主谓语的一致性

主谓语的一致性

语法一致、意义一致、就近原则

1.名词做主语的数

1)当句子的主语是可数名词时，谓语动词的数和主语的数相一致

His daughter lives in New York.

His daughters live in New York.

注意：如果主语和谓语之间插入一个短语，这时候，谓语动词的数要同短语所修饰的主语相一致，这些短语对主语的单复数不构成任何影响。这样的词有as well as, together with, in the accompany of, accompanied by, besides, in additional to, including, except, but, like, unlike, rather than, no less than等等

2)当主语是物质名词时，因为物质名词一般是不可数的，不管其数量是多少，无论受a lot

of, a great deal of, a little, little, much, too much, a great amount of等表示数量多少的词修饰，这个名词一概用作单数，因此，谓语动词也要用单数形式。

但当名词前有单位词修饰时，谓语动词的数要跟单位词的数一致——piece, bottle, set, sheet, loaf, bar等等

2.以-s结尾的名词的数

@1.英语中有些总是以复数形式出现的单词，如pants, trousers, jeans, scissors, scales, sunglasses, tongs , pliers, tweezers, surroundings, dregs, belongs, savings, earnings, wages, fireworks, goods, minutes, remains, arms, clothes，pincers, shorts, suspenders, archives, contents, eaves, morals, stairs, suburbs, thanks等，这样的名词做主语，谓语动词要用复数形式。

但如果有单位词修饰，则由单位词的单复数决定。

@2.如果是国家、机构的名称，谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称，通常用作复数形式

@3如果是疾病、游戏、学科谓语动词用单数

Arthritis, bronchitis, rickets, mumps, diabetes等

Darts, marbles, cards等

Physics, mathematics, mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics, statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics, tactics等

3.单复数同形的名词的数

@1.如species, means, series, sheep, deer等，谓语动词根据上下文判断

@2.有些名族可以表示民族也可以表示语言，在表示民族时用复数，表示语言时用单数4.集体名词的数

@1.police,people, cattle, militia, poultry, vermin, clergy, youth+复数

@2.foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, baggage, information, evidence+单数

@3.audience, family, class, team , committee, club, government, board, crew, crowd, enemy, group, leadership, nation, orchestra, party, public, staff, jury+单数/复数

5.作主语的名词前有修饰语时

@1.and/both……and为复数意义+谓语动词复数形式；不是复数意义+谓语动词单数形式Ham and eggs is a good breakfast.

What I say and think are no business of yours.

Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.

@2.every, each, either, neither, much, little, a little , whole+单数

Many, several, a few, few, a number of+复数

注意：many+复数many a /more than one+单数

@3.all of, some of, most of, half of, the rest of, a lot of, the last, the remainder，as much as, rather than, more than , no less than+名词单数就单数，名词复数就复数

@4.the majority, a minority of+复数one of+复数the one/only of+单数

6.or, not only……but also，either……or, neither……nor, nor+就近原则

7.数量概念的主谓一致问题

@1.数量看做整体概念时+单数；数量看做个体概念时+复数

@2.相减或相除+单数；相乘或相加+复数

@3.one in/one out of+单数

@4.分数/百分数+of+名词+根据名词的单复数确定

@5.a portion of, a series of , a pile of , a panel of, a committee of, a board of +单数

@6.a kind , sort, type of, this kind+单数：these kinds of, many, several kinds of+复数

8.不定代词anyone, someone, everyone, no one, one each, whatever, anybody, somebody,

everybody, nobody, either, whichever, anything, something, everything, nothing, neither, whoever+单数

9.不定式、动词ing、that、wh-词引导的句子做主语时+单数