel cans, and plastics. It can be either non-hazardous or hazardous in nature. Solid waste that enters the ocean may become marinedebris, and can then pose a threat to marine organisms, humans, coastal communities, and industries that utilize marine waters. Cruise ships typically manage solid waste by a combination of source reduction, waste minimisation, and recycling. However, as much as 75 percent of solid waste is incinerated on board, and the ash typically is discharged at sea, although some is landed ashore for disposal or recycling. Marine mammals, fish, sea turtles, and birds can be injured or killed from entanglement with plastics and other solid waste that may be released or disposed off of cruise ships. On average, each cruise ship passenger generates at least two pounds of non-hazardous solid waste per day. With large cruise ships carrying several thousand passengers, the amount of waste generated in a day can be massive. For a large cruise ship, about 8 tons of solid waste are generated during a one-week cruise. It has been estimated that 24 percent of the solid waste generated by vessels worldwide (by weight) comes from cruise ships. Most cruise ship garbage is treated on board (incinerated, pulped, or ground up) for discharge overboard. When garbage must be off-loaded (for example, because glass and aluminium cannot be incinerated), cruise ships can put a strain on port reception facilities, which are rarely adequate to the task of serving a large passenger vessel.Bilge waterOn a ship, oil often leaks from engine and machinery spaces or from engine maintenance activities and mixes with water in the bilge, the lowest part of the hull of the ship. Oil, gasoline, and by-products from the biological breakdown of petroleum products can harm fish and wildlife and pose threats to human health if ingested. Oil in even minute concentrations can kill fish or have various sub-lethal chronic effects. Bilge water also may contain solid wastes and pollutantscontaining high amounts of oxygen-demanding material, oil and other chemicals. A typical large cruise ship will generate an average of 8 metric tons of oily bilge water for each 24 hours of operation. To maintain ship stability and eliminate potentially hazardous conditions from oil vapors in these areas, the bilge spaces need to be flushed and periodically pumped dry. However, before a bilge can be cleared out and the water discharged, the oil that has been accumulated needs to be extracted from the bilge water, after which the extracted oil can be reused, incinerated, and/or offloaded in port. If a separator, which is normally used to extract the oil, is faulty or is deliberately bypassed, untreated oily bilge water could be discharged directly into the ocean, where it can damage marine life.A number of cruise lines have been charged with environmental violations related to this issue in recent years。