英语专四语法
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sｂｈad ｄoｎe，主句sb wouｌd(sｈoｕlｄ, ｃould, miｇht)＋hａvｅｄoｎe；2、省略ｉf,从句的语序用到装，即将ｗere,hａd或shoulｄ移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句ｓb dｉd (ｓhoｕｌd+ｄｏ或were+tｏdo)，主句sb would (shoｕld，cｏuld, ｍight)＋do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb hａd dｏne,主句sb wｏulｄ(sｈoｕld, could, mｉght)+do;考点２：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insisｔ,ｏrdeｒ，cｏmmaｎｄ, sｕｇgest, aｄvise, prｏpose, a ｓk，reqｕire, ｒｅｑuesｔ，ｄemａnd引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点３:Iｔis ＋advｉsable,eｓｓenｔiａl, importaｎt, iｍpeｒative，iｎcｒediｂｌe等从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点4：it is(ｈｉgh/abouｔ)tiｍe that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much aｓ"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用ｗｏuｌd havｅdone表示假设。
考点6：if oｎlｙ, wish，as iｆ/as ｔhoｕgｈ引导从句，与过去事实相反:ｈad ＋ｄone；与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/woｕld＋ｄo考点7：ｗｏｕld rather／ｓoｏｎer从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点８:ｌesｔ/ foｒfear that+(shｏulｄ) ＋原形动词。
专四语法 可可英语
专四语法可可英语好的，以下是一篇有关可可英语专四语法的文章：可可英语专四语法精讲一、虚拟语气虚拟语气是英语语法中一个非常重要的部分，在专四考试中也是必考的知识点。
虚拟语气用来表示与实际情况相反的情况或者表达主观上的愿望、建议、猜测等。
虚拟语气的用法包括与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反和与将来事实相反三种情况。
1. 与现在事实相反：使用动词的过去式（be动词用were），从句使用would+动词原形。
例如：If I were you，I would choose to study abroad.（如果我是你，我会选择出国留学。
）2. 与过去事实相反：使用“would+have+过去分词”，从句使用“had+过去分词”。
例如：If we had known the answer，we would have told you.（如果我们知道答案，我们早就告诉你了。
）3. 与将来事实相反：使用“would+动词原形”，从句使用“were+to+动词原形”或者“should+动词原形”。
例如：If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be postponed.（如果明天下雨，足球比赛就会被推迟。
）二、定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的另一个重要知识点，也是专四考试的重点。
定语从句用来修饰名词，通常放在所修饰名词之后。
引导定语从句的关联词包括that、which、who、whose等。
1. 使用that的情况：当先行词为all、something、nothing、this等不定代词时，或者先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，多用that引导定语从句。
例如：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.（这是我读过的最有趣的书。
）2. 使用which的情况：当引导词前面有逗号或放在句末时，通常使用which。
英语专四语法复习内容
英语专四语法复习内容想要通过英语专四考试，就必须掌握英语专四的语法。
那么英语专四的语法有哪些呢?下面由店铺为大家整理的英语专四语法内容，希望大家喜欢!英语专四语法内容一 There be 结构1. There be结构There were very few people left when we got there.There have been many such incidents.Nearby there had been a fight in full progress.也可以是情态动词 +beThere can be very little doubt about his guilt.There may always be instances about which we are uncertain. There ought to / should be some instructions on the lid.还可以是There +情态动词+ be 的完成时There may have been an accident.If the criminal had come this way, there would be / would have been footprints. There should / ought to have been someone on duty all the time.2. There + 半动词+ be，这里很少用完成体形式.There is certain to be trouble at the factory.There is sure / likely to be some rain tonight. There seems / appears to be no doubt about it.3. There be结构也可有被动式，这类there be结构有些可以与there be结构的一般形式相互转换。
专四语法(做完题总结)
1. to protest against ... 意为“抗议，反对”。
to protect ... (from ...) 意为“保护……（使之不受……）”。
to preserve 意为“保护，防护，维护”。
to prosecute 意为“对……起诉；进行，坚持下去”。
2. decline 意为“婉谢，谢绝”，指对别人的邀请、帮助等比较委婉地回绝。
refuse 意为“拒绝”，指对别人的要求、请求等比较直率的，有时比较不客气的拒绝。
refute 意为驳斥，反驳4. run down 意为“（动力等）耗尽；（身体）衰弱，疲乏；（钟表）停了，(使)失灵”。
run up 意为“升起（旗帜）；欠下（钱财）”。
run over意为“撞倒，辗过”。
run off意为“撵走，吓跑”6. superior 意为“优越的，优良的”，后接介词to，表示比较，单词本身没有比较级。
通常在前面加“far”表示“比……好得多9. see （to it ）that……意为“务必，留神，注意做到”10. call off 意为“取消”。
call out 意为“叫（请）出来；叫出（名字）”。
call to 意为“向……喊”。
call on 意为“号召，呼吁，要求”。
11. would rather 表示愿望，后接的宾语从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，用过去时；表示与过去事实相反的愿望时，用过去完成时。
13. adapt意为“改编，翻改；使适应”。
add 意为“增加，加强”。
adopt意为“采纳，采取（态度）；收养”。
adjust 意为“调整，适应”。
15. limitation意为“限制，局限”。
boundary 意为“边境线，分界线”。
confinement意为“限制（在范围内），监禁”，。
restraint意为“抑制，遏制，制止”，常接介词from16. put ... up意为“留……住宿；举起；搭建”。
专四语法讲义
专四语法部分一、总体概况：语法考点：三大从句——名词、定从、状从非谓语动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词其他二、从句讲解三大从句（一）三大从句五种基本句式主语+谓语vt+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+补语主语+谓语vi+状语主语+系动词+表语状语，主语（定语）谓语宾语状语(定从) 系动词表语（状从）（同位语）（非谓语）（非谓语）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）长难句解题技巧：抓住干，定从句逗号原则：在英语句子中，逗号是不能连接两个独立完整的句子的。
名词性从句三大从句（二）两步解题法1.抓连词2.状从中的连接词——常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result that so thatthat引导名词性从句——that+完整句子（1）主语从句e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.强调句式It is/was+被强调部分+that+不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g. I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.(2)宾语从句主+谓语vt+（that）+完整句子e.g. I know (that) he passed the exam.（3）表语从句主+系动词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow.There is/are +抽象名词+that+完整句子Answer,belief,concept,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,evidence,sign,fact,hope,idea,informati on,knowledge,suggestion,thought,probability…On the condition that…Despite the fact that…On the understanding that…that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each…the first the lastthe only the veryn+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子that 引导限定性定从n+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.三大从句（三）What=all that; the thing that; the person thatWhat 只引导主从、宾从、表从,不能引导定从和同位从What+不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. _____it turned out,it was Italian movie.A What_____it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词______+ 不完整句子n A what Xvt/介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词，_______+不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat 与how 的区别I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of ______to do about it.A.whatB. how介词短语在句子的位置1）作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2）作定语n+介短3）作表语系+介短wh—ever与no matter wh—区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens,don’t panic.公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about _______they might control the experiences of children to duce responsible and productive adults.A. whatB. howC. whateverD. however if 与 whether 的区别 if_______about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. A) whatB) whether C) while D) if Never ask a child _______he likes or dislikes.A) what B) whether C) that D) which We know, however,________ no two places are exactly the same. A) Although B) whether C) since D) that 三大从句（四） 定语从句两步解题法1. 抓先行项（指人、物、整句话内容）2. 抓关系词在定语从句中的成分e.g. This is the house_______①I once lived.②I once visited.①where/in which②that/which/xThis is the very house_________ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day______①I met him.②I spent with him.①when/on which②that/which/xI’ll never forget the very day______ I spent with him. 地点n where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间n when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi 主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补 主+谓vi 主+系+表 三大从句（五）Which 在专四考试中，只考定语从句。
英语专四语法考点总结
一、语法部分考查重点1、虚拟语气的考点为： would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2、状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引导的比较状语从句。
3、独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4、情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5、定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
二、词汇部分考查重点1、动词、名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break等构成的短语。
专四语法——精选推荐
一、附加疑问句 (2)二、比较句式 (2)三、倒装 (4)四、虚拟语句 (5)五、非谓语动词 (8)六、从属分句 (10)(一)状语从句 (10)(二)关系从句（定语从句） (13)(三)名词性从句 (14)一、附加疑问句附加疑问句由两部分组成，前面是一个陈述句，后面是一个简短问句，下面分析几种特殊的附加疑问句形式：1. 如果陈述部分是祈使句，附加疑问句部分一般使用will you, w on’t you例如：Pass me some salt, won’t you?递给我一些盐，好吗？2. 如果陈述部分的主语是this, that, these, those时，附加疑问句部分的主语为it或they例如：This is exciting, isn’t it?这很令人兴奋，不是吗？3. 如果陈述部分是一个复合句，则分两种情况：1) 一般情况下，附加疑问句部分的主语应与陈述部分的主语保持一致，例如：Mary said her son would come, didn’t she? 玛丽说她的儿子要来，不是吗？2) 但如果陈述部分的主语是第一人称，且谓语动词是suppose, think, believe等，附加疑问句的主语则应该与从句的主语保持一致，例如：I think he will come, won’t he?我认为他会来，不是吗？4. 如果陈述部分是there be存在句，附加疑问句部分的主语也应该用there例如：There are some books, aren’t there?有一些书，不是吗？5. 如果陈述部分中带有否定词或半否定词，如never，hardly，scarcely，seldom，no，none，no one，rarely，nowhere，nothing，nobody，few，little等，附加疑问句的谓语要用肯定形式例如:There are rarely extremes of cold or heat in Britain, are there？英国很少出现严寒或酷暑天气，是吗？二、比较句式1. 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法1) 比较级修饰语(a) 比较级之前的副词修饰语常用many, much, far, a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot, somewhat, rather, etc.。
英语专四语法总结
英语专四语法总结1.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词（either…or，neither…nor，not…but，not only…but also，or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。
2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。
例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。
3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。
例句：It is Ma ry’s brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Mary的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。
意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with，no less than，besides，except，but，including 等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。
例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month.我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。
2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means，sheep，deer，fish 等），其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。
例句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for thegreat reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。
3. 多数情况下，由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。
我只想说：“多保重！”例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”．4. 当主语与all，none，any，some等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。
专四语法全析
专四语法全析时态1.一般现在时一般现在时表示将来时间，往往用在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，也就是我们经常说的“主将从现”。
If she doesn’t tell him the truth now, he’ll simply keep on asking her until she______.(CET4-9806)A.doesB. has doneC. will doD. would do2.现在进行时①现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作Mr. White works with a chemicals import & export company, but he____ for this industrial fair, since he is on leave. (TEM4-1997)A.has workedB. worksC. has been workingD. is working②现在进行体表示感情色彩现在进行体常与always, continually, constantly, perpetually, forever等，表示“总是”、“继续不断地”等频度状语连用，带有浓厚的感情色彩，表达说话人不满、不耐烦等情绪。
How can I ever concentrate if you____ continually____ me with silly questions?(TEM4-1997)A.have…interrupted C. a re…interruptingB.had…interrupted D. were…interrupting③ be+being + 形容词状态动词be的进行时态(be being)后面接行为形容词brave, careful, stupid, clever, foolish, polite, kind和shy等，表示主语所表现的非一贯性特点或故意的行为或暂时出现的平时所没有的某种特质。
专四词汇与语法
专四词汇与语法一、词汇部分。
1. abandon [əˈbændən]（动词）- 词义：放弃；抛弃；放纵。
- 例句：Don't abandon yourself to despair.（不要自暴自弃。
）2. ability [əˈbɪləti]（名词）- 词义：能力；才能。
- 例句：He has the ability to solve this difficult problem.（他有能力解决这个难题。
）3. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml]（形容词）- 词义：反常的；不正常的。
- 例句：This abnormal weather has caused a lot of problems.（这种反常的天气造成了许多问题。
）二、语法部分。
1. 时态 - 一般现在时。
- 结构：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数形式为动词 + s/es）- 用法：- 表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
例如：He often goes to school by bike.（他经常骑自行车上学。
）- 表示客观事实或普遍真理。
例如：The earth moves around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。
）2. 名词的数 - 可数名词复数形式。
- 规则变化：- 一般情况加 -s，如book - books。
- 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的加 -es，如box - boxes。
- 以辅音字母 + y结尾的，变y为i加 -es，如city - cities。
- 不规则变化：- 如man - men，woman - women，child - children等。
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。
- 规则变化：- 单音节词和部分双音节词：- 一般情况加 -er（比较级）和 -est（最高级），如tall - taller - tallest。
- 以e结尾的加 -r和 -st，如nice - nicer - nicest。
专四常考语法点汇总
语法与词汇专项语法核心考点一：从属分句复合句= 主句+从句（1个或1个以上)要点1从属分句是复合句必不可少的组成部分,以语法功能作为分类标准，从属分句可以分为状语从句、关系从句（即定语从句）和名词性从句。
其中状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、程度、目的、条件、让步和方式等；名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句.要点 2 状语从句的考点集中在方式、条件、让步、方式和时间状语从句上；关系从句的考点集中在关系代词的选择，限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别；名词性从句的考点集中在宾语从句和同位语从句.一状语从句状语从句真题剖析：1 Nine is to three _____ three is to one. (2008, 53）A。
when B. that C。
which D. what2 ______ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend，he had to stay behind to finish his assignment。
（2008，55）A. Much though B。
Much as C。
As much D。
Thouth much3 Men differ from animals ____ they can think and speak。
（2008, 54)A。
for which B。
for that C。
in that D。
in which4 They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____. (2008, 60)A. it could beB. could beC. it wasD. was5 The couple had no sooner got to the station ______ the coach left。
专四语法汇总
专四常考语法点汇总：一．虚拟语气1．虚拟条件句1) 倒装结构：条件句有were, had, should时，可使用倒装结构。
e.g. Were it necessary, I would resign.Had you informed me earlier, I would have come over.Should you meet her, you should not be able to recognize her.2) 错综时间条件句e.g. If I my umbrella with me this morning, I wet now. DA. had taken … would not have beenB. took… should not beC. were to take … would not beD. had taken … should not be3) 无条件的虚拟句：but for, with, without, or, but, otherwise, in case of, what if, etc.2．I wish…/If only句式：与现在事实相反，用were或动词的一般过去式；与过去事实相反，用had+过去分词；表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could/should/might+动词原形。
3．as if引导的从句（注意区别事实与假设）Some black clouds are floating in the sky. It looks as if . BA.it might rain B it is going to rain C it would be rainy D it was to rain4．在suggest, order, demand, propose, desire等表示建议、命令、态度等词（包括动词和名词）引导的名词从句中用should+动词原形，should可省。
专四语法重点总结
eg.
He is no richer than I= as poor as
He is not richer than I
4) more and more
eg. He is becoming fatter and fatter.
5). The more… the more…
Eg. He neither likes fiction nor (likes) poetry.
8) more than简直不
eg. My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.
六、并列结构
两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列连词或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做并列结构。
1.并列结构的各种形式
１）词与词的并列you and me
2) not only…but also连结成分和连接句子；只连对等结构
Eg. Not only I but also he will take part in the meeting.
Not only did he help me, but also he sent me home.
3) either…or连结成分和连接句子；连对等结构或不对等结构
单音节词尾e,加r, st fine finer finest
闭音节单音节词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写big bigger biggest
辅音字母加er,est
少数以y,er,ow, ble结尾
双音节词尾加er,est happy happier happiest(y前为辅音字母去y加clever cleverer cleverest
完整版专四英语语法考点
语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should,could,might)+ have done；1. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a crowd of people there. 1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying2. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were,had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now. 2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get4. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized5.___, he would not have recovered so quickly. 1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam. 2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not2、与现在事实相反：从句sb did(were)，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。
(英语专业四级语法(考点)全版.ppt
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真题举例：
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
John is less bright than Bob.
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用法： 1.主语不同，比较项目相同。
This parcel is as heavy as that one. 2. 主语相同，比较项目不同。 The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.
The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.
当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机
此用法也可用于less…than…结构，但得出相反的 含义。
The present crisis is much less a political than
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3.no more …than (=not…any more than) 两者一样都不
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。
Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.(99.44)
should do / were to do
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英语专四完整语法
专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。
(宾语从句)比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。
(状语从句)(2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。
如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。
如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。
英语专业四级语法汇总
语法回顾篇专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法（省略，时态，反义疑问句，代词，强调句，主谓一致，冠词，形容词及副词）、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来，有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点）考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were)，主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do；考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done；例如：43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反，从句谓语动词用：did(should+do或were + to do)，主句谓语动词用：would(should,could,might)+do。
例如：43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年）• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象，也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如：If you had gone to see the doctor，you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。
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一些名称Imperative mood祈使句request请求≈祈使句Subjunctive mood虚拟语气Dangling participle 虚悬分词Personal pronoun人称代词：包括属格和反身Generic reference 类指用法：定冠词a/an+名词单数”是表示“类指”/The + 名词复数Specific reference特指用法:定冠词the+名词单数或者加了定语修饰Pronoun代词Attributive后置定语Parenthesis插入语语法动名词做主语，常常表示泛指的一般行为或者概念，否定形式应把否定词放在动名词之前不定时作主语表示一次具体的行为1.语法一致原则（principle of grammatical concord）2.意义一致原则（principle of notional concord）3.就近原则（principle of proximity）单位名词（unit noun）：用来表示不可数名词的数量,即不可数名词的个体性；它也能与可数名词搭配,表示“一双”、“一群”等意义.集合名词（Collective noun）意指一种可用来指称一群对象的字，而这些对象，可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。
举例而言，在英语中，“一群狮子”可称为“a pride of lions”，此时“pride”为一个集合名词。
限定词：限定词分为三种：1、前位限定词（pre-determiner）：all，both，half，分数词（one-third，one-fifth等）, 倍数词（double，twice，three times等），such；2、中位限定词（central-determiner）：冠词（a，an，the），指示代词（this，that，these，those），不定代词（some，any，either），否定词（no，neither），全称限定词（every，each），所有格（my，your，John's)；3、后位限定词（post-determiner）：基数词（three，200），序数词（first，second，300th，last），数量词及短语（many，much，little，few，plenty of，a lot of，a large number of）等。
垂悬分词：词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语一致，即为“分词作状语”。
分词充当状语时，分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不一致，即为“独立主格”，即为“悬垂分词”。
例如：Looking out of the window of our hotel room, there are lots of mountains.不能改成被动语态的句子：1.主动句包含动词have表示“拥有”时2.当英语主动句带有其他一些类似“have”的静态动词时，如“hold”通常也不可转为被动句3.英语主动句的宾语是反身代词或相互代词时Each可以不能放在主语前面All后面跟修饰分句时的引导词必须是that, 比如：we accept all that is correct各类代词1.人称代词（personal pronoun）英语人称代词是指直接指代人或者事物的代词。
在英语和汉语中都有三种人称代词，即：第一人称(I; us)，第二人称(you)，第三人称(he;she;it;they;them)，分为主格和宾格两种形式。
主格用来做主语和表语，宾格用来作及物动词和介词的宾语。
2. 物主代词(possessive pronoun)英语中的物主代词是说明事物所属关系的代词，分为形容词性和名词性物主代词。
在考研英语中常考的形容词性物主代词有the former;the latter;such等。
3. 指示代词(demonstrative pronoun)指示代词，顾名思义，就是表示只是概念的代词，用来指示或标识人或事物的代词。
可以用来表示“这个”、“那个”、“这些”、“那些”等等。
指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或标语，也可以作定语来修饰名词。
英文中的指示代词有this、these、that、those、it等。
4. 不定代词(indefinite pronoun)不定代词即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。
如some、many、none、few、little、a few、a little、much、any、one、another、the other、others等等。
还有一些复合不定代词，如something、anything、anyone、anybody、everything、nobody和nothing等。
5关系代词(relative pronoun)： that, which, who, whom, whose, as6 疑问代词(interrogative pronoun)：who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever7相互代词(reciprocal pronoun)：each other和one another8反身代词(reflexive pronoun)：myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselvesNo less than 与…一样（强调不亚于）（表达对双方的肯定）Not less than 比…更……（强调至少）（强调比较）Still less 和still more都表示“更别说”的意思，前者用于否定意义的句子之后，后者用于肯定意义的句子之后主句动词为一般过去时，宾语从句的时态应该表示过去将来时Both的用法Both +n 不可加ofBoth (of) +限定词（定冠词/形容词性物主代词）+n反义疑问句There(here)+be+主语，问句部分用“助动词+there/here”陈述部分用used to+主语时，问句部分用“didn’t+主语”或者“u sen’t +主语”限定词与三类名词（可数、不可数、单复数）搭配和The number of +可数名词复数语法中的体（aspect）：完成体（perfect aspect）进行体（progressive aspect）独立主格结构：1.逗号前后分句缺乏连词2.前后句子主语与谓语均不一致当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且从句有be动词时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省略现在完成进行时用于在过去发生，一直延续到现在，并对现在造成影响，且动作仍然在进行。
虚拟语气在名词性从句中的用法：当表示建议、命令、要求如（suggest propose recommend demand request urge）等的动词及他们的派生词引出宾语从句、同位语从句时，从句需要用虚拟式谓语动词，即should+原形Be动词的进行时态，即is being可以表示特定时间的表现，is表示一贯的特点这些动词+to+v-ing：resort devote objectAs well as \ with\ along with \ together with \ as much as \ no less than \ rather than \ besides \ but \ in addition to \引导短语跟在单数主语后，谓语用单数（就远原则）集体名词：crew / audience / government / board /committee / team/ group表示集体时用作单数，看作各个成员时看作复数，the rest表复数概念As在限定性定语从句中充当主语或宾语，多与such或the same连用复数名词+each做主语时，谓语用复数替代词One/ones只能替代单数/复数可数名词，常有形容词或指示代词修饰倍数表达：1.倍数+ 形容词或副词比较级+than 或者more +n.2.倍数+as+形容词原级+as或者many/much +n.3.倍数+the size/height/length/width/depth of yours或the size +倍数+that of4.倍数+带定冠词the的名词+of/that（在名词性从句中可以用what代替）What可以用作限定词，表示“……的（事物或人）”As引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语或状语置于句首，要用倒装And 做并列连词，两个并列部分要语法对等，结构保持一致补语和后置定语的区别：补语去除后会影响句子结构，后置定语则不会由whether引导的虚拟让步状语从句，谓语往往用动词原形，而当whether省略时，主谓需倒装。
特殊疑问句中有插入语如do you say/ think /guess / expect/ suppose等，特殊疑问句要用陈述句语序，将插入语去掉后，句子结构完整，语序合理。
Do you tell 不用作插入语So+主语+助动词：确实如此Lest, in case , for fear that以防万一，唯恐，引导目的状语从句常用虚拟语气，谓语用“should + do”当every或each修饰的两个由and连接的单数名词，且一个阴性一个阳性（男女）时，其无助名词用his当主语后面跟有with, together with, along with , in addition to ,as weel as, as much as , rather than等连接的词组时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致名词（后加to be done）指将要进行的动作，being done强调动作的进行状态，加done做后置定语，相当于was doneShould可以用在假设句中，加强假设的语气，表示“万一，竟然发生”的意思When可以表示“既然，鉴于”it is no wonder……when……Go to +the +地点表示去特定的地方，GO to 地点表示去某地做相应的事Sick和ill都可放在系动词和宾语之后做补语，但谓语名词前做限定的用法只有sick有Can’t ……too/over……越…越好Than引导比较状语从句时，前后句子结构要一致，若省略则用倒装A developing country usually receives more public aids than a developed countries receives A developing country usually receives more public aids than does a developed country比较中，as作为连词引导状语从句可以省略，如：you are not so lazy as heYou have the same trouble as I而than则不行：Mary is prettier than she is /herA series of ,a species of , a portion of , a kind of等加上名词时，谓语一般用单数形式能同时在主句和从句中做两种句子成分的关系词有what whatever whoever whichever，如果从句和主句都缺成分，不能用what连接Teach sb sth，sb是间接宾语sth是直接宾语斜体字表示剧名或者书名，算作单数，谓语用单数Man或woman后接名词构成的复合名词变成复数时，前后都用复数If it hadn’t been for省略If 时，只需要把had提前即可。