初中英语被动语态讲解与练习
初中英语被动语态讲解及练习
初中英语被动语态讲解及练习一、什么是被动语态?被动语态是英语中的一种动词形式,用于表示句子的主语是动作的承受者而不是执行者。
在被动语态中,主语通常是动作的接受者,而动作的执行者则成为谓语动词的宾语。
二、被动语态的结构被动语态由助动词be(am, is, are, was, were)+及物动词的过去分词构成。
例如:原句:The boy kicked the ball.被动句:The ball was kicked by the boy.原句:They are eating the cake.被动句:The cake is being eaten by them.三、被动语态的用法1. 当我们不知道或不关心动作的执行者是谁时,常常使用被动语态。
例如:The book was written in 2005.(这本书是2005年写的。
)The window has been broken.(窗户已经被打破了。
)2. 当动作的执行者已经知道或不需要强调时,可以使用被动语态。
例如:English is spoken all over the world.(英语在世界各地都被使用。
)The car was repaired by the mechanic.(这辆车是由机修工修理的。
)3. 当我们想要强调动作的接受者时,可以使用被动语态。
例如:The cake was eaten by Tom.(这块蛋糕是汤姆吃掉的。
)The book was read by all the students.(这本书被所有学生读过。
)四、被动语态的时态和语态转换1. 一般现在时的被动语态被动语态的一般现在时由am/is/are + 过去分词构成。
例如:原句:They build a house.(他们造了一座房子。
)被动句:A house is built by them.(一座房子被他们造了。
)2. 一般过去时的被动语态被动语态的一般过去时由was/were + 过去分词构成。
初中英语被动语态讲解及练习
初中英语被动语态讲解及练习英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
当我们不知道动作的执行者或只需强调动作的承受者时,要使用被动语态。
被动语态的结构为“be +过去分词(PP) + (by…)”。
在改写时,需要把原来的宾语提到前面作为被动语态的主语,把动词变成“be +过去分词”,并将主动语态中的主语变为介词“by”的宾语。
在时态方面,英语中有一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时和过去完成时等时态。
需要根据具体情况选择正确的时态,进行语法和语义上的正确表达。
例如,原句“Some people attacked the towers.”可以改写为“ ___.”,把宾语“towers”提到前面作为被动语态的主语,并把动词“attacked”变成“were attacked”。
又如,“A car ___.”可以改写为“He was ___.”,把主语“a car”变成介词“by”的宾语,同时把动词“knocked”变成“was knocked”。
1.This kind of cloth is ___.2.When the infinitive is used as an adverb after certain adjectives and has a direct object。
it takes the active form to express passive meaning.Examples:The fish is not fit to eat.We find English hard to learn.The article is difficult to understand.3.When the infinitive is used as a postpositive attributive。
it takes the active form to express passive meaning.Examples:I have a lot of homework to do.I'll give him some books to read.4.When a ___ a state or n。
完整版)初中被动语态讲解及练习
完整版)初中被动语态讲解及练习Passive VoicePassive voice is a form of verb that shows XXX een the subject and the predicate。
There are two types of voice: active voice and passive voice。
If the subject is the doer of the n。
or the n is performed by the subject。
we use active voice。
If the subjectis the receiver of the n。
or the n is XXX else other than the subject。
we use passive voice.To change an active XXX a passive sentence。
follow these steps:1.Change the object of the active sentence into the subject of the passive sentence.e the auxiliary verb "be" + past participle form of the main verb。
and make sure that the auxiliary verb agrees with the subject in person and number。
Keep the tense of the main verb.3.If necessary。
add the agent (the doer of the n) after "by" in the object form。
If not necessary。
you can omit it.4.Keep the other elements (adjectives。
(全面版)初中被动语态解析与练习
全面版)初中被动语态解析与练习一、被动语态的概念被动语态是英语中的一种动词形式,用于表示主语是动作的承受者而非执行者的句子。
其结构为:be动词] + [及物动词的过去分词]如:am/is/are/was/were/been + 过去分词)被动语态可以强调动作的接受者,不关注动作的执行者。
在写作中,使用被动语态可以增加句子的变化和丰富性。
二、被动语态的用法1.表示动作的接受者被动语态常用于强调主语是动作的接受者。
例如。
主动语态:___.被动语态:I was ___.2.隐藏动作的执行者当执行者无关紧要或不需要强调时,被动语态可以隐藏动作的执行者。
例如:主动语态:___.被动语态:A ___ was built last month.3.客观事实陈述被动语态常用于客观陈述事实,不强调执行者或承受者。
例如:主动语态:People speak English all over the world.被动语态:English is spoken all over the world.三、被动语态的变化规则和注意事项被动语态的变化规则如下:一般现在时:am/is/are + 过去分词一般过去时:was/were + 过去分词一般将来时:will be + 过去分词现在进行时:am/is/are being + 过去分词需要注意的是:当主动句中有宾格时,被动句需要使用介词"by"来表示动作的执行者。
例如:The book ___.一些特殊动词以及某些及物动词不适用被动语态,需要注意区分。
四、被动语态的练习请将下列句子转换为被动语态:1.They have built a new bridge in the city.2.She will write a letter to her ___.3.___.4.We can solve this problem easily.5.___.参考答案:1.A new bridge has been built in the city.2.___ will be written to her mother by her.3.___ to the students by the ___.4.This problem can be solved easily.5.I ___.以上是被动语态的解析和练习内容,希望能帮助你更好地理解和运用被动语态。
初中英语被动语态精讲及练习
动词语态They speak English.他们讲英语。
主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者,是主动句,动词用主动语态来表示;English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。
主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者,是被动句,动词用被动语态的形式。
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。
〔主动语态〕The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
〔被动语态〕一、被动语态的构成1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。
助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。
二、主动语态变被动语态1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤:〔1〕将主动句的宾语变为主语:注意:如果主动句的宾语是代词,需将其由宾格变为主格。
如:Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom.主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语,放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。
在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时,by短语可以省略。
主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。
〔2〕将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday.他们昨天开会了。
〔3〕将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意:如果原主语是代词,则应由主格变为宾格。
He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项:含有双宾语,即直接宾语和间接宾语Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack.三、各种时态的被动语态1.一般现在时:am/is/are +过去分词We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。
初中英语被动语态讲解以及总结练习
适用文档初中被动语态语法解说(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态.,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的履行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的蒙受者。
如:Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.( 主动) Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.( 被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词组成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要表此刻be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完整同样。
以give为例,列表以下:一般此刻时:am/is/are+done一般过去时:was/were+done一般未来时:shall/will+bedone一般过去未来时:should/would+bedone此刻进行时:am/is/are+being+done过去进行时:was/were+being+done此刻达成时:have/has+been+done过去达成时:had+been+done未来达成时:shall/ will+havebeen+done过去未来达成时:should/would+havebeen+done[注]被动语态没有未来进行时和过去未来进行时。
(三)常有的八种时态中的被动语态一般此刻时:(1)Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry. Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.(2)Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateach er. Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.一般过去时:(1)Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth. Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.(2)Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily. Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten一般未来时:(1)Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.(2)Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers. Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.过去未来时:(1)Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear. Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear. Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworker stoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.此刻进行时:文案大全适用文档(1)TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons. Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastedontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时:(1)Theworkersweremendingtheroad.Theroadwasbeingmended.(2)Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere. Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.此刻达成时:(1)Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff. Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.(2)Hehasbroughthisbookhere.Hisbookhasbeenbroughthere.过去达成时:(1)WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets. WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout. Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleade r.Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader(四)含有神态动词的被动语态:含有神态动词的被动语态是由“神态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”组成。
(完整word版)初中英语被动语态讲解-练习及答案
被动语态一、考点、热点回顾【词汇辨析】1.across, through 穿过across指从一定范围的一边到另一边。
动作是在物体的表面进行。
常用于横穿街道、河流,穿过桥梁等。
eg: They walk across the bridge. 他们步行走过了这座桥。
through 侧重从物体的内部空间穿过,动作是在物体内部进行。
常用于门、窗户、森林等。
eg: He walks through the park. 他步行穿过公园。
2.ill,sick“生病的”。
ill只在系动词后作表语eg: Her mother was ill in bed.sick 既可作表语eg: Her mother was sick in bed.也可作定语eg: Jane is taking care of her sick mother.若ill作定语,译为“坏的,恶劣的”eg: an ill person一个坏人sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的,想吐的“eg: The boy always feels sick when he travels by car.【固定搭配】动词+ 名词/ 代词/ 副词+ 介词make room for给.....腾出地方eg: We can make room for her at this table.play a joke on戏弄人;对人恶作剧eg: We can’t play a joke on law.speak highly of称赞eg: The customs speak highly of their quality of service.say good bye to告别;告辞eg:I don't want to say good bye to them.take an active part in积极参加eg: They take an active part in school activities.take care of照顾;照料;注意eg: Could you take care of my plants while I'm on vacation?【被动语态】(一)语态:英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
初中语法被动语态讲解及练习
in French. I cannot read it.
A. writing B. witten C. wrote D. writes
答案B
解析:考查被动语态。句意:信是用法语写的。我看不懂。主语ltter 与谓语动词write之间的逻辑
关系为被动,应用被动语态。故选B。
6,——I want to teach in Tibet when I graduate from the college.
——English, oses C. is used D. has used
答案 C
解析:考查被动语态。根据句意,一在世界上哪个语言是被最广泛使用的?-当然是英语。主语
language与动词use之间是被动的关系,需要用被动语态,故答案为C。
5,The letter is
4,被动语态变化三部曲
主谓结构被动语态的变化 主谓结构:主语+谓语+宾语 例: They will discuss the plan at the meeting. 他们将在会议上讨论这个计划。 The plan will be discussed at the meeting. 这个计划将在会议上讨论。 备注:“主语+谓语+宾语”结构中只有一一个宾语 ,变为被动语态时,将宾语变为主语 主谓双宾结构被动语态的变化 主谓双宾:主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 例1 : We gave the student some books. 我们给了这个学生几本书。 The student was given some books. 这个学生被给了几本书。 例2 : We gave the student some books. Some books were given to the student. 备注:在这个句型中,谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时,一般将通常指人的间接宾语 转化成主语;注意:当指物的直接宾语作被动语态的主语时,通常要在指人的间接宾语前加上适当 的介词(如to, for, of等) ,以加强间接宾语的语气,如例2。
(word完整版)初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案
初中英语被动语态深度讲解、练习及答案(一)语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式,用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
所以英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
如:They built the bridge.The bridge was built by them.(二)被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时:am/is/are+taught一般过去时:was/were+taught一般将来时:will/shall be+taught现在进行时:am/is/are being+taught过去进行时:have/has been+taught现在完成时:have/has been+taught歌诀是:被动语态be字变,过去分词跟后面。
情态动词的被动语态是常考的一个知识点:情态动词+be+过去分词(三)被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
(四)主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项(1) 通常的办法是:将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式,将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语)。
(简化版)初中被动语态讲解及练习
(简化版)初中被动语态讲解及练习初中被动语态讲解及练(简化版)1. 什么是被动语态?被动语态是英语中的一种语法形式,用来表示动作的接受者或者主语是动作的承受者。
在被动语态中,动作的执行者不再是主语,而是通过by短语提供或省略。
被动语态的基本结构是“be动词+过去分词”。
2. 被动语态的构成被动语态的构成包括以下几个部分:2.1 be动词be动词有不同的形式,取决于时态、语气和人称。
常见的be动词有:- am(第一人称单数)- is(第三人称单数)- are(第二人称和第三人称复数)2.2 过去分词过去分词是一个动词的形式,通常由动词的过去式和-ed或者-en构成。
例如:- watched(观看)- eaten(吃)- written(写)2.3 by短语by短语是可选的,用来表示动作的执行者。
当动作的执行者不重要或者无需提及时,可以省略by短语。
例如:- The book was written by the author.(这本书是作者写的。
)- The bridge was built in 2005.(这座桥是在2005年建成的。
)- The cake was eaten.(蛋糕被吃掉了。
)3. 被动语态的用法被动语态在英语中的使用非常广泛,常见的情况包括但不限于:- 当执行者未知或不重要时,使用被动语态可以强调动作承受者。
例如:The car was stolen.(这辆车被偷了。
)- 当强调动作的结果或者影响时,使用被动语态。
例如:The window was broken.(窗户被打破了。
)- 当主语是长或者复杂的名词短语时,使用被动语态可以使句子更加简洁易懂。
例如:The movie was watched by millions of people.(这部电影被数百万人观看。
)4. 被动语态的练下面是一些被动语态的练题,可以用来提高对被动语态的掌握程度:1. The flowers _______ (water) every morning by my mother.2. The letter _______ (send) to the wrong address by mistake.3. The cake _______ (bake) in the oven for 30 minutes.4. The story _______ (tell) by the teacher in the classroom.5. 总结被动语态是英语中重要的语法形式,它可以改变句子的主动性和表达方式。
(完整版)初中英语被动语态讲解及练习(共47张PPT)
Be + 主语 + 过去分词 +( by宾语)+ 其他
练一练
1、He often writes letters to his mother. Letters __a_re__ often __w__ri_t_tetno his mother.
The dishes __is_c_l_e_a_n_e_dby mother every day.
主动:Children plant trees in spring. 被动: Trees are planted by children in spring. 一般疑问句: Are trees planted by children in spring?
_A_r_e_ letters often __w__r_it_t_ento his mother?
Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
2、Uncle Wang rode the bike yesterday.
every day. 一般现在时的被动语态:
主语+ am/are/is +动词过去分词+( by宾 语)+其他
练一练
1、He plants flowers in spring. Flowers _a_r_e__p_la_n_t_e_d_in spring ___b_y__h_i_m_. 2、They clean the classroom every day. The classroom _a_r_e__w_a_s_h_edby_____theevmery day. 3、Mother washes the dishes every day.
【英语】初中英语动词被动语态解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析
【英语】初中英语动词被动语态解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、动词被动语态1.The books which ________ in that bookshop ________ well.A. sold; soldB. are sold; are soldC. sell; sellD. are sold; sell【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意:在那个书店里被卖的书卖得很好。
定语从句主语which 和sell之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态:be+过去分词,排除A/C;当sell表示某种东西的自然属性和特点时,一般用主动形式表被动意义,sell well,表示书卖得好,用主动语态表被动;故答案为D.【点评】考查被动语态。
理解句意,掌握被动语态的用法和结构。
理解并掌握常用的主动表被动结构。
2.—Who's the little girl in the photo?—It's me. The photo ______ 10 years ago.A. tookB. is takenC. has takenD. was taken【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意:——照片中的小女孩是谁?——是我,这张照片是十年前照的。
句子主语是动作的承受者,应该用被动语态,时间状语是十年前,应该用过去时,故答案为D。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态。
was/were+及物动词的过去分词,过去的被动语态结构。
3.----Don't smoke here, Dad. Smoking _____ in public places.----Oh, sorry. I'll stop right now.A. isn't allowedB. aren't allowedC. doesn't allow【答案】 A【解析】【分析】句意:----不要在这儿吸烟,爸爸。
在公共场所不允许吸烟。
初中英语被动语态讲解与练习
被动语态语法专项讲解与训练(一) 语态分类:英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
every day. (主动)The room(承) is cleaned(谓动) by Tom(执) every day. (被动)被动语态结构:助动词be + 动词的过去分词done,即be done ,常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。
(二) 被动语态的用法(1) 动作的执行者很明显。
这时往往不用by 短语。
Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.(3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。
如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。
The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
(三) 被动语态的时态变化:通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现,done不变。
注意主语的单、复数变化。
以do为例,掌握下列时态的被动结构,形式变化如下:1.一般现在时:am / is / are + done2.一般过去时:was / were + done3.一般将来时:shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4.现在完成时:have / has + been + done5.情态动词:can/may/must/should/have to be done以下时态的被动语态作一般了解:现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done过去完成时:had + been + done 过去将来时:should / would + be done(四) 主动语态变被动语态的方法My aunt invited me to her dinner party.执行者动词承受者→I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
初中英语动词被动语态解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析
初中英语动词被动语态解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析一、动词被动语态1.I will go out to play with you as soon as my homework .A. finishesB. is finishedC. will be finishedD. was finished【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意:我的作业一做完我就出去和你玩。
时间状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时;本题中从句的主语是my homework,是动作的承受者,故用被动语态。
故选B。
【点评】考查动词的时态和语态,本题涉及时间状语从句中,若主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
2.The students of Class One_________ how to do the experiment in class yesterday.A. taughtB. was taughtC. were taught【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意是:在昨天的课堂上学生们被教了怎样做实验。
根据句意可知用被动语态,主语students 是名词复数形式,be 动词用 were,故选C。
【点评】考查一般过去时的被动语态的用法。
3.More chances _____ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.A. provideB. are providedC. providedD. will provide【答案】 B【解析】【分析】句意:如果以小组学习,将给学生提供更多的彼此学习的机会。
根据主语More chances“更多的机会”是被提供的,故是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态:be+过去分词,故可以排除ACD,故选B。
【点评】考查被动语态,其结构为be+过去分词。
4.Let's wait and see whether books by the Internet in the future.A. replaceB. replacedC. will be replacedD. were replaced【答案】 C【解析】【分析】句意:让我们等着看是否将来书会被网络替代。
初中英语被动语态讲解与练习 附过去分词表
被动语态语法专项讲解与训练(一) 语态分类:英语动词分主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
every day. (主动)The room(承) is cleaned(谓动) by Tom(执) every day. (被动)被动语态结构:be + 动词的过去分词done,即be done ,常译为“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动关系。
(二) 被动语态的用法(1) 动作的执行者很明显。
这时往往不用by 短语。
Word processing skills are taught in our computer lessons.(2)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
Some new computers were stolen last night.(3) 突出或强调动作的承受者。
如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。
The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。
(三) 被动语态的时态变化:通过助动词be的各种时态变化来体现,done不变。
注意主语的单、复数变化。
以do为例,掌握下列时态的被动结构,形式变化如下:1.一般现在时:am / is / are + done2.一般过去时:was / were + done3.一般将来时:shall / will + be done am/is/are going to be done4.现在完成时:have / has + been + done5.情态动词:can/may/must/should/have to be done以下时态的被动语态作一般了解:现在进行时:am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时:was / were + being + done 过去完成时:had + been + done 过去将来时:should / would + be done (四) 主动语态变被动语态的方法My aunt invited me to her dinner party.执行者动词承受者→ I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party.承受者谓语by+执行者1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
初中英语被动语态讲解、练习题及答案
初中英语被动语态讲解、练习题及答案英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象。
被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。
一般现在时:am/is/are+p.p一般过去时:was/were+p.p一般将来时:will/shall+ be+p.p现在进行时:am/is/are being+p.p 过去进行时:have/has being+p.p现在完成时:have/has +been+p.p过去完成时:had +been+p.p过去将来时:would/should+ be+p.p不用于被动语态的动词有些动词用于被动语态,如happen,cost,take,have (有),own,possess, want 。
An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。
One should possess courage, determination and wisdom. 人要拥有勇气、决心和智慧。
动词的主动形式表示被动之意1)某些连系动词,如:look, feel, smell,sound, prove等。
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
Maria proves very patient and warm-hearted. 玛丽亚被证明很耐心、很热心。
2)表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”等某些属性的动词,虽然可以是及物动词,但这时用作不及物动词,如:close, open, move, read, write, sell, wash, clean,cut, run, ride, begin, end, lock, shut, draw,translate, burn, operate等。
(完整版)初中被动语态讲解及练习
(完整版)初中被动语态讲解及练习被动语态一、概念:语态是动词的一种形式,它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者,或者是说动作是由主语完成的,要用主动语态;如果主语是动作的承受者,或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的,则用被动语态。
二、主动句变为被动句的步骤:1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词,并注意其人称和数随主语的变化,而动词的时态则保持不变。
3.原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现(注代词的宾格),如不需要则可省略。
4.其它的成分(定语、状语)不变。
三、被动语态的用法:1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词We clean our classroom every day.My mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词A new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词This book has been translated into many languages.Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词A new hospital will be built in our city.Many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词Young trees must be watered often. Your mistakes should be corrected right now.The door may be locked inside.Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词There are two books to be read.There are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
初中英语被动语态讲解
中考英语被动语态讲解与练习一、被动语态的构成英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。
助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致,并有时态的变化。
例如:The man was fooled by the two boys. The book has been translated into several languages.二、被动语态的用法(1)动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。
例如:Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. The new test book will be used next term.(2)当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。
例如:This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop. The thief was caught by a policeman yesterday.(3)含有双宾语的句子,主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语,另一个保留不变。
变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to 或for。
例如:The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语)some advice(直接宾语)→The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.→Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语,动词不定式不加to。
但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。
例如:The boss made them work ten hours a day. →They were made to work ten hours a day.A boy saw him enter the house. →He was seen to enter the house.三、被动语态的时态一般现在时构成:助动词be + done 例如:This kind of car is made in shanghai.一般过去时构成:助动词was/were + done 例如:The bridge was built in 1992.一般将来时构成:will/be going to do + be + done 例如:These books are going to be posted tomorrow.带有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + done 例如:Can this walkman be repaired here?补充:一It is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。
初中中考英语语法被动语态的讲解-专项练习及参考答案
被动语态全解语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。
一.被动语态的时态:1.一般现在时的被动语态:am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态:was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态:will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时的被动语态:am /is /are +being +动词的过去分词5.现在完成时的被动语态:have /has +been +动词的过去分词6.情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+ be +动词的过去分词主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况:1, 当宾语是反身代词时The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时Does the pair of new shoes suit you?We will have a meeting .四.特殊情况的被动语态:1.带双宾语的被动语态:动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾)口诀:如遇双宾语,一般变间宾,若把直宾变,to /for 间宾连。
1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。
give sb sth —— sb +be given sth 或sth +be given +to sb .2).buy/make/cook 与介词for 搭配。
buy sb sth —— sb +be bought + sth 或sth +be bought +for sbHe gave me a bookI ______ ______ a book by him.A book ____ ____ _____ me by him .My mother made me a cake .I ____ _____ a cake by my motherA cake ____ ____ ____ me by my mother .2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态:动词+ sb + do sth .口诀:感使动词真叫怪,to来to去记心怀,主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。
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初中被动语态语法讲解(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态,主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如:They will build a newbridgeoverthe river. (主动)A new bridge will be built over the river.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动,而英语用:助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。
(二)被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上,其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。
不同时态的被动语态,列表如下:一般现在时:am /is/ are+done一般过去时:was/were+done一般将来时:shall/ will +be done一般过去将来时:should /would+ bedone现在进行时:am / is/are+ being+ done过去进行时:was / were +being+ done现在完成时:have /has+been+ done过去完成时:had + been + done将来完成时:shall /will+ have been+done过去将来完成时:should / would +have been +done[注]被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。
(三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态1. 一般现在时:(1)People grow rice inthe south of thecountry.Rice is grown inthe south of the country.(2)Theschooldoesn't allowus to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.Wearenotallowed to enter the chemistry labwithouta teacher.2.一般过去时:(1)They agreed on the building of a new car factorylastmonth.Thebuildingof anew car factory wasagreed on last month.(2)Thestudents didn't forget hislessons easily.Hislessons werenot easily forgotten3.一般将来时:(1)Theywill sendcars abroad by sea.Carswill besentabroad by sea.(2)Theywillgive plenty of jobs toschool-leavers.Plentyof jobs will be giventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时:(1)Themanager saidtheywould completetheprojectby theend of theyear.The manager said theproject would be completed by the end of the year. (2)Theworkerstold me they would mend thecar assoon as possible.The workers toldme that thecarwouldbe mendedas soonas possible.5. 现在进行时:(1)The radio isbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessons are being broadcastedon the radio.(2) We arepaintingthe rooms.Therooms are being painted.6. 过去进行时:(1)Theworkers were mending the road.The road was beingmended.(2)This time last year we were planting treeshere.Treeswerebeingplanted herethis time lastyear.7. 现在完成时:(1)Someone has told methesportsmeetingmight be put off.I have been toldthesports meeting might be put off.(2)He hasbrought his book here.Hisbook has beenbroughthere.8. 过去完成时:(1)WhenI gotto thetheatre,I foundthey had alreadysold out the tickets. WhenI gotto the theatre,I foundthe tickets had alreadybeen soldout. (2)People had considered him to be a great leader.He had been consideredto be agreat leader(四)含有情态动词的被动语态:含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
(1)You must hand inyour compositions after class.Your compositionsmust behandedin after class.(2)He canwrite a great many letterswith the computer.A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.(五)被动语态的使用1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时,常用被动语态,这时往往不用by 短语。
“Mr.White, the cupwasbroken after class. ”2.突出或强调动作的承受者,如果需要说出动作的执行者,用by 短语。
These recordsweremade byJohnDenver.The cupwas broken by Paul.3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作的执行者,也不是动作的承受者时,这时常用in + 名词作状语,而代替by 短语。
Thesecars were made in China.(六)主动语态变被动语态的方法(1) My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语谓语宾语→I was invited(by my aunt ) toher dinnerparty.主语谓语宾语(2) The schoolset up a special classtohelp poorreaders.→ A specialclass to help poor readers was set upin theschool.1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。
2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词,时态要与原句保持一致。
3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,放在被动语态里谓语动词之后,by短语可以省略。
如果原句主语是地名词作状语。
(七)语态转换时所注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态点名词,在被动语态中用in +地点时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have boughta new computer.A newcomputer hasbeen bought. (正确)A new computerhavebeen bought.(错误)2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myuncle gave me a present onmybirthday.I was givenapresentonmy birthday.如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:A presentwas givento me yesterday.注意:1.一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:bring,give,hand,lend,offer, pass,pay, promise,sell,show, take, teach,tell 等。
(1) The bookwasshowedtotheclass.(2)My bike was lent to her.2.一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:build, buy, cook,cut, choose,do, fetch, find,fix, get, keep, make,order, paint, play,sing 等。
(1) A new skirt was made forme.(2)The meat wascookedfor us.(3)Somecountry music was played for us.3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词,要把它们作为整体看,即把它们看成一个及物动词,介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉。
这类动词有:不及物动词+ 介词,如:agreeto, askfor, laugh at, operated on, listento, lookaf ter, think of, talkabout等。
(1) The patient is being operated on.(2) The problem issolved.Itneedn't betalked about.及物动词+副词:如:bring about, carry out,find out, give up,hand in,make o ut,pass on,point out, put away, put off,think over,turn down,work out,turn out等。
(1)His request was turned down.(2) Thesportsmeetwill be put offbecause of thebad weather4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时,一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。
如:(1) We always keep theclassroom clean.→The classroom is alwayskept clean.(2)Shetold us tofollowherinstructions.→We were toldto follow her instructions.注意:在see, watch,hear, notice,listen to,look at, make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to,但改成被动语态后都带to,这时不定式为主语补足语,也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to的问题。