天气与气候(原卷版)-2021年高考英语一轮复习能力拓展之概要写作

2021年高考英语能力拓展之概要写作12

天气与气候

1.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

In December 2018, The Guardian changed its wording-using ''global heating'' instead of ''global warming'' -after scientists found that Earth's temperature is set to rise from between 2.5C and 4.5C.There had been a goal to keep the rise within 2C.And on May 1, the UK parliament (议会) declared a ''climate emergency'', becoming the first parliament to do so.

It's true that ''global heating'' and ''climate emergency'' are – in terms of language – two simple phrases. But they send out plenty of messages.

If with ''global warming'' we're still inside our comfort zone of handling the situation, entering the state of ''global heating'' is like heading to a point where the delicate (微妙的) balance of nature is disturbed so much that there is no turning back. Everything will be changing: Coral will die, polar bears will lose their habitats completely, and extreme weathers like droughts and heavy storms will happen at a higher frequency. There is no denying that we're entering a ''climate emergency''.

''Decades ago when the science on the climate issue was first increasing, the impacts could be seen as an issue for future generations, '' but, as Katharine Mach, a Stanford University climate scientist, told The New York Times, now it's definitely our issue, ''a shift (变化) we all are living together''.

However, getting these messages through is far from enough. It depends on each and every one of us to find a solution – if there are any solutions left to find.

''We have no time to waste, '' said the UK's Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, according to the BBC.Corbyn urged that ''we take rapid and dramatic action now''.

Indeed, language matters. But action matters even more.

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2.阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Scottish summers set to keep getting warmer, study shows

Cold, wet summers could become a thing of the past in Scotland, according to a new study. Researchers from Edinburgh and Oxford universities and the Met Office, the UK’s official weather service, say that summer temperatures of 30°C could become common in the future because of climate change.

Climate change is long-term changes in the world’s weather patterns, including rising temperatures. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas), farming and cutting down forests are a major cause of changing weather patterns around the world. When fossil fuels are burned, for example, they release gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. These gases are called greenhouse gases. Their emissions contribute to climate change.

People experienced hot and dry conditions during a heatwave in the summer of 2018. The team found that climate change would lead to those conditions becoming more frequent in Scotland. Lead researcher Professor Simon Tett, from Edinburgh University, said that carbon dioxide emissions had to be cut around the world in order to prevent this from getting worse.

The study also looked into the direct effects of the unusual weather in 2018 on people, animals and landscapes in Scotland. Among these were a thirty per cent increase in demand for water, an increase in harmful insects such as flies and mosquitoes, and a fall in the amount of peas, potatoes, carrots and onions that were harvested. The populations of some types of birds declined because of a lack of water. There was also disturbance to trains because rails were bent by the heat.

Tett explained, “Despite its cool climate, Scotland must start to prepare now for the impact of high temperature extremes. The bottom line is that heatwaves have become more likely because of