英语中几个特殊数词的用法小结正式稿

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英语中几个特殊数词的用法小结

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【摘要】英语的数词除基数词外,还有dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion, trillion七个。它们除了表达基本的数目和顺序外,还有一些特殊用法,涉及到用单数还是用复数,与不与介词连用,与不与定冠词the连用等,本文对它们的用法作七点分析总结。

【关键词】特殊数词、用法、总结

英语的数词由基数词one至 nineteen, 以及twenty至ninety组成,共二十七个。除了这二十七个基数词外,还有七个表示整数的特殊数词,它们分别是dozen(十二),score(二十), hundred(百), thousand(千), million(百万), billion(【美国、法国】十亿 ,【英国、德国】万亿), trillion(【英】百万兆,一百万的三次幂,【美】万亿,兆,一千的四次幂)。称这七个数词为特殊数词,是因为它们除了表达基本的数目和顺序外,还有一些特殊用法,涉及到用单数还是用复数,与不与介词连用,与不与定冠词the连用等,本文对它们的用法作七点分析总结。这七个词中,billion和trillion用法与其它五个词相同,但很少用,故本文不为它们举例。

1.当它们表示具体、确切的数量、修饰名词时,不用复数(但名词要用复数,且可以承前文省略),也不和定冠词the及介词of连用,基本句型为:数词+特殊数词单数(+描绘性形容词)+名词。如:

He had come half a dozen times to call upon his sister.他来看望他姐姐已有六七次了。

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in Liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.(亚伯拉罕·林肯,葛底斯堡演讲)八十七年前,我们的先辈在这个大陆上创立了一个新的国家,它孕育于自由之中,奉行一切人生来平等的原则。

I can give you a hundred reasons for not going. 我可以给你列出一百条不去的理由。

About three million workers were on strike. 大约有三百万工人参加了罢工。

He was prepared to pay two million(dollars). 他愿意支付200万(美元)。

2.当它们不表示具体、确切的数量,而是形容很多时,需用复数,且要与介词of连用,有时还与另一个或几个特殊数词重叠,以加强语气,被修饰的名词不与定冠词the连用,基本句型为:特殊数词复数(+另一个或几个特殊数词复数)+of+名词。如:

He planned to buy dozens of reference books.他计划买几十本参考书。

I've seen this phenomenon hundreds of times.这种现象我看见过好几百次。

The sun was shining. Thousands of people were lying on the beach. 阳光灿烂,数以千计的人躺在海滩上。

She won the lawsuit and received millions of dollars in compensation. 她赢了这个官司,获得了几百万美元的赔偿。

The city subways carry hundreds of thousands of passengers a day. 市内的地下铁每天运载数十万乘客。

Hundreds of millions of people across the world held their breath. Each one was anxiously watching a tiny robot on their TV screen. 全世界数亿人都屏住呼吸,焦急地注视着电视屏幕里的微型机器人。

这些不具体、确切的数量前还可以加上a few, some, several, many等表示不具体、确切数目的形容词。如:

several dozens of port wine 数十瓶葡萄酒

some scores of volunteers 几十名志愿者

some thousands of books 几千本书

Several hundreds of people gathered in front of the hall,waiting for the president to meet them.好几百人聚集在大厅里等候总统的接见。

Why some millions of Californians choose not to prepare for disaster?数百万加州人为什么选择不作防灾准备?

3.当它们表示某个整体中的部分数目时,不用复数,且后面紧跟of+the或these, those,my, our等限定词引导的该整体,基本句型为:数词+特殊数词单数+of+the/these/those, etc.+(描绘性形容词+)名词。如:

I want three dozen of these eggs.这些鸡蛋我要三打。(这些鸡蛋不止三打)

About three hundred of the students in our school will graduate this summer. 我校学生约有300人将于今年夏季毕业。(我校学生不止300)Half a thousand of our employees are college graduates. 我厂的员工有五百都是大学毕业生。(五百员工是我厂员工中的一部分)

Many millions of Indian women are married against their wills.数百万印度女性被违心嫁人。(数百万是印度妇女中的少数)

4.dozen,score,hundred等还常与by,偶尔也与in等介词连用,构成固定短语,表示以某数为批量,用特殊数词单数,若是形容很多,特殊数词常用复数。例如:

We buy tea by the pound, cloth by the yard and eggs by the dozen. 我们买茶叶以磅计, 买布以码计,买蛋以打计。

The shop sells 2B pencils by the long dozen. 这家商店的2B铅笔卖一打送一支。

We were monthly losing ships, including valuable tankers, by the score. 我们每月损失的船只, 包括昂贵的油船,以数十计。

The allied warplanes bombed the country by the hundred. 盟军数以百计的飞机轰炸了那个国家。

The ants arrived at the picnic by the hundreds.成群的蚂蚁来到野餐的地方。

Our candidate will rake in votes by the thousand. 我们的候选人将会得到上千张选票。

Books are being scanned into digital form by the thousands. 成千上

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