Triton X-100溶液(10%)
免疫组化操作方法、原理、步骤以及常见问题处理大总结
免疫组化操作方法、原理、步骤以及常见问题处理大总结免疫组化操作方法、原理、步骤以及常见问题处理大总结1、方法操作不难，最大的难处是出现异常结果时如何解决？这就需要掌握免疫组化实验原理，每一步知道为什么这样做，这样你才敢大胆地改革先前的不对的方法步骤。
如抗体孵育条件主要是抗体浓度、温度、时间，这三者一般是相互成反比的（相对），其中浓度是最重要的先决条件，温度决定反应的速度、时间决定反应的量。
就拿温度来说，可以有4 度、室温、37度，我推荐4度最佳，反应最温和，背景较浅；而37度反应速度较快，时间较短；室温我不太提倡，除非你每次都把环境温度控制在一定的范围，否则，尽量选择前两者。
2、免疫组化最大的优势是定位和定性。
相比于其他蛋白检测方法，免疫组化具有定性灵敏度高、定位较直接准确，是定位检测分析首选方法。
尤其对于有些因子的转位研究十分有用。
3、免疫组化结果定量分析的前提是高质量的染色切片。
免疫组化结果也能定量分析，但必须是背景染色浅而特异性染色较深的情况下，分析最为准确，这种原则可能也是我们日常审稿时判定研究结果的必备条件。
4、免疫组化实验一定要设置阳性对照和阴性对照。
阳性对照一般是用肯定表达这种抗原的切片来做；阴性对照一般是用PBS或非一抗替代一抗来进行反应，其余步骤均一致。
前者是排除方法和实验系统有无问题；后者是排除有无一抗外的非特异性染色。
5、免疫组化的应用广泛，是当前实验研究的最重要方法之一。
如今发SCI论文时，明显感觉仅靠量化的数据来发文章很难，加一些形态学数据或图片，老外十分欢迎，可能是怕你学术造假吧。
当然也不能做假阳性或假阴性结果。
6、免疫组化技术掌握与否的鉴定标准是同一切片或不同切片中不同抗原均从摸索浓度或条件而做出优良的染色切片。
我在平时带教中就发现许多研究生把我已经摸索很成熟的反应条件、浓度、方法步骤，重复运用于同一性质的切片和同一种抗体，做出来后就觉得自己已经掌握了免疫组化方法，更换一种抗体后，居然连二抗的种属来源都拿错了。
Triton X-100 产品说明书
TRITON X-100Product Number X-100, T9284, T8787, T8532 Storage Temperature 25°CCAS #: 9002-93-1Synonyms: X-100; TRITON X-1001; Octylphenol ethylene oxide condensate 1Product DescriptionAppearance: Liquid, clear to slightly hazy, colorless to light yellowSpecific gravity: 1.065 at 25°C (approx. 1.07 g/mL)1 Approximate Molecular Weight: 6251;effective molarity =1.7 M for the neat liquid.1UV absorption: λmax = 275 nm (E 1% = 23.9) and 283 nm (E 1% = 19.4) in methanol 2Typical values:Viscosity (Brookfield): 240 cps at 25°C 1Cloud point (1% aqueous solution): 63-69°C 1 Pour point: 7°C 1pH (5% aqueous solution): 6.0 to 8.01 Calculated HLB value: 13.51Critical micelle concentration (CMC): 0.22 to 0.24 mM 3,4The structure of Triton X-100 is very similar to that of Igepal CA-630 (Sigma I3021) and of Nonidet P-40 (no longer commercially available); the names aresometimes reported as synonyms.5 However, Triton X-100 is slightly more hydrophilic than Igepal CA-630. The two are not considered to be functionally interchangeable in most applications.Triton X-100 is a nonionic detergent, 100% active ingredient, which is often used in biochemicalapplications to solubilize proteins. Triton X-100 has no antimicrobial properties.1 It is considered acomparatively mild non-denaturing detergent and isreported in numerous references. It does absorb in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum, so it can interfere with protein quantitation by absorption at A 280nm . A number of polymeric resins have been used to remove X-100 from solution, including Amberlite hydrophobic XAD resins 6 and Rezorian A161 cartridges.3The "Triton X" series of detergents are produced from octylphenol polymerized with ethylene oxide. Thenumber ("-100") relates only indirectly to the number of ethylene oxide units in the structure. X-100 has an"average of 9.5" ethylene oxide units per molecule, with an average molecular weight of 625.1,3 In addition, lower and higher mole adducts will be present in lesser amounts, varying slightly within supplier's standard manufacturing conditions. A by-product formed during the reaction is polyethylene glycol, a homopolymer of ethylene oxide. Acid is also added to the product to neutralize the product after the base catalyzed reaction is completed. No antioxidants are added by Sigma or the manufacturer, but commercial preparations of Triton X-100 have been found to contain peroxides up to 0.22% hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) equivalents,7 which may interfere with biological reactions. Sigma offers X-100-PC and X-100R-PC as alternatives. TritonX-100 absorbs in the UV spectrum at approximately the same wavelength as proteins (280 nm). Sigma offers two "reduced", i.e., hydrogenated forms, X-100-RS and X-100R-PC that have significantly lower absorbance in this region.4For lysing cells, typically about 0.1% X-100 solution in water will be sufficient, and even up to 0.5%concentrations will usually not harm most enzymes being isolated.3 Many enzymes remain active in the presence of X-100; for example, Proteinase K, remains active in 1% (w/w) solutions of X-100.8Triton X-100 can be detected in the parts per million range by spectrophotometric measurement of theconcentration of a Triton-ammonium-cobalt-thiocyanate complex.9 Interfering substances in this assay have been discussed.15(OCH 2CH 2)x OHCCH 2C H 3C CH 3CH 3CH 3CH 3x = 9-10For a given application, the choice of a suitable surfactant depends on a number of variables, from its solubility, polarity and micelle size to the mechanism of its action with the target solute. The literature contains numerous articles:10-13!Choice of detergent for solubilization of(erythrocyte) membranes10!Effect of hydrophile-lipophile balance on(cytochrome) membrane solubilization11!Mode of interaction of polyoxyethylene glycol detergents with membrane protein12!General background on surfactants and use in protein purification13Preparation InstructionsTriton X-100 is soluble in all proportions at 25°C in water, benzene, toluene, xylene, trichloroethylene, ethylene glycol, ethyl ether, ethanol, isopropanol, and ethylene dichloride.1 At 10% (v/v) in water, it gives a clear to slightly hazy solution, from clear to slightly yellow in appearance.3Solutions are stable to autoclaving. At certain concentrations the solutions may be cloudy but dispersible above the cloud point; they should clear with stirring upon cooling.14Storage/StabilityTriton X-100 is considered stable for years if stored sealed at room temperature. For special applications, storage under argon or nitrogen at 2-8°C may be preferred. References1. Supplier data (Triton X-100 is a product of UnionCarbide.)2. Wexler, A.S., Anal. Chem., 35, 1936-1943 (1963).3. Sigma data.4. Tiller, G.E. et al., Anal. Biochem., 141, 262 (1984).5. The Merck Index, 11th ed., #6681 (1989).6. Holloway, P.W., Anal. Biochem., 53, 304 (1973).7. Ashani, Y. and Catrovas, G.N., Anal. Biochem.,109, 55-62 (1980).8. Enzymes of Molecular Biology, M.M. Burrell, Ed.(Humana Press, NJ, 1993), p. 307.9. Supplier method, based on work by Crabb, N.T.and Persinger, H.E., J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 41,752-755 (1964) and Greff, R.A. et al., J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 42, 180-185 (1965).10. Grant, D.A. and Hjerten, S., Biochem. J., 164, 465-468 (1977).11. Slinde, E. and Flatmark, T., Biochem. Biophys.Acta, 455, 796-508 (1976).12. Le Maire, M. et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 129, 525-532(1983).13. Methods in Enzymology, 182, 239-282 (1990):reviews by Neugebauer, J.M., Hjelmeland, L.M.,etc.14. Supplier information.15. Goldstein, S. & Blecher, M., Anal. Biochem., 64,130-135, (1975).ckv 4/21/99Sigma brand products are sold through Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.Sigma-Aldrich, Inc. warrants that its products conform to the information contained in this and other Sigma-Aldrich publications. Purchaser must determine the suitability of the product(s) for their particular use. Additional terms and conditions may apply. Please see reverse side ofthe invoice or packing slip.。
曲拉通 Triton X-100说明书
曲拉通Triton X-100
货号：T8200
规格：100mL/500mL
保存：RT
有效期：2年
产品说明：
“曲拉通”系列洗涤剂是由与环氧乙烷聚合的辛基苯酚制成的。
曲拉通-100是一种非离子型表面活性剂，没有抗菌性能。
它被认为是一种相对温和的非变性活性剂，通常用于增溶蛋白质。
此外，它在紫外线区域有吸收光谱，因此会干扰蛋白质在A280nm处的吸收光谱。
对于裂解细胞，通常约0.1％的曲拉通-100水溶液就足够了，甚至高达0.5％的浓度通常也不会损害大多数分离的酶。
在X-100的存在下，许多酶仍然保持活性。
产品参数：
CAS：9002-93-1
英文名称：Triton x-100
别名：辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚;聚乙二醇对异辛基苯基醚;异辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚;乳化剂OP-10
分子式：C34H62O11
外观（性状）：无色粘稠液体
纯度：98%
注意事项：
1.我司生产的生化试剂如无特殊标注，基本为非无菌包装，若用于细胞实验，请提前做好预处理。
2.一旦配成溶液，请分装保存，避免反复冻融造成的产品失效。
3.产品信息仅供参考，如有疑问请致电400-968-6088咨询。
4.本产品仅供科研使用。
请勿用于医药、临床诊断或治疗，食品及化妆品等用途。
请勿存放于普
通住宅区。
5.为了您的安全和健康，请穿好实验服并佩戴一次性手套和口罩操作。
相关产品：
T8210曲拉通Triton X-114。
Triton x-100
聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚又名：OP-10 乳化剂OP—10 英文化学名：Emulsifier OP-10 组成：烷基酚与环氧乙烷的缩合物，属于非离子型表面活性剂。
质量技术指标：外观：白色及乳白色糊状物溶解性：易溶于水PH值（1%水液）：6—7 HLB值：14.5 浊点：61—67℃产品特征：具有优良的匀染、乳化、润湿、扩散，抗静电性能产品用途：1、在合纤工业中做为油剂的单体，显示乳化性能，抗静电性能，在合纤短纤维混纺纱浆料中做柔软剂。
可提高浆膜的平滑性和弹性，该乳液对胶体有保护作用2、用作羊毛低温染色新工艺的匀染剂。
在农药、医药、橡胶工业用作乳化剂，建筑行业可作为乳化沥清的乳化剂，又是金属水基清洗剂的重要组成之一。
3、在洗涤剂行业是洗涤剂的主要成分，起去油作用。
4、在金属表面技术行业，用作镀锡光亮剂的载体，帮助主光亮剂的溶解并提高阴极极化。
参考价：13500.00元每吨Triton X-100目录简介130% Triton X-100的配制试剂1配制方法应用展开编辑本段简介Triton X-100(聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚) 是一种非离子型表面活性剂（或称去污剂）。
分子量为646.86（C34H62O11）。
它能溶解脂质，以增加抗体对细胞膜的通透性。
免疫细胞化学中Triton X-100常用浓度为1%和0.3%，其中1%的Triton X-100常用于漂洗组织标本，0.3%的Triton X-100则常用于稀释血清，配制BSA等。
但通常是先配制成30%的Triton X-100储备液，临用时稀释至所需浓度。
Triton X-100 浓缩物由SPI Supplies供应，应用领域遍及电子和光学显微镜、组织学、清洁剂。
分子式: C14H22O(C2H4O)n 乙烯氧基单位平均值为每分子9或10 CAS NO: 9002-93-1 同义词: 辛基苯酚、聚氧乙烯辛基苯基醚外观: 液体可溶解于: 水、乙烷基异丙醇、甲苯、二甲苯和多数含氯溶液pH值6.0至8.0 ;5%的水溶液.编辑本段30% Triton X-100的配制试剂Triton X-100 28.2ml 0.1mol/L PBS(pH=7.3)或0.05mol/l TBS(pH=7.4) 72.8ml配制方法取Triton X-100及PBS（或TBS）混合，置37℃～40℃水浴中2～3h，使其充分溶解混匀。
Rocktron Bass100 Bass Amplifier 说明书
Instruction ManualCopyright © 2005 GHS CorporationAll Rights Reserved.SpecificationsO UTPUTS PEAKERW EIGHTD IMENSIONSI NPUT I MPEDANCEH EADPHONE I MPEDANCEL INE OUTPUT JACKEQE FFECTS L OOP 100 Watts Custom 15” Speaker (8 Ohms) Custom Tweeter 58.5 lbs, 26.6KGs 23”(H) x 20.5”(W) x 17.5”(D)584mm (H) x 521mm (W) x 445mm (D)1M 32 Ohms or greater (600 Ohms for best results)1/4”4-band Y esPrecautionsNOTE: IT IS VERY IMPORTANT THAT YOU READ THIS SECTION TO PROVIDE YEARS OF TROUBLE FREE USE. THIS UNIT REQUIRES CAREFUL HANDLING.•All warnings on this equipment and in the operating instructions shouldbe adhered to and all operating instructions should be followed.•Do not use this equipment near water. Care should be taken so thatobjects do not fall and liquids are not spilled into the unit through anyopenings.•The power cord should be unplugged from the outlet when left unusedfor a long period of time.DO NOT ATTEMPT TO SERVICE THIS EQUIPMENT. THIS EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE SERVICED BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY. DO NOT MAKE ANY INTERNAL ADJUSTMENTS OR ADDITIONS TO THIS EQUIPMENT AT ANY TIME. DO NOT TAMPER WITH INTERNAL ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AT ANY TIME. FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS MAY VOID THE WARRANTY OF THIS EQUIPMENT, AS WELL AS CAUSING SHOCK HAZARD.OPERATING TEMPERA TUREDo not expose this unit to excessive heat. This unit is designed to operate between 32° F and 104° F (0° C and 40° C). This unit may not function properly under extreme temperatures.Input Jacks - HIGH & LOWUsing a standard guitar cable with a 1/4” jack - plug your bass into either jack. Select theHIGH input for added “gain” or the LOW input for a smoother - softer gain structure.GAIN ControlThe control adjusts the overall “GAIN” or distortion of the signal.TREBLE ControlThis controls adjust the “high” frequencies of the sound.MIDDLE - FREQUENCY & LEVEL ControlsThe FREQUENCY control knob adjusts the midrange EQ sweep. The LEVEL control willadjust the overall output of the frequency. This is a very useful feature which will allow you todial in all sorts of tones!BASS ControlThis control adjusts the low-end frequency of the signal.MASTER VOLUME ControlThis control adjusts the overall output of the amplifier.LINE OUT JackUse this jack for recording, direct to a PA system, or to a power amplifierHEADPHONE JackThis 1/4” jack is used to connect to stereo headphones. Plugging into this automatically mutesthe speaker. This can also be used for direct recording as well in situations where you want tomute the speaker while recording.POWER - On/Off SwitchThis turns the amplifier on and off. When the switch is “lit” then the amplifier is “on”.123456789Front PanelPower Cable ConnectionUsing the included power cable connect the amplifier to a standard walloutlet. See”Fuse Replacement” section for details on how to replace the fuse.Effects Loop JacksThese 1/4” jacks allow you to plug into outboard effects units.Return/CD InputPlug the output of the effects unit into this jack. This 1/4” jacks allowsyou to plug a CD player into the amplifier so that you can jam alongwith songs.Send JackUsing a standard instrument cable with 1/4” jacks - plug this into theinput of the effects unit.123Back PanelFuse ReplacementWe recommend that you use an authorized repair person to change the fuse in this unit.To access the fuse, first power down the unit and unplug the cable from the wall outlet and the amplifier. Using a small screw driver, open the fuse tray by prying open the small tab as shown in the drawing above.Please note that the tray will not come all of the way out.Remove the old fuse and replace with a comparable new fuse and close the tray being sure that the tray snaps into positionAC 117V 50/60 HZFuse T1A 250VAC 230V 50/60 HZFuse T500mA 250VOther Rocktron ProductsRack Gear:Gainiac 2(preamp w/12ax7 tube) Xpression (multi-effects processor) Blue Thunder (bass preamp w/multi-effects) Voodu Valve (preamp w/12ax7 tube and multi-effects) Prophesy (our top of the line preamp with multi-effects) HUSH Super C (guitar noise silencing system)Velocity 100 (2x50W Stereo Power Amp for Guitar)Stomp Boxes:Rampage Distortion, T sunami Chorus, A ustin Gold Overdrive, V ertigo Vibe Rotating Vibe Pedal,HUSH The Pedal, Sonic Glory Overdrive, Short Timer Digital Delay,Big Crush Compressor, Deep Blue ChorusSilver Dragon Tube Distortion Pedal, Metal Planet Distortion,Pulse Tremolo, Hypnotic Flange,X-Tune Tuner Pedal, Black Cat Moan Wah Pedal,Banshee Talk Box, Nitro Booster/EnhancerDC OnTap - DC Power supply for Stomp BoxesDC OnTap Cable Package - extra cables to power other stomp boxes.Foot Controllers:MIDI Mate (Midi Foot Controller) MIDI XChange(MIDI Footcontroller)All Access (Midi Foot Controller )HEX (Expression Pedal)RMM900(7-pin Din MIDI Cable) RM4 (MIDI Controller for Vendetta amps)RFS1 and RFS2 (Single and Double Latching Footswitches for Rampage Amps)Electric Guitar - Acoustic Guitar and Bass Amplifiers:Vendetta Head(100 W Head 4-Channels All Tube - MIDI Switchable)Vendetta Combo (100W 2x12 Combo Celestion 90s all Tube4-Channel MIDI Switchable)R80DSP (80W 1x12 Amp w/Digital Effects)RT80 (80W 1x12 Amp w/Reverb & Built-in Tuner)R120DSP (120W 2x10 Amp w/Digital Effects)RT122C (120W 2x12 Amp w/Stereo Chorus, Reverb & Chromatic Tuner)R50DSP (50 Watt 2x8"Guitar Amp w/Digital Effects)R50C (50 Watt 2x8"Guitar Amp w/Reverb & Chorus)R20 (20 Watt 1x8"Amp w/Reverb)R10 (10 Watt 1x6.5")Bass20 (Bass Amp 20W with 8" Speaker)Bass30 (Basss Amp 30W with 10" Speaker)Bass60 (Bass Amp 60W with 12" Speaker)Bass100 (Basss Amp 100W with 15" Speaker)Rocktron - A Division of GHS Corporation 2813 Wilber AveBattle Creek MI 49015USATel: 1-249-968-3351Fax: 1-249-968-6913(8am to 5pm Eastern Standard Time) Rev. 080105。
(整理)表面活性剂的相关知识
表面活性剂表面活性剂是一种功能性精细化工产品。
表面活性剂不仅有洗涤去污作用而且有润湿、分机乳化、增溶、起泡、柔软、抗静电、杀菌等多种性能，因此以表面活性剂为主要成分的清洗剂在民用清洗和工业清洗中都得到广泛应用。
表面活性剂的有关概念一、表面张力与表面活性剂1．表面与表面张力按物理化学定义，在体系内部物理性质与化学性质完全均匀的一部分称为相。
相与相之恫的接触面称为界面。
在固、液、气相之间都存在界面。
由于两种气体之间可以任意互相扩散成均匀一相，因此不存在气—气界面，液体与液体以及液体与固体之间可以存在液-液和液-固界面，两种固体接触也可形成固—固界面，但通常习惯上将气体与固体以及气体与液体之间的界面称为表面。
物体相界向上的分子与相内郡分子受力情况是不同的。
卧7-1是描述水分子受力情况的示意图。
由图可以看出，在水相内部，水分子(a)受到周围水分子的吸引力是平衡的，而在水与空气界面上的水分子(b)受到空气的吸弓[力要比受到水时吸引力小得多。
因此表面层的水分子处于受力不平衡的状态；受到一种指向相内部的拉力使表面收缩。
把这种作用于相表面而指向相内部的表面紧缩力称为表面张力。
表面张力是物质的一种属性，不同的物质有不同的表面张力，常见的液体物质中水有较大的表面张力，而苯、四氯化碳、正辛烷、乙醇、乙醚、丙酮等有机溶剂表面张力较小，见表5—1。
图7—1 表面分子与内部，分子受力情况不同2．表面活性剂定义将不同性质的物质分别溶于水时，发现水的表面张力会发生变化，一种情况是水的表面张力随溶质浓度的增加而加大，如将氯化钠、氢氧化钾、硝酸钾等无机物以及蔗糖、甘露醇有机物溶于水时所见到的情况；另一种是水的表面张力随溶质的加入而逐渐减小，如把绝大多数醇、醛、脂肪酸等有机物溶于水时的情况；第三种情况是水的表面张力在稀溶液时随溶质浓度的增加而急剧下降，下降至一定程度后便缓慢下来或不再下降，如在水中加入肥皂，烷基苯磺酸盐的情况。
把物质能使溶剂表面张力降低的性质称为表面活性；第三类物质为非表面滑睦物质，而把具有表面活性的第三类物质称为表面活性剂，即表面活性剂为—类在溶液中浓度很低时就可以显著降低溶剂表面张力的物质。
triton x-100
TRITON™ X-100 SurfactantChemical DescriptionName: Octylphenol EthoxylateSurfactant Type: NonionicBenefits•Excellent detergent•Dispersant & emulsifier for oil-inwater systems•Effective performance across a broad temperature range•Excellent wetting agent•Readily biodegradableApplications•Household & industrial cleaners•Paints & coatings•Pulp & paper•Oilfield•Textile•Agrochemicals•Metalworking fluidsTypical Physical PropertiesThese properties are typical but do not constitute specifications.Actives, wt% 100Cloud Point1 66HLB2 13.4Moles EO 9.5pH, 5% aq solution 6Pour point3 1liquidAppearance4 PaleyellowViscosity at 25°C (77°F), cP 240Density at 25°C (77°F), g/mL 1.061Flash Pt, Closed Cup, ASTM D93 251°C 485°F1 Cloud point: °C, 1 wt% actives aqueous solution2 HLB Range: <10 w/o emulsifier, > 10 o/w emulsifier, 10-15 good wetting, 12-15 detergents3 Pour point: °C4 Appearance at 25°CTypical Performance PropertiesCMC5 189 Surface Tension6 33Foam Height7 128/107 Draves 25 sec wetting conc, wt% at 25°C (77°F) 0.065 Critical Micelle Concentration: ppm at 25°C6 Surface tension: dynes/cm at 1% actives, 25°C7 Ross-Miles foam height: mm at 0.1 wt% actives, 25°C, initial / 5 minuteSolubility and Compatibility•Soluble in water•Miscible in most polar organic solvents & aromatic hydrocarbons•Insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbons•Chemically stable in most acidic & alkaline solutions•Compatible with anionic, cationic, and other nonionic surfactantsNotice: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental enactments. Seller assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.These suggestions and data are based on information we believe to be reliable. They are offered in good faith, but without guarantee, as conditions and methods of use of our products are beyond our control. We recommend that the prospective user determine the suitability of our materials and suggestions before adopting them on a commercial scale.Suggestions for uses of our products or the inclusion of descriptive material from patents and the citation of specific patents in this publication should not be understood as recommending the use of our products in violation of any patent or as permission or license to use any patents of The Dow Chemical Company.®™* Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ("Dow")or an affiliated company of Dow Form No. 119-01882-1207。
triton-X100的性质和用途
Triton X-100是一种非离子型去垢剂分子式：C14H22O(C2H4O)n用途：Triton X-100是一种比较温和的去垢剂（表面活性剂或称界面活性剂），常作为添加剂使蛋白保持稳定，尤其是膜蛋白。
性质：1. Triton X-100对细菌等微生物没有杀伤作用。
2. Triton X-100在紫外波段下有光吸收（lambda max = 275 nm and 283 nm in methanol），因此，当缓冲液中存在Triton X-100时不能通过测定280nm光吸收来进行蛋白定量。
3. Triton X-100常与CHAPS等zwitterionic 去垢剂一起使用来纯化膜蛋白，使膜蛋白保持其天然构象。
4.TritonX-100可以提高真核细胞膜的通透性，因此在Immunostaing时常使用含0.1%-0.5%Triton X-100的PBS或TBS。
5. Triton X-100非常稳定，密封避光+2 to +8℃条件下可以长期保存。
6.Triton X-100是透明，略显粘稠，稍微发黄的液体。
7. Triton X-100的密度为1.07 g/ml，pH6.0-8.0（5%的溶液）。
8. Triton X-100可以高压灭菌。
9.用Triton X-100来裂解细胞时，0.1% Triton X-100就足够了，不过，达到0.5%时也没问题。
10.蛋白酶K在含1% Triton X-100的溶液中依然保持活性。
11.可以使用Amberlite hydrophobic XAD resins and Rezorian A161cartridges 来去除Triton X-100。
有关去垢剂：去垢剂(又称表面活性剂)是一类即具有亲水基又具有疏水基的物质，一般具有乳化、分散、和增溶作用，可分阴离子、阳离子和中性去垢剂等多种类型，中性去垢剂在蛋白提取中应用的较多。
A．中性去垢剂又称非离子表面活性剂，对蛋白质的变性作用影响较少，宜于蛋白质或酶提取之用。
Triton X-100溶液(10%,无菌)
北京雷根生物技术有限公司
Triton X-100溶液(10%,无菌)
简介：
Triton X-100又称曲拉通100或聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚，是一种非离子型表面活性剂（或称去污剂）,分子量为646.86，CAS 号为9002-93-1。
它能溶解脂质，以增加抗体对细胞膜的通透性，免疫细胞化学中Triton X-100常用浓度为1%和0.3%，其中1%的Triton X-100常用于漂洗组织标本，0.3%的Triton X-100则常用于稀释血清。
Leagene Triton X-100溶液(10%,无菌)主要由Triton X-100、去离子水等组成，经无菌处理，常用作去污剂或破膜剂。
该试剂仅用于科研领域，不宜用于临床诊断或其他用途。
组成：
操作步骤(仅供参考)：
1、按实验具体要求操作。
2、该试剂浓度较高，一般稀释至0.1%-1%后使用。
注意事项：
1、 注意无菌操作，避免细菌等污染。
2、 温度较冷时，有可能产生絮状无或者结晶，应25-37℃温浴至完全溶解。
有效期： 3个月有效。
相关：
编号 名称 R00283 Storage Triton X-100溶液(10%,无菌) 100ml 4℃ 使用说明书 1份
编号 名称 DC0032
Masson 三色染色液 NR0001
DEPC 处理水(0.1%) TC0699
葡植物总糖和还原糖检测试剂盒(硝基水杨酸法) TC1167 尿素(Urea)检测试剂盒(脲酶波氏比色法)。
Victory V100 电子吉他头产品说明书
VICTORY V100 User Guide• Do not use this amplifier near water or any other liquid• Do not block an y openings• Do not attempt to clean the amplifier with any fluids: use only a dry clothDo not attempt to modify or service this product yourselfRemoving covers could mean you are exposed to dangerous voltages that may result in severe injury or deathRefer all servicing to qualified service personnel• Damage Requiring Service: Unplug this product from the wall outlet and refer servicing to qualified service personnel under the following conditions:(a) When the power-supply cord or plug is damaged;(b) If liquid has been spilled, or objects have fallen into the product;(c) If the product has been exposed to rain or water;(d) If the product does not operate normally by following the operating instructions. Adjust only those controls that are covered by the operating instructions. Improper adjustment of other controls may result in damage and will often require extensive work by a qualified technician to restore the product to its normal operation;(e) If the product has been dropped or damaged in any way;(f) When the product exhibits a distinct change in performance - this indicates a need for service. Replacement Parts: When replacement parts are required, be sure the service technician uses replacement parts specified by the manufacturer or have the same characteristics as the original part. Unauthorized substitutions may result in fire, electric shock, or other hazards.InputPlug your guitar in here!Channel switchThe V100 has two channels that you can switch between using this front-panel toggle, or a remote footswitch plugged into the Channel/Boost footswitch socket.Clean channelThe clean channel is indicated by a green LED channel indicator next to the gain control.Clean GainThis adjusts the input sensitivity. Use low settings for maximum clean headroom and higher settings when you want to introduce more natural valve overdrive to your tone.Balancing your input gain level with your master volume level is crucial in delivering the tone and feel that works best for you.Clean TrebleControls the high frequency content of your sound in the clean channel and is also a powerful tone shaper when it comes to overdrive character.Clean MiddleControls the midrange frequencies in your sound in the clean channel. Run the middle control higher to help cut through a band mix, or generally fatten and ‘widen’ your sound. Run it lower for a lighter, less -your-face’ kind of sound.Clean BassControls the low frequency content of your sound in the clean channel. Higher levels of bass can be goodControls the low frequency content of your sound in the overdrive channel. It’s well worth experimenting with getting your preferred settings of bass and resonance together: they both affect low-end response in different ways.Overdrive MiddleControls the midrange frequencies in your sound in the overdrive channel. Mid frequencies are a crucial, defining factor with overdriven tones so spend some time getting to understand how this control interacts with the bass and treble pots for your optimum EQ balance.Overdrive TrebleControls the high frequency content of your sound in the clean channel and is also a powerful tone shaper when it comes to overdrive character.Overdrive VolumeEach channel has its own volume control, as well as the extra dual master volumes. Use this one to balance the volume level of the overdrive channel to taste when switching between channels and modes.Overdrive ReverbThe V100 features independent reverb controls for each channel. Adjust to taste for the overdrive channel. The reverb is also footswitchable on/off.Master control section – these 4 controls are not channel dependent.Master 1 & 2switch to ON. To extend valve life, the amplifier can be switched to ‘Standby’ when not being played. REAR PANELVoltage selectorSelects the correct mains voltage for your territory. Please refer to a qualified technician before even thinking about moving this switch. If you do find yourself in foreign climes where the mains voltage is different to home, (and the water tastes funny), it will be necessary to switch this selector. The mains fuse must always be changed at the same time. Failure to do this will result in either the mains fuse blowing as soon as the amp is turned on or the amp running with a fuse that is of too higher value to provide adequate safety protection. Generally, the fuse value will double if the mains voltage is halved, (i.e. if it’s a 2A f use in the UK @ 230V, it will needs to be a 4A fuse for the USA @ 115V).Always use the correct rating and type of fuse. Victory amplifiers exclusively use UL-approved 20x5mm ‘T’ or ‘Timed’ fuses. If you have difficulty acquiring the correct fuses, please contact Victory using ************************.uk.Mains inlet, (IEC Socket)Please only use the correct mains cord for your territory!PLEASE NOTE: The lightning flash with arrowhead symbol, within an equilateral triangle, is intended to alert the user to the presence of uninsulated ‘dangerous voltage’ within the product’s enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock. Terminals labelled as “Speaker Outputs” must be connected to a speaker cabinet of the designated load rating using an un-shielded two conductor cable for speaker use at all times during operation. Never use a guitar cable to connect the amplifier to a speaker as thi s presents the amplifier with a ‘capacitive load’. This can cause instability or oscillation which may seriously damage valves and/or the expensive output transformer.The output transformer in the V100 has 3 separate secondary windings; a 4 Ohm, an 8 Ohm and a 16 Ohm. This makes it easy to connect many different combinations of speakers. There are five speaker output jacks: 2 x 4 ohms, (wired in parallel), 2 x 8 ohms, (wired in parallel) and 1 x 16 ohms.So here are all the possible combinations:For a single 4 Ohm cabinet, use either of the 4 Ohm sockets.For a single 8 Ohm cabinet, use either of the 8 Ohm sockets.For a single 16 Ohm cabinet, use the 16 Ohm socket.For a pair of 8 Ohm cabinets, use both of the 4 Ohm socketsFor a pair of 16 Ohm cabinets, use both of the 8 Ohm sockets.OUTPUT VALVE FUSES and LED’sThe two panel mounted fuse holders protect each pair of output valves as labelled.will switch over when the Channel is switched. With Auto Assign ‘ON’, LOOP 1 is for Channel 1 and LOOP 2 is for Channel 2.This is so you can have a different bank of effects for each channel.However, if Auto Assign is switched ‘OFF’ then use the dual footswitch provided to change from FX loop 1 to FX loop 2. Please note, in the Auto Assign OFF mode, one of the FX loops will always be on & all the footswitch is able to do is toggle between Loop 1 & 2. To create a situation where you can turn off the FX loop, we suggest only using FX in loop 1 & leaving FX loop 2 empty. This way, by toggling between FX loop 1 & 2 you essentially are switching FX loop 1 on & off.External switching jacks, (Footswitch sockets)Effect Loop 1/2:Connect a 2 way latching footswitch here to select Loops 1 and 2Channel / Boost:Connect 2 way latching footswitch here to change Channels and engage/disengage the overdrive channel Boost function.Master Volume / Reverb: Connect a 2 way latching footswitch here to select between Master 1 and Master 2, and also turn the Reverb on and off.Amplifier Dimensions:SIZE (mm): 660(w) x 260(h) x 260(d) Unboxed 760(w) x 360(h) x 360(d) BoxedWeight: 25,7Kgs Unboxed 27.7Kgs BoxedWarrantyAll Victory products come with a 5 year limited warranty. This covers any defects in manufacturing or faulty components. Valves and speakers are warrantied for 90 days from the purchase date but replacement parts will be at our discretion. Please contact your local dealer if you have any issues with your Victory product.A note from Team VictoryWe’ve built your Victory Amplifier as a professional, no-compromise musical instrument, with a great deal of pride and an absolute commitment to tone. We encourage you to learn to get to know it by experimenting with all the controls, in order to discover its vast array of tonal combinations.Thank you for making your tones with us: we wish you many years of achieving inspiring sounds to push your playing ever onwards.。
Pluronic F-127说明书
碧云天生物技术/Beyotime Biotechnology 订货热线：400-168-3301或800-8283301 订货e-mail ：******************技术咨询：*****************网址：碧云天网站 微信公众号Pluronic F-127产品编号 产品名称包装 ST501-0.1g Pluronic F-127 (无菌) 10%×1ml ST501-1g Pluronic F-127 1g ST501-10g Pluronic F-127 10g ST501-100gPluronic F-127100g产品简介：Pluronic F-127，也被称为Poloxamer 407，即Polyethylene-polypropylene glycol ，是一种聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚三嵌段共聚物，中文名为泊洛沙姆、聚醚或聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯，分子式为H(C 2H 4O)x (C 3H 6O)y (C 2H 4O)z OH ，分子量约为12.6kD ，熔点约56ºC ，CAS Number 9003-11-6。
本产品为细胞培养级别，进口分装。
Pluronic 是BASF 所持有的商标。
Pluronic F-127是一种新型的高分子非离子型表面活性剂，常用于增强染料的水溶性，提高脂溶性染料的细胞通透性。
此外，Pluronic F-127也常用于分离膜蛋白、处理材料表面以改变其特性，例如降低材料表面的蛋白或细胞的非特异性吸附等。
本产品的固体包装为白色粉末，可溶于水或DMSO 。
液体包装为经过滤除菌的10%(w/v)的水溶液，可以直接用于细胞实验。
Pluronic F-127可以配制成10%的水溶液，也可以配制成20%的DMSO 溶液。
溶解过程需要在40-50ºC 加热约30分钟，溶解后宜室温保存，不宜冷藏或冷冻。
如果发现有结晶析出，可以在37-50ºC 加热溶解。
Triton X-100
Triton X-100 (曲拉通X-100) 化学名称为聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚，是一种优异的表面活化剂、润湿及洗涤剂。
1、在免疫组织化学(厚切片) 和免疫细胞化学中，Triton X-100 被用来做细胞破膜剂/细胞通透剂，即在细胞膜上打孔，可以溶解细胞膜上的脂质而使抗体及大分子结构的物质进入胞浆内，这样抗体就能进入内与相关的抗原结合了。
2、Triton X-100一般在阻断缓冲液中或稀释缓冲液中使用，基本不用做洗液。
使用浓度0.2%。
较厚的石蜡切片更应该应用Triton X-100，这样可以获得更好的染色背景。
3、在PBS中加入0.2%-0.5%的Triton X-100，可以使片子冲洗更充分，特别是一抗孵育后使用，可以降低背景。
做细胞爬片的免疫组化时，需要在细胞膜上打孔要用到Triton X-100，可以用0.1%Triton X-100(用0.1%柠檬酸三钠缓冲液配制)破膜。
内源生物素含量较高的组织切片做免疫组化，当一抗孵育后可以在PBS中加入0.2%-0.5%的Triton X-100进行洗涤，这样能降低背景。
0.1％浓度，4度预冷的。
作用时间为10分钟用Triton－X100就可以破膜对于抗原表达在胞浆，可以用0。
1％的triton20分钟，不要时间长,免得抗原外溢,如果是0.3%,时间放短也可以,具体的时间还要根据自己的具体情况摸一下. 免疫组化的玻片准备,一般是先用洗衣粉将玻片洗净.流水冲洗干净,泡酸48小时,然后流水冲洗,洗净,放于蒸馏水中洗三次,然后于无水酒精洗片,将玻片放置于铝饭盒中,烤箱80度烤干,冷却后用多聚或APES处理,烤干即可.1 将已消毒的20mm盖玻片置于90mm培养皿中，按2*104/ml的细胞密度将细胞接种于培养皿中进行细胞爬片，5天后进行免疫细胞组织化学染色鉴定。
2 PBS清洗标本3次各1 min。
3 冰丙酮固定15 min。
4 空气干燥5min。
5 PBS清洗标本3次各2 min。
Triton X-100溶液(1%)
北京雷根生物技术有限公司
Triton X-100溶液(1%)
简介：
Triton X-100又称曲拉通100或聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚，是一种非离子型表面活性剂（或称去污剂）,分子量为646.86，CAS 号为9002-93-1。
它能溶解脂质，以增加抗体对细胞膜的通透性，免疫细胞化学中Triton X-100常用浓度为1%和0.3%
Leagene Triton X-100溶液(1%)主要由Triton X-100、去离子水等组成，未经无菌处理，常用作去污剂或破膜剂。
该试剂仅用于科研领域，不宜用于临床诊断或其他用途。
组成：
操作步骤(仅供参考)：
1、按实验具体要求操作。
注意事项：
1、注意无菌操作，避免细菌等污染。
2、温度较冷时，有可能产生絮状无或者结晶，应25-37℃温浴至完全溶解。
有效期：3个月有效。
相关：编号
名称R00280
Storage Triton X-100溶液(1%)
100ml 4℃使用说明书1份编号
名称DC0032
Masson 三色染色液DF0135
多聚甲醛溶液(4%PFA)NR0001
DEPC 处理水(0.1%)TC0699
葡植物总糖和还原糖检测试剂盒(硝基水杨酸法)TC1167尿素(Urea)检测试剂盒(脲酶波氏比色法)。
triton-X100的性质和用途
分子式：C14H22O(C2H4O)n用途：Triton X-100是一种比较温和的去垢剂（表面活性剂或称界面活性剂），常作为添加剂使蛋白保持稳定，尤其是膜蛋白。
性质：1. Triton X-100对细菌等微生物没有杀伤作用。
2. Triton X-100在紫外波段下有光吸收（lambda max = 275 nm and 283 nm in methanol），因此，当缓冲液中存在Triton X-100时不能通过测定280nm光吸收来进行蛋白定量。
3. Triton X-100常与CHAPS等zwitterionic 去垢剂一起使用来纯化膜蛋白，使膜蛋白保持其天然构象。
X-100可以提高真核细胞细胞膜的通透性，因此在Immunostaining时常使用含%%Triton X-100的PBS或TBS。
5. Triton X-100非常稳定，密封避光+2 to +8℃条件下可以长期保存。
X-100是透明，略显粘稠，稍微发黄的液体。
7. Triton X-100的密度为1.07 g/ml，（5%的溶液）。
8. Triton X-100可以高压灭菌。
9. 用Triton X-100来裂解细胞时，% Triton X-100就足够了，不过，达到%时也没问题。
10. 蛋白酶K在含1% Triton X-100的溶液中依然保持活性。
11. 可以使用Amberlite hydrophobic XAD resins and Rezorian A161 cartridges 来去除Triton X-100 。
有关去垢剂：去垢剂(又称表面活性剂)是一类即具有亲水基又具有疏水基的物质，一般具有乳化、分散、和增溶作用，可分阴离子、阳离子和中性去垢剂等多种类型，中性去垢剂在蛋白提取中应用的较多。
A．中性去垢剂又称非离子表面活性剂，对蛋白质的变性作用影响较少，宜于蛋白质或酶提取之用。
一般市售中性去垢剂有聚乙二醇类，如PEG200；多元醇类表面活性剂，如山梨醇、司盘类和吐温类；聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚，如苄泽类、平平加类；聚氧乙烯烷基苯酚醚，如Igepal CO、乳化剂OP、Triton、Pluronic(用作消泡剂、润湿剂、增溶剂)、泡敌。
曲拉通X-100溶液10%（V V）产品说明书
Website: Email:******************ECOTOP SCIENTIFIC (Guangzhou)Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.
Triton X-100溶液,10%（V/V ）使用说明书
【包装规格】产品编号
产品名称包装ES-8093Triton X-100Solution ,10%(V/V)100ml/500ml
使用说明书
1份【保存条件】
室温密封阴凉干燥保存，有效期1年
【概述】
曲拉通X-100为无色或几乎无色透明粘稠液体。
能溶于水、甲苯、二甲苯和乙醇，不溶于石油醚。
用于气相色谱固定液（最高使用温度190℃,溶剂为丙酮、氯仿、二氯甲烷、甲醇）分离分析烃类化合物、含氧化合物（醇、酯、酮）、碱性和中性。
用途广泛的非离子表面活性剂，在温和的变性条件下用于恢复膜组分。
本产品为10%(V/V)Triton X-100溶液，请根据需要选择合适的浓度。
【注意事项】
1.仅限于科研使用，不可用于各种食品药品或临床治疗中。
2.为了您的安全与健康，请穿实验服并戴一次性手套操作。
3.有刺激性。
若吸入、摄入或者皮肤吸收，对人体有害。
使用时注意防护。
通透剂(Triton X-100，强) 产品说明书
以在染色缸中完全浸没进行通透。对于细胞样品，在固定、洗涤结束后，按照六孔板每孔加入 1 毫 升通透剂(Triton X-100，强)，其它多孔板参考该比例加入。
2、通常在通透剂(Triton X-100，强)中室温孵育 5-10 分钟，即可完成通透。对于较难通透的样 品或者要求通透特别充分的情况，可以在通透剂(Triton X-100，强)中室温孵育 10-30 分钟。
产品简介： 本通透剂可以用于免疫染色等多种原位检测时细胞样品、冰冻或石蜡切片的通透处理，有助于
暴露抗原、核酸等作用靶点，使抗体、探针或标记物等更容易进入细胞内，从而确保染色等的检测 效果。本产品为即用型工作液，可以直接使用，无需稀释。
本产品通透能力较强，推荐用于各种常规的免疫荧光、免疫组化、免疫细胞化学、流式检测等 中细胞的通透。对于需要检测细胞膜蛋白的情况可以使用通透剂(Saponin) 。
Solarbio
Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd Tel: 400-968-6088
Fax: 00，强)
货号：P1080 规格：100mL/500mL 保存：4ºC 保存，一年有效。-20ºC 可以长期保存。
国腾100-01U二代身份证阅读器
1.1.1国腾GTICR100-01二代证联机型阅读器1.1.1.1产品简介国腾第二代居民身份证阅读器联机迷你型GTICR100-01，是基于GTICR100基础上开发研制，采用USB接口供电，无需外置电源适配器。
具有阅读身份证信息、验证身份证真伪等功能，它采用国际上先进的Type B非接触IC卡阅读技术，通过内嵌的专用身份证安全控制模块（SAM）以无线传输方式与第二代居民身份证内的专用芯片进行安全核验认证后，将芯片内的个人信息资料解读和对应输出，再通过计算机USB接口，将此信息上传至计算机。
通过计算机已安装的阅读软件，将信息解码成文字数据和相片显示、提示和存储在计算机上。
产品适用于各种需第二代居民身份证验证的场所。
其外观如下图：1.1.1.2外观资料A）正面B）背面：C）后面：1.1.1.3产品使用环境⏹公安：身份证申领、户口登记迁移、人口管理等；⏹民政：求学、就业、参军、婚姻登记，户口变更，收养登记等；⏹民航：办理搭乘民航飞机手续（机票购买、登机）等；⏹银行：开立个人存款账户，信用卡交易、大额取款等；⏹旅馆：投宿旅店办理登记手续等；⏹邮局：领取邮件汇款等；⏹证券：股票、期货交易等；⏹电信：电话手机开户、各种通信业务等；⏹网吧：对网吧上网者的身份进行有效的核对与登记；⏹其他：兵役登记；前往边境管理区；办理申请出境手续；办理机动车、船、航空器驾驶证；从事法律、行政法规规定的需要证明身份的其他活动。
1.1.1.4产品功能GTICR100-01功能列表1.1.1.5产品技术指标·技术指标列表1.1.1.6产品特点特点、优势表1.1.1.7 安装使用说明 1.1.1.7.1安装步骤A ）软件安装同GTICR100所使用的阅读软件。
B ） 硬件安装（一）串口通讯方式安装1、开箱并清点配件（第二代居民身份证阅读器联机型GTICR100－01一台、串口连接线一根、安装光盘一张、用户使用手册一本）2、取出串口连接线，一端接入计算机串口接口；串口连接线端的USB 接头插入计算机的USB 接头用于取电；3、串口连接线另一端的USB 接头接入身份证阅读器后方对应的USB 插口；4、按下电源开关，电源指示灯（红色）长亮，上电后身份证阅读器自检成功蜂鸣器鸣叫一声，然后状态指示灯（绿色）亮一下，表明机具处于待命状态；5、运行阅读软件，进入主界面，作好设置后，打开读卡界面6、身份证阅读器有效读取二代证证卡的过程中，绿灯闪烁（二）USB通讯方式安装1、开箱并清点配件（第二代居民身份证阅读器联机型GTICR100－01一台、USB连接线一根、安装光盘一张、用户使用手册一本）2、取出USB连接线，一端接入计算机USB接口；3、另一端接入身份证阅读器后方对应的USB插口；4、按下电源开关，电源指示灯（红色）长亮，上电后身份证阅读器自检成功蜂鸣器鸣叫一声，然后状态指示灯（绿色）亮一下，表明机具处于待命状态；5、在USB连接线连接正确，并且身份证阅读器上电后，在计算机上出现找到新硬件对话框，在“光盘\第二代居民身份证验证软件\USB驱动\ 98driver或2k,xpdriver”目录下选择相应的驱动程序安装。
索莱宝曲拉通x100说明书
索莱宝曲拉通x100说明书
英文名称：Triton x-100；Polyethylene glycol
tert-octylphenyl ether；tert-Octylphenoxy
poly(oxyethylene)ethanol；Octoxinol
其他名称：辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚；聚乙二醇对异辛基苯基醚；异辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚；乳化剂OP-10；聚氧乙烯单-4-辛基苯基醚；聚乙二醇单辛基苯基醚；聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚；乳化剂TX-10；OP乳化剂CAS号：9002-93-1
分子式：t-Oct-C6H4-(OCH2CH2)9-10OH
级别：CP
密度（20℃）：≥0.98g/ml
酸碱度试验：合格
雾点：75～85℃
性状(以下信息仅供参考)：无色或几乎无色透明粘稠液体。
能溶于水、甲苯、二甲苯和乙醇，不溶于石油醚。
沸点：270℃；熔点：6℃；折光率：1.491。
用途：本品仅供科研，不得用于其它用途。
(以下用途仅供参考)气相色谱固定液（zui高使用温度190℃,溶剂为丙酮、氯仿、二氯甲烷、甲醇）分离分析烃类化合物、含氧化合物（醇、酯、酮）、碱性和中性含氮化合物、硫醇。
第三部分:危险性概述
接触高浓度蒸气出现头痛、倦睡、共济失调以及眼、鼻、喉刺激
症状。
口服可致恶心、呕吐、腹痛、腹泻、倦睡、昏迷甚至死亡。
长期皮肤接触可致皮肤干燥、。
nprot.SA-bgal activity
and in vivo5,8,10–12. In 1995, it was unclear whether SA-βgal was a distinct enzyme that was induced at senescence and active only at pH 6.0 or whether it was a consequence of increased expression and/or altered activity of the lysosomal β-galactosidase. In 2000, we demonstrated that SA-βgal activity was because of an increase in the abundance of the lysosomal enzyme, probably linked to the increased lysosomal biogenesis observed in senescent cells13. Indeed, an increased number of lysosomes and elevated lysosomal activity had been associated with replicative senescence for many years14–16. To ascertain the lysosomal origin of SA-βgal activity, we increased the pH of lysosomes using lysosomal inhibitory drugs such as chloroquine or bafilomycin A1. Chloroquine is a weak base that concentrates in lysosomes, raising the pH to approximately 6. Bafilomycin A1 is a specific inhibitor of vacuolar-type H + -ATPase and inhibits lysosomal acidification17. We then incubated the cells with 5-dodecanoylaminofluorescein di-β-D-galactopyranoside (C12FDG), a fluorogenic substrate for β-galactosidase. This compound is membrane-permeable and nonfluorescent before hydrolysis; after hydrolysis of the galactosyl residues by β-galactosidase, the compound emits green fluorescence upon excitation and remains confined within the cell. Using this method of detection, we found an increase in β-galactosidase activity as a function of replicative age both in the absence and presence of lysosomal inhibitors13. Furthermore, although in the presence of inhibitors the absolute level of β-galactosidase activity was reduced by more than 50-fold, the relative residual increase in fluorescence between young and senescent cells was equivalent to that seen without lysosomal alkalinization. In 2006, Lee et al.18 confirmed the lysosomal origin of SA-βgal activity, showing that it resulted from increased expression of GLB1, the gene encoding the classic lysosomal enzyme. Lysosomal β-Dgalactosidase is a hydrolase that cleaves the terminal β-galactose from ganglioside substrates and other glycoconjugates19. Defects in the GLB1 gene are the cause of GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio
TritonX-100对液体深层发酵桦褐孔菌产活性多糖的影响
TritonX-100对液体深层发酵桦褐孔菌产活性多糖的影响陈翠;全丽丽;徐向群【摘要】探讨表面活性剂TritonX-100对桦褐孔菌液体深层发酵产活性多糖的影响,利用醇沉法得到胞外多糖和胞内多糖,通过测定菌丝体量和胞内外多糖产量,明确TritonX-100对多糖的促进作用.进一步探讨TritonX-100的最佳添加时间及浓度,得出在第0d添加0.1％TritonX-100,促进效果最显著.多糖的DPPH自由基清除率测定结果表明,TritonX-100也促进桦褐孔菌多糖的抗氧化活性.通过对多糖化学成分以及单糖组成的分析,证明多糖中的糖、蛋白含量及单糖的组成与DPPH自由基清除率具有一定关联性.以上结果为进一步深入研究桦褐孔菌多糖奠定理论基础,从而建立一种桦褐孔菌发酵多糖的高产、高活性的液体深层发酵制备技术.%This study aims to discuss the effect of surfactant TritonX-100 on the production of active polysaccharides produced from Inonotus obliquus under submerged liquid fermentation.Extracellular polysaccharide(EPS) and intracellular polysaccharide (IPS1,IPS2) were obtained with the alcohol precipitation method,and the promoting effect of TritonX-100 on polysaccharide was determined by measuring the mycelium quantity and yield of extracellular and intracellular polysaccharides.The best time and concentration for adding TritonX-100 were further studied.It is found that the promoting effect is most significant by adding 0.1％ TritonX-100 on Day 0.The measurement result of DPPH free radical clearance ratio of polysaccharide indicates that TritonX-100 also can promote the antioxidant activity of I.obliquus polysaccharide.The analysis of polysaccharide chemical components and monosaccharide compositionindicates that the saccharide,protein content and monosaccharide composition of polysaccharide have certain relevance to DPPH free radical clearance ratio.The conclusions presented above lay a theoretical foundation for further study on inonotus obliquus polysaccharide,based on which a submerged liquid fermentation technology of inonotus obliquus polysaccharide of high yield and high activity can be developed.【期刊名称】《浙江理工大学学报》【年(卷),期】2017(037)006【总页数】5页(P888-892)【关键词】桦褐孔菌;多糖;TritonX-100;抗氧化活性【作者】陈翠;全丽丽;徐向群【作者单位】浙江理工大学理学院,杭州310018;浙江理工大学理学院,杭州310018;浙江理工大学理学院,杭州310018【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q538桦褐孔菌(Inonotus obliquus)作为一种珍贵食药兼用真菌，具有很高药用价值，在俄罗斯、波兰和芬兰等地应用广泛，民间常用桦褐孔菌的菌核来防治癌症[1]。
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北京雷根生物技术有限公司
Triton X-100溶液(10%)
简介：
Triton X-100又称曲拉通100或聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚，是一种非离子型表面活性剂（或称去污剂）,分子量为646.86，CAS 号为9002-93-1。
1%的Triton X-100常用于漂洗组织标本，0.3%的Triton X-100则常用于稀释血清，0.1%的Triton X-100常用于LAMP （环介导等温扩增），配制BSA 等。
但通常是先配制成10-30%的Triton X-100储备液，临用时稀释至所需浓度。
Leagene Triton X-100溶液(10%)主要由Triton X-100、去离子水等组成，未经无菌处理，常用作去污剂或破膜剂。
该试剂仅用于科研领域，不宜用于临床诊断或其他用途。
组成：
操作步骤(仅供参考)：
1、按实验具体要求操作。
2、该试剂浓度较高，一般稀释至0.1%-1%后使用。
注意事项：
1、 注意无菌操作，避免细菌等污染。
2、 温度较冷时，有可能产生絮状无或者结晶，应25-37℃温浴至完全溶解。
有效期： 6个月有效。
相关：
编号 名称 R00282 R00282 Storage Triton X-100溶液(10%) 100ml 500ml 4℃ 使用说明书 1份
编号 名称 DC0032
Masson 三色染色液 NR0001
DEPC 处理水(0.1%) TC0699
葡植物总糖和还原糖检测试剂盒(硝基水杨酸法) TC1167 尿素(Urea)检测试剂盒(脲酶波氏比色法)。