《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案

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英语翻译理论与实践

（学生Night
Luminous moonlight shines upon the bedstand,
Isn’t it the white frost paving on the bare ground?
Head, raised to gaze the moon into distance,
死译：one-to-one translation: each SL word has a corresponding TL word.
硬译：word-for-word translation: Transfers SL grammar and word order, as well as the primary meanings of all the SL words, into translation. It is normally effective only for brief simple neutral sentences.
The bright moon light sprinkles on the bed,
As if the frost lays on the ground.
Raise myhead and stare at the moon,
The homesickness attacks me suddenly.
Lowering head to think of the hometown.
In the Still of the Night（直译）
I descry bright moonlight in front ofmy bed.
I suspect it to be hoary frost on the floor.
原文：John can be relied on. He eats no fish and plays the game.

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)(翻译的基本技巧 1.5 分合移位法

1.5分合移位法⊙切分（Division）1.The reform,while laid a solid foundation,need to continue to evolve to meet the ever increasing demand of citizens and businesses for better integrated,more effective services.【译文】但是公共部门管理改革是一场没有终点线的比赛。

//改革已经为今后的工作奠定了坚实的基础，但仍然需要继续深化，才能提供更协调和更有效的服务，满足公众和企业不断增长的需求。

2.The Last Shadow did not fare well in the United States,but it did develop a huge following in Europe where viewers who usually did not go for this movie genre embraced it wholeheartedly.【译文】《最后的影子》在美国表现欠佳，但在欧洲却大受欢迎，//欧洲的观众通常不太喜欢这一类型的电影，但这次却全心接受了。

3.We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.【译文】我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，//但没有成功。

4.It was a dangerously foolish area to which they pinned down a major portion of U. itary power.【译文】他们把美国一大部分军事力量困在那个地区，//这（样做）是愚蠢而危险的。

5.Hitler’s black empire would suddenly collapse in rubble,blood,and flame. (Winds of War)【译文】希特勒的黑暗帝国顷刻之间就会在血泊与烈火中崩溃，//夷为废墟。

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(Mayhew)【圣才出品】

17. MayhewCapri is a gaunt rock of austere outline, bathed in a deep blue sea; but its vineyards, green and smiling, give it a soft and easy grace①. It is friendly, remote, and debonair②. I find it strange that Mayhew should have settled on this lovely island, for I never knew a man more insensible to beauty. I do not know what he sought there, happiness, freedom, or merely leisure; I know what he found. In this place which appeals so extravagantly③to the senses he lived a life entirely of the spirit. For the island is rich with historic associations and over it broods always the enigmatic memory of Tiberius the Emperor. From his windows which overlooked the Bay of Naples, with the noble shape of Vesuvius changing color with the changing light, Mayhew saw a hundred places that recalled the Romans and Greeks. The past began to haunt④him. All that he saw for the first time, for he had never been abroad before, excited his fancy; and in his soul stirred the creative imagination⑤. He was a man of energy. Presently he made up his mind to write a history. For some time he looked about for a subject, and at last decided on the second century of the Roman Empire. It was little known and it seemed to him to offer problems analogous with those of our own day.He began to collect books and soon he had an immense library. His legal training had taught him to read quickly. He settled down to work. At first he had been accustomed to foregather in the evening with the painters, writers, and suchlike who met in the little tavern near the Piazza, but presently he withdrew himself, for his absorption in his studies became more pressing. He had been accustomed to bathe in that bland sea and to take long walks among the pleasant vineyards, but little by little, grudging the time, he ceased to do so⑥. He worked harder than he had ever worked in Detroit. He would start at noon and work all through the night till the whistle of the steamer that goes every morning from Capri to Naples told him that it was five o’clock and time to go to bed. His subject opened out before him, vaster and more significant⑦, and he imagined a work that would put him forever beside the great historians of the past. As the years went by he was to be found seldom in the ways of men. He could be tempted to come out of his house only by a game of chess or the chance of an argument. He loved to set his brain against another’s⑧. He was widely read now, not only on history, but in philosophy and science; and he was a skillful controversialist, quick, logical, and incisive⑨. But he had good-humor⑩and kindliness; though he took a very human pleasure in victory⑪, he did not exult in it to your mortification.By William S. Maugham 【参考译文】卡普里岛在深蓝色的大海中，远远望去仿佛是一块朴实无华的荒凉的岩石。

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)(翻译的基本技巧 1.6 定语从句)

1.6定语从句Ⅰ.译为定语1.There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.【译文】全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。

2.Those who did not die from smallpox usually carried scars on their faces for life.【译文】那些没有死于天花的人通常脸上会终生留下疤痕。

3.This is the very hotel where they spent their honeymoon.【译文】这正是他们曾经度蜜月的那家旅馆。

4.The technique of organ transplant,as a significant surgical breakthrough to heal the wounded and rescue the dying,has saved a good many patients who are on the point of death.【译文】器官移植手术是外科方面的重大技术突破，目的是救死扶伤，已经挽救了许多濒临死亡的病人的生命。

5.Mr.Murdoch who owns the New York Post indicated that U.S.newspaper’s editorial strategies were to blame for their financial problems.【译文】拥有《纽约邮报》的默多克先生指出，美国报纸的编辑战略应承担报纸财务问题的责任。

【解析】这里的定语从句的翻译是典型的前置法。

翻译时按照汉语的习惯加个“的”字。

6.The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.【译文】在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(Has Democracy a Future)【圣才出品】

2. Has Democracy a Future?Back to the question: Has democracy a future? Yes, Virginia①, it does, but not the glorious future predicted in the triumphalist moment. Democracy has survived the twentieth century by the skin of its teeth②. It will not enjoy a free ride③through the century to come.In America, democracy must run a gauntlet of challenges. The most crucial is still Du Bois’ color line. Much depends on the availability of jobs, especially in the inner city④. If employment remains high, political action will mitigate racial tensions, particularly when minorities understand that in the longer run ethnic gerrymandering⑤will reduce, not increase, their influence. Tension will be mitigated even more by intermarriage. Sex—and love—between people of different creeds and colors can probably be counted on to arrest the disuniting of America.The national capacity to absorb and assimilate newcomers will remain powerful. The call of the mainstream will appeal far more than linguistic or ethnic ghettos, above all to the young⑥. English will continue as the dominant language. Indeed, in essentials the national character will be recognizably much as it has been for a couple of centuries. People seeking clues to the American mystery will still read, and quote, Toequeville.Technology will rush on according to Adams’ law of acceleration. But for all⑦the temptations of interactivity⑧and all the unpopularity of elected officials, I doubt that Americans will sanction the degradation⑨of representative democracy into a system of plebiscites. Capitalism too will careen on, through downs as well as ups, but laissez-faire ideology will probably wane as capitalists discover the range of troubles the unfettered market cannot solve, or makes worse. Unbridled capitalism, with low wages, long hours, and exploited workers, excites social resentment, revives class warfare, and infuses Marxism with new life. To move along constructive lines, capitalism must subordinate short-term plans and profits to such long-term social necessities⑩as investment in education, research and development, environmental protection, the extension of health care, the rehabilitation of infrastructure, the redemption of the city. Capitalists are not likely to do this by themselves. Long- term perspectives demand public leadership⑪ and affirmative government.From Foreign Affairs, September/October 1997 【参考译文】回到我们原来的问题：民主有前途吗？有！①民主是有前途，但并不像人们在必胜信念、乐观心态盛行时期所预测的那种光辉灿烂的前途。

翻译理论与实践知到章节答案智慧树2023年湖南中医药大学

翻译理论与实践知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新湖南中医药大学第一章测试1.下列哪一项不属于英语静态体现的方法？参考答案:动词(词组) 充当句子各种成分2.汉语遵循“从总述到分述”的顺序模式，英语则相反。

参考答案:错3. A country comes to the end when its government goes to corruption.这个句子体现了哪种英语结构顺序？参考答案:从主观到客观4.在下列因素里，哪些因素导致译者翻译英文需花费较多时间选择恰当的词义。

参考答案:词义的引申和扩展;文化的因素;一词多义5.翻译中需要考虑的因素有哪些？参考答案:情感色彩;文化因素;修辞;作品产生的时代背景6.下列哪些模式适用于英语表达参考答案:焦点前置模式;上下主从层级模式;空间顺序模式7.下列哪一选项最符合翻译过程中迁就目标语表达模式?参考答案:null8.以下哪些句子体现了增词翻译原则中的修辞性增词：参考答案:At thirty-five, she had first learned what it is to be a mother. “她到35岁的时候才生平第一次尝到做母亲的滋味。

”;There has been too muchpublicity about the case. “那件案子已经搞得满城风雨，人尽皆知了。

”9.英语表达中，动词地位不平等是客观存在的事实，主要体现在参考答案:过去分词结构;不定式结构;现在分词结构;无动词结构10.汉语结构中主语缺失是一种十分普遍的现象，而英语中是不允许存在的。

参考答案:错第二章测试1.I hope to be able to come.这个句子体现的是不定式结构的哪种上下主从模式参考答案:主干动词＋不定式的主从关系2.下列哪一项与其它选项过去分词结构体现的上下主从结构模式不一样参考答案:The river witnessed the growth of Chinese people.3.包含原则，是指一个相对较大的时间范围内包含某个精确时间点，在这个精确的时间点发生了某个事件，则以精确事件为焦点，作为主句，置于句首，而关于时间范围的事件，沦为背景信息，作为从句或从属成分，在句中居于偏后的位置。

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)(翻译的基本技巧 1.8 被动语态)

1.8被动语态Ⅰ.将下列被动句翻译成汉语，保留原句主语。

1.His pride must be pinched.【译文】他这股傲气应该打下去。

2.The happy man cannot be handed.【译文】吉人自有天相。

3.This oil is used as perfume.【译文】这种油可以用作香水。

4.On their domestic stations events in the Middle East were dismissed briefly.【译文】在他们国内电台的广播中，中东事件只轻描淡写地报道了一下。

5.A new student is kept on probation for one semester.【译文】新学生规定要见习一个学期。

6.The whole country was armed in a few days.【译文】几天之内全国武装起来了。

7.This sort of advertisement is seen everywhere.【译文】这类广告四处可见。

8.X-ray examination of the chest and heart should be routinely performed.【译文】胸部和心脏X线检查应列为常规。

9.The article had been translated into English,but with little elegance to speak of.【译文】这篇文章译成英语后失去了不少文采。

10.Specifically,clear standards are being setting up for accountability,transparence and participatory governance.【译文】具体而言，明确的标准正在制定之中，为问责制、透明度和参与施政订立明确的标准。

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)(翻译的基本技巧 1.1 解包袱法)

1.1解包袱法1.the first black president【译文】第一位与黑人关系密切的总统2.the first woman president【译文】第一位关心妇女问题的总统3.presidential historian【译文】专门研究总统生平的历史学家4.opinion leader【译文1】能影响或左右舆论的人【译文2】意见领袖（台湾译法）kboy【译文】送牛奶的男孩6.fireman【译文】消防员7.postman【译文】送邮件的人8.sick room【译文】病房9.criminally insane【译文】刑事法庭鉴定为患有精神病10.a morning person【译文】习惯早起的人11.a body shop【译文】车身修理厂（洗车店）12.manage forests sustainably【译文】管理森林，以便使其可以持续发展13.digital gap【译文】数字鸿沟/数位落差（台湾译法）【解析】对于已经形成相对固定的说法的包袱，可不解。

14.peak load【译文】峰值负荷15.satellite communications ground station equipment repairer【译文】卫星通讯地面站设备维修人员16.The divorce is less culturally acceptable in a society that is family-oriented.【译文】在以家庭为中心的社会文化背景下，离婚是难以接受的。

17.I am pleased to be here to offer a U.S.business perspective on one of today’s great quality challenges:building a high skills/high wage workforce.【译文】我很高兴能来此介绍一下美国商界对当今我们在素质方面所面临的挑战的看法，这项挑战就是如何建立一支高技术、高薪金的劳动队伍。

《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》翻译实践及详解(The Thanks We Give)【圣才出品】

6. The Thanks We GiveIt’s not the turkey alone we’re grateful for①. Not the cranberry sauce or the stuffing or even the pumpkin pie. Some of the people seated at the table are strangers—friends of friends, cousins of in-laws②—and some are almost desperately familiar faces we live and work with every day.In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these people—the cooking and serving and cleaning—a chore. But today it doesn’t feel that way. The host—perhaps it’s you—stands up and asks that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what we’re thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belongings③.As holidays go④, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical⑤. Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try, if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives⑥to what lies behind them. In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible⑦with the gratitude—not to mention⑧the abundance⑨-that Thanksgiving summons.It’s tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another,except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isn’t true. This is always a feast about where we are now⑩. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion⑪ of the year we’re in. Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other years it seems marked by a conspicuous humility uncommon in the calendar of American emotions⑫.And this year? We will probably remember this Thanksgiving as a banquet of mixed emotions⑬. This is, after all, a profoundly American holiday. The undertow of business as usual seems especially strong this year⑭. The shadow of a war and misgivings over the future loom in the minds of many of us⑮. Most years we enjoy the privacy of Thanksgiving⑯, but this year, somehow, the holiday feels like part of a public effort to remember and reclaim for ourselves what it means to be America⑰.That means giving thanks for some fundamental principles that should be honored every day of the year in the life of this nation—principles of generosity, tolerance and inclusion. This is a feast that no one should be turned away from. The abundance of the food piled on the table should signify that there is plenty for all, plenty to be shared. The welcome we feel⑱ makes sense only if we also extend it to others.From The New York Times, No.25.2004 【参考译文】不单单是因为有①火鸡我们才感恩，也不是因为有红梅果酱、火鸡馅料，甚至不是因为有南瓜派。

翻译理论与实践(笔译)期末复习及答案

浙江广播电视大学英语专业(开放本科)《翻译理论与实践》期末复习题型：一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）二、翻译句子。

（每小题3分，共30分）三、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分）四、案例分析题（每小题10分，共10分）一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分）1.美国语言学家罗曼.雅各布森把翻译分成__________。

A. 语内翻译B. 语际翻译C. 符际翻译D. 以上选项都正确2. 下面哪个选项是错误的_________。

A. dry goods：纺织品B．white goods：白色的货物C．white wine：白葡萄酒D．toilet water：花露水3. “This is a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适________。

A. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。

B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。

C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。

D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。

4．下面哪句话的描述是错误的________。

A．美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出了“动态对等”原则。

B．“动态对等”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。

C．奈达曾将“动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。

D．翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。

5．_________提出了“美化之艺术，创优似竞赛”的翻译理念。

A．尤金.奈达B．泰特勒C．许渊冲D．鲁迅6. 下面哪个配对是错误的_____。

A．赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B．纸老虎：paper tigerC．to show one’s cards：摊牌D．大海捞针：look for a needle in seaD B C D C D7.哪句话的描述是正确的______。

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》(第3版)配套题库(含考研真题)(翻译的基本技巧 1.7 状语从句)

1.7状语从句Ⅰ.译成与汉语完全对应的状语1.We shall discuss the problem fully before we make the decision.【译文】我们在作出决定之前要充分讨论这个问题2.If winter comes,can spring be far behind?【译文】冬天来了，春天还会远吗？3.When they approached Trenton,lights were still burning in many of the houses and Christmas parties were still going on.【译文】当他们逼近屈兰敦时，许多房子里仍然灯火通明，圣诞晚会还未结束。

4.我们第二次见面时，我发现她比实际年龄显得老一些了。

【译文】When we met each other for the second time,I found that she looked older than she was.5.直到黄昏降临，他的小孩才回家。

【译文】His child did not come back home until dusk set in.6.They are informal,most likely because they are always in a great hurry.【译文】他们之所以不拘小节,很可能是因为他们总是处于匆忙之中。

7.Because his parents had paved a good way for him,he didn’t worry about it at all.【译文】他之所以一点不急，是因为父母已为他铺好了道路。

8.If the epidemic cannot be controlled effectively,the whole country will come into chaos.【译文】如果这种流行传染病得不到有效控制，整个国家将会陷入一片混乱之中。

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》(第3版)【翻译练习(翻译实践篇详解)】【圣才出品】

第二部分翻译实践篇详解一、非文学类文本（社会人文）1. Van GoghAlthough art historians have spent decades demystifying Van Gogh’s legend ①, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors still overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls②. So complete is Van Gogh’s global apotheosis that③Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives’ ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources④. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art⑤. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption⑥but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artist’s painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool⑦. The gaping discrepancy between Van Gogh’s long-suffering life and his remarkable posthumous fame remains a great and undeniable historical irony. But the notion that he was an artistic idiot savant⑧is quickly dispelled by even the most glancing examination of the artist’s letters. It also must be dropped after acquaintingoneself with the rudimentary facts of Van Gogh’s family background, upbringing, and early adulthood.The image of Van Gogh as a disturbed and forsaken artist is so strong that one easily reads it back into⑨his childhood and adolescence. But if Van Gogh had died at age twenty, no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness. Instead he would have been remembered⑩by those close to him as a competent and dutiful son with a promising career in the family art-dealing business. He was, in fact, poised to surpass his father and to come closer to living up to the much-esteemed Van Gogh name⑪.The Van Goghs were an old and distinguished Dutch family who could trace their lineage in Holland back to the sixteenth century. Among Vincent’s five uncles, one reached the highest rank of vice-admiral in the Navy and three others prospered as successful art dealers. Van Gogh’s grandfather, also named Vincent, had attained an equally illustrious status as an intellectually accomplished Protestant minister. The comparatively modest achievements of the artist’s father, Theodorus, proved the exception, not the rule⑫. Although Theodorus was the only one of grandfather Vincent’s six sons to follow him into the ministry, he faltered as a preacher⑬ and could obtain only modest positions in provincial churches. It was for this reason that Theodorus and his new wife, Anna, found themselves in Groot Zundert, a small town near the Belgian border. Vincent was born a few years after their arrival.Van Gogh enjoyed a relatively uneventful childhood save for the birth of fivesiblings (three by the time he was six and two more by his fourteenth year)⑭ and his attendance at two different boarding schools. In rural Zundert he took long walks in the Brabant countryside and developed a naturalist’s love of animals and plants. At his two boarding schools, he excelled at his studies and laid down the foundation for his lifelong facility in French and English. The family’s decision to apprentice him at sixteen to Uncle Vincent’s art gallery in The Hague was far from a nepotistic last resort. Uncle Vincent, called “Cent,” had transforme d an art supply store into a prestigious art gallery and had become a senior partner in Goupil et Cie., one of the largest art-dealing firms in Europe. Vincent had not better opportunity for advancement than working at The Hague branch of Goupil’s. And it was a testament to Vincent’s abilities that the childless “Uncle Cent” took a paternal interest in him and arranged for his position as Goupil’s youngest employee⑮.Vincent’s duties progressed from record keeping and correspondence chores in the back office to dealing, if only in a subordinate way⑯, with clients. This confronts us with the nearly unthinkable image of the “socially competent” Vincent⑰. But such was the case at this stage in his life. The same man whose eccentricity would one day make young girls scream in fright dressed appropriately and charmed customers with his enthusiasm for art⑱. Vincent also ingratiated himself with the local artists of The Hague School and earned his colleagues’respect. Although his status as Uncle Cent’s nephew and protege must have smoothed his way, Vincent appears to have been genuinely dedicated and effectiveat Goupil’s. His boss, Tersteeg, sent home glowing reports⑲ and after four years at The Hague he was promoted to the London branch.From Van Gogh and Gauguin, by Bradley Collins 【参考译文】梵高尽管艺术史家们数十年来一直在淡化梵高传奇的神秘色彩①，但梵高受欢迎的程度几乎丝毫未减。

英汉互译理论与实务课件及其参考答案第一章第三节翻译的标准和译者的素养

❖ 例如：“……妈妈水氏已故, 别无儿女。” (冯梦龙, 2008: 74))
❖ 译文1： His mother, nee Shui, had died and she had no other children except Qiu Xian.
❖ 译文2：His wife, nee Shui, had died and left him no children.
❖ （3）具备一定的专门知识和杂学知识 ❖ 傅雷曾说:“.…译事虽近舌人，要以艺术修养为根本；无敏
感之心灵，无热烈之同情，无适当之鉴赏能力，无相当之社会经验，无充分之常识，势难彻底理解原作，即或理解，亦未必能深切领悟。”(转引自罗新璋, 1984) ❖ 著名学者吕叔湘1984年在“翻译工作与 ‘杂学’一文中”指出： “上自天文，下自地理，人情风俗，俚语方言，历史上的事件，小说里的人物，五花八门，无以名之，名之曰 ‘杂学’。” （转引自姜倩等, 2008: 55）
❖ 译文1的译者显然对古汉语知识掌握不够，不懂古汉语的 “妈妈”并不等同于现代汉语的“妈妈”，而是“妻子”的意思。理解错了“妈妈”必然会导致“别无儿女”的张冠李戴。
❖ （2）一定的文化素养 ❖ “ 对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种
语言更重要，因为词语只是在其作用的文化背景中才有意义……实际上，文化之间的差异比语言结构上的差异给读者带来的复杂性更多。” (Nida, 1993:110) ❖ 作为翻译不仅要熟悉两种语言，还要熟悉这两种语言背后的文化，具有相当的文化素养，从而能体会到中西文化的差异，才能在译语中得以充分传达，为译语读者所接受。
❖ （4）高效的学习能力 ❖ 怎样去利用资源，尤其是有效地利用现代技术获取

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》（第3版）-翻译练习（上）【圣才出品】

叶子南《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》（第3版）-翻译练习（上）【圣才出品】第二部分翻译实践篇详解一、非文学类文本（社会人文）1. Van GoghAlthough art historians have spent decades demystifying Van Gogh’s legend ①, they have done little to diminish his vast popularity. Auction prices still soar, visitors still overpopulate Van Gogh exhibitions, and The Starry Night remains ubiquitous on dormitory and kitchen walls②. So complete is Van Gogh’s global apotheosis that③Japanese tourists now make pilgrimages to Auvers to sprinkle their relatives’ ashes on his grave. What accounts for the endless appeal of the Van Gogh myth? It has at least two deep and powerful sources④. At the most primitive level, it provides a satisfying and nearly universal revenge fantasy disguised as the story of heroic sacrifice to art⑤. Anyone who has ever felt isolated and unappreciated can identify with Van Gogh and hope not only for a spectacular redemption⑥but also to put critics and doubting relatives to shame. At the same time, the myth offers an alluringly simplistic conception of great art as the product, not of particular historical circumstances and the artist’s painstaking calculations, but of the naive and spontaneous outpourings of a mad, holy fool⑦. The gaping d iscrepancy between Van Gogh’s long-suffering life and his remarkable posthumous fame remains a great and undeniable historical irony. But the notion that he was an artistic idiot savant⑧is quickly dispelled by even the most glancingexamination of the arti st’s letters. It also must be dropped after acquaintingoneself with the rudimentary facts of Van Gogh’s family background, upbringing, and early adulthood.The image of Van Gogh as a disturbed and forsaken artist is so strong that one easily reads it ba ck into⑨his childhood and adolescence. But if Van Gogh had died at age twenty, no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness. Instead he would have been remembered⑩by those close to him as a competent and dutiful son with a promising career in the family art-dealing business. He was, in fact, poised to surpass his father and to come closer to living up to the much-esteemed Van Gogh name?.The Van Goghs were an old and distinguished Dutch family who could trace their lineage in Holland back to the sixteenth century. Among Vincent’s five uncles, one reached the highest rank of vice-admiral in the Navy and three others prospered as successful art dealers. Van Gogh’s grandfather, also named Vincent, had attained an equally illustrious status as an intellectually accomplished Protestant minister. The comparatively modest achievements of the artist’s father, Theodorus, proved the exception, not the rule?. Although Theodorus was the only one of grandfather Vincent’s six sons to follow him into the ministry, he faltered as a preacher? and could obtain only modest positions in provincial churches. It was for this reason that Theodorus and his new wife, Anna, found themselves in Groot Zundert, a small town near the Belgian border. Vincent was born a few years after their arrival.Van Gogh enjoyed a relatively uneventful childhood save for the birth of fivesiblings (three by the time he was six and two more by his fourteenth year)? and his attendance at two different boarding schools. In rural Zundert he took long walks in the Brabant countryside and developed a naturalist’s love of animals and plants. At his two boarding schools, he excelled at his studies and laid down the foundation for his lifelong facility in French and English. The family’s decisi on to apprentice him at sixteen to Uncle Vincent’s art gallery in The Hague was far from a nepotistic last resort. Uncle Vincent, called “Cent,” had transforme d an art supply store into a prestigious art gallery and had become a senior partner in Goupil et Cie., one of the largest art-dealing firms in Europe. Vincent had not better opportunity for advancement than working at The Hague branch of Goupil’s. And it was a testament to Vincent’s abilities that the childless “Uncle Cent” took a paternal interest in him and arranged for his position as Goupil’s youngest employee?.Vincent’s duties progressed from record keeping and correspondence chores in the back office to dealing, if only in a subordinate way?, with clients. This confronts us with the nearly unt hinkable image of the “socially competent” Vincent?. But such was the case at this stage in his life. The same man whose eccentricity would one day make young girls scream in fright dressed appropriately and charmed customers with his enthusiasm for art?. Vincent also ingratiated himself with the local artists of The Hague School and earned his colleagues’respect. Although his status as Uncle Cent’snephew and protege must have smoothed his way, Vincent appears to have been genuinely dedicated and effectiveat Goupil’s. His boss, Tersteeg, sent home glowing reports? and after four years at The Hague he was promoted to the London branch.From Van Gogh and Gauguin, by Bradley Collins 【参考译文】梵高尽管艺术史家们数十年来一直在淡化梵高传奇的神秘色彩①，但梵高受欢迎的程度几乎丝毫未减。

翻译理论与实践课后习题答案

第一章翻译概论第一节中外翻译史简介四、课内练习1. 东汉至唐宋时期。

2. 玄奘不仅译出了75 部佛经，而且还把老子的部分著作译成梵文，成为第一个向国外介绍汉语著作的中国人。

3. 20 世纪初的“五四”新文化运动，开创了白话文学和白话翻译的新纪元，语言从文言正宗转为白话本位。

五四运动前后，东西方各国的优秀文学作品，特别是俄国和苏联的作品开始被介绍进来，《共产党宣言》等一批马克思主义著作的译文就发表在“五四”时期，为中国后来的革命做了充分的理论和思想准备。

4. 圣经的翻译成为了西方翻译研究的重要源头之一。

5. 中外悠久的翻译历史已为我们积累了一份宝贵的文化遗产。

我们应当认真总结前人的翻译经验，借鉴吸收前人从实践中总结出的理论、方法，以便继续提高我们的翻译水平，为中外文化交流做出自己的贡献。

五、课后练习（一）将下列段落译成中文：一百年前的今天：一些海鸥；北卡罗来纳州杀魔山海岸警卫队的三个队员；救生站以及一些本地人，见证了威尔帕·莱特(Wilbur Wright)和奥维尔·莱特(Orville Wright)兄弟的第一次机动飞机飞行。

1903 年12 月17 日，莱特兄弟第一次用比空气重的飞行器进行了有动力的持续飞行。

1932 年，90 英尺高的杀魔山顶立起了一座60 英尺高的花岗岩纪念碑，用以纪念这两个来自俄亥俄州代顿市的梦想家。

莱特兄弟来自于美国中部。

他们有着天空般广阔的眼界，也有着十分务实的作风。

1892 年，他们在俄亥俄州的代顿开创了自己的自行车企业：莱特自行车公司。

虽然在当时世纪之交的美国，有着数不清的自行车公司，但只有一个在造轮子的同时造出了翅膀。

当莱特兄弟在1903 年最终着眼于动力载人飞行器，他们成功地使世界变小了……（二）将下列段落译成英文：As Jia baoyu，Xue Baoqin，Xing youyan and Ping’er had birthdays on the same day，the young ladies held a hilarious drinking party in the hall of the peony garden for them. When it was Xiangyun’s turn to compose a verse amid a drinking game，she made fun of the service maids by saying，holding a duck head in hand，“This ya tou （referring to the duck head in hand）is not that ya tou （referring to the service maids around，as both are homophones in Chinese），for this ya tou has applied no hair oil….”Everybody roared with laughter. Some service maids protested，laughing，“You made fun of us，so you have to drink another cup. Let’s pour a full cup her….”As the party went on drinkers’games continued with ceaseless laughter and people suddenly noticed that Xiangyun had disappeared. While they looked this way and that，a service maid rushed in laughing，“Young ladies. Hurry to have a look at the Lady Xiangyun. She’s sleeping on the stone bench over there.”The group tiptoed over，and sure enough，saw Xiangyun sleeping soundly. Fallen flowers scattered on her body，her hair and her face. Her fan had dropped on the ground aside. Bees danced in the air around her. Under her head was a make-shift pillow of peony flowers wrapped with her handkerchief. Amid laughter service girls gently woke her up and helped her-she was still mumbling something drunkenly-get inside theroom.第二节翻译的定义与性质四、课内练习（一）将下列英文译成中文：1. 海蒂读过阿瑟的信后陷入了绝望之中。

英汉互译翻译与实践技巧1-12单元参考答案

Unit11.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐, 甘苦参半。

(人生的道路既铺满鲜花, 又充满荆棘.)2.I’ll have Lisa where I want her.我要丽莎去哪里她就得去哪里3.He carried his age astonishingly well.他一点儿都不显老，面容年轻得令人惊讶。

4.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.她再也不愿相信任何男人了.5.He was a dead shot.However,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭到惨败。

/ 他遭遇了滑铁卢。

6.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对受到的破格礼遇非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。

7.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一片令人惊讶、日新月异的土地。

8.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground. 、他上一篇小说写砸了, 他的名声从此岌岌可危.9.Mrs.Sawyer looked radiant,too,and for the first time gobbled up her dinner like a little pig.索耶太太也容光焕发，第一次大口大口吃饭，活像一只小猪。

10.He walked at the head of the funeral procession,and every now and then wiped his crocodiletears with a big handkerchief.他走在送葬队伍的前头，还不时有哪个一条大手绢抹去他那鳄鱼的眼泪。

翻译理论与实践1(英译汉)实战练习 15篇1

翻译理论与实践1（英译汉）实战练习 15篇1 翻译理论与实践1（英译汉）实战练习 15篇1．The Policy of Mass Media1) Life is indeed full of problems on which we have to make decisions as citizens or as private individual.2) But neither the real difficulty of these decisions nor their true and disturbing challenge to each individual can often be communicated through the mass media.3) The disinclination to suggest real choice which is to be found in the mass media is not simply the product of a commercial desire to keep the customers happy.4) The organs of the Establishment however well―intentioned they may be have a vested interest in ensuring that the public boat is not violently rocked and will so affect those who work within the mass media that they will be led insensibly towards forms of production which though they go through the motions of dispute and inquiry do not break through the skin to where such inquires might really hurt.5) They will tend to move when exposing problems well within the acceptedcliché―assumptions of democratic society and will tend neither radically to question these clichés nor to make a disturbing application of them to features of contemporary life2. The American and the English1) Of the intrinsic differences that separate American from English the chief have their roots inthe obvious disparity between the environment and traditions of the American people since the seventeenth century and those of the English.2) The latter have lived under a relatively stable social order and it has impressed upon their souls their characteristic respect for what is customary and of good report.3) Until the World War brought chaos to most of their institutions their whole lives were regulated perhaps more than those of any other people save the Spaniards by a regard for precedent.4) The Americans though partly of the same blood have felt no such restrain and acquired no such habit ofconformity.5) On the contrary they have plunged to the other extreme for the conditions of life in their country have put a high value upon the precisely opposite qualities of curiosity and daring and so they acquired that character of restlessness that impatience of forms that disdain of the dead hand which now broadly marks them.3. The Education of Humanists1)The education of humanists cannot be regarded as complete or even adequate without exposure in some depth to where things stand in the various branches of science particularly in the areas of our ignorance.2)Physics professors most of them look with revulsion on assignments to teach their subjects to poets.3) The liberal arts faculties for their parts will continue to view the scientists with suspicion and apprehension. 4) But maybe a new set of courses dealing systematically with ignorance in science will take hold.5) The scientists might discover in it a new and subversive technique for catching the attention of students driven by curiosity delighted and surprised to learn that science is exactly as some scientists described it: an “endless frontier.”6) The humanists for their part might take considerablesatisfaction in watching their scientific colleagues confess openly to not knowing everything about everyone.7) And the poets on whose shoulders the future rests might late nights thinking things over begin to see some meanings that elude the rest of us.4. . American Study1) The scientific interest of American history centered in national character and in the workings of a society destined to become bast in which individuals were imp0rtant chiefly as types.2) Although this kind of interest was different from that of European history it was at least as important to the world.3) Should history ever become a true science it must expect to establish its laws not from the complicated story of rival European nationalities but from the economical evolution of a great democracy.4) North America was the most favorable field on the globe for the spread of a society so large uniform and isolated as to answer the purposes of science.5) There a single homogeneous society could easily attain proportions of three or four hundred million persons under conditions of undisturbed growth.6) In Europe or Asia undisturbed social evolution had been unknown.7) Without disturbance evolution seemed to cease.8) Wherever disturbance occurred permanence was impossible.9) Every people in turn adapted itself to the law of necessity.5. Jack London1) Life itself led London to reject this approach in his writing.2) He knew what it meant to be one of the disinheritedto be chained to the deadening routine of the machine and to soul-destroying labor for an insufficient reward.3) Consequently he swept aside not only the literature that pretended that ours is a society of sweetness and light but also that which contended that the inculcation of the spirit of Christian fellowship would put an end to class controversy.4) He did not oppose labor organization nor balk at the strike as a weapon of labor; rather he took his heroes and heroines from the labor movement and wove his plots within their struggles.5) He poured into his writings all the pain of his life the fierce hatred of the bourgeoisie that it had produced in him and the conviction it had brought to him that world could be made a better place to live in if the exploited would rise up and take the management of society out of the hands of the exploiters.6. President Carter1) President Carter has been calling his closest advisers together for what is called as a hard reappraisal of his administration’s troubles but who will tell him the truth? 2) You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite “honest criticism” from their aides but seldom get it and usually don’t follow it when they do.3) The reasons for this are not obscure.4) The Oval Office is the most frightening room inAmerica.5) It imposes a kind of respect on most visitors and even those legislative lions who roar against the president on Capital Hill tend to usually lower their voices and follow their prepared speeches when they walk through the White House door.6) Few While House aides dare to say anything against the president without betraying their fears.7) Even Henry Kissinger who is not an excessively modest or silent man hesitated to face President Nixon with the disaster he knew lay ahead.7. On “Mein Kampf”1) Mein Kampf’s theme song recurring again and again is race race purity race supremacy though nowhere did Hitler attempt to define race.2) It wasnever intended by Nature Hitler claims that all races should be equal any more than individuals are equal.3) Some are created superior to others.4) The Germans as the world’s strongest race should rule over the inferior through having the habitat of the highest race extended and scattered Germanic peoples united under one rule.6) The vast expansion visualized by Hitler would takeplace principally at the expense of other races.7) To attain the objectivesset by his soaring ambition Hitler proposes three methods: propagandadiplomacy and force. 8) Nowhere in Mein Kampf is the author more revealing of himself and his tactics than in his discussionof propaganda techniques―correctly believed by him to be one of the Nazis’ most effective and formidable weapons.8. How to Write Clearly1) I have never had much patience with the writers who claim from thereader an effort to understand their meaning.2) You have only to go to great philosophers to see that it is possible to express with lucidity the mostsubtle reflections.3) One cause of obscurity is that many writers think not before but as they write.4) The pen originates the thought.5) Thedisadvantages of this and indeed it is a danger against which the author mustbe always on his guard is that there is a sort of magic in the written word.6) The idea acquires substance by taking on a visible nature and then stands inthe way of its own clarification.7) But this sort of obscurity merges veryeasily into the willful.8) Some writers who do not think clearly are inclinedto suppose that their thoughts have a significance greater than at first sight appears.9) It is flattering to believe that they are too profound to be expressed so clearly that all who run may read and very naturally it does not occur to such writers that the fault is with their own minds which have notthe faculty of precise reis with their own minds which have not the faculty of precise reflection.感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。