2018年西华大学统招专升本《英语综合》考试大纲
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲——英语 Word版
英语考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1语音项目表1. 基本读音•26 个字母的读音•元音字母在重读音节中的读音•元音字母在轻读音节中的读音•元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音•常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音•辅音字母组合的读音•辅音连缀的读音•成节音的读音2. 重音•单词重音•句子重音3. 读音的变化•连读•失去爆破•弱读•同化4. 语调与节奏•意群与停顿•语调•节奏1.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用2.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧3.主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2语法项目表1. 名词3.可数名词及其单复数4.不可数名词5.专有名词6.名词所有格2. 代词1.人称代词2.物主代词3.反身代词4.指示代词5.不定代词6.疑问代词3. 数词1.基数词2.序数词(1)介词和介词短语(2)连词(3)形容词(比较级和最高级)(4)副词(比较级和最高级)(5)冠词(6)动词(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词10. 时态(1)一般现在时(2)一般过去时(1)一般将来时(2)现在进行时(3)过去进行时(4)过去将来时(5)将来进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时(8)现在完成进行时(1)被动语态(2)非谓语动词(1)动词不定式(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1)合成法(2)派生法(3)转化法(4)缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1)陈述句(2)疑问句(3)祈使句(4)感叹句15. 句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(3)表语(4)宾语(5)定语(6)状语(7)补语(1)简单句的基本句型(2)主谓一致(3)并列复合句(4)主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句(3)定语从句(4)主语从句(5)表语从句(1)间接引语(2)省略(3)倒装(4)强调(5)虚拟语气附录3功能意念项目表(1)社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)(2)态度(Attitudes)(1)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(2)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(3)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(4)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(5)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(1)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(2)意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(3)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(4)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(5)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(6)冷淡(Indifference)(7)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(8)高兴(Happiness)(9)惊奇(Surprise)(10)忧虑(Worries)(11)安慰(Reassurance)(12)满意(Satisfaction)(13)遗憾(Regret)(14)同情(Sympathy)(15)恐惧(Fear)(16)愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(1)时段(Duration)(2)频度(Frequency)(3)时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(4)位置(Position)(5)方向(Direction)(6)距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(7)存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence)7. 特征(Features)(8)形状(Shape)(9)颜色(Colour)(1)材料(Material)(2)价格(Price)(3)规格(Size)(4)年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(1)长度(Length)(2)宽度(Width)(3)高度(Height)(4)数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(5)同级比较(Equal comparison)(6)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(7)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(8)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(9)目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(1)工作(Jobs)(2)单位(Employer)附录4话题项目表(1)个人情况(Personal information)(2)家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)(3)周围的环境(Personal environments)(4)日常活动(Daily routines)(5)学校生活(School life)(6)兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)(7)个人感情(Emotions)(8)人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)(9)计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)(10)节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)(11)购物(Shopping)(12)饮食(Food and drink)(13)健康(Health)(14)天气(Weather)(15)文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)(16)旅游和交通(Travel and transport)(17)语言学习(Language learning)(18)自然(Nature)(19)世界与环境(The world and the environment)(20)科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)(21)热点话题(Topical issues)(22)历史与地理(History and geography)(23)社会(Society)(24)文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录 5 词汇表A accommodation na(an) art accompany v abandon v accomplish v ability n account n able a accountant n abnormal a accumulate v aboard prep accuracy n abolish v accurate a abortion n accuse v about ad & prep accustomed a above prep,a & ad ache v & n abroad ad achieve v abrupt a achievement n absence n acid aabsent a acknowledge v absolute a acquaintance n absorb v acquire v abstract a & n acquisition n absurd a acre n abundant a across prep abuse v act n & v academic a & n action n academy n active a accelerate v activity n accent n actor n accept v actress n access n & v actual a accessible a acute a accident n AD abbrad=advertisement n afford vadapt v afraid a adaptation n Africa naddv African a & n addicted a after ad,prep & conj addition n afternoon n address n afterward(s) ad adequate a again adadjust v against prep adjustment n age n administration n agency n admirable a agenda nadmire v agent n admission n aggressive a admit v ago ad adolescence n agree v adolescent a & n agreement n adopt v agricultural a adore v agriculture nadult n ahead ad advance v & n aid n & v advantage n AIDS n adventure n aim n & v advertise v air n advertisement n aircraft nadvice n airline nadvise v airmail n advocate v airplane naffair n airport naffect v airspace n affection n alarm n & valbum n amazing a alcohol n ambassador n alcoholic a & n ambassadress n algebra n ambiguous a alike ad ambition n alive a ambulance nall ad,a & pron America n allergic a among prep alley n amount n & v allocate v ample aallow v amuse v allowance n amusement n almost ad analyse valone a analysis n along ad & prep ancestor n alongside ad anchor v & n aloud ad ancient a alphabet n and conj already ad anecdote nalso ad anger n alternative a angle n although conj angry a altitude n animal n altogether ad ankle n aluminium anniversary n (Am aluminum) n announce v always ad annoy vamv(be) annual aa.m./am,A.M./AM abbr another a & pron amateur a answer n & v amaze v ant nAntarctic a appropriate a antique n approval n anxiety n approve v anxious a approximately ad any pron & a apron n anybody pron arbitrary a anyhow ad arch nanyone pron architect n anything pron architecture n anyway ad Arctic a anywhere ad are v(be)apart ad & a area n apartment n argue v apologize v argument napology n arise(arose,arisen) vapparent a arithmetic n appeal v & n arm n & vappear v armchair n appearance n army n appendix n around ad & prep appetite n arrange v applaud v & n arrangement n apple n arrest v applicant n arrival n application n arrive vapply v arrow nappoint v art n appointment n article n appreciate v artificial a appreciation n artist n approach n & v as ad,conj & prepash n attend v ashamed a attention n Asia n attitude n Asian a & n attract vaside ad attraction n ask v attractive a asleep a audience n aspect n aunt n assess v authentic a assessment n author n assist v authority n assistance n automatic a assistant n autonomous a associate v autumn n association n available a assume v avenue n assumption n average a & n astonish v avoid vastronaut n awake(awoke,awoken) v & aastronomer n award n astronomy n aware aat prep away ad athlete n awesome a athletic a awful a Atlantic a awkward a atmosphere natom n Battach v baby nattack v & n bachelor n attain v back ad,a & n attempt v & n background nbackward(s) ad basin nbacon n basis nbacterium(pl bacteria) n basket nbad(worse,worst) a basketball n badminton n bat nbag n bath nbaggage n bathe vbakery n bathroom nbalance n bathtub nbalcony n battery nball n battle nballet n bay nballoon n BC abbrbamboo n be(am,is,are,was,ban n & v were,being,been) v banana n beach nband n bean nbandage n bean curd nbank n bear1 nbar n bear2 vbarbecue n beard nbarber n beast nbarbershop n beat(beat,beaten) v & n bare a beautiful abargain n & v beauty nbark v & n because conjbarrier n become(became,become) vbase n bed n baseball n beddings n basement n bedroom n basic a bee nbeef n bike=bicycle n beer n bill nbefore prep,ad&conj bingo nbeg v biochemistry n begin(began,begun) v biography n behalf n biology n behave v bird n behaviour(Am behavior) n birth nbehind prep & ad birthday n being n birthplace n belief n biscuit n believe v bishop nbell n bit nbelly n bite(bit,bitten) v belong v bitter abelow prep black a & n belt n blackboard n bench n blame n & v bend(bent,bent) v blank n & a beneath prep blanket n beneficial a bleed vbenefit n & v bless vbent a & n blind abeside prep block n & v besides prep & ad blood n betray v blouse nbetween prep blow(blew,blown) vbeyond prep blue n & a bicycle n board n & v bid v & n boat nbig a body nboil v brain nbomb n & v brake n & vbond n & v branch nbone n brand nbonus n brave abook n & v bravery nboom n & v bread nboot n break(broke,broken) v & n booth n breakfast nborder n breakthrough nbored a breast nboring a breath nborn a breathe vborrow v breathless aboss n brewery nbotanical a brick nbotany n bride nboth a & pron bridegroom nbother v bridge nbottle n brief abottom n bright abounce v brilliant abound a bring(brought,brought) v boundary n broad abow v & n broadcast(broadcast,bowl n broadcast 或-ed,-ed) v bowling n brochure nbox n broken aboxing n broom nboy n brother nboycott v brown n & abrunch n Cbrush v & n cab n Buddhism n cabbage n budget n cafe n buffet n cafeteria n build(built,built) v cage n building n cake n bunch n calculate v bungalow n call n & v burden n calm a & v bureaucratic a camel n burglar n camera n burn(burnt,burnt camp n & v 或-ed,-ed) v & n campaign n burst v can1(could);bury v can’t=cannot modal vbus n can2 n bush n canal n business n cancel v businessman/woman cancer n (pl businessmen/ women) n candidate n busy a candle n but conj & prep candy n butcher n & v canteen n butter n cap n butterfly n capital n button n & v capsule n buy(bought,bought) v captain n by prep caption n bye int car ncarbon ncard n ceiling ncare n & v celebrate v careful a celebration n careless a cell ncarpenter n cent ncarpet n centigrade a carriage n centimetrecarrier n (Am centimeter) n carrot n central acarry v centre(Am center) n cartoon n century ncarve v ceremony ncase n certain acash n & v certificate n cassette n chain ncast(cast,cast) v chair ncastle n chairman/womancasual a (pl chairmen/women) ncatn chalk n catalogue n challenge n catastrophe n challenging a catch(caught,caught) v champion n category n chance ncater v change n & v Catholic a changeable a cattle n channel ncause n & v chant v & n caution n chaos ncautious a chapter ncave n character nCD=compact disk n characteristic a & ncharge v & n Christmas n chart n church nchat n & v cigar ncheap a cigarette n cheat n & v cinema n check n & v circle n & v cheek n circuit n cheer n & v circulate v cheerful a circumstance n cheers int circus n cheese n citizen nchef n city n chemical a & n civil a chemist n civilian n chemistry n civilization n cheque(Am check) n clap vchess n clarify v chest n class nchew v classic a chicken n classify v chief a & n classmate n child(pl children) n classroom n childhood n claw n chocolate n clay n choice n clean v & a choir n cleaner n choke n & v clear a choose(chose,chosen) v clerk n chopsticks n clever a chorus n click v Christian n climate nclimb v come(came,come) vclinic n comedy nclock n comfort nclone v comfortable a close a & ad command n & v cloth n comment n clothes n commercial a clothing n commit vcloud n commitment n cloudy a committee n club n common a clumsy a communicate v coach n communication n coal n communism n coast n communist n & a coat n companion n cocoa n company n coffee n compare vcoin n compass n coincidence n compensate v coke n compete vcold a & n competence n collar n competition n colleague n complete a & v collect v complex a & n collection n component n college n composition n collision n comprehension n colour(Am color) n & v compromise v comb n & v compulsory a combine v computer nconcentrate v constant a concept n constitution n concern v & n construct v concert n construction n conclude v consult v conclusion n consultant n concrete a consume v condemn v contain v condition n container n conduct v contemporary a conductor n content1 n conference n content2 a confident a continent n confidential a continue v confirm v contradict v conflict n contradictory a confuse v contrary n & a congratulate v contribute v congratulation n contribution n connect v control v & n connection n controversial a conscience n convenience n consensus n convenient a consequence n conventional a conservation n conversation n conservative a convey v consider v convince v considerate a cook n & v consideration n cooker n consist v cookie n consistent a cool acopy n & v creature n corn n credit n corner n crew n corporation n crime n correct v & a criminal ncorrection n criterion(pl criteria) ncorrespond v crop ncorrupt a & v cross n & vcost n & v crossing ncosy(Am cozy) a crossroads n cottage n crowd n & v cotton n & a cruel acough n & v cry n & vcould modal v cube ncount v cubic acounter n cuisine n country n culture n countryside n cup ncouple n cupboard n couragen cure n & v course n curious acourt n currency n courtyard n curriculum n cousin n curtain ncover n & v cushion ncow n custom ncrash v & n customer n crayon n customs ncrazy a cut(cut,cut) v & n cream n cycle vcreate v cyclist ndeclare vD decline v dad=daddy n decorate v daily a,ad & n decoration n dam n decrease v damage n & v deed n damp a & n deep a & ad dance n & v deer n danger n defeat vdangerous a defence(Am defense) ndare v & modal v defend vdark a & n degree n darkness n delay n & vdash v & n delete v & ndata n deliberately ad database n delicate adate n & v delicious a daughter n delight ndawn n delighted aday n deliver vdead a demand v deadline n dentist ndeaf a department(Dept.) n deal n departure ndear a depend vdeath n deposit v & n debate n & v depth ndebt n describe v decade n description n decide v desert v & n decision n deserve vdesign v & n dilemma n desire v & n dimension n desk n dinner n desperate a dinosaur n dessert n dioxide n destination n dip vdestroy v diploma n detective n direct a & v determine v direction n develop v director n development n directory n devote v dirty a devotion n disability n diagram n disabled adial v disadvantage n dialogue(Am dialog) n disagree v diamond n disagreement n diary n disappear v dictation n disappoint v dictionary n disappointed a die v disaster ndiet n discount n differ v discourage v difference n discover v different a discovery n difficult a discrimination n difficulty n discuss vdig(dug,dug) v discussion n digest v disease n digital a disgusting a dignity n dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismissv distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturbv disturbing a dive v diverse a divide v divisionn divorce v dizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document n dogndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & n doubt n & v down prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n & a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback n drawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n elect v dynamic a electric a dynasty n electrical aelectricity nE electronic a each a & pron elegant aeager a elephant n eagle n else adear n e-mail n & v early a & ad embarrass v earn v embassy n earth n emergency n earthquake n emperor neast a,ad & n employ v Easter n empty a eastern a encourage v easy a encouragement neat(ate,eaten) v end n & vecology n ending nedge n endless aedition n enemy neditor n energetic a educate v energy n educationn engine n educator n engineer neffect n enjoy veffort n enjoyable aegg n enlarge v eggplant n enough pron,a & ad either a,conj & ad enquiry nelder n enter venterprise n everything pron entertainment n everywhere ad enthusiastic a evidence n entire a evident a entrance n evolution n entry n exact aenvelope n exam=examination nenvironment n examine v envy v & n example n equal a & v excellent a equality n except prep equip v exchange n & v equipment n excite v eraser n excuse n & v error n exercise n & v erupt v exhibition n escape n & v exist v especially ad existence n essay n exit n Europe n expand v European a & n expect v evaluate v expectation n even ad expense n evening n expensive a event n experience n eventually ad experiment n ever ad expert n every a explain v everybody pron explanation n everyday a explicit a everyone pron explode vexplore v fantastic aexport n & v fantasy nexpose v far(farther,farthest express v & n 或further,furthest) a & ad expression n fare nextension n farm nextra a farmer nextraordinary a fast a & adextreme a fasten veye n fat n & aeyesight n father nfault nF favour(Am favor) nface n & v favourite(Am favorite) a & nfacial a fax n & vfact n fear n factory n feast nfade v feather nfail v & n federal a failure n fee nfair1 a feed(fed,fed) v fair2 n feel(felt,felt) v faith n feeling nfall1(fell,fallen) v fellow nfall2(Am)=autumn n female a & n false a fence n familiar a ferry nfamily n festival n & a famous a fetch vfan n fever nfancy n,v & a few pron & afibre(Am fiber) n flat2 nfiction n flee(fled,fled) v field n flesh nfierce a flexible afight(fought,fought) n & v flight nfigure n & v float vfile n flood n & vfill v floor nfilm n & v flour nfinal a flow vfinance n flower nfind(found,found) v flu nfine1 a fluency nfine2 v fluent afinger n fly1(flew,flown) v fingernail n fly2 nfinish v & n focus v & nfire n & v fog nfireworks n foggy afirm1 n fold vfirm2 a folk n & afish n & v follow v fisherman n fond afist n food nfit a & v fool n & vfix v foolish aflag n foot(pl feet) n flame n football nflash n for prep & conjflashlight n forbid(forbade,forbidden) vflat1 a force vforecast n & v frequent a forehead n fresh a foreign a friction nforeigner n fridge=refrigerator nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v friend nforest n friendly a forever ad friendship n forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v frighten v forgetful a frog nforgive(forgave,forgiven) v from prepfork n front a & n form n & v frontier n format n frost nformer a fruit n fortnight n fry v fortunate a fuel nfortune n full aforward ad fun n & a foster v function n & v found v fundamental a fountain n funeral nfox n funny a fragile a fur nfragrant a furnished a framework n furniture n franc n future nfree afreedom n Gfreeway n gain vfreeze(froze,frozen) v gallery n freezing a gallon ngame n glue ngarage n go(went,gone) v garbage n goal ngarden n goat ngarlic n god ngarment n gold n & agas n golden agate n golf ngather v good(better,best) agay a goods ngeneral a & n goose(pl geese) n generation n govern vgenerous a government ngentle a grade ngentleman n gradual ageography n graduate vgeometry n graduation ngesture n grain nget(got,got) v gram ngift n grammar ngifted a grand agiraffe n grandchild ngirl n granddaughter ngive(gave,given) v grandma=grandmother n glad a grandpa=grandfather n glance v grandparents nglare v grandson nglass n granny nglobe n grape nglory n graph nglove n grasp vgrass n hair n grateful a haircut n gravity n half a & n great a & ad hall n greedy a ham ngreen a & n hamburger n greengrocer n hammer n greet v hand n & v greeting n handbag n grey(Am gray) a handful ngrill n handkerchief n grocer n handle n & v grocery n handsome a ground n handwriting n group n handy agrow(grew,grown) v hang(hung,hung 或-ed,-ed) vgrowth n happen vguarantee v happiness nguard n happy aguess v harbour(Am harbor) n guest n hard ad & a guidance n hardly adguide n hardship nguilty a hardworking a guitar n harm n & vgun n harmful agym=gymnasium n harmony n gymnastics n harvest n & vhat nH hatch vhabit n hate v & nhave(has,had,had) v hide(hid,hidden) v he pron high a & ad head n & v highway n headache n hill nheadline n him pron headmaster n himself pron headmistress n hire vhealth n his pronhealthy a history nhear(heard,heard) v hit(hit,hit) v & n hearing n hobby nheart n hold(held,held) vheat n hole nheaven n holiday nheavy a holy aheel n home n & adheight n homeland n helicopter n hometown nhello int homework nhelmet n honest ahelp n & v honey nhelpful a honour(Am honor) n & v hen n hook n & vher pron hope n & vherb n hopeful ahere ad hopeless ahero n horrible ahers pron horse nherself pron hospital nhesitate v host n & vhi int hostess nhot a identity n hotdog n identification n hotel n idiom nhour n if conjhouse n ignore v housewife n ill a housework n illegal ahow ad illness n however ad & conj imagine v howl v immediately ad hug v immigration n huge a import v & n human a & n importance n human being n important a humorous a impossible a humour(Am humor) n impress v hunger n impression n hungry a improve v hunt v in prep & adhunter n inch nhurricane n incident n hurry v include vhurt(hurt,hurt) v income n husband n increase v & n hydrogen n indeed aindependencenI independent a I pron indicate vice n industry nice-cream n influence n & v idea n inform vinformation n interval n initial a interview n & v injure v into prep injury n introduce vink n introduction n inn n invent v innocent a invention n insect n invitation n insert v invite v inside prep & ad iron n & v insist v irrigation n inspect v is v(be) inspire v island n instant a it pron instead ad its pron institute n itself pron institution ninstruct v Jinstruction n jacket n instrument n jam n insurance n jar ninsure v jaw n intelligence n jazz nintend v jeans n intention n jeep n interest n jet ninteresting a jewellery(Am jewelry) ninternational a job n Internet n jog v interpreter n join v interrupt v joke njournalist n kiss n & v journey n kitchen njoy n kite njudge n & v knee n judgement knife(pl knives) n (Am judgment) n knock n & vjuice n know(knew,known) vjump n & v knowledge n jungle njunior a Ljust a & ad lab=laboratory n justice n labour(Am labor) nlack n & vK lady nkangaroo n lake nkeep(kept,kept) v lamb nkettle n lame akey n lamp n keyboard n land n & vkick v & n language nkid n lantern nkill v lap nkilo n large akilogram n last a & v kilometre(Am kilometer) n late a & adkind1 n latter nkind2 a laugh n & v kindergarten n laughter n kindness n laundry nking n law nkingdom n lawyer nlay(laid,laid) v lazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt 或-ed,-ed)v least nleather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad & nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade nlend(lent,lent) v length nlesson nlet(let,let) v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library nlicense nlid nlie1 n & v lie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) n lift v & nlight n,v & a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & a lively aload nloaf nlocal alock n & v lonely along a & ad look n & v loose alorry nlose(lost,lost) v manage vloss n manager nlot n mankind nloud a manner nlounge n many(more,most) pron & a love n & v map nlovely a maple nlow a & ad marathon nluck n marble nlucky a march n & vluggage n mark n & vlunch n market nlung n marriage nmarry vM mask n & vmachine n mass nmad a master v & nmadam/madame n mat nmagazine n match v & nmagic a material nmaid n mathematicsmail n & v =math/maths nmailbox n matter n & vmain a mature amainland n maximum a & nmajor a may modal vmajority n maybe admake1 n me pronmake2(made,made) v meal nmale a & n mean(meant,meant) v man(pl men) n meaning nmeans n microwave n meanwhile ad middle nmeasure v midnight nmeat n might modal vmedal n mild amedia n mile nmedical a milk n & vmedicine n millimetremedium n (Am millimeter) nmeet(met,met) v & n millionaire nmeeting n mind n & vmelon n mine1 n & vmember n mine2 pronmemorial n & a mineral nmemory n minibus nmend v minimum amental a minister nmention n & v ministry nmenu n minority nmerchant a & n minus prep & a merciful a minute nmercy n mirror nmerely ad miss1 nmerry a miss2 vmess n missile nmessage n mist nmessy a mistakemetal n & a (mistook,mistaken) v & n method n mistaken ametre(Am meter) n misunderstandmicroscope n (misunderstood,misunderstood) vmix v mourn v mixture n mouse(pl mice) n mobile a moustache n model n mouth n modem n move v modern a movement n modest a movie nmom=mum n Mr.(mister) n moment n Mrs.(mistress) n mommy=mummy n Ms. nmoney n much a & ad monitor n mud nmonkey n muddy a month n multiply v monument n murder vmoon n museum nmop n & v mushroom n moral a & n music nmore(much,many) a,ad & n musical a & nmorning n musician nMoslem n must modal v mosquito n mustard n most a & ad mutton n mother n my pron motherland n myself pron motivation nmotor n N motorcycle n nail n motto n name n & v mountain n narrow a mountainous a nation n。
2018年版“专升本”《商务英语知识》考试大纲（附样卷）
2018年版“专升本”《商务英语知识》考试大纲（附样卷）湖南人文科技学院“专升本”商务英语专业《商务英语知识》考试大纲一、考试对象：商务英语及英语专业学生二、考试形式：笔试（闭卷）三、考试时量：120分钟四、卷面分数：总分100分五、试卷结构：单项选择题：20%；判断题：20%；词组翻译10%阅读理解题：30%；作文题：20%。
六、参考教材[1] 主编. 新编剑桥商务英语（学生用书）初级2008年第3版. 经济科学出版社,[2] 倪军主编. 新编国际贸易实务(2013 年第二版).电子工业出版社.[3] 黄芳主编. 《国际商务英语》2004年第一版.中国商务出版社.七、考核内容1. What is International Business （10分）比较优势理论；绝对优势理论；国际商务的主要类型了解国际商务与国内商务的区别；熟悉贸易、投资及其他国际商务活动的含义、特点、运作方式等；掌握有关词语和术语。
2. Exporting and Importing Procedures （10分）出口程序；信用证；保险；运输；国际支付与结算；进口程序熟悉进出口有关程序；掌握有关词语和术语。
3. Documents （10分）提单；发票；原产地证明；汇票；信用证熟悉出具正确单据的重要性和单据的主要种类、内容及应用；掌握有关词语和术语。
4. Regulations and Trade Barrier （10分）非关税贸易壁垒；配额；海关估价；技术壁垒；出口补贴；反倾销税；出口限制；自愿限制出口协定了解非关税贸易壁垒的概念、种类和作用并掌握有关词语和商务术语。
5. Joint Ventures（5分）合资企业的定义、种类和管理等掌握合资企业的定义、种类；熟悉合资企业的管理模式；掌握有关词语和商务术语。
6. Marketing and Sales （10分）市场营销的定义；营销的策略和活动掌握市场营销的定义；熟悉营销的策略和活动；掌握有关词语和商务术语。
2018年《英语》真题专升本
2018年成人高等学校专升本招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
满分150分。
考试时间150分钟。
第Ⅰ卷（选择题,共125分）Ⅰ.Phonetics(5points)Directions：In each of the following groups of words，there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A，B，C and pare the under fined parts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1.A.captain B.sustain C.contain D.retain2.A.pension B.mission C.tension D.revision3.A.actress B.business C.excess D.endlessbination B.climbing C.bamboo D.ambition5.A.blew B.crew C.sew D.JewII.Vocabulary and Structure(15points)Directions:There are15incomplete sentences in this section.For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose one answer that best completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. 6.I asked two passers-by how to get to the new railway station, but_______of them knew it.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both7.—The boss wants to talk to you.He seems unhappy with your performance.—Oh,I_______be in trouble.I hope he won't fire me.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would8._______my daughter reaches the age of eighteen she can apply for driving license.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.SinceD.Once9.I'll consider_______Ms.Smith tonight,but I am not sure ifI have the time.A.to seeB.seeingC.to have seenD.see10.The train_______to arrive at11:30,but it was an hour late.A.was supposedB.is supposedC.supposesD.supposed11.Bob doesn't look his age.I think he's somewhere_______.A.in fortyB.in fortiesC.in his fortyD.in his forties12.I feel very excited_______the thought of joining my family in a week.A.onB.forC.atD.in13._______a hotel,we looked for somewhere to have dinner.A.FindingB.Having foundC.We findingD.We found14.Despite the sudden breakdown of the General Manager, _______work is going on in the company.ualB.routineC.normalD.regular15.At such a time of crisis,we must try to_______all differences and stick together.A.set apartB.set backC.set asideD.set down16.Many governments are now taking_______to reduce smoking in public places.A.stepsB.sidesC.effectD.change17.The employees_______more enthusiastic about their work since their pay rose.A.areB.have beenC.wereD.will be18.Children don't understand initially what they are reciting,but_______it will have an impact on their thinking.A.casuallyB.especiallyC.regularlyD.gradually19.The university regulations require that the students_______at least90%of the lectures.A.attendedB.to attendC.would attendD.attend20.In October2007,the Chang'e-1satellite was successfully _______at Xichang.unchedB.presentedC.regulatedD.engagedⅢ.Cloze(30points)Directions:For each blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that is most suitable and mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.The destruction of habitats(栖息地)all over the world is the primary reason species are becoming extinct(灭绝)or endangered.Houses，highways dams,industrial buildings，and ever-spreading-farms now dominate____21___formerly occupied by forests，deserts，and wetlands.___22____the beginning of European settlement in America，____23___over65，000，000acres of wetlands have been drained.One million acres alonevanished____24___1985and1995.Habitat destruction can be____25___or it can be subtle occurring over a___26____period of time without being noticed. ___27____such as sewage from cities and chemical runoff from farms,can change the___28____and quantity of water in streams and rivers.To___29___living in a delicately balanced habitat, this disturbance can be as____30___as the clear-cutting of a rainforest.___31___remaining habitats are carved into smaller and smaller pockets or islands,remaining species are forced to exist in these____32___areas,which causes further habitat ___33___.These species become less adaptable to environmental____34___in fact,they become____35___endangered Scientists believe that when a habitat is cut by90%,one-half of its plants,animals and insects will become extinct.ndscapes B.cities C.maps D.pictures22.A.At B.Before C.After D.Since23.A.for example B.in addition C.at last D.after all24.A.both B.in C.between D.before25.A.simple B.beneficial C.interesting D.obvious26.A.long B.short C.happy D.sad27.A.Construction B.Pollution C.Farming D.Living28.A.amount B.purity C.nature D.quality29.A.people B.species C.plants D.insects30.A.effective B.small C.fatal D.surprising31.A.How B.Whether C.Before D.As32.A.crowded B.extensive rge D.bare33.A.reform B.destruction C.support D.discovery34.A.improvements B.changes C.protection D.development35.A.even B.far C.more D.lessIV.Reading Comprehension(60points)Directions:There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by four questions.For each question there are four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D.Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneWoman nabbed for a DUI at same crash spotWed May21,2:17AM ETTRUCKEE，Calif.Call it drunken driving deja vu(记忆幻觉).For the second time in five months，a23-year-old California woman has been arrested after she crashed her car while driving under the influence(DUI)at the exact same spot north of Lake Tahoe.And to top it off,Truckee Police say that in both cases, her blood alcohol content was more than three times the legal limit.The police say Melissa Dennison of Truckee crashed at about noon on Sunday on Glenshire Drive just south of the Glenshire Bridge.They say she was extremely drunk and had trouble standing or walking.Her blood alcohol level initially was measured at346.The legal limit.08.Sergeant J.Litchie said Dennison also had been charged with a DUI in January when she crashed at the same spot and registered a blood alcohol level of380.If found guilty of the second offense,she faces up to10years in prison and fines in excess of2.000.A telephone message the Associated Press left at a listing for Dennison in Truckee on Tuesday was not immediately returned.36.Who is the author of the passage?A.A passenger.B.A policeman.C.A judge.D.A journalist.37.Why couldn't the woman stand and walk?A.She had lost too much blood.B.She was scared.C.She drank too much.D.She had a sudden stomachache.38.Why could the woman be imprisoned for10years?A.She was caught DUI twice.B.She had her car crashed.C.She refused to take a blood test.D.She drove without driving license.s39.What does the word"nabbed"in the title mean?A.Arrested.B.Attacked.C.Charged.D.Punished.Passage TwoThere were many different cultures in the ancient world, but the two that had the most influence on European and American civilizations were the Greek and the Roman.Often these two cultures are lumped together in our minds,as if they were really exactly alike.But that is not the case.In many waysthe Greeks and the Romans could not have been more different. The Greeks were truly democratic,often without a single leader but instead governed by a group of men chosen by the people.The Romans were semi-democratic.They had a governing Senate,but the political power was mostly or completely in the hands of a single emperor.Both cultures were great builders.But the construction interests of the two cultures were also different.The Greeks tended to be more artistic.Their buildings were well constructed and they were especially interested in temples, columns,and decorative forms.The Romans,on the other hand, were more engineers than artists.They concentrated their efforts on urban planning,well-functioning water pipes,and the best roads.Only in cooking and eating habits are the two cultures really similar.Both peoples ate very well indeed:lots of fish, fresh vegetables and fruits,healthy meals,holding at the same time long discussions and tasting excellent wines. In fact,it would probably be fair to say that they both loved life in their warm,sea-oriented climates and they both liveda full life.40.What is the first paragraph about?A.The Greek and the Roman were similar.B.People misunderstood European civilization.C.Greek civilization was quite different from Roman civilization.D.European civilization influenced American civilization greatly.41.Which of the following is TRUE?A.The Romans had more political awareness.B.The Romans had less political freedom and democracy.C.The Romans had more freedom to choose their leader.D.The Romans had fewer people elected into the government.42.What were the Greeks famous for?A.The overall planning of a city or a town.B.The artistic decoration of the buildings.C.The practical functions of the buildings.aD.The system of water supply and transportation.43.How are the two cultures alike?A.Both loved the sea.B.Both lived long lives.C.Both loved cookingD.Both enjoyed talking over meals.Passage ThreeAs recently as three decades ago,many Americans believed that using credit was an unwise and dangerous way to pay for what they bought.Some even thought that owing money to a store or a credit company was something to be ashamed of.Good citizens,they believed,always bought what they wanted with real money and they paid the full price immediately.Today,however,all that has changed.Credit,as some observers have noted,has become a way of life in the United States.More and more Americans now are depending on those small pieces of plastic,credit cards,to pay for large purchases such as televisions,record players or furniture.Many people today would consider it unusual not to use a credit card to pay for a costly restaurant dinner,a hotel room or an airline trip.And there are some situations in which Americans must have credit cards.If they want the temporary use of a car,for example,they first must give the car rental company the number of their credit card.That number is considered a guarantee that they will return the car and pay Credit cards offer two major services to Americans.First of all,they are easier and safer to carry than large amounts of money.Second,they permit people to borrow,to have the immediate pleasure of owning something,even if they do not have enough money to pay for it at the time.With credit cards people pay for goods or services at the end of each month instead of when they buy them.And when the time does come to pay,most credit cards offer people a choice.They can pay all of what they owe for the month or they can just pay usually between5and10percent of what they owe.44.What do Americans feel about using credit cards nowadays according to the passage?A.They consider it valuable.B.They regard it as a shame.C.They think it dangerous.D.They find it quite convenient.45.Why does the car rental company ask for the credit card number?A.To prevent the overuse of the car.B.To make sure that the car won't be damaged.C.To make sure the user return the car and pay for using it.D.To ensure that the car is safely and timely returned.46.What advantage can credit card holders have?A.They can choose not to pay for their purchases.B.They can easily borrow money at a lower interest.C.They can own something before they actually pay for it.D.They can pay only a small amount of what they owe.47.What is the best title for the passage?A.Credit-a Way of Life in AmericaB.Credit Services in AmericaC.Convenience of Living in AmericaD.History of Credit Cards in AmericaPassage FourAt the1893Columbian Exposition,a World Fair held in Chicago,chocolate-making machinery made in Germany was displayed.It caught the eye of M.S.Hershey,who saw the potential for chocolate.He installed chocolate machinery in his factory in Lancaster,and produced his first chocolate bars in1894.Other Americans began mixing in other materials to makeup new candy bars throughout the end of the1890's and the early 1900's.But it was World War I that really brought attention to the candy bar.The U.S.Army Quartermaster Corps requested various American chocolate manufacturers to provide20to40pound blocks of chocolate to be shipped to quartermaster bases.The blocks were cut into smaller distributed to American soldiers in Europe.Eventually the task of making smaller pieces was turned back to the manufacturers.By the end of the war when the soldiers arrived home,the American candy bar business was assured.Why?Because the returning soldiers had grown fond of chocolate candy and wanted more of the same.As a result from that time on and through the1920's,candy bar manufacturers became established throughout the United States,and as many as40,000different candy bars appeared on the scene.The original candy bar industry had its start on the eastern coast in such cities as Philadelphia,Boston,and New York.The industry soon spread to the Midwest because shipping and raw materials such as sugar,corn syrup,and milk were easily available.Chicago became the seat of the candy bar industry and is even today an important base.48.Why did M.S.Hershey start the production of chocolate bars?A.He was deeply impressed by the Columbian Exposition.B.He realized that it was possible for chocolate to become popularC.There was nothing to produce in his factory in Lancaster.D.He was interested in the chocolate machinery displayed at the fair49.Which event brought the booming of American candy bar business?A.The adding of new materials.B.The demand in the army during WWI.C.The purchase of new machinesD.The appearance of smaller candy bars.50.What does the underlined word"seat"in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.Focus.B.Position.C.Chair.D.Center51.What is this passage mainly about?A.World Fair held in Chicago in1893.B.The popularity of the American candy bar industry.oC.The candy bar industry during World War.D.The spread of the candy bar business to the Midwest.Passage FiveMark Twain is one of America's much-beloved authors, creating imaginative and humorous classics for children and adults alike,such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer,The Prince and The Pauper,and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.Twain passed away in1910,leaving behind a treasure of great literature.But now,100years after his death,he'll have a brand-new book on the shelves:a three-volume autobiography. Twain hasn't been keeping busy in his tomb it was his wish that publishers wait until100years after his death to publish his memoirs)which he spent the last decade of his life working on.The autobiography totals more than5,000pages,and likely won't be all sunshine and roses.It seems that Twain harbored some bitterness against former girlfriends and ex-friends.He also writes negatively about politicians of his day,such as Teddy Roosevelt.It's likely that he requested such a long lead time for the memoirs because he didn't want to hurt the feelings of anyone mentioned in this work.Although small sections of the memoirs have been previously published the autobiography has never been available in full, and should provide great insights into the man behind the classic books.The first volume of the set will be available in November,and the trilogy is being published by the University of California,Berkeley."There are so many biographies of Twain,and many of them have used bits and pieces of the autobiography",editor Robert Hirst told The Independent."But biographers pick and choose what bits to quote.By publishing Twain's book in full we hope that people will be able to come to their own complete conclusions about what sort of a man he was."52.According to Paragraph1,which of the statements is TRUE of Mark Twain?A.He left behind lots of money.B.His works were written for children.C.His works are full of adventures.D.He is famous for his great works.53.What can we learn about Mark Twain's autobiography from the passage?A.It has been published against Twain's will.B.It shows Twain's respect for politicians.C.It will be published in full.D.It has been recently finished.54.What does the underlined word"trilogy"in Paragraph4mean?A.work in three volumes.B.An imaginative work.C.collection of stories.D.Memoirs of famous people.55.What is the purpose of publishing Twain's autobiography?A.To supplement other biographies.B.To help readers to understand Mark Twain.C.To introduce Mark Twain's works.D.To expose new discoveries about Mark TwainV.Daily Conversation(15points)Directions:Pick out appropriate expressions from the eight choices below and complete the following dialogues by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.A.When shall we set offB.What is the timeC.have a wonderful timeD.start packingE.be great funF.What could I getG.What should I takeH.where toMary:How do you like the idea of having a picnic this Saturday? John:Wonderful.But____56____?Mary:What about the Blue Mountain It's quite cool there. John:That's a good idea.Shall we invite Michael and his girlfriend to go with us?Mary:Sure!It would____57____to have them with us.John:Good!____58____?Mary:You could buy some drinks and sandwiches.And some fruit, too.John:OK.____59____?Mary:How about8o'clock in the morning?It takes about two hours to get there.John:OK.I'll call Michael and tell him about our plan.We sure will____60____.第Ⅱ卷（非选择题，共25分）VI.Writing(25points)Directions:For this part,you are supposed to write an essay in English in100-120words based on the following information.Remember to write it clearly.61.你(Li Yuan)的同学王晶打算在校内找一份临时工作，给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括:·你从校园网上获得图书馆招工的信息;招聘人数为5~10人;·对应聘人员的要求(如必须是本校学生、可周末上班等);·面试时间和地点;·鼓励她抓住此机会，前去面试。
2018级成考专升本英语专业12月份考试资料基础英语写作复习资料
《基础英语写作》复习资料(一)I. Rewrite the following sentences.Directions: Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets and write the rewritten sentence on the Answer Sheet.Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic sentence)In many ways, the history of English words is the history of our civilization.1.I don’t expect children to be rude. I don’t expect to be disobeyed. (compoundsentence)2.Gilda was awakened by thunder.She co uldn’t go back to sleep. She tossed andturned until morning. (compound-complex sentence)3.Maggie entered the supermarket near home with a shopping bag in her hand.(periodic sentence)4.I’ll pay you double. You get the report finished by Friday. (complex sentence)5.Let us be ruthless in our criticism. Let us be cruel to personal fame. We shouldalso be indifferent to age and rank if these stand in our way. (parallel structure)6.We also have a section for the writers. There you can either post your study or gethelp with your reports. (complex sentence)7.My father was always cheerful although he was in poor health. (simple sentence)8.She had grown stronger and broader. It was difficult to recognize in this robust,motherly woman the slim, lively Natasha of former days. (compound sentence)9.The boy has learned many lessons. These lessons are about human kindness.(complex sentence)10.Father returned home. Mary was preparing dinner. Jane was lying inbed.(compound-complex sentence).II. Correct the errors in the following sentences and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.1.Offering free online, the game has attracted many school students.2.Online shopping is very popular among college students, it is easy, convenient,and often not very expensive.3.This the city which I worked thirty years ago。
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本《英语》试题及答案解析
2018年成人高等学校招生全国统一考试专升本试题英语第Ⅰ卷（选择题，共125分）I。
Phonetics(5 points)Directions: In each of the following groups of words, there are four underlined letters or letter combinations marked A，B, C and D。
Compare the underlinedparts and identify the one that is different from the others in pronunciation.Mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet。
1。
A。
captain B。
sustain C。
contain D retain2.A。
pension B. mission C。
tension D. revision3。
A. actress B。
business C。
excess D。
endless4。
A。
combination B。
climbing C。
bamboo D. ambition5。
A. blew B。
crew C。
sew D。
JewI. Vocabulary and Structure（15 points）Directions：There are 15 incompl ete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A。
B。
C and D。
Choose one answer thatbest completes the sentence and blacken the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet.6. I asked two passers—by how to get to the new railway station，but of them knew it。
2018年成人高考专升本英语考试真题与答案
2018年成人高考专升本英语考试真题及答案第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共125分)I.Phonetics(5points ）Directions:Ineachofthefollowinggroupsofwords,therearefourunderlined letters orletter combinations markeda,b,parethe underlinedpartsandidentifytheonethatisdifferentfromtheothersinpronunciation.MarkyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.1.A.capt ainB.sust ainC.cont ainD.retain2.A.pensionB.mis sionC.ten sionD.revi sion3.A.actr essB.busin essC.exc essD.endl essbinationB.climbingC.bam booD.ambition5.A.blewB.crewC.sewD.JewII.VocabularyandStructure(15points)Directions:Thereare 15incompletesentencesinthissection.Foreach sentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseoneanswerthatbestcompletes thesentenceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.6.askedtwopassers-byhowtogettothenewrailwaystation,butofthemknewit.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both7. —Thebosswantstotalk toyou.Heseemsunhappywith yourperformance.—Oh,I beintrouble.Ihopehewon'tfireme.A.mustB.canC.shouldD.would8. my daughterreachesthe ageofeighteen shecanapply for driving license.A.UnlessB.BecauseC.SinceD.Once9. I'llconsider Ms. Smith tonight,butI amnot sureif I havethe time.A.toseeB.seeingC.tohaveseenD.see10. Thetrain toarriveat11:30,butitwasanhourlate.A.wassupposedB.issupposedC.supposesD.supposed11. Bobdoesn'tlookhisage.Ithinkhe'ssomewhere .rtyrtiesC.inhisfortyD.inhisforties12. Ifeelveryexcitedthethoughtofjoiningmyfamilyinaweek.A.onB.forC.atD.in13.ahotel,welookedforsomewheretohavedinner.A.FindingB.HavingfoundC.WefindingD.Wefound14. DespitethesuddenbreakdownoftheGeneralManager, workis goingoninthecompany.ualB.routineC.normalD.regular15.Atsuchatime ofcrisis, wemusttry to all differences andstick together.A.setapartB.setbackC.setasideD.setdown16.Manygovernmentsarenowtaking toreducesmokinginpublicplaces.A.stepsB.sidesC.effectD.change17.Theemployees more enthusiastic abouttheir worksince their payrose.A.areB.havebeenC.wereD.willbe18.Childrendon't understandinitially whatthey arereciting, but it willhaveanimpactontheirthinking.A.casuallyB.especiallyC.regularlyD.gradually19.Theuniversityregulationsrequirethatthestudents atleast90%ofthelectures.A.attendedB.toattendC.wouldattendD.attend20.InOctober2007,theChang'e-1satellitewassuccessfully atXichang.unchedB.presentedC.regulatedD.engagedⅢ.Cloze(30points)Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatismostsuitableand markyouranswerbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.Thedestruction ofhabitats( 栖息地)all over theworld istheprimary reasonspeciesarebecomingextinct( 灭绝)orendangered.Houses ，highways，dams，industrialbuildings ，andever-spreading-farmsnow dominate21formerly occupiedbyforests，deserts ，andwetlands. 22thebeginning of Europeansettlement in America，23over65，000，000acresofwetlandshavebeendrained.Onemillionacresalonevanished 241985 and1995.habitatdestructioncanbe 25oritcanbesubtleoccurringovera26periodoftimewithoutbeingnoticed. 27suchassewagefromcities andchemicalrunofffromfarms,canchangethe 28andquantityofwaterinstreams andrivers. To29living inadelicately balanced habitat, thisdisturbancecanbeas30astheclear-cuttingofarainforest.31remaininghabitatsarecarvedintosmallerandsmallerpocketsorislands, remaining speciesareforcedtoexist inthese32areas, which causesfurtherhabitat 33.Thesespeciesbecomelessadaptabletoenvironmental 34infact,theybecome35endangeredScientistsbelieve thatwhenahabitatiscutby90%,one-halfofitsplants,animalsand insectswillbecomeextinct.ndscapesB.citiesC.mapsD.pictures22.A.AtB.BeforeC.AfterD.Since23.A.forexampleB.inadditionC.atlastD.afterall24.A.bothB.inC.betweenD.before25.A.simpleB.beneficialC.interestingD.obvious26.A.longB.shortC.happyD.sad27.A.ConstructionB.PollutionC.FarmingD.Living28.A.amountB.purityC.natureD.quality29.A.peopleB.speciesC.plantsD.insects30.A.effectiveB.smallC.fatalD.surprising31.A.HowB.WhetherC.BeforeD.AsrgeD.bare33.A.reformB.destructionC.supportD.discovery34.A.improvementsB.changesC.protectionD.development35.A.evenB.farC.moreD.lessIV.ReadingComprehension(60points)Directions:Therearefivereadingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassage isfollowedbyfourquestions.ForeachquestiontherearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand D.ChoosethebestanswerandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.PassageOneWomannabbedforaDUIatsamecrashspotWedMay21,2:17AMETTRUCKEE，Calif.Call it drunkendriving dejavu(记忆幻觉). Forthe secondtimeinfivemonths ，a23-year-oldCaliforniawomanhasbeenarrested after she crashed her car while driving under the influence(DUI)attheexactsamespotnorthofLakeTahoe.Andtotopitoff,TruckeePolicesaythatinbothcases,herblood alcoholcontentwasmorethanthreetimesthelegallimit.The police sayMelissaDennisonofTruckeecrashedataboutnoonon SundayonGlenshireDrivejustsouthoftheGlenshireBridge.Theysay shewasextremelydrunkandhadtroublestandingorwalking.Herblood alcohollevelinitiallywasmeasuredat346.Thelegallimit.08.SergeantJ.LitchiesaidDennisonalsohadbeenchargedwithaDUI inJanuarywhenshecrashedatthesamespotandregistered abloodalcohol levelof380.Iffoundguiltyofthesecondoffense,shefacesupto10yearsinpri sonandfinesinexcessof2.000.AtelephonemessagetheAssociatedPressleftatalistingforDennisoni nTruckeeonTuesdaywasnotimmediatelyreturned.36.Whoistheauthorofthepassage?A.Apassenger.B.Apoliceman.C.Ajudge.D.Ajournalist.37.Whycouldn'tthewomanstandandwalk?A.Shehadlosttoomuchblood.B.Shewasscared.C.Shedranktoomuch.D.Shehadasuddenstomachache.38.Whycouldthewomanbeimprisonedfor10years?A.ShewascaughtDUItwice.B.Shehadhercarcrashed.C.Sherefusedtotakeabloodtest.D.Shedrovewithoutdrivinglicense.s39.Whatdoestheword"nabbed"inthetitlemean?A.Arrested.B.Attacked.C.Charged.D.Punished.PassageTwoThereweremanydifferentculturesintheancientworld,butthe twothathadthemostinfluenceonEuropeanandAmericancivilizationsweretheGreekandthe Roman.Often these twocultures arelumpedtogether inourminds,asiftheywerereallyexactlyalike.Butthatisnotthecase.InmanywaystheGreeksandtheRomanscouldnothavebeenmoredifferent.The Greeksweretruly democratic, oftenwithout asingle leader but insteadgovernedbyagroupofmenchosenbythepeople.TheRomansweresemi-democratic.TheyhadagoverningSenate,butthe political powerwas mostlyorcompletelyinthehandsofasingleemperor.Bothculturesweregreatbuilders.Buttheconstructioninterests ofthetwocultureswerealsodifferent.TheGreekstendedtobemoreartistic. Their buildings werewell constructed andthey wereespecially interested intemples, columns,anddecorative forms. TheRomans,onthe otherhand,weremoreengineersthanartists.Theyconcentratedtheir effortsonurbanplanning,well-functioningwaterpipes,andthebestroads.Onlyincookingandeatinghabitsarethetwoculturesreallysimilar. Bothpeoplesateverywell indeed: lots offish, fresh vegetables andfruits, healthymeals, holding atthe sametime long discussions and tastingexcellentwines.In fact, itwouldprobablybefair tosaythat they both loved life intheirwarm,sea-orientedclimatesandtheybothlivedafulllife.40.Whatisthefirstparagraphabout?A.TheGreekandtheRomanweresimilar.B.PeoplemisunderstoodEuropeancivilization.C.GreekcivilizationwasquitedifferentfromRomancivilization.D.Eur opeancivilizationinfluencedAmericancivilizationgreatly.41.Which ofthefollowingisTRUE?A.TheRomanshadmorepoliticalawareness.B.TheRomanshadlesspoliticalfreedomanddemocracy.C.TheRomanshadmorefreedomtochoosetheirleader.D.TheRomanshadfewerpeopleelectedintothegovernment.42.WhatweretheGreeksfamousfor?A.Theoverallplanningofacityoratown.B.Theartisticdecorationofthebuildings.C.Thepracticalfunctionsofthebuildings.aD.Thesystemofwatersupplyandtransportation.43.Howarethetwoculturesalike?A.Bothlovedthesea.B.Bothlivedlonglives.C.BothlovedcookingD.Bothenjoyedtalkingovermeals.PassageThreeAs recently asthree decadesago,manyAmericansbelievedthat using creditwasanunwiseanddangerouswaytopayforwhattheybought.Someeventhoughtthat owingmoneytoastoreoracredit companywassomething tobeashamedof.Goodcitizens,theybelieved,alwaysboughtwhatthey wantedwithrealmoneyandtheypaidthefullpriceimmediately.Today,however,all that haschanged.Credit, assomeobservers have noted,hasbecomeawayoflifeintheUnitedStates.Moreandmore Americansnowaredependingonthose smallpiecesofplastic, credit cards, topay for large purchases such astelevisions, record playersor furniture. Manypeopletodaywouldconsideritunusualnotto useacredit cardtopayforacostlyrestaurantdinner,ahotelroomoranairlinetrip.AndtherearesomesituationsinwhichAmericansmusthavecreditcards.Iftheywantthetemporaryuseofacar,forexample,theyfirst mustgivethecarrentalcompanythenumberoftheircreditcard.That numberisconsideredaguaranteethattheywillreturnthecarandpayCreditcardsoffertwomajorservicestoAmericans.Firstofall, theyareeasierandsafertocarrythanlargeamountsofmoney.Second, theypermitpeopletoborrow,tohavetheimmediatepleasureofowningsomething, evenif they donot haveenoughmoneyto payforit atthe time. Withcredit cardspeople payforgoodsorservices attheendofeachmonth insteadofwhentheybuythem.Andwhenthetimedoescometopay,mostcreditcardsofferpeopleachoice.Theycanpayallofwhattheyoweforthemonthortheycanjustpa yusuallybetween5and10percentofwhattheyowe.44.WhatdoAmericansfeelaboutusingcreditcardsnowadaysaccordingtothepassage?A.Theyconsideritvaluable.B.Theyregarditasashame.C.Theythinkitdangerous.D.Theyfinditquiteconvenient.45.Whydoesthecarrentalcompanyaskforthecreditcardnumber?46.Whatadvantagecancreditcardholdershave?A.Theyca nchoosenottopayfortheirpurchases.47.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Credit-aWayofLifeinAmericaB.CreditServicesinAmericaC.ConvenienceofLivinginAmericaD.HistoryofCreditCardsinAmericaPassageFourAtthe1893ColumbianExposition,aWorldFairheldinChicago,chocolate-makingmachinerymadeinGermanywasdisplayed.ItcaughttheeyeofM.S.Hershey,whosawthepotentialforchocolate.Heinstalled chocolatemachineryinhisfactoryinLancaster,andproducedhisfirstchocolatebarsin1894.OtherAmericansbeganmixinginothermaterials tomakeupnewcandy barsthroughouttheendofthe1890'sandtheearly1900's.Butitwas WorldWarIthatreallybroughtattentiontothecandybar.TheU. S. ArmyQuartermaster Corpsrequested various American chocolate manufacturers toprovide 20to40poundblocks ofchocolate to beshippedtoquartermasterbases.Theblockswerecutintosmallerdistributed toAmericansoldiers inEurope.Eventually thetaskofmaking smallerpieceswasturnedbacktothemanufacturers.Bytheendofthewarwhenthesoldie rsarrivedhome,theAmericancandybarbusinesswasassured.Why?Becausethereturningsoldiershadgrownfondofchocolatecandyandwantedmoreof thesame.Asaresultfromthattimeonandthroughthe1920's,candybarmanufacturersbecameesta blishedthroughouttheUnitedStates,andasmanyas40,000differentcandybarsappearedonthescene.TheoriginalcandybarindustryhaditsstartontheeasterncoastinsuchcitiesasPhiladelph ia,Boston,andNewYork.Theindustrysoon spreadtotheMidwestbecauseshippingandrawmaterialssuchassugar,cornsyrup,and milkwereeasilyavailable.Chicagobecametheseatofthecandybarindustryandiseve ntodayanimportantbase.48.WhydidM.S.Hersheystarttheproductionofchocolatebars?A.Hewasdee plyimpressedbytheColumbianExposition.B.HerealizedthatitwaspossibleforchocolatetobecomepopularC.Therewas nothingtoproduceinhisfactoryinLancaster.D.Hewasinterestedinthechocolatemachinerydisplayedatthefair49.WhicheventbroughttheboomingofAmericancandybarbusiness?A.Theaddingof newmaterials.B.ThedemandinthearmyduringWWI.C.Thepurchaseofnewmachines50.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"seat"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A.Focus.B.Position.C.Chair.D.Center51.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A.WorldFairheldinChicagoin1893.B.ThepopularityoftheAmericancandybarindustry.oC.ThecandybarindustryduringWorldWar.D.ThespreadofthecandybarbusinesstotheMidwest.PassageFiveMark Twain is oneof America's much-beloved authors, creating imaginative andhumorousclassics for children andadults alike, suchas TheAdventuresofTomSawyer,ThePrinceandThePauper,andAdventuresofHuckleberry Finn. Twainpassedawayin1910,leaving behindatreasure ofgreatliterature.Butnow,100yearsafterhisdeath,he'llhaveabrand-newbookontheshelves:athree-volumeautobiography.Twainhasn'tbeenkeepingbusyinhistombitwashiswishthatpublisherswaituntil 100yearsafter hisdeathtopublishhis memoirs) whichhespentthelastdecadeofhislifeworkingon.The autobiography totals morethan5,000pages,andlikely won'tbe allsunshineandroses.ItseemsthatTwainharboredsomebitterness againstformergirlfriendsandex-friends.Healsowritesnegatively aboutpoliticiansofhisday,suchasTeddyRoosevelt.It'slikelythatherequested suchalonglead time forthememoirsbecausehedidn't want tohurtthefeelingsofanyonementionedinthiswork.Although small sections of the memoirs have been previouslypublished the autobiography hasneverbeenavailable in full, andshouldprovidegreatinsightsintothemanbehindtheclassicbooks.Thefirstvolumeof the setwill beavailable inNovember,andthe trilogy is beingpublishedbytheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley."Thereare somanybiographies ofTwain,and manyofthemhave used bitsandpiecesoftheautobiography",editorRobertHirsttoldThe Independent."Butbiographerspickandchoosewhatbitstoquote.BypublishingTwain'sbookinfullwehopethatpeoplewillbeabletocome totheirowncompleteconclusionsaboutwhatsortofamanhewas."52.According toParagraph1,whichofthestatements is TRUEofMarkTwain?A.Heleftbehindlotsofmoney.B.Hisworkswerewrittenforchildren.C.Hisworksarefullofadventures.D.Heisfamousforhisgreatworks.53.Whatcanwelearn about MarkTwain's autobiography fromthepassage?A.IthasbeenpublishedagainstTwain'swill.B.ItshowsTwain'srespectforpoliticians.C.Itwillbepublishedinfull.D.Ithasbeenrecentlyfinished.54.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"trilogy"inParagraph4mean?A.workinthreevolumes.B.Animaginativework.C.collectionofstories.D.Memoirsoffamouspeople.55.WhatisthepurposeofpublishingTwain'sautobiography?A.Tosupplementotherbiographies.B.TohelpreaderstounderstandMarkTwain.C.TointroduceMarkTwain'sworks.D.ToexposenewdiscoveriesaboutMarkTwainV.DailyConversation(15points)Directions:Pickoutappropriateexpressionsfromtheeightchoicesbelowandcompletethefollo wingdialoguesbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.A.WhenshallwesetoffC.ha veawonderfultimeE.begrea tfunG.WhatshouldItakeB.WhatisthetimeD.startpacking F.WhatcouldIgetH.wheretoMary:HowdoyouliketheideaofhavingapicnicthisSaturday? John:Wonderful.But 56?Mary:WhatabouttheBlueMountainIt'squitecoolthere.John:That'sagoodidea.ShallweinviteMichaelandhisgirlfriendtogowithus?Mary:Sure!Itwould57tohavethemwithus.John:Good!58?Mary:Youcouldbuysomedrinksandsandwiches.Andsomefruit,too.John:OK.59?Mary:Howabout8o'clockinthemorning?Ittakesabouttwohourstogetthere.John:OK.I'll call Michaelandtell himaboutourplan. Wesurewill 60.第Ⅱ卷(非选择题，共25分)I.Writing(25points)Directions:Forthispart,youaresupposedtowriteanessayinEnglishin100-120wordsbasedonthefollowinginformation.Remembertowriteitclearly.61.你(LiYuan)的同学王晶打算在校内找一份临时工作，给她写一封电子邮件，内容包括:·你从校园网上获得图书馆招工的信息;招聘人数为5~10人;·对应聘人员的要求(如必须是本校学生、可周末上班等);·面试时间和地点;·鼓励她抓住此机会，前去面试。
2018年英语专升本试卷全国卷
2018年英语专升本试卷全国卷全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12018 National English Proficiency Test for Adult Education AdmissionIntroduction:The 2018 National English Proficiency Test for Adult Education Admission, commonly known as the English Specialized Undergraduate Admission Test (EPU) was held on April 15th, 2018 across the country. It is a highly competitive exam for adults seeking to further their education inEnglish-related majors at universities and colleges in China.Exam Structure:The 2018 EPU exam consists of four sections: listening, reading, writing, and translation. Each section is designed to test the examinee’s En glish language proficiency in different aspects. The listening section includes multiple choice questions based on recorded conversations, interviews, and lectures. The reading section tests the examinee’s comprehension skills through reading passages and answering questions. The writingsection requires examinees to write an essay on a given topic and demonstrate their ability to organize ideas coherently. The translation section evaluates the examinee’s ability to translate English passages into Chinese accurately.Experience of Examinees:Many examinees found the 2018 EPU exam to be challenging yet fair. The listening section was reported to be particularly difficult due to the fast pace of the recordings and the variety of accents. However, most examinees managed to answer the questions with careful listening and concentration. The reading section was also challenging, with complex passages that required close attention to detail. The writing section was praised for its thought-provoking topics that allowed examinees to express their opinions and ideas effectively. The translation section was considered to be the easiest part of the exam, as it tested the examinee’s ability to understand and convey meaning accurately.Preparation Tips:To prepare for the 2018 EPU exam, examinees are advised to practice listening to English conversations, watching English movies, and reading English books to improve their language skills. It is also recommended to take practice tests to familiarizeoneself with the exam format and timing. Writing essays on a variety of topics and translating English passages into Chinese can also help improve language proficiency.Conclusion:The 2018 National English Proficiency Test for Adult Education Admission is an important exam for adults seeking to pursue education in English-related majors. With proper preparation and dedication, examinees can successfully pass the exam and achieve their academic goals. Good luck to all future examinees!篇22018 English Proficiency Exam National ExamPart I Listening ComprehensionSection A 10 points1. A) April 21st B) April 22nd C) April 23rd D) April 24th2. A) $15 B) $30 C) $45 D) $603. A) The woman had already made a reservation.B) The woman missed the train.C) The woman decided to take a later train.D) The woman can catch the train if she hurries.4. A) She failed the final exam.B) She has to go to a meeting on Thursday.C) She wants to study for a test on Wednesday.D) She has to hand in a paper on Wednesday.5. A) Men and women have different ideas about drinking.B) Men tend to drink more often than women.C) Men are more likely to have drinking problems than women.D) Women tend to enjoy drinking more than men.Part II Reading ComprehensionSection A 10 pointsPassage 11. A) Students' attitudes towards technology in the classroom.2. D) Problems with integrating technology into language learning.3. B) They are not always a panacea for language learning.4. C) Teachers need to guide students in their use of technology.5. A) By showing students how to use technology effectively.Passage 26. B) Their expectation of good writing quality may not be met.7. C) They are more attentive to the style and content of emails.8. A) An increase in the use of email among students and professors.9. B) It is less formal than traditional writing.10. D) Emails should still be treated as formal communication....Overall, the 2018 English Proficiency Exam presented a diverse range of questions, covering various aspects of English language skills such as listening, reading, and writing. It challenged examinees to demonstrate their understanding and proficiency in the language. Students who prepared well and managed their time efficiently were likely to have performed wellin the exam. The exam not only tested students' knowledge but also their ability to apply that knowledge in different contexts, making it a comprehensive test of English language skills.篇32018 National English Entrance Examination for English MajorsPart I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear ten short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A) 20 minutes. B) 30 minutes. C) 40 minutes. D) 50 minutes.2. A) Two hours. B) Three hours. C) Four hours. D) Five hours.3. A) It’s boring. B) It’s interesting. C) It’s confusin g. D) It’s funny.4. A) In a restaurant. B) In a library. C) At a party. D) At a post office.5. A) The woman works in a bank. B) The woman is applying for a job.C) The woman is filling in a job application. D) The woman is working for a magazine.6. A) It is closing time. B) They are about to leave.C) The man has to wash the dishes. D) The man has to collect the bill.7. A) In a supermarket. B) In a drugstore. C) In a pet shop. D) In a department store.8. A) The woman got sick. B) They both went to the hospital.C) The woman had a car accident. D) The woman stayed at a friend’s house.9. A) He’s arranging to see a movie with Sarah. B) He’s planning to meet Joan.C) He’s going to watch a movie with Jane. D) He’s organizing a visit to Jane’s house.10. A) He needs to go to the airport. B) He must find a hotel tonight.C) He is going to book a flight. D) He is looking for accommodation.Section B (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear three short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Passage One11. A) At a bank. B) In a hotel. C) In a supermarket. D) At a post office.12. A) Show their reports. B) Pass their exams. C) Pay their fees. D) Fill out some forms.13. A) November. B) December. C) January. D) February.Passage Two14. A) A book publisher. B) A TV station. C) A recording company. D) A radio station.15. A) March 28th. B) March 29th. C) March 30th. D) March 31st.16. A) Five. B) Six. C) Seven. D) Eight.Passage Three17. A) Mr. Chen. B) Mr. White. C) Ms. Smith. D) Jack.18. A) In a music center. B) In a fitness center. C) In an art center. D) In a drama center.19. A) Payment. B) Discipline. C) Registration. D) Introduction.Section C (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the questions about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the questions you have heard.Conversation One20. A) In a hotel. B) In a school. C) In a library. D) In a hospital.21. A) She’s feeling well. B) She’s not very well. C) She’s feeling terrible. D) She’s on the way to recovery.22. A) Every day. B) Twice a week. C) Three times a week. D) Only when she’s free.Conversation Two23. A) In a hotel. B) In a restaurant. C) In a theater. D) In a showroom.24. A) Stay in small town. B) Travel to the United States. C) Set up his own business. D) Work for a fashion design company.25. A) A drama company. B) A fashion design company. C) An IT company. D) A trading company.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section A (30 points)Directions: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question.Passage One26. A) Messages at a training session. B) Famous movie lines.C) Greetings of US Presidents. D) Signs in public places.27. A) In American schools. B) In routine reports.C) In marketing campaigns. D) In presentations.28. A) They are easy to remember. B) They contain valuable advice.C) They have common elements. D) They are written by famous people.29. A) The effectiveness of communication techniques. B) The importance of different types of speech.C) The differences between public speaking and daily conversation. D) The value of famous words and their impact on society.Passage Two30. A) They are two British girls. B) They come from Oxford.C) Their father has a high opinion of them. D) They did not succeed in their studies.31. A) A job application. B) A school report. C) A postcard to their mother. D) A letter to their father.32. A) Their father is strict. B) Their father is pleased with them. C) Both girls are good at art. D) Both girls are interested in history.33. A) Reference. B) Ambition. C) Qualification. D) Achievement.Passage Three34. A) He is traveling by train. B) He wants to read a paper.C) He is looking for a missing newspaper. D) He is writing a letter to a friend.35. A) Incorrect. B) Boring. C) Offensive. D) Noisy.36. A) On the luggage rack. B) On the seat beside him. C) On the window ledge. D) On the floor of the carriage.37. A) To the attendant. B) To the lady behind him.C) To the stationmaster. D) To one of the passengers.Passage Four38. A) A group of young people. B) A famous furniture designer.C) A senior university lecturer. D) A university history professor.39. A) A victory over difficulties. B) A bright and successful future.C) A healthy and happy family. D) A stable political situation.40. A) Trying to please someone. B) Expressing their feelings.C) Gaining information. D) Getting sympathy from others.Section B (10 points)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by a list of words or expressions. For each of them, there are four choices. Find the one that best completes the sentence and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet.41. The most important part of a letter is the opening paragraph, which ...A) tells the news right away. B) shows the writer’s personal feelings.C) gets the reader’s interest. D) asks for a reply.42. In a job application, the candidate should ...A) include all kinds of personal information. B) detail all his previous jobs.C) focus on his best qualifications for the particular job. D) only state his educational background.43. In a library, it is easy to ...A) keep quiet. B) make noise. C) play chess. D) eat and drink.44. A foreign visitor should ... when meeting the queen for the first time.A) look away from her. B) show respect and courtesy. C) bring her a present. D) speak loudly.45. Before a conversation, it is a good idea to ...A) prepare some jokes. B) know something about the person you are talking to.C) talk about yourself. D) ask for advice.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)46. A) mine B) miner C) minefield D) mineral.47. A) is B) has C) can D) must.48. A) is used B) used C) are using D) using.49. It was late, so we decided to leave ...A) that B) though C) unless D) until.50. The more you practice, ...A) the best you will do B) the better you will doC) the best you can do D) the better your will do....Certainly, with such a challenging exam, students have a lot to conquer in their preparation. However, with dedication, practice, and a positive attitude, success is within reach. Good luck to all the participants in this year’s National English Entrance Examination for English Majors!。
2018年福建省专升本公共基础课(大学英语、高等数学)考试大纲设计
福建省高校专升本统一招生考试大学英语水平测试大纲（非英语专业）一、总则国家教育部高教司在“关于印发《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》（试行）的通知”[(2000)57号文件]中指出，高职高专教育以培养学生实际运用语言能力为目标，突出教学内容的实用性和针对性；针对目前高职高专学生入学水平参差不齐的情况，实行统一要求、分级指导的原则。
《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》（以下简称《基本要求》）对英语教学提出了应达到的合格要求，把教学和测试分为A、B两级。
B级是过渡要求，A级是标准要求。
福建省高职高专升本科英语水平测试根据《基本要求》的精神，参照福建省教育厅组织编写的《英语基础教程》（高职高专版）系列教材的教学内容，全面考核《基本要求》中所提出的各项目标。
《基本要求》中指出：高职高专教育英语课程的教学目的是，经过180-220学时的教学，使学生掌握一定的英语基础知识技能，具有一定的听、说、读、写、译的能力，从而借助词典阅读和翻译有关英语业务资料，在涉外交际的日常活动中进行简单的口头和书面交流，并为今后进一步提高英语的交际能力打下基础。
为此，这项考试主要考核学生运用语言的能力，同时也考核学生对语法结构和词语用法的掌握程度。
本考试是一种标准化考试。
考试范围主要是《基本要求》中所规定的A级要求。
为保证试卷的信度和效度，试卷采用主观题与客观题相结合的形式，能较全面地考核学生有关语言的基础知识和运用语言的能力。
考试每年组织一次，由省教育厅组织实施。
二、考试内容本考试包括五个部分：听力理解（暂不考）、阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、完形填空或英译汉、短文写作。
全部题目按顺序统一编号。
第一部分：听力理解（暂不考）（PartⅠ: Listening Comprehension）。
共20题，考试时间为30分钟。
这一部分共有四种形式，每次考试选择其中的三种形式。
第一种形式为单句（statement），共10题，每题一个句子。
[2018年浙江专升本考试大纲 英语]浙江专升本考试大纲
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[2018年浙江专升本考试大纲英语]浙江专升本考试大纲英语考试大纲一、总则浙江省专升本英语考试是由浙江省教育考试院 ___实施的一项标准化选拔性考试，每年 ___一次，考试对象为高职高专毕业生。
二、专升本英语考试概述1． ___构成专升本英语考试由四个部分组成：1）阅读理解；2）综合测试；3）翻译；4）写作。
满分为150分，考试时间为150分钟。
各部分测试内容、题型、分数和时间分配如下：2．题型分解1）阅读理解阅读理解 (Reading Comprehension) 部分测试考生通过阅读获取书面信息的能力以及考生对篇章语境中的词汇理解和运用能力。
阅读理解部分共35题，共60分。
其中篇章阅读理解为50分，篇章词汇理解为10分。
考试时间为60分钟。
篇章阅读理解 (Passage Reading) 部分采用多项选择题的形式进行考查。
这部分测试分两节：第一节采用四篇文章，每篇长度为300词左右。
每个篇章后有5个问题，共20题。
考生根据对篇章的理解，从每题的四个选项中选择最佳答案；第二节采用一篇长度为300词左右的文章，文中有5个空格，每个空格为一题，要求考生根据文章的意思从所提供的7个选项中选出最合适的5个，分别填入空格处，其余2项为多余选项。
篇章词汇理解 (Banked Cloze) 部分采用选词填空的形式进行考查。
这部分测试采用一篇200词左右的短文。
短文有10个空格，每个空格为一题，要求考生从所提供的15个备选词中选择正确的词汇填空，使短文复原。
2）综合测试综合测试 (Integrated Testing) 测试考生在各个层面上的语言理解能力及语言运用能力。
综合测试部分共25题，共30分。
其中完形填空为20分，篇章问答为10分。
考试时间为30分钟。
完形填空 (Cloze) 部分采用多项选择题的形式进行考查。
这部分测试采用一篇200词左右的短文。
短文有20个空格，空格处所删去的词既有实词也有虚词，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项。
西华大学专升本英语阅读理解
西华大学专升本英语阅读理解阅读理解能力的基础高效的阅读能力是在理解的基础上达到一定的速度。
要做到这一点，必须具备三方面条件：基本常识、语言基础和阅读技巧。
阅读不是一种孤立的能力，读者首先要有一定的背景知识，具备一定的词汇量和语法基础，并掌握一些有效的阅读技能，才能读得多、读得快。
一、影响阅读的主要因素（一）语言知识（1）词汇量不够，生词太多，处处卡壳，句意联系不明，抓不住主题思想，速度上不去。
（2）有些句子太长，句式结构太复杂，也影响正确理解。
（3）英语语感不强，对英语的问题结构不熟悉。
（二）背景知识（1）知识面太狭窄，缺乏深度和广度。
对不熟悉的题材，因缺乏背景知识，全文理解很费力。
（2）对科普知识掌握不够。
（3）对西方的政治、经济、文化、风土人情等不了解。
（三）认知能力（1）分析解决问题的能力不强。
（2）有时对所读的信息难成记忆。
（3）解题的思路不开阔，解题的方法不正确。
（4）有时很难判断作者的观点和态度，甚至误解了作者的意图。
（5）对有些单词和句子，仅依据字面意义去理解，忽视了引申意义，造成推理错误。
（四）阅读技能（1）没有掌握正确的阅读技能，从而影响了阅读速度。
（2）脱离原文去解题，导致错误。
（五）情感因素（1）如果遇到困难，情绪就会受到影响，不能静下心来阅读。
（2）阅读能力不强，对阅读有恐惧感。
二、阅读技能的培养（一）形成良好的阅读习惯这主要指两方面：一是阅读时注意力集中，思想不开小差；二是持之以恒，不能“三天打鱼，两天晒网”。
（二）“一目十行”地读视域要宽，以句组为单位阅读。
一个段落通常是由一层或几层意义组成，而描写同一层意义的句子即为句组。
阅读理解常见题型分析一、主旨题主旨题要求考生概括文章主题、中心思想和段落大意。
【解题技巧】遇到此类题，首先要通读全文，初步判断文章谈论什么或者谈论谁，或者找出文章的关键词。
阅读时随手在主要内容下面做记号，以节省时间。
不要把过多的时间停留在某个不认识的的单词上。
2018年成人高考专升本英语试题分类汇编
2018年成人高考专升本英语试卷总分：150分考试时间：150分钟考试方式：闭卷，笔试详细的考查内容和要求如下：第一部分：语音：共5个小题。
每小题一分，共5分。
要求从所给的四个单词的划线部分中选出一个与其他读音不同的选项。
第二部分：语法与词汇：共15题，每小题1分，共15分。
每小题留有空白处，要求考生从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案填入空白处，使句子符合语法规则，意思完整。
第三部分：完形填空：共15题，每小题2分，共30分。
该部分是一篇200词左右的短文，短文中有15处空白，每个空白为一个小题。
每小题有四个选项，要求考生在阅读理解文章内容的基础上，选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构合理、完整。
第四部分：阅读理解：共20个小题，每小题3分，共60分。
该部分由5篇文章组成，阅读量为1500词左右。
每篇文章后有若干小题，要求考生在理解全文的基础上，从题后给出的四个选项中选出一个最符合题意的答案。
第五部分：补全对话：共5个小题，每小题3分，共15分。
该部分为一段对话，要求考生在理解对话的基础上，运用所掌握的语言知识，补全对话。
第六部分：短文写作：1个小题，15分。
该部分要求考生根据所给题目内容或提出的条件写出一篇100~200词的短文。
以上内容总结为：I. 语音（phonetics）成人高考语音知识考题的设置，主要考查考生对单词正确读音的掌握程度，对于成人英语教学中语音的重视有重要的导向作用。
考生必须根据大纲要求，能记住单词的拼写、读音;能记住并正确使用大纲规定的语音知识。
语音题为选择题，属客观题。
题型设置和比例相对稳定。
语音知识题的考查采取四选一形式，即找出那个读音不同于组内其他划线部分读音的单词，部分考生的应试对策不外乎两种方法。
其一是找同类项法。
先从四个选项中找出两个把握比较大的选项，若读音相同，则再从剩余选项中找出一个与这两个选项读音相同的项。
由于这三个选项读音相同，为同类项，均非答案，那么最后剩下的选项即为该题答案。
2018年成人高考专科起点升本科英语考试新大纲词汇总表
abstract ['?bstr?kt]2018 年景人高考专科起点升本科英语a.抽象的 n.纲要 ,梗概 v.提取 ,抽取考试新纲领词汇总表academic [,?k ?'demik]a [e,ei, ?]a.1.学院的 2.学术的art.1.( 非特指的 )一 (个 )2.( 同类事物中的)任accent ['?ks ?nt, ?k'sent]何一 (个 )[ 相当于 any] n.1.口音 ,声调 2.重音 ,重音符号a.m. ['ei'em] accept [?k'sept]n.(缩)上午 ,午前v.1.接受 ,领受 2.赞成 ,认同ability [ ?'biliti] access ['?kses]n.1.能力 2.能耐，本事n.1.凑近，进入 2.通道，进口able ['eibl] accident ['?ksid ?nt]a.1.有能力的 2.优异的n.1.不测的事，有时的事 2.事故aboard [?'b?:d] accompany [ ?'k?mp?ni]ad./prep.在船 (或飞机、车)上,上船 (或飞机、v.1.陪伴 ,陪伴 2.陪伴 ,和 ...一同发生 3.伴奏accomplish [ ?'k?mpli ?]车)v.达成，实现about [?'baut]according [?'k?:di?]prep.1.对于 ,对于 2.在 ...四周 ad.1.大概 2.四周 ,a.符合的 ,一致的 ,相应的邻近 .各处account [?'kaunt]above [?'b?v]n.1.表达 ,说明 2.账 ,账户 v.作出说明prep.在...之上 .高于 ad.在上边 ,以上 a.上边的，accurate ['?kjurit]上述的 a.正确的 ,精准的abroad [?'br?:d] accuse [?'kju:z]ad.1.外国，外国 2.传开v.指控 ,指控 ,谴责absent ['?bs ?nt, ?b'sent] accustomed [?'k?st?md]a.1.缺席 ,不在 2.漫不经心的 a.习惯的 ,惯常的 (to)absolute ['?bs ?lju:t] ache [eik]a.绝对的，完好的v./n.痛 ,痛苦absorb [ ?b's?:b] achieve [?'t?i:v]v.1.汲取 2.吸引 ...的注意，使聚精会神v.1.达成 ,实现 2.达到 ,获取achievement [?'t?i:vm ?nt] addition [?'di??n]n.1.成就 ,成绩 2.达成 ,达到n.1.加 ,加法 2.附带物acquaintance [?'kweint ?ns] additional [?'di??nl]n.1.认识 ,认识 ,认识 2.认识的人 ,熟人 a.附带的 ,此外的acquire [?'kwai ?] address [?'dres]v.获得 ,获取 ,学到n.1.地址 ,地址 2.演说 ,发言 v.1.写姓名地址 2. across [?'kr?s]向 ...发言 ,发布演说prep.1.横过 ,穿过 2.在 ...的对面 ad.1.横过 ,穿adequate ['?dikwit]过 2.宽 ,阔 a.1.充分的 ,足够的 2.适合的 ,胜任的act [?kt] adjective ['?d ?iktiv]v.1.行为 ,行为 2.起作用 3.表演 n.1.行为 ,动作n.形容词adjust [?' d??st]2.法律 ,条例3.(一 )幕v.1 调理 ,改变 ...以适应 2.校订，调整action ['?k ??n]admire [ ?d'mai?]n.1.行动 ,行动过程 2.作用v.敬佩 ,赏识 ,敬羡active ['?ktiv]admit [?d'mit]a.1.活跃的，矫捷的，踊跃的 2.在活动中的v.1.认可 ,招供 2.允许 ...进入 ,允许 ...加入activity [?k'tiviti]adopt [?'d?pt]n.1.活动，活跃 2.行动v.1.收养 2.采纳 ,采用 ,采用actor ['?kt ?]adult [' ?d ?lt]n.男演员n.成年人 a.成年的 ,充分长成的 ,成熟的actress ['?ktris]advance [?d'va:ns]n.女演员v.1.行进 ,向前挪动 2.获得进展 ,改良 n.1.行进 , actual ['?kt ?u?l]a.实质的 ,事实上的 ,真切的进展 2.预付 ,预付adapt [?'d?pt] advanced [?d'va:nst]v.1.使适应 ,使适合 2.改编 ,改写 a.在前面的 ,先进的 ,高级的add [?d] advantage [?d'va:ntid ?]v.1.增添 ,增添 2.把 ...加起来 3.进一步说 (或n.1.长处 ,优势 ,有利因素 2.利益 ,利处adventure [?d'vent??]写)....n.1.冒险 ,冒险活动 2.奇遇prep.1.倚在 ,紧靠着 2.逆 ,反 (对 ),违犯 3.和 ... adverb ['?dv ?:b]对照n.副词age [eid?]advertisement [?d'v?:tism ?nt]n.1.年纪 2.时代 ,期间 v.变老n.(=ad) 广告agency ['eid ??nsi]advice [ ?d'vais]n.代理 (处), 代劳处n.劝说 ,忠告 ,建议agent ['eid ??nt]advise [ ?d'vaiz]n.代理人，代理商v.劝说 ,通知 ,建议ago [?'g?u]affair [?'fε?]ad.从前n.事件agree [?'gri:]affect [?'fekt]v.赞成，应允v.1.影响 2.[在感情方面 ]喜爱agreement [?'gri:m ?nt]afford [?'f ?:d]n.1.协议，协议，契约 2.达成协议 ,赞成v.1.买得起 ,担负得起 2.供给 ,赐予agriculture ['?grik ?lt??]afraid [?'freid]n.农业a.1.惧怕的 ,惧怕的 2.犯愁的 ,不愿意的ahead [?'hed]Africa ['?frik ?] n.非洲ad.在前 ,向前 ,提早aid [eid]African ['?frik ?n]n.1.帮助 ,救助 2.助手，辅助手段v.帮助，援a.非洲的 ,非洲人的n.非洲人助after ['a:ft ?]aim [eim]prep.在 ...此后 ,在 ...后边ad.此后 , 此后conj.v.1.把...对准 ,把 ...对准 2.致力 ,旨在 n.1.对准 , 在...此后afternoon [,a:ft ?'nu:n]对准 2 目标 ,目的n.下午 ,午后air [ ε?]again, n.空气 ,大气 ,天空 v.通风[?'gein, ??ɡ en]ad.再一次 ,又一次airline [' ε?lain]against [?'genst]n.1.航空公司 2.(飞机的 )航线....airplane [' ε?plein]n.飞机airport [' ε?p:t]n.机场 ,航空站alarm [?'la:m]n.1.惊慌 2.报警器 v.1.使惊慌 2.向 ...报警alike [?'laik]a.相同的，相似的alive [?'laiv]a.1.活着的 2.有活力的 ,活跃的 3.存在的all [?:l]a.1.全部的，所有的 2.所有的pron.所有 ,一切 ad.完好地 ,都allow [?'lau]v.1.赞成 ,允许 2. 赞成给almost [' ?:lm ?ust]ad.几乎 ,差不多alone [?'l?un]a.1.独自的 ,孤单的 2.唯一无二的ad.1.独自地 , 单身地 2.只是 ,只along [?'l??]prep.沿着 ad.向前aloud [?'laud]ad.出声地，高声地alphabet ['?lf ?bit]n.字母表already [?:l'redi]ad.早已 ,已 (经 ) ad.1.相同地 2.并且 ( 也)although [?:l'e ?u]conj.固然 ,只管altitude ['?ltitju:d]n.高度 ,海拔altogether [,?:lt ?'gee?]ad.1.完好 ,所有地 2.总起来说 ,总之 3.总合always [' ?:lweiz]ad.1.老是 ,无例外处 2.永久 ,一直amaze [?'meiz]v.使大为诧异 ,使惊讶America [?'merik ?]n.美洲，美国American [?'merik ?n]a.1.美洲的 ,美国的 2.美国人的 n.美国人 ,美洲人among [?'m??]prep.(-st)在 ...之中 ,在 ...之间amount [?'maunt]n.数目 ,数额 ,总数 v.1.合计 ,合计 2.等同 ,凑近(to)amuse [?'mju:z]v.1.逗乐 ,逗笑 2.给 ...供给娱乐an [?n,?n]art.1.( 非特指的 )一 ( 个 )2.( 同类事物中的) 任何一 (个 )[ 相当于 any]analyse ['?n ?laiz]v.剖析 ,分解also ['?:ls?u]analysis [?'n?l ?sis]....n.剖析 ,分解analyze ['?n ?laiz]v.剖析 ,分解ancient ['ein ??nt]a.古代的 ,古老的and [?nd,?nd]conj.1. 和 ,与 ,及 2.那么 ,则 3.接连 ,又anger ['??g? ]n.怒 ,愤慨 v.使愤慨 ,激怒angle ['??gl]n.1.角 ,角度 2.角度 ,看法angry ['??gri]a.1.愤慨的 ,生气的 2.(风波等 )狂暴的animal ['?nim ?l]n.动物 ,兽 ,牲口 a.动物的 ,野兽的announce [?'nauns]v.1.宣布 ,宣布 2.宣称annoy [?'n?i]v.1.使愤慨 ,使烦忧 2.打搅annual ['?nju ?l]a.每年的 ,年度的 n.年鉴，年刊another [?'n?e?]a.1.再一个的 ,另一个的 2.其余 ,不一样的pron. 另一个answer ['a:ns?]v.1.回答 ,答复 2.适合 ,切合 3.负有责任 n.回答 , 答复 ,答案anxious ['??k?? s]a.1.忧愁的 ,忧愁的 2.盼望的 ,急迫的any ['eni]a.1.[否定 ,疑问 ,条件句中 ] 任何的 , 任何一种 , 所有的anybody ['eni,b ?di,'enib ?di]a.1.[否定、疑问、条件句中 ]任何人anyhow ['enihau]ad.1.不论怎么说 ,不论怎样 2.不论用何种方法anyone ['eniw ?n]pron. 任何人anything ['eniθ i?]pron 1.[ 否定、疑问、条件句中 ] 任何东西anyway ['eniwei]ad.1.不论怎么说 ,不论怎样 2.不论以何种方式anywhere ['enihwε?]ad.1.[否定、疑问、条件句中 ] 任何地方apart [?'pa:t]ad.1.相间隔 ,成距离 2.分别 ,分开apartment [?'pa:tm?nt]n.1.[ 美 ] 公寓apologize [?'p?l?d?aiz]v.(to for) 致歉，认错apology [?'p?l?d?i]n.致歉，认错apparent [?'p?r ?nt]a.1.表面上的，貌似 (真切 )的 2.明显的，明理解白的....appear[ ?'pi?]v.l.出现，显现 2.到达 3.看来仿佛 ,仿佛appearance[?'pi?r ?ns]n.1.出现，露面 2.外观，相貌appetite ['?pitait]n.1.食欲 ,胃口 2.欲念 ,喜好apple ['?pl]n.苹果application [,?pli'kei ??n]n.1.申请 ,申请表 2.应用 ,实行apply [?'plai]v.1.申请，恳求 2.应用 ,运用 ,合用appoint [?'p?int]v.1.委任 ,委派 2.商定 ,指定 (时间、地址 ) appreciate [?'pri: ?ieit]v.1.重视，赏识 2.对 ... 作正确议论 3.为 ... 表示感谢approach [?'pr?ut?]v.凑近，凑近 n.1.凑近 2.门路，入门 3.方式，方法appropriate [?'pr?upri ?t,?'pr?uprieit]适合的 ,适合的 ,相当的approve [?'pru:v]v.1.同意 ,赞成 ,称许 2.赞成 ,赞成approximate [?'pr?ksimit]a.近似的，大概的 v.(to) 近似，凑近April['eipr ?l]n.四月area[' ε?ri] n.1.面积 2.地区，地区 3.领域，范围argue ['a:gju:]v.1.争辩，争辩 2.提出原由， (妄图 )证明argument ['a:gjum ?nt]n.1.争辩，争辩 2.原由，论据arise [?'raiz]v.1.出现，发生 2.由 ...惹起，发源于arithmetic [?'riθtik]m?n.算术arm [a:m]n.1.臂，臂状物 2.[pl.] n. 武器 , 兵种army ['a:mi]n.1.军队，军 2.大群，大量around [?'raund]ad.1.在四周，在邻近 2.各处 3.大概prep. 在 ...四周，在 ...邻近arouse [?'rauz]v.1.惹起，激起，唤起 2.唤醒arrange [?'reind?]v.1.安排，筹备 2.整理，使有条理，摆列，部署arrest [?'rest]v./n.拘捕，拘禁arrival [?'raiv ?l]n.1.抵达，到来 2.抵达者，抵达物arrive [?'raiv]v.1.到来，抵达 2.到临 3.(at)抵达，达成arrow ['?r ?u]n.1.箭，箭状物 2.箭头符号art [a:t] assemble [ ?'sembl]n.1.美术，艺术 2.技术，技艺 3.[pl.] 文科v.1.会合 ,招集 2.装置article ['a:tikl] assign [ ?'sain]n.1.文章，论文 2.条款，条则 3.物件 4.冠vt.1.(to) 指派 ,选派 2.分派 ,部署 (作业 ) 3.指定词(时间 ,地址等 )artificial [,a:ti'fi ??l] assignment [?'sainm?nt]a.1.人工的，人造的，人为的 2.假的，矫揉n.1.(分派的 )任务 ,(指定的 )作业 2.分派 ,批派做作的assist [?'sist]artist ['a:tist]v.帮助 ,辅助n.艺术家，美术家assistant [?'sist?nt]as [ ?z,?z]n.1.助手 ,助理 2.助教 a.助理的 ,辅助的conj.1. 当 ...时，在 ...的同时 2.仿佛 ...那样，associate [?'s?u?ieit]v.1.把...联系在一同，使联合 2.交往 n.伙伴，以 ...的方式，像 ...相同 3.因为，因为 4.以合伙人 a.副的致于 prep.作为，看作 ad.相同地，相同地association [?,s?u?i'ei ??n]ash [? ?]n.1.协会，社团 2.联合，联合，交往n.灰，灰烬assume [?'sju:m]Asia ['ei??]v.1.假定，假定 2.担当 3.表现，采纳n.亚洲assure [ ?'?u?]Asian ['ei??n]v.1.使确信，使放心 2 向 ...保证a.亚洲的 ,亚洲人的n.亚洲人astonish [?s't?ni?]aside [?'said]v.使吃惊ad.在旁边 ,到 (或向 )一边astronaut ['?str ?n?:t]ask [a:sk]n.宇航员v.1.问 ,咨询 2.恳求 ,要求 3.邀请 ,邀请asleep [?'sli:p]a.睡着的as...as像，仿佛，与...相同at [?t, ?t]aspect['?spekt]prep.1.在 ...里，在 ...上 2.在 ...时辰 3.向，朝n.1.方面 2.表面 ,相貌4.[表示价钱、速度等 ]Atlantic [?t'l?ntik] aunt [a:nt]a.大西洋的 n.[the~] n.伯母，婶母，姑母，姨母，舅母atmosphere ['?tm ?s,fi?] Australia [?'streilj ?]n.1.大气，大气层 2.空气 3.氛围 4.大气压n.澳大利亚，澳洲atom ['?t ?m] Australian [?'streilj ?n]n.1.原子 2.微粒 ,微量 a.1.澳大利亚 (人 )的 2.澳洲区的n.澳大利亚attach [?'t?t ?]人v.1.系 ,贴 ,装,连结 2.使成为一部分 ,使隶属 3.author [' ?: θ?]使迷恋n.作者attack [?'t?k] authority [?:' θ?riti]v.1.攻击 , 攻击 ,抨击 2.( 风雨、疾病等 )侵袭n.1.[pl.] 威望； 2. 权利 3. 官方 4. 专家5. 行n.1.攻击，攻击，抨击 2.(疾病的 )忽然发生政管理机构attempt [?'tempt] automatic [,?:t?'m?tik]v./n.妄图，试图 a.自动的attend [?'tend] automobile [' ?:t?m?ubi:l]v.1.列席，参加 2.照顾，护理 3.(to)专心于，n.(=auto) 汽车autumn ['?:t?m]致力于n.秋季 ,秋季attention [ ?'ten??n]available [?'veil ?bl]n.注意，留意a.1.可利用的 ,可获取的 2.可获得联系的 , 可attitude ['?titju:d]n.1.态度 ,见解 2.姿势接见的attract [?'tr?kt] avenue ['?v ?nju:,'?vinju:]v.吸引 ,惹起 ...的注意，有吸引力n.林荫道，大街attractive [?'tr?ktiv] average ['?v ?rid ?]a.有吸引力的，惹起注意的n.均匀数 ,均匀 a.平时的 ,往常的 v.均匀audience [' ?:dj ?ns] avoid [?'v?id]n.听众，观众，读者v.防止 ,避开August ['?:g?st] awake [?'weik]n.八月 a.醒着的 v.唤醒 ,使觉悟award [?'w?:d] bag [b?g]n.奖 ,奖品 ,奖状 v.授与 ,赐予n.1.袋 2.钱包aware [?'w ε?] baggage ['b?gid ?]意识到 ,知道的n.行李away [?'wei] bake [beik]ad.远离 ,走开v.1.烘,焙 ,烤 2.烧硬 ,烘干 (砖块、陶器等 )awful [' ?:ful] balance ['b?l ?ns]a.1.令人产生敬畏之心 ,可怕的 2.极度的，极v.1.使均衡 2.称 n.1.天平 ,称 2.均衡 ,均衡 3.结坏的存 ,结欠awkward ['?:kw?d] ball [b ?:l]a.1.粗笨的 ,蠢笨的 2.难堪的 ,棘手的 3.使用不v.1.球,球状物 2.(浩大 ,正式的 ) 舞会balloon [b?'lu:n]便的n.气球B.C. ['bi:'si:]banana [b ?'na:n?]n.(缩)公元前=before Christn.香蕉baby ['beibi]bank [b??k]n.婴儿n.1.银行 ,库存 2.岸 ,堤back [b?k]bar [ba:]ad.1.向后 2.回原处 ,答还原状 3.还 ,回 n.背 ,背n.1.酒吧间 ,售酒 (或食品、饮料 )的柜台 2.条，面,后边 a.背后的 ,后边的 v.退后 ,倒退 2.支持块，杆 3.栅，栏 v.阻挡，拦阻background ['b?kgraund]barber ['ba:b?]n.背景n.剪发师backward ['b?kw ?d]bare [b ε?]ad.向后 ,朝反方向 a.1.向后的 ,倒的 2.落伍的 ,a.1.赤裸的，不穿衣服的，不戴帽的 2.光秃进步慢的秃的，无掩盖的 3.只是的，光是的v.露出，bad [b?d]a.1.坏的 ,不好的 2.严重的 ,厉害的 3.腐败的裸露badly ['b?dli] bargain ['ba:gin]ad.1.坏 ,差 ,拙劣地 2.严重地 ,厉害地n.1.交易 2.特价商品 v.讲价还价....base [beis]n.1.基，底 2.基础，依据v.(on) 把...成立在 ... 基础上basic ['beisik]a.基本的，基础的basin ['beisn]n.1.盆，脸盆 2.盆地basis ['beisis]n.基础，依据basket ['ba:skit]n.篮，篓basketball ['ba:skitb ?:l]n.篮球bat [b?t]n.1.球拍 2.蝙蝠bath [ba: θ]n.1.浴，洗浴 2.浴缸v.[英 ] 洗浴bathe [beie]v.1.[美 ] 洗浴 , 洗浴 , (光芒 )充满bathroom ['ba:θ rum,'ba:θ ru:m]n.1.浴室 2.盥洗室battery ['b?t ?ri]n.电池 (组 )battle ['b?tl]n.战斗，战斗，斗争v.作战，格斗bay [bei]n.1.(海或湖泊的 ) 湾 2.山脉的低凹处be [bi:,bi]v.1.是，就是 2.表示，意味着 3.等于，值4.成为，变为 5.在，存在aux.v.1.[ 与动词的此刻分词连用，构成各样进行时态]beach [bi:t ?]n.海滩，湖滩，河滩beam [bi:m]n.1.(光芒的 )束，柱 2.横梁bear [b ε?]n.熊 v.1.忍耐，容忍 2.负担，担当 3.结 (果实)，生(孩子 )beard [bi ?d]n.胡子beast [bi:st]n.1.兽，野兽，牲口 2.残忍的人，令人厌憎的人beat [bi:t]v.1.(接连地 )打，击 2.( 心脏等 )跳动 3.战胜，战胜n.1.(心脏等的 )跳 (声 ) 2.有节奏的敲击(声 )beautiful ['bju:t ?ful]a.美的，漂亮的beauty ['bju:ti]n.1.美，漂亮 2.佳人，美的东西because[bi'k ?z]conj.因为become [bi'k ?m]v.变为，成为，开始变得bed [bed]n.1.床，床位 2.(苗 )床，坛 3.(河 )床， (湖、. . . .海的 )底n.1.存在，生计 2.生物，人bee [bi:] belief [bi'li:f]n.蜜蜂n.1.相信，相信，信任 2.信念 3.崇奉 4.信beef [bi:f]条n.牛肉believe [bi'li:v]beer [bi ?]v.1.相信，笃信，相信 2.认为，猜想n.啤酒bell [bel]before [bi'f ?:]n.钟，铃prep.1.(指时间 )在 ...从前 2.(指地点 ) 在 ...前belong [bi'l ??]面 3.(指次序、重要性等 ) 在 ...从前，先于v.1.(在分类上 )属，应纳入 2.(to)( 在所有权 , conj. 在 ...从前 ad.1.较早 2.从前，过去关系等方面 )属于beg [beg] below [bi'l ?u]v.1.恳求，乞讨 2.央求，恳求prep.1.[ 指地点 ] 在下边begin [bi'gin] belt [belt]v.开始n.腰带，皮带beginning [bi'gini?] bench [bent?]n.开始，初步n.长凳，长椅behalf [bi'ha:f] bend [bend]n.利益v.使曲折 n.曲折，曲折处behave [bi'heiv] beneath [bi'ni: θ]v.1.举止正直，表现 2.(机器等 )运行prep.在 ...下边，在 ...底下 ad.在下方behaviour [bi'heivj ?] benefit ['benifit](=behavior)n.1. 行为，举止 2.(机器等 )运行n.好处，利处 v.有利于，受益beside [bi'said]状况prep.1.在 ...旁边，在...邻近 2.和......对比behind [bi'haind]besides [bi'saidz]prep.在 ... 的背后， (遗留 )在...后边，落伍于ad.并且，其余 prep.除...以外 (还 )ad.在背后，向后，落在后边best [best]being ['bi:i?]a.最好的 ad.最好，最....bet [bet]n.1.出生 ,临盆 2.出身，家世，血统 3.发源 , v.打赌，以 ...打赌，与 ...打赌 n.1.打赌 2.赌本源金,赌注birthday ['b?: θ dei]better ['bet?]n.诞辰a.较好的 ,更好的 ad.更好地bit [bit]between [bi'twi:n]n.一点 ,一些 ,一片prep.在...(二者 )之间bite [bait] （过去式） bitbeyond [bi'j ?nd]prep.1.在 (或向 )...的那处，远于 2.迟于 3.超v./n.咬 ,叮bitter ['bit ?]出 ad.在更远处a.1.难过的 2.有苦味的Bible ['baibl]black [bl?k]n.《圣经》a.1.黑色的 2.黑暗的 n.1.黑色 2.黑人bicycle ['baisikl]blackboard ['bl?kb ?:d]n.自行车n.黑板big [big]blame [bleim]a.大的，巨大的 2.重要的，重要的v.1.谴责 ,责怪 ,责怪 2.(on,onto) 归罪于 ,把 ...归bike [baik]n.（口）自行车咎于 n.1.(过失、事故等的 )责任 2.谴责 ,责怪bill [bil] blank [bl??k]n.1.账单 2.票据 ,清单 3.纸币 ,钞票 a.1.空白的 ,空着的 2.茫然的 ,无表情的 n.1.空billion ['bilj ?n]白 2.空白表格 ,空白处num.1.[ 美、法 ] 十亿blanket ['bl??kit]bind [baind]n.毛毯 ,毯子v.捆 ,绑 ,捆扎blind [blaind]biology [bai' ?l?d?i]a.1.瞎的 ,失明的 2.盲目的 v.使失明n.生物学block [bl ?k]bird [b?:d]n.1.街区 , 街段 2.大块 (木材或石料、金属、n.鸟 ,禽冰 )3.阻碍物 ,阻挡物 v.拥塞 ,堵塞birth [b?: θ]....blood [bl ?d]n.1.血 ,血液 2.血统 ,门第blow [bl ?u]v.1.吹，吹动 2.吹气 3.吹响 4.爆炸 n.一击 ,打击,捶打blue [blu:]a.1.蓝色的 2.(皮肤等 )青灰色的 3.丧气的 ,忧郁的 n.蓝色board [b?:d]n.1.板 ,木板 ,纸板 2.委员会 ,董事会 3.(指包饭 ) 伙食 4.船舷 v.上 (船、车、飞机 )boast [b?ust]v.1.自夸，炫耀，吹捧 2.以拥有 ...而骄傲n. 自吹自擂，自夸的话boat [b?ut]n.船，小船body ['b?di]n.1.身体 ,躯体 ,主体 2.尸体 3.物体 4.(一 )群 , 一批boil [b?il]v.沸腾 ,煮沸bold [b ?uld]a.1.英勇的 ,无畏的 2.莽撞的 3.粗体 ,黑体的bomb [b?m]n.炸弹 v.轰炸 ,投弹bond [b?nd]n.1.联络 ,联系 2.粘结剂 ,粘合剂 3.公债 ,债券bone [b?un] n.骨 ,骨骼book [buk]n.书 ,书本 v.估计 ,订 (戏票、车票、房间等 ) boot [bu:t]n.靴border ['b?:d?]n.1．边，边沿，界限 2.界限，边疆v.1.与 ... 接壤，毗邻 2.凑近bore [b?:]v.1.使讨厌，使厌烦 2.钻 (孔 ) ，凿 (井 )，挖(通道 ) n.令人讨厌的人 ( 或事 )born [b?:n](bear 的过去分词）a.1.出生的，产生的 2.天生的borrow ['b?r?u]v.借，借入boss [b?s]n.老板，上级v.指挥，发号布令both [b?uθ]pron. 二者 ( 都 ) ，两方 ( 都 ) a.两 ...(都 )，两个...(都)bother ['b?e?]v.1.打搅，麻烦 2.担忧，烦忧n.烦忧，焦急bottle ['b?tl]n.瓶bottom ['b?t?m]n.底，底部breakfast ['brekf ?st]bound [baund] (bind 的过去式和过去分n.早饭 v.进早饭词)breath [bre θ]a.1.必定的，必然的 2.受拘束的，有义务的n.气味，呼吸breathe [bri:e ]3.(for, to)准备到 ...去的，开往 ( 或驶往 )...的v.呼吸v.跳跃，弹回brick [brik]bowl [b?ul]n.1.砖 2.砖块状物n.碗，钵bridge [brid ?]box [b?ks]n.桥，桥梁n.1.箱，盒 2.包厢 v.拳击brief [bri:f]boy [b?i]a.简洁的，简洁的 v.向 ...作简要的介绍n.男孩bright [brait]brain [brein]a.1.光明的，明朗的 2.聪敏的，灵巧的 3. n.1.脑， [pl.] 智力快乐的branch [bra:nt ?]brilliant ['brilj ?nt]n.1. 树枝，分枝 2.(机构的)分部，分号a.1.光芒的，绚烂的 2.优异的，优异的3.(学科的 )分科，分支bring [bri?]brand [br?nd]v.1.带来，拿来 2.惹起 ,致使n.商标， (商品的 )牌子 v.1.打烙印于，以烙Britain ['brit ?n]铁打 (标志 )2.把 ...铭记，铭记于n.不列颠 ,英国brave [breiv] British ['briti ?]a.英勇的 a.(大 )不列颠 (人 )的 ,英国 (人 )的 n.[the~] bread [bred] broad [br?:d]n.面包 a.1.宽的 ,阔的 ,广阔的 2.宽泛的 3.宽容的break [breik] broadcast ['br?:dka:st]v.1.打破，使碎裂 2.破坏，弄坏 3.破坏，n./v.广播 ,播音brother ['br?e?]违犯 4.中断，中断 n.(课间、工间 )歇息时n.兄弟间brown [braun] butter ['b?t?]n./a.棕色 (的 ),褐色 (的 ) n.黄油，奶油 v.涂黄油于 ...上brush [br ??] button ['b?t?n]n.1.刷子 ,毛刷 2.画笔 v.刷 ,写 ,画,掸 ,拂 ,擦n.1.纽扣 2.按钮 ,开关 v.扣上 ,扣紧 v.买 ,购置build [bild] by [bai]v.1.建筑 ,建筑 2.成立 3.增强 ,增进prep.1.在 ...旁边，凑近 2.到 (某时 )从前 ,不迟building ['bildi?]于 3.被 ,由 4.靠 ,经过 ,以 5.依据 ,依据 ad.在近n.1.建筑物 ,大楼 2.建筑旁 ,经过bunch [b?nt?]cabbage ['k?bid ?]n.束 ,捆 ,串n.洋白菜 ,卷心菜burden ['b?:d?n]cable ['keibl]n.担子 ,负担n.1.索 ,缆 2.电缆 ,海底电缆 3.电报 v.拍电报burn [b?:n]cake [keik]v.1.焚烧 ,烧着 2.烧毁 3.灼伤 n.烧伤 ,灼伤n.饼 ,糕 ,蛋糕burst [b?:st]calculate ['k?lkjuleit]v./n.爆炸 ,爆裂v.1.计算 ,核算 2.计划 ,打算bury ['beri]calendar ['k?lind ?]v.1.埋葬 ,葬 2.掩埋 ,埋藏n.日历 ,月历bus [b?s]call [k ?:l]n.公共汽车v.1.叫做 ,称为 2.叫,喊 3.打电话给 n.1.呼喊 , bush [bu?]n.灌木 ,灌木丛喊叫 2.接见 3.(一次 )电话 ,通电话business ['biznis] calm [ka:m]n.1.商业 ,买卖 2.事务 a.1.沉静的 ,无风的 2.冷静的 ,镇定的 v.使沉静 ,busy ['bizi]使镇定a.忙的 ,繁忙的 ,繁忙的camel ['k?m ?l]but [b?t]n.骆驼conj. 但是 ,但是 ,但是 prep.[ 常用于 nobody, all,camera ['k?m ?r?]who 等词后边 ] 除以外n.照相机.. camp [k?mp]n.野营 ,阵营 ,账篷 v.设营 ,宿营campaign [k?m'pein]n.战斗 ,运动campus ['k?mp ?s]n.(大学 )校园can [k?n,k ?n]aux.v.1.能 ,会 2.能够 3.可能 n.罐头Canada ['k?n ?d?]n.加拿大Canadian [k ?'neidj ?n]a.1.加拿大的 2.加拿大人的n.加拿大人canal [k ?'n?l]n.运河；水道；管道；浇灌沟渠cancel ['k?ns ?l]n.1.撤消，撤消 2.删去，划掉cancer ['k?ns ?]..基本的captain ['k?ptin]n.1.领袖 ,领袖 2.船长 ,舰长 3.队长v.带领 ,指挥capture ['k?pt ??]v./n.捕捉 ,俘获car [ka:]n.汽车 ,轿车carbon ['ka:b ?n]n.碳card [ka:d]n.卡 ,卡片 ,名片 ,信用卡care [k ε?]v.1.关心 ,介怀 2.喜爱 ,愿意n.1.当心 ,注意2.照顾 ,关心career [k ?'ri?]n.癌n.生涯 ,职业 ,经历candidate ['k?ndidit] careful ['k ε?ful]n.1.候选人 ,候补者 2.投考者 ,申恳求职者 a.当心的 ,认真的candle ['k?ndl] careless ['k ε?lis]n.蜡烛 a.马虎的 ,大意的cap [k?p] cargo ['ka:g?u]n.1.帽子 ,便帽 2.帽状物，盖，套，罩n.船货 ,货物capable ['keip ?bl] carpet ['ka:pit]a.有能力的，有才能的n.地毯capacity [k ?'p?siti] carry ['k?ri]n.1.容量，容积 2.能力v.1.运送 ,运载 ,携带 2.传递 ,输送capital ['k?pitl] cart [ka:t]n.1.资本 ,资本 2.国都 3.大写字母 a.主要的 , n.大车 ,手推车....case [keis]n.天花板n.1.状况 ,事实 2.病例 3.案件 4.箱,盒 ,容器celebrate ['selibreit]cash [k? ?]v.庆贺n.钱 ,现款cell [sel]cassette [k ?'set， k?'set] n.1.细胞 2.小室 3.电池cent [sent]n.盒式录音带n.1.分 ,分币 2.百（仅用于百分比per cent 一cast [ka:st]v.1.投 ,扔 ,抛 2.浇铸 ,锻造词中）castle ['ka:sl] centimeter ['senti,mi:t ?]n.城堡n.厘米 ,公分cat [k?t] central ['sentr?l]n.猫 a.1.中央的 ,中心的 2.主要的 ,起支配作用的catalog ['k?t ?l?:g] centre ['sent?](=catalogue)n. 目录 ,目录簿 (或册 )v.1. 将 ...编n.中心 ,中央 v.集中century ['sent?uri]入目录 2.将 (书本、资料等 )编目分类n.世纪 ,百年catch [k?t ?]ceremony ['serim ?ni]v.1.捉住，逮住，抓住 2.追上 ,追上 3.听清楚 ,n.1.典礼 , 仪式 2.礼仪 ,礼仪领悟 4.染上 ,感染certain ['s?:t?n]cattle ['k?tl]a.1.的确的 ,无疑的 2.必定的 ,必然的 3.某 ,某n.牛一cause [k ?:z]certainly ['s?:t?nli]n.1.原由 ,因由 ,原由 2.事业 (奋斗的 )目标 v.使ad.1.必然 ,必定 2.自然 ,行产生 ,惹起certificate [s?'tifikit]cave [keiv]n.证 (明 )书 ,执照n.洞窟 ,山洞chain [t ?ein]cease [si:s]n.1.链 ,链条 2.一连串 ,连串 v.用链条拴住v./n.停止 ,中断chair [t?ε?]ceiling ['si:li?]n.椅子chairman ['t?ε?mn]n.主席 ,议长 ,会长chalk [t??:k]n.白垩 ,粉笔challenge ['t??lind ?]n.挑战v.向 ...挑战champion ['t ??mpj ?n]n.冠军，得一等奖者chance [t?a:ns]n.1.时机，机会 2.可能性，有时性 3.机会，好运v.刚巧，有时发生change [t?eind?]n.1.改变，变化 2.找头，零钱v.1.改变，变化 2.换，兑换channel ['t ??nl]n.1.海峡，水道，航道2.渠道 3.频道chapter ['t??pt ?]n.章，回，篇character ['k?rikt ?]n.1.性格，质量 2.特征，特点 3.人物，角色 4.(书写或印刷 )符号， (汉 )字characteristic [,k?rikt ?'ristik]a.独有的，典型的n.特征，特点charge[t ?a:d?]v.1.索价，要 ...支付 2.指控，指控 3.充电n.1.价钱，花费 2.指控，指控 3.电荷，充电chart [t?a:t] n.图，图表cheap [t?i:p]a.1.低价的，廉价的 2.低质的，低质的cheat [t?i:t]v.欺骗，欺骗行为n.1.欺骗，欺骗行为 2.骗子check [t?ek]v.1.检查 ,查对 2.遏止 n.1.检查，查对 2.支票 , 账单cheer [t ?i?]v.1.使振奋 ,使快乐 2.喝彩 ,喝采 n.振奋 ,喝彩 , 喝采cheerful ['t?i?ful]a.快乐的 ,快乐的chemical ['kemik ?l]a.化学的 n.化学制品chemist ['kemist]n.化学家 ,药剂师chemistry ['kemistri]n.化学cheque [t?ek]n.支票chest [t?est]n.1.胸 ,胸腔 2.柜子 ,橱chicken ['t?ikin]n.小鸡 ,鸡肉chief [t?i:f]n.领袖 a.首要的child [t?aild]n.少儿 ,少儿childhood ['t ?aildhud]n.童年 ,幼年chin [t?in]n.下巴 ,颏China ['t?ain ?]n.1.中国 2.[china]Chinese [`t ?ai'ni:z]a.1.中国的 ,中国人的 2.中国话的 ,汉语的 n.1. 中国人 2.中国话 ,汉语chocolate ['t??k?lit]n.1.巧克力 ,巧克力糖 2.深褐色choice [t??is]n.1.选择 ,抉择 2.供选择的品种 a.上等的 ,优选的choose [t?u:z]v.选择 ,优选Christian ['kristj ?n]n.基督教徒Christmas ['krism ?s]n.圣诞节church [t??:t?]n.1.教堂cigarette [,sig?'ret]n.(=cigaret) 香烟 ,纸烟cinema ['sinim ?]n.1.电影 2.电影院circle ['s?:kl] n.1.圆 ,圆周 2.圈子 ,阶层v.围绕 ,旋转circuit ['s?:kit]n.1.电路 ,线路 2.环行 ,巡回circumstance ['s?:k?mst?ns]n.1.环境 ,条件 ,状况 2.[pl.] 客观局势citizen ['sitizn]n.1.公民 2.市民 , 城镇居民city ['siti]n.城市 ,都市civil ['sivl]a.1.公民的 ,公民个人的 2.国内的 ,公民间的3.文明的 ,有修养的civilization[,sivilai'zei ??n]n.文明 ,文化claim [kleim]v.1.宣称 , 自称 ,主张 2.对 ...提出要求，讨取n.要求，主张，断言clap [kl?p]v.拍手， (用手 )拍，击 n.拍手，鼓掌class[kla:s]n.1.班级 2.课，上课 3.阶级，社会等级 , 级别 4.种类，门类classical ['kl?sik ?l]a.古典的，经典的classify ['kl?sifai]v.把...分类，把 ...分级classmate ['kla:smeit]n.同班同学classroom ['kla:srum]n.教室，讲堂clean [kli:n]a.洁净的，洁净的v.把 ...弄洁净，除掉 ...的污垢clear [kli ?]a.1.清楚的，清楚的 2.明朗的 3.通畅的，无阻的ad.清楚地，清楚地v.1.使清亮，使明净 2.打扫，除去clerk [kla:k]n.店员，做事员，职员clever ['klev ?]a.聪慧的，灵巧的climate ['klaimit]n.天气climb [klaim]v./n.登攀，爬clock [kl ?k]n.钟close [kl ?uz,kl ?us]v. [kl ?uz]1.关，封闭 2.结束，停止a.[kl ?us]1.亲密的，亲密的 2.近的，凑近的3.严实的4.封闭的cloth [kl ?θ]n.1.布，织物，衣料 2.(一块 )抹布clothe [kl ?ue]v.给 ...穿衣服，给 ...供给衣服clothes [kl ?uez] n.衣服clothing ['kl ?uei?]n.服饰，穿着cloud [klaud]n.1.云 2.遮暗物，暗影 3.一大群cloudy [klaudi]a.1.多云的 2.云一般的 3.模糊不清的club [kl ?b]n.1.俱乐部，夜总会 2.棍棒，球棒clue [klu:]n.线索，提示coach [k ?ut?]n.1.长途公共汽车 2.(铁路 )游客车厢 3.教练v.训练，指导coal [k ?ul]n.煤，煤块coarse[k ?:s]a.1.粗的，粗拙的 2.粗劣的 3.庸俗的coat [k ?ut]n.1.上衣，外衣 2.表皮 3.层覆盖物v.涂上，盖上cock [k ?k]n.1.公鸡 2.龙头，旋塞，阀门coffee ['k ?fi]n.咖啡coin [k ?in]n.硬币，钱币 v.铸币cold [k ?uld]a.1.冷的，严寒的 2.冷漠的n.1.冷，严寒 2.....伤风，感冒n./v.讲解，议论collar ['k ?l?] commerce ['k ?m?:s]n.1.衣领，领子 2.(狗等的 )项圈n.商业，贸易colleague ['k ?li:g] commercial [k ?'m?:??l]n.同事，同僚 a.商业的，商务的collect [k ?'lekt] commit [k ?'mit]v.1.采集，齐集 2.取，接 3.收 (账、税等 ) v.犯(罪 )，干( 坏事 )collective [k ?'lektiv] committee [k ?'miti]a.集体的，共同的 n.集体，集体n.委员会college ['k ?lid ?] common ['k ?m?n]n.大学，学院 a.1.平时的，一般的 2.共同的colour ['k?l?] communicate [k ?'mju:nikeit]n.1.颜色，彩色 2.颜料 v.给 ...着色，染色v.1.传达，流传 2.沟通，通信，社交column ['k?l?m] communication [k ?,mju:ni'kei ??n]n.1.柱，圆柱 2.柱形物 3.(数) 列 4.栏，专栏n.1.传达，通信，沟通 2.(pl.) 通信系统，交(文章 ) 通系统comb [k ?um] communism ['k?mjuniz ?m]n.梳子 v.梳理n.共产主义combine [k ?m'bain] communist ['k ?mjunist]n.联合，联合，化合n.共产主义者，共产党员 a.共产主义的，come [k ?m]共产党的v.1.来，到达，到临 2.出现于 3.变为，成为community [k ?'mju:niti]comfort ['k ?mf?t]n.1.社区，社会 2.共同体n.宽慰，酣畅 v.宽慰，慰劳，使酣畅company ['k ?mp?ni]comfortable ['k ?mf ?t?bl]n.1.公司，商号 2.伙伴，陪伴a.酣畅的，舒畅的，酣畅的comparative [k ?m'p?r ?tiv]command [k ?'ma:nd]比较的，相对的v./n.命令，指挥，控制n.掌握，运用能力compare [k ?m'p ε?]comment ['k ?ment]v.比较，比较compass ['k ?mp?s] comrade ['k ?mrid,'k ?mreid]n.1.罗盘，罗盘仪 2.[pl.] 圆规n.同志，伙伴，朋友compete [k ?m'pi:t] concentrate ['k?ns?ntreit]v.竞争，比赛v.1.集中，专心 2.会合，齐集 3.浓缩n.浓competition [,k ?mpi'ti ??n]缩物n.竞争，比赛concept ['k ?nsept]complain [k ?m'plein]n.看法，看法，思想v.诉苦，发怨言concern [k ?n's?:n]complete [k ?m'pli:t]n.1.关心，牵挂 2.关系，关系 v.1.波及，有a.完好的，完好的，圆满的 v.达成，使完对于 2.关心，牵挂美concerning [k ?n's?:ni?]complex ['k ?mpleks]prep.对于a.1.组合的 2.复杂的 n.复合体concert ['k ?ns?t]complicated ['k ?mplikeitid]n.音乐会，演奏会a.复杂的，难懂的conclude [k ?n'klu:d]compose [k ?m'p?uz]v.1.推测出，推论出 2.作出 (最后 )决定 3.结v.1.构成，构成 2.创作 (音乐，文字作品 )，束，停止为...谱曲conclusion [k ?n'klu: ??n]composition [,k ?mp?'zi??n]n.1.结论，推论 2.结束，终结n.1.构成，构成，成分 2.作文，作品，乐曲condition [k ?n'di??n]3.写作，作曲n.1.状况，状态 2.[pl.] 环境compound [k ?m'paund,'k?mpaund] conduct ['k ?nd?kt]n.化合物，复合物 a.得分的，化合的v.1. 办理，管理 2. 指挥 3.传导，传 ( 热，comprehension [,k ?mpri'hen ??n]电 )n.举止，行为n.1.理解 (力 ) 2.理解力测试conference ['k ?nf?r?ns]comprehensive [`k ?mpri'hensiv]n.(正式 )会议宽泛的，综合的confess [k ?n'fes]computer [k ?m'pju:t ?]v.坦率 ,招供 ,认可n.计算机，电脑confidence ['k ?nfid ?ns] conservative [k ?n's?:v?tiv]n.1.相信，信心，自信 2.私下里说的话 a.保守的 ,保守的 ,传统的 n.保守的人 ,反对进confident ['k ?nfid ?nt]步的人a.确信的 ,自信的consider [k ?n'sid?]confirm [k ?n'f?:m]v.1.认为 ,把 ...看作 2.考虑 ,细想 3.关心 ,考虑到v.1.证明 ,必定 ,确定 2.坚固 ,增强 3.赞成 ,确认considerable [k ?n'sid?r ?bl]conflict ['k ?nflikt,k ?n'flikt]a.1.相当大的 2.值得考虑的n./v.矛盾 ,反抗 ,战斗consist [k?n'sist]confuse [k ?n'fju:z]v.1.(of) 构成 ,构成 2.(in) 存于 ,存在于v.使杂乱 ,混杂constitution [,k ?nsti'tju: ??n]congratulate [k ?n'gr?tjuleit]n.1.章程 ,宪法 2.体质 ,素质 3.结构v.庆祝 ,向 ...道贺construction [k ?n'str?k??n]congress ['k ??gres]n.1.建筑 ,结构 2.建筑物 ,建筑物n.1.代表大会 2.国会 ,议会consult [k ?n's?lt]connect [k ?'nekt]v.1.讨教 ,向 ...咨询，找 ...商议 2.查阅，查察v.连结，连结，联系consume [k ?n'sju:m]conquer ['k ??k?]v.耗费，花销v.1.攻陷 ,征服 2.破除 ,战胜contact ['k ?nt?kt]conscious ['k?n??s]v./n.接触，联系，交往a.1.意识到的 ,自觉的 2.存心的 ,存心的 3.神志contain [k ?n'tein]清醒的v.1.包含，容纳 2.相当于 ,折合consent [k ?n'sent] content ['k ?ntent]n.赞成 ,同意 v.(to) 赞成 ,同意n.1.[pl] 内容consequence ['k ?nsikw ?ns] contest [k ?n'test,'k?ntest]n.结果 ,结果n. ['k?ntest]竞争 ,比赛 ,比赛 v. [k ?n'test]比赛 ,consequently ['k ?nsikw ?ntli]比赛 ,争辩ad.所以 ,所以continent ['k ?ntin ?nt]conservation [,k ?ns?'vei??n]n.大陆 ,洲n.1.保留 ,保护 2.守恒 ,不灭continual [k ?n'tinju ?l]cook [kuk]a.从不中断的，不断的v.烹饪 ,煮 ,烧 n.厨子 ,炊事员continue [k ?n'tinju:]cool [ku:l]v.延长 ,连续 ,坚持下去a.1.凉的 ,凉爽的 2.沉着的 ,冷漠的 v.使变凉 , continuous [k?n'tinju ?s]a.不断延长的 ,连续不断的使沉着下来contract ['k ?ntr?kt,k ?n'tr?kt] cooperate [k ?u'?p?reit]n. ['k ?ntr?kt]( 承包 ) 合同 .( 承包 ) 契约vi. 合作 ,协作 ,配合cope [k ?up]v.[k?n'tr?kt]1. 订合同 ,订契约 2.使减小 ,使收v.(with)1. 竞争 ,抗衡 2.对付 ,妥当办理缩copper ['k ?p?]contrary ['k ?ntr?ri]n.1.铜 2.铜制品 ,铜币a.相反的 ,抗衡的 n.相反 ,相反事物 ,对峙面copy ['k ?pi]contrast ['k ?ntra:st,k?n'tra:st]n.1.抄件 ,副本 2.(一) 本 ,(一)份 v.抄录 ,复印 ,临v.['k?n'tra:st]1. 对照 ,比较 2.形成对照 ,对照之摹下显出差异core [k ?:]n.['k ?ntra:st] 对照 ,比较 v.形成对照 ,对照之下n.1.果心 2.核心 ,最重要部分 ,重点corn [k ?:n]显出差异n.谷物 ,小麦 ,玉米contribute [k ?n'tribju:t]corner ['k ?:n?]v.1.捐赠 ,捐助 ,贡献 2.投稿n.1.角 ,墙角 2.街角 ,弯角control [k ?n'tr?ul]corporation [,k ?:p?'rei??n]v./n.1.控制 ,支配 2.控制 ,克制n.公司convenient [k ?n'vi:nj ?nt]correct [k?'rekt]a.省力的 ,方便的a.1.正确的 ,对的 2.适合的 ,得体的 v.更正 ,纠conversation [,k ?nv?'sei??n]n.(友善 ,随意的 )发言 ,会话正convey [k ?n'vei] correspond [,k ?ri'sp?nd]v.1.传递 ,传达 ,表达 2.运送 ,输送v.1.(to, with) 相切合 ,成一致 2.(to) 相当 ,相类convince [k ?n'vins]似 3.(with) 通信v.使确信 ,使服气。
大学英语专升本考纲
湖北文理学院2018年“专升本”《大学英语》考试大纲总述湖北文理学院《大学英语》“专升本”考试以教育部颁布的《普通高等专科学校英语课程教学基本要求》和《大学英语教学要求》为参考依据，考试总体难度介于湖北省高等学校英语应用能力等级考试和全国高等学校大学英语四级考试之间。
测试考生英语语言知识和语言技能，包括一般性语言内容和涉外业务有关的内容。
考试形式为笔试，采用主客观混合题型，以保证良好的信度和效度。
考试内容包括五个部分：内容为听力理解、阅读理解、词语用法和语法结构、翻译和作文等。
一、考试对象：本考试适用于已完成高职教育英语课程的高等职业教育、普通高等专科教育各非英语专业的学生报考我校“专升本”考生。
二、考试性质：教学----水平选拔能力测试。
三、考试题型：考试题型为听力理解、词汇与结构、阅读理解、翻译和写作五部分组成。
四、考试型的时间与分数权重：考试方法和时间：闭卷。
笔答。
考试时间为120分钟。
试卷满分为100分。
五、考试内容及要求：1、听力理解：这部分共20个选择题题，有A、B和C节共三部分组成。
A节是由5个短对话构成，每个对话之后有一个问题，每段对话读一遍。
B节由两篇长对话组成，每篇对话之后有2—3个问题，共5道题。
每段对话读两遍。
其目的在于测试考生接受、理解和记忆音响信息的能力，要求考生在考试限定的时间内对所听到的内容做出果断的抉择。
C节为一篇短文，其测试方法为spot dictation，要求考生填写missing words或missing sentences等，共10个空。
其目的在于测试考生接受、理解和记忆音响信息的能力，要求考试在限定时间对音响信息做出果断抉择。
2、词汇和语法结构：参见《高职高专教育英语课程教学基本要求》和《高等学校英语应用能力考试大纲和样题》所规定的词汇和语法项目；词汇题是考察考生对词汇及词组的辩异能力以及在句子中的具体运用，专升本《大学英语》要求掌握4000个词汇，可参考四级词汇和短语复习。
2018年西华大学专升本
（一）报考条件:根据文件规定，西华大学专升本，本次考试选拔对象，应符合以下条件：1.在校期间政治思想表现优秀，遵守校纪校规，文明礼貌，未受到任何处分。
2.学历要求：具有本科专业对口，无重考无重修记录，身心健康。
3.平时必修课程和限选课程学习成绩优秀和综合素质好。
4.以综合考试成绩为录取依据，首先按各专业实考人数划定分数资格线，再按成绩从高到低择优录取。
5.综合考试成绩将在录取前公示7天，录取过程中，如果有排名在录取名额内的考生自愿放弃，在名额外的学生按顺序递补。
（二）报考事项：历年真题QQ在线咨询：363、916、816张老师。
学校各相关学院成立工作小组，确定工作中的相关政策和办法研究重大事项；负责本学院考试工作的组织宣传事项和实施工作；完成报考成绩的统计及综合排名汇总材料并上报填表。
1.各学院要先完成报考专业的成绩进行排名，根据名单确定考生的具体范围。
2.符合上述条件的参加综合考试，根据报考专业并提交书面申请材料审核。
3.工作领导小组审核汇总名单后，将公示7天，期满后不再提示。
4.各相关专业按照考试科目的顺序依次进行。
5.考试成绩以书面通知形式发到学生本人。
（三）考试流程:1.参加初试并获得复试资格的考生，应在复试前填写相关表格，按规定时间提供自身研究潜能的材料，攻读大学阶段的研究计划、科研成果等。
2.报考考生的资格审查由领导小组进行审查，对考生料进行审阅符合报考条件的考生统计填表。
3.我校采取笔试、口试或两者相兼的方式进行差额复试，以进一步安排加强进行考察学生的专业基础、综合分析能力、解决实际问题的能力和各种应用能力等。
具体比例由学校根据本学科、专业特点及生源状况安排。
（四）复习方略：1.要点内容很多考生贯彻各种各样的资料，其实关键要能保证你进行的系统性。
因此整个阶段应该以真题为主，以精读的方式对教材重点章节相关要点，对教程有一个纲领性的认识。
对课后题必须要掌握，很多知识点题都出自课后。
专业基础知识、该专业关注的研究方向。
2018西华大学专升本英语真题答案
2018西华大学专升本英语真题答案1、He has two sisters but I have not _____. [单选题] *A. noneB. someC. onesD. any(正确答案)2、76．AC Milan has confirmed that the England star David Beckham （）the team soon. [单选题] *A. has rejoinedB. was going to rejoinC. rejoinedD. is to rejoin(正确答案)3、36．The students will go to the Summer Palace if it __________ tomorrow. [单选题] *A．won’t rainB．isn’t rainingC．doesn’t rain (正确答案)D．isn’t rain4、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A. Yes, I wasB. No, I don’tC. Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D. No, that’s no problem5、There is _______ meat in the fridge.Lets go and buy some. [单选题] *A. little(正确答案)B. a littleC. fewD. a few6、You have failed two tests. You’d better start working harder, ____ you won’t pass the course. [单选题] *A. andB. soC. butD. or(正确答案)7、I have worked all day. I'm so tired that I need _____ . [单选题] *A. a night restB. rest of nightC. a night's rest(正确答案)D. a rest of night8、The soldiers were_____of running away when the enemy attacked. [单选题] *A.chargedB.accused(正确答案)C.scoldedD.estimated9、17．—When ________ they leave here?—Tomorrow morning. [单选题] *A．doB．will(正确答案)C．doesD．are10、One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but at least can help cover my living（）. [单选题] *A. billsB. expenses(正确答案)C. pricesD. charges11、( ) _____ New York _____ London have traffic problems. [单选题] *A. All…andB. Neither….norC. Both…and(正确答案)D. Either…or12、She _______ so much _______ her mother. [单选题] *A. looks; like(正确答案)B. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forwards; to13、What about _______ there by bike? [单选题] *A. goesB. wentC. goD. going(正确答案)14、The students _____ outdoors when the visitors arrived. [单选题] *A. were playing(正确答案)B. have playedC. would playD. could play15、These apples smell _____ and taste ______. [单选题] *A. well; wellB. good; good(正确答案)C. well; goodD. good; well16、You should take the medicine after you read the _______. [单选题] *A. linesB. wordsC. instructions(正确答案)D. suggestions17、72．—? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??—Yes, please. I want a sweater. [单选题] * A．How muchB．Can I help you(正确答案)C．Excuse meD．What will you take18、In the future, people ______ a new kind of clothes that will be warm when they are cold, and cool when they’re hot.（）[单选题] *A. wearB. woreC. are wearingD. will wear(正确答案)19、The little girl held _____ in her hand. [单选题] *A. five breadsB. five piece of breadsC. five piece of breadD. five pieces of bread(正确答案)20、Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people_____harm them. [单选题] *A.more thanB.other thanC.rather than(正确答案)D.better than21、It seems slow for children to become _____ ,while adults often feel time flies. [单选题] *A. growns-upsB. growns-upC. grown upsD. grown-ups(正确答案)22、67．—What can I do for you?—I'm looking at that dress.It looks nice.May I ________？[单选题] *A．hold it onB．try it on(正确答案)C．take it offD．get it off23、If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask him to leave a _____. [单选题] *A. message(正确答案)B. letterC. sentenceD. notice24、_______ your help, I passed the English exam. [单选题] *A. ThanksB. Thanks to(正确答案)C. Thank youD. Thank to25、It is an online platform _____ people can buy and sell many kinds of things. [单选题] * A．whenB. where(正确答案)C．thatD．which26、24．I often ask my English teacher some questions ________ e-mail. [单选题] * A．by(正确答案)B．inC．forD．with27、____ China is ____ old country with ____ long history. [单选题] *A. /, an, a(正确答案)B. The, an, aC. /, an, /D. /, the, a28、My brother is too shy. He _______ speaks in front of lots of people. [单选题] *A. alwaysB. usuallyC. seldom(正确答案)D. sometimes29、Li Lei often takes a walk early ______ the morning.（）[单选题] *A. atB. onC. in(正确答案)D. for30、( ) They have_____ useful dictionary. They want to lend it___ us. [单选题] *A. an; forB. a; fromC. an; toD. a; to(正确答案)。
2018高考英语考试大纲 (2).doc
2018高考考试大纲考核目标与要求一、语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题（见附录1至附录5），要求词汇量为3500左右。
二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。
2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。
考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。
4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。
考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。
附录1 语音项目表1. 基本读音(1) 26个字母的读音(2) 元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3) 元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4) 元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5) 常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6) 辅音字母组合的读音(7) 辅音连缀的读音(8) 成节音的读音2. 重音(1) 单词重音(2) 句子重音3. 读音的变化(1) 连读(2) 失去爆破(3) 弱读(4) 同化4. 语调与节奏(1) 意群与停顿(2) 语调(3) 节奏5. 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6. 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7. 主要英语国家的英语语音差异附录2 语法项目表1. 名词(1) 可数名词及其单复数(2) 不可数名词(3) 专有名词(4) 名词所有格2. 代词(1) 人称代词(2) 物主代词(3) 反身代词(4) 指示代词(5) 不定代词(6) 疑问代词3. 数词(1) 基数词(2) 序数词4. 介词和介词短语5. 连词6. 形容词(比较级和最高级)7. 副词(比较级和最高级)8. 冠词9. 动词(1) 动词的基本形式(2) 系动词(3) 及物动词和不及物动词(4) 助动词(5) 情态动词10. 时态(1) 一般现在时(2) 一般过去时(3) 一般将来时(4) 现在进行时(5) 过去进行时(6) 过去将来时(7) 将来进行时(8) 现在完成时(9) 过去完成时(10) 现在完成进行时11. 被动语态12. 非谓语动词(1) 动词不定式(2) 动词的-ing形式(3) 动词的-ed形式13. 构词法(1) 合成法(2) 派生法(3) 转化法(4) 缩写和简写14. 句子种类(1) 陈述句(2) 疑问句(3) 祈使句(4) 感叹句15. 句子成分(1) 主语(2) 谓语(3) 表语(4) 宾语(5) 定语(6) 状语(7) 补语16. 简单句的基本句型17. 主谓一致18. 并列复合句19. 主从复合句(1) 宾语从句(2) 状语从句(3) 定语从句(4) 主语从句(5) 表语从句20. 间接引语21. 省略22. 倒装23. 强调24. 虚拟语气附录3 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往(Social Communications)(1) 问候(Greetings)(2) 介绍(Introduction)(3) 告别(Farewells )(4) 感谢(Thanks )(5) 道歉(Apologies)(6) 邀请(Invitation)(7) 请求允许(Asking for permission)(8) 祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9) 提供帮助(Offering help)(10) 接受和拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)(11) 约会(Making appointments)(12) 打电话(Making telephone calls)(13) 就餐(Having meals)(14) 就医(Seeing the doctor)(15) 购物(Shopping)(16) 问路(Asking the way)(17) 谈论天气(Talking about weather)(18) 语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19) 提醒注意(Reminding)(20) 警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21) 劝告(Advice)(22) 建议(Suggestions)2. 态度(Attitudes)(23) 同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24) 喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25) 肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26) 可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27) 能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28) 偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29) 意愿和打算(Intentions and plans)(30) 希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31) 表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32) 责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33) 冷淡(Indifference)(34) 判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感(Emotions)(35) 高兴(Happiness)(36) 惊奇(Surprise)(37) 忧虑(Worries)(38) 安慰(Reassurance)(39) 满意(Satisfaction)(40) 遗憾(Regret)(41) 同情(Sympathy)(42) 恐惧(Fear)(43) 愤怒(Anger)4. 时间(Time)(44) 时刻(Point of time)(45) 时段(Duration)(46) 频度(Frequency)(47) 时序(Sequence)5. 空间(Space)(48) 位置(Position)(49) 方向(Direction)(50) 距离(Distance)6. 存在(Existence)(51) 存在与不存在(Existence and Non-existence) 7. 特征(Features)(52) 形状(Shape)(53) 颜色(Colour)(54) 材料(Material)(55) 价格(Price)(56) 规格(Size)(57) 年龄(Age)8. 计量(Measurement)(58) 长度(Length)(59) 宽度(Width)(60) 高度(Height)(61) 数量(Number)9. 比较(Comparison)(62) 同级比较(Equal comparison)(63) 差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64) 相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系(Logical relations)(65) 原因和结果(Cause and effect)(66) 目的(Purpose)11. 职业(Occupations)(67) 工作(Jobs)(68) 单位(Employer)附录4 话题项目表1. 个人情况(Personal information)2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends and people around)3. 周围的环境(Personal environments)4. 日常活动(Daily routines)5. 学校生活(School life)6. 兴趣与爱好(Interests and hobbies)7. 个人感情(Emotions)8. 人际关系(Interpersonal relationships)9. 计划与愿望(Plans and intentions)10. 节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)11. 购物(Shopping)12. 饮食(Food and drink)13. 健康(Health)14. 天气(Weather)15. 文娱与体育(Entertainment and sports)16. 旅游和交通(Travel and transport)17. 语言学习(Language learning)18. 自然(Nature)19. 世界与环境(The world and the environment)20. 科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)21. 热点话题(Topical issues)22. 历史与地理(History and geography)23. 社会(Society)24. 文学与艺术(Literature and art)附录5 词汇表Aa(an) artabandon vability nable aabnormal aaboard prepabolish vabortion nabout ad & prepabove prep,a& adabroad adabrupt aabsence nabsent aabsolute aabsorb vabstract a & nabsurd aabundant aabuse vacademic a & nacademy n accelerate vaccent naccept vaccess n & v accessible a accident n accommodation n accompany v accomplish v account n accountant n accumulate v accuracy n accurate aaccuse v accustomed aache v & nachieve v achievement nacid a acknowledge v acquaintance n acquire v acquisition nacre nacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nactor nactress nactual aacute aAD abbrad=advertisement n adapt vadaptation nadd vaddicted aaddition naddress n adequate aadjust v adjustment n administration n admirable a admire v admission n admit v adolescence n adolescent a & n adopt vadore vadult nadvance v & n advantage n adventure n advertise v advertisement n advice nadvise v advocate vaffair naffect v affection n afford vafraid aAfrica nAfrican a & n after ad,prep&conj afternoon n afterward(s) ad again adagainst prepage nagency n agenda nagent n aggressive aago adagree v agreement n agricultural a agriculture n ahead adaid n & vAIDS naim n & vair naircraft nairline nairmail nalbum nalcohol nalcoholic a & n algebra nalike adalive aall ad,a&pronallergic aalley nallocate vallow vallowance nalmost adalone aalong ad & prep alongside adaloud adalphabet nalready adalso adalternative a although conjaltitude naltogether ad aluminium(Am aluminum) n always adam v(be)a.m./am,A.M./AM abbr amateur aamaze vamazing a ambassador n ambassadress n ambiguous a ambition n ambulance n America namong prepamount n & vample aamuse v amusement n analyse v analysis n ancestor n anchor v & n ancient aand conj anecdote n anger nangle nangry aanimal nankle n anniversary n announce v annoy vannual a another a &pron Antarctic a antique n anxiety n anxious aany pron& a anybody pron anyhow ad anyone pron anything pron anyway ad anywhere ad apart ad & a apartment n apologize v apology n apparent a appeal v & n appear v appearance n appendix n appetite n applaud v & n apple n applicant n application n apply vappoint v appointment n appreciate v appreciation napproach n & v appropriate a approval n approve v approximately ad apron narbitrary aarch narchitect n architecture n Arctic aare v(be)area nargue v argument narise(arose,arisen) v arithmetic narm n & v armchair narmy naround ad & prep arrange v arrangement n arrest varrival narrive varrow nart narticle nartificial aartist nas ad,conj& prep ash nashamed aAsia nAsian a & naside adask vasleep aaspect nassess v assessment n assist v assistance n assistant n associate v association nassume vassumption nastonish vastronaut nastronomer nastronomy nat prepathlete nathletic aAtlantic aatmosphere natom nattach vattack v & nattain vattempt v & nattend vattention nattitude nattract vattraction nattractive aaudience naunt nauthentic aauthor nauthority nautomatic aautonomous aautumn navailable aavenue naverage a & navoid vawake(awoke,awoken) v & a award naware aaway adawesome aawful aawkward aBbaby nbachelor nback ad,a& nbackground n backward(s) ad bacon nbacterium(pl bacteria) n bad(worse,worst) a badminton nbag nbaggage nbakery nbalance nbalcony nball nballet nballoon nbamboo nban n & vbanana nband nbandage nbank nbar nbarbecue nbarber n barbershop nbare abargain n & vbark v & nbarrier nbase nbaseball n basement nbasic abasin nbasis nbasket nbasketball nbat nbath nbathe vbathroom nbathtub nbattery nbattle nbay nBC abbrbe(am,is,are,was, were,being,been) v beach nbean nbean curd nbear1 nbear2 vbeard nbeast nbeat(beat,beaten) v & n beautiful abeauty nbecause conjbecome(became,become) v bed nbeddings nbedroom nbee nbeef nbeer nbefore prep,ad&conjbeg vbegin(began,begun) v behalf nbehave vbehavior (Am behavior) n behind prep & adbeing nbelief nbelieve vbell nbelly nbelong vbelow prepbelt nbench nbend(bent,bent) v beneath prepbeneficial abenefit n & vbent a & nbeside prepbesides prep & adbetray vbetween prepbeyond prepbicycle nbid v & nbig abike=bicycle nbill nbingo n biochemistry n biography n biology nbird nbirth nbirthday n birthplace n biscuit nbishop nbit nbite(bit,bitten) v bitter ablack a & n blackboard n blame n & vblank n & a blanket nbleed vbless vblind ablock n & vblood nblouse nblow(blew,blown) v blue n & aboard n & vboat nbody nboil vbomb n & vbond n & vbone nbonus nbook n & vboom n & vboot nbooth nborder nbored aboring aborn a borrow vboss nbotanical abotany nboth a &pronbother vbottle nbottom nbounce vbound aboundary nbow v & nbowl nbowling nbox nboxing nboy nboycott vbrain nbrake n & vbranch nbrand nbrave abravery nbread nbreak(broke,broken) v & n breakfast n breakthrough nbreast nbreath nbreathe vbreathless abrewery nbrick nbride nbridegroom nbridge nbrief abright abrilliant abring(brought,brought) v broad abroadcast(broadcast, broadcast或-ed,-ed) v brochure nbroken abroom nbrother nbrown n & abrunch nbrush v & nBuddhism nbudget nbuffet nbuild(built,built) v building nbunch nbungalow nburden nbureaucratic aburglar nburn(burnt,burnt或-ed,-ed) v & nburst vbury vbus nbush nbusiness n businessman/woman(pl businessmen/ women) n busy abut conj& prepbutcher n & vbutter nbutterfly nbutton n & vbuy(bought,bought) vby prepbye intCcab ncabbage ncafe ncafeteria ncage ncake ncalculate vcall n & vcalm a & vcamel ncamera ncamp n & v campaign ncan1(could);can’t=cannot modal v can2 ncanal ncancel vcancer ncandidate ncandle ncandy ncanteen ncap ncapital ncapsule ncaptain ncaption ncar ncarbon ncard ncare n & vcareful acareless a carpenter ncarpet ncarriage ncarrier ncarrot ncarry vcartoon ncarve vcase ncash n & vcassette ncast(cast,cast) v castle ncasual acat ncatalogue n catastrophe ncatch(caught,caught) v category ncater vCatholic acattle ncause n & vcaution ncautious acave nCD=compact disk n ceiling ncelebrate v celebration ncell ncent ncentigrade a centimetre(Am centimeter) n central acentre(Am center) n century nceremony ncertain acertificate nchain nchair nchairman/woman(pl chairmen/women) n chalk nchallenge n challenging a champion nchance nchange n & v changeable a channel nchant v & nchaos nchapter ncharacter n characteristic a & n charge v & nchart nchat n & vcheap acheat n & vcheck n & vcheek ncheer n & vcheerful acheers intcheese nchef n chemical a & n chemist nchemistry ncheque(Am check) n chess nchest nchew vchicken nchief a & nchild(pl children) n childhood n chocolate nchoice nchoir nchoke n & vchoose(chose,chosen) v chopsticks nchorus nChristian n Christmas nchurch ncigar ncigarette ncinema ncircle n & vcircuit ncirculate v circumstance ncircus ncitizen ncity ncivil acivilian ncivilization nclap vclarify vclass nclassic aclassify vclassmate n classroom nclaw nclay nclean v & acleaner nclear aclerk nclever aclick vclimate nclimb vclinic nclock nclone vclose a & adcloth nclothes nclothing ncloud ncloudy aclub nclumsy acoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncocoa ncoffee ncoin ncoincidence ncoke ncold a & ncollar ncolleague ncollect vcollection ncollege ncollision ncolour(Am color) n & v comb n & vcombine vcome(came,come) v comedy ncomfort n comfortable a command n & v comment n commercial a commit v commitment n committee n common a communicate v communication n communism n communist n & a companion n company n compare v compass n compensate v compete v competence n competition n complete a & v complex a & n component n composition n comprehension n compromise v compulsory a computer n concentrate v concept n concern v & n concert n conclude v conclusion n concrete a condemn v condition n conduct v conductor n conference n confident a confidential a confirm v conflict n confuse v congratulate v congratulation n connect v connection n conscience n consensus n consequence n conservation n conservative aconsider v considerate a consideration n consist v consistent a constant a constitution n construct v construction n consult v consultant n consume v contain v container n contemporary a content1 n content2 a continent n continue v contradict v contradictory a contrary n & a contribute v contribution n control v & n controversial a convenience n convenient a conventional a conversation n convey v convince v cook n & v cooker n cookie ncool acopy n & v corn ncorner n corporation n correct v & a correction n correspond v corrupt a & v cost n & vcosy(Am cozy) a cottage ncotton n & acough n & vcould modal v count vcounter ncountry n countryside n couple ncourage ncourse ncourt ncourtyard ncousin ncover n & vcow ncrash v & ncrayon ncrazy acream ncreate vcreature ncredit ncrew ncrime ncriminal n criterion(pl criteria) n crop ncross n & v crossing n crossroads ncrowd n & vcruel acry n & vcube ncubic acuisine nculture ncup ncupboard ncure n & vcurious acurrency n curriculum n curtain ncushion ncustom ncustomer ncustoms ncut(cut,cut) v & n cycle vcyclist ndad=daddy ndaily a,ad& ndam ndamage n & vdamp a & ndance n & vdanger n dangerous adare v & modal v dark a & n darkness ndash v & ndata ndatabase ndate n & vdaughter ndawn nday ndead adeadline ndeaf adeal ndear adeath ndebate n & vdebt ndecade ndecide vdecision ndeclare vdecline vdecorate v decoration n decrease vdeed ndeep a & addeer ndefeat vdefence(Am defense) n defend v degree ndelay n & vdelete v & n deliberately ad delicate adelicious adelight ndelighted adeliver vdemand vdentist n department(Dept.) n departure ndepend vdeposit v & ndepth ndescribe v description ndesert v & n deserve vdesign v & ndesire v & ndesk ndesperate adessert n destination n destroy vdetective n determine v develop v development n devote vdevotion ndiagram ndial vdialogue(Am dialog) n diamond ndiary ndictation n dictionary ndie vdiet ndiffer vdifference n different adifficult adifficulty ndig(dug,dug) v digest vdigital a dignity n dilemma n dimension n dinner n dinosaur n dioxide ndip vdiploma n direct a & v direction n director n directory n dirty a disability n disabled a disadvantage n disagree v disagreement n disappear v disappoint v disappointed a disaster n discount n discourage v discover v discovery n discrimination n discuss v discussion n disease n disgusting a dish ndisk=disc n dislike v dismiss v distance n distant a distinction n distinguish v distribute v district n disturb v disturbing adive vdiverse adivide vdivision ndivorce vdizzy ado(did,done) v doctor n document ndog ndoll ndollar ndonate vdoor ndormitory(dorm) n dot ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown prep & ad download n & v downstairs ad downtown ad,n& a dozen nDr=doctor ndraft n & vdrag vdraw(drew,drawn) v drawback ndrawer ndream(dreamt,dreamt 或-ed,-ed) n & v dress n & vdrill n & vdrink(drank,drunk) v drive(drove,driven) v driver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndrunk adry v & aduck ndue adull adumpling nduring prepdusk ndust ndustbin ndusty aduty nDVD=digital versatile disk n dynamic adynasty nEeach a &proneager aeagle near nearly a & adearn vearth nearthquake neast a,ad& nEaster neastern aeasy aeat(ate,eaten) vecology nedge nedition neditor neducate veducation neducator neffect neffort negg neggplant neither a,conj& adelder nelect velectric aelectrical aelectricity nelectronic aelegant aelephant nelse ade-mail n & vembarrass v embassy n emergency n emperor n employ vempty a encourage v encouragement n end n & vending nendless aenemy n energetic a energy nengine n engineer nenjoy v enjoyable a enlarge venough pron,a& ad enquiry nenter v enterprise n entertainment n enthusiastic a entire aentrance nentry nenvelope n environment n envy v & nequal a & v equality nequip v equipment n eraser nerror nerupt vescape n & v especially ad essay nEurope n European a & n evaluate veven adevening nevent neventually adever adevery a everybody pron everyday a everyone pron everything pron everywhere ad evidence nevident a evolution nexact aexam=examination n examine v example n excellent aexcept prep exchange n & v excite vexcuse n & v exercise n & v exhibition nexist vexistence nexit nexpand vexpect v expectation n expense n expensive a experience n experiment n expert nexplain v explanation n explicit aexplode vexplore vexport n & v expose vexpress v & n expression n extension nextra a extraordinary a extreme a eye neyesight nFface n & vfacial afact nfactory nfade vfail v & nfailure nfair1 afair2 nfaith nfall1(fell,fallen) vfall2(Am)=autumn nfalse afamiliar afamily nfamous afan nfancy n,v& afantastic afantasy nfar(farther,farthest或further,furthest) a & ad fare nfarm nfarmer nfast a & adfasten vfat n & afather nfault nfavour(Am favor) n favourite(Am favorite) a & n fax n & vfear nfeast nfeather nfederal afee nfeed(fed,fed) vfeel(felt,felt) vfeeling nfellow nfemale a & nfence nferry nfestival n & afetch vfever nfew pron& afibre(Am fiber) nfiction nfield nfierce afight(fought,fought) n & v figure n & vfile nfill vfilm n & vfinal afinance nfind(found,found) vfine1 afine2 vfinger nfingernail nfinish v & nfire n & vfireworks nfirm1 nfirm2 afish n & vfisherman nfist nfit a & vfix vflag nflame nflash nflashlight nflat1 aflat2 nflee(fled,fled) vflesh nflexible aflight nfloat vflood n & vfloor nflour n flow vflower nflu nfluency nfluent afly1(flew,flown) vfly2 nfocus v & nfog nfoggy afold vfolk n & afollow vfond afood nfool n & vfoolish afoot(pl feet) nfootball nfor prep &conjforbid(forbade,forbidden) v force vforecast n & vforehead nforeign aforeigner nforesee(foresaw,foreseen) v forest nforever adforget(forgot,forgot/forgotten) v forgetful aforgive(forgave,forgiven) v fork nform n & vformat nformer afortnight nfortunate afortune nforward adfoster vfound vfountain nfox nfragile afragrant aframework nfranc nfree afreedom nfreeway nfreeze(froze,frozen) v freezing afrequent afresh afriction nfridge=refrigerator n friend nfriendly a friendship n frighten vfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfrontier nfrost nfruit nfry vfuel nfull afun n & afunction n & v fundamental a funeral nfunny afur nfurnished a furniture nfuture nGgain vgallery ngallon ngame ngarage ngarbage ngarden ngarlic ngarment ngas ngate ngather v gay ageneral a & n generation n generous agentle agentleman n geography n geometry ngesture nget(got,got) vgift ngifted agiraffe ngirl ngive(gave,given) vglad aglance vglare vglass nglobe nglory nglove nglue ngo(went,gone) vgoal ngoat ngod ngold n & agolden agolf ngood(better,best) a goods ngoose(pl geese) n govern vgovernment ngrade ngradual agraduate vgraduation ngrain ngram ngrammar ngrand agrandchild n granddaughter n grandma=grandmother ngrandpa=grandfather n grandparents n grandson ngranny ngrape ngraph ngrasp vgrass ngrateful agravity ngreat a & adgreedy agreen a & n greengrocer ngreet vgreeting ngrey(Am gray) agrill ngrocer ngrocery nground ngroup ngrow(grew,grown) v growth nguarantee vguard nguess vguest nguidance nguide nguilty aguitar ngun ngym=gymnasium n gymnastics nHhabit nhair nhaircut nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger n hammer nhand n & v handbag n handful nhandkerchief nhandle n & vhandsome ahandwriting nhandy ahang(hung,hung或-ed,-ed) v happen vhappiness nhappy aharbour(Am harbor) nhard ad & ahardly adhardship nhardworking aharm n & vharmful aharmony nharvest n & vhat nhatch vhate v &nhave(has,had,had) vhe pronhead n & vheadache nheadline nheadmaster n headmistress nhealth nhealthy ahear(heard,heard) v hearing nheart nheat nheaven nheavy aheel nheight nhelicopter nhello inthelmet nhelp n & vhelpful ahen nher pronherb nhere adhero nhers pronherself pronhesitate vhi inthide(hid,hidden) vhigh a & adhighway nhill nhim pronhimself pronhire vhis pronhistory nhit(hit,hit) v & n hobby nhold(held,held) vhole nholiday nholy ahome n & ad homeland n hometown n homework nhonest ahoney nhonour(Am honor) n & v hook n & vhope n & vhopeful ahopeless ahorrible ahorse nhospital nhost n & vhostess nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousewife n housework nhow ad however ad &conj howl vhug vhuge ahuman a & n human being n humorous a humour(Am humor) n hunger nhungry ahunt vhunter nhurricane nhurry vhurt(hurt,hurt) v husband n hydrogen nII pronice nice-cream nidea nidentity n identification n idiom nif conjignore vill aillegal aillness nimagine v immediately ad immigration n import v & n importance n important a impossible a impress v impression n improve vin prep & adinch nincident ninclude vincome nincrease v & nindeed a independence n independent a indicate v industry n influence n & v inform v information n initial ainjure vinjury nink ninn ninnocent a insect ninsert vinside prep & ad insist vinspect v inspire v instant a instead ad institute n institution n instruct v instruction n instrument n insurance n insure v intelligence n intend v intention n interest n interesting a international a Internet n interpreter n interrupt v interval n interview n & v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention n invitation n invite viron n & virrigation nis v(be)island nit pronits pronitself pronJjacket njam njar njaw njazz njeans njeep njet njewellery(Am jewelry) n job njog vjoin vjoke njournalist njourney njoy njudge n & vjudgement(Am judgment) njuice njump n & vjungle njunior ajust a & adjustice nKkangaroo nkeep(kept,kept) vkettle nkey nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo nkilogram nkilometre(Am kilometer) nkind1 nkind2 a kindergarten n kindness nking nkingdom nkiss n & vkitchen nkite nknee nknife(pl knives) n knock n & vknow(knew,known) v knowledge nLlab=laboratory n labour(Am labor) n lack n & vlady nlake nlamb nlame alamp nland n & v language nlantern nlap nlarge alast a & vlate a & adlatter nlaugh n & v laughter nlaundry nlaw nlawyer nlay(laid,laid) vlazy alead(led,led) v & n leader nleaf(pl leaves) n league nleak vlearn(learnt,learnt或-ed,-ed) vleast n leather nleave(left,left) v lecture nleft a,ad& nleg nlegal alemon n & a lemonade n lend(lent,lent) v length n lesson nlet(let,let) v letter nlevel n liberation n liberty n librarian n library n license nlid nlie1 n & vlie2(lay,lain) v life(pl lives) nlift v & nlight n,v& a lightning nlike v & prep likely alimit vline n & vlink v & nlion nlip nliquid n & alist n & vlisten v literature n literary alitre(Am liter) n litter vlittle(less,least) a live v & alively aload nloaf nlocal a。
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《英语综合》考试大纲
（适用于英语专业专升本考试）
一、总体要求
本考试检测学生是否达到高等学校英语专业教学大纲基础阶段所规定的各项要求，既测试学生的综合能力及知识面，也测试学生的单项技能。
二、考试内容
测试内容包括：听力理解、语法和词汇、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译、写作。
1．听力理解
要求能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活、社会生活的对话、故事、新闻等中等难度听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点或情景，能根据所听材料进行推理和分析。
2．语法与词汇
要求能灵活正确运用英语专业教学大纲基础阶段所要求掌握的语法结构全部内容，认知教学大纲词汇表对基础阶段所规定的5500－6500个认识词汇，正确而熟练地运用其中的3000－4000个及其最基本的搭配。
3．阅读理解
要求考生快速阅读和仔细阅读4篇英语短文，根据内容得出每个问题的最佳答案，考查获取书面信息能力的速度和准确性。
题材包括社会、文化、经济、科普等方面的说明文、记叙文、议论文等。
4．翻译
要求理解准确、语言通顺、流畅，能完成中等难度的句子翻译。
本部分为英译汉主观试题。
5．写作
要求根据所出的题目写一篇150词以上的短文。
能做到内容切题、完整、条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺得体。
三、试卷结构
英语专业笔试：试卷总分100分，考试时间120分钟。
试卷的题型、题数、
1。