上海牛津英语初中八种时态详解

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八年级牛津知识点总结

八年级牛津知识点总结八年级的学生即将毕业，他们所学的知识点也将要成为他们未来学习生涯的基础。

在这篇文章中，我们将会总结八年级牛津英语课程中的重点知识点。

一、语法1. 完成时态完成时态（present perfect tense）是英语中常用的一种时态，表示动作在过去已经完成，但对现在或将来产生影响或结果。

比如：I have done my homework.（我已经做完了我的作业。

）2. 过去进行时态过去进行时（past progressive tense）表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。

比如：I was cooking dinner when she called me.（当她给我打电话时，我正在做晚饭。

）3. 宾语从句在复杂句中，宾语从句起着重要的作用。

宾语从句以连词引导，通常放在动词后面，有时还需要使用连接词。

比如：I know that he is right.（我知道他是正确的。

）4. 并列连词并列连词（coordinating conjunction）用于连接两个相等的单词、短语或句子。

比如：I like apples and oranges.（我喜欢苹果和橙子。

）二、阅读5. 阅读理解阅读理解是英语考试的重要组成部分，也是学生英语学习的重要内容。

阅读理解包括阅读短文和回答问题；阅读短文并填写单词、短语或句子；阅读短文并完成句子；阅读短文并选择正确答案等。

6. 阅读技巧在阅读英语文章时，可以采用如下阅读技巧：先看标题；先快速浏览文章；注意关键词；留意标点符号等。

三、听力7. 听力技巧在听力考试中，需要注意如下听力技巧：听力材料开始前，注意背景知识、预测话题；听材料时，先完整听完一段话，看是否能够推断出大概意思；听完材料后，确认答案是否正确。

四、词汇8. 词汇积累词汇是语言学习的基石，也是语言运用的重要环节。

在学习词汇时，可以采用如下方法：背单词；建立联系；查字典。

9. 词汇运用在运用词汇时，需要注意词性、词义、词组、习惯用语等。

上海牛津英语初级中学八种时态详解(附试卷)

初中英语八种时态归纳复习一、一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性地动作，或存在地状态，还表示主语具备地性格和能力及客观真理.例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .(二)构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es.(三)句型1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他.She reads English everyday .2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他.He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning .3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？What time do you get up every morning ?Where does your father work ?（三）用法1、表示经常性或习惯性地动作，或存在地状态，带与表示频率地时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month．．．）, once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用.I leave home for school at seven every morning .2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句.The sun rises in the east .日出东方.The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转.3、当主句地谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句地谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生地动作.I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息.4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等.这里地目地是为了"描述现阶段地动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生地时间、或进行地状态".例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语.That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽地城市.Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长地河流之一.（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等.2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾地动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等.3、以辅音字母加y结尾地动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等.4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is一般现在时练习题1）用动词地适当形式填空1.I like ____________ (swim).2.He _________(read) English every day.3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.6.I can ________(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_________(make) a model plane.8.Do you ________(like)_________(run)?9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ?2）用所给地人称改写句子1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)二、一般过去时（一）结构一般过去时用动词地过去式表示.基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/ were+not was或were提前，放于句首行为动词didn’t+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时地句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称地主语连用.凡是由be动词做谓语地句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号.另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词地前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形.I was in Shanghai last year . I wasn’t in Shanghai last year .Was you in Shanghai last year ?He went to the park yesterday . He didn’t go to the park yesterday ?Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他.I was in Beijing yesterday .I went to the beach yesterday .2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他.主语+didn’t + V原+其他.I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday .I didn’t go to the beach yesterday .3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？Did +主语+V原+其他？Were you in Beijing yesterday ?Did you go to the beach yesterday ?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？Where were you yesterday ?Where did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生地动作或情况，常与明确地时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year…),…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用.如：At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生地动作，常与表示频度地时间状语连用.When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时.He said he wouldn’t go if it rained .（四）动词过去式地规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 结尾是字母e 地动词加-d, 如practice-practiced；3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y”地动词, 变“y”为“i”再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾地辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped.不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could动词过去式地记忆口诀动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记.否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添.一般过去时练习题一、写出下列动词地过去式1．look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—5.hope—6. trip—7. call—8. finish—9. want—10. are—11. go—12. have—13. do—14. get—e—16. say—二、Fill in the blanks.1. ____ she ____(sing)a song last night?2. --Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答)--______, _______ _______nobody.3. --_____(be) they at work this morning?--Yes. They ______ (have)a meeting together.4. --______ Joe ______ (do)well in the long-distance running?--Yes, he _______.5. –Where _____ Tina’s Family____(go)last Summer?--They _______ (go)to New York for their vacation.三、用所给动词地适当形式填空1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生地动作或存在地状态.There will be an English party next Saturday .We will come to see you tomorrow .（二）结构1、由will +动词原形构成，其will适用于各种人称，与主语连在一起时，常常缩写为’ll.变否定句时，只需在will后加not，可缩写为won’t .在疑问句中，will需提前，构成will+主语+动词原形地结构.He will arrive here this evening .他今晚抵达这里.2、shall+动词原形（常用于主语为第一人称）I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空.3、be going to+动词原形（打算、准备做某事）He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假.（三）用法1、表示在将来某个时间将要发生地动作或存在地状态，常与表示将来地时间状语，如：tomorrow, next day （week，month，year．．．．），this evening (weekend …), in the future , in a few minutes，the day after tomorrow ,by．．．，soon 等连用.I will pay a visit to Shanghai next week .I hope you won’t be late next time .2、当主句为一般现在时，在以after,when,while,as soon as ,if ,unless等引导地时间或条件句中，要用一般现在时表将来.I’ll do it better if the teacher gives me another chance .一般将来时练习题一、单项选择( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A. will be going toB. will going to beC. is going to beD. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.A. isn't workingB. doesn't workingC. isn't going to workingD. won't work( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A. will be; isB. is; isC. will be; will beD. is; will be( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A. wasB. is going to haveC. will haveD. is going to be( ) 5. -_____ you ______ free tomorrow? - No. I _____ free the day after tomorrow.A. Are; going to; willB. Are; going to be; willC. Are; going to; will beD. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.A. will givesB. will giveC. givesD. give( ) 7. - Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? -________. （不，不要.）A. No, you won't.B. No, you aren't.C. No, please don't.D. No, please.( ) 8. - Where is the morning paper? - I ________ if for you at once.A. getB. am gettingC. to getD. will get( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?A. There will beB. Will there beC. There can beD. There are( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.A. haveB. will haveC. hadD. would have二、动词填空1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.2. -How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?-I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.-I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.-What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?-I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.4. Mary's birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.四、过去将来时表示过去地某时以后将要发生地动作.但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到“现在”；而仅限于“过去时间区域内”.这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性地动作；C）表示过去情况中地“愿望”、“倾向”，多用于否定句.例如：When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们地反应是什么.She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行.He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿.例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意地.I said I would arrange everything. 我说我来安排一切.过去将来时练习题I. 选择填空1. Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A. as; comeB. was; would comeC. would be; cameD. will be; come2. Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A. spentB. would spentC. was going to spentD. would spend3. —What did your son say in the letter?—He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit4. I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to comeB. is comingC. will comeD. was coming5. Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A. tookB. would takeC. takesD. will takeII. 用所给动词地适当形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she ________(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she ________(not stay) here for long.3. I wasn’t sure whether Lucy_______(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the world’s population _______ (slow) down in future.5. She said the bus _______(leave) at five the next morning.五、现在进行时（一）结构由Be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing 构成.（二）用法1、表示说话时刻正在进行地动作及行为，或者包括说话时刻在内地一段时间正在进行地动作.常用时间状语及标志词：now( at the moment ) , listen , look , this week , this evening , these days 等.Listen , Someone is playing the piano in the next room .2、表示一种渐进地过程.My younger brother is becoming more and more insterested in English .3、与always , all the time , forever等连用，表示说话人某种强烈地情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等.例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己.She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错地.Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不满）我地一个室友老是乱扔东西.Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .（表示不喜欢）有些推销员老是敲我家地门,向我们推销他们地产品.4、表示移位地动词，如go,come,leave,start,arrive等，其现在进行时可表将来.She is leaving for Beijing next weak .My friend is coming for dinner .（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+ be(am／is／are) ＋动词—ing +其他.I am studying now .2、否定句：主语+ be +not+动词—ing +其他.I am not studying now .3、一般疑问句：Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？Is she studying now ? Yes ,she is ./No,she isn’t .4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ Be+主语+动词—ing +其他？What are you doing now ?（四）动词地现在分词形式构成地几种方法：1、一般在动词原形结尾直接加-ing .read-reading ，go-going ，visit-visiting2、以不发音字母e结尾地动词，去e再加-ing.live-living, write-writing，make-making,take-taking3、以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母地词，双写这个字母再加-ing . sit-sitting,begin-beginning,get-getting,run-running,put-putting4、少数几个以ie结尾地动词，变ie为y再加-ing.die-dying, lie-lying, tie-tying现在进行时练习题一、写出下列动词地现在分词：play______run__________swim________make_______go________like________ write_______read________have_______sing_______dance_______put______see_____buy______love__________live_______take________come________get________stop________sit________begin________shop__________二、用所给地动词地正确形式填空：1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls __________( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother ____________ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _____________( have) an English lesson .现在进行时态提高题一.填空题1．Mr Zheng _______________ (read) a book now.2. The rabbits _________________ (jump) now.3.. Look ! Tom and John ________________ (swim).4. My brother _________________ (make) a kite in his room now.5. Look! The bus _______________ (stop).6. We _______________ (have) an English class now.7. Listen! Someone is__________________(come).8. They ___________________(catch) butterflies now.9. He ______________________ (do) an experiment now.10. They _____________________(collect) stamps now.六、过去进行时（一）结构由was/were+动词-ing构成.（二）用法表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生地动作.动作发生地特指时间常用一个短语或时间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when 或while引导地时间状语从句等.My family were watching TV at this time yesterday .注意：（1）以when引导地时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行.When he called me , I was having dinner .（2）以while引导地时间状语从句中，从句与主句地动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while常译为“当……地时候，同时”.Tom was doing his hmework while hie sister was watching TV .过去进行时练习题一、用动词地适当形式填空1. While we __________ (wait) for the bus, a girl __________ (run) up to us.2. I __________ (telephone) a friend when Bob __________ (come) in.3. Jim __________ (jump) on the bus as it __________ (move) away.4. We __________ (test) the new machine when the electricity __________ (go) off.5. She __________ (not want) to stay in bed while the others _______________ (all, work) in the fields.二、选择题1.I ______ cooked a meal when you _____ me.a. cooked, were ringingb. was cooking, rangc. was cooking, were ringingd. cooked, rang2.He said he _____ to draw a plane on the blackboard at that time.a. triesb. triedc. was tryingd. will try3.While she ______ TV, she ______ a sound outside the room.a. was watching, was hearingb. watched, was hearingc. watched, heardd. was watching, heard4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.a. were watchingb. watchc. watchedd. are watching5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?a. did, read, was seeingb. did, read, sawc. were, reading, sawd. were, reading, was seeing七、现在完成时（一）含义现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成地动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说, 动作或状态发生在过去但它地影响现在还存在.e.g. I have lost my wallet. (含义是：现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(含义是：已可以吃饭了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是：现在仍然很虚弱.)He has returned from abroad. (含义是：现在已在此地)（二）结构助动词have /has+动词过去分词，主语为第三人称单数用has，其他人称用have .（三）句型1、肯定句：主语+have /has+动词过去分词+其他.I have studied English for 5 years .2、否定句：主语+have /has+not +动词过去分词+其他.We haven’t been there .3、一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？Has he eaten that apple ?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ have /has +主语+动词过去分词+其他？（四）用法1、现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻地、持续到现在地情况,常与for, since连用.e.g. Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.2、现在完成时往往同表示不确定地过去时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等：e.g. He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3、现在完成时常常与表示频度地时间状语连用e.g. Have you ever been to Beijing?I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4、现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内地时间状语连用，如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等.e.g. Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has bee too much rain this year.The relations between us have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5、现在完成时表示现在之前就已完成地动作, 虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续, 但是有一些现在完成时地句子，在后面加上for+一段时间，则现在完成时地动作就表示延续性.e.g. Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.)6、现在完成时还可以用来表示过去地一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生地动作.e.g. We have had four texts this semester.现在完成时中地时间状语：★already通常用于肯定句中，意为“已经”，位于行为动词之前, be动词、助动词之后.有时可放在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶.例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already？★yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；用于否定句中，表示“还(没)”.例如：—Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他地表吗？—No, not yet. 是, 还没有.★ever意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止地时间.例如：Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？Nothing has ever happened here. 这里未曾发生过什么事.★never意为“（曾经）从未、没有”, 是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间.ever与否定词not 连用相当于never.例如：I haven’t ever spoken to her. = I have never spoken to her. 我从未跟她讲过话.★just意为“刚刚”, 用于现在完成时, 表示行为刚刚过去, 位于助动词与过去分词之间.e.g. He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来.★just now意为“刚才”, 表示过去某时, 用于一般过去时, 位于句首或句尾均可.e.g. He came from school just now.他刚才从学校回来.★for 和since地用法及区别.for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用.注意：since 后接过去时地时间状语或过去时地句子.e.g. I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I haven’t seen her since she left Shanghai.I saw Ping Ping six years ago. Since I havenever seen her.★have/has gone to、have/has been to 和have/hasbeen in地区别.have/ has gone to 去了,在去某地地路上或在某地, 人还未回来have/ has been to 曾经去过, 人已经回来了have/ has been in 已经在, 常与一段时间连用e.g. She has been to Shanghai before. 她以前曾去过上海.She has been in Shanghai for ten years. 她在上海10年了.Has he gone to Qingdao? 他去青岛了吗？但不能说Have you gone to Qingdao?区分短暂性动词与持续性动词.表示短暂性(瞬间性)地动词在现在完成时地句中不能和一段时间连用.短暂性地动词如：come，go，join，leave，buy等，在完成时态中不能与for,since短语或How long等引起地时间状语连用.瞬间动词不能直接与for，since 连用，要改变动词为延续性动词.瞬间动词转换为延续性动词：buy ---- have borrow ---- keep•arrive/ come---- be in /at leave ----away (from)•join----be a member of/be in•die--- be dead get up ---- be up•get married---- be married go there ---- be there•begin/start---- be on stop---- be over•open ---- be open现在完成时与一般过去时地区别：一般过去式：过去时表示过去某时发生地动作或单纯叙述过去地事情，强调动作.现在完成时：为过去发生地，强调过去地事情对现在地影响，强调地是影响.现在完成时强调过去发生地动作与现在地联系，对现在地影响.一般过去时强调过去发生地动作或状态，与现在没有联系.现在一看时间状语.如果句中没有表示过去确切时间地状语，常用现在完成时；如果有，则只能用一般过去时.如：I have visited the factory.I visited the factory last year.二看句首有无疑问词.如果笼统地问人家做过某事了吗（句首无疑问词），常用现在完成时；但进一步询问何时、何地、何原因、用什么方式做那事时（句首有疑问词）就要用一般过去时.如：－Have you had your breakfast? －Yes, I have.－When did you have it? －At seven thirty.注意：这种用法是以连贯性问答为背景地.否则就需要具体情况具体分析.如：How many words have you learned by heart?How did you learn them by heart?三看句中谓语动词是否为延续性动词.如果表示地动作或状态一直延续到现在，最好选用延续性动词，并使用现在完成时；如果是瞬间动词，则用一般过去时.如：He has been a league member for two months.He joined the Youth League two months ago.现在完成时练习题一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still3、Have you met Mr Li ______？Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two yearＡ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; goodＣ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. Knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see9、-These farmers have been to the United States .-Really ? When _____ there ?Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finishedＣ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish二、句型转换3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)This factory ________ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)___________________________________________二、句型转换.1、has he?2、How long3、died, has been dead4、has been open5、has been away6、joined；ago7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.八、过去完成时（一）过去完成时地概念过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一事件之前已经发生地动作或状态，即过去地过去.图示如下：----|-------------------------- |---------------------------|----------------------->过去完成过去现在将来（二）构成1、肯定句：主语+had＋过去分词When we got there, the football match had already started.2、否定句：主语+had not+过去分词He hadn’t worked for two years by then.3、疑问句：had+主语+过去分词…？Had he finished the work by last month?（三）用法1、过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成地动作或状态; 句中常用by, before, until, when 等词引导地时间状语.e.g. By the time she got up, her brother had already gone into the bathroom.2、过去完成时地动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生地动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去.例如：Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后地宾语从句.例如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.4、在过去不同时间发生地两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时.例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.5、by the time “直到……时候”.指从过去某一点到从句所示地时间为止地一段时间.如：By the time we got to his house, he had finished supper.6、表示意向地动词, 如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等, 用过去完成时表示“原本…，未能…”.例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.过去完成时练习题1. 单项选择1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A. where I had beenB. where I had goneC. where had I beenD. where had I gone2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?A. did, doB. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten.A. learnedB. was learningC. had learnedD. learnt4. She ______lived here for ______ years.A. had, a fewB. has, severalC. had, a lot ofD. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.A．had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she __________ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.A. has hidden, fromB. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, withD. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.A. has completed universityB. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.A. forB. inC. byD. at10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the pianoD. learns ,piano.2.用动词地适当形式填空1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house. 7B测试卷笔试部分第一节单项选择（共10 小题；每小题１分，满分10分）1. The trees are the biggest and oldest living things _____.A. on EarthB. on the earthC. on EarthsD. on the earths2. I will do ____ best to help you with your English.A. meB. myC. mineD. myself3. The man cares a lot ______ his wife and children.A. toB. fromC. aboutD. of4. --- The watch is expensive. Why ______ a cheaper one?---The watch is very good and I like it.A. don’t buyB. not buyC. not to buyD. not buying5. Beijing is a beautiful city ________ a long history.A. hasB. forC. ofD. with6. Look! The children ______ kites over there.A. are flyingB. is flyingC. flyD. flies7. Beijing is ________ its roast ducks.A. famous forB. famous toC. famous inD. famous on8. What do you mean ________“cut down the water”?A. onB. ofC. inD. by9. I didn’t go to bed until eleven last night,_____ I got up late this morning.A. butB. becauseC. soD. since10. When she got to the top of the hill, she stopped_____.A. to having a restB. having a restC. to have a restD. have a rest第二节语法选择(共5 小题；每小题1分，满分5分)Most big cities ___11____ the United States are built on land without hills. People in these cities can’t see very far from their houses. When they look ___12____ their windows, they can only see tall buildings. ____13_____ they look only inside when they choose(选择) their houses. They want a house with nice rooms to ____14___. When people in San Francisco choose ____15____, they look not only inside but also outside. They want a house with both nice rooms and a fine view.11. A. on B. with C. in D. around12. A. at B. out of C. from D. up13.A. Then B. When C. So D. Because14.A. look B. live in C. see D. look at15. A. theirs B. them C. their D. they三、完型填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Mary, Lucy and Dick are good friends. They are talking about their favorite __16___ in a year.Mary 17_ December best because her birthday is in December. She 18__ play happily and get many nice things from her parents and friends. It often snows in December, and Mary likes 19 the white snow very much.Lucy’s 20 month is July because she can have a long summer holiday. Every summer holiday, her parents 21 her to visit many interesting places. Lucy likes swimming very much, 22 , and she can swim a lot in summer.Dick thinks March 23 the best month in a year. It’s very sunny, 24 not too hot. People can go out to enjoy the fresh air. He likes playing soccer 25 his friends in the park.16. A months B. years C. weeks D. week17. A. like B. likes C. don’t like D. doesn’t like18. A. can B. can’t C. like D. likes19. A. play B. plays with C. playing with D. play with20. A. favorite B. best C. like D. likes21. A. takes B. took C. will take D. take22. A. too B. also C. either D. to23. A. am B. are C. is D. be24. A. because B. or C. but D. so25. A. and B. with C. in D. /四、阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给地A 、B、C、和D项中，选出最佳选项，并把答案写在答题卷上.(A)People in many countries are learning English. Some of them are little children. Some are adults. Some learn English at school. Some learn English by themselves. A few learn English over the radio, on TV or in films.Why do all these people want to learn English? Many boys and girls learn English at school, because it is one of their subjects. They must study their own languages, maths, English and other subjects. Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Some people learn English for their further (进一步地) studies, because some of their books are in English in university (大学). Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English.26. People learn English _________.A. at schoolB. over the radioC. on TVD. all of the above。

上海中考英语复习-八大时态

上海中考英语复习-八大动词时态一、一般现在时1、结构肯定式：主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式：主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他一般疑问句式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ am/ is /are (否)No，主语+am/is/are not肯定句式：主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式：主语+（助动词) don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他一般疑问句式：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答: (肯)Yes，主语+do/does （否)No，主语+do/does not缩写形式：don’t = do not doesn’t = does not2、用法1）表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的副词连用.常用的频度副词有: always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes，every week (day，year, month…）, once a week，on Sundays。

频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。

例如：He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天经常游泳。

I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning。

每天早上我七点离开家。

2）表示现在的状态。

例如：My father is at work。

He is very busy. 我父亲在工作，他很忙。

The boy is twelve。

这男孩十二岁.3）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。

例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球.My sister is always ready to help others 。

我妹妹总是乐于助人。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well。

八年级上册英语牛津版笔记

八年级上册英语牛津版笔记以下是八年级上册牛津版英语的学习笔记：Unit 1：现在和过去1. 现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）：表示正在进行的动作或正在发生的情境。

结构为“be动词+动词-ing”。

例如：I am studying English。

2. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）：表示已经完成的动作或已经发生的情境。

结构为“have/has+过去分词”。

例如：I have studied English for two years。

3. 一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）：表示过去某个时间点的动作或情境。

结构为“动词的过去式”。

例如：I studied English last year。

4. 过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）：表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。

结构为“was/were+动词-ing”。

例如：I was studying English at 10 o’clock yesterday。

5. 过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）：表示在过去某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。

结构为“had+过去分词”。

例如：I had studied English before I came to the UK。

Unit 2：频率和频率副词1. 频率副词（Frequency Adverbs）：表示动作发生的频率，如always、usually、often、sometimes、never等。

2. 表示频率的句型：“How often do you/does sb. do sth.?”例如：“How often do you go to the cinema?”3. 表示频率的单词和短语：once a week、twice a month、three times a year等。

Unit 3：将来时间1. 一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）：表示将来某个时间点将要发生的动作或情境。

初中英语时态8种基本时态讲解

初中英语时态8种基本时态讲解初中英语中，常见的有8种基本时态，分别是：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时和过去将来时。

以下是这8种基本时态的详细讲解：1. 一般现在时：表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

结构为“动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式”。

例如：“I have a cat.”2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作。

结构为“be动词+动词的现在分词”。

例如：“She is reading a book.”3. 现在完成时：表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或完成的动作。

结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”。

例如：“I have finished my homework.”4. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

动词形式为“动词的过去式”。

例如：“She was at the park yesterday.”5. 过去进行时：表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”。

例如：“They were having dinner at 6 o’clock.”6. 过去完成时：表示过去的过去，即某个过去的动作之前已经完成的动作。

结构为“had+动词的过去分词”。

例如：“By the end of last year, they had built 500 houses.”7. 一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

结构为“will+动词原形”或“am/is/are going to+动词原形”。

例如：“We will visit the museum next week.”8. 过去将来时：表示从过去的某一时刻看，将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

结构为“would+动词原形”或“was/were going to+动词原形”。

例如：“He said he would come back soon.”以上就是初中英语8种基本时态的讲解，希望对你有帮助！。

初中英语八大时态知识点详解 4

初中英语八大时态知识点详解英语中动词共有16种时态。

初中阶段共出现了8种，它们是：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时、过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

中考重点考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种时态。

1、一般现在时（1）谓语构成：是由“动词原形”或“动词第三人称单数形式”（当主语为第三人称单数）、“be 动词（am/is/are）”构成。

（2）各种句式变化：否定形式是在动词前加don’t或doesn’t。

如果是be动词，则直接在be 后加not。

一般疑问句要借助do或does，后面的动词改为原形。

如果是be动词，则把be 动词放到句首。

如：He is a teacher. // He is not a teacher. // ---- Is he a teacher? --- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)I go to school by bike. // I don’t go to school by bike. // ---- Do you go to school by bike? ---- Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)He eats an egg at breakfast. // He doesn’t eat an egg at breakfast.---- Does he eat an egg at breakfast? ---- Yes, he does. (No, he doesn’t)（3）一般现在时的基本用法1.He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.2.Every dog has its day. 凡人皆有得意日。

3.Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

4.The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

上海牛津版初中英语语言点及语法总结

上海牛津版初中英语语言点及语法总结一、基本语法1.时态牛津版初中英语教材主要涉及到的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时等。

学生需要掌握这些时态的用法和常见的表示方式。

2.名词牛津版初中英语教材会涉及到一些名词的用法，如可数名词与不可数名词的区别、名词的单复数形式等。

学生需要了解名词的基本概念以及如何正确使用名词。

3.形容词和副词在牛津版初中英语教材中，会介绍一些常用的形容词和副词以及其比较级和最高级的用法。

学生需要学会正确地使用形容词和副词来描述事物的特征和状态。

4.代词牛津版初中英语教材中会涉及到人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词和不定代词等的用法。

学生需要学会使用不同的代词来替代或指示不同的事物。

5.动词在牛津版初中英语教材中，会介绍一些常用的动词和动词短语的用法。

学生需要学会正确地使用动词和动词短语来表达行为、状态和变化等。

6.句子结构牛津版初中英语教材中会涉及到一些句子的结构，如肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句等的构成方式和用法。

学生需要学会正确地构造各种不同类型的句子。

7.从句牛津版初中英语教材中会介绍一些常用的从句的用法，如宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句等。

学生需要学会理解从句的作用和用法，并正确地构造各种不同类型的从句。

二、语言点1.日常交际用语牛津版初中英语教材中注重培养学生的交际能力，会提供一些日常生活中常用的交际用语。

学生需要学会运用这些用语与他人进行正常的日常交流。

2.生活常识和文化知识牛津版初中英语教材中会涉及到一些生活常识和文化知识，如国家、城市、节日、传统习俗等。

学生需要了解这些常识和知识，扩大自己的视野和知识面。

3.阅读理解和听力牛津版初中英语教材中提供了一些阅读理解和听力训练的材料，帮助学生提高自己的阅读理解和听力技能。

学生需要通过阅读和听力训练，培养自己的语言理解和应用能力。

4.写作技巧牛津版初中英语教材中会介绍一些写作技巧，如如何写日记、如何写情书、如何写旅行日志等。

牛津上海版8A语法时态综合讲解及练习(有答案)

语法：时态语态综合初中阶段考查8种时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时和过去将来时。

今天我们涉及6个时态，分别是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时。

英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，目前中考主要考查一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时这四种时态的被动语态以及含情态动词的被动语态。

只有及物动词才有被动语态。

它的基本结构为：be动词+及物动词的过去分词。

所有的时态变化在be动词上。

动词时态：动词语态注意以下几种被动语态的特殊情况：一．被动语态中不定式要还原Let/make/see/hear/watch sb. do sth.----- sb. be let/made/seen/heard/watched to do sth.My mother made me look after the little sister yesterday.----I was made to look after the little sister by my mother yesterday.二．有些动词没有被动语态。

(及物动词才有被动语态)1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die，disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.2) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn3) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch，agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to4) 系动词无被动语态：appear, be，become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。

牛津上海版八年级初二下册英语第2讲-时态(2)

教育 1对 3指导讲义学员姓名：学科教师：年级：八年级指导科目：英语讲课日期时间主题时态（2）1.掌握时态的基本观点；学习目标 2.掌握和各样时态连用的时间状语；3.能在详细的语境中采用正确的时态。

教课内容1、上一次课后稳固作业复习；2、互动探究I. 时态复习【知识梳理1】此刻进行时1.表示正在发生的动作或许当前一段时间内正在进行的动作（但说话时这个动作不必定在进行）Come on! We are choosing presents for John th birthday’s. 20What lesson are you studying this week?Mr. Brown is a teacher of maths ， but he is now teaching computer lessons.2. 用 look!listen!等开头，重申某人正在做某事.Look ， it ’ s snowing heavily outside and everywhere is in white.Listen! Someone is playing the drum next door.3. 表示不停重复的动作，常带always，constantly，forever，all the time等频度副词，并且带有感情色彩。

Alice is always helping others and doing volunteer work in the community.He is changing his mind all the time so that it’ s hard for others to understand him.4.位挪动词如： arrive ， come， go， leave 等常用进行时表示马上发生的动作。

Liu Xiang is leaving for Paris for the match on Wednesday. Paulis arriving in Australia tomorrow after six months in Europe.5.表示渐进的过程，往常合用于get， grow ， become ， turn ， run ， go， begin 等表示“转变”的动词。

初中英语八大时态归纳总结

初中英语八大时态归纳总结
以下是初中英语八大时态的归纳总结：
1. 一般现在时：表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

动词一般用原形或第三人称单数形式。

2. 现在进行时：表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。

动词用“be + -ing”
形式。

3. 现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

动词用“have/has + -ed”形式。

4. 现在完成进行时：表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。

动词用“have/has + been + -ing”形式。

5. 一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

动词用过去式形式。

6. 过去进行时：表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。

动词用“was/were + -ing”形式。

7. 过去完成时：表示过去的过去，即某个过去的动作之前已经完成的动作。

动词用“had + -ed”形式。

8. 过去完成进行时：表示过去的过去，即某个过去的动作之前一直持续到那个时刻的动作。

动词用“had been + -ing”形式。

以上是初中英语的八大时态，理解和掌握这些时态对于英语学习和交流非常重要。

牛津英语初中八种时态总结

A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
基本结构：have/has + done
否定形式：have/has + not +done.
一般疑问句：have或has放句首。
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should提到句首。
Ⅱ.几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is +一段时间+ since +一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since +一般过去时”的句型中。请看：

沪教牛津版八年级英语下册语法精讲及练习

语法知识现在进行时一.现在进行时表示的意义：1.表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调动作发生的时间是此时此刻。

例如；I am reading an English book. 我正在看一本英语书。

She is watching TV. 她正在看电视。

2.表示目前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。

例如：What lessons are you studying this week? 你们本周学哪些课了？Tom’s parents are working in China this year. 汤姆的父母今年一直在中国工作。

二.现在进行时的句子结构：现在进行时由“助动词be + 动词的现在分词”构成，be (am, is, are)是助动词，不做联系动词用，不解释“是”。

其句子结构为：1.肯定句由“主语 + be + v.-ing + 其他”构成。

例如：I am cleaning the classroom. 我正在打扫教室。

They are playing the piano.2. 否定句由“主语 + be + not + v.-ing + 其他”构成。

例如：He is not watching TV. 他没在看电视。

They are not writing. 他们没在写东西。

3. 一般疑问句由“Be + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他？”构成，其肯定答句为“Yes, 主语 + be”否定答句为“No, 主语 + be + not”。

例如：—Is she listening to the music? 她正在听音乐吗？—Yes, she is. / no, she isn’t. 是的，她在听。

/ 不，她不在听。

—Are they running? 他们正在跑步吗？—Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. 是的，他们在跑。

/ 不，他们不在跑。

4. 特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + v.-ing + 其他？”构成。

初中英语八大时态笔记

初中英语八大时态笔记以下是初中英语的八大时态笔记：1、一般现在时用法：表示习惯、经常性动作；表示现在的状态、性格、能力。

结构：be动词（am/is/are）+动词原形（如：I am a student.）2、现在进行时用法：表示此时此刻正在进行的动作或状态。

结构：be动词（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词（ing形式，如：he is studying.）3、现在完成时用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。

结构：have/has+动词的过去分词（如：I have finished my homework.）4、现在完成进行时用法：表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

结构：have/has+been+动词的现在分词（如：I have been studying for two hours.）5、一般过去时用法：表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。

结构：动词的过去式（如：I went to the park yesterday.）6、过去进行时用法：表示过去某个时间正在进行的动作或状态。

结构：was/were+动词的现在分词（如：I was watching TV at 8 o'clock yesterday.）7、过去完成时用法：表示在过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作或状态。

结构：had+动词的过去分词（如：I had finished my homework before dinner.）8、过去完成进行时用法：表示在过去某个时间之前一直持续到那个时间的动作或状态。

结构：had been+动词的现在分词（如：I had been studying for two hours before dinner.）。

牛津版八年级英语上册语法知识点总结

牛津版八年级英语上册语法知识点总结1. 时态1.1 一般现在时- 表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

- 构成：主语 + 动词原形。

1.2 一般过去时- 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。

- 构成：主语 + 动词过去式。

1.3 一般将来时- 表示将来会发生的动作或存在的状态。

- 构成：主语 + 情态动词（will/shall）+ 动词原形。

2. 被动语态2.1 被动语态的构成- 一般现在时：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词。

- 一般过去时：主语 + was/were + 过去分词。

- 一般将来时：主语 + will be + 过去分词。

2.2 被动语态的用法- 强调动作的承受者。

- 表示动作的执行者不重要或未知。

3. 情态动词3.1 情态动词的用法- can表示能力或可能性。

- may表示请求或允许。

- must表示肯定推测或强制。

- should表示应该或建议。

- shall表示承诺或警告。

- will表示意愿或将来时。

3.2 情态动词的辨析- can和may表示可能性，但can表示能力时不能用may替换。

- must表示肯定推测时，后句用否定形式；表示强制时，后句用肯定形式。

- shall和will表示意愿，但shall用于第一人称，will用于第三人称。

4. 句子结构4.1 简单句- 包含一个主语和一个谓语。

- 例如：The cat sleeps.4.2 并列句- 包含两个或多个主语和谓语，用并列连词连接。

- 例如：The cat sleeps, and the dog barks.4.3 复合句- 包含一个主句和一个或多个从句。

- 例如：The cat sleeps when the sun sets.4.4 复杂句- 包含一个主句和两个或多个从句。

- 例如：The cat sleeps when the sun sets, and the dog barks at night.5. 疑问句5.1 一般疑问句- 采用倒装结构，将助动词或情态动词移至主语前。

牛津上海版7A 八大时态专项讲解及练习

牛津上海版7A 八大时态专项讲解及练习分类：动词基本形式：动词的五种基本形式：动词原形，第三人称单数，现在分词，过去分词和过去式。

形式构成例词动词原形不带to 的动词不定式形式 be, have, do, learn 第三人称单数形式在动词原形后加-sruns, likes 以ch, sh, s,o,x 结尾的动词后-esteach -teaches wash -washespass -passes以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词，先将y 变成i 再加esstudy -studies try -tries以元音字母加y 结尾的动词后加-s stay -stays play -plays 现在分词在动词原形后加ingread -reading以不发音的e 结尾的词，去掉e 再加inglive -living write -writing以辅元辅重读闭音节结尾的词，双写该辅音字母后再加ingsit -sitting begin -beginning一般现在时：原形或第三人称单数过去时：过去式现在进行时：am/is/are+现在分词完成时：have/has+过去分词过去进行时：were/was+现在分词完成时：had+动词过去分词常见 8 种如work-works-working-worked-worked.用法：一般现在时基本用法介绍概念：表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。

例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning.She has big eyes,small mouth and long hair.用法：1.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。

如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

2.表示客观现实。

如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

3.在时间状语从句中（以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导）和条件状语从句中（以if, unless引导）,用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。

初中英语的八大时态结构

初中英语的八大时态结构英语中八种基本时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、—般将来时、过去将来时。

一、一般现在时基本结构：1）动词+原形（如主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词上要加s,es,或变y为i,再加es）2）如果含有be动词：主语+is/am/are+形容词/名词/介词短语等（主语为第三人称单数用is,主语为I用am,主语为复数用are）例句：Our teachers always arrive early.I am an English teacher.二、一般过去时基本结构：1）主语+动词过去式2）如果含有be动词：主语+was/were+形容词/名词/介词短语等（主语为单数用was,主语为复数用are）例句：She sang a song in class yesterday.They were here just now.三、现在进行时基本结构：am/is/are+doing（主语为I用am,主语为第三人称单数用is,主语为复数用are）例句：It's getting colder and colder.They are doing well in their lessons.四、过去进行时基本结构：was/were + doing例句：She was working at nine o'clock yesterday?When I arrived, they were reading a story.五、现在完成时基本结构：has/have + done(过去分词）（主语为单数用has,主语为复数用have）例句：It has rained recently.They have lived here for more than twenty years.六、过去完成时基本结构：had + done（过去分词）例句：By the end of last week，they had reviewed four books.He had bought the car before 2003.七、一般将来时基本结构：1)is/am/are + going to + do（主语为第三人称单数用is,主语为I用am,主语为复数用are）2) shall/will + do（主语为第一人称可用shall/will,其他人称用will）例句：We are going to visit the factory tomorrow.I think she will be back next week.八、过去将来时基本结构：1）was/were + going to + do（主语为单数用was,主语为复数用were）2）would + do例句：They told me they would go to Beijing.The doctor asked who was going there.。

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教学目标：了解各种时态的意义、构成以及用法，会在做题中进行运用教学重点：八种时态的用法教学难点：八种时态之间的联系和区别教学过程：1、时态讲解2、时态题目练习3、事态辨析4、家庭作业（中考真题练习）初中英语八种时态归纳复习一、一般现在时（一）定义表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。

例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning .She is at home .(二)构成主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加s/es。

(三)句型1、肯定句：主语+谓语+其他。

She reads English everyday .2、否定句：主语+don’t/doesn’t+谓语+其他。

He doesn’t get up at 6:30 in the morning .3、一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+V原+其他？Do you like English ? Yes ,I do ./No, I don’t .4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+do/does+主语+V原+其他？What time do you get up every morning ?Where does your father work ?（三）用法1、表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，带与表示频率的时间状语如：often , sometimes , usually，always , everyday year，month．．．）, once/twice a week (month , year , etc.) , seldom , on sundays等连用。

I leave home for school at seven every morning .2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。

The sun rises in the east .日出东方。

The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。

3、当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。

I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。

4、仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。

这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。

例如：He can speak five foreign languages .他能说五种外语。

That is a beautiful city .那是座美丽的城市。

Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。

（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。

2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;如：dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。

3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。

4、动词have遇在主语是第三人称单数时，have改为has，如：He has an interesting book .5、动词be遇有主语是第一人称单数时，be改为am，遇有主语是第二人称时，be改为are，遇有主语是第三人称单数时，be改为is一般现在时练习题1）用动词的适当形式填空1.I like ____________ (swim).2.He _________(read) English every day.3.We _________(go)to school at seven in the morning.4.Mike________(go)to school at seven in the morning.5.My mother________(like) ______(go) shopping.6.I can ________(draw) many beautiful pictures.7.She_________(make) a model plane.8.Do you ________(like)_________(run)?9.Does he_________(like)_________(jump) ?10.Does Nancy_________(grow)flowers on Saturday ?2）用所给的人称改写句子1.I take photos on Sunday. ( Mike)2.We grow beautiful flowers. (she)3.They like collecting stamps. (Ben)4.I listen to music carefully. (my aunt)5.You like making a model ship. (Helen)二、一般过去时（一）结构一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。

基本结构否定句一般疑问句Be动词was/ were+not was或were提前，放于句首行为动词didn’t+do（动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）注：在一般过去时的句子中，谓语动词可分为两类一类是be动词，其形式为was与第一、三人称单数连用，were与第二人称和复数人称的主语连用。

凡是由be动词做谓语的句子，变否定句时，直接在其后加not,即wasn’t 或weren’t，变一般疑问句将was/ were放在句首，句末用问号。

另一类谓语动词是由行为动词来充当，如stayed\went\visited等,这一类动词做谓语时，可与任何人称连用，句子变否定时，要在主语后面，动词的前面加didn’t，动词用原形；一般疑问句是把did提到句首，动词用原形。

I was in Shanghai last year . I wasn’t in Shanghai last year .Was you in Shanghai last year ?He went to the park yesterday . He didn’t go to the park yesterday ?Did he go to the park yesterday ?（二）句式1、肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他。

I was in Beijing yesterday .I went to the beach yesterday .2、否定句：主语+wasn’t 或weren’t+其他。

主语+didn’t + V原+其他。

I wasn’t in Beijing yesterday .I didn’t go to the beach yesterday .3、一般疑问句：was/ were+主语+V原+其他？Did +主语+V原+其他？Were you in Beijing yesterday ?Did you go to the beach yesterday ?4、特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ was/ were+主语+其他？特殊疑问词+did+主语+V原+其他？Where were you yesterday ?Where did yougo yesterday ?（三）用法1、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况，常与明确的时间状语连用，如：yesterday,last week(month , year…),…ago,the other day ,just now ,at the age of…,in 1980等连用。

如：At the age of ten ,she began to learn to play the piano .2、表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。

When I was a child ,I often play the football in the street .3、在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时态代替过去将来时。

He said he wouldn’t go if it rained .（四）动词过去式的规则变化1) 一般情况下, 在动词原形末尾加-ed ; 如look-looked2) 结尾是字母e 的动词加-d, 如practice-practiced；3) 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词, 变“y”为“i”再加ed, 如study studied;4) 重读闭音节结尾, 双写动词尾的辅音字母，再加ed, 如stop stopped。

不规则动词表Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tensecatch caught come camedo did draw drewdrink drank drive droveeat ate fall fellam is was are werebegin begun break brokebring brought build builtbuy bought can could动词过去式的记忆口诀动词一般过去时, 表示过去发生事；be用was或用were, have, has变had；谓语动词过去式, 过去时间坐标志；一般动词加- ed, 若是特殊得硬记。

否定句很简单, 主语之后didn’t添；疑问句也不难, did放在主语前；如果谓语之前有did, 谓语动词需还原；动词若是was, were, 否定就把not添。

一般过去时练习题一、写出下列动词的过去式1．look— 2. live— 3. stop— 4. carry—5.hope—6. trip—7. call—8. finish—9. want—10. are—11. go—12. have—13. do—14. get—e—16. say—二、Fill in the blanks.1. ____ she ____(sing)a song last night?2. --Were there any people in the room? (作否定回答)--______, _______ _______nobody.3. --_____(be) they at work this morning?--Yes. They ______ (have)a meeting together.4. --______ Joe ______ (do)well in the long-distance running?--Yes, he _______.5. –Where _____ Tina’s Family____(go)last Summer?--They _______ (go)to New York for their vacation.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.8. What _________ she _________ (find) in the garden last morning?She _________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.9. It _________ (be) Ben's birthday last Friday10. 10. We all _________ (have) a good time last night.三、一般将来时（一）概念表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。