2020年公共英语三级常见语法：虚拟语气
2020年公共英语三级常见语法：虚拟语气第四节虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由if虚拟条件从句和主句构成。
一、虚拟语气的基本内容
根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语
气的if虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式：
假设类型If虚拟条件从句
主句与现在事实相反 Did/were Would/should do 与过去事实相
反 Had done Would/should have done 与将来事实可能相反 Were to do/did/should do Would/should do
例：1、I wouldn't talk that way if I were Peter.
2、If the whole operation had not been planned before hand, a great deal of time and money
would have been lost
3、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she
thinks that if she were to get a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.
4、I would ask George to lend us the money if I knew him.
5、Do you think there would be less conflict (战斗、斗争) in the world if all people spoke the same language.
6、If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time.
二、if的省略形式(又称虚拟语气的倒装结构)
在if虚拟条件从句中，如果谓语部分包含were，should，had等词，则能够把这些词放到主语前，省略if，构成虚拟语气的倒装结构。
三、主句与从句时间不一致时虚拟语气的构成
当虚拟语气的if虚拟条件从句和主句的动作发生的时间不一致时，要根据各自表示的时间采用对应的虚拟语气的构成形式。
例：1、If I had attended the meeting yesterday, I would know what happened now.
2、If you had taken our advice at that time, you would
not be in trouble now.
四、主观倾向性动词引导的虚拟语气的构成
在英语中存有一些动词，表示建议、命令、要求等主观的倾向，
由这些动词引导的that宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用should+动
词原形，should能够省略。这类常见的主观倾向性动词有“一坚持、
二命令、三建议、五要求”，分别是：
一坚持：insist 二命令：order、command 三建议：suggest、advise(n advice)、propose(提议、建议) 五要求：ask、demand、require、request、desire
例：1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan have an
operation right away so as to save his life.
2、His mother insisted that he put on the coat when going out. 同时，如果在题干中出现上面这些主观倾向性动词的名词和形容
词形式，题干中从句部分的谓语动词也要用should+动词原形，should 能够省略。考试中常见的词汇有：order，command，suggestion，advice，proposal，demand，request，desire，advisable，desirable.
五、wish that和if only引导的虚拟语气的构成
Wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句都用虚拟语气来表示一种没有实现或无法实现的愿望，其中wish that句型往往翻译为：多么希望?;if only表示的愿望较wish that更强烈，常翻译为但愿;要是?就好了。两者的用法基本相同。两者的用法是：1、当表示与现在的事实相反的一种愿望时，wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：did/were;
2、当表示与过去的事实相反的一种愿望时，wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：had done;
3、当表示未来一时很难实现的一种愿望时，wish that引导的宾语从句和if only引起的感叹句中谓语动词采用的形式是：would do.
六、would rather引导的虚拟语气的构成
Would rather的意思是“宁愿、宁可”其引导的宾语从句(一般省去that)通常用虚拟语气表示一种与事实相反的假设。我们能够假设A.B是两个人，通过牢记一下句式来记住其用法：
1、A would rather B did sth：表示与现在或将来事实相反的一种假设
2、A would rather B had done sth：表示与过去事实相反的一种假设
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2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.
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高中英语语法讲解--虚拟语气 1. 语气的定义和种类 （1）语气的定义 语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 （2）语气的种类 A. 陈述语气 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 We are not ready. Did it rain all day yesterday? What a fine day today！ B. 祈使语气 表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Be careful. Don’t forget to clo se the window. Open the door, please. C. 虚拟语气 表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 2. 虚拟语气 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用陈述语气。如： If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。 Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。 如： If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。 如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
大学英语语法-虚拟语气
虚拟语气 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. He wishes he hadn't lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去) 3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive) 你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到) Subjunctive Mood作为专门表达假设意义和其他非事实意义的动词形式，仅是古英语遗留下来的残余。它仅有两个形式，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。 Be型虚拟]----- be型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形，如动词为被动态，则助动词be也用原形。其主要用法如下： 1)用于表命令、决定、建议、坚持等词语之后的that分句中 这一用法又分三种情况： a)用在 decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,recommend,request,require, suggest,vote等动词之后的that分句中.（宾语从句） 在expect, believe, think, suspect等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中，我们经常用“should＋动词原形(或完成形式)”，表示惊奇，怀疑，不满等。 He ordered that all the books be sent at once. He ordered that all the books be sent at once. we propose that somebody neutral take the chair. She insisted that she go to the south for her holiday. b)用在 advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,nece ssary,obligatory,proper等形容词之后的that分句中。（主语从句） It is essential that all the facts be examined first. It was appropriate that thisi tax be abolished. I thousht it advisable that an armed guard stand in readiness. c)用在 decision,decree,demand,instruction,order,requirement,resolution等名词之后的that分句中。 The board has given instructions that the agent fly to Boston. We were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished. Their decision was that the school remain closed. 在这一用法中be型虚拟式能与“should+不定式”交替使用，也能与to-不定式交替使用。 He ordered that the books be sent at once . = He ordered that the books should be sent at onc. = He ordered that the books to be sent at once. 2）用于由if,though等引导的分句中.
最新整理公共英语三级考试经典语法讲解(10)
公共英语三级考试经典语法讲解(10) 虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示与客观事实相反的假设，由i f虚拟条件从句和主句构成。 一、虚拟语气的基本内容 根据虚拟与其这种与事实相反的假设所对应的时间不同，虚拟语气的i f虚拟条件从句与主句的谓语动词分别有三类构成形式： 假设类型I f虚拟条件从句 主句与现在事实相反 D i d/w e r e W o u l d/s h o u l d d o与过去事实相反 H a d d o n e W o u l d/s h o u l d h a v e d o n e与将来事实可能相反 W e r e t o d o/d i d/s h o u l d d o W o u l d/s h o u l d d o 例：1、I w o u l d n’t t a l k t h a t w a y i f I w e r e P e t e r. 2、I f t h e w h o l e o p e r a t i o n h a d n o t b e e n p l a n n e d b e f o r e h a n d,a g r e a t d e a l o f t i m e a n d m o n e y w o u l d h a v e b e e n l o s t 3、J e a n d o e s n’t w a n t t o w o r k r i g h t a w a y b e c a u s e s h e t h i n k s t h a t i f s h e w e r e t o g e t a j o b s h e p r o b a b l y w o u l d n’t b e a b l e t o s e e h e r f r i e n d s v e r y o f t e n.
(完整版)全国公共英语三级模拟试题及答案
2011年全国公共英语三级模拟试题及答案 Section I Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) （略） Section ⅡUse of English(15 minutes) Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or Don your ANSWER SHEET 1. Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work”. However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no :matches”37 “teams”of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities. A mountain climber 41 to improve on skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions 42 in their early twenties. But it is not 43 for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more 44 than younger men, but they probably climb more skill and less 45 of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
高考英语语法难点：虚拟语气
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood,又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小。 一、动词的语气 语气用来区别讲话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。英语中的语气(mood有三种,分别是陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 1.陈述语气 陈述语气一般用来叙述事实或就事实提出询问,主要用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。 Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。 Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能帮我把箱子搬到楼上吗? How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念乡村的生活啊! 2.祈使语气 祈使语气表示说话人向对方提出请求或下达命令。 Come this way,please! 请这边走。 Don't make any noise, will you 别吵,行吗? Do be careful when crossing the street. 过马路时一定要小心。 3.虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。 May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! 二、条件句中的虚拟语气 英语中条件从句有两类,一类是真实条件句,另一类是非真实条件句。如果假设的情况可能发生,是真实条件句;如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的,则是虚拟条件句。 A.真实条件句 真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。 If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八点不来,我们就不等他了。 If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.过去发生洪水的话,常有很大的生命和财产损失。 We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨,我们将去那里。 I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持车子干净,我就让你用我的自行车。 B.非真实条件句 在含有非真实条件句的复合句中,主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气,其构成有三种形式: 与现在事实相反if条件句的谓语:were did
高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有100万元，你会做什么？ We couldn?t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we
高考英语语法填空之虚拟语气
语言结构之虚拟语气（学生版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空，注意使用合适的情态动词助动词 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) 3. But for your help, I couldn’t _____ the place. (find) 4. If her lawyer _____ here last Sunday, he _____ her from going. (be, prevent) 5. If it had not been for the liberation, no changes _____ place in my hometown. (take) 6. If Miss Green _____ late tomorrow, who would take her place? (come) 7. It seems as if it ____ already summer now. (be) 8. I wish I _____ him the day before yesterday. (see) 9. I made the suggestion that they _____ the plan they had made. (stick) 10. It is suggested that a study plan _____ right now. (make) 11. They required that we _____ them get in the crops. (help) 12. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library, which made the smokers unhappy. (allow) 13.I’d rather Tom _____ tomorrow. (come) 14.It is about time you ____ the medicine, sir. (take) 15.If there _____ no electricity in the future, our life _____ a lot. (be, change) 16.Without the Communist Party there ____ New China. 17. What would have happened if you her child? (not help) 18. It is strange that he so. (think) 19. I wish I my uncle yesterday. (meet) 20. Galileo insisted that the earth round the sun. (move) 21. I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I to the meeting. (come) 22. Supposing the weather bad, where would they go? (be) 23. If only I to my parents’ advice!(listen) 24. I to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. (hope) 25. His silence at the meeting suggested that he to your plan. (agree) 26. Li Ling acted that way as though he a foreigner. (be) 语言结构之虚拟语气（教师版） 用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. If I _____ him yesterday I _____ him about it. (see, ask) had seen; would have asked 2. What do you think would happen if there _____ no light during the days? (be) were