第七讲修辞格的翻译 ppt课件
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确切)
暗喻;Metaphor 1) 何等动人的一页又一页篇章! 这是人类思维的花朵。
(徐迟:《哥德巴赫猜想》)What inspiring chapters!
They are the flowers of the human brainwork.
2) 霎时间,东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。(袁鹰: 《十月长安街》)At once,the Eastern and Western
夸张; Hyperbole
1)我从乡下跑到京城里,一转眼已经六年
了。(鲁迅:《一件小事》)Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I
came to the capital city from the countryside.
2) She is the prettiest girl in the world. 她
the square.
3) After a happy day,she had a sleepless night. 她在度过欢乐一天之后,
却又熬过一个不眠之夜。
4) In the examination,the boy threw a nervous glance at the teacher,who
英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以 直译 :
as cold as ice 冰冷 as hot as fire 火热 as hard as rock 坚如磐石 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
下面的直译生动形象,也能被中国读者 所理解接受:
as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 as bold as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛 as cheerful as a lark 像云雀一样快活 as blind as a bat 瞎得像蝙蝠
拟人;Personification
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔,虽然下自山脚,上至岭 顶,长满了珍贵的林木,可是谁也不孤峰突起, 盛气凌人。(老舍:《小花朵集》)All the
ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance,though
2) He drove as if possessed by the devil.
他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
这个辞格在汉语和英语修辞里有着共同
的特点,那就是明显地打比方,在本体
和喻体之间都出现显而易见的喻词,如: 汉语里的 “像”、“好像”、 “比如”、
“仿佛”、“好比”、“像……一样”、 “如……一般”等等;英语里的like,as, as if,as though 等等。在翻译时,我们 可利用其共同特点,用译文中相应的喻 词来译原文里本体之间的喻词。
4) His brother is a disturber of the piano keys. (= pianist)他哥哥是一个 跟钢琴键找麻烦的人。(=钢琴家)(这 一折绕句有着幽默的效果。)
折绕就是有话不直说,却故意绕个弯子, 用迂回曲折的话来代替的一种修辞方式。
移就;Hypallage
1) 然而悲惨的皱纹,却也从他的眉头和嘴角出
现了。(《鲁迅全集》第二卷)Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his
eyebrows and round his mouth.
2) 广场上又烧起欢乐的篝火。(曲波:《林海
雪原》)Jubilant bonfires were lit again on
1 直译法 ——对可译的辞格,尽可能直译
明喻;暗喻;拟人;夸张 讳饰;转喻;省略;折绕 移就;呼告;递升;递降;反语 跳脱; 排比; 设问; 反问; 谲辞
明喻 Simile
1) 刘玉翠回到村里,就好比是住进了监 牢里。(康濯《春种秋收》)Having
returned to the village,Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into prison.
门去寻找机会,揪着耳朵把它拖回来。”
3) How soon hath Time,the subtle thief of youth,stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! (John Milton)
时间,这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷,盗
窃了我二十又三年飞走了。
words;speech)纸墨能割断人的喉管,嗓音能震动整 个世界。(纸墨=写几个字;嗓音=说几句话)
有时采用意译更为合适
1) Great minds think alike. (= Great
people think alike.)英雄所见略同。 (不宜译成 “伟大的脑袋所见略同。”)
2) Gray hair should be respected.
2) “When did he say this?”
“At the playground. And walking home. Yesterday.”
(= “He said this at the playground when he was
walking home yesterday.”(John Cheever:The Season of Divorce)
their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
2)“Don’t talk to me about no opportunity any
more. Opportunity’s knocking down every door in the country,trying to get in. When I
但部分明喻采用了语义双关,不能从字面上进 行翻译,我们只要译出其实际意思便可:
as cool as a cucumber 非常冷静(×像黄
瓜一样镇定)
as sharp as a needle 十分精明 (×像针一
样精明)
as tight as a drum 非常不肯花钱 (×像鼓
一样紧)
as sure as a gun 一点不错 (×像枪一样
修辞与翻译
常用英汉修辞手段:simile明喻; metaphor 暗喻; metonymy转喻/借代; synecdoche 提喻;personification拟人; hyperbole夸张; antithesis对偶; pun 双关; irony反语; euphemism委婉; circumlocution 迂回climax渐进; parallelism平行; onomatopoeia 拟声; aposiopesis 跳脱;rhetorical question 设问
was obviously suspicious of his cheating. 在考场上,那个男孩用紧张的眼光瞥了 老师一眼,老师显然怀疑到他在作弊。
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人 有关的抽象物或具体物,这种貌似错误、 实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就” (hypallage),它通过词语巧妙的“移 植”,来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效 果。
(gray hair = the aged)老年人应受到 尊敬。(不宜译成 “灰头发应受到尊 敬。”)
省略;Ellipsis 1) 得到母亲去世的消息,我很悲痛。(“得到”=
“我得到”)(朱德: 《母亲的回忆》)On hearing of
my mother’s death,I was caught in a tremendous grief. (“on hearing of”= “as soon as I heard of ”)
转喻;Metonymy 1) 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面,弯了腰,去研究背
心上的文字。(鲁迅:《示众》) Baldy,standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin,stooped to
study the characters written on his jerkin.
Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans. 3) Jane’s uncle is an old fox,up to all kinds of evils.
简的叔叔是个老狐狸,什么坏事都干得出来。
4) After that long talk,Jim became the sun in her
on your face!”
2) 胡思乱想,一夜也不曾合眼。(曹雪芹: 《红楼梦》,第十二回)(“不曾合眼”意为 “没睡着觉”。)Indulging himself in wild
fancies,he did not close his eyes throughout
the night.
3) Her olfactory system was suffering from a temporary inconvenience. (= Her nose was blocked.)她的嗅觉系统 暂时有些不便。(=她鼻塞。)
是世界上最漂亮的姑娘。
讳饰;Euphemism (委婉语)
1)尤氏道:“我也暗暗地ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้人预备了。——就是那件 东西,不得好木头,且慢慢地办着罢。”(曹雪芹: 《红楼梦》,第十一回)“I’ve secretly sent people to get things prepared. But they haven’t found good
2) His wife spent all her life on the stage. ( =
theatrical profession)他的妻子在舞台上度过了一生。 (=戏剧工作,表演艺术)
3) Paper and ink cut the throats of men,and the sound of a breath many shake the world. (= written
was young,a man had to go out and find
opportunity and drag it home by the ears.” (Kurt Vonnegut: Tom Edison’s Shaggy Dog)
“休说什么机会难逢。机会正在国内每家每户 敲门,想要进去呢。 我年轻那会儿,人们得出
wood for that thing yet,so we have to wait.”
2) His daughter is rather weak in the head. 他的女儿
脑子不太好使。
(原文用 “weak in the head”来回避 “stupid”或 “foolish”这两个词,译文用 “脑子不太好使”来代替 “笨”或 “蠢”字。)
heart. 那次长谈之后,吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
汉语的暗喻和英语的暗喻都不露比喻的 痕迹,把甲直接说成 “ 是”乙或“变成 了”乙,常用的喻词在汉语里有 “是”、
“变成”、“变为”、“成为”、“成 了”、“当作”等,英语里常用 “be”作 喻词,也用 “become”,“turn into”等 词语。暗喻在翻译中一般也可采取直译。
“他什么时候说这话的?”“在广场上。昨天回家的路 上。”
英语里还有一种省略形式叫 asyndeton,即连 词省略,我们也可用直译方法
1) He has provided the poor with jobs,with opportunity,with self-respect. (在 with selfrespect 之前省去了连词 and。)他给穷人提 供了工作,提供了机会,提供了自尊。
2) They smiled,shook hands,parted. (在 parted 之前省去了 and。)他们微微一笑,相 互握手,分手告别。
折绕;Periphrasis
1) “孔乙己,你脸上又添上新伤疤了!”(鲁迅: 《孔乙己》)(“ 添上新伤疤”意为 “又挨
打了”。)“Kong Yiji! You’ve got fresh scars
暗喻;Metaphor 1) 何等动人的一页又一页篇章! 这是人类思维的花朵。
(徐迟:《哥德巴赫猜想》)What inspiring chapters!
They are the flowers of the human brainwork.
2) 霎时间,东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。(袁鹰: 《十月长安街》)At once,the Eastern and Western
夸张; Hyperbole
1)我从乡下跑到京城里,一转眼已经六年
了。(鲁迅:《一件小事》)Six years have passed by in a twinkle since I
came to the capital city from the countryside.
2) She is the prettiest girl in the world. 她
the square.
3) After a happy day,she had a sleepless night. 她在度过欢乐一天之后,
却又熬过一个不眠之夜。
4) In the examination,the boy threw a nervous glance at the teacher,who
英语里 as ... as ...结构的明喻大多可以 直译 :
as cold as ice 冰冷 as hot as fire 火热 as hard as rock 坚如磐石 as light as feather 轻如鸿毛
下面的直译生动形象,也能被中国读者 所理解接受:
as busy as a bee 像蜜蜂一样忙碌 as bold as a lion 像狮子一样勇猛 as cheerful as a lark 像云雀一样快活 as blind as a bat 瞎得像蝙蝠
拟人;Personification
1) 每条岭都是那么温柔,虽然下自山脚,上至岭 顶,长满了珍贵的林木,可是谁也不孤峰突起, 盛气凌人。(老舍:《小花朵集》)All the
ridges were so amiable. None of them stood above the others with arrogance,though
2) He drove as if possessed by the devil.
他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
这个辞格在汉语和英语修辞里有着共同
的特点,那就是明显地打比方,在本体
和喻体之间都出现显而易见的喻词,如: 汉语里的 “像”、“好像”、 “比如”、
“仿佛”、“好比”、“像……一样”、 “如……一般”等等;英语里的like,as, as if,as though 等等。在翻译时,我们 可利用其共同特点,用译文中相应的喻 词来译原文里本体之间的喻词。
4) His brother is a disturber of the piano keys. (= pianist)他哥哥是一个 跟钢琴键找麻烦的人。(=钢琴家)(这 一折绕句有着幽默的效果。)
折绕就是有话不直说,却故意绕个弯子, 用迂回曲折的话来代替的一种修辞方式。
移就;Hypallage
1) 然而悲惨的皱纹,却也从他的眉头和嘴角出
现了。(《鲁迅全集》第二卷)Miserable wrinkles began to appear between his
eyebrows and round his mouth.
2) 广场上又烧起欢乐的篝火。(曲波:《林海
雪原》)Jubilant bonfires were lit again on
1 直译法 ——对可译的辞格,尽可能直译
明喻;暗喻;拟人;夸张 讳饰;转喻;省略;折绕 移就;呼告;递升;递降;反语 跳脱; 排比; 设问; 反问; 谲辞
明喻 Simile
1) 刘玉翠回到村里,就好比是住进了监 牢里。(康濯《春种秋收》)Having
returned to the village,Liu Yucui felt as if she had got into prison.
门去寻找机会,揪着耳朵把它拖回来。”
3) How soon hath Time,the subtle thief of youth,stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year! (John Milton)
时间,这个盗窃青春的狡猾的小偷,盗
窃了我二十又三年飞走了。
words;speech)纸墨能割断人的喉管,嗓音能震动整 个世界。(纸墨=写几个字;嗓音=说几句话)
有时采用意译更为合适
1) Great minds think alike. (= Great
people think alike.)英雄所见略同。 (不宜译成 “伟大的脑袋所见略同。”)
2) Gray hair should be respected.
2) “When did he say this?”
“At the playground. And walking home. Yesterday.”
(= “He said this at the playground when he was
walking home yesterday.”(John Cheever:The Season of Divorce)
their slopes were fully covered with precious trees.
2)“Don’t talk to me about no opportunity any
more. Opportunity’s knocking down every door in the country,trying to get in. When I
但部分明喻采用了语义双关,不能从字面上进 行翻译,我们只要译出其实际意思便可:
as cool as a cucumber 非常冷静(×像黄
瓜一样镇定)
as sharp as a needle 十分精明 (×像针一
样精明)
as tight as a drum 非常不肯花钱 (×像鼓
一样紧)
as sure as a gun 一点不错 (×像枪一样
修辞与翻译
常用英汉修辞手段:simile明喻; metaphor 暗喻; metonymy转喻/借代; synecdoche 提喻;personification拟人; hyperbole夸张; antithesis对偶; pun 双关; irony反语; euphemism委婉; circumlocution 迂回climax渐进; parallelism平行; onomatopoeia 拟声; aposiopesis 跳脱;rhetorical question 设问
was obviously suspicious of his cheating. 在考场上,那个男孩用紧张的眼光瞥了 老师一眼,老师显然怀疑到他在作弊。
把本来用以修饰人的形容词移属于同人 有关的抽象物或具体物,这种貌似错误、 实为妙用的修辞格叫做 “移就” (hypallage),它通过词语巧妙的“移 植”,来取得常规搭配所无法得到的效 果。
(gray hair = the aged)老年人应受到 尊敬。(不宜译成 “灰头发应受到尊 敬。”)
省略;Ellipsis 1) 得到母亲去世的消息,我很悲痛。(“得到”=
“我得到”)(朱德: 《母亲的回忆》)On hearing of
my mother’s death,I was caught in a tremendous grief. (“on hearing of”= “as soon as I heard of ”)
转喻;Metonymy 1) 秃头站在白背心的略略正对面,弯了腰,去研究背
心上的文字。(鲁迅:《示众》) Baldy,standing almost directly opposite White Jerkin,stooped to
study the characters written on his jerkin.
Chang’an Roads became roaring oceans. 3) Jane’s uncle is an old fox,up to all kinds of evils.
简的叔叔是个老狐狸,什么坏事都干得出来。
4) After that long talk,Jim became the sun in her
on your face!”
2) 胡思乱想,一夜也不曾合眼。(曹雪芹: 《红楼梦》,第十二回)(“不曾合眼”意为 “没睡着觉”。)Indulging himself in wild
fancies,he did not close his eyes throughout
the night.
3) Her olfactory system was suffering from a temporary inconvenience. (= Her nose was blocked.)她的嗅觉系统 暂时有些不便。(=她鼻塞。)
是世界上最漂亮的姑娘。
讳饰;Euphemism (委婉语)
1)尤氏道:“我也暗暗地ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้人预备了。——就是那件 东西,不得好木头,且慢慢地办着罢。”(曹雪芹: 《红楼梦》,第十一回)“I’ve secretly sent people to get things prepared. But they haven’t found good
2) His wife spent all her life on the stage. ( =
theatrical profession)他的妻子在舞台上度过了一生。 (=戏剧工作,表演艺术)
3) Paper and ink cut the throats of men,and the sound of a breath many shake the world. (= written
was young,a man had to go out and find
opportunity and drag it home by the ears.” (Kurt Vonnegut: Tom Edison’s Shaggy Dog)
“休说什么机会难逢。机会正在国内每家每户 敲门,想要进去呢。 我年轻那会儿,人们得出
wood for that thing yet,so we have to wait.”
2) His daughter is rather weak in the head. 他的女儿
脑子不太好使。
(原文用 “weak in the head”来回避 “stupid”或 “foolish”这两个词,译文用 “脑子不太好使”来代替 “笨”或 “蠢”字。)
heart. 那次长谈之后,吉姆成了她心中的太阳。
汉语的暗喻和英语的暗喻都不露比喻的 痕迹,把甲直接说成 “ 是”乙或“变成 了”乙,常用的喻词在汉语里有 “是”、
“变成”、“变为”、“成为”、“成 了”、“当作”等,英语里常用 “be”作 喻词,也用 “become”,“turn into”等 词语。暗喻在翻译中一般也可采取直译。
“他什么时候说这话的?”“在广场上。昨天回家的路 上。”
英语里还有一种省略形式叫 asyndeton,即连 词省略,我们也可用直译方法
1) He has provided the poor with jobs,with opportunity,with self-respect. (在 with selfrespect 之前省去了连词 and。)他给穷人提 供了工作,提供了机会,提供了自尊。
2) They smiled,shook hands,parted. (在 parted 之前省去了 and。)他们微微一笑,相 互握手,分手告别。
折绕;Periphrasis
1) “孔乙己,你脸上又添上新伤疤了!”(鲁迅: 《孔乙己》)(“ 添上新伤疤”意为 “又挨
打了”。)“Kong Yiji! You’ve got fresh scars