英国文学选读hamlet
哈姆雷特英国文学赏析
哈姆雷特英国文学赏析Appreciation of English Literature——HamletThis story is about prince of Denmark Hamlet revenge his uncle,who killed his father, with his own life being end. In the first part of the story, Hamlet was anger for unchastity of his mother. At latter, the ghost of the old Hamlet, father of Hamlet , told Hamlet that he was killed by Claudius, and asked Hamlet to revenge for him. The ghost is a significant character in this story because it let Hamlet know the truth of the death of his father, and then the whole story developed around Hamlet’s revenge.In the second part of the story, Hamlet pretended to be a madman. He arranged a drama which was similar with the truth of the death of his father to evaluate whether the words of the ghost is true. After affirming that his father was killed by Claudius, Hamlet decided to revenge for his father. When Claudius was ashamed of his evil behavior in the garden, Hamlet abandon to kill his uncle in this time. Then his mother called him to her palace. Polonius hided behind the curtain to eavesdrop on the talk between queen and Hamlet. But Hamlet was supposed he was king Claudius and stabbed him with sword.In the last part, Hamlet had a competition with Laertes, but he didn’t know Claudius and Laertes had a evil conspiracy to kill him. At last the queen drunk the poisonous wine to died, Claudius was stabbed to died by Hamlet, Hamlet was stabbed to died by Laertes, and Laertes was also killed by Hamlet. In this tragedy, all people related to the revenge were dead at the end. Horatio, the friend of Hamlet was the only one still alive who knew the truth. Characters: Hamlet was the protagonist ofHamlet. Once this drama was wrote, many scholars and expert have studied what characters Hamlet has. Different people have different ideas about his character. In my perspective, he was upright, courageous, wise, principled, firm and so on.Many people think that Hamlet was irresolute, because when he had a chanceto kill the king Claudius, he abandon this chance. Some people think he payed too much energy in making decision to have courage to take actions, and he was just weak-headed. However, I don’t think so. Hamlet was a kind-hearted man,though he was a prince, having high and honored rank, he treat his friend with no prejudice. He hated to achieve his goal with devious ways, and also hated people who do like this. He will not do anything beyond his principle. Obviously, we can simply explain why Hamlet give up to make a sneak attack . Hamlet felt that if a man was killed when he confessed to the god, he would go to the heaven because his guilt was pardoned. What’s more, a devout Christian was pretty believed in god and their belief. When Ophelia drawn in the water, the clown had said a suicide man can not be burial according to the Christian ceremony. So I think Hamlet was a man with strong principle not irresolution. There is another evidence proving this. The queen talked with Hamlet in her palace following the instruction of the Claudius. When Hamlet became excited, the cries of Polonius hiding behind the curtain made Hamlet regarded him as Claudius, and Hamlet stabbed him to died. Hamlet’s behavior without hesitation can show his firm decision and strong power in actions. Unfortunately, who he killed was the father of his lover, which a principal contribution of the tragic end.Another personalty of Hamlet I intend to refer was hiswisdom. When he knew the truth of the death of his father, he was really sad and sorrow. His mind was seriously stroked and destroyed, so that he can not hide his mood perfectly. He came up with a idea pretending to be a madman. A madman ’s crazy and unusual action could hide the real emotion of Hamlet and secured to reduce the suspicion of Claudius. Furthermore, becoming a madman, Hamlet can observe whether Claudius did the evil thing secretly. In the drama, Hamlet had a large number of crazy actions and words, his faultless performance made everyone including the king and the queen believe in his mad. The drama Hamlet arranged exposed his wisdom in another hand. When Hamlet decided to go back Denmark, he tampered the contentof the secret letter, and let the king of the England execute Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, which also show wisdom of Hamlet.In Hamlet, Shakespeare depicted many characters having various characteristics. The king Claudius was cunning and shameless, he never lowered his vigilance to Hamlet and catch any chance to kill Hamlet. The queen was unchaste, flabby, indecisive but have a heart to her son. Her hoped Hamlet followed with Claudius to survival, and she took care of marriage of Hamlet. Ophelia is a pure and kindhearted but weak girl, she desired to love but submitted to her father and brother. Appreciation: “to be or not to be, it’s a question” Complying with the reality for surviving or fighting with the reality. Many people will struggle with this problem and be in a dilemma. In the movie Twelve years a slave , most slaves just went to be slaves and complied with their master. A few slaves were reluctant to be slaves and fight, but they just died. The protagonist seemed toabandon his past identify according his performance, but in his heart, he was always a freeman, and he looked for any hope to help him to be a freeman again, though sometimes the hope contained dangers. With his endeavor, a Canadian helped him and he came to be a freeman after twelve years life of slave. Solomon was one of a less number of slaves who be saved. Sometimes, the reality is pretty cruel, and cold. But living with a light can made people a litter comfort. This light can made the life seem a litter warm. Fighting with the reality is the best choice for Hamlet. We make a assumption that Hamlet complied with Claudius, forgot the hatred and unchastity of his mother, pretended to know nothing. Hamlet may really be mad, because he need to changeover his personality to achieve this choice. As a result, a man’s all choice depended on his personalities.Characters like Hamlet, I am still able to catch the essential points of Hamlet for the first time to read original literature works. Sorts of brief but classical dialogues make an impressive impression on me ,part of which have become famous proverbs being widely used till nowadays. For in stance, Hamlet’s remarks”to be or not to be,is the question”is constantly been quoted when modern individuals are trying to make a hard decision whether to give up or not. Having accomplished the work, a couple of leading of characters impress me deeply. Hamlet once is an optimistic, happy prince, while becomes heavyhearted after his father’s death and his mother’s over-hasty marriage. It rightly turns out a usual saying that a person’s characteristic change up to the circumstance to be right. I have great sympathy for Ophelia, a fairy kindhearted girl. She has to deny Hamlet’s affection for her in her situation and bear huge pain alone within heart. She losesher lover as well as his father. Therefore, she is driven into desperate states. She dies at last. As to Laertes, he is completely taken advantage of by foxy Claudius for his urgent mentality to average his father a bad ending. Claudius, a murderer and a poisoner, should be blamed for the tragedy. I’ll analyze his characteristic in detail. First of all, Claudius is cruel person. He uses such a cruel method that pours poison in the king’s ears to murder his brother when the king is in the sleeping. He also takes up his brother’s wife regardless of feeling of brothers. At the end of the story, Claudius does further think double ways to kill Hamlet. That is, to pour poison on both Hamlet’s cup and Laertess’s sword. Above all, he is rather cold-blooded and self despite that Claudius has done sorts of wrongdoings, he is still in upset. He comforts himself that his fault is past, and compares his doing to ambition, which is ridiculous. Claudius prays that god forgives his foul murder. Moreover,Claudius is doubtful and foxy. When Polonius concludes that Hamlet is mad for his love, Ophelia. Claudius doubts Hamlet’s madness and thinks out kinds of ways to test of him. When he knows Hamlet is not really crazy, he assumes that Hamlet is full of threats and some danger to him. So he is meant to send Hamlet out of the country and have Hamlet murder. In addition, Claudius takes advantage of others as his tool to reach his purpose. He lets Gratrude to talk with Hamlet and sends Polonius to hear their conference. Both Laertes and his father areused by Claudius, with ending of dying. Let’s see how Claudius persuades Laertes to fight with Hamlet. Firstly, Claudius announces that he is guiltless of Polonius’s death and most sensible in grief for it. He shows that he has nothing to do with Laertes’s father’s killing to get close to Laertes. What’s more,he wants to purchase Laertes with money, power. Claudius even promises to give his kingdom, crown and life to Laertes in his satisfaction. Of course, he definitely knows laertes will not accept. Claudius takes further measures to win Laertes’s father. These fake words come from Claudius. Finally, Claudius’s comspriracy is realized, he asks Laertes “will you be ruled by me”, Laertes agrees.Claudius urges Laertes to undertake the action with the words “to show yourself your father’s son in deed more than in words”. That’s how Claud ius makes use of Laertes step by step. Claudius dies and gets punishment what he deserves at last.Reading hamlet is quiet a valuable experience in which I understand a lot. The ending is miserable, all the main characters die, while it deserves thinking deeply. Self Assessment I choose the appreciation of British and American classical as the elective course this semester. I think it is a good opportunity for me to learn specialized knowledge about the classical British and American literature. Under the guidance of teacher, I can enjoy the good movies both classical and modern more in depth.。
王守仁《英国文学选读》(第3版)课后习题详解(第2单元 威廉
第2单元威廉•莎士比亚Hamlet1.Why sleep is so frightening,according to Hamlet,since it can“end”“the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Key:Death means the end of life.If he dies,he may go to an unknown world and can never come back.In this sense,Hamlet cannot take revenge on his uncle for his father,failing to realize his will.Though“sleep”can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks,it is a state of mind that Hamlet doesn’t know at all.He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long“dream”.He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep,may be good may be evil.2.Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them,according to Hamlet?Key:According to Hamlet,because that people don’t know what lying there waiting for them in the unknown world,maybe something more terrible than that in the mortal world.3.What,after all,makes people lose their determination to take action?Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Key:It is the fear for the unknown world after death and the lack of confidence for the future make people loose determination to take action.Hamlet doesn’tknow what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself,so he is hesitated. However,Hamlet’s hesitation should be seen from a different point of view.The main reason lies in his concern for his nation.Hamlet is a true man.He wants to change the dark existing world,but it is beyond his ability,so he has no idea what he should do.He knows his death can’t solve the problems deeply rooted in the society.So he hesitated about what he should do as the prince of Demark.His revenge is not everything for him.And he clearly knows that the sudden death of king may cause some disorders in the country.Thus he is confused about his action.Romeo and Juliet1.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection? Key:Romeo compares Juliet to the sun.2.What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet? Key:They think that since their family names hinder them from loving each other, they prefer that the names Montague and Capulet have nothing to do with themselves and even give them up.3.What does Romeo mean when he says“Look thou but sweet,/And I am proof against their enmity”?Key:It means that Romeo loves Juliet so much that he thinks that the love canprotect him from harm and dissolve the hatred between their families.Sonnet181.How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line?Key:The poet thinks that he should not“compare thee to a summer’s day”, because“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”.And,in the following part, he gives his reasons.2.What makes the poet think that“thou”can be more beautiful(fair)than summer and immortal?Key:Because the poet thinks that“thy eternal summer shall not fade”for they will be preserved and perpetuated in the lines he writes.。
hamlet英文读后感3000字
hamlet英文读后感3000字英文回答：After reading Hamlet, I was deeply moved by the complex and intricate plot, as well as the profound themes explored in the play. Shakespeare's masterful storytelling and the timeless questions raised in the play left a lasting impact on me.One of the themes that stood out to me was the theme of revenge. Throughout the play, Hamlet struggles with his desire for revenge against his uncle Claudius, who has murdered his father and married his mother. This internal conflict is relatable, as many of us have experienced anger and the desire for revenge at some point in our lives. However, Hamlet's indecisiveness and constant contemplation prevent him from taking immediate action. This hesitation ultimately leads to tragic consequences, as his delay causes the deaths of several characters, including his mother, Ophelia, and even himself. This reminds me of thesaying "Revenge is a dish best served cold," meaning that revenge should be planned and executed with careful consideration, rather than acting impulsively.Another theme that resonated with me was the idea of appearance versus reality. Throughout the play, characters wear masks and deceive others, leading to a sense of uncertainty and distrust. Hamlet himself wears a mask of madness, pretending to be insane in order to uncover the truth about his father's death. This theme reminded me of the phrase "Don't judge a book by its cover," emphasizing the importance of looking beyond superficial appearances to discover the truth.Furthermore, the play explores the complexities of human nature. Characters like Claudius and Gertrude display their flawed and morally ambiguous sides, while Hamlet's internal struggle highlights the complexities of the human psyche. This reminded me of the saying "There's more than meets the eye," suggesting that people are often more complex and multi-dimensional than they initially appear.In conclusion, Hamlet is a thought-provoking play that delves into themes of revenge, appearance versus reality, and the complexities of human nature. Shakespeare's timeless storytelling and exploration of these themes have made Hamlet a classic piece of literature that continues to resonate with audiences today.中文回答：读完《哈姆雷特》后，我对其中复杂而错综复杂的情节以及探索的深刻主题深感震撼。
双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选
双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选《哈姆雷特(Hamlet)》是由英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚创作于1599年至1602年间的一部悲剧作品。
以下是应届毕业生网店铺为大家推荐的双语阅读《哈姆雷特》节选，希望大家喜欢。
Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s great tragedies and possibly the most mis-quoted. It deals with the psychological torment of a young Danish prince, Hamlet himself, who is racked with murderous intent. Hamlet’s Father, the King of Denmark, is dead and the Ki ng’s brother (Hamlet’s uncle), Claudius, has married the widowed Queen, Gertrude. Hamlet is disgusted and cannot bear that his mother has betrayed his father’s memory in what he considers to be an incestuous manner. When the ghost of the dead King appears to Hamlet and fills him with a powerful desire for revenge, Hamlet becomes more and more desperate to destroy Claudius and avenge his father’s memory. However, despite this desire to kill his stepfather, Hamlet struggles to achieve his purpose and a series of disastrous events ensue. He mistreats his Love, Ophelia, who is so distraught by the change in Hamlet’s manner towards her that she is driven to insanity, the beautiful yet tormented soliloquies engaged in by Hamlet become increasingly desperate as Ham let’s rage and despair strengthen, and Gertrude’s belief that Hamlet is mad with grief is apparent when Gertrude and Hamlet Speak together in Act IV. Hamlet is Shakespeare’s greatest tragic hero and, while the end of the Play is inevitable, the unravelling of the story is a wonder. Each scene is rendered in words of poetic beauty that simultaneously delight and horrify. The play is still as relevant today as it was when it was first written and performed as societyis still troubled with political intrigue and deception, the hunt for bloody revenge, the tortures of a doomed love, and the cruelty of bereavement and loss. It is because Shakespeare speaks for humanity as a whole that makes Hamlet, like so many of his plays, universal. Hamlet is not bound by its time but transcends this boundary to speak to people just as powerfully as it did four hundred years ago.哈姆雷特王子是最近突然驾崩的丹麦王哈姆雷特与皇后葛楚德的儿子。
英国文学选读课后答案
英国文学选读Poems:Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86)生存或毁灭, 这是个必答之问题是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击, 还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌, 并将其克服。
死即睡眠, 它不过如此!倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患, 那么, 此结局是可盼的! 死去, 睡去...但在睡眠中可能有梦, 啊, 这就是个阻碍: 当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊,在死之长眠中会有何梦来临? 它令我们踌躇, 使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾,否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨, 如暴君之政、骄者之傲失恋之痛、法章之慢贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假如他能简单的一刃了之? 还有谁会肯去做牛做马, 终生疲於操劳默默的忍受其苦其难, 而不远走高飞, 飘於渺茫之境倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前?此境乃无人知晓之邦, 自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域所以,「理智」能使我们成为懦夫而「顾虑」能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光, 像个病夫再之, 这些更能坏大事, 乱大谋, 使它们失去魄力。
Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you can’t comeback. If he dies, Hamlet’s can't realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didn’t know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He can’t predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…Because people hold the same idea "to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?” People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Conscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesn’t know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They don’t know the result after their taking the action. Such as Ham let, he doesn’t know what would happen if he kills hisuncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。
英语戏剧选读-Hamlet
The Characters The Older Generation
Claudius (克劳狄斯): King of Denmark. Gertrude (葛特露): Queen of Denmark, mother to Hamlet. Polonius (波洛尼亚斯): Lord Chamberlain. The Ghost of Hamlet‟s Father
Plots
《哈姆雷特》是文艺复兴时期英国伟大的诗 人和剧作家莎士比亚的最主要的作品。 19 世纪俄国的批评家林斯基称莎士比亚为 “戏剧诗人之王”，而《哈姆雷特》则是莎 士比亚“灿烂王冠上面的一颗最光辉的金刚 钻”。
Plots
故事发生在十三世纪丹麦的京城艾尔西诺。丹麦国王在花园 打盹时突然死去。他的弟弟克劳狄斯接替王位，又娶原王妃 为妻，前国王的儿子哈姆雷特对父亲的死因有所怀疑，忧郁 过度，终日愁容满面。他听从好友的劝告，半夜跟出现在城 堡上的父亲幽灵相会，终于得知父王是克劳狄斯与母亲合谋 害死的。为了取得证据，他特地请来了一批戏子，在王宫里 演出一出十分相似的杀人剧，将父王当时被杀的经过表现出 来。哈姆雷特一看母亲与叔叔的反应，便明白了真相。
It has been performed and translated more than any other play in the world. Its famous “To be or not to be” is the most quoted phrase in the English language. Hamlet has inspired 26 ballets, 6 operas and dozens of musical works. There have been more than 45 movie versions.
英国文学 Oedipus complex—Hamlet
Essay of English literatureOedipus complex——feelings about Hamlet应用英语学院09级3班张柏璐090440321Oedipus complex——feelings about HamletRecently, I had read the script of Hamlet once again which have been glorified, researched and commented by innumerable people. As for me, though I had review the story with those past images, I was surprised to find out that I did have another feeling about this classical tragedy, especially when you reread it by using the theory of Oedipuscomplex.Once we suppose that in the whole Hamlet world nobody expect Hamlet himself was a psycho, we will be easy to make the conclusion. That he is totally into his complex. Since we follow the step of Hamlet, we couldn’t help seeing the contorted world through his eyes. Base on the hints in this story, we can consider others, both his uncle king Claudius and mother queen Gertrude seem like normal person, if such story happened in real life.Claudius was a totally old-time member from royal family who was full of ambition and conspiracy.And his behavior matched his desire.According to the standard of a king, I can’t tell whether he is insane or not. Maybe he has his unspeakable sorrow. But life has never been such a fair thing. Equal rights for everybody must be a joke since he can only watchingwhen his brother seated on his golden throne. Finally through his dirty trick, he got what might be called as dream or something.Because he is a man of noble birth, he had been raising up in conspiracy theory, seeing the dark side of palace. He wanted to protect his dream while die on it and got curses from everybody.Back to the main idea of this article, there are reasons that can explain prince Hamlet’s Oedipus complex.First suspicious event was the “truth” the Father Ghost told Hamlet. However, the ghost had turned up twice, but each time only Hamlet himself cantalk with him from the beginning to the end. Horatio, Bernardo the officer and Francisco the soldier had also seen the ghost at the scene one, but neither of them can talk to the ghost. And the second time he emerged himself when Hamlet queried his mother, the queen could not even see his figure. Maybe prince Hamlet hasn’t been totally insane, but he was going to be tortured into crazy by his Oedipus complex. The ghost may be the deep word in his mind, he need it to convince himself. After all, his career was prince, not like an official or other childe. It always is a dangerous job, not every prince can ascended the throne as easy as eat an apple.Second clue was Hamlet’s motiveless malignity of female which couldn’t be hidden in prince’s behavior and language. Right after he first got the message from his father ghost, his dubious girlfriend Ophelia refused to write him backand refuse to meet him anymore. And in the text, I can’t find the details that describe this process between shock newsfrom the ghost and his lunatic performance. This long blank time can make us image how negative his mental state will be after suffering this double shock.And at the pray scene, he easily give up the chance to attack Claudius. Every reader may have the same question why couldn’t Hamlet take his revenge promptly. Some say because his religious belief that stops him from doing a long-standing family feud. Others think it’s because his wishy-washy personality that makes him a giant in mind but a coward on move. But I still not get the understanding of his conflict. However, if Hamlet was really half as innocent as he was thought, then he would have killed his evil uncle at very beginning. HisOedipus complexmight as well interpret his hesitation. Not one can hundred present true whether he had a feeling at his mother queen but there may be such a disease can’t fall away from him. T hat isn’t to say that his uncle Claudius has carried out what are Hamlet's own unconscious wishes, so that he show the mercy to his enemy and fox himself. It means the remarry of his mother made him lost faith in women. Such perceptive realization entangled with his desire of woman that keep him under the harrow and at a loss.All the whole, the ghost had never instigate Hamlet to hurt his mother Gertrude, but his repugnance and loathing make him so sad and angry that he can just cover it by mad acting. In fact, we all can tell fromthe lines in the drama that the only murder was Claudius, the brother of old king while Gertrude had known nothing about it. Sadly, the Denmark prince hadn’t want to know it, both of them had made the same sin to his valet.As for the queen of Denmark, the mother of Hamlet, she was free from guilty. If we don’t wear a colorful glass to scan at her, then you will find that most her lines to her son were spoke with loving tenderness. Her loving glance has no different to others, showing the affection of a mother. His son thought her as a bitch who marr ied to her husband’s b rother. But he is a prince and she is a queen in the palace. You can’t treat either of them in the standard of a private citizen. What if Claudius chose to widowhood or followed the step of his husband? Will it be any help? Apparently not, she will lose everything she have had, the affluent and luxurious life, her social position and even her own life. All these, though meretricious and physical, have constituted the whole of a noble woman. Compare with thousands of concubines in our e mperor’s palace, she can be consider as a silly woman. Didn’t want to losing her meaning of life, she chose bend than break. At the end, she ended her life but not like what Shakespeare describe all is well that ends well. She died because her trust to the king and love and attention of the son. Those who are pitiful must have a cause for having sunk to their lows.A tragic prince, a wretched life, a sordid ending, neither any lover nor relative can be as real as the royal authority. Even in modern days, t hings doesn’t have much changes, we can’t tell it was this ancient foresee the future or the modern life fulfill what he write centuries ago. Or we didn’t have any essential changes over thousands of years.Only love can blind people. Hamlet kind of looks that way, who else can’t be. In the presence of love, everything feels so small. His tragedy born in love and die in love.His dying words were simply. he want Horatio to tell public with the occurrents, more and less, which have solicited—the rest is silence. The young passing life and personal feeling through his entire life are all contained in this meaningful silence. Horatio counted as the only light of survive. But will the true be understood by the world? Will the immoral be forgiven by the public? Will the animosity be mastered? It’s not hard to guess the answers to these pessimistic questions.My understanding, to be or not to be，is the same.。
英国文学选读
Commentary on the character of Hamlet in HAMLETWilliam Shakespeare, the most remarkable playwright and poet of England in the period of the Renaissance. "HAMLET" is a classical representative work of Shakespeare and is one of the four great tragedies of Shakespeare. This play creates many vivid characters, particularly the image of Hamlet is most well-known.To begin with, Hamlet is a intelligent and brave man. There are some reasons to support this .Firstly, he feigns madness after the ghost tells him that his father was murdered by Claudius. Secondly, when there is a theatrical troupe coming to perform in the imperial palace, Hamlet comes up with a great idea. He directs a play with his talent on writing to prove that his uncle was the murder. Thirdly, facing the contrast and difficulties in his life, he doesn't shrink back but choose to accomplish the revenge plan with more efforts.Besides,Hamlet is a hesitant man.Because Hamlet has dual-responsibility.One is to revenge for the death of his father.The other one is to give Denmark people a peaceful life.Being a son and a prince, he has to take all responsibilities. But due to the heavy responsibility, he doesn't believe that he can accomplish it. He couldn't decide to do or not to do for such a long time.Last but least,Hamlet is a man of melancholy.The source of his melancholy is disillusion of ideal. Because Hamlet is a humanist who is full of sweet hope for the everything.But he suffered a series of unfortunate and domestic misfortune suddenly: his father’s death, his mother’s remarriage, his uncle’s usurpation, and his girl friend’s betrayal. The harsh and ugly reality broke his happy ideal, and which led his humanistic beliefs were shattered.In short, Hamlet’s character is complex and profound and his image is distinct and great.。
英国文学选读hamlet
The play is full of seeming discontinuities and irregularities of action. At one point, as in the Gravedigger scene, Hamlet seems resolved to kill Claudius: in the next scene, however, when Claudius appears, he is suddenly tame. Scholars still debate whether these twists are mistakes or intentional additions to add to the play's theme of confusion and duamlet departed from contemporary dramatic
convention in several ways. For example, in Shakespeare's day, plays were usually expected to follow the advice of Aristotle in his Poetics: that a drama should focus on action, not character. In Hamlet, Shakespeare reverses this so that it is through the soliloquies, not the action, that the audience learns Hamlet's motives and thoughts.
This view changed drastically in the 18th century, when critics regarded Hamlet as a hero—a pure, brilliant young man thrust into unfortunate circumstances. Not until the late 18th century did critics and performers begin to view Hamlet as confusing and inconsistent. Before then, he was either mad, or not; either a hero, or not; with no in-betweens. These developments represented a fundamental change in literary criticism, which came to focus more on character and less on plot.
英国文学史及选读 Part IV The Renaissance (2) Hamlet, Prince of Denmark Act III, Scene I
To be, or not to be --- death, the solution
In this take, the Prince's further pondering the nature of death can be seen in the light that death could be considered as an option - the route which allows to avoid choosing between to be and not to be altogether.
Act III, Scene I --- translation
生存还是毁灭，这是一个问题；是默然忍受
命运的暴虐的毒箭，或是挺身反抗人世的无 涯的苦难，通过斗争把它们扫清，这两种行 为，哪一种更高贵？死了；睡着了；什么都 完了；要是在这一种睡眠之中，我们心头的 创痛，以及其他无数血肉之躯所不能避免的 打击，都可以从此消失，那正是我们求之不 得的结局。死了；睡着了；睡着了也许还会 做梦；嗯，阻碍就在这儿：因为当我们摆脱 了这一具朽腐的皮囊以后，在那死的睡眠里， 究竟将要做些什么梦，那不能不使我们踌躇
Act III, Scene I --- context
Claudius asks Gertrude to leave so that he and Polonius can observe a clandestine (秘 密的，私下的) meeting they set up between Hamlet and Ophelia. They tell Ophelia to pretend she is praying and they go and hide. Hamlet enters and gives a soliloquy on his thoughts about himself committing suicide.
hamlet英文读后感3000字
hamlet英文读后感3000字## Hamlet: A Literary Masterpiece of Complexity and Tragedy.Hamlet, one of William Shakespeare's most renowned plays, delves into the intricate depths of human nature through its complex characters, introspective themes, and profound explorations of good and evil. The protagonist, Hamlet, a young prince grappling with grief and betrayal, embodies the introspective and philosophical qualities that define this tragic masterpiece.At the heart of the play lies Hamlet's contemplation of death and the meaning of existence. His "To be or not to be" soliloquy epitomizes his inner turmoil as he weighs the existential implications of life and death. The play's preoccupation with mortality underscores the ephemeral nature of human existence and the inevitability of suffering.Furthermore, Hamlet's characterization is a testament to Shakespeare's genius in creating nuanced and unforgettable characters. Hamlet is a brooding, introspective, and deeply philosophical individual whose actions are driven by a thirst for justice and a desire for truth. His complex personality, fraught with both strengths and weaknesses, adds to the play's richness and complexity.Hamlet also examines the themes of family, betrayal, and revenge. Hamlet's desire for revenge against his uncle, Claudius, who murdered his father, fuels much of the play's action. The play explores the corrosive effects of betrayal and revenge and the moral dilemmas they pose.In terms of its dramatic structure, Hamlet is a sprawling epic that seamlessly blends tragedy and comedy. The play's length and complex plot allow for the development of multiple subplots and the exploration of various themes. The play's use of soliloquies and asides provides invaluable insights into the characters' inner thoughts and motivations, adding depth and psychological realism.Overall, Hamlet stands as a timeless masterpiece of literature that continues to captivate and challenge audiences centuries after its creation. Its complex characters, introspective themes, and profound exploration of the human condition make it a play that transcends time and remains relevant to contemporary society.## 中文回答：哈姆雷特，一部关于复杂性和悲剧的文学杰作。
英美文学《哈姆雷特》
英美文学《哈姆雷特》Why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he ispraying?姓名：班级：学号：专业：AbstractHamlet is the greatest tragedy play of William Shakespeare，the master Hamlet is a typically tragic hero .Hamlet is centered on the hesitation and the options of the heroic Hamlet’s action.The purpose of the paper is to give an analysis of the essential reason why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying .It focuses on the analysis of the character of Hamlet and the thought under the background of the ear of feudal social.Key wordsHamlet; revenge; reasons; character; thought;IntroductionHamlet is the prince of Denmark. He is ought to enjoy a high social position and disrespected by his people. However, he is called back from England by his farther’s sudden death .To his surprise ,his mother has married with uncle so quickly ,which is only two months after his farther’s death. He is so miserable and feel so despaired for the life.Many researches have explored the reasons of Hamlet's delay, but there are few papers studying the reasons why does Hamlet delay in revenging for his father's death when his uncle is praying. It is a good chance .During the process of analysis,Hamlet's character is discussed—his hesitation in action and his options. And the background of social. The purpose of this paper is to find out the deep reason why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying.ChapterⅠHamlet’s characterHamlet is brave, honest, alone and extreme intelligent, but he is also indecisive and hesitant. He knows that it is his duty to obey the command of his father's ghost and he is alone to seek revenge for his father. He performance bravely when he frist faces the ghost, and we can know his intelligent from the dialogues. However, he is so indecisive when he has a good chance to revenge. He thinks about too much during his uncle is praying so that he wastes a opportunity. Hamlet is pure and optimistic before the accident happens. He should have lived without sorrow and anxiety. He has to face many difficulties himself alone now, for there is no one he can trust, not even his family.The character leads to his hesitation in action and his options directly. Because of his doubt and fear of things, it increases his hesitation to make decisions and the difficulty to deal with these options. He is a very sensitive and has a very moral nature. The character(hesitation, honest,moral and so on）become the main reason why does he choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying.ChapterⅡThe thought under the background of social Considering the background of the Denmark in the works. It still is a period of conservation thinking in both the political and social. Ophelia loves Hamlet and Hamlet loves Ophelia too, but she obeys his farther’s arrangement not to meet with Hamlet absolutely, despite they love each other. So the thought is old. When Hamlet’s uncle is praying, he says that he will not kill himnow, otherwise he should send him to heaven. It is not a revenge, but a repay. The feudal social leads a conservative thought, so Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle. Remember: revenge can get out of everything.ConclusionIn addition, This paper has given a deep reason why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying. It is more concerned with the human nature and moral questions. He thinks too much, which has a great effect on his action. The character and the conservative thought become the main reason in his revenge.References[1] Richard Corum.Understanding Hamlet[M].中国人民大学出版社,2008.[2] 郭群英.英国文学新编[M].外语教学与研究出版社,2012,7:[3] 索金梅.英国文学史[M].南开大学出版社,2009,3:58-68.[4] 游斯妹.哈姆雷特性格延宕浅谈[M].衡水学院学报,2007, 9[5] 段庆艳.论哈姆莱特复仇的延宕[J].语文学刊:外语教育与教学,2011(7).[6] 许鸿起.试论哈姆雷特"延宕"的根源[J].天津成人高等学校联合学报, 2002,4(1).。
英美文学《哈姆雷特》
Why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he ispraying?姓名：班级：学号：专业：AbstractHamlet is the greatest tragedy play of William Shakespeare，the master Hamlet is a typically tragic hero .Hamlet is centered on the hesitation and the options of the heroic Hamlet’s action.The purpose of the paper is to give an analysis of the essential reason why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying .It focuses on the analysis of the character of Hamlet and the thought under the background of the ear of feudal social.Key wordsHamlet; revenge; reasons; character; thought;IntroductionHamlet is the prince of Denmark. He is ought to enjoy a high social position and disrespected by his people. However, he is called back from England by his farther’s sudden death .To his surprise ,his mother has married with uncle so quickly ,which is only two months after his farther’s death. He is so miserable and feel so despaired for the life.Many researches have explored the reasons of Hamlet's delay, but there are few papers studying the reasons why does Hamlet delay in revenging for his father's death when his uncle is praying. It is a good chance .During the process of analysis, Hamlet's character is discussed—his hesitation in action and his options. And the background of social. The purpose of this paper is to find out the deep reason why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying.ChapterⅠHamlet’s characterHamlet is brave, honest, alone and extreme intelligent, but he is also indecisive and hesitant. He knows that it is his duty to obey the command of his father's ghost and he is alone to seek revenge for his father. He performance bravely when he frist faces the ghost, and we can know his intelligent from the dialogues. However, he is so indecisive when he has a good chance to revenge. He thinks about too much during his uncle is praying so that he wastes a opportunity. Hamlet is pure and optimisticbefore the accident happens. He should have lived without sorrow and anxiety. He has to face many difficulties himself alone now, for there is no one he can trust, not even his family.The character leads to his hesitation in action and his options directly. Because of his doubt and fear of things, it increases his hesitation to make decisions and the difficulty to deal with these options. He is a very sensitive and has a very moral nature. The character(hesitation, honest,moral and so on）become the main reason why does he choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying.ChapterⅡThe thought under the background of social Considering the background of the Denmark in the works. It still is a period of conservation thinking in both the political and social. Ophelia loves Hamlet and Hamlet loves Ophelia too, but she obeys his farther’s arrangement not to meet with Hamlet absolutely, despite they love each other. So the thought is old. When Hamlet’s uncle is praying, he says that he will not kill him now, otherwise he should send him to heaven. It is not a revenge, but a repay. The feudal social leads a conservative thought, so Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle. Remember: revenge can get out of everything.ConclusionIn addition, This paper has given a deep reason why does Hamlet choose not to kill his uncle when he is praying. It is more concerned with the human nature and moral questions. He thinks too much, which has a great effect on his action. The character and the conservative thought become the main reason in his revenge.References[1] Richard Corum.Understanding Hamlet[M].中国人民大学出版社,2008.[2] 郭群英.英国文学新编[M].外语教学与研究出版社,2012,7:[3] 索金梅.英国文学史[M].南开大学出版社,2009,3:58-68.[4] 游斯妹.哈姆雷特性格延宕浅谈[M].衡水学院学报,2007, 9[5] 段庆艳.论哈姆莱特复仇的延宕[J].语文学刊:外语教育与教学,2011(7).[6] 许鸿起.试论哈姆雷特"延宕"的根源[J].天津成人高等学校联合学报, 2002,4(1).。
英国文学选读 Hamlet
• Otherwise, “With a bare bodkin？Who would these fardels bear," bare bodkin = mere dagger
Hamlet
©17113107 张姝
Content
• Basic Information of Hamlet • Status of Hamlet • Main Idea of Hamlet • What is Soliloquy and its functions • Main Idea of the selected Soliloquy • Analysis of the selected Soliloquy • Conclusion
Analysis
• "thus the native hue of resolution / Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought" , meaning that if he had been decisive enough to solve his problems, it's too late now, because thinking makes healthy decisiveness sick.
• "Suffer" = "allow" or "permit" • "to take arms against a sea of troubles," • What good would a sword or spear do against a sea? • the ultimate solution, to "not be" at all, "To die, to sleep." • "'tis a consummation / Devoutly to be wish'd," and there's a lullaby
Hamlet
哈姆雷特：生存或毁灭, 这是个必 哈姆雷特：生存或毁灭, 答之问题： 答之问题：
是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击， 还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌， 并将其克服。 此二抉择, 此二抉择, 究竟是哪个较崇高？ 死即睡眠，它不过如此！ 倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患， 那么，此结局是可盼的！ 那么，此结局是可盼的！
3. His intellectual genius is outstanding. He is a close observer of men and manners. He easily through people. Like he says: “ Denmark is a prison”. prison” 4. To conclude, Hamlet is a man of genius, highly accomplished and educated, a man of far-reaching perception and sparking wit. He faris a scholar, soldier and statesman. His image reflects the versatility of the men of the Renaissance. （李正栓，p180） （李正栓，p180）
That makes calamity of so long life. For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, The pangs of despis'd love, the law's delay, The insolence of office, and the spurns That patient merit of th' unworthy takes, When he himself might his quietus make
Hamlet（最终5篇）
Hamlet（最终5篇）第一篇：HamletHamlet(Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86)To be, or not to be-that is the question:Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortuneOr to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them.T o die-to sleep-No more(death is nothing more than a sleep);and by a sleep to say we endThe heartache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to.'Tis a consummation(final settlement)Devoutly to be wish'd.To die-to sleep.To sleep-perchance(maybe)to dream : ay(yes), there's the rub(difficulty)!For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,Must give us pause.There's the respect(consideration) That makes calamity of so long life.For who would bear the whips(tortures)and scorns of time,Th' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely,love in scorn), the law's delay,the contempt held by the people of high rank), and the spurns(kicks) That patient merit of th' unworthy takes,When he himself might his quietus(peace,death)makeWith a bare bodkin(dagger)? Who would these fardels(burden)bear,To grunt(groan)and sweat under a weary life,But that the dread of something after death-（the country of the dead）, from whose bourn(boundary)No traveller returns-puzzles the will,And makes us rather bear those ills we have Than fly to others that we know not of?Thus conscience(awareness)does make cowards of us all,And thus the native hue(colour)of resolutionIs sicklied(shade)of thought,And enterprises of great pitch(significance)and moment(urgency)With this regard their currents turn awryAnd lose the name of action(fail to put into action).（1601）Hamlet: Act ⅲ Scene 1 To Be, or Not to Be• 1.Hamlet is characterised by his melancholy and delay in action.Give acharacter analysis of Hamlet and list the possible reason for his melancholy and delay.•• 2.What has Hamlet mentioned about the ills of his age? 3.It is often quoted and read as independent poem.What wider significanceof the soliloquy?第二篇：On Hamlet四川外国语大学英语学院2010级7班袁经贵学号：201038010158On Hamlet: Revenge Impoverishes OneThe play Hamlet is written by William Shakespeare, the greatest drama as well as the greatest poet in the world literature in The English Renaissance.Hamlet, the most famous masterpiece of Shakespeare, one of the four tragedies among his lifetime works.The play is written in old English.Whole story can be divided into five acts, and each act contains several scenes in which the author introduces the main character and background information including some asides.The theme of the book is the record of the process that Hamlet, prince of Denmark, plans to average his father’s murder.Having finished reading the work, I’m impressed by a couple of leading of characters.H amlet once is an optimistic, happy prince before he becomes heavyhearted after his father’s death and his mother’s over-hasty marriage.Itrightly turns out a usual saying that a person’s characteristic change up to the circumstance to be right.I have great sympathy for Ophelia, a fairy kind-hearted girl.She has to deny Hamlet’s affection for her in her situation and bear huge pain alone within heart.She loses her lover as well as his father.Therefore, she is driven into desperate states.She dies at last.As to Laertes, he is completely taken advantage of by foxy Claudius for his urgent mentality to average his father a bad ending.Claudius, a murderer and a poisoner, should be blamed for the tragedy.I’ll analyze his characteristic in detail.First of all, Claudius is cruel person.He uses such a cruel method that pours poison in the king’s ears to murder his brother when the king is in the sleeping.He also takes up his brother’s wife regardless of feeling of brothers.At the end of the story, Claudius does further think double ways to kill Hamlet.That is, to pour poison on both Hamlet’s cup and Laertes’ sword.Above all, he is rather cold-blooded and self despite that Claudius has done sorts of wrongdoings, he is still in upset.He comforts himself that his fault is past, and compares his doing to ambition, which is ridiculous.Claudius prays that god forgives his foul murder.Moreover, Claudius is doubtful and foxy.Both Laertes and his father are used by Claudius, with ending of dying.Let’s see how Claudius persuades L aertes to fight with Hamlet.Firstly, Claudius announces that he is guiltless of Polonius’s death and most sensible in grief for it.He shows that he has nothing to do with Laertes’s father’s killing to get close to Laertes.What’s more, he wants to purchase Laertes with money, power.Claudius even promises to give his kingdom, crown and life to Laertes in his satisfaction.Finally, Claudius’s conspiracy is realized, he asks Laertes “will you be ruled by me”, Laertes agrees.Claudius urges Laertes to undertake the actionwith the words “to show yourself your father’s son in deed more than in words”.From Hamlet, we can learn that revenge will impoverish one especially when revenge is the only card one has: friends become foes, family broken, and love vanished.第三篇：HamletHamlet's fate was very rough: the father is poisoned, the mother be possessed, kingship stolen.His choices sometimes irrational, impulsive, such as when he stabbed his sword Infuriated mistaken King Polonius.He feigned madness to escape the persecution of the king that he quite sensible and tenacious.But undoubtedly the most prominent of Hamlet's character is his indecision.The face of his father is poisoned, the mother is possession, kingship stolen, the strong desire of revenge in Hamlet.He decided to never use this natural way to express the firm belief in their own revenge.But on the other hand, Hamlet kill enemies this seemingly simple move has demonstrated the concerns of ordinary people difficult to understand complex, he would have been excellent opportunity several times to kill the enemy, but the mischief of this complex, revenge plan again and again fall short.When he even encountered the enemy in prayer for their own sins, the idea of revenge is only fleetingOne side of the pain is his father's hatred of the gnashing of teeth, the souls of the sound of his father to recover, and the other side is seriously thinking about the value of life, innate melancholy natures.Hamlet hovering between struggling.T o examine him with suspicion all around: human hypocrisy, the injustice of the world , and finally reached the apex of this suspect status: “survival or destruction?” His top priority is revenge, re-The vibration country.This overload of thinking for the meaningof life, no doubt of the indecision of Hamlet played a role in fueling.Character decided the fate.This is the truth.Hamlet's tragic character foreshadowed his tragic fate.Under this kind of personality, his ideas of revenge struggling torment.Revenge became his all.This is the tragedy, its roots in indecisive Hamlet's character, this is the tragedy of the character第四篇：The Character of HamletThe Character of Hamlet“ Hamlet ” is a classical representative work of Shakespear.It is one of four tragedies ,which are Hamlet , Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth.Hamlet is the famous tragedy character of Shakespeare.In this drama，Hamlet is the center of the whole story.And Shakespeare depicts the image through a series of revenges to reveal his complex inner world.The prince of Denmark Hamlet suffered a series of unfortunate and domestic misfortune suddenly:father demise, uncle, claudius superposition of aspiring, his mother remarried gave uncle.All this made him into a great pain.Then the ghost of his father told him that he was poisoned by his uncle.He considered the problem of each aspect, neither fear leak worry, or afraid ghost was false, afraid fall into the wrong trap.He sullen, have to fool on occasion to confuse your enemies, waiting for an opportunity of revenge.Shakespeare in order to launch a description.Hamlet character is complicated.Through various but and revenge main clue inter woven plot shows his unique personality.1.melancholy the source of melancholy is disillusion of idea: A series of dishonorable incidents happen suddenly, broke him about life and the world, love, friendship, and future ,a series of humanistic fantasy.The disillusion of idea make he cannot bear the load pressure and be in trouble ,which produced a melancholy.Andthen he analyse the realitythat as the profound insight of a philosopher,to expose the social evil.In his spiritual crisis, he continue to explore more serious social evils, these new and then tbring his melancholy further upgrade andachieve abnormal reach of the depth and breadth.From wearing sackcloth from his debut, to the castle to wait the father, to pretend crazy, to play in acting, to persuade the mother, to the sea to detect crafty, to the graveyard funeral, to contest, until he finally was destroyed, depression never leave him.2.boggleHamlet is a man with contradictory,he had many chances to kill Claudius,but he hesitated,which reflects the religious thought poisons.Why?One is the situation was not in his favor and have a great disparity;another is revenge for father and have to turn the tideof battle.The long-term, difficultstruggle, complexity and risk led to his actions hesitation.So he will be thinking all the time before acting ,and experience a long process than other people.Or he decided to take action but do not know how to do.He has opportunity to revenge when Claudius was praying.However,the useless thingking of soul into heaven or hell let him miss the chance.So he has been waiting for an opportunity and it do not come;once arrived,but lost.It made the final tragic ending.“To be or not to be ”is a question of life.This is also the misfortune that humanist must face.Hamlet,a humanistrepresentedthe humanism and showed the author's reflection and the Renaissance movement of human destiny and future social anxiety.Hamlet is a humanist who is between ideals and the reality, andis full of sweet hope for the everything,men,and society.But the harsh and ugly realitybroke his happy ideal, andwhich led his humanistic beliefs were shattered.Hamlet’s complex contradictory character not only a personal characteristics,but also the product of the time.Hamlet's destruction revealed the humanistic tragedy.第五篇：hamlet英文Reasons of hesitation of hamlet: the king is well-guarded and he is his dear mother’s husband.He is afraid of hurt his mother’s heart.He is a humanist before the murder happened.Therefore,he think its hateful and awful to kill another human.His melancholy and dispiritment also make him hesitated.Besides,he did not believe totally what the ghost said.Brief process:hearing the death, oastmeet the ghost ,disguise crazily to cover his nervous and supervise what the king do.Hesitate about what the ghost said.Perform a play to validate the words from the ghost.The queen talk with hamlet, then hamlet kill 剥夺立刻(father of hamlet’s lover), he thought he is the king hiding behind the purdah.then the queen agree to correct her faults.hamlet is popular with the people.Then he was sent to a country as an excuse to be killed.but he escaped.He is well treated by the pirates.When he came back, he found his lover was dead for her father’s death.Then the king suborn 奥菲利娅’ brother to make a duel with hamlet.Then leioutis(oufeoliya’s brother)is killed by hamlet.Hamlet also killed by the poison lain on the sword.And the queen is killed by drinking wrongly the poison prepared for hamlet.Finally hamlet killed the king.Hamlet do not think twice about his country.He should know that a country can’t live longer wiyhout a king when he is unable to live.有一千个读者，就有一千个哈姆雷特一脸肃穆的忧郁王子，但“剧前期”的哈姆雷特可是一个在人文主义思想策源地的威登堡大学学习的快乐王子，他对人类充满了理性的信念：“人类是一件多么了不得的杰作！多么高贵的理性！多么伟大的能力！多么优美的仪表！多么文雅的举动！在行为上多么像一个天使，在智慧上多么像一个天神！宇宙的精华！万物的灵长！”。
英国文学史paraphrase解释Hamlet哈姆雷特
英国⽂学史paraphrase解释Hamlet哈姆雷特HAMLETTo be, or not to be: that is the question:Should I live on or should I kill myself? That is a question.Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer 65Whether it is determined to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,The fatal attacks of cruel destiny,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,Or to fight against numerous troubles.And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep;No more; and by a sleep to say we endThe heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks 70And make them end by defiance. To die is no more than to sleep; and we no longer suffer from the aching of heart and many natural attacks the body is suffering.That flesh is heir to, 'tis a consummationDevoutly to be wish'd. To die, to sleep;It is a result we eagerly wish. To die is to sleep.To sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub;We may dream when sleeping. Ah, this is the dilemma.For in that sleep of death what dreams may comeBecause when we died what dreams may we have?When we have shuffled off this mortal coil, 75When we have got rid of the turmoil of mortality,Must give us pause8: there’s the respectThe sleeping-like death must bring about our hesitation. There exists the consideration That makes calamity of so long life; That makes the disorder/disaster long live.For who would bear the whips and scorns of time11,For who have to endure the punishment and insult in this world,The oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely12,The oppressor’s evil and the proud man’s scornful insolence,The pangs of dispised love, the law's delay, 80The pain of rejected love and the justice of law coming late.The insolence of office and the spurns13That patient merit of the unworthy takes14,The insolence of the power and the contemptuous rejections, which the people of praiseworthy take of the unworthy.When he himself might his quietus make15With a bare bodkin16? who would fardels17 bear,To grunt18 and sweat under a weary life, 85If he himself might make an end of his life/might free himself from all troubles of life with a mere dagger? Who would shoulder the burdens to groan and sweat in a boring and tiring life?But that the dread of something after death,If not for the fear of the things after death,The undiscover'd country19 from whose bourn20,No traveller returns, puzzles the will21The unknown place where we go after death, no traveler returns from the boundary of which after death, confuses the will, And makes us rather bear those ills we haveMakes us prefer to stand the evilThan fly to others that we know not of? 90Than to fly to other places we don’t know?Thus conscience1 does make cowards of us all; 2Thus the consciousness makes all of us dastardsAnd thus the native hue of resolution3And the natural color of determination,Is sicklied o'er4 with the pale cast of thought5,Is made sick with the pale look of thought,And enterprises of great pith and moment6And the plans of great height and importance,With this regard their currents turn awry7, 95Because their direction turn aside, 96And lose the name of action8.--Soft you now!9And lose the honor that derives from action,--- Restrain yourself!The fair Ophelia! Nymph10, in thy orisons11The beautiful Ophelia! My gods, in your prayers,Be all my sins remember'd.Please remember all my sins.。
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Language
Compared with language in a modern newspaper, magazine or popular novel, Shakespeare's language can strike contemporary readers as complex, elaborate and at times difficult to understand. Remarkably, it still works well enough in the theatre: audiences at the reconstruction of 'Shakespeare's Globe' in London, many of whom have never been to the theatre before, let alone to a play by Shakespeare, seem to have little difficulty grasping the play's action.
Dramatic Structure
Hamlet departed from contemporary dramatic
convention in several ways. For example, in Shakespeare's day, plays were usually expected to follow the advice of Aristotle in his Poetics: that a drama should focus on action, not character. In Hamlet, Shakespeare reverses this so that it is through the soliloquies, not the action, that the audience learns Hamlet's motives and thoughts.
Much of Hamlet's language is courtly: elaborate, witty discourse. Claudius's speech is rich with rhetorical figures—as is Hamlet's and, at times, Ophelia's—while the language of Horatio, the guards, and the gravediggers is simpler. Claudius's high status is reinforced by using the royal first person plural ("we" or "us"), and anaphora mixed with metaphor to resonate with Greek political speeches.
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This view changed drastically in the 18th century, when critics regarded Hamlet as a hero—a pure, brilliant young man thrust into unfortunate circumstances. Not until the late 18th century did critics and performers begin to view Hamlet as confusing and inconsistent. Before then, he was either mad, or not; either a hero, or not; with no in-betweens. These developments represented a fundamental change in literary criticism, which came to focus more on character and less on plot.
When he realises that he has killed Ophelia's father, he is not remorseful, but calls Polonius "Thou wretched, rash, intruding fool.“ The Ghost appears, urging Hamlet to treat Gertrude gently, but reminding him to kill Claudius. Unable to see or hear the Ghost herself, Gertrude takes Hamlet's conversation with it as further evidence of madness.
Analysis and Criticism
From the early 17th century, the play was famous for its ghost and vivid dramatisation of melancholy and insanity. Though it remained popular with mass audiences, late 17th-century Restoration critics saw Hamlet as primitive and disapproved of its lack of unity and decorum.
By the 19th century, Romantic critics valued Hamlet for its internal, individual conflict reflecting the strong contemporary emphasis on internal struggles and inner character in general. Then too, critics started to focus on Hamlet's delay as a character trait, rather than a plot device. This focus on character and internal struggle continued into the 20th century, when criticism branched in several directions.
A courtier, Osric, interrupts to invite Hamlet to fence with Laertes.
Despite Horatio's warnings, Hamlet accepts and the match begins. After several rounds, Gertrude toasts Hamlet—against the urgent warning of Claudius—accidentally drinking the wine he poisoned. Between bouts, Laertes attacks and pierces Hamlet with his poisoned blade; in the ensuing scuffle, Hamlet is able to use Laertes's own poisoned sword against him. Gertrude falls and, in her dying breath, announces that she has been poisoned.
Hamlet
The Tragical History of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
The play, set in the Kingdom of Denmark, recounts how Prince Hamlet exacts revenge on his uncle Claudius for murdering the old King Hamlet (Claudius's brother and Prince Hamlet's father) and then succeeding to the throne and marrying Gertrude (the King Hamlet's widow and mother of Prince Hamlet).
Supplementary Parts to the Plot Summary
Gertrude summons Hamlet to her closet to demand an explanation. On his way, Hamlet passes Claudius in prayer, but hesitates to kill him, reasoning that death in prayer would send him to heaven. However, it is revealed that the King is not truly praying, remarking that "words" never made it to heaven without "thoughts”.
Finally, in a period when most plays ran for two hours or so, the full text of Hamlet—Shakespeare's longest play, with 4,042 lines, totalling 29,551 words—takes over four hours to deliver. Even today the play is rarely performed in its entirety, and has only once been dramatised on film completely, with Kenneth Branagh's 1996 version. Hamlet also contains a favourite Shakespearean device, a play within the play, a literary device or conceit in which one story is told during the action of another story.