定语从句专项讲解细致导入
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新高一衔接班
第二课时定语从句【Atrributive Clause 】
Part one
导入
先听一首歌‘season in the sunshine, 这是为了纪念好友离世的歌曲,很温暖的曲
调
We had joy,we had fun,we had seasons in the sun,but the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time. 我们曾一起欢乐,我们曾一起嬉戏,我们曾拥有
的阳光中的四季,但是我们一起爬过的山已随四季流去。
好,言归正传,今天我们讲定语从句,你们初中已经学习过,但是我之前讲过高中的语法会比
初中难度增加。为了配合大家的节奏,我由简单到复杂。什么是定语从句?刚那句歌词就是定
语从句。
再看:June 是老师—June 是英语老师—June 是漂亮幽默的英语老师
你们敢说不对?
再看一句:这是一只狗---- 这是一只受伤的狗--- 这是一只左腿受伤的狗
继续继续:这房子很漂亮The house is very beautiful.
Lily 买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily is very beautiful.
Lily 去年在米易买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily last year in MY is very beautiful
The boy is Luhan The boy who is dacing is Luhan
唱小芳,谁会?:
村里有个姑娘叫小芳,长得好看又善良
There is a beautiful and kind girl whose name is Xiao Fang in the village
遥远的东方有一条龙,它的名字叫中国
In the far East, thers is a dragon whose name is China.
遥远的东方有一条河,它的名字叫黄河?
所以概念出来啦
一.定语从句及相关概念
定语就是修饰限定名词或代词的词语
定语从句(Attributive Clauses )就是复合句中具有修饰限定名词或者代词的句子,在整个
句中做定语。
被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出,关系词就是连接主句和从句的词语。
我们去我们之前的句子中找先行词和关系词!
再看看几个句子。走向复杂化
Is there anything that you(主)don't understand (谓)about the problem?
先行词关系代词(指代anything )定语从句(修饰anything ,意思为“关于
这个问题,你不明白的东西”)
Life is like a long race where we (主)compete with (谓)others (宾)to go beyond ourselves
)定语从句(修饰 a long race ,先行词关系副词(指代“介词+a long race ”
)
意思为“在这个长跑中,我们不断超越自己去竞争。”
Can you tell me the reason why you are late for school ?
先行词关系副词
所以发现如下规律
1. 先行词有两个特点: 名词、代词或者相关的短语,可以是人或者物】
2. 关系词的特点有:who, whom, that, which, whose ( 关系代词),where, when, why (关系副词);“谍中谍,替代主句中的某个名词或代词,充当从句的成分(主、宾、定、状、
补、表等)
3. 从句的特点:陈述语序,一般紧跟在所修饰的名词或者代词后面。
二.关系代词
指人指物在从句中成分作用
who yes 主语(做宾语可省略)
whom yes 宾语(可省略)
whose yes 定语=sb’sth./sth ’sth.
that which yes yes
yes
主语(做宾语可省)
主语(做宾语可省)
可省:The boy (whom/who/that) we saw yesterday was John ’s brother .
随手练习:
用that, who, which, whom 或whose 填空,并指出它们在句中作何成分。
例:I love the book which I bought yesterday. (宾语)
1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. (主语)
2. The girl whom/that/who I met is Lucy. (宾语)
3. A child whose parents are dead is called Tom. (定语)
4. I like the book which/that you bought yesterday. (宾语)
总结以后继续练习
5,The ones flatter me don ’t please me.
6, Don ’tell anyone about the news ought ’t to know it.
7, I met a foreigner in the street yesterday cound ask me question in Chinese. 8, There are many young men who are against him.
总结
Who/whom 用法:
1,在从句中,做主语,只能用who
2,做宾语,可以用who,whom
3,有介词,只能用whom: 介词+whom
Who/that 用法:一般通用,除了以下情况用who :
1,先行词是one, ones, anyone (3 ones )
2,先行词是those
3,There be 开头的句子
4,一个复杂句子里面有两个定语从句,一个用了that, 另外一个就用who
5,先行词有较长的后置定语的时候,用who
三, 定语从句的类型
That/which 的用法,一般是涉及到非限定性定语从句和限定性定语从句
(一)定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句:先行词在意义上是不可缺少的定语,若去掉,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。