动力锂电池组充放电性能试及SOC评估

武汉理工大学毕业设计（论文）动力锂电池组充放电性能测试及SOC评估学院（系）：物流工程学院专业班级：物流自动化专业0903班学生姓名：张兵强指导教师：朱宏辉学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。

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作者签名：年月日导师签名：年月日目录摘要 (1)Abstract (2)第1章绪论 (3)1.1 电动汽车概述 (3)1.2 动力电池的发展状况 (5)1.3 课题的研究目的和意义 (6)1.4主要研究内容 (7)第2 章锂电池组的特性分析 (8)2.1磷酸铁锂电池 (8)2.2工作原理 (8)2.3电池性能参数 (10)2.3.1电池容量 (11)2.3.2电池电压 (12)2.3.3内阻 (12)2.3.4充放电倍率 (12)2.3.5循环使用寿命 (13)2.4电池性能的主要影响因素 (13)2.5电池特点及充放电特性 (14)2.5.1实验设备 (14)2.5.2电池特点 (14)2.5.3充电特性 (15)2.5.4放电特性 (16)第3章锂电池组SOC估算 (18)3.1 SOC 定义 (18)3.2 影响 SOC 的因素 (19)3.2 常见 SOC 的估计方法 (20)3.3.1 卡尔曼滤波原理 (21)3.3.2标准卡尔曼滤波 (22)3.3.3扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）算法 (23)3.4卡尔曼滤波修正算法 (25)3.4.1 扩展卡尔曼滤波复合模型 (25)3.4.2卡尔曼滤波修正算法 (25)第4章结论与展望 (28)4.1本文结论 (28)4.2展望 (28)致谢 (29)参考文献 (30)摘要随着石油能源的短缺和大气污染的加剧，开发节能环保型电动汽车已经成为现今汽车工业领域发展的主要趋势。

作为电动汽车的动力来源和能量载体，电池自身制造工艺以及成组应用技术已成为推动电动汽车商业化的关键因数。

因此，为了保证动力电池能够安全有效的工作，电动汽车必须配置特定的电池管理系统对动力电池组的状态进行控制和管理。

对其进行各项性能测试及荷电状态（SOC）评估是电动汽车研发过程中的重要环节，而电池剩余电量SOC 估计一直是电池管理系统的核心，是反映电池运作状态的主要参数，为整车控制策略提供判断依据。

磷酸铁锂电池由于自身的性能特点受到广泛关注和应用，是目前电池界竞相开发研究的热点。

为了掌握电池组特性以及解决电池组的安全和延长使用寿命，有必要对电池组的性能作深入的研究。

本文主要从磷酸铁锂电池组信号采集、电池组的充放电放电特性和状态估计方面开展研究。

对电池组进行充放电特性分析。

串联的14节电池组在不同倍率的恒流放电的试验，考察了放电电流大小对电池性能的影响。

试验表明磷酸铁锂电池组放电过程中有一个很平稳的放电平台且在低SOC状态下有一定的大倍率放电能力；放电能量效率随SOC增大而增加，随放电倍率增大而减小；大倍率放电性能较其他电池好。

利用开路电压法、Kalman 滤波法与安时计量法结合使用对电池组SOC进行状态估计。

关键词：锂电池组；荷电状态（SOC）；电动汽车AbstractBecause of oil resources shortage and air quality degradation, electric vehicle with advantages of energy saving and environment protection has emerged as the main trend in automobile indust ry. As the major energy carrier and power source, battery’s manufacturing process and group application technology have been the key factors in promoting the commercial progress of electric vehicle. Therefore, in order to keep power battery work securely and effectively, electric vehicle must be equipped with a specific management system to control and supervise the function of battery. To various performance tests and the evaluation of the charged state of (SOC) is the important link in the process of the electric car research and developmen，The state of charge SOC estimation has always been the core component in battery management system, which is one of the main parameters to reflect the battery working states and can provide judgment basis to vehicle control strategy. LiFeP04 battery is attracted great attention and used in many fields for their performances characters，and is the hotspot in the field of battery．The characters of batteries in series is different from the isolated orles，so it is necessary to have an insight view of the battery group and obmin the clues to manage the batteries in order to solve the problem of the safety and prolong the longevity of the baaeries．In this dissertation，many attentions have been paid to the research about the battery group，such as the signal acquisition，the property of the electro-discharge consistency and evaluation of the statement．To analyze the process of electro—discharge and the traits of battery group，a group with fourteen 100Ah batteries will be tested under different SOC with different consistent electro-discharge，and effects caused by the change of．the discharging current for the characters of the batteries will be investigated，as well as the effects caused by the SOC will be studied．There exists a steady discharging platform for the discharging process of LiFeP04 batteries，for there will cause great change only at the start state and end state，moreover this system will have the capacity to have lligh—rate of electro—discharge under low SOC state．And the energy effectiveness of electro-discharge will increase by the argument of the SOC，Oil the other hand，it will decrease by the argument of the ratio of electro-discharge．If the capacity of this group suits the Peukert model，then the loss will become small，when the rate of electro—discharge is higll，and the performance of electro-discharge will be better than other batteries．Each battery in the LiFeP04 batteries is almost normal distribution whether with or without imposed current,so the consistency of the batteries Can be determined by the distribution of open circuit voltage and polarizing voltage．the battery’S SOC will be calculated by ampere．hour measurement and Kalman filter algorithm，and the quality of SOC of the baaery group will be analyzed on the basis of the concision run．ion of the consistent error constant．Key words：Lithium battery pack；tate of charge (SOC)；electric vehicle第1章绪论1.1 电动汽车概述随着生产力的发展和社会需求的增加，汽车已不再简单地视为传统意义上的代步运输工具，而正逐渐成为大多数人社会生活的重要组成部分。