城市生态系统健康评价方法及其应用研究

第26卷第10期2006年10月

环 境 科 学 学 报 Acta Scientiae C ircu mstanti a e

V o.l 26,N o .10O ct .,2006

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(No .40261002;40561006);重庆市自然科学基金(N o .2004(8410));重庆市教委科研项目(No .K J 050808);贵州省优秀青年科技人才项目(N o .黔科合人字(2005)0513);贵州省省长基金(No .(2006)055)

Supported by the NationalNatural Scientific Foundati on (N o .40261002;40561006),Natural Scientific Foundati on ofC hongq i ng(No .2004(8410)),Scientific Res earch It e m ofEducati on alCo mm i ttee of Chongqi ng(No .KJ050808),ExcellentYouth Scientific and Technol og i calTal en ts 'Ite m s ofGuiz h ou Prov i nce(N o .(2005)0513)and Part of Presi d enti al Foundati on of Gu i zhou Provi n ce

作者简介:官冬杰(1980 ),女,硕士研究生,E m ai:l guandongjie_2000@;*通讯作者(责任作者),E m ai:l s uw eic@i si na .co m Biography :GUAN Dong ji e(1980 ),fe m al e ;*Corres ponding aut hor ,E m ai:l s uw e i c@i si na .co m

官冬杰,苏维词.2006.城市生态系统健康评价方法及其应用研究[J].环境科学学报,26(10):1716-1722

Guan D J ,Su W C .2006.S t udy on eval uati on m ethod f or urban ecosyste m healt h and its applicati on[J].Act a Sci en ti ae C i rc um st an ti ae ,26(10):1716-1722

城市生态系统健康评价方法及其应用研究

官冬杰1

,苏维词

1,2,*

1.重庆师范大学地理科学学院,重庆400047

2.贵州科学院山地资源研究所,贵阳550001

收稿日期:2005 12 16 修回日期:2006 06 28 录用日期:2006 07 25

摘要:通过定性和定量分析建立了一套相对完整的评价指标体系,采用因子分析法赋予指标权重,应用模糊数学方法构建评价模型,并对重庆市城市生态系统健康状态进行了实例研究.结果表明,重庆生态系统健康在结构功能方面属于病态;可持续利用能力和动态变化方面属于亚健康状态,城市生态系统健康综合状况属于亚健康状态.以北京、天津、上海作为参比城市进行了对比评价,得出北京、天津和上海也均处于亚健康状态的结论;但4个城市生态系统整体健康状况排序为:上海、北京、天津、重庆.通过此评价,明确了重庆城市生态系统健康的状况及其影响因子,了解了重庆与其它3个直辖市的健康差距,为重庆城市生态规划与保护提供科学依据.关键词:城市生态系统健康;评价指标;评价模型;重庆市

文章编号:0253 2468(2006)10 1716 07 中图分类号:X826 文献标识码:A

Study on eval uation m ethod for urban ecosyste m health and its application

GUAN Dong jie 1

,SU W e ici

1,2,*

1.Geography Sci en ce I n stitute ,C hongq i ng N or m alUn ivers i ty ,Chongqi ng 400047

2.Instit u te ofM oun t ain Resou rces ,Gu iz hou A cade m y,Gu i yang 550001

R ecei ved 16Dece mb er 2005; recei ved i n rev i sed f or m 28J un e 2006; accepted 25J u ly 2006

A bs tract :The eval u ati on m et hod of u rban ecosyste m hea l th w as e mphati call y d i scu ss ed.By qualitati ve and quantitati ve anal ys i s ,

a set of relativel y

i n t egrated eval u ati on i ndexes syste m w as b rought f ort h.M oreove ,factor anal ysis w as e m ployed t o g i ve i ndexes w ei gh t ,and f u zz y m at he m ati cs was u tilized t o estab lis h t he eval u ati on m ode.l Then the s it uation of urban ecosyste m health i n Ch ongq i ng w as study as a cas e .The resu lts i nd i cated that i n t h e s tructural f unction aspect ,ecosyste m health ofC hongq i ng w as situat ed i n sick state ,t h e ab ili ty of sustai nab le u tili zati on and dyna m i c changew ere s i tuated i n sub-healthy stat e ,and the co m prehens i ve cond i ti on s of urban ecosyste m health w as s i tuated i n s ub heal thy state .Subsequen tly ,by con trastivel y eval uati on w i th B eiji ng ,T i an ji n,Shanghai as the reference ci ti es ,

it w as con cluded t h at these three cities w ere also situat ed i n s ub -hea l thy state .

H o w ever ,t he i n tegrated cond itions of urban ecosyst e m h ealt h of t h ese four cities f oll o w ed as t he sequen ce :Shanghai>Beiji ng>T ian ji n >Chongqi ng .C onsequen tly ,the eval u ati on cou l d m ade clear t h e conditi on and i n fl uen ci ng factors of urban ecosyst e m h ealt h of Chongq i ng .The healt h gap bet w een C hongq i ng and the ot her t h ree m un ici pali ti es w as reali zed d irectl y under t he central governm en t i n C h i na ,wh ich provi d ed a scientific basis for progra mm i ng and p rotecti ng of urban ecology ofC hongq i ng .

K eywords :u rban ecosyste m healt h ;eval u ati on i nd icat or ;eval u ati on m ode;l Chongq i ng

1 引言(Introducti o n)

随着人们环保观念的增强,对生态系统健康的

研究也越来越深入(Rappor,t 1992;Ca ir ns et a l .,1993;C allicot,t 1995;R appor,t 1999;袁兴中等,

2001;孔红梅等,2002;刘敏超等,2005;赵伟等,2005).众多学者对生态系统健康概念、评价指标选择和方法等方面进行了研究,但概念性和宏观的研

究内容多,对各类型生态系统(如河流、森林、农田湿地生态系统等)健康的专门性研究少(刘永,