英语四级55篇阅读理解练习

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英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析

英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析

英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析四级长篇阅读练习题:Promote Learning and Skills for Young People and AdultsA) This goal places the emphasis on the learning needs of young people and adults in the context of lifelong learning.It calls for fair access to learning programs that are appropriate,and mentions life skills particularly.B)Education is about giving people the opportunity to develop their potential,their personality and their strengths.This does not merely mean learning new knowledge,but also developing abilities to make the most of life.These are called life skills——including the inner capacities and the practical skills we need.C)Many of the inner capacities——often known as psych0—social skills——cannot be taught as subjects.They are not the same as academic or technical learnin9.They must rather be modeled and promoted as part of learning,and in particular by teachers.These skills have to do with the way we behave—towards other people,towards ourselves,towards the challenges and problems of life.They include skills in communicating,in making decisions and solving problems,in negotiating and expressing ourselves,in thinking critically and understanding our feelings.D)More practical life skills are the kinds of manual skills we need for the physical tasks we face.Some would include vocational skills under the heading of life skills——the ability to lay bricks.sew clothes,catch fish or repair a motorbike.These are skills by which people may earn their livelihood and which are often available to young people leaving school.In fact,very often young people learn psycho-social skills as they learn more practical skills.Learning vocational skills can be a strategy for acquiring both practical and psycho-social skills.E)We need to increase our life skills at every stage of life,so learning them may be part of early child—hood education.of primary and secondary education and of adult learning groups.Life skills can be put into the categories that the Jacques Delors report suggested;it spoke of four pillars of education,which correspond to certain kinds of life skills —Learning to know:Thinking abilities:such as problem—solving,critical thinking,decision making,understanding consequences.Learning to be:Personal abilities:such as managing stress and feelings,self-awareness,self-confidence.Learning to live together:Social abilities:such as communication,negotiation,teamwork.Learning to do: Manual skills:practicing know-how required for work and tasks.F)In todays world all these skills are necessary, in order to face rapid change in society.This means that it is important to know how to go on learning as we require new skills for life and work.In addition,we need to know how to cope with the flood of information and turn it in to useful knowledge.We also need to learn how to handle change in society and in our own lives.G)Life skills are both concrete and abstract—practical skills can be learned directly, as a subject.For example, a learner can take a course in laying bricks and learn that skill.Other life skills,such asself-confidence,self-esteem,and skills for relating to others or thinking critically cannot be taught in such direct ways.They should be part of any learning process,where teachers or instructors are concerned that learners should not just learn about subjects,but learn how to cope with life and make the most of their potential.H)So these life skills may be learnt when learning other things.For example:Learning literacy may have a big impact on self-esteem,on critical thinking or on communication skills;Learning practical skills s ach as drivin9,healthcare or tailoring may increase self-confidence,teach problem—solving processes or help in understanding consequences.I) Whether this is true depends on the way of teachin9—what kinds of thinkin9,relationship building and communication the teacher or facilitator models themselves and promotes among the learners.It would require measuring the individual and collective progress in making the most of learning and of life,or assessing how far human potential is being realized,or estimating how well people cope with change.It is easier to measure the development of practical skills,for instance by counting the number of students who register for vocational skills courses.However, this still may not tell us how effectively these skills are being used.J)The psych0.social skills cannot easily be measured by tests and scores,but become visible in Chang behavior.Progress in this area has often been noted by teachers on reports which they make to the parentsof their pupils.The teachers experience of life,of teaching and of what can be expected from education in the broadest sense serve as a standard by which the growth and development of individuals can be assessed to some extent.This kind of assessment is individual and may never appear in international tables and charts.K)The current challenges relate to these difficulties:We need to recognize the importance of life skillsboth practical and psycho-socialas part of education which leads to the full development of human potential and to the development of society.The links between psycho—social skills and practical skills must be more clearly spelled out,so that educators can promote both together and find effective ways to do this.Since life skills are taught as part of a wide range of subjects,teachers need to have training in how to put them across and how to monitor learnersgrowth in these areas.In designing curricula and syllabuses for academic subjects,there must be a balance between content teaching and attention to the accompanying life skills.A more conscious and deliberate effort to promote life skills will enable learners to become more active citizens in the life of society.L) Governments should recognize and actively advocate for the transformational role of education in realizing human potential and in socio—economic development.Ensure that curricula and syllabuses address life skills and give learners the opportunity to make real-life applications of knowledge,skills and attitudes.Show how life skills of all kinds apply in the world of work,for example,negotiating and communication skills,as well practical skills.Through initial andin-service teacher training,increase the use of active and participatory learning/teaching approaches.Examine and adapt the processes and content of education so that there is a balance between academic input and life skills development.Make sure that education inspectors look not only for academic progress through teaching and learning,but also progress in the communication, modeling and application of life skills.Advocate for the links between primary and(early)secondary education because learning life skills needs eight or nine years and recognize that the prospect of effective secondary education is an incentive to children,and their parents,to complete primary education successfully.M)Funding agencies should support research,exchange anddebate.nationally and regionally,on ways of strengthening life skills education.Support innovative(创新的)teacher training in order to combine life skills promotion into subjects across the curriculum and as a fundamental part of what school and education are about.Recognize the links between primary and secondary education in ensuring that children develop strong life skills.Support,therefore,the early years of secondary education as part basic education.N) As support to governments and in cooperation with other international agencies,UNESC0:Works to define life skills better and clarify what it means to teach and learn them.Assists education. policy makers and teachers to develop and use a life skills approach to education.Advocates for the links between a life skills approach to education and broader society and human development.46.The recognition of life skills as part of education will promote the development of human potential and society.47.The abilities to make the most of life consist of the inner capacities and the practical skills.48.The progress in psycho—social skills can be measured by changed behavior.ernments should examine and adapt the processes and content of education so as to balance the academic input and life skills development.50.According to Jacques Delors,four pillars of education include learning to know, learning to be, learning to live together and learning to do.51.The funding agencies should link primary education and secondary education to make sure that children develop strong life skills.52.Learning literacy may exert an influence on self-esteem,critical thinking and communication skills.53.One function of UNESCO is to help educational policy makers and teachers to develop and use a life skills approach to education.54.Learning vocational skills can be an approach to acquiring both practical and psycho—social skills.55.The abilities to manage stress and feelings,self-awareness,self-confidence are personal abilities.答案解析:【解析】J)。

大学英语四级考试阅读理解练习20篇

大学英语四级考试阅读理解练习20篇

大学英语四级考试阅读理解练习20篇大学英语四级考试阅读理解练习20篇大学英语四级考试阅读理解练习20篇When one looks back upon the fifteen hundred years that are the life span of the English language, he should be able to notice a number of significant truths. The history of our language has always been a history of constant change—at times a slow, almost imperceptible change, at other times a violent collision between two languages. Our language has always been a living growing organism, it has never been static. Another significant truth that emerges from such a study is that language at all times has been the possession not of one class or group but of many. 『At one extreme it has been the property of the common, ignorant folk, who have used it in the daily business of their living, much as they have used their animals or the kitchen pots and pans.』①At the other extreme it has been the treasure of those who have respected it as an instrument and a sign of civilization, and who have struggled by writing it down to give it some permanence, order, dignity, and if possible, a little beauty.As we consider our changing language, we should note here two developments that are of special and immediate importance to us. One is that since the time of the Anglo-Saxons there has been an almost complete reversal of the different devices for showing the relationship of words in a sentence. Anglo-Saxon (old English) was a language of many inflections. Modern English has few inflections. We must now depend largely on word order and function words to convey the meanings that the older language did by means of changes in the formsof words. Function words, you should understand, are words such as prepositions, conjunctions, and a few others that are used primarily to show relationships among other words. A few inflections, however, have survived. And when some word inflections come into conflict with word order, there may be trouble for the users of the language, as we shall seelater when we turn our attention to such maters as WHO or WHOM and ME or I. The second fact we must consider is that as language itself changes, our attitudes toward language forms change also. 『The eighteenth century, for example, produced from various sources a tendency to fix the language into patterns not always set in and grew, until at the present time there is a strong tendency to restudy andre-evaluate language practices in terms of the ways in which people speak and write.』②1.In contrast to the earlier linguists, modern linguists tend to .A. attempt to continue the standardization of the languageB. evaluate language practices in terms of current speech rather than standards or proper patternsC. be more concerned about the improvement of the language than its analysis or historyD. be more aware of the rules of the language usage 2.Choose the appropriate meaning for the word “inflection” used in line 4 of paragraph 2.A. Changes in the forms of words.B. Changes in sentence structures.C. Changes in spelling rules.D. Words that have similar meanings.3.Which of the following statements is not mentioned in the passage? A. It is generally believed that the year 1500 can be set as the beginning of the modern English language.B. Some other languages had great influence on the English language at some stages of its development.C. The English language has been and still in a state of relatively constant change.D. Many classes or groups have contributed to the development of the English language.4. The author of these paragraphs is probably a(an) .A. historianB. philosopherC. anthropologistD. linguist5.Which of the following can be best used as the title of the passage? A. The history of the English language.B. Our changing attitude towards the English language.C. Our changing language.D. Some characteristics of modern English.Vocabulary1. span n. 跨度,范围,一段时间,期间。

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷55(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷55(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷55(题后含答案及解析) 题型有: 5. READING COMPREHENSIONPART V READING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)Directions: In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Early humans were very interested in birds and attributed magic and religious powers to them. The connection between birds and death that humans have imagined since prehistoric times still persists strongly in some modern folklore. There are also early hints of humans forming an association between birds and human reproduction. Somewhat later birds were regarded as weather changers and forecasters. Birds symbolized the mysterious powers that pervaded the wilderness in which humans hungered, hunted, and dreamed. Thus it is not surprising that many mythological creatures, such as thunderbird, phoenix, and roc, take the form of birds. In the legends of native North Americans, the thunderbird is a powerful spirit in the form of a bird. Through the work of this bird, it is said, the Earth is watered and vegetation grows. Lightning is believed to flash from its beak, and the beating of its wings is thought to result in the rolling of thunder. It is often portrayed with an extra head on its abdomen. The majestic thunderbird is often accompanied by lesser bird spirits, frequently in the form of eagles or falcons. Evidence of similar figures has been found throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe. In ancient Egypt and in classical antiquity, the phoenix was a fabulous bird associated with the worship of the sun. The phoenix was said to be as large as an eagle, with brilliant scarlet and gold plumage and a melodious cry. Only one phoenix existed at any one time, and it was very long-lived; an ancient writer gave it a life span of less than 500 years. As its death approached, the phoenix fashioned a nest of aromatic boughs and spices, set it on fire, and was consumed in the flames. From the burning firewood miraculously sprang a new phoenix, which, after preserving its predecessor’s ashes in an egg of myrrh, flew with the ashes to the City of the Sun, in Egypt, where it deposited them in the altar in the temple of the Egyptian god of the sun. The phoenix was understandably thus associated with immortality and the allegory of resurrection and life after death. The phoenix was compared to undying Rome, and it appears on the coinage of the late Roman Empire as a symbol of the Eternal City. In Arabic legends, the roc, or rukh, was a gigantic bird with two horns on its head and fur humps on its back and was said to be able to carry off elephants and other large beasts for food.1.Prehistoric people related birds to theirA.longevity.B.daily life.C.working conditions.D.living environment.正确答案:A解析:第2句中的death和第3句中的reproduction表明史前人类将鸟类与“生死”联系在一起,A最接近。

英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析

英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析

英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案解析四级长篇阅读作为阅读理解的重要题型,所占总分的比重高,需要获得超高的正确率,才能不给阅读理解乃至总分拖后腿,因此需要考生在考前重视长篇阅读的练习。

下面店铺为大家带来英语四级长篇阅读练习题,欢迎同学们阅读练习。

英语四级长篇阅读练习题原文:Endangered PeoplesA) Today, it is not distance, but culture that separates the peoples of the world. The central question of our time may be how to deal with cultural differences. So begins the book, Endangered Peoples, by Art Davidson. It is an attempt to provide understanding of the issues affecting the world's native peoples. This book tells the stories of 21 tribes, cultures, and cultural areas that are struggling to survive. It tells each story through the voice of a member of the tribe .Mr. Davidson recorded their words. Art Wolfe and John Isaac took pictures of them. The organization called the Sierra Club published the book.B) The native groups live far apart in North America or South America, Africa or Asia. Yet their situations are similar. They are fighting the march of progress in an effort to keep themselves and their cultures alive. Some of them follow ancient ways most of the time. Some follow modern ways most of the time. They have one foot in ancient world and one foot in modern world. They hope to continue to balance between these two worlds. Yet the pressures to forget their traditions and join the modern world may be too great.C) Rigoberta Menchu of Guatemala, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, offers her thoughts in the beginning of the book Endangered Peoples. She notes that many people claim thatnative people are like stories from the past. They are ruins that have died. She disagrees strongly. She says native communities are not remains of the past. They have a future, and they have much wisdom and richness to offer the rest of the world.D) Art Davidson traveled thousands of miles around the world while working on the book. He talked to many people to gather their thoughts and feelings. Mr. Davidson notes that their desires are the same. People want to remain themselves~ he says. They want to raise their children the way they were raised. They want their children to speak their mother tongue, their own language. They want them to have their parents' values and customs. Mr. Davidson says the people's cries are the same: "Does our culture have to die? Do we have to disappear as a people?"E) Art Davidson lived for more than 25 years among native people in the American state of Alaska. He says his interest in native peoples began his boyhood when he found an ancient stone arrowhead. The arrowhead was used as a weapon to hunt food. The hunter was an American Indian, long dead. Mr. Davidson realized then that Indians had lived in the state of Colorado, right where he was standing. And it was then, he says, that he first wondered: "Where are they? Where did they go? "He found answers to his early question. Many of the native peoples had disappeared. They were forced off their lands. Or they were killed in battle. Or they died from diseases brought by new settlers. Other native peoples remained, but they had to fight to survive the pressures of the modern world.F) The Gwich'in are an example of the survivors. They have lived in what is now Alaska and Canada for 10,000 years. Now about 5,000 Gwich'in remain. They are mainly hunters. They huntthe caribou, a large deer with big horns that travels across the huge spaces of the far north. For centuries, they have used all parts of the caribou: the meat for food, the skins for clothes, the bones for tools. Hunting caribou is the way of life of the Gwich'in.G) One Gwich'in told Art Davidson of memories from his childhood. It was a time when the tribe lived quietly in its own corner of the world. He spoke to Mr. Davidson in these words: "As long as I can remember, someone would sit by a fire on the hilltop every spring and autumn. His job was to look for caribou. If he saw a caribou, he would wave his arms or he would make his fire to give off more smoke. Then the village would come to life! People ran up to the hilltop. The tribes seemed to be at its best at these gatherings. We were all filled with happiness and sharing!"H) About ten years ago, the modern world invaded the quiet world of the Gwich' in. Oil companies wanted to drill for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. This area was the please where the caribou gave birth to their young. The Gwich'in feared the caribou would disappear. One Gwich' in woman describes the situation in these words: "Oil development threatens the caribou. If the caribou are threatened, then the people are threatened. Oil company official and American lawmakers do not seem to understand. They do not come into our homes and share our food. They have never tried to understand the feeling expressed in our songs and our prayers. They have not seen the old people cry. Our elders have seen parts of our culture destroyed. They worry that our people may disappear forever."I) A scientist with a British oil company dismisses (驳回,打消) the fears of the Gwich'in. He also says they have no choice. They will have to change. The Gwich' in, however, are resisting. Theytook legal action to stop the oil companies. But they won only a temporary ban on oil development in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve. Pressures continue on other native people, as Art Davidson describes in his book. The pressures come from expanding populations, dam projects that flood tribal lands, and political and economic conflicts threaten the culture, lands, and lives of such groups as the Quechua of Peru, the Malagasy of Madagascar and the Ainu of Japan.J) The organization called Cultural Survival has been in existence for 22 years. It tries to protect the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world. It has about 12,000 members. And it receives help from a large number of students who work without pay. Theodore MacDonald is director of the Cultural Survival Research Center. He says the organization has three main jobs. It does research and publishes information. It works with native people directly. And it creates markets for goods produced by native communities.K) Late last year, Cultural Survival published a book called State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger. The book contains reports from researchers who work for Cultural Survival, from experts on native peoples, and from native peoples themselves. The book describes the conditions of different native and minority groups. It includes longer reports about several threatened societies, including the Penan of Malaysia and the Anishina be of North American. And it provides the names of organizations similar to Cultural Survival for activists, researchers and the press.L) David May bury-Lewis started the Cultural Survival organization. Mr. May bury-Lewis believes powerful groups rob native peoples of their lives, lands, or resources. About 6,000groups are left in the world. A native group is one that has its own langue. It has a long-term link to a homeland. And it has governed itself. Theodore MacDonald says Cultural Survival works to protect the rights of groups, not just individual people. He says the organization would like to develop a system of early warnings when these rights are threatened .Mr. MacDonald notes that conflicts between different groups within a country have been going on forever and will continue. Such conflicts, he says, cannot be prevented. But they do not have to become violent. What Cultural Survival wants is to help set up methods that lead to peaceful negotiations of traditional differences. These methods, he says, are a lot less costly than war.英语四级长篇阅读练习题选项:46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples.47. The book Endangered Peoples contents not only words, but also pictures.48. Art Davidson's initial interest in native people was aroused by an ancient stone arrowhead he found in his childhood, which was once used by an American Indian hunter.49. The native groups are trying very hard to balance between the ancient world and the modern world.50. By talking with them, Art Davidson finds that the native people throughout the world desire to remain themselves.51. Most of the Gwich'in are hunters, who live on hunting caribou.52. Cultural Survival is an organization which aims at protecting the rights and cultures of peoples throughout the world.53. According to Theodore MacDonald, the Cultural Survivalorganization .would like to develop a system of early warnings when a society's rights are to be violated.54. The book State of the Peoples: a Global Human Rights Report on Societies in Danger describes the conditions of different native and minority groups.55. The Gwich' in tried to stop oil companies from drilling for oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Preserve for fear that it should drive the caribou away.英语四级长篇阅读练习题答案解析:46. Rigoberta Menchu, the Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1992, writes preface for the book Endangered Peoples. 1992年诺贝尔和平奖的得主Rigoberta Menchu女士为《濒危民族》这本书作序。

大学四级英语仔细阅读专项习题附答案

大学四级英语仔细阅读专项习题附答案

大学四级英语仔细阅读专项习题(一)Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has learned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companionship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countries of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent for their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-footed, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.来源:考试大Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming(到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do what their masters require.All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in quantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scraps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless(倦怠的) and dull. The quantity of food depends on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad as underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise master seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available for sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a cheap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.1. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A) There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.D) An animal will be useless unless domesticated.2. When an animal is underfed, it will probably ____.A) refuse to obey its masterB) immediately fall illC) require its master to offer some foodD) seek for food on its own3. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?A) They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.B) They have great adaptation for the environment.C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.4. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____.A) not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on itB) to pay attention to its proper feedingC) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exerciseD) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations5. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?A) Domesticated Animals - Man’s Best Fr iendB) Proper Diet - the Road to HealthC) The Advantages of Raising Domestic AnimalsD) Some Tips on Pet-keeping大学四级英语仔细阅读专项习题答案1.B)Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals. 黑体部分为第一段两个要点,A只包含了一个要点,C只提到了一头驴。

大学英语四级阅读理解范文

大学英语四级阅读理解范文

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大学英语四级阅读习题及答案

大学英语四级阅读习题及答案

大学英语四级阅读习题及答案大学英语四级阅读习题(一)1、A2、D3、C4、C5、B大学英语四级阅读习题答案Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americans traditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for future financial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way people treat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children dont like their parentsB) parents dont feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from ones family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that _____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsible大学英语四级阅读习题(二)Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team. A researcher was appointed to study the performance of some top referees.The researcher organized an experimental tournament (锦标赛) involving four youth teams. Each match lasted an hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during which different referees were in charge.Observers noted down the referees errors, of which there were 61 over the tournament. Converted to a standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost 23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.The researcher then studied the videotapes to analyse the matches in detail. Surprisingly, he found that errors were more likely when the referees were close to the incident. When the officials got it right, they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action. The average distance in the case of errors was 12 meters. The research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is about 20 meters.There also seemed to be an optimum speed. Correct decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed of about 2 meters per second. The average speed for errors was 4 meters per second.If FIFA, footballs international ruling body, wants to improve the standard of refereeing at the next World Cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep up with the ball, the researcher argues.He also says that FIFAs insistence that referees should retire at age 45 may be misguided. If keeping up with the action is not so important, their physical condition is less critical.21. The experiment conducted by the researcher was meant to ________.A) review the decisions of referees at the 1998 World CupB) analyse the causes of errors made by football refereesC) set a standard for football refereeingD) reexamine the rules for football refereeing22. The number of refereeing errors in the experimental matches was ________.A) slightly above averageB) higher than in the 1998 World CupC) quite unexpectedD) as high as in a standard match23. The findings of the experiment show that ________.A) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close to the ballB) the farther the referee is from the incident, the fewer the errorsC) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely will errors occurD) errors are less likely when a referee stays in one spot24. The word “officials” (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably refers to ________.A) the researchers involved in the experimentB) the inspectors of the football tournamentC) the referees of the football tournamentD) the observers at the site of the experiment25. What is one of the possible conclusions of the experiment?A) The ideal retirement age for an experienced football referee is45.B) Age should not be the chief consideration in choosing a football referee.C) A football referee should be as young and energetic as possible.D) An experienced football referee can do well even when in poor physical condition.。

2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(新东方在线版)新

2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(新东方在线版)新

2022年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案解析(新东方在线版)无论是选词填空、长篇阅读还是认真阅读,与在四级课堂上讲到的解题技巧都有很高的契合度。

首先一起来谈谈选词填空这个题型。

总的来说,考点仍旧是课堂上反复跟大家强调的,用我们上课讲到的快速解题法则很快能得到正确答案。

首先第一步分析选项词性。

今年名词考2个,动词考5个,形容词考1个,副词2个。

如此一来,我们很快把15选1缩小到了最多是7选1,最少的状况是1选1。

另外,请留意,名词通过单复数,动词通过时态和非谓语动词还可以进一步缩小范围。

选词填空答案如下:26. F Damage27. B associated28 .M sources29 .D constant30 .G described31 .E control32 .H equals33 .K regularly34. I exclusively35 .O vehicles长篇阅读难度持平,用定位法则快速找定位即可,特殊要留意的是题干中只消失的大写专出名词、数字、时间、连词符和只消失过一次的表达。

今年的匹配题比较难,少数题干消失了同义替换的现象,大多数还是根据我们说的用到的是类似的表达和词性的替换。

匹配题答案如下:36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.40.Training a patient to prepare healthy fod can change their life.41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patientshow to cook it.42. Scott is nat keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based fooding food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days.45. Americans high rates of various illesses result from the way they eat.再来谈谈认真阅读部分。

2022年12月大学英语四级阅读理解真题答案

2022年12月大学英语四级阅读理解真题答案

四级阅读理解答案(试卷是花卷,着重看选项后内容)阅读第1套文章开头Parenting brings fathers more joy than it does...26.K involving27.B associated span28.L note29.A additional30.D cultivate Spa31.E depressive32.H however33.G emotions34.F directly35.I implications【长篇阅读】36.[C]People often grant a request just because they want to appear polite and helpful.37.[H]It's no easy job learning to say“no”to opportunities that were once considered worth grasping.38.[E]When you decline a request,you are saving your future time.39.[B]People sometimes struggle to do things that are simply a waste of time.40.[I]Doing efficiently what is not worth doing is the most useless effort.41.[C]It's especially difficult for people to decline to do what their superiors ask them to do.42.[A]People agree to do too many things they are in fact unwilling to do.43.[G]According to one famous entrepreneur,innovation means refusal to do an enormous number of things.44.[D]It is an essential aspect of life to cooperate with other people.45.[F]Refusing a request is sometimes seen as a privilege not enjoyed by ordinary people.【仔细阅读1】文章开头We are eating more fish than ever these days.46.What does the author say is remarkable about the fish we eat?B)They are mostly farmed.47.What do we need to do if we keep consuming fish at the current rateD)Expand the scale of fish-farming continuously.48.What does the author say about China in terms of aquatic food?C)It raises more fish than caught from the wild.49.Why does the author say aquaculture is so important these days?A)It is a must for feeding the world's fast-growing population.50.What does the author imply by saying aquaculture is no silver bulletC)Fish-farming may cause serious problems too.【仔细阅读2】文章开头In2020,the Nobel Peace Prize was...51.What does the WEP's winning of the Nobel Peace Prize make us realize?D)It is morally wrong to think helping the poor is not our business.52.What do we learn about the WEP's effort to eliminate hunger?B)It is still far from its goal despite the progress made.53.What will happen when food aid is offered at a price?A)The rich will become richer and the poor poorer.54.How can scientists help cope with poverty and hungerB)By sharing expertise with peers in poverty stricken nations55.What message does the author try to convey at the end of the passage?C)Poor nations should enhance their own ability to solve their food shortages.阅读第2套选词填空文章开头Researchers,writing in the...26.L)ranging27.H)measured28.B)certificates29.M)relative30.E)differences31.O)targeting32.C)connected33.D)demonstrates34.A)acknowledge35.F)establish【长篇阅读】文章标题The hidden costs colleges don't want you to know about36.[I]There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages...37.[G]If you are low-income student who will be attending school out-of-state,make sure you know if you can use your state benefits...38.[B]At my well-respected,private,four-year university in Washington,DC,which boasts a yearly tuition of$44,046...39.[D]Schools will charge you whatever they can.The costs of any damages to the dorm,including elevators,bathrooms..…40.[L]Students and families must also understand their ability to self-advocate...41.[A]This fall,thousands of college students from across the country will begin their undergraduate careers at colleges..…42.[J]Yes,I chose to attend an expensive university far from my hometown...43.[I]There is another depressing reality hidden within even the largest financial aid packages....44.[C]Universities today are in the business of making money,and mine is no exception...45.[H]you plan on paying off bills in your student account with a credit card,be aware of any additional costs...【仔细阅读1】文章开头To write his2010book,The5-Factor World Diet...46.What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods?A)Variety.47.What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?B)They tend to eat quite a lot.48.What features in Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets?C)Seasonal local produce.49.What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?D)They attach great importance to their meals.pared with the average American,people in healthy societies_B)do considerably more walking【仔细阅读2】文章开头Recognizing when'a friend or colleague feels sad.…51.What is the finding of the new study?C)People who are aware of others'feelings may experience more stress.52.What was the purpose of psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt's experiment?B)To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever.53.What does the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt's study indicate?D)People may suffer from having a high emotional intelligence.54.What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies?C)Some people may take advantage of it and benefit themselves.55.What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies A)Avoid burdening themselves with others'feelings.阅读第3套Phones influence all aspects of teenage life...26.D)constantly28.H)nationally29.G)inseparable30.A)absorbed31.L)specific32.E)context33.J)shape34.C)behavior35.F)exercise【长篇阅读】标题Evil Genius36.[D]A behavior that does not conform to social norms may be described as being deviant.37.[J]Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the creativity test.38.[B]People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.39.[G]The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationship between dishonesty and creativity.40.[A]The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class.41.[I]The researchers tested the participants'creativity by asking them to play a word game.42.[K]It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good and harm to individuals and society.43.[C]The reasons for people's evil behaviors can be explained in more ways than one.44.[H]The math task in one experiment was designed to test participants'tendency to cheat.45.[F]Some creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.【仔细阅读1】文章开头Even though we are living in an age where46.D)Shifting people's perspective on aging.47.A)He wanted to make it more pleasant for seniors.48.D)He acted in violation of the state law.49.C)Getting old is by no means something miserable.50.A)It is gaining ground in many countries.【仔细阅读2】Passage Tow文章开头Research shows that in developed countries,51.B)People from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.52.A)A better understanding of the relationship between social class and health.53.D)They do not lack food knowledge or budgeting skills.54.C)Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.55.B)Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.。

英语四级阅读理解练习及参考答案

英语四级阅读理解练习及参考答案

英语四级阅读理解练习及参考答案英语四级阅读理解练习及参考答案:Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ),B., C. andD. . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Educators today are more and more often heard to say that computer literacy is absolutely necessary for college students. Many even argue that each incoming freshman should have permanent access to his or hcr own microcomputer. What advantages do computers offer the college students?Any student who has used a word processor will know one compelling reason to use a computer: to write papers. Although not all students feel comfortable composing on a word processor, most find revising and editing much easier on it. One can alter, insert, or delete just by pressing a few keys, thus eliminating the need to rewrite or re-type. Furthermore, since the revision process is less burdensome, students are more likely to revise as often as is necessary to end up with the best paper possible.For these reasons, many freshman English courses require the use of a word processor.Computers are also useful in the context of language courses, where they are used to drill students in basic skills. Software programs reinforce ESL(English as a Second Language ) instruction, as well as instruction in French, German, Spanish, and other languages. By using these programs on a regular basis, students can improve their proficiency in a language while proceeding at their own pace.Science students take advantage of computers in many ways. Using computer graphic capabilities, for example, botany students can represent and analyze different plant growth patterns. Medical students can learn to interpret computerized images of internal body structures. Physics students can complete complex calculations farmore quickly than they could without the use of computer.Similarly, business and accounting students find that computer spreadsheet programs are all but indispensable to many aspects of their work, while students pursuing careers in graphic arts. marketing, and public relations find that knowledge of computer graphic is important. Education majors learn to develop grading systems using computers, while social science students use computers for analyzing and graphically displacing their research results.It is no wonder, then, that educators support the purchase and use of microcomputers by students. A versatile tool, the computer can help students learn. And that is, after all, the reason for going to college.56. The word "literacy" (Line 1, Paragraph 1) means__________.A. the ability to read and writeB. the ability to useC. literatureD. the knowledge of language57. The main purpose of this passage is to __________.A. persuade the educators to increase computer use in their own classroomB. analyze advantages and disadvantages of computer use among college studentsC. identify some of the ways that computers benefit college studentsD. describe how computers can be used to teach foreign languages58. According to the author, a word processor can be used to__________.A. revise papersB. retype papersC. reduce the psychological burden of writing papersD. improve the writing skills of a student59. In this passage, the writers argument is developed primarily through the use of __________.A. cause-effect analysisB. comparison and contrastC. inductionD. examples60. According to the author, the reason for students to go to college is__________.A. to learn somethingB. to perfect themselvesC. to improve computer skillsD. to make the best use of computers英语四级阅读理解练习及参考答案:Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Language is, and should be, a living thing, constantly enriched with new words and forms of expression. But there is a vital distinction between good developments, which add to the language, enabling us to say things we could not say before, and bad developments, which subtract from the language by rendering it less precise. A vivacious, colorful use of words is not to be confused with mere slovenliness. The kind of slovenliness in which some professionals deliberately indulge is perhaps akin to the cult (迷信) of the unfinished work, which has eroded most of the arts in our time. And the true answer to it is the same that art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline. You cannot carve satisfactorily in butter.The corruption of written English has been accompanied by an even sharper decline in the standard of spoken English. We speak very much less well than was common among educated Englishmen a generation or two ago.The modem theatre has played a baneful (有害的) part in dimming our appreciation of language. Instead of the immensely articulate dialogue of, for example, Shaw (who was also very insistent on good pronunciation),audiences are now subjected to streams of barely literate trivia, often designed, only too well, to exhibit lack of communication, and larded (夹杂) with the obscenities (下流的话) and grammatical errors of the intellectually impoverished. Emily Post once advised her readers: "The theatre is the best possible place to hear correctly-enunciated speech. " Alas, no more. One young actress was recently reported to be taking lessons in how to speak badly, so that she should fit in better.But the BBC is the worst traitor. After years of very successfully helping to raise the general standard of spoken English, it suddenly went into reverse. As the head of the Pronunciation Unit coyly (含蓄地) put it, "In the 1960s the BBC opened the field to a much wider range of speakers." To hear a BBC disc jockey talking to the latest ape-like pop idol is a truly shocking experience of verbal squalor. And the prospect seems to be of even worse to come. School teachers are actively encouraged to ignore little Johnnys incoherent grammar, atrocious spelling and haphazard punctuation, because worrying about such things might inhibit his creative genius.61. The writer relates linguistic slovenliness to tendencies in the arts today in that they both __________.A. occasionally aim at a certain fluidityB. appear to shun perfectionC. from time to time show regard for the finishing touchD. make use of economical short cuts62. "Art is enhanced, not hindered, by discipline" (Lines 6~7, Paragraph 1 ) means __________.A. an artists work will be finer if he observes certain aesthetic standardsB. an unfinished work is bound to be comparatively inferiorC. the skill of certain artists conceals their slovenlinessD. artistic expression is inhibited by too many roles63. Many modem plays, the author finds, frequently contain speech which__________.A. is incoherent and linguistically objectionableB. is far too ungrammatical for most people to followC. unintentionally shocks the audienceD. tries to hide the authors intellectual inadequacies64. The author says that the standard of the spoken English of BBC__________.A. is the worst among all broadcasting networksB. has raised English-speaking up to a new levelC. has taken a turn for the worse since the 1960sD. is terrible because of a few popular disc jockeys65. Teachers are likely to overlook the linguistic lapses in their pupils since__________.A. they find that children no longer respond to this kind of discipline nowadaysB. they fear the children may become less coherentC. more importance is now attached to oral expressionD. the children may be discouraged from expressing their ideas。

四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案

四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案

四级阅读理解精炼习题及参考答案参考答案:Ⅰ. 1. T 2. T 3. T 4. FⅡ. Not totally, they offer more luxurious services,longer hours. 译文:在临东京湾的时髦地区出现了奇特的仿古式场景。

它是一个温泉疗养中心, 里面逼真地模拟了日本江户末年街道、小餐馆、商店的情景, 那些年日本尚未因外来力量的冲击而发生改变。

这个名为“江户温泉神话”的浴场是董事长中村勇夫多年的梦想。

中村勇夫惋惜战后日*化的美国化及其对东京的影响。

“过去我们告诉国外游客到京都去体味和享受古朴的日本, ”中村说:“如今他们可以来这里。

”在日本的黄金时代温泉浴行业有前景的想法已经得到映证。

现在人们甚至用一个专门的词——— iyashi-sangyo , 即治疗产业, 来表示这一行业。

该行业通过提供各种服务来缓解日本似乎无止尽的经济衰退引起的焦虑。

其中包括: 熏香、按摩和短期的田间劳作, 但这些都不及温泉受欢迎, 温泉的治疗效果已是久负盛名。

日本是火山群岛, 有三万多处然温泉和三千多处大多分布在乡间小旅馆里的温泉胜地。

中村建设中的这家浴场规模和排场都是史无前例的, 是一座位于东京市中心的具有乡村风情的庞大的浴室和主题公园。

另外还有两家温泉疗养中心正在建设中, 其中一家造价比中村浴场的四千六百万美元几乎高出三倍。

在一所大学研究温泉文化的教授松田忠德说, 在市中心快速矗立起的这些庞大的设施, 暗示人们对经济的焦虑“已经一触即发”, 而投资者们想从中渔利。

东京新的浴场和传统的澡堂大同小异。

在一般的澡堂, 客人花4 美元用普通的水洗刷一下, 午夜打烊时, 他们就得离开。

东京所有新建的浴场都要用抽自地下1 700 米深处的真正的矿物温泉水。

他们提供每次最低消费为20 美元的时间更长、更舒适的服务。

尽管这股建设热潮中存在风险, 但是在日本温泉浴行业似乎充满了商机: 现有的温泉浴场每年接待3 亿白天来访的客人。

大学英语四级深度阅读题及详解

大学英语四级深度阅读题及详解

1.What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people whoarrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚).It’s wha t we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. beliefC. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. identifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted【答案及详解】1. D feel是一个系动词,可以判断此处应填入一个形容词,通过上下文意思,以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guiltyabout sth. “对……感到有愧”。

英语四级阅读理解练习附答案详解

英语四级阅读理解练习附答案详解

英语四级阅读理解练习附答案详解Mom Is Best Weapon Against Drug AbuseA caring mother is the single most important factor in preventing teenagers from abusingdrugs and alcohol1.An international study showed that teenagers living with both parents are less likely to sufferfrom alcohol and drug problems but a strong maternal2 bond is the most effective barrier tosubstance abuse."These findings suggest that living with both parents may inhibit drug use but only ifavailability through peer networks3 is not very high,"said Dr. Paul McArdle, of NewcastleUniversity in northern England, who led the study. "They also suggest thatattachment,particularly to mothers, is a more potent inhibitor and that this is truly acrosscultures and substances."The report, which is published in the journal Addiction, involved nearly 4 , 000 teenagers inEngland, Ireland, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. They were questioned about their use ofcannabis, amphetamines, ecstasy, LSD4, tranquilizers5 and alcohol.The teenagers also filled in questionnaires about their relationship with their parents andgrandparents, how well they were supervised after school and whether they were allowed tomeet friends at home."Both the quality of family relationships and the structure of families appear to be significantinfluences on youth drug use. A strong maternal bond offers the greatest protection againstdeveloping drug habits."McArdle said in a statement.The rate of drug abuse among teenagers living with both parents and who had a goodrelationship with their mother was 16.6 percent. If either factor was missing the drug abuserate rose to 32 percent.More than 42 percent of teenagers living in one parent families who did not have a strong bondwith their mother used drugs.Drug prevention campaigns in British schools and on television warn teenagers about thedanger of drugs and alcohol but McArdle said no one is tackling the issue of parentalresponsibility.练习题:Ⅰ. Fill in the blanks with the words a nd expressions from the passagea ccording tothe Chinese meaning in the bracket:1. A ( 十几岁的人) is a boy or girl between 13 and 19 years old.2. A ( 障碍) is something prevent you from being successful.3. A ( 问卷) is a list of questions.4. ( 重要的) means important.5. A ( 联系, 关系) is a close relationship between people .Ⅱ. Question:How many countries did the report involve in?Ⅰ. 1. teenager 2. barrier 3 . questionnaire 4 . Significant 5 . bond Ⅱ. Five : England, Ireland, Italy, Germany and the Netherlands. 母爱新用途———预防吸毒一位慈爱的母亲在预防青少年吸毒和酗酒中扮演着最重要的角色。

大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇(含答案)

大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇(含答案)

大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇(含答案)大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之一(含答案)There are three kinds of goals: short-term,medium-range and long-term goals. Short-range goals are those that usually deal with current activities,which we can apply on a daily basis.Such goals can be achieved in a week or less,or two weeks,or possible months.It should be remembered that just as a building is no stronger than its foundation ,out long-term goals cannot amount to very munch without the achievement of solid short-term goals.Upon completing our short-term goals,we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.The intermediate goals bukld on the foundation of the short-range goals.They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year,or they could even extend for several years.Any time you move a step at a time,you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step,you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow adn succeed.And as your list of completion dates grow,your motivation and desire will increase.Long-range goals may be related to our dreams of the future. They might cover five years or more. Life is not a static thing.We should never allow a long-term goal to limit us or our course of action.1.Our long-term goals mean a lot______.A.if we complete our short-range goalsB.if we cannot reach solid short-term goalsC.if we write down the datesD.if we put forward some plans2.New short-term goals are bulid upon______.A.two yearsB.long-term goalsC.current activitiesD.the goals that have been completed3.When we complete each step of our goals ,______.A.we will win final successB.we are overwhelmedC.we should build up confidence of successD.we should strong desire for setting new goals4.Once our goals are drawn up,_______.A.we should stick to them until we complete themB.we may change our goals as we have new ideas and opportunitiesC.we had better wait for the exciting news of successD.we have made great decision5.It is implied but not stated in the passage that ______.A.those who habe long-term goals will succeedB.writing down the dates may discourage youC.the goal is only a guide for us to reach our desinationD.every should have a goal答案:adcbc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之二(含答案)The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may betypical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above thatof 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery. National income available for spending was almost a third greater than it had been it had been in 1950. Consumers spent about 256 billion dollars; that is about 700 million dollars a day ,or about twenty-five million dollars every hour , all round the clock. Sixty-five million people held jobs and only a little more than two million wanted jobs but could not find them . Only agriculture complained that it was not sharing in the room. T o some observers this was an ominous echo of the mid-1920’s . As farmer’s shre of th eir products declined , marketing costs rose. But there were , among the observers of the national economy, a few who were not as confident as the majority . Those few seemed to fear that the boom could not last and would eventually lead to the oppsite-depression.1. What is the best title of the passage?a. The Agricula tural Trends of 1950’sb. The Unemployment Rate of 1950’sc. U.S. Economy in the 50’sd. The Federal Budget of 19522. In Line 3, the word “boom” could best be replaced by______.a. nearby explosionb. thunderous noisec. general public supportd. rapid economic growth3. It can be inferred the national from the passage that most people in the United States in 1955 viewed the national economywith an air of _________.a. confidenceb. confusionc. disappointmentd. suspicion4. Which o f the following were LEAST satisfied with the national economy in the 1950’s?a. Economistsb. Frmaersc. Politiciansd. Steelworkers5. The passage states that incom available for spending in the U.S. was greater in 1955 than in 1950 . How much was it ?a. 60%b. 50%c. 33%d. 90%答案:cdabc大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之三(含答案)Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement.One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs.College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when itcomesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks.Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work.Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist."Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here atthe University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time."1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____.a.produce a report on sexual discriminationb.call for further improvement in their working conditionsc.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discriminationd.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities2.From this passage ,we know that _____.a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texasb.women play an important part in adminitrating the Universityc.the weather on the campus is chillyd.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University3.Which of the following statements is true?a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987was smaller than that of 1985c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____.a.women were told to con centrate on teir workb.women were given information about available administrative jobsc.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversityd.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities5. The title for this passage should be _______.a.The University of Texas/doc/2a7948871.htmlburn's Reportc.Women Professorsd.Sexual Discrimination in Academia答案:ddabd大学英语四级阅读理解试题40篇之四(含答案)Today ,as in every other day of the year ,more than 3000 U.S. adlescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults. During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents, and nearly 750 will be killed by a smoking-related disease. The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweithts all other factors, whether voluntary or involuntary, as a cause of death.Since the late 1970s, when daily smoking among high schoolseniors reached 30 precent , smoking rates among youth have declined . While the decline is impressive ,several important issues must be raised.First, in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little. Second,in the。

英语四级长篇阅读练习题

英语四级长篇阅读练习题

英语四级长篇阅读练习题四级长篇阅读作为阅读理解题中的难点,需要考生又快速阅读的能力,因此加强阅读训练十分重要。

下面店铺为大家带来英语四级长篇阅读练习题,欢迎考生阅读训练。

英语四级长篇阅读练习题原文:The Art of FriendshipA) One evening a few years ago I found myself in an anxiety. Nothing was really wrong my family and I were healthy, my career was busy and successful -- I was just feeling vaguely down and in need of a friend who could raise my spirits, someone who would meet me for coffee and let merant until the clouds lifted.I dialed my best friend, who now lives across the country in California, and got her voicemail. That's when it started to dawn on me -- lonesomeness was at the root of my dreariness. My social life had dwindled to almost nothing, but somehow until that moment I'd been too busy to notice. Now it hit me hard. My old friends, buddies since college or even childhood, know everything about me; when they left, they had taken my context with them.B) Research has shown the long-range negative consequences of social isolation on one's health. But my concerns were more short-term. I needed to feel understood right then in the way that only a girlfriend can understand you. I knew it would be wrong to expect my husband to replace my friends: He couldn't, and even if he could, to whom would I then complain about my husband? So I resolved to acquire new friends -- women like me who had kids and enjoyed rolling their eyes at the worlda little bit just as I did. Since I'd be making friends with more intention than I'd ever given the process, Irealized I could be selective, that I could in effect design my own social life. The down side, of course, was that I felt pretty frightened.C) After all, it's a whole lot harder to make friends in midlife that it is when yon're younger -- a fact woman I've spoken with point out again and again. As Leslie Danzig, 41, a Chicago theater director and mother, sees it, when you're in your teens and 20s, you're more or less friends with everyone unless there's a reason not to be. Your college roommate becomes your best pal at least partly due to proximity. Now there needs to be a reason to be friends. "There are many people I'm comfort-able around, but I wouldn't go so far as to call them friends. Comfort isn't enough to sustain a real friendship," Danzig says.D) At first, finding new companions felt awkward. At 40 I couldn't run up to people the way my4-year-old daughters do in the playground and ask, "Will you be my friend? Every time you start anew relationship, you're vulnerable again," agrees Kathleen Hall, D Min, founder and CEO of the Stress Institute, in Atlanta. "You're asking, 'Would you like to come into my life?' It makes us self-conscious."E) Fortunately, my discomfort soon passed. I realized that as a mature friend seeker my vulnerability risk was actually pretty low. If someone didn't take me up on my offer, so what: I wasn't in junior high, when I might have been rejected for having the wrong clothes or hair. At my age I have amassed enough self-esteem to realize that I have plenty to offer.F) We're all so busy, in fact, that mutual interests -- say, in a project, class, or cause that we already make time for -- become the perfect catalysts for bringing us in contact with candidates for camaraderie. Michelle Mertes, 35, a teacher and mother oftwo in Wausau, Wisconsin, says anew friend she made at church came as a pleasant surprise. "In high school I chose friends based on their popular-ity and how being part of their circle might reflect on me. Now's it's our shared values and activities that count." Mertes says her pal, with whom she organized the church's youth programs, is nothing like her but their drive and organizational skills make them ideal friends.G) Happily, as awkward as making new friends can be, self-esteem issues do not factor in -- or if they do, you can easily put them into perspective. Danzig tells of the mother of a child in her son's pre-school, a tall, beautiful woman who is married to a big-deal rock musician. "I said to my husband, she's too cool for me,'" she jokes. "I get intimidated by people. But once I got to know her, she turned out to be pretty laid-back and friendly." In the end there was no chemistry between them, so they didn't become good pals. "I realized that we weren't each other's type, but it wasn't about hierarchy." What midlife friendship is about, it seems, is reflecting the person you've become (or are still becoming) back at yourself, thus reinforcing the progress you've made in your life.H) Harlene Katzman, 41, a lawyer in New York City, notes that her oldest friends knew her back when she was less sure of herself. As much as she loves them, she believes they sometimes respond to is-sues in light of who she once was. An old chum has the goods on you. With recently made friends, you can turn over a new leaf.I) A new friend, chosen right, can also help you point your boat in the direction you want to go. Hanna Dershowitz, 39, an attorney and mother in Los Angeles, found that a new acquaintance from workwas exactly what she needed in a friend.In addition to liking and respecting Julia, Dershowitz had a feeling that the fit and athletic younger woman would help her to get in shape.J) While you're busy making new friends, remember that you still need to nurture your old ones. We asked Marla Paul, author of The Friendship Crisis: Finding, Making, and Keeping Friends When You "re Not a Kid Anymore, for the best ways to maintain these important relationships. Keep in touch. Your friends should be a priority; schedule regular lunch dates or coffee catch-up sessions, no matter how busy you are. Know her business. Keep track of important events in a friend's life and show your support. Call or e-mail to let her know you're thinking of her. Speak your mind. Tell a friend (politely) if something she did really upset you. If you can't be totally honest, then you need to reexamine the relationship. Accept her flaws. No one is perfect, so work around her quirks --she's chronically late, or she's a bit negative -- to cut down on frustration and fights. Boost her ego. Heartfelt compliments make everyone feel great, so tell her how much you love her new sweater or what a great job she did on a work project.英语四级长篇阅读练习题选项:46. Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one's middle age needed some reasons.47. A well-chosen new friend can help you go in the direction that you like.48. A few years ago the author felt lonely and depressed when she phoned her best friend in another city who was much wanted then but unavailable.49. According to Kathleen Hall, one might feel sensitive in the first curse of making new friends.50. Midlife friendship can help you realize your direction of life and reinforce the progress you've made in your life.51. In Mafia Paul's book, to be a better friend, you should keep track with your fiiends, care for your friend's job, express yourself, accept her flaws and compliment your friend for her/his good dressing and job.52. For the author, a girl friend might be the right person to under "stand her and erase her negative feeling.53. According to Michelle Metes, midlife friendship is based on the shared values and activities54. As a mature friend seeker, the author finds herself with enough confidence to offer and take rejection with grace.55. With newly made friends, you can have a chance to take on a new look in your life.英语四级长篇阅读练习题答案:46.Leslie Danzig thought making friends at one’S middle age needed some reasons.LeslieDanzig认为在中年交朋友需要一些理由。

【英语四级阅读训练附答案40篇(2)】

【英语四级阅读训练附答案40篇(2)】

【英语四级阅读训练附答案40篇(2)】There are two factors which determine an individual's intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born with. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others. But no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what happens to the individual―the sort of environment in which he is reared. If an individual is handicapped envionmentally ,it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is capable.The importance of environment in determining an individual's intellingence can be demonstrated by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical, the twins had identical brains at birth, and their growth processes were the same. When the twins were three months old , their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reated by parents of low intelligence in an isolatedcommunity with poor educational pooprtunities.Mark was reared inthe home of well-to-do parents who had been to college. He was read to as a child , sent to good schools, and given every opportunity to be stimulated intellectually.This enviromental difference continued until the twins were in their late teens, when they were giben tesets to measure their intelligence. Mark's I.Q. was 125, twenty-five points higher than the average and fully forty points higher than his identical brother. Given equal opportunities , the twins , having identical brains,would have tested at roughly the same level.1.This selection can best be titled_________.a.Measuring Your Intelligenceb.Intelligence and Environmentc.The Case of Peter and Markd.How the brain Influences Intelligence2.The beststatement of the main idea of this passage is that _____.a.human brains differ considerablyb.the brain a person is born with is improtant in determining his intelligencec.environment is crucial in determining a person's intelligenced. persons having identical brains will have roughly the same intelligence3.According to the passage , the average I.Q.is _____.a.85b.100c.110d.1254.The case history of the twins appears to support the conclusion that _______.a.individual with identical brains seldom test at same levelb.an individual's intelligence is determined only by his enviromentck of opportunity blocks the growth of intelligenced.changes of enviroment produce changes in the structure of the brain5.This passage suggests that an individual 's I.Q.______.a.can be predicted at birthb.stays the same throuthout his lifec.can be increased by educationd.is determined by his childhood答案:bcbcc。

四级阅读理解练习

四级阅读理解练习

四级阅读理解练习阅读理解是英语四级考试的重要部分,可以帮助学生提高阅读理解能力,扩展词汇量,培养分析和推理能力。

本文将为您提供一些四级阅读理解练习。

希望对大家备考英语四级有所帮助。

阅读理解一:It's quite rare to see what's known as "angel hair" poking out from the edges of clouds, and rarer still to find it on the ground as a fine deposit of ice needles beside a blue sky. Ice needles form when there is enough moisture in the air, and the temperature drops below freezing point but not low enough to form solid ice crystals. This creates conditions which allow ice needles to grow.A French scientist, Gabriel Voisin, made a study of ice needles. He wrote: "there is no doubt that you can experience an ambiance (atmosphere) which has produced ice needles either by day or by night. The phenomenon is fascinating, especially when you touch the tuft, the product of the atmosphere’s fairy collaboration."Is there an equivalent phenomenon when the sun is shining and there are ice needles? Willows with "fairy hair" seem to answer the question. If you look at one, you will probably see that each branch has a patch of white hair among the brown, and the hair is powdered for several centimeters or a foot down the branch. Wedges of the white powder fall to the ground as the weight becomes too great. You might have no doubt that hoar-frost had made the hair, but it is not frost, nor any other chemical that can easily be found.问题1:What are ice needles?问题2:According to the passage, what produces the "tuft"?问题3:What name does the author give the white powder on willow branches?阅读理解二:It’s well-known that in China, most married couples live with their parents. This tradition, known as “xiaozi,” is deeply rooted in Chinese culture. The tradition of xiaozi signifies the importance of maintaining close family relationships and filial piety, or respect for and obedience to one's parents and ancestors.In Chinese culture, living with parents not only means providing financial support to them but also taking care of their daily needs. It is considered a way of expressing gratitude and a sense of responsibility towards one's parents for raising and supporting them throughout their lives.However, with the rapid development of society and changing social values, the traditional way of living with parents is gradually undergoing changes. More and more young couples are choosing to live separately from their parents after marriage, seeking independence and space. This change is particularly prominent in big cities where young people pursue careers and personal development.The decision to live separately from parents is often influenced by a desire for privacy, freedom, and individuality. Young couples want to establish their own family rules and create a space that reflects their personallifestyle and values. They also want to avoid potential conflicts and tensions that can arise from living in close quarters with their parents.Additionally, the rising cost of living and changing socioeconomic factors have made it more challenging for young couples to afford a separate living space within their means. This has also contributed to the trend of living separately from parents.It is worth mentioning that while living separately from parents has its advantages, it can also be accompanied by challenges such as increased financial burden, childcare responsibilities, and limited support from extended family members. Therefore, it is essential for young couples to carefully consider their own circumstances and make informed decisions about living arrangements after marriage.问题1:What is the traditional way of living for married couples in China called?问题2:What are the reasons for more young couples choosing to live separately from their parents?问题3:What challenges can arise from living separately from parents?。

英语四级阅读练习与答案

英语四级阅读练习与答案

...英语四级阅读练习及答案Passage One:As the horizons of science have expended, two main groups ofscientists have emerged. One is the pure scientist, the other,applied scientist.The pure or theoretical scientist does original research in order tounderstand the basic laws of the nature that govern our world.The applied scientist adapts this knowledge to practice problems.Neither is more important than the others, however, for the groupsare very much related.f Sometimes, however, the applied scientist finds the“ problems 〞the theoretical scientist to work on. Let’ s take a particular problemof the aircraft industry: heat-resistant metals. Many of the metalsand alloys that perform satisfactorily in car cannot be used in ajet-propelled (喷气推进式 ) plane, New alloys must be used, becausethe jet engine operates at a much higher temperature than anautomobile engine. The turbine wheel涡(轮 ) in a turbojet (涡轮喷气发动机 ) must withstand temperatures as high as 1,600 degreesFahrenheit, so air craft designers have to turn to the researchmetallurgist for the development of metals and alloys that would dothe job in jet-propelled planes.Diving scientists into two groups-pure and applied-is only one broad way of classifying them, however. When scientific knowledge was very limited, there was no need for men to specialize. Today, with the great body of scientific knowledge, scientists specialize in many different fields. Within each field, there is even further subdivision. And, with finer and finer subdivisions, the various sciences have become more and more interrelated until no branch is entirely independent of the others. Many new specialties-geophysics and biochemistry, for example-have resulted from combining the knowledge of two or more science.1.The applied scientistA)does original research to the basic laws of natureB)applied the result of research to practical problemsC)provides the basic knowledge for the pure scientistD)is not interested in practical problems2. The example given in the third paragraph illustrates howA)pure science operates independently of applied scienceB)the applied scientist discover the basic laws of natureC)applied science defines all the areas in which basic research is doneD)applied science suggests problems for the basic scientist3.Finer and finer subdivision in the field of science has resultedinA)the loss of the need for specialistsB)greater interdependence of each scienceC)greater dependence of each scienceD)the need for only one classification ifscientists 4. Geophysics and biochemistry are .A)examples of new specialties resulting from combing sciencesB)totally dependent sciencesC)among the oldest sciences known to manD)both B)and C)5.“ The horizons of science have expanded,〞(para 1) means thatA)scientists can see further out into spaceB)science has developedmore field of human endeavorC)the horizon changes size from year to yearD)scientists have made a machine for enlarging the horizon Passage Two:Friends play an important part in our lives, and although we may take the friendship for granted, we often don’ t clearly understand how we make friends. While we get on well with only a number ofpeople, we are usually friends with only a very few. For example,the average among students is about 6 per person. In all the cases of friendly relationship, two people like one another and enjoy being together, but beyond that, the degree of intimacy between them and the reasons for their shared interest vary enormously .As we get to know people we take into account things like ages ,race, economic condition, social position, and intelligence. Although these factors are not of prime importance, it is more difficult to get on with people when there is a marked difference in age and background.Some friendly relationships can be kept on argument and discussion, but it is usually for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs, to have attitude and interests in common—they oftentalk about“ being on the same wavelength〞. It generally takes timeto reach this point. And the more intimately involved people become, the more they rely on one another. People want to do friends favors and hate to break an promise. Equally, friendshave to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerant differences of opinion.In contrast with marriage, there are no friendship ceremonies to strengthen the association between two people. But the supporting and understanding of each other that results from shared experiences and emotions does seem to create a powerful bond,which can overcome differences in background and break downof age, class and race.6.According to the author,.A)all those who get on well with each other are friendsB)friends are closer than people who just get on well with each otherC)everyone understand clearly how to make friendsD)every students has 6 friends7.When we make friends, we consider such things as age, race and background becauseA)it is not easy to have a friendly relationship with people when there is a marked difference in age and backgroundB)the degreed of friendship between people and the reasonfor their shared interests can vary greatlyC)friends need to know all these thingsD)these are the most important factors to make friends8. In paragraph 2 ,“ being on the same wavelength. 〞 meansA)using the same frequency while talkingB)keeping the same friendly relationship as other people doC)having similar ideas, beliefs, attitudes and interestsD)having the same background9. Which of the following is not implied or directly stated in thepassage?A)Even friends may have differences of opinionsB)Friends never argue with each otherC)It generally takes time for people to become close friends.D)Someone’s habits may annoy his friends.10. To strengthen friendly relationship, peopleA)must hold friendship ceremoniesB)have to eliminate differences in backgroundC)should make friends with those who are of the same age and the same raceD)should support and understand each other throughshared experiences and emotionsPassage Three:The movement toward centralization of authority in state departments of education has in some cases created friction with communities, which regard this modern policy as usurpation(篡夺 ,夺取 )of their rights. Constitutionally, there can be no doubt that thestate has a right to prescribe(指示 )to the local districts in any degree which it will. Legislatures(立法机构 )have been given power by State Constitutions which make them the most importantpolicy-making agent for education in a state. Legislatures establish the framework(机构 )for education; they make direct appropriations for education; they create educational institutions; and they determine whether of not certain educational programs are to be authorized, expanded, decreased, or eliminated(废除 ).The Legislature usually authorizes a State education department to administer its policies. It may, however, provide for a state board of education to advise it regarding policy and to administer the educational program. The central agency may define the extent of the local district and may determine in detail what shall be done within this district. While this is the constitutional right of the state, the practical fact is that the local district conducts its schools in very large measure according to its own desires, and local officers often talk upon state supervision as indefensible interference11. About the centralization of authority in state department of education, some communities feel that .A)their rights are improvedB)their rights are ignoredC)their rights are violatedD)their rights are protected12.According to the article, which of the following rights areNOT belong to the state?A)The right to administer entrance examination.B)The right to expand or decrease educational programs.C)The right to budget school programsD)The right to created educational institutions.13. What does the Legislature usually do in administering Policies?A)It administers policies by itself.B)It authorizes a State education department administer its policies.C)It is authorized by a State education departmentto administer its policies.D)It authorizes a state board of education to administer the educational program.14. Which of the following is NOT true about actualeducational situation?A)The local district has a lot of control over its schoolsB)The central agency may extend the extent of the local districtsC)State supervision is not always welcome to local districts.D)Local officers forbid State supervision if they think it is a kind of interference15. which of the following titles can best summarize the article?A)The Legislature Administers its PoliciesB)The Centralization of Authority in State Department ofEducationC)The Role of the State in EducationD)The Rights of the Local DistrictsPassage Four:Some people believed that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together. Others say that the opposite is true: those international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourage international brotherhood. Not only was the recent incident of tragedy involving murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by mi-nor national contests.One country received its second-place medals with visible anger after the hockey(曲棍球 )dinal, There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the loser objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and their opponents’ victory was unfair. The presidentof the Federation(联合会 )said later that such behavior couldresult in the suspension of the team for at least three years.The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disorder. It was thought at first that the United States had won by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player plopped it into the basket. It was the first time the US had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. An appeal jury debated the matter for four and a half hours before announcing that the result would stand. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. Thesuggestion that athletes should compete as individuals, or innon-national teams, might be too much to hope for. But in the present organization of Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive(行为过分的 )patriotism(爱国心 ).16.The author thinks that in recent years Olympic gameshave.A)showed little international friendshipB)greatly encouraged international brotherhoodC)created goodwill between the nationsD)created only misunderstanding and hatred’ t hockey.17. What did the manager mean by saying“ This isnHockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished 〞?A)This is not a standard hockey matchB)The Federation would not exist any longer after thismatch was overC)His team would not enter the game in three yearsD)The unfair decisions ruined both hockey and the Federation.18. The basketball match showed thatA)the Russian team should not have taken advantage of thelast three seconds.B)aggressive patriotism was displayed in the incident.C)The appeal jury was too ineffective in making a decisionD)the American team should have taken the first place.ndrd19. The author gives 2 examples in the 2 and the 3 paragraphs isin order to show thatA)contests often end in disorderB)no contest is fair in Olympic GamesC)competition discourages international friendshipD)unfair decisions are common in sports20. Which statement best summarizes this passage?A)Athletes should compete as individualsB)The organization of the Olympic Games must be improved.C)Any team that has disrespectful behavior should be suspended.D)Different teams often have disputes when fighting for the first place.Passage Five:Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest sense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competition is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities, where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of people inevitably involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today’ s ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that itsextent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the tear of crime around them.As a defence against these developments, city dwellers tend to use various strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contacts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside the home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure of pleasure. There are other are other strategies, too, which are positively harmful to the individual, for example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, all these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy thecommunity ’s concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the misfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are amongst the major causes of urban crime.Inner areas of cities tend to be abandoned by the more successful and left to those who have done badly in the competitive struggleor who belong to minority groups; these people are then geographically trapped because so much economic activity has migrated to the suburbs and beyond.Present-day architecture and planning have enormously worsened the human problems of urban life. Old established neighborhoods have been ruthlessly swept away, by both public and private organizations, usually to be replaced by huge, ugly, impersonal structures, People have been forced to leave their familiar homes, usually to be rehoused in tower blocks which are drab(单调乏味的 ), inconvenient, and fail to provide any setting for human interaction or support. This destruction of established social structures is the worst possible approach to the difficulties of living in a town or city. Instead, every effort should be made to conserve the human scale of the environment, and to retain familiar landmarks.21. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because there are so many people who are.A)In need of helpB)naturally aggressiveC)likely to commit crimeD)anxious to succeed22. The author thinks that crime is increasing cities because .A)criminals are difficult to trace in large populationsB)people do not communicate with their neighborsC)people feel anonymous thereD)the trappings of success are attractive to criminals23.According to the article, what is the worst problem facing people living in cities?A)Crime.B)Finding somewhere to live.C)Social isolation.D)Drugs and alcoholism.24.The majority of people who live in inner cities do so because they.A)have been forced by circumstances to do soB)have turned against societyC)dislike having to travel far to workD)don ’t like the idea of living in the suburbs25. Architectural changes have affected city life by.A)forcing people to live on top of each otherB)making people move to the suburbsC)giving the individual a say in planningD)dispersing long-established communitiesPassage Six:People do not travel for pleasure on the roads and trains leadinginto cities on weekday mornings; they are commuting. Commuters represent the exact opposite of Robert Louis Stevenson’s view of traveling that“ For my part, I travel not to go anywhere, but to go. I travel for travel ’ s sake. 〞 Commuters travel because they have to; the destination is the only thing that matters.Commuting is modern. Up until the 1950’ s most workersdin livethe shadow of their workplace and within earshot of its whistle or hooter; people walked or cycled to work, even going home for their lunch. As cities grow and as the pressure on city center property increases, so ever more people have had to move further awayfrom their place of work. The suburbs grow and this results in the awful rush hours, many of which tail back to the suburbs themselves, To ease the commuter congestion city governmentsbuild new roads, especially ring roads, but these generate more traffic, adding to the traffic jams and bad health. San Francisco introduced BART (the Bay Area Rapid Transit) to take the pressureoff its roads, but after an initial positive response the scheme was overtaken by the sheer magnitude of commuter growth.Trains and subway systems are little better. In Tokyo“ pushers〞employed to squeeze commuters into carriages, in London and New York the underground systems are near capacity and unpleasant toride. In Paris petty crime on the Metro (地铁 ) is widespread. InSoweto the trains are so crowded that commuters hang on theoutside of the “ back only 〞 trains. The associated health hazards are rivaled by those caused by traffic accidents and the stress-related diseases created by the tension in all forms of commuting.The bigger the city, the larger the daily commuting public and thelonger the distances traveled. Many commuters see neither theirhouse nor their children in daylight for almost six months of theyear. In a large city like London the average daily time spentcommuting to and from work is almost two hours. As a workingday is eight hours or less, this means that the average commuterreally “ works〞 in excess of a six day week. Cities which try toalleviate the lot of the commuter are those which are most worthliving in, but it is a hard and uphill task to do anything constructive.〞 metro stations surround Washington, but Special“ Kiss and Rideare as little used as the -On〞“busRides. People appear toprefer the traffic jams on the Beltway.of Although most people dislike the unpleasant“dead time〞commuting, some people turn it to their advantage. J. M. Keyneswrote his General Theory en route from London to Cambridge, andthere are classes in French, business studies, bridge and chess(among other topics) on commuter trains into the London main-linestations. Other people, especially those who can afford the comfortof first-class tickets, catch up on their reading, do the preparationfor the day ’ s work, use their computers or the train telephones, or listen to music Others take the view that commuting should make you fit. They walk, run, cycle, row, sail, skate and skate-board into work.26.San Francisco ’ s Bay Area Rapid Transit scheme .A)took a long time to become successfulB)was eagerly awaitedC)could not cope with the numbers of passengersD)has been a big success27.As a solution to the rise in the number of commuters, trains and subways are.A)more effective than new roadsB)not as effective as new roadsC)rather more effective than new roadsD)scarcely any more effective than new roabs28. It is more pleasant to live in cities which.A)are small enough for people not to need to commuteB)encourage commutingC)have efficient public transport systemsD) improve conditions for commuters29. Washington’ s metro trains are.A)less popular than its busesB)more popular than its busesC)as popular as its busesD)as unpopular as its buses30. The majority of travelers.A)don ’t enjoy wasting their time commutingB)make the most of the time they spend commutingC)keep fit while commutingD)exercise their minds while commutingPassage Seven:One phase of the business cycle is the expansion phase. This phase is two-fold one, including recovery and prosperity. During the recovery period there is ever-growing expansion of existing facilities, and new facilities for production are created. More businesses are created and older ones expanded. Improvements of various kinds are made. There is an ever increasing optimism about the future of economic growth.Much capital is invested in machinery or "heavy" industry. More labor is employed. More raw materials are required. As one part of the economyDevelops, other parts are affected. For example, a great expansion in automobiles results in an expansion of the steel, glass and rubber industries. Roads are required, thus the cement and machinery industries are stimulatedDemand for labor and materials results in greater prosperity for workers and supplest of raw materials, including the various segments of the population. This prosperity period may continue to rise and rise without an apparent end. However, a time comes when this phase reaches a peak and stops spiraling upwards. This is the end of the expansion phase.31.We may assume that in the next paragraph the authorwill discuss____.A. cyclical industriesB.union demandsC. the higher cost of livingD.economic declineperiod32.The title below that best expresses the idea of this passage is_____A The Recovery Stage B. Attain prosperityC.an Expanding societyD. the Period of GoodTimes33. Prosperity in one industry_____A. reflects itself in many other industriesB. will spiralupwardsC. will end abruptlyD. will help all segments of societyexcept the farm34 Which of the fooling industries will probably be a good indicator of the period of expansion?A. Foodstuffs.B.Machine toolsC.Cosmetics DFarming35. During the period of prosperity, people regard the future _____.A. cautiouslyB. in a confident mannerC.indffferently D in ahappy moodPassage Eight:On average, American kids ages 3 to 12 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more such organized activities as soccer and ballet芭(蕾舞 ). Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average offour a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however,children ’ s leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to25%.“ Children are affected by the same time crunch危(机 ) that affectstheir parents,〞says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent studyof children ’ s timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that moremothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children inboth double-income and “male breadwinner 〞 households spentcomparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids.“ Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world andlearns about himself,〞says T. Berry Brazelton, professor atHarvard Medical school. Unstructured play encouragesindependent thinking and allows the young to negotiate theirrelationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing“ free time 〞 watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one’re of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyspending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids aren’ treplacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Let face it, who’s got the time?36. By mentioning“ the same time crunch〞(Line 1, Para.2) Sandra Hofferth means.A)children have little time to play with their parentsB)both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeC)both parents and children have trouble managing their timeD)children are not taken good care of by their working parents37.According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the timecrunch is.A) partially trueB) quite convincingC) rather confusingD) totally groundless38. According to the author a child develops better if.A)he has plenty of time reading and studyingB)he is free to interact with his working parentsC)he is left to play with his peers in his own wayD)he has more time participating in school activities39.The author is concerned about the fact that Americankids.A)are involved less and less in household workB)are spending more and more time watching TVC)are engaged in more and more structured activitiesD)are increasingly neglected by their working mothers40. We can infer from the passage that.A)most parents believe reading to be beneficial to childrenB)efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulC)most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offD) extracurricular activities promote children’s intelligenceKey:1-5. BDBAB21-25 DACAD6-10 BACBD26-30 CDDDA11-15. CABDC31-35 DDABB16-20 ADBCB36-40BACCA。

英语四级长篇阅读模拟练习及参考答案

英语四级长篇阅读模拟练习及参考答案

英语四级长篇阅读模拟练习及参考答案四级长篇阅读模拟练习:A Grassroots RemedyA) Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they dont run the streets. Every one of the minstinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound beliefthat not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.B) But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived ( 丧失) , I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Stratham Common, south London. These days, children are robbed of these an cientfreedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the openspaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.C) The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the U.S. families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD -- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ( 多动症) .Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%.D) A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarten children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability thanchildren used only to a normal playground. A U.S. study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.E) Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physicalabilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity.F) Most bullying (持枪凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac (柏油碎石) play ground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds mean pleasantly of Sunny hill School in Stratham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about incomers fantasizing about wildlife. The children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.G) One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHDchildren. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.H) The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.I) In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundingsim prove all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behavior are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr. William Bird, researcher from the Royal Societyfor the Protection of birds, states in his study, A natural environment can reduce violent behavior because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behavior. Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.J) We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favor that human beings are granting to thenatural world. The error here is far too deep: notonly do humans need nature for themselves, but thevery idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物) . For sevenmillion years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural worldand long for contact with nonhuman life. Anyone whohas patted a dog, stoked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowersor chosen to walk through the park on a nice day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us weare less than human.K) Five Ways to Find Harmony with the NaturalWorld Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently beingunder a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuitof the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and fromschool, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to bestill in an open space. In the garden, anywhere thats not in the office, anywhere out of the house, awayfrom the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water,feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by oneself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering:talk with the sun and the wind with bird-song for background.Learn: Expand your boundaries. Leam five speciesof bird, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life.Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take aweek-end break, a day-trip, get out these and do it:for the scenery, for the way through the woods, forthe birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.46. The study in Sweden shows that more access to nature makes children less likely to fall ill.47. The authors profound belief is that people instinctively seek nature in different ways.48. It can be very helpful to provide more green spaces for children with ADHD.49. Elderly people will enjoy a life of better quality when they contact more with nature.50. Nowadays, people think things that can be bought are best for children, rather than things that can be found.51. Dr. William Bird suggests in his study that access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence.52. According to a study in the U. S. Children with ADHD whose accommodation had more natural views showed much better improvement.53. Children who have chances to explore natural areas are less likely to be involved in bullying.54. We can find harmony with the natural world in various ways, among which there are walking, sitting, drinking, learning and traveling.55. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be separated.参考答案:D)瑞典的一项研究显示,在自然环境中玩要的幼儿园小朋友比在只习惯在正规运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病,身依也更健康。

英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案

英语四级长篇阅读练习题及答案

How Your Language Affect Your Wealth and HealthA. Doe the language we peak determine how healthy and rich we will be New reearch by Keith Chen of Yale Buine School ugget o. The tructure of language affect our judgment and deciion about the future and thi might have dramatic long-term conequence.Some people are better at delaying gratification ( 满足 ) than other. Thoe people have a better chance of accumulating wealth and keeping a healthy life tyle. They are le likely to be impule buyer or moker, or to engage in unafe e某.D. Chen recent finding ugget that an unlikely factor, language, trongly affect our future-oriented behavior. Some language trongly ditinguih the preent and the future. Other language only weakly ditinguih the preent and the future. Chen recent reearch ugget that people who peak language that weakly ditinguih the preent and the future are better prepared for the future. They accumulate more wealth and they are better able to maintain their health. The way thee people conceptualize the future i imilar to the way they conceptualize the preent. A a reult, the future doe not feel very ditant and it i eaier for them to act in accordance with their future interetS.He alo analyzed individual-level data on people retirement aet, moking and e某erciing habit, and general health in older age. Latly, he analyzed national-level data that inchide national aving rate, country GDP and GDP growth rate, country demographic, and proportion of people peaking different language.H. Similar analye howed that peaking a language that doe not have obligatory future marker, uch a Mandarin, make people accumulate more retirement aet, moke le, e某ercie more, and generally be healthier in older age. Countrie national aving rate are alo affected by language. Having a larger proportion of people peaking language that doe not have obligatory future marker make national aving rate higher.47. The tructure of language influence u when we are making a judgment or deciion about the future.48. Speaking a language that ha obligatory future marker and being unemployed nearly hare the ame percentage of decreaing the likelihood of aving.49. According to the well-known marhmallow tudie, people who can reit temptation tend to be ucceful in the future.50. People who peak language like Englih are more likely to feel that the future event are ditant.51. National aving rate of countrie are influenced by language a well.52. In Chen recent reearch, people who peak language in which the preent and the future are weakly ditinguihed are more prepared for the future.53. Recent finding how that it i poible to improve future-oriented behavior through making the future feel cloer to the preent.54. Through imple intervention, Ellen Langer and colleague made the phyical health of the older people changed for the better.55. Chen made an analyi of individual-level tatitic from 76 developed and developing nation【参考译文】语言如何影响你的财富与健康A.我们所说的语言是否会决定我们未来的健康和财富耶鲁商学院Keith Chen所做的一项新研究表明事实正是如此。

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1. When I was growing up, the whole world was Jewish. The heroes were Jewish and the villains were Jewish. The landlord, the doctor, the grocer, your best friend, the village idiot, and the neighborhood bully: all Jewish. We were working class and immigrants as well, but that just come with the territory. Essentially we were Jews on the streets of New York. We learned to be kind, cruel, and smart and feeling in a mixture of language and gesture that was part street slang, part grade-school English, part kitchen Yiddish.One Sunday evening when I was eight years old my parents and I were riding in the back seat of my rich uncle's car. We had been out for a ride and now we were back in the Bronx, headed for home. Suddenly, another car sideswiped us. My mother and aunt shrieked. My uncle swore softly. My father, in whose lap I was sitting, said out the window at the speeding car, “That's all right. Nothing but a few Jews in here.” In an instant I knew everything. I knew there was a world beyond our streets, and in that world my father was a humiliated man, without power or standing.When I was sixteen a girl in the next building had her nose straightened; we all went together to see Selma Shapiro lying in state, wrapped in bandages from which would emerge a person fit for life beyond the block. Three buildings away a boy went downtown for a job, and on his application he wrote “Anold Brown”instead of “Anold Braunowiitz.”The news swept through the neighborhood like a wild fire. A name change? What was happening here? It was awful; it was wonderful. It was frightening; it was delicious. Whatever it was, it wasn't standstill.Thing felt lively and active. Self-confidence was on the rise, passivity on the wane. We were going to experience challenges. That's what it meant to be in the new world. For the first time we could imagine ourselves out there.But whom exactly do I mean when I say we? I mean Arinie, not Selma. I mean my brother, not me. I mean the boys, not the girls. My mother stood behind me, pushing me forward. “The girls goes to college, too,” she said. And I did. But my going to college would not mean the same thing as my brother's going to college, and we all knew it. For my brother, college meant going from the Bronx to Manhattan. But for me? From the time I was fourteen I yearned to get out of the Bronx, but get out into what? I did not actually imagine myself a working person alone in Manhattan and nobody else did either. What I did imagine was that I would marry, and that the man I married would get me downtown. He would break the perils of class and race, and some how I'd be there alongside him.1.In the passage, we can find the author was____.A) quite satisfied with her lifeB) a poor Jewish girlC) born in a middle-class familyD) a resident in a rich area in New York2.Why did the author's father say “Nothing but a few Jews in here”?A) He was asking for help.B) He was complaining.C) He was reassuring.D) He wanted to know why their car was sideswiped.3.Selma Shapiro had her nose straightened because she wanted ____.A) to look her bestB) to find a new job in the neighborhoodC) to live a new life in other placesD) to marry very soon4.Anold Brown changed his name because ____.A) there was racial discrimination in employmentB) Brown was just the same as BraunowiitzC) it was easy to writeD) Brown sounds better5.From the passage we can infer that ____.A) the Jews were satisfied with their life in the BronxB) the Jewish immigrants could not be richC) all the immigrants were very poorD) the young Jews didn't accept the stern reality2.Unlike any earlier building complex anywhere in the world, Rockefeller in New York City was built, not as a place where people could live, but as a city in which they could work. It was the biggest building project of its kind, a city within a city, and of the forerunner of projects that have sprung up all over the world. 30 architects, 120 draftsmen, and hundreds of other artists and technicians were employed just to draft the plans. Before the buildings could be erected,229 old buildings had to be emptied of 4,000 tenants and razed. Just to buy up the leases took over two years and cost over $6,000,000. The unusual shape and setbacks of the 70-story RCA building resulted primarily from practical considerations such as lighting, the movement of people and the building’s services. The lower concourse and basement level were set aside for shops. A sunken plaza, complete with gardens and fountains, was designed to provide access to these shops. Today the plaza, which is used for ice-skating in winter and dining and dancing in summer , is one of the centre's most popular attractions.1.Which of the following statement is the main idea of the passage?A) The pleasant work environment.B) The purpose of the RCA building setbacks.C) The recreational facilities at Rockefeller.D) The architectural significance of Rockefeller centre.2.From the passage we know, Rockefeller centre was originally planed to serve as what kind of complex?A) Commercial.B) Recreational.C) Housing.D) Tourist.3.Which of the following is true about Rockefeller centre?A) It was patterned after an ancient design.B) It has been imitated numerous times.C) All shopkeepers were required to take two-year leases.D) 4,000 tenants are located in the complex.4.According to the passage, what does the shape of the RCA building reflect ?A) Architectural creativity.B) City regulation.C) Practical considerations.D) Decreased space needs.5.The sunken plaza at Rockefeller centre was originally designed as ____.A) an entrance of shopsB) an ice-skating rinkC) a restaurantD) a tourist attraction3. In one very long sentence,the introduction to the U.N. Charter expresses the ideals and the common aims of all the peoples whose governments joined together to form the U.N."We the peoples of the U.N. determined to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice in our life time has brought untold suffering to man kind, and to reaffirm faith in fundamental rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, and to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arisingfrom treaties and other sources of international law can be mentioned, and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, and for these ends, to practise tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbors, and to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common interest, and to employ international machinery for the promotion of economic and social advancement of all people, have resolved to combine our efforts to accomplish these aims".The name "United Nations" is accredited to U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and the first group of representatives of member states met and signed a declaration of common intent on New Year's Day in 1942. Representatives of five powers worked together to draw up proposals, completed at Dumbarton Oaks in 1944.These proposals, modified after deliberation at the conference of International Organization in San Francisco which began in April 1945, were finally agreed on and signed as the U. N. Charter by 50 countries on 26 June 1945. Poland, not represented at the conference, signed the Charter later and was added to the list of original members. It was not until that autumn, however, after the Charter had been ratified by China, France, the U. S. S. R., the U. K. and the U. S. and by a majority of the other participants that U. N. officially came into existence.The date was 24 October, now universally celebrated as United Nations' Day.The essential functions of the U. N. are to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate internationally in solving international economic, social, cultural and human problems, promoting respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and to be a centre for co-ordinating the actions of nations in attaining these commonends.No country takes precedence over another in the U. N.. Each member's rights and obligations are the same. All must contribute to peaceful settlement of international disputes, and members have pledged to refrain from the threat or use of force against other states. Though the U. N. has no right to intervene in any state's internal affairs, it tries to ensure that non-member states act accordingto its principles of international peace and security. U. N. member must offer very assistance in an approved U. N. action and in no way assist states against which the U. N. is taking preventive or enforcement action.1.The first stated aim of the U. N. was ______ .A) to supervise peace and treatiesB) to revise international lawsC) to prevent a third world warD) to assist the “third world” countries2.Under its charter, the U.N. guarantees ______ .A) never to use armsB) to employ international machinesC) to better standards of lifeD) to promote economic and social advancement3.The U. N. came into existence fully in ______ .A) 1942 B) 1944C) 1940 D) 19454.The essential functions of the U. N. ______ .A) are limited to discussions and debatesB) include co-ordinating actions where necessaryC) are only concerned with human rightsD) are economic and culture5.A country's domestic policies ______ .A) cannot be forcibly changed by the U. N.B) are often investigated by the U. N.C) are often enforced by the U. N.D) are not allowed to benefit from U. N. advice or assistance4. The traditional American Thanksgiving Day celebration went back to 1621. In that year a special feast was prepared in Plymouth, Massachusetts. The colonists who had settled there had left England because they felt denied of religious freedom. They came to the new land and faced difficulties in coming across the ocean.The ship which carried them was called the Mayflower. The North Atlantic was difficult to travel. There were bad storms. They were assisted in learning to live in the new land by the Indians who inhabitedthe region. The Puritans, as they were called, had much to be thankful for. Their religious practices were no longer a source of criticism by the government. They learned to adjust their farming habits to the climate and soil. When they selected the fourth Thursday of November for their Thanksgiving celebration, they invited their neighbors, the Indians, to join them in dinner and a prayer of gratitude for the new life. They recalled the group of 102 men, women, and children who left England. They remembered their dead who did not live to see the shores of Massachusett s.They reflected on the 65 days’ journey, which tested their strength.1.The tradition of a day of Thanksgiving is ______.A)100 years oldB)200 years oldC)300 years oldD)400 years old2.Why had they left England?A)Because of religious problems.B)To establish a new religion. C)To learn farming.D)Because of the Indians.3.The Mayflower was ______ .A)the city they left fromB)the city they arrived atC)the ship they travelled in D)the name of Indian chief4.The Indians had ______.A)made life difficult for themB)helped them to adjustC)taken their landD)been too afraid to talk to them4.The climate and soil in Massachusetts are ______.A)similar to that of EnglandB)different from that of EnglandC)similar to that of PlymouthD)different from that of Plymouth5. Exceptional children are different in some significant ways from others of the same age,for the same age,for these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development. And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society's understanding the knowledge, hopes, and fearsthat are passed on to the next generation.Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths, the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great interest in exceptional children shown in pubic education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities."All men are created equal." We've heard it many times, but it still has important meaning for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country's founders to denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That concept implies educational opportunity for all children——the right of each child to receive help in learning to the limits of his or her capacity ,whether that capacity be small or great. Recent court decisions have confirmed the right of all children-desabled or not -to an appropriate education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.1.In paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that ______.A) the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the societyB) exception children are more influenced by their families than normal children areC) exceptional children are the key interest of the family and societyD) the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children2.The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that ______ .A) they are expected to be leaders of the societyB) they might become a burden of the societyC) they should fully develop their potentialsD) disabled children deserve special consideration3.This passage mainly deals with ______ .A) the differences of children in their learning capabilitiesB) the definition of exceptional children in modern societyC) the special educational programs for exceptional childrenD) the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children4.From its passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptiona l children ______ .A) is now enjoying legal supportB) disagrees with the tradition of the countryC) was clearly stated by the country's foundersD) will exert great influence over court decisions5.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) Exceptional children refer to those with mental or physical problems.B) The author use “All men are created equal” to counter the school program for the exceptional children .C) Recent court decisions confirm the rights of the exceptional children to enjoy the equal rights to learn with the normal ones.D) Regular school programs fail to meet the requirements to develop the potential of exceptional children .6. More attention was paid to the quality of production in France at the time of Rene Coty. Charles Deschanel was then the financial minister. He stressed that workmanship and quality were more important than quantity for industrial production. It would be necessary to produce quality goods for the international market to complete with those produced in other countries. The French economy needed a larger share of the international market to balance its import and export trade.French industrial and agricultural production was still inadequate to meet the immediate needs of the people, let alone long-ranged developments. Essential imports had stretched the national credit to the breaking point. Rents were tightly controlled, but the extreme inflation affected general population most severely though the cost of food. Food costs took as much as 80 per cent of workers income. Wages, it is true, had risen and there was full-time and overtime employment.Taken together these factors enabled the working class to exist but allowed them no sense of security. In this precarious and discouraging situation, workmen were willing to work overseas for higher wages.The government was reluctant to let workers leave the country. It was feared this migration of workers would deplete the labor force. The lack of qualified workers might hinder the improvement in the quality of industrial products produced.Qualified workers produced in foreign countries. Also the quantity of quality goods produced in France would not be able to increase as part of its qualified labor force moved to other countries.1.According to the passage,which of the following is right?A) The French workers were better paid than the workers in any other European country.B) The French workers were able to save more money with the increase in his wages.C) The French workers were anxious to work abroad.D) The French workers were often unable to find work in France.2.Which was not true in France?A) Food cost were low.B) Wages had increased.C) The state paid family allowances.D) There was overtime employment.3.According to the passage,which of the following is charles Deschanel’s opinion?A) He paid more attention to quality than to quantity.B) The passage doesn’t mention it.C) His opinion is totally different from others.D) He was not right.4.According to the passage, French production ______ .A) was inadequate to meet the needs of the French peopleB) was flooding the international market with inferior productsC) emphasized industrial production at the expense of agricultural productionD) was enough for the local market5.Which of the following is right?A) The French government prohibited French to work abroad.B) The French government reduced taxes to fight inflation.C) The French government paid family allowances and benefits.D) The French government prohibited the French worker to join labor unions.7.字数:359 建议做题时间:8分钟Traffic congestion and cities,it seems,go hand in hand.Everyone complains about being stuck in traffic; but,like the weather,no one seems to do anything about it. ①In particular,traffic engineers,transportation planners,and public officials responsible for metropolitan transportation systems are frequently criticized for failing to make a dent in congestion.But is traffic congestion a sign of failure? Long queues at restaurants or theater box offices are seen as signs of success.Should transportation systems be viewed any differently? I think we should recognize that traffic congestion is an inevitable by-product of vibrant (充满活力的),successfulcities,and view the “congestion problem” in a different light.Cities exist because they promote social interactions and economic transactions.Traffic congestion occurs where lots of people pursue these ends simultaneously in limited spaces.Culturally and economically vibrant cities have the worst congestion problems,while decaying cities don’t have much traffic.By some estimates,New York and Los Angeles are America’s most congested cities.But if you want access to major brokerage houses,you will find them easier to reach in congested New York than in any other metropolitan area.And if your firm needs access to post-production film editors or satellite-guidance engineers,you will reach them more quickly via the crowded freeways of LA than via less crowded roads elsewhere. Despite congestion,a larger number and wider variety of social interactions and economic transactions can be consummated in large,crowded cities than elsewhere.Seen in this light,congestion is an unfortunate consequence of prosperity and a drag on otherwise high levels of accessibility,not a cause of economic decline and urban decay.So while we can view congestion as imposing costs on metropolitan areas,the costs of inaccessibility in uncongested places are almost certainly greater.②The terrible economic and environmental tolls that congestion brings in places like Bangkok,Jakarta,and Lagos are undeniable.But mobility is far higher and congestion levels are far lower here in the US,even in our most crowded cities.That’s why,for now,we don’t see people and capital streaming out of San Francisco and Chicago,heading for cities like California,and Illinois.1. We can conclude from the first paragraph that.A) traffic congestion and weather are the two factors hindering the development of the big cityB) traffic congestion seems to be very difficult to deal withC) if the traffic engineers try their best, traffic congestion can be solvedD) public officials are always criticized for misusing their power2. According to the second paragraph, what’s the author’s view towards traffic congestion?A) Traffic congestion is both a sign of failure and a sign of success.B) In cities,traffic congestion is inevitable.C) Traffic congestion is a consequence of successful cities.D) For a vibrant city,traffic congestion is not unavoidable.3. By saying “decaying”(Line 4, Para. 3),the writer probably means.A) declining B) robustC) prosperous D) developing4. According to this passage,which statement about “New York”and “Los Angeles” is TRUE?A) New York and Los Angeles are the most vibrant cities in the USA.B) It is easier to reach major brokerage houses in the two cities than in other cities.C) Despite the traffic congestion in LA, you will find a satellite-guidanceengineer more quickly there.D) The traffic congestion in the two cities has been worsened.5. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A) Congestion has caused terrible bad effects in cities such as Bangkok and Lagos.B) The congestion level in Jakarta is lower than that in the US.C) The congestion in San Francisco has resulted in the capital draining away.D) California is as crowed and vibrant as San Francisco.8.字数:386 建议做题时间:10分钟Farmers often feel they need a lot of sunshine to produce a good crop.But lots of vegetables grow well without much sun.The Rodale Institute in Pennsylvania published a report about this subject some years ago in its magazine Organic Gardening.The report said many different kinds of foods,from blueberries to beans,can be grown in the shade. Some vegetables do need a lot of sun.①A vegetable crop expert at the University of Maine advised putting these vegetables where they can get from eight to ten hours of sunlight a day.Tomatoes,melons,squash and peppers are among those that need the most sun.Plants that produce root crops,such as carrots and beets (甜菜),need from six to eight hours of sunlight every day.But leafy vegetables,such as lettuce (莴苣) and spinach,need only six hours of sunlight a day.Nut trees such as filbert (榛子)and yellow horn produce well with only sun in the morning.Some fruits also do well without a lot of sunlight.In the United States,blueberries,raspberries (树莓),and several kinds of pears need only a little sun each day.In Asia,the hardy kiwi grows well in the shade.Many herbs (香草) grow well without much sun.Mint (薄荷) plants,for example,grow well in the shade.So do sage,dill,oregano,borage,chamomile and several kinds of thyme.The Rodale Institute says a garden should be planned carefully especially if you grow different kinds of foods.For example,rows of vegetables should be planted in an east-west direction.That way,as the sun passes overhead,all the plants will receive an equal amount of light.This is especially important when the plants grow to different heights.The owner of a garden seed company warned against removing shade trees.He cut down all his shade trees to provide more sun for his crops.②But then he had to protect his summer lettuce from the heat of the sun by hanging a piece of cloth to provide shade.Instead of cutting trees,he suggested putting plants that need a lot of sunlight,such as tomatoes,in containers.That way they can be moved as the sun moves.1. What is Organic Gardening mainly about?A) Something related to human organs.B) how to grow plants organically.C) how to play organ.D) how to arrange the garden in an organic way.2. How may hours of sunlight does potato probably need one day?A) Ten hours. B) Nine hours.C) Seven hours. D) Five hours.3. Which of the following plants may not need sunlight at all?A) Walnut. B) Water melon.C) Raspberry. D) Borage.4. Why should the vegetables be planted in an east-west direction?A) All the plants in the garden can obtain the same amount of sunlight.B) The plants which do not need much sunlight can be shaded.C) It is good for different vegetables to get the same nutrition.D) It is easy for you to arrange the garden in this way.5. According to the passage,which of the following statements is TRUE?A) To provide more sun for the plants,trees in the garden should be removed.B) To get more sunlight,melons may be planted in movable containers.C) The owner of a seed company planted tomatoes in containers.D) Being planted in containers,plants can get enough sunlight.9.Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, fromwarm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and , argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life, maintain those rewards often destroy creativity byencouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology.“If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.”A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades.In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologistclaims.1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward ____.A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewardsB) the appropriate amount of external rewardsC) the study of relationship between actions andD) the effects of external rewards on students' performance2. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students?A) They approve of external rewards.B) They don't think external rewards.C) They have doubts about external rewards.D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students.3. According to the result of the study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity?A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them.B) Always promise rewards.C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging.D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made.4.It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe ____.A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students’B) punishment is more effective than rewardingC) failing uninspired students helps improve their overall academic standardsD) discouraging the students anticipation for easy rewards is matter of urgency5.Which of the following facts about “token economics” is not correct?A) Students are assigned challenging tasks.B) Rewards are given for good performances.C) Students are evaluated according to the effort they put into the task.D) With token economics, students’ creativity can be enhanced.10. Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor."We are slaves to nothing but the clock,”it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost tangible. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it,kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious commodity. Many people have a rather acute shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person’s hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.A foreigner’s first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is。

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