《2013年4月托福阅读预测机经-白老师》
《13年3月托福写作预测机经-底老师》
2013年3月托福写作预测机经
24号的大陆地区托福考试又是以北美+大陆的乱拼形式出现，这一点已经不足为奇。
因算上这一次，今年大陆地区考试中已经出现了五次这样的情况，占到考试总是5/9。
这次考试中命中了听力和口语1、2、4、5、6。
虽然24号的考试以北美+大陆的乱拼形式出现并不新鲜，但是前几场相比还有一个明显的变化——前几场中的大陆旧题都是出现在口语和写作部分，这次除了口语和写作部分重复了大陆题，阅读也重复了2011年8月28号的考题(在2010年5月22号的北美考过)。
这也意味着对于大陆旧题的重复很有可能慢慢会延伸至阅读和听力。
对比博主会监控考试，请各位随时关注博客和微博的信息更新。
另外，在24号的考试中又出现了3套新的大陆旧题，所以随后在预测补丁中会加入相对应的机经。
最后，从目前形势来看，至少口语和写作部分重复大陆机经已经形成了一定趋势。
所以，对于预测补丁，各位考生也一定要认真对待，好好复习。
《13年4月托福口语预测机经-白老师》
2013年4月托福口语预测机经重点11. Is it beneficial for students to have computers?Describe an important poem or letter or story your have written.Describe a difficulty you met. Explain how you overcame it.2. People should always remain honest. Do you agree or disagree?The government should not rebuild the city. Do you agree or disagree?It is good for first year students to live in the same dorms with senior students. Agree or disagree?3. 生物的adaptation，有两种类型，教授举了两种海洋生物作为例子来说明这两种adaptation。
4. 如果有外国朋友到你们国家学习，你可以给他什么建议。
5. 你喜欢和你意见一直的朋友还是喜欢和你意见不同的人做朋友。
重点21. 已考2. In the future，people will read fewer books，agree or disagree?3. 学校要建新的art building，可以have larger classroom，还有high tech machine，女生喜欢。
因为classroom小学生想上课但是上不去，她说自己想去Chinese art class，可是班级小只能去15个人，所以她没进去。
然后第二是她没有high tech machine的时候painting 跟石膏都很blur，看不清楚details，可是一束的excellence主要在details上。
2013年2月、3月托福机经汇总（阅读+听力+作文）
2013年2月、3月托福机经汇总（阅读+听力+作文）Toefl Asia 1302/1303Reading Vocabulary康老师榜首1、key=important, meager=very low, tactic = strategy, potential = possible, objection =arguments in opposition, inhibit = prevent, assorted = various, oversaw = supervised, decisive=determine, readily=easily, assistance=help, expanded= was enlarged2、exceedingly 非常；極端地（= extremely），hasten 加快；促進（= speed up; accelerate），bulk 大量（= mass），contribute 捐助；添加（= give; add to），enormous 巨大的；極大的（= huge; immense），embody 使具體化；代表（= incarnate; incorporate; represent），swift 迅速的（= fast; ready）accumulate = build up，subsequence = later，coincide = happen at the same time，catastrophe（n. 大災難）3、cases = stop，enormous = very large，profound，exhibit，cluster康老师榜眼1、although=albeit，in tandem=gradually, barely=just, epitomize，composite=mixture；snaking=winding，stagnation = inactivity，epitomize =exemplify，arise=come about，albeit=even though/ although，threshold= limitation，figuring out=mapping，accelerate=speed up// get faster2、inspect=examine，severe=intense，moreover= in addition，cease3、jointly=together，exceptionally，enhance，exert，mimic（選項有：reproduce，predict）vast（選項有：huge，numerous），conventional，peculiar，approach = nearly4、counter 對抗/反對5、pertinent（adj. 相關的；切題的）6、boulevards，reluctant，resilient ，successive康老师探花1、vital（選項：necessary；powerful），perish（選項：valuable；destroy）2、striking = noteworthySpeakingTask1康老师榜首1、如果學校圖書館裡面所有的紙質的書換成電子書好不好？／你認為這樣做的優缺點2、Advantage and disadvantage of eating in class.3、如果學校得到一筆大投資，打算改建圖書館、健身房、科學實驗室，你建議學校建哪一個，WHY?4、人際交往的時候good manner 重要嗎？為什麼？5、選擇住處？離學校近，離家近，還是離交通樞紐近？問想住在哪，有三個選項。
托福阅读经典加试题机经汇总
托福阅读经典加试题机经汇总资料说明：托福阅读或听力部分，会在考试时要求考生多完成一篇阅读或者二篇听力，作为题目难以度的检测，一般而言加试阅读的数量为两篇文章，加试听力则是加三个听力段子。
随着热心考生的增多，这些试题，包括原文，题目和答案都被回忆整理出来了，叫做托福经典加试题机经。
本文档是托福阅读经典加试题部分。
扫描二维码加托福名师刘文勇老师微信，可参加免费空中课堂乐闻携尔官网托福培训咨询电话4000-182-178Necessary Evil开篇明义：我并不中意“机经”。
“机经”这个说法，最早可能源于机考GRE的年代——在那段时间内的多次考题是可能完全重复的（一般以“自然月”为周期）。
常出现的情形是：月末参加考试的同学遇到的试题，居然与月初的试题完全一致。
所以，尽管我们在参加这些标准化考试之前都需先“签字画押”（签订保密协议，同意绝不将试题内容透露给任何第三方），但仍有“热心”的同学愿意在网络上回顾、分享自己考过的试题，这也就给后来参加考试的同学们创造了提前熟悉某些将要考到的真实考题的机会。
与之类似，机经在新托福（iBT）考试出现后，也逐步流行了起来，因为自从托福将纸笔考试（PBT）改革成计算机考试之后，也出现了重复出题的现象（尽管它并不是以自然月为周期的，但总归是重复了很多次，还是有规律可寻的）。
按照陈睿老师的说法，科班出身的理工科专业人才使用STATA或SPSS等统计软件来“处理数据、总结规律”的能力还是不可小觑的。
于是同学们总能看到诸多预测机经，也总能够听到我们的机经预测命中的消息。
这看上去貌似是一件皆大欢喜的事情。
但事实上，若同学们有缘读到这篇小短文，我最想对大家说的一句话却是“机经可能并不如你想象中的那么有用”。
尽管我们制作的“机经材料”经常命中考题，但我却时常在各类讲座中宣传“机经无用论”。
因为在一个真正经过了精心设计、目的是考查学生语言能力的测试中，出题者并不是那么在意学生是否已经提前了解了部分试题。
《13年4月3日GMAT阅读预测机经-李老师》
2013年4月3日GMAT阅读考试预测李琳老师简介：【特色】纯正美式发音、激情、幽默【经历】北外英语专业高材生，多伦多大学进修。
曾在多伦多教育局任英语老师，贝尔公司等担任管理职位，回国后在CRI Easy FM中国国际广播电台任新闻主播和双语谈话节目主持人。
本月预测重点：语文部分包括41个多项选择题，内容涉及阅读理解、评论性推理和句子改错三种类型。
3月2日换库后，为大家整理这个月的GMA T阅读机经，这篇GMA T阅读机经是关于环境与经济的文章，考生朋友可以看看，下面的内容为考古内容，分享给大家，希望对大家有所帮助，文中观点仅供参考。
[V1]第一篇是关于环境与经济的文章。
中心名词实在不记得了关于ecoxxxx的有些学者认为人们为了谋求经济利益使得ecological system degradation了。
举个了关于hotel resort的例子说明在一些海岸线附件建酒店影响生态(这里高亮，问作者提到hotel resort 的目的是什么)。
接下来有个学者XX，认为传统的观点有问题。
提出要evaluate有些自然环境是否能带来实际的经济效益。
另一个学者又说了一个观点。
突然脑残不记得了。
但两个学者的观点不一致。
考古未确认12.环境保护与经济效益V1:一片说环境保护应该用经济效益来衡量V2: 大概内容是。
环境保护与经济效益的关系?其中有个小小的例子是沿着河有开发的宾馆什么的。
然后行文最后的态度(个人理解)是，环境保护与经济效益并驱还有很长的路要走。
V3：主题是围绕“要考虑到生态环境系统的经济价值”这个观念。
第一段首先定义了这个价值，然后描述了一下怎么怎么被人们忽略。
第二段就分别讲了两个人来解释为什么需要普及应用这个观念。
题目能记得清的是在第一段作者举了一个“costal hotel”的例子，问举例作用V4: 环境保护是MoneyXXX的。
通常人们会偏好于实际的、量化的利益，譬如建设旅游景点而非建设保护地。
2013全年托福口语第一题和第二题机经汇总(空白版)_图文
2013年3月30日Talk about the one thing your government can do to improve the educational system in your country.谈谈在你的国家政府为改进教育体系可以做的一件事。
2013年4月14日If the school received a barrel of money, what do you wish it will be spent on? A sports gym, a laboratory or a scientific research facility?学校获得一大笔钱,你希望该笔钱是被用在何处?修建体育馆,实验室还是研究设施?2013年4月20日One of your friends is going to work, he is nervous. What suggestions do you give to him?你的一个朋友即将参加工作,他很紧张,你会给他什么建议?2013年5月11日Talk about an interesting school activity that you participated in recently. Give details and examples in your response.谈论你最近参加的一个有趣的学校活动。
请用具体事例和细节说明。
2013年5月18日Describe a recent celebration or event. Explain why people had a great time.描述一个最近的庆祝活动或事件并解释一下人们为什么过得很快乐。
2013年5月26日Your friend ha s been offered a job that’s far away from his hometown. Do you think he should take it or not? Give specific reasons and details to support your response.你朋友最近获得了一份离他家乡很远的工作。
13年必看托福口语机经
TOEFL2013口语机经100430NATask2: Should a city try to preserve it’s old , historic building or destroy them and replace them with modern buildings?100312NATask1: It’s important for students to have computers? Explain why computers are important to students.Task2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should state honest opinions even though they are different from other people’s opinions.110827NATask1: If a high school in your hometown is planning to provide students with an after-school activity. What activity would you like to recommend?110319NAWhat kind of job will you choose? To choose a job through which you can get a lot of money or to choose a job through you can get great personal satisfaction?110917NATask 1: Describe the person you asked for help once, and explain how you solved your problem.Task 2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The first year students should live with older students.111217NATask1:Describe one way to improve the system of education in your country. Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.Task2:Some people like to reading paper books while others like to listen to audio books. Which do you prefer and why?111209NATask1: What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing students to eat in class? Use specific details and examples to support your opinion.Task2:Some people like to collect old things such as newspapers. Others throw things away after they have used them. Which do you prefer and why?120218NA1. Describe a serious problem that your country is now facing. Explain why this problem is serious.2. Do you prefer finishing your work once you got them or to wait until the due day, why?120309NA1. A university is planning to build a parking lot so students can park their cars. Do you agree or disagree with this plan?2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is not necessary for students to memorize historical data such as names and dates because students can easily find them on the Internet.120420NA1. If your school has received a large amount of money. Would you like this money to be used for building a school gymnasium or building a science laboratory?2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people should not take part-time jobs because this has a negative effect on their study.120323NA1. What kind of food do you recommend to add to the food menu of the campus cafeteria? Use Examples and details to support your response.2. Some people like to buy new and expensive books while others prefer to buy old and cheap ones. Which would you prefer?120505NA1, your university is planing to use electronic books to replace paper books and magazines in it’s library. What is your opinion about this plan?2,do you agree or disagree with the following statements? Use specific reasons and examples to support your respones. Government should spend money on some projects to encourage citizens to lead healthier lifesyles.120706NA1.What are the advantages and disadvantages for young children to play computer games?2,Some people read the instruction before using a product. Others start using a product without reading the instruction. Which do you think is better and why?20120728NA1, which of the following jobs do you think is the hardest one? Government workers,doctors or police officers?2, do you agree or disagree with the statement? Students should visit some museums, like science museums, art museums and history museums?20120817NA1: Which of the following jobs would you like to do in your city? Clean up the city,build more bicycle trails orplant more trees?2: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better to have classes with good friends?120907NATask1: Which place is the best place to live in? a place near your school or company, aplace near your home, or a place near a transportation center?Explain why?Task2: Some students prefer to study by reading books. Other students prefer to study by listening to lectures. Which way do you prefer and why?120915NATask1: Nowadays, robots can help people to do many things. Do you think it is a good idea and why?Task2: Some people think that employees should be require to wear formal suits, others think that employees should wear casual clothes. What is your opinion?121006NATask1:If you get an opportunity to take a travel to space moon, would you like to take the trip? Explain why?Task2: Should your government build a library or a park in your community?121012NATask1: Where would you like to take a foreign friend to visit in your city? A factory, a university or a museum? Explain why?Task2:Some people think primary school students should be taught how to type. Others think that kids should be taught about hand writing. What is your opinion?121103NATask1: Which subject do you want to study most? Math, drawing, or science?Task2: Some people prefer to keep in touch with their family members and friends by e-mail some others prefer to use telephone, which why do you prefer?121027NATask1:Talk about a family member who has similar traits and behaviors as you.Task2:Some people prefer to live in a brand new and big apartment which is far from a workplace or a university. Other people prefer to live in an old and small apartment which is near a workplace or a university.Which do you prefer?121116NATask1: Describe an older person you would like to talk with in you family. This person could be your uncle, aunt, grandfather or grandmother.Task2: some people prefer to fix their broken furniture or electronic devices by themselves, others prefer to bring them to a repair shop. Which way do you prefer?121117NATask1:which service would you like to do in your community? To help children with their homework. To teach adults to use computer. To clean up the city park.Task2:some people prefer to live in a noisy area which is close to supermarkets and public tranportation others perfer to live in a quiet area which is far from supermarkets and public transportation. which do you prefer?081026CN1，What kind of movie do you like most? Explain why you like this kind of movie.2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students should be required to wear school uniforms to school.091018CNTask2Some people prefer to buy already-prepared food. Others prefer to buy fresh materials and prepare meals by themselves. Which way do you prefer?101229CNTask1: What suggestions you would like to give to a child who is starting school for the first time?Task2: Some people prefer to live in plac es where climate doesn’ t change much all year long. Others prefer to live in places where climate changes with seasons. Which do you prefer?080516NATask1:describe an experience that you worked well with others to complete a task. Explain why that experience is important to you.Task2: do you agree or disagree with the following statement. Children should be required to help with household tasks as long as they are old enough to do so.100306CNTask1: describe an actor or a musician whom you think is a good performer. Explain why you enjoy his or her performance.Task2: Some people prefer to make plans for their leisure time, some others don’t prefer to do so. Which way do you prefer and why?091010NATask1: describe a special experience which has changed you positively? Explain how it changed you.Task2: some people prefer to learn from events in the past, others prefer to learn from current events which do you prefer?。
2013年4月托福阅读材料1及详细解析(最新)
20 cases of measles a day are now being diagnosed in Swansea epidemic风疹传染病正在席卷斯温西,平均每天有20个确诊病例●Number of confirmed cases has risen to 588确诊病例已经增加到了588●Up to 20 new cases a day are being reported by GPs, with 109 new ones in aweek over the Easter period●Health officials have estimated around 3,800 children in the Swansea areahave still not had the MMR vaccine卫生官员估计斯温西地区大约3,800的儿童还没有接种麻疹疫苗这是文章的主旨大意概括.The number of confirmed cases of measles in the Swansea epidemic has risen to 588, health officials in Wales said today.The latest figures(最新数字) show that 40 new cases of the disease have been diagnosed since Wednesday.Up to 20 new cases a day are being reported by GPs, with 109 new ones in a week over the Easter period.Health officials have estimated around 3,800 children in the Swansea area have still not had the MMR vaccine and parents are being asked to act.With cases of measles continuing to soar, parents are being urged to get their children vaccinated随着麻疹病例的急剧增加,政府催促家长给孩子接种疫苗Special vaccination clinics have been arranged for this weekend, as fears grow about the virus spreading to neighboring areas(附近地区).Dr Marion Lyons, Director of Health Protection for Public Health Wales, said: 'The alarming(令人但担忧的) numbers of cases of measles and continuing spread of the disease in Wales illustrates how vital it is for parents to get their children vaccinated.(令人担忧的麻疹病例数字,威尔士疾病的持续传播,都说明了让家长给孩子接种疫苗的重要性)这句话句式很好,值得借鉴'Unvaccinated children aged between six and 12 months living in or travelling to the outbreak areas(疫情爆发的地区) of Swansea and Neath Port Talbot can be offered vaccination by their GP(GP=General Practitioner, a physician who is not a specialist but treats all illnesses全科医生).'There's no adverse effect（副作用）to this extra jab（注射）and those childrenwould still need to receive the recommended two doses（剂量）at 13 months and three years four months.'Dr Lyons added（补充说）that increasing numbers of people coming forward for the MMR vaccination was encouraging - with just under 600 people in the Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board area alone receiving an unscheduled（事先未安排的）MMR vaccine in the past seven days.'We are really pleased to see that 586 people have proactively（主动地）got the MMR vaccine over the past week, on top of those already scheduled to have it,' she added.'Though this is a good start, there are still thousands of children who have not had both doses of the MMR jab and so are still at risk（处于危险中）from becoming infected with（被感染）the potentially fatal measles virus（有致命危险的麻疹病毒）.（虽然开端很好，但是还是有成千上万的儿童还没有注射两剂麻疹疫苗，他们还处在被感染致命麻疹病毒的危险之中。
托福考试真题：2013.3.30托福考试阅读机经
第一篇：Agricultural Management in the Late Aztec society版本一：一个什么地区的农业问题。
讲了农业上三个问题，假设是ABC吧。
A是家庭就可以完成。
B是灌溉，建设起来工程大，维护起来很费力，是政府介入的，几个城市还是分别独立的不影响。
C是既有A的特点又有B的特点(这句话有改写题，改写成：C像B一样建设和维护起来很麻烦需要政府的力量，也像A一样后期可以家庭就可以实现不需要政府的力量)。
版本二：第一篇：mesoamerica的农业，讲那个地方的人农业很密集，但都是各户耕种就足以自足了，后来又有政府神马的公众机构涉入，建造和maintain河道(好像是河道)Aztec AgricultureFarming provided the basis of the Aztec economy. The land around the lakes was fertile but not large enough to produce food for the population, which expanded steadily as the empire grew. To make more land suitable for farming, the Aztec developed irrigation systems, formed terraces on hillsides, and used fertilizer to enrich the soil. Their most important agricultural technique, however, was to reclaim swampy land around the lakes by creating chinampas, or artificial islands that are known popularly as “floating gardens.” To make the chinampas, the Aztec dug canals through the marshy shores and islands, then heaped the mud on huge mats made of woven reeds. They anchored the mats by tying them to posts driven into the lake bed and planting trees at their corners that took root and secured the islands permanently. On these fertile islands they grew corn, squash, vegetables, and flowers.Aztec farmers had no plows or work animals. They planted crops in soft soil using pointed sticks. Corn was their principal crop. Women ground the corn into a coarse meal by rubbing it with a grinding stone called a mano against a flat stone called a metate. From the corn meal, the Aztec made flat corn cakes called tortillas, which was their principal food. Other crops included beans, squash, chili peppers, avocados, and tomatoes. The Aztec raised turkeys and dogs, which were eaten by the wealthy; they also raised ducks, geese, and quail.Aztec farmers had many uses for the maguey plant (also known as the agave), which grew in the wild to enormous size. The sap was used tomake a beerlike drink called pulque, the thorns served as needles, the leaves were used as thatch for the construction of dwellings, and the fibers were twisted into rope or woven into cloth.Aztec SocietyAgricultureThe pre-conquest Aztecs were an empire that prospered agriculturally, and they did so without the wheel or domestic beasts of burden. They had four main methods of agriculture that were quite successful. The earliest, most basic form of agriculture implemented by the Aztecs is known as “rainfall cultivation.” The Aztecs also implemented terrace agriculture in hilly areas, or areas that could not be used for normal farming. Terracing allowed for an increased soil depth and impeded soil erosion. The terraces were built by piling up a wall of stones parallel to the contour of the hillside. Dirt was then filled in, creating viable, flat farmland. There were three types of terrace agriculture, each one used for specific circumstances. The three types were; hillslope contour terraces (steeper slopes), semi-terraces (gentle slopes, walls were made with Maguey plants rather than stones), and cross-channel terraces. Terracing was used mostly in the highlands of the Aztec empire. The Aztecs invented the wheel for the use of their children but not for them.In the valleys of the empire, irrigation farming was used. Dams diverted water from natural springs to the fields. This allowed for harvests to be successful on a regular basis. The prosperity of a field was not dependent upon the rain. Irrigation systems had been in place long before the Aztecs. However, they built canal systems that were longer and much more elaborate than any previous irrigation systems. They even managed to divert a large portion of the Cuauhtitlan River to provide irrigation to large areas of fields. The network of canals was a very complex and intricate system.In the swampy regions along Lake Xochimilco, the Aztecs implemented yet another method of crop cultivation. They built what are called chinampas. Chinampas are areas of raised land, created from alternating layers of mud from the bottom of the lake, and plantmatter/other vegetation. These “raised beds” were between 2 and 4 meters wide, and 20 to 40 meters long. They rose about 1 meter above the surface of the water, and were separated by narrow canals, which allowedfarmers to move between them by canoe. The chinampas were extremely fertile pieces of land, and yielded, on average, seven crops annually. In order to plant on them, farmers first created “seedbeds,” or reed rafts, where they planted seeds and allowed them to germinate. Once they had, they were re-planted in the chinampas. This cut the growing time down considerably.第二篇：日本气候版本一：日本的气候，受两气流的影响，西伯利亚气流和啥，一冷一暖，有图。
《13年4月托福听力预测机经-白老师》
2013年4月托福听力预测机经Conversation1一个女学生是教授助理，去休假，回来后问教授关于论文写作的事，她想写有关Dolphins 的论文。
女生提到度假中查了20世纪80年代的老资料，教授说太老了应该查2004年的资料，这样才能显示出她认真做过一定的文献分析工作。
另外，教授提醒女生注意选题，因为他期望女生在论文中体现出analysis on problems而不是仅仅做summary。
女生补充说度假时有单位给她工作offer，教授提议不如先读个master。
女生说还是倾向于先工作再读master。
Lecture 1对一个南极探险者的评价的变化。
有一个英国探险家去南极因为气候太差，结果没回来。
后来他的老婆就把他的notes整理出书了，引起轰动，成了one of the best seller, 整个英国都把这个人当英雄，大人孩子都特别喜欢他。
老师说这有两个原因：1. 历史原因，二战之前人人恐慌，有英雄情结 2.他的夫人做了编辑整理和润饰宣传。
然后来有个人又去南极，然后觉得那个所谓的英雄特别笨，这里有个双选题问批评他什么，有一个是组织能力，另外一个是没有用雪橇犬。
再后来又有个女的要为这个英雄正名，就研究了那个时候的一些天气数据，发现那个weather特别糟糕(这里有题)，以Coldest March为题出版，表明当时的三月异常寒冷，因此更突显这个英国探险家的特别不容易。
结尾的时候老师说"you might think why it was so late", 问教授干嘛这么说，意思是说这个女的没有解答全部的质疑者的问题。
Lecture 2根据老鼠胡子设计机器人，刚开始时候不知道老鼠胡子的感受原理。
机器人设计完了知道了。
机器人有感受器，接收了电脑重建image发现很准。
后来说老鼠胡子长度能感受texture，长短感受光不光滑是不一样的，这个机器人还不行。
最后老师说还没有提到light sensors，机器人以后会有很多功能，比如在黑暗的地方进行作业等。
《13年3月托福阅读预测机经-吴老师》
2013年3月托福阅读预测机经2013年3月新托福阅读考试仍将以旧题为主，共整理汇总15套重点套题。
2013年3月新托福阅读预测题如下：重点套题一Passage 1【主旨】关于水资源在农业上的利用。
【内容】以一个古国为例，说过度灌溉造成盐碱化的内容较多；说以前耕种的灌溉方式，增加管道加宽了灌溉的面积，可是也因此容易造成水灾，随着人口增加田地不足，因此，朝着高地开发。
由于高地灌溉困难，最后好像是种某种植物增加土壤表面含水量借此来保持土壤水分。
Passage 2【主旨】工业的发展。
【内容】石油的提炼，还有提到一些原油提炼产生的副产品and价值。
Passage 3【主旨】恐龙灭绝，从地质方面讨论。
【内容】大灭绝：65亿年的陨石冲撞造成地球上75%生物死亡，地表99%死亡，好像有提到有人认为陨石冲撞杀不死这么多生物，然后是说陨石冲撞造成尘土飞扬，遮住了阳光造成地球温度下降，最后提剩下25%如何生存之类的。
加试：加拿大的农业和捕鱼业，还有捕捉那些长皮毛的动物。
讲为什么原来只有捕鱼业发达，然后后来大家都去买fur。
油在不同温度下会出现哪几种形式。
珊瑚礁词汇题：Accumulate=build up；Subsequence=later；Coincide=happen at the same time；Catastrophe=disaster重点套题二Passage 1【主旨】Mass production.【内容】讲当时几个人怎么利用machine生产，然后产品过剩，后面还讲了哪个人用一种营销手段销售照片纸，就使照相机很便宜，他们也提供service和照相机升级，制药顾客把照相机寄给他们，付10元得运费就行。
Passage 2【主旨】非洲大陆的发展。
【内容】给了一个非洲大陆的地图，然后整篇文章就在讲south Africa，western Africa 什么什么的expansion，然后他们的farm形式啊，怎么从个人变成集体，题目不难。
韦晓亮老师13年4月托福阅读预测
阅读plan 1第一篇有一座银矿发现后，铸币业(minting)开始产生，中世纪的商人开始可以携带比较少的钱币做远距离的贸易，中间有一些商会的形成，商人之间的互相(mutual trust)信任造成信用(credit)机制的产生（有重述题）．这题跟TPO好像13还是10有一题很像．第二篇Mammoth Steppe.亚洲大陆和阿拉斯加中间的白令海域在过去2.5万年之间有七次冰河期(?)反正有七次冷暖交替，猛马象在最后一次灭绝．G开头的学者认为一种他命名叫Mammoth Steppe的草在过去冰河期那段寒冷期间，除了最冷到最巅峰的时间以外，都长得比现在的草还要好（有重述题）．因此可以提供足够的营养给上面大型动物，现代的植物因为比较酸(acidic)还有一个不太重要的原因没有办法带给地上动物足够的营养，他认为因为这种草在之后环境变暖了后就灭绝了，所以猛马象也一起陪葬了，可是有另外的学者觉得没有化石的证据证实这种Mammoth Steppe真的存在过，他们觉得猛马象消失后草才跟着一起消失的，接下来一段在讲一个例子述说大象这种踩踏有利于草原而不适合灌木生长，有一题插入题（大意是：可是这个现象可以以Mammoth Steppe不易留下化石证据的理由反驳）第三篇生物应该是生态类的题目，第一段大意是说人们都觉得群居动物是演化程度比较高的，因为他们会互相合作，其实这不是绝对的，独居的动物(Solitary)也是有他们生存上的优势，后面继续说了群居的坏处，有两点，一个是群居动物需要耗费精力争夺社会阶层(Social rank );另外群居也比较容易有传染病，就生物学上的角度来说，生物要耗费精力在处理这些负面影响是演化上不利的条，像是某种蜜蜂就需要帮蜂蛹加热帮助某种霉菌(fungus)的感染（有题）．但是整体上，物种会演化成群居生活一定是整体利益大于那些单身生活不利的条件，反之亦然，举例，一种B鱼嘴巴很小，会跟另外一种C鱼合作赶走想要吃鱼卵的入侵者，相反地，跟B鱼同科的D鱼则喜欢独自生活，不喜欢合作，他们有天生得大嘴巴可以赶走入侵者，所以自己生活ok．Tactic= strategy Potential = possible Objection = arguments in opposition Inhibit =prevent Assorted = various Oversaw = supervised．Decisive = determine 早期电影发展：爱迪生；Phi phenomenon; Kinetoscope Parlorplan 2第一篇关于水资源在农业上的利用，以一个古国为例，说过渡灌溉造成盐碱化的内容较多。
13年4月托福阅读预测机经-于英播老师
2013年4月托福阅读预测机经于英播于英播老师老师aka Michael 哥老师简介：Michael哈耶普斯教育CEO/口语、写作首席主讲。
从小在美国长大，口语流利地道堪比native ，对中美文化背景和差异有深入了解。
2005年回国并从事托福、雅思教育事业。
曾任上海环球雅思-北美院口语、写作首席主讲名师。
在托福、雅思口语教学中擅于帮助学生改变中文思维方式，学会西方人的思维及语言输出。
曾多次参加托福、雅思考试，被学生称之为“口语预测高手”和“写作押题哥”。
本月预测重点：本月预测重点：托福托福3月份考试听力中加入了很多国家的口音。
如月份考试听力中加入了很多国家的口音。
如：：日本日本，，英国英国，，印度印度。
是因为结合美国实情是因为结合美国实情，，很多大学的教授都是印度人，很多学生都是来自日本很多学生都是来自日本、、英国等地英国等地。
本次预测机经重点在Task1Task1、、Task2两部分。
两部分。
Michael Michael Michael哥为广大考生亲自撰写提供了标准地道的高哥为广大考生亲自撰写提供了标准地道的高分答案分答案。
听读方面听读方面，，分别加入场景预测和高频词汇分别加入场景预测和高频词汇。
写作根据前几个月的真题题库提供了一些有可能会出现的题目当作押题，祝你好运月的真题题库提供了一些有可能会出现的题目当作押题，祝你好运。
希望能帮助同学们得到高分。
2013年4月托福阅读机经预测P1Coral Reef1.Coral Reef is the coastal and oceanic ecosystem renowned for its beautiful life forms and for providing one of the most biologically diverse habitats on Earth,A reef is a ridge or out crop of rock in the sea that comes close to the surface.A coral reef is a reef that has been built largely or entirely by corals,tiny animals that live together in colonies as an ecosystem.Over hundreds or thousands of years the limestone skeletons of coral build up,with new corals growing on the skeletons of the dead ones.Frequently addressed the“rainforests of the sea”,coral reefs are home to a spectacular variety of organisms.2.The corals that build reefs are found only in warm tropical waters where sea temperatures rarely fall below18℃（64℉）；the best temperature for them is between23-27℃.Any temperature above29℃is fetal to them.They thrive only in clear saltwater,yet not too salty,where bright sunlight can penetrate under the rage of50meters.This is because corals cannot exist without the symbiotic algae greatly pertinent to the building of coral reefs,called zooxanthellae that live in coral tissues and require sunlight for photosynthesis.Apart fromtemperature,corals also require clear waters.This is partly because they need sunlight to support the algae that live within their tissues.They are also very sensitive to particles of mud or sediment setting on them,which means that corals uncommonly grow close to rivers or other sources of sediment.In the sea, light is filtered out by depth,so reef-building corals can only grow in relatively shallow water.Even in the clearest oceans few reef-building corals grow below a depth of80to100m(20 to328ft)Many reefs are found around islands,or quite far from land at the edge of continental shelves.The corals we know today first appeared about220million years ago,before the age of the dinosaurs.The first true coral reefs began to appear about 205million to210million years ago.3.Coral reefs take three principal forms-Fringing reef,barrier reefs and atolls.Fringing reefs occur along a rocky coastline where corals or coral remains extend outward from the shore and form an outermost line or ridge that runs parallel to the shore.After many centuries,the reef may potentially grow up to the sea surface.As marine creatures,the corals cannot grow above the surface.The shallowest part of the reef becomes quite level and is called the reef flat.Few corals can survive there.In fringing reefs the reef flat extends out all the way from the shore.Where the reef flat reaches the deeper water offshore,an area known as the reef crest forms where the waves break.From here the structure of the reef drops away into deeper water down the reef slope.In this area conditions remain good for coral growth, and the reef continues to grow both upward and outward.4.In certain conditions coral reefs develop far from the continents often about50meters,around small islands or toward the edge of the continental shelf.Here the reefs do not join up to the mainland,but grow upwards on all rge,elongated structures far offshore are called barrier reefs.They can be separated from the land by a lagoon.Some barrier reefs are more or less circular,surrounding and island,but larger barrier reefs,such as those along the Red Sea coast and the Great Barrier Reef of Australia,are complex linear feature consisting of chains of reef patches,some of them elongated into ribbon reefs.5.An unusual type of reef is the coral atoll.This si a large, shallow bank,with depression in the middle,typically ring-shaped.The British naturalist Charles Darwin correctly theorized how coral atolls are formed.Coral atolls begin as fringing reefs around active oceanic volcanoes.When the volcanic eruptions cease,an island remains.Over longgeological periods the island begins to sink.The fringing reef continues to grow as the island sinks.Soon what was a fringing reef around the shore becomes a barrier reef separated from the shrinking island by a deeper lagoon.After thousands of years, the volcanic island sinks completely below sea level,but the corals continue to grow,forming a circular coral reef,an atoll. 6.Scientists have now drilled considerable depths into coral atolls.In the Marshall Islands their drilling went through 1400m(4600ft)of limestone before reaching the volcanic rock below.Although it has not been growing continuously,the deepest limestone on this coral atoll was deposited by corals more than50million years ago.词汇：Pertinent相关的Photosynthesis光合作用Sediment沉淀物Filter过滤过滤器Fringe边缘边缘的Atoll环礁Ridge山脊脊状物Potentially潜在的可能的Lagoon环礁湖Elongated延长加长Questions1.In paragraph4,what is true about the geological feature for barrier reefsA They can be parted from the land by a lagoonB They cannot grow above the surface and is very flatC Charles Darwin talked about its formation in the early timeD They are separated from the landmass,so they cannot surround an island or along the continent in formation2.According to paragraph2,what is not mentioned as the appropriate living condition for Coral reefs?A Great amount of sedimentB Temperature less than29℃C Good Water qualityD Sallow salt water3Why did scientists drill the coral atolls mentioned in the paragraph6?(To prove the theory brought forth by Charles Darwin in the formation of this special reef)4According to the formation of atolls proposed by Charles Darwin,what is the sequence of the process?(from fringing reefs to barrier reef to a circular coral reef then become atoll)5.Why is the term“rainforests of the sea”mentioned in paragraph1?(the author use this as an example to demonstrate how coral reefs can be related to the creatures in the ecosystem)P2Mesoamerican architectureMesoamerican architecture is the set of architectural traditions produced by pre-Columbian cultures and civilizations of Mesoamerica,traditions which are best known in the form of public,ceremonial and urban monumental building and structures.The distinctive features of Mesoamerican architecture encompass a number of different regional and historical styles, which however are significantly interrelated.These styles developed throughout the different phases of Mesoamerican history as a result of the intensive cultural exchange between the different cultures of the Mesoamerican culture area through thousands of years.Mesoamerican architecture is mostly noted for its pyramids which are the largest such structures(outside of Ancient Egypt and the Chola Empire)One interesting and widely researched topic is the relation between cosmovision,religion,geography,and architecture inMesoamerica.Much seems to suggest that many traits of Mesoamerican architecture were governed by religious and mythological ideas.For example.The layout of most Mesoamerican cities seem to be influenced by cardinal directions and their mythological and symbolic meanings in Mesoamerican culture.Another part of Mesoamerican architecture is its iconography. The monumental architecture of Mesoamerica was decorated with images of religious and cultural significance,and also in may cases with writing in some of he Mesoamerican writing systems.Iconographic decorations and texts on buildings are important contributors to the overall current knowledge of pre-Columbian Mesoamerican society,history and religion.A surprising aspect of the great Mesoamerican structures is their lack of many advanced technologies that would seem to be necessary for such cking metal tools, Mesoamerican architecture required on thing in abundance; manpower.Yet,beyond this enormous requirement,the remaining materials seem to have been readily available.They most often utilized limestone,which remained pliable enough to be worked with stone tools while being quarried,and only hardened once when removed from its bed.In addition to thestructural use of limestone,much of their mortar consisted of crushed,burnt,and mixed limestone that mimicked the properties of cement and was used just as widely for stucco finishing as it was for mortar.However,later improvements in quarrying techniques reduced the necessity for this limestone-stucco as their stones began to fit quite perfectly,yet it remained a crucial element in some post and lintel roofs. Palaces and monumental structures tended to use granite as a base material as well which was usually polished after completion although Jade,Marble and even gold have been found in decorative sections or pyramids and other notable structures.In the case of the common houses,wooden poles, adobe,and thatch were the primary materials;however, instances of what appear to be common houses of limestone have been discovered as well.Buildings were typically finished with high slanted roofs similar to those found in Asian architecture usually built of wood or thatch although granite and limestone roofs in these high slant fashions are also used rarely 词汇Thatch茅草屋顶Granite花岗岩Pliable易弯曲的Enormous巨大的P3在冰冷的海下生存的生物一般人认为在高压冰冷的海底是没有生物的，或者只是存在一些体积小的生物。
托福4月机经补充
阅读第一套1. 关于水资源在农业上的利用,以一个古国为例,说过渡灌溉造成盐碱化的内容较多。
说以前耕种的灌溉方式,增加管道加宽了灌溉的面积,可是也因此容易造成水灾。
随着人口增加田地不足,因此朝着高地开发由于高地灌溉困难,最后好像是种某种植物增加土壤表面含水量借此来保持土壤水分。
2. 工业的发展:石油的提炼,还有提到一些原油提炼产生的副产品&价值。
3. 恐龙减亡(从地质方面讨论)大灭绝:65 亿年前的陨石冲撞造成地球上75%生物死亡，地表99%死亡,好像有提到有人认为陨石冲撞杀不死这么多生物,然后是说陨石冲撞造成尘土飞扬,遮住了阳光造成地球温度下降,最后提剩下25%如何生存之类的。
加试:1. 加拿大的农业和捕鱼业,还有捕捉那些长皮毛的动物。
讲为什么原来只有捕鱼业发达,后来大家都去买皮毛，结果大家多去捕捉长皮毛的动物了。
2. 油在不同温度下会出现哪几种形式。
4. 珊瑚礁第二套第一篇讲工业革命时期科学家的理论与发明家发明创造间的关系，大意是说发明东西的都是些没受过什么高等教育的人，如工匠等，有一个长期的误解是说这些人的发明收到科学家的指导，事实证明理论性的东西出现在发明之后。
又说当然科学也不是完全没有作用，在那个时代也起到一定的积极作用，具体几个作用记不清了（有题）。
最后说一些发明者像Watt等，还有一个S打头的人，虽然也进了皇家学会，但是都是在发明之后的事了。
第二篇美国电影发展1950年之前电影是给全家观赏的，1950年后开始变成给特定的观众群制作电影（有题1950 年前电影的特点）尤其是年轻人的科幻和动画等。
后面具体讲电影公司制作的不同类型电影。
然后将之后讲为了利益从限制少的一些欧洲国家进口的电影增多以在art house 播放的形式吸引了受过高等教育的人，最受欢迎的是英国电影，有一个例子，然后法国电影也还行第三篇海洋动物在向陆地发展的过程中是如何解决脱水问题的。
海洋生物血液海盐浓度和海水差不多，所以不容易发生脱水。
《13年4月GRE数学考试预测机经-李老师》
2013年4月13日GRE数学考试预测
李佳峰
老师简介：
环球北美考试院SAT首席培训师
高中毕业后赴英国留学，8年留学，工作经历，熟谙西方文化和高等教育体系。
国际金融学硕士。
低龄化留学倡导者，中国大陆第一批SAT培训师，倡导美国本科留学规划理念。
致力于帮助更多的中国优秀高中生进入美国著名大学。
本月预测重点：
两部分，每部分约20题，每部分35分钟(在屏幕一侧提供计算器软件)。
数学题型包括选择，填空两类。
考察难度不超过高中水平，对于大多数中国考生而言，GRE数学部分都属于送分部分。
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2013年4月托福阅读预测机经
从前到后，重要性降低。
越靠前，重要性越高。
1. Parents today spend too much time helping their children determine their children’s future. Children should be allowed to make their choices on their own.
2. Success is not the most important thing in one’s life. Remaining happy and optimistic when you fail is more important.
3. Government should support scientific research even the research has no practical use.
4. Having a low-paying but secure job is better than having a high-paying job that can be lost easily.
5. People should have hobbies and do physical activities that are very different from their work.
6. People who have developed many different kinds of skills are more successful than people who focus on only one skill.
7. The personal and work-related challenges that young people face today are not very difference from challenges that their parents and grandparents faced when they were young.
8. All high school students should take a basic economics course.
9. Sometimes, if you cannot say anything nice about someone, you’d better say nothing.
10. Printed books have greater effects on society than television does.
11. Some people believe that a school should spend money on improving cafeteria foods. Other people believe that a school should spend money on social activities for students after school. What is your opinion and why?
12. Nowadays it is easier to maintain good health than in the past.
13. A person’s job has more effects on his or her happiness than this person’s social life does.
14. To increase economic growth, government can neglect environment concerns.
15. It is impossible to be completely honest with your friend all the time.
16. Which of the following three factors contributes to an enjoyable vacation most? A. good food B. good location C. good friends with you.(2013年4月14日已考)
17. Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends? A. Joining a sports team. B. Participating in community activities C. Traveling.
18. The benefits that students can get from student organization or club activities are as many as they can get from their academic studies.
19. When you are assigned to finish writing about an important presentation in a month. Which way do you prefer? 1. To start working on it right away. 2. Wait until you have a good idea about it.
20. Nowadays students do not respect teachers as much as in the past.
21. People can learn more from watching television than by reading books.
22. Schools always collect information about teachers’ teaching performance and give rewards to those teachers who perform well. Which way do you think is more useful: 1. to evaluate teachers’ performance by students 2. to evaluate teachers’ performance by teachers?
23. Nowadays, neighbors depend on each less than people in the past.
24. There are too many strict rules in societies for young people.
25. Young people today are less dependent on their parents in making better decisions for their own life than the young people who were in the past.
26. When you are assigned to finish writing about an important presentation in a month. Which way do you prefer? 1. To start working on it right away. 2. Wait until you have a good idea about it.
27. Government should not offer artists like musicians, filmmakers any financial support
28. One can learn a lot about another person from the books and movies that person likes.
29. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Colleges or universities should offer students a better job preparation before they start working. Use specific reasons to support your answer.。