限定词、介词
高中英语语法填空教案Ⅰ——无提示词
高中英语语法填空解题思路——无提示词➢概要英语语法填空若无提示词,则有可能填代词、限定词、介词、连词或助动词。
下面对各个情况逐一进行讲解:一、填代词我们来看下面第一个句子:1.Raise your leg and let ________ stay in the air for seconds.本句中谓语动词let是及物动词,其后缺宾语,所以填代词;代词指代前文的leg,所以填it。
第二个句子:2.Now she works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop, ___________ she opened with her late husband.本句中shop后是一个非限制性定语从句,分析定语从句,由于谓语动词open为及物动词,后缺宾语,所以用关系代词引导定语从句;先行词是shop,所以此处用which 引导非限制性定语从句。
第三个句子:3.This is ___________ I want to know.小结一:句子中缺主语、宾语或表语,一般填代词(其中包括人称代词、关系代词、连接代词等)。
二、填限定词来看第一个句子:1.Peter Fox who is ____________ electrical engineer, spend two and a half year working on the project.这个句子中,electrical engineer前没有限定词,所以根据句意应该填不定冠词an,意为“一个电力工程师”。
第二个句子:2.The little boy pulled ____________ right hand out of the pocket.这个句子中,right hand前面缺限定词,所以根据句意应该填his,意为“他的右手”。
第三个句子:3.Would you like ____________ chocolate cake?这个句子中,chocolate cake前面缺限定词,根据疑问句语法知识,为了得到被问者肯定的回答,要用不定代词some。
英语名词短语结构
英语名词短语结构名词短语的结构是限定词+修饰语+名词+修饰语:介词短语,分词,形容词短语,不定式,定语从句,同位语从句等等,名词短语以限定词开头,后面用修饰语来修饰名词,最后再加修饰语,最后的修饰语可以用介词短语,分词,形容词端与,不定式,定语从句,同位语从句等等均可。
名词短语是由名词与它的修饰语一起构成的。
名词的修饰语与名词的位置关系有两种:一是放在被修饰名词的前面,称之为前置定语或定语;二是放在被修饰名词的后面,称之为后置定语。
名词前面有两种修饰语:一是限定词,用来限定名词所指的范围,对名词起泛指或特指、定量或不定量等的限定修饰作用。
比如: these、three、a、the、my、that等;二是形容词,用来表示名词的性质和特征的。
比如: red、close、new、best、small等。
常见的是后置修饰语,名词可以带的后置修饰语的种类很多,包括定语从句、同位语从句、分词短语、不定式、介词短语、副词短语等。
在英语里,修饰名词的定语,其语序的位置是极有规律的:限定词+形容词+中心名词(headword) +六类右置定语(介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、形容词短语、定语从句、同位语从句)名词的定语放在名词的前面或左边,叫前置定语或左置定语或定语;放在名词后面的定语,叫后置定语或右置定语。
左置的定语只有两个:限定词和形容词。
右置的定语有6种:介词短语、分词短语、不定式短语、形容词短语、定语从句、同位语从句。
称之为英语定语“左二右六”。
左置的两个定语的位置关系非常明确和严格:必须是限定词在形容词的左边,结构是:限定词+形容词+名词在语言学上,汉语被称作是“中心词在后”的语言(head-last language),英语被称作是“中心词在前”的语言(head-first language)。
总体来说,英语和汉语的语序差不多是刚好反过来的。
定语 状语表示符号
定语状语表示符号定语和状语是语法中常用的修饰成分,可以用来进一步描述名词或者动词的性质、状态、方式、时间、地点等方面的细节信息。
它们在句子中起到了扩展句子成分的作用,使得语言表达更加精确、准确。
在本文中,我们将探讨定语和状语的表示符号,以及它们在句子中的具体应用。
一、定语的表示符号定语是修饰名词的成分,用来限定名词的性质、特征、状态等。
在句子中,常见的定语表示符号有以下几种:1. 形容词:形容词可以直接修饰名词,用来描述名词的性质、特点。
例如:红色的花、漂亮的女孩。
2. 限定词:限定词也可以作为定语,它们放在名词的前面,用来限定名词的范围或者数量。
例如:这些书、每个学生。
3. 介词短语:介词短语可以作为定语,放在名词的后面,表示名词的位置、方向、关系等。
例如:在桌子上的书、和我一起学习的同学。
4. 关系代词从句:关系代词从句也可以作为定语,放在名词的后面,用来修饰名词并引导定语从句。
例如:我认识的那个人、我们去过的城市。
二、状语的表示符号状语是修饰动词、形容词或者副词的成分,用来描述动作的方式、程度、时间、地点等。
在句子中,常见的状语表示符号有以下几种:1. 副词:副词可以直接修饰动词、形容词或者副词,用来表示时间、地点、方式、程度等。
例如:慢慢地走、非常漂亮、很快地跑。
2. 介词短语:介词短语可以作为状语,放在动词、形容词或者副词的后面,表示句子的位置、方式、关系等。
例如:在学校里学习、通过努力取得成功。
3. 时间状语从句:时间状语从句也可以作为状语,放在句子中表示时间的位置,用来修饰整个句子。
例如:我等到了他来、当他回来的时候。
4. 否定词:否定词可以作为状语,用来表示否定的程度或者方式。
例如:根本不知道、一点也不累。
总结:定语和状语是语法中重要的修饰成分,它们分别用来修饰名词和动词、形容词、副词,起到了进一步说明、限定、描述的作用。
在句子中,定语和状语可以使用形容词、副词、限定词、介词短语、关系代词从句、时间状语从句等表示符号来具体表达。
2014-2015年语法填空专题复习一(限定词、代词、介词、连接词)
herself itself yourselves ourselves himself themselves
3. 名词性物主代词:(至今未考)相当于“形容词性物 主代词+名词”,在句中作主语、宾语、表语。如: The young man said to me, “ I looked into their eyes, I yours found they don’t care, but when I looked into ________, I saw kindness. ”
1.but
III. 真题再现 9. until
2.why
3.where 4.nor 5.who 6.If 7.which 8.what
10. whom
11. who 12. when 13. where 14. but 15. who 16. where
总 结: 这8年中,连接词几乎每年考查2至3题。 请思考: 1.并列连词和从属连词,哪个考个多? 从属连词
[课中重难点突破] I. 广东各类模拟考单句回炉练习。
1.their 2.a 3.a 4.an 5.an 6.an 7.the 8.their
II.在下面语篇的空格处填入适当的限定词
1.a 2.the 3.the 4.the 5.the 6.its 7.Some 8.a 9.the 10.other
III. 语法填空
1.it 2.However 3.called 4.popularity 5.a 6.with 7.have been built 8.where 9.which 10.they
三、介词
介词考点归纳 1. 根据空格所在句子的意思,选取合适的介词。 如: 1) (2009年广州一模) They boy finished by saying, “ _______ Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I learnt who is truly rich. ” for hours, and with 2) (2012年广州一模) The rabbit dug _______ every new hole the dog complained even more about how difficult this was. 2. 固定搭配。如: 1)(2014年广州一模)It was remarkable how a community lost so much and was still able to recover, and this left the deepest on the students. impression __________ 2) (2014广州调研) In 1973 he started composing poetry __________ in a traditional style.
第四讲 介词、数词、限定词.学生版)doc
第四讲代词、数词、限定词、介词考点解析一、常考介词短语at the risk of; at the cost of; at the sight of;beyond control/reach; by accident; by mistake; by means of; by no means; by all means; by heart/learn…by heart; by the way;for good; for the sake of; for fear of; for short; for the benefit of; in the course of; in addition to; in any case; in case of; in honor of; in terms of; in brief; in charge of;in contrast to/with; in detail; in vain; in effect; in/out of danger/fashion/practice/shape/question/(no problem)/the question/on account of; on end; on duty; on the contrary; on the base of; on behalf of; on purpose; on schedule; on a large/small scale; on the verge of; on the edge of;to some/a great/ certain extent;to the point; to one’s joy/astonishment;under control/discussion/consideration/circumstances; other than/apart from; rather than真题聚焦1. What he said is worthy ____ note.(2002)A. inB. ofC. toD. on2. Mr. Smith is too busy to spare any time, ____ Sunday afternoon.A. only inB. except forC. unless onD. except on3. ____ the fact that I don’t like my job, I must work very hard.A. In spite ofB. Instead ofC. As toD. In case of4. He stays _____ till eleven o’clock every morning.A. in bedB. in a bedC. in the bedD. on the bed5. The exam will be on the first half of the book. That means we’ll have to finish ____.A. fifteenth chapterB. fifteen chapterC. chapter fifteenD. chapter fifteenth6. I didn’t go to his party last night, because ____, I changed my mind.A. on a second thoughtB. by second thoughtsC. on second thoughtsD. on the second thought7.Jack can never find his textbook, his tape, ____.A. calculator and homeworkB. his calculator and homeworkC. calculator and his homeworkD. his calculator and his homework8.Michael is home after a year in German. He looks just ____ before.A. same likeB. as same asC. the sameD. the same as9.The pen I am writing my letter with is different from ____.(2003)A. that oneB. oneC. the oneD. the ones10. I tried to catch the ball but it was ____ my reach.A. beyondB. besidesC. in addition toD. as well as11. ____ new products have been successfully trial-produced.A. A great ofB. A large amount ofC. A plenty ofD. A large number of12. You must pack plenty of food for the journey, ____, you’ll need warm clothes, so pack them too.A. on the wholeB. otherwiseC. howeverD. likewise13. I couldn’t find ____, and so I took this one.A. a large coat enoughB. a large enough coatC. an enough large coatD. a coat enough large14. ____ a young woman, the office was empty.(2004)A. But forB. Except forC. BesidesD. Except15. He was caught in the rain yesterday; ____, he fell ill this morning.A. on the contraryB. in contrastC. in other wordsD. as a result16.It is very convention for me to go to work every day because the bus runs ____.(2005)A. every-ten-minuteB. every tenth minuteC. every tenth minutesD. every ten minute17. His son is quite well now, ____ a slight fever.A. exceptB. besidesC. in addition toD. except for18. What you are saying had nothing to do with the question ____ discussion.A. atB. onC. inD. under19. The classroom is quite clean ___ some waste paper on the floor.A. except forB.exceptC. besidesD. without20. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ___ harm them. (anhui 05)A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than21. ____ of danger, he jumped into the river all at once.A. BecauseB. In termsC. InsteadD. Regardless22. All parts of the house ___ the windows were in good condition. (shanxi 05)A. other thanB. rather thanC. no more thanD. better than23. The big room was almost empty ___ a table or two.A. besidesB. exceptC. in addition toD. except for24. Much ____ my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation.(2007)A. toB. atC. withD. by25. It ought to be you ____ me that signs the letter.A. butB. in spite ofC. ratherD. rather than26. I have been to the West Lake three times ____ 1970.A. sinceB. untilC. fromD. after27. When drinking from a well, one mustn’t forget who dug it. (2008)A. thisB. theseC. thatD. those28. It was almost dark in the street a few very powerful spotlights.A. excludingB. except forC. exceptD. but for29. Mary and Jane are twin sisters. They look exactly .A. likeB. sameC. alikeD. same ones30. I hope to meet you again next year.A. sometimesB. timesC. sometimeD. some time31.Whether you learn or not is entirely _____ you. (2009)A. up toB. as toC. about toD. due to32. We object ____ punishing a whole group for one person’s fault.A. againstB. aboutC. toD. for33. Finally he got time for a glance ____ this report. (2010)A. offB. roundC. onD. at34. Would you spare some time to have a chat with me ____ a cup of coffee?A. forB. WithC. duringD. over35. Having a good command of English is ____ an easy thing.A. by all meansB. by any meansC. by every meansD. by no means36. It is useful to be able to predict the extent _____ which a price change will influence supply and demand.A. fromB. WithC. toD. for37. He will pass two milestones _____, that is, he will receive his master degree and find a challenging jobs.(2011)A. long agoB. not long agoC. before longD. long before38. I don’t think it will rain, but I’ll take an umbrella ____ it does.A. as ifB. in caseC. as thoughD. even if39. The manner _____ which he talked reminded us _____his grandfather. (2012)A. on; towardsB. at; inC. for; byD. in; of40. This treatment works for people of all ages, for the baby ____ for the old man.A. as far asB. as much asC. as long asD. as well as41.The last time I saw her was ____ my brother’s wedding ceremony three years ago.(2014) 41-51A.toB.atC.inD.during42.I have two children but _____ of them likes fruits.A.noneB.eitherC.neitherD.both43.He might have been killed _____ the arrival of the police.A.except forB.withC.forD.but for44.Some areas, _____ their severe weather conditions, are sparely(节俭的;稀少的)populated.A.due toB.but forC.in spite ofD.with regard to45.Many teenagers feel no difficulty _____ computor.A.to learnB.learnC.in learningD.learned46.Henry planned to visit _____ country besides England.A.some otherB.every otherC.several othersD.other47.Students should develop a good attitude _____ tests.A.forB.withC.onD.towards48.No one should blind himself ____ the well-known fact.A.withB.toC.forD.over49.In my bedroom, there is a pair of scissors, a stack of books and ____ flowers on my desk.A.a piece ofB.a pocket ofC.a slice ofD.a bunch of50.____ my delight, our school football team won the game easily.A.InB.OfC.ToD.For51._____ driving to work, Mr. Lead usually goes to his office downtown by train.A.WithoutB. Instead ofC. In case ofD. In spite of1-5BBAAC 6-10CBDAA 11-15DDBBD 16-20BDDAA21-25DADAD 26-30ADBCD 31-35ACDDD 36-40CCBDD41-45BCDAC 46-51ADBDCB专业英语介词、代词真题1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down. (2002)A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.(2003)A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s● this/that /these/those+of…Look at those dirty hands of yours.I really appreciate th is ideas of Henry’s.That lovely cat of yoursThese questions of yours.7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.(2004)A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. _____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal. (2005)A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parents are.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the students productive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.(2006)A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an idea about his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and MaryAnn and Jane’s bedroomAnn’s and Jane’s bedrooms15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. _____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ___ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always be with us. (2007)A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short English21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation especially ___ containing as many different subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such22. Theoretically speaking, the ratio of the work done by the machine ___ the work done on it is called the efficiency of the machine.A. andB. toC. ofD. against23. Children are very curious ____.A. at heartB. in personC. by natureD. on purpose24.___ your family, don't take so many risks.A. On behalfB. In honor ofC. For the sake ofD. In favor of25. This is ___ the first time you have been late.A. under no circumstancesB. on no accountC. for no reasonD. by no means26. The boy who is talking with your teacher is ___ an athlete.A. anything but(根本不;决不)B. none but(只有)C. all but(几乎)D. something but27. Summer rains came almost _____ as the crops needed them. (2008)A. as a resultB. in a hurryC. on scheduleD. forever28. ———should any money be given to a small child.A. On no accountB. Of no accountC. From all accountsD. By all accounts29. ____ of them knows about the plan because it was secret.(2009)A. SomeB. No oneC. AnyD. None30. You can’t see the president ______ you’ve made an appointment with him.A. ifB. unlessC. whenD. except31. Teachers have no right to force their own opinions ____ the students.A. uponB. atC. inD. to32. Do you know what she is majoring _____ at college now?A. onB. atC. withD. in33. _____ forecast the weather it will rain heavily late this morning.A. On account ofB. Because ofC. According toD. Due to34. When we have difficulty ______ obtaining desired objects or reaching desired goals we experience negative emotions such as grief and anger.A. atB. inC. onD. with35. Some students are quick _____ figures. (2010)A. toB. forC. inD. at36. _____ of gift-giving, barter, buying, and selling goes on among the Navajos.A. A great dealB. A great manyC. Much greaterD. Many37. He looked quite healthy though he was _____.A. in seventyB. in his seventyC. at seventiesD. at the age of seventy38. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular _____ children as Coca-cola.A. forB. inC. toD. with39. He was asked _____ time to hand in his dictation.A. the secondB. a firstC. the firstD. a second40. What he said just now had little to do with the question _____ discussion.A. onB. inC. underD. at41. “Does he speak English or Russian?”“He doesn’t speak _____.”(2011)A. eitherB. neitherC. allD. none42. My sister is going to visit Xi’an with _____ friends. (2013)A. other her two littleB. her other little twoC. her two other littleD. her two little other43. The little girl was left alone, with _____ to look after her.A. anyoneB. someoneC. not oneD. no one44. Her answer is not acceptable, and _____.A. neither am IB. mine is neitherC. either is mineD. neither is mine45.He is now confined _____ the hospital by illness. (2014)A.inB. toC. withD. at46.While Tony was talking in the street, he came _____ an old classmate of his.A.intoB. acrossC. ontoD. up with47.His salary as a bus driver is much higher than _____.A.that of a teacherB. those of a teacherC. these of a teacherD. this of a teacherKeys:1-5AADAC 6-10DDABB 11-15DACBC 16-20DDABD21-25ABCCD 26-30BCADB 31-35ADCBD 36-40 ADDDC41-47ACDDBBA三、模拟训练1. The criminal always paid ____ cash so the police could not track him down.A. byB. forC. ofD. in2. They have been trying to arrive at a practical solution ____ the problem.A. toB. inC. withD. at3. He is ____ of a musician.A. anybodyB. anyoneC. somebodyD. something4. ____ he knew little about the work.A. In the beginningB. At the beginningC. At lastD. In the end5. John can’t express his idea ____.A. in a wordB. in wordsC. in wordD. by word6. ____ is a well educated man.A. This Bob’s new friendB. That’s Bob’s new friendC. This new friend of BobD. This new friend of Bob’s7. ____ can we yield to the pressure.A. By and largeB. By means ofC. In returnD. By no means8. ____ your poor record in school, we think that you should study harder.A. In view ofB. In spite ofC. In charge ofD. In case of9. ____ as 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used mirrors made of highly polished metal.A. In earlyB. As earlyC. EarlyD. It was early10. It is reported that ____ adopted children want to know who their natural parentsare.A. the mostB. most ofC. mostD. the most of11. In recent years much more emphasis has been put ____ developing the studentsproductive skills.A. ontoB. overC. inD. on12. As far as he’s concerned, one piece of music is very much like ____.A. anotherB. one anotherC. otherD. the other13. The supervisor didn’t have time so far to go into it ____, but he gave us an ideaabout his plan.A. handB. in turnC. at lengthD. in conclusion14. The woman over there is ____ mother.A. Julia and MaryB. Julia and Mary’sC. Julia’s and Mary’sD. Julia’s and Mary15. Before the tourists set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expensesof the trip.A. forB. inC. toD. about16. The new evidence threw some light ____ the case.A. inB. toC. atD. on17. ____ gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicatedproblems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides18. He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit ____ reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside19. ____ the advance of sciences, the discomforts of old age will no doubt always bewith us.A. As forB. DespiteC. BesidesD. Except20. ____ lessons were not difficult.A. Our few first short EnglishB. Our few first English shortC. Few our first English shortD. Our first few short EnglishKeys: 1—5AADAC 6—10DDABB 11—15DACBC 16—20DDABD。
限定词的具体分类和用法详解
限定词的具体分类和用法详解限定词一般指修饰名词,具有限定和限制specifying 的作用,精确指定某物的范围,或与句子的其他成分的关系,从而对话语的完整性、准确性有重要影响。
可分为定冠词、不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词等。
一、定冠词定冠词又称固定冠词,一般用来限定某一具体的人或事,或特指某一个人、某一件事,这类冠词一般有the、this、that、these、those 等。
1.the 的功能非常多,有时用作介词,表示“把……放到……的(上、里、中)”,如:We put the bottle on the table. 我们把瓶子放到桌上。
其用作冠词做定语常见的情况有:(1) 下列情况下,一般不可用形容词性定语:代名词、指示代词、物主代词等可以被the 所修饰。
He opened the door and went in. 他打开了那扇门走了进去。
This is the room where the accident happened. 这是发生事故的房间。
(2) 当某事物只有一个,或某个范畴只有一个代表性的人或物时,可以用the 来作定语。
2.this、that、these、those,作定语有下列用法:(1)this、that 指示距离说话者近远的事物,this 表示“这”,that 表示“那”,如:I bought this coat a month ago. 我一个月前买的这件外衣。
That car needs a new engine. 那辆车需要换个新发动机。
These flowers are very beautiful. 这些花很漂亮。
Those books are in the classroom. 那些书放在教室里。
不定冠词又称不限定冠词,一般用来限定所指范围被看做未定的人或物,或限定所指多种可能。
不定冠词一般有a、an 和some 等,是定冠词的反义词。
1.a 和an 的用法如下:(1)a 用于以元音音素(a、e、i、o、u) 开头的单数可数名词前,而an 则用于以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前。
限定词、介词
限定词、介词Classes of Determiners(限定词)1.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)2.Quantifiers (数量词)3.Other Determiners (其他限定词)⼀.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)1. 不定冠词主要表⽰泛指和与one 同源,含"⼀"的意思。
a ⽤在以辅⾳⾳素开头的名词前,an ⽤在以元⾳⾳素开头的名词前,如:a university a man a bookan umbrella an egg an honest child2. 定冠词the 主要表⽰特指的⼈或物及第⼆次提到的⼈或物,或世界上独⼀⽆⼆的东西,如:the sun the moon the world the earth和形容词连⽤,代表⼀类⼈,如:the blind the dead the poor the richhe wounded the young the unemployed3. 在下列情况下不⽤冠词:a. 特殊的专有名词前,如:John Smithb. 物质名词表⽰类别时,如:Gold is a precious metal.c. 抽象名词表⽰泛指时, 如:Knowledge is power.d. 在季节、⽉份、⽇期、节⽇前,如:Februarye. 在餐名、运动、游戏等名词前,如:Sports is good for health.f. 在school, hospital, church, prison等词前,当这些词着重表⽰功⽤⽽不是这些建筑物或物体本⾝时,如:She went to school at seven.(但She went to the school to see her teacher.)g. 在表⽰"种类"的短语,如:a kind (sort) of tree,two kinds (sorts) of books.h. 带有表⽰顺序的基数词前,如:Lesson One (但the First Lesson).i. 表⽰独⼀的职位,头衔等的名词前,如:He was elected president of the society.⼆.Quantifiers (数量词)1.many, much, (a) few, (a) littlea. many, (a) few 只⽤于可数名词前,much, (a) little 只⽤于不可数名词前,如:many (a few, few) booksmuch (a little, little) waterb. many 和much 主要⽤在否定句和疑问句中,但它们前⾯加too 或so时就多⽤在肯定句中,如:We didn't spend much money.How many books do you have?You made too (so) many mistakes.c. a few (= several) 和a little (= some) 含肯定意义;few (= not many) 和little (= not much)含否定意义。
the door of the room中 the door的语法范畴和语法手段 语言学纲要
the door of the room中 the door的
语法范畴和语法手段语言学纲要
在“the door of the room”这个短语中,“the door”的语法范畴和语法手段是值得探讨的。
首先,我们来看“the door”的语法范畴。
“the”是一个限定词,用于限定名词的单数形式,表示特指。
在这里,“the door”表示的就是“这扇门”,是对房间中的一扇特定门进行限定。
限定词的作用在于帮助我们区分不同的名词,避免混淆。
而“door”则是名词,表示一扇门。
在这个短语中,“door”作为名词,占据了句子的主语位置,是整个短语的中心词。
接下来,我们再来看“the door”的语法手段。
在英语中,语法手段包括词形变化、词序变化、虚词运用等。
在这个短语中,“the”和“door”的组合是通过限定词加名词的形式来完成的,这是一种常见的语法手段,用于限定名词的范围,使句子更加清晰、准确。
另外,从语义角度来看,“the door of the room”表达的是“房间的门”,其中“of the room”是一个介词短语,用来修饰“door”,说明这扇门是房间的一部分。
介词短语的运用,可以使句子更加丰富、具体,增强了语言的表达力。
综上所述,“the door of the room”中的“the door”的语法范畴是限定词加名词的形式,语法手段包括限定词和介词短语的运用。
通过这些语法范畴和手段的运用,我们可以更准确地表达意思,更清晰地传达信息。
同时,这也体现了语言学在分析句子结构、理解语义关系等方面的重要作用。
限定词的具体分类和用法详解
限定词(determiner)限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词。
一、英语限定词种类1.定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词。
如:the, a2.名词属格。
如:my friend’s, Tom’s…3.物主限定词。
如: my, your …4.指示限定词。
如:this, that, these, those, such…5.疑问限定词。
如:what, whose, which…6.关系限定词。
如:which, whose…7.不定限定词。
如:some, any, each, every, either, neither, all8.数词(基数词、序数词、倍数词、分数词)9.量词。
如:a lot of, lots of , a great/good deal of ,a great/large/good number of …二、限定词与三类名词的搭配关系限定词按它词汇意义可分为特指限定词、泛指限定词、定量限定词、不定量限定词四大类。
这四类限定词有的能与单数、复数可数名词搭配,也可与不可数名词搭配1) 能与三类名词搭配的限定词主要有the; my, John’s, the old man’s…; some, any, no, all, other,such, what(ever), which (ever), whose…eg. the book----the books----the money,my book----my books----my moneyJohn’s book--- John’s books---- John’s money2) 能与单数名词搭配的限定词。
如:a (n) , each, every, another, either ,one, neither, many a, such a (n) …eg. each worker,every student,either book,another book3) 能与复数名词搭配的限定词。
限定词some,any,many,much,more,most,lots,few,
第二/三…
Canada, the second largest country in the world, lies in the north of America
little/few
little (less/least), few (fewer/fewest)
the most + n.(可数/不可数): 最多/最高的…
the most children最多的孩子
the most trouble最多的麻烦
most+ n.(可数/不可数):大多数的…
most people/most research
most of the +n.(可数/不可数) 大多数的
These?activities?occupied?most?of?her?time.这些活动占用了她大部分时间。
相关搭配:
the more…, the more…越…,就越...
The more I thought about it, the less I liked the idea
more and more + adj./ adv.越来越…
Changan?Avenue?is getting?more?and?more?beautiful.
相关搭配:
at most最多(反义词组at least至少)
It’ll take 20 minutes at the most.?
most 最、非常
Ilike English most/best.我最喜欢英语。
Thank you for a most interesting evening.
first的用法和例句
first的用法和例句
first,英语单词,主要用作限定词、数词、形容词、副词、介词、名词,作限定词时意为“第一”,作数词时意为“第一;第一个的;(列队中)最前面的;最好的”,作形容词时意为“最重要的,最优秀的;以前从未发生过的;紧接着来到的;最有可能的;领先于所有其他人的;演唱(或演奏)高声部的”,作副词时意为“首先;首次;(列举时用)第一;宁可;以身体的某一部位在先”,作介词时意为“第一(个);第一次”,作名词时意为“空前的成就;(汽车、自行车的)第一档;(英国大学学位)最高成绩;(棒球)第一垒;(学院、学校的)一年级;(书的)第一版;(比赛中的)第一名;(英国)海军大臣;优等生,(美)菲尔斯特(人名)”。
短语搭配
first class头等舱; 头等; 一等舱; 一等地
First Blood一血; 第一滴血花絮; 贰拾叁章
First Half上半场; 上半时; 上半; 队上半
First Aid急救; 色警报; 急救知识
first baseman一垒手
Safety First安全第一; 保险第一; 平安第一; 安定第一
First World第一世界; 第一大酒店; 熬头世界; 第一世界酒店
first floor第二层; 二楼; 一楼; 第一层
First Folio第一对开本; 献上如雷的喝彩[1]
双语例句
Who do not do the next, first I do.
不做下一个谁,做第一个我。
——詹姆斯。
What do we do first?
首先我们做什么?
Who do not do the next, first I do.
不做下一个谁,做第一个我。
句法学 名词解释
Syntactic category句法类包括单词语类和短语语类。
其中单词语类包括实义语类(content category)和功能语类(function category)。
实义语类有名词、动词、形容词、副词和介词。
功能语类有限定词(determiner)、助动词(auxiliary)、代词、标句词(complementizer)和连词(conjunction)。
短语语类包括名词短语NP、动词短语VP、介词短语PP、形容词短语AP和副词短语AdvP。
句法结构的三种表达式:括号加标记,改写规则和树形图。
句子成分间的三种基本结构关系:支配关系、居前关系和管辖关系。
支配(dominance):树形图上,如果节点A的位置高于节点B,且只有沿着树枝向下行才能从A到达B,则节点A支配节点B。
居前(precedence):树形图上,如果节点A居于节点B之左,且两者间互无支配关系,则A 居前于B。
管辖(government):如果节点A是管辖语,且A和B是姐妹节,则节点A管辖节点B。
管辖语为中心语。
论元(argument):谓词所涉及的对象。
每个谓词都有一个论元结构(argument structure)。
论元结构信息既表示谓词所要求的最少论元数量,又表示论元由什么短语语类充当承担。
共有四个语类带有论元结构:动词,名词,形容词和介词,都是实义语类。
注意助动词没有论元结构,不参与题元角色分派。
题元关系(thematic relation):动词与论元之间的语义关系。
题元角色(thematic role):论元承担的角色。
论元结构规定句中的论元和谓词的要求论元必须数量相等。
题元结构(thematic structure)要求谓词给论元分配题元角色。
关于题元角色分派的理论叫做题元理论(theta theory)。
题元准则(theta criterion):每个论元都必须充当一个题元角色,每个题元角色都必须分派给一个论元。
短语结构类型
短语结构类型短语结构是语言学中的一个重要概念,用于描述语言中的短语组成方式和结构类型。
下面将介绍几种常见的短语结构类型。
1. 名词短语结构名词短语结构是以名词为核心的短语。
它可以由一个单个名词组成,也可以由修饰词、限定词、介词短语或从句等构成。
例如:- 爸爸的汽车- 一个高大的建筑物- 在公园里玩耍的孩子们2. 动词短语结构动词短语结构是以动词为核心的短语。
它可以由一个单个动词组成,也可以由副词、介词短语、名词短语或从句等构成。
例如:- 跑步- 快速地跳跃- 去学校上课的学生们3. 形容词短语结构形容词短语结构是以形容词为核心的短语。
它可以由一个单个形容词组成,也可以由副词、介词短语、名词短语或从句等构成。
例如:- 美丽的花园- 非常漂亮地装扮- 对这个问题很感兴趣的人们4. 副词短语结构副词短语结构是以副词为核心的短语。
它可以由一个单个副词组成,也可以由介词短语、名词短语或从句等构成。
例如:- 快速地行走- 很慢地说话- 在这个问题上非常认真地思考5. 介词短语结构介词短语结构是以介词为核心的短语。
它由介词短语后面跟随的名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语或副词短语等构成。
例如:- 在学校里- 对这个问题感兴趣- 在桌子下面以上是常见的几种短语结构类型。
通过组合不同的短语结构,可以形成更复杂的句子和表达方式。
在学习和运用语言时,我们需要熟悉各种类型的短语结构,以便更准确地理解和表达信息。
(3000字)。
五种基本短语结构类型
五种基本短语结构类型短语(Phrase)是语法学上的基本单位,它由一个或多个单词构成,但不构成完整的句子,只是句子的一部分。
短语可以是名词短语、动词短语、形容词短语、副词短语等形式,用于描述主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
在语法学中,短语结构是构成句子的基本单位,掌握短语结构类型对于理解和运用英语语法至关重要。
本文将介绍基本的五种短语结构类型,帮助你更好地理解并掌握这些基础知识。
1. 名词短语(Noun Phrase)名词短语由一个名词作为短语中心,周围可能有限定词、形容词、副词、介词短语、定语从句等。
名词短语通常可用来描述主语、宾语、同位语、补语等。
例如:- The big red dog(限定词+形容词+名词) bit me.(谓语)(这里的名词短语“the big red dog”用来描述主语)- He wanted to borrow my new bike(限定词+形容词+名词+动词不定式)(这里的名词短语“my new bike”用来描述宾语)2. 动词短语(Verb Phrase)动词短语由一个或多个动词构成,周围可能有副词、介词短语、名词短语等。
动词短语通常可用来描述谓语、宾语、补语等。
例如:- I am running.(主语+谓语)(这里的动词短语“am running”用来描述谓语)- He is reading a book.(主语+谓语+名词短语)(这里的动词短语“is reading a book”用来描述谓语和宾语)3. 形容词短语(Adjective Phrase)形容词短语包含一个形容词短语中心,周围可能有副词、介词短语等,主要用于修饰名词或代词,在句子中充当定语。
例如:- The book on the table(名词短语+介词短语) is mine.(谓语)(这里的形容词短语“on the table”用来修饰名词“book”)- She wore a beautiful dress(限定词+形容词+名词) to the party.(介词短语)(这里的形容词短语“beautiful dress”用来修饰名词“dress”)4. 副词短语(Adverb Phrase)副词短语包含一个副词短语中心,周围可能有形容词、介词短语、名词短语等,主要用于修饰动词、形容词、副词等,在句子中充当状语。
英语中修饰方法
英语中修饰方法英语中修饰方法是指在英语写作和口语中,用各种词汇和语法手段对名词、形容词、动词等进行修饰,以使句子更加具体、形象和生动。
修饰方法在英语中占有重要地位,它能够丰富词汇表达,提高句子质量,增强文章表现力。
一、引言1.英语修饰方法的概述英语修饰方法包括限定词、形容词、介词短语、从句等多种手段,它们共同作用于名词、形容词、动词等,使其表达更加精确、细腻。
2.修饰方法在英语中的重要性修饰方法能使英语表达更加丰富多样,提高语言的生动性和形象性,使文章更具吸引力。
此外,掌握修饰方法还有助于提高英语写作和口语水平。
二、英语修饰方法的类型1.限定词修饰:如a、an、the等,用来表示名词的数量和特指。
2.形容词修饰:如happy、beautiful等,用来表示名词的性质、特征。
3.介词短语修饰:如in the park、on the wall等,用来表示名词的位置、范围等。
4.从句修饰:如how beautiful she is!(她多么美啊!),用来表示对名词的进一步解释。
三、具体修饰技巧1.选择恰当的限定词:根据名词的泛指和特指,选择合适的限定词,如a/an表示泛指,the表示特指。
2.合理运用形容词:选择与名词意义相符的形容词,避免词语重复,如用happy代替cheerful。
3.构建简洁的介词短语:用介词短语in the park、on the wall等,简洁明了地表示名词的位置、范围等。
4.利用从句进行深入修饰:用how beautiful she is!等从句,对名词进行深入、具体的描述。
四、修饰方法在英语写作中的应用1.丰富词汇表达:通过使用各种修饰词和短语,使句子表达更加丰富、多样。
2.提高句子质量:运用恰当的修饰方法,使句子更加完整、严密。
3.增强文章表现力:通过修饰方法,使文章更具生动性、形象性,吸引读者。
五、结论1.英语修饰方法的实战意义掌握英语修饰方法,能在实际写作和口语中发挥重要作用,使表达更加精确、形象。
限定词与修饰成分使用技巧
限定词与修饰成分使用技巧修饰成分在句子中起到限定、描述、补充信息的作用,能够丰富句子的表达,使语言更加准确、生动。
然而,在使用限定词与修饰成分时,我们需要注意一些技巧,以确保句子的流畅性和准确性。
下面将介绍一些使用限定词与修饰成分的技巧。
1. 多样化的限定词限定词可以是形容词、副词、数词、量词等,常用的有“一些、一种、许多、几个、那样等”这样的限定词。
为了增加文采,我们可以尝试使用一些别具一格的限定词,如:海量、繁多、寥寥无几、仅有等。
不仅可以使句子更加丰富多彩,还能够吸引读者的注意力。
2. 灵活运用的修饰成分在修饰成分的使用中,我们可以尝试使用多种修饰成分,如形容词、状语、介词短语等。
这样可以使句子更加具体生动,同时增加修饰成分的变化和灵活性。
例如,我们可以使用形容词来修饰名词,使用状语来修饰动词或副词,使用介词短语来修饰名词等。
3. 注意修饰成分的位置修饰成分的位置对于句子的表达意义至关重要。
一般来说,修饰成分应尽可能靠近被修饰的词或短语,以保持修饰的紧凑性和准确性。
同时,我们也可以通过修改词序或调整句子结构,使修饰成分与被修饰成分之间的逻辑关系更加清晰,提高句子的表达效果。
4. 注意修饰成分的数量使用过多的修饰成分会使句子显得累赘和啰嗦,影响句子的流畅性。
因此,在使用修饰成分时,我们应该注意控制其数量,尽量选择准确且能够表达所需信息的修饰成分,避免使用过多的冗余修饰成分。
总而言之,限定词与修饰成分在语言表达中起到重要的作用,是丰富句子表达的关键。
通过灵活运用多样化的限定词和修饰成分,注意修饰成分的位置和数量,我们可以使句子更加生动、精确,并提升文章的质量与阅读体验。
因此,在写作中,我们应该不断学习和掌握使用限定词与修饰成分的技巧,提高自己的表达能力。
时间to的用法
时间to的用法
"to"是一个常用的介词和限定词,具有多种用法和含义。
以下是
一些常见的用法:
1.表示时间的“to”:
- “to”可以用于表示一个具体时间点或时间段的结束时间。
例如:I will arrive at the office from 9 to 11am.(我将在上午9
点到11点到达办公室。
)
-在类似于"5 minutes to 6"(到6点还有5分钟)这样的短语中,"to"也用来表示接近某一具体时间点的时间。
2.表示时间的“to”的拓展用法:
- “to”也可以用于表示某一活动或事件的最后期限或截止日期。
例如:The deadline for this project is Friday.(这个项目的截
止日期是星期五。
)
-在倒计时或逆序计时的描述中,我们也常使用“to”。
例如:We have 10 seconds to launch.(我们还有10秒钟就要发射。
)
3.其他用法:
- “to”也可以表示“给”或“为了”的含义。
例如:I gave
the book to my friend.(我把书给了我的朋友。
)
-当“to”与动词不定式连用时,可以表示一个目的或目标。
例如:I went to the store to buy some groceries.(我去商店购买一些
杂货。
)
需要注意的是,“to”还有其他用法和含义,具体的用法还要根
据具体语境来确定。
最好还是根据具体的句子和情境来理解和运用“to”的含义。
manymuch的用法和区别有什么区别
manymuch的用法和区别有什么区别
词性不同:
many的词性有限定词/介词、形容词。
much的词性有限定词/介词、副词。
扩展资料
含义不同:
many:
det./pron. 许多(与复数名词及动词连用,尤用于否定句或正式用语,表示大量;也用于疑问句以询问数字大小,并可与as、so 和too 连用);(与复数动词连用)大多数人;(与单数名词及动词连用)许多,大量。
adj. 许多;多的.。
much:
det./pron. (与不可数名词连用,尤用于否定句;或与how连用以询问数量;也可与as、so和too连用)许多,大量,多少。
adv. 非常;更加;很。
用法不同:
many和much是表示数量的不定代词,在制句中既可以充当名词,也可以充当形容词,可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,意思为“许多”、“大量”。
many修饰或代替可数名词,much修饰或代替不可数名词。
many作主语时谓语动词用复数,much作主语时谓语动词用单数。
名词前若有 the/my/your/our/their/this/that/it/these/those等,此时不能直接用many/much,需用many of/much of。
many ,much前可有as、so、too、how等进行修饰;the,these,those可以修饰many;the,this,that可修饰much。
many侧重用于一般现在时;much侧重用于一般现在时或一般将来时。
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Classes of Determiners(限定词)
1.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)
2.Quantifiers (数量词)
3.Other Determiners (其他限定词)
一.Articles: Definite, Indefinite and Zero rticles (冠词:定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词)
1. 不定冠词主要表示泛指和与one 同源,含"一"的意思。
a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的名词前,如:
a university a man a book
an umbrella an egg an honest child
2. 定冠词the 主要表示特指的人或物及第二次提到的人或物,或世界上独一无二的东西,如:
the sun the moon the world the earth
和形容词连用,代表一类人,如:
the blind the dead the poor the rich
he wounded the young the unemployed
3. 在下列情况下不用冠词:
a. 特殊的专有名词前,如:
John Smith
b. 物质名词表示类别时,如:
Gold is a precious metal.
c. 抽象名词表示泛指时, 如:
Knowledge is power.
d. 在季节、月份、日期、节日前,如:
February
e. 在餐名、运动、游戏等名词前,如:
Sports is good for health.
f. 在school, hospital, church, prison等词前,当这些词着重表示功用而不是这些建筑物或物体本身时,如:
She went to school at seven.
(但She went to the school to see her teacher.)
g. 在表示"种类"的短语,如:
a kind (sort) of tree,
two kinds (sorts) of books.
h. 带有表示顺序的基数词前,如:
Lesson One (但the First Lesson).
i. 表示独一的职位,头衔等的名词前,如:
He was elected president of the society.
二.Quantifiers (数量词)
1.many, much, (a) few, (a) little
a. many, (a) few 只用于可数名词前,much, (a) little 只用于不可数名词前,如:
many (a few, few) books
much (a little, little) water
b. many 和much 主要用在否定句和疑问句中,但它们前面加too 或so时就多用在肯定句中,如:
We didn't spend much money.
How many books do you have?
You made too (so) many mistakes.
c. a few (= several) 和a little (= some) 含肯定意义;
few (= not many) 和little (= not much)含否定意义。
2.英语中有不少由"a (two, three, …) + 单位词+ of "构成的短语,用来表示:
a. 数量,如:
a piece (bit) of paper (news)
plenty (a lot, lots) of students (furniture)
a great (good) deal of money
a large (small) amount (quantity) of money
a great (large, good) number of boys
b. 容积、重量,如:
a bag of rice a bottle of wine
a bowl of soup a kilogram of sugar
two spoonfuls of salt
c. 形状,如:
a ball of string a bar of chocolate
a cake of soap a slice of bread (meat)
two heads of cattle
d. 成双成群,如:
a pair of shoes a couple of people
a flock of birds a swarm of bees
a gang of thieves
三.Other Determiners (其他限定词)
1. some, any, no
a. some一般用于肯定句;any一般用于否定句,疑问句或if从句。
b.它们组成的复合词
(someone,anyone,noone,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,nothing)只能用作单数,这些复合词后面都可跟else,如:
Please don't tell the news to anyone else.
2. another, other
a. another 只接单数可数名词,但在表示时间、金钱、距离等的短语前,another 可用于有数词修饰的复数名词前,如:
another two years another five dollars nother ten miles
b. the other 指两个中的另一个;the others 指已经提到过的其余部分。
c. other 前面有every, some, any, no 修饰时,其后若是可数名词,一般用单数,如:
Please write in every other line.
3. both, all
a. 都表示全部,both 表示两者,all 用于两者以上。
b. 它们与否定词连用表示部分否定。
4. each, every
a. each 既可作代词又可作限定词,every 只能作限定词。
b. everyone 指人,every one可指人或物,后面有of 短语修饰时只能用every one,如:
He examined every one of the boys/boxes.
5. either 和neither 都是指两个人或东西用。
Classes of Preposition(介词)
下面是常用介词及其主要意义:
1. 表示时间
at (时或点)
on(天或日)
in (一段时间的一点或之后)
during (一段时间的延续过程)
for(延续时间长度)
since(延续时间的起点)
over(较短时间延续)
by(不迟于某一时间)
through(out) (较长时间延续)
from ... to/till (从开始到延续的一段时间)
其它还有after, before, between等。
2. 表示地点和方位
at(某一较小地点)
in(某一较大范围内)
on(某一线或某一面上)
to(到某一地点)
against(靠着)
among(三者或三者以上之间)
between(两者间)
over和under(某物垂直相对的上下)
up和down (某物垂直方向上下)
above和below (某物相对的上下,不一定垂直)
beside和by(在旁边)
between (两者间)
about和around (在附近)
close to和near (to) (靠近)
其它还有:
across, along, behind, beneath, past, off, towards, before, after
3. 其它常用介词还有:
with, without, except, within, beyond
4. 英语中还有不少复合介词,如:
along with instead of
out of except for
from behind due to
because of but for
according to in front of
in spite of
5. 一些常用介词的搭配能力特别强,因此,应记住它们和动词、名词、形容词搭配构成的习惯短语。