John Milton Paradise Lost
Paradise Lost
Theme：
the main idea of the poem is the heroic revolt against god's authority. to justify the ways of God to men Milton constantly reminds us of our sins, or rather of the fact that we are sinners in a fallen world. 这首诗的主旨是英雄起义反对上帝的权威。 证明了上帝到人的过程 弥尔顿不断提醒我们的罪,或者更确切的说是,我 们是罪人在一个堕落的世界。 宣泄了王朝复辟后的内心苦楚与无奈以及对资产 阶级革命始终不渝的态度。
1.由上帝创造的第一个人类。认为是上帝珍贵的创 造。 2、遵守所有的生物的规则世界，和他的妻子驻留 在伊甸园。 3、加入夏娃违背上帝。
பைடு நூலகம்
E ve ：
1.The second human created by God, taken from one of Adam's ribs and shaped into a female form of Adam. 2. The model of a good wife, and happily submissive to Adam. 3.Is tempted by Satan to sin against God 1.由上帝创造的第二个人类,是从亚当的一根肋骨, 形成女性形式的亚当。 2.是一个典型的好妻子,并愉快地顺从亚当。 3.被撒旦诱惑得罪上帝
With suppliant knee, and deify his power, Who from the terror of this arm so late Doubted his empire; that were low indeed. That were an ignominy and shame beneath This downfall; since by Fate the strength of gods And this empyreal substance cannot fail; Since through experience of this great event
Paradise lost(简介)
约翰·弥尔顿的英文诗约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton,1608～1674）英国诗人、政论家，民主斗士。
弥尔顿是清教徒文学的代表，他的一生都在为资产阶级民主运动而奋斗，代表作《失乐园》是和《荷马史诗》、《神曲》并称为西方三大诗歌。
Paradise Lost译为“失乐园”。
作品介绍《失乐园》（Paradise Lost），全文12卷，以史诗一般的磅礴气势揭示了人的原罪与堕落。
诗中叛逆天使撒旦，因为反抗上帝的权威被打入地狱，却仍不悔改，负隅反抗，为复仇寻至伊甸园。
亚当与夏娃受被撒旦附身的蛇的引诱，偷吃了上帝明令禁吃的分辨善恶的树上的果子。
最终，撒旦及其同伙遭谴全变成了蛇，亚当与夏娃被逐出了伊甸园。
该诗体现了诗人追求自由的崇高精神，是世界文学史、思想史上的一部极重要的作品。
“失乐园”的由来是从《圣经》创世纪中所诉的故事中得来的：亚当和夏娃偷食禁果以后，世界便为此颠倒。
原来温暖如春的天空中盘旋着背离上帝的寒流，凉风一阵紧似一阵地吹过来，世间的一切都开始变得紊乱而不和谐。
道分阴阳，动静相摩，高下相克。
人失去了天真烂漫、无忧无虑的童年，注定要经历酸甜苦辣的洗礼，体验喜怒哀乐的无常。
智慧是人类脱离自然界的标志，也是人类苦闷和不安的根源。
上帝在园中行走，亚当和夏娃听见他的脚步声。
此时他们的心与上帝有了罅隙，出于负罪感，他们开始在树林中躲避上帝。
上帝对人的失落发出了痛切的呼唤：“亚当，你在那里？人哪，你在哪里？”这呼唤中包涵着上帝对人犯罪堕落，失掉了赐给人原初的绝对完美的忧伤与失望，又包涵着对人认罪归来，恢复神性的期待。
然而在上帝一步紧似一步的追问面前，亚当归咎于夏娃，夏娃委罪于蛇。
这就是上帝对人类最初的失望与忧伤，这就是人类背离上帝的最初堕落与痛苦。
亚当对上帝说：“我在园中听见您的声音，就害怕，因为我赤身露体，我便藏了起来。
”“谁告诉你赤身露体的呢？莫非你吃了我吩咐你不可吃的那树上的果子么！”上帝知道他已背离了自己的意志，愤怒地质问。
paradise lost修辞手法
"失乐园"（Paradise Lost）是约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton）创作的一部史诗诗歌，其修辞手法丰富多样，体现了文学的高度艺术性。
以下是其中一些常见的修辞手法：
1. 史诗才情：弥尔顿使用了史诗才情，通过叙述英雄事迹和超凡脱俗的场景，塑造了庄严宏大的史诗氛围。
2. 拟人：通过拟人，将抽象的概念或自然元素赋予人的特性。
例如，描绘天使和恶魔，以及对抽象概念如死亡、胜利的拟人。
3. 对仗：使用押韵、平仄、格律等手法，创造出旋律感强烈的韵律，增强语言的音韵美。
4. 修辞比喻：运用比喻手法，将抽象概念具象化。
例如，对于失乐园的描绘，弥尔顿通过比喻来表达人类的堕落和原罪。
5. 重复：弥尔顿在叙事中使用了重复手法，通过反复出现的词语或短语，强调主题，增强表达的力度。
6. 对照：通过对照手法，突显作品中的矛盾和冲突，使叙事更加丰富。
7. 借用古典：弥尔顿借鉴了古希腊和古罗马史诗的传统，采用了一些古典的修辞手法和表达方式。
总体而言，"失乐园" 是一部修辞手法丰富、语言华美、庄重高远的文学巨著，充分展示了约翰·弥尔顿在文学创作上的卓越才华。
paradise lost英文鉴赏
paradise lost英文鉴赏"Paradise Lost" is a lengthy epic poem by John Milton, which was published in 1667. It tells the biblical story of Adam and Eve's fall from grace, as well as the rebellion of Satan and his eventual defeat by the Son of God. The poem is divided into twelve books, each containing complex themes and allegorical symbolism.One of the most noteworthy aspects of "Paradise Lost" is its use of language and literary techniques. Milton's writing is incredibly rich and complex, with a heavy emphasis on theological discourse and classical references. The poem is written in a heightened style of English known as epic poetry, which is characterized by its use of elevated language and formal structure.The poem also employs numerous literary devices, such as allusion, metaphor, and symbolism. For example, Satan is often portrayed as a serpent, alluding to his deceptive nature and the biblical story of the serpent tempting Eve in the Garden of Eden. In addition, the poem uses highly symbolic imagery to convey complex themes, such as the Tree of Knowledge representing the dangers of temptation and disobedience.Another notable aspect of "Paradise Lost" is its exploration of complextheological themes, such as the nature of free will and the concept of original sin. The poem delves into the philosophical implications of Adam and Eve's disobedience, raising questions about the nature of God and the relationship between humans and divinity.Overall, "Paradise Lost" is a masterpiece of English literature that has had a profound influence on subsequent writers and thinkers. Its intricate language, deep symbolism, and complex themes continue to inspire readers and scholars alike.。
弥尔顿的《失乐园》
ABSTRACTJohn Milton, one of the greatest poets at the end of English Renaissance, whose works have occupied a high position in the history of English literature, culture and ideology. His personal experience and social environment play an important role in the creation of his works. All of Milton’s works, Paradise Lost is extremely complicated and profound. The story were taken from The Old Testament. It is regarded as a summary of the 17th century English social history, as well as powerful weapons against feudalism. The thesis will analyze the rebellious spirit in Paradise Lost.This paper is divided into three chapters. Chapter one is about research status on Paradise Lost. Chapter two is the manifestation of Milton’ rebellious spirit in Paradise Lost. This part includes the reasons for their rebel. Their rebellious spirit is reflected by different characters, Satan, Adam and Eve and their symbolic meaningsin Paradise Lost. Chapter three focus on the reasons for the formation of Milton’s rebellious spirit, mainly from the aspects of his personal experience and social environment.Key words: Milton rebellious spirit personal experiences Paradise Lost摘要约翰弥尔顿，是英国文艺复兴时最伟大的诗人之一。
约翰弥尔顿英国文艺复兴时期最伟大的诗人
约翰弥尔顿英国文艺复兴时期最伟大的诗人约翰弥尔顿（John Milton）是英国文艺复兴时期最伟大的诗人之一。
他生于1608年，逝世于1674年，一生的贡献和影响力在英国文学史上久负盛名。
弥尔顿以其杰出的作品《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）而闻名，该作品被公认为英国文学史上最伟大的叙事诗之一，也是世界文学的经典之作。
约翰弥尔顿的成就不仅仅体现在其作品的数量和质量上，还体现在他对英国文学发展的重要影响。
在他生活的时代，英国正经历文艺复兴，新的思想观念和文学形式不断涌现。
而弥尔顿正是这个时代的代表人物，他的作品和思想对后来的文学创作产生了深远的影响。
《失乐园》是约翰弥尔顿最为伟大的作品之一。
这部诗叙述了亚当和夏娃被驱逐出伊甸园的故事，同时也包含了对人类的原罪、对权力和自由的探索等深刻的哲学思考。
弥尔顿通过韵文和叙事结构的运用，展示了他卓越的语言表达能力和文学才华。
《失乐园》以其引人入胜的故事和复杂的主题深深吸引了读者，并在文学界产生了广泛的影响。
弥尔顿的作品不仅仅局限于诗歌领域，他还是一位杂文家和政治家。
他的政治观点和作品深受英国历史和社会的影响。
在他的杂文中，弥尔顿主张言论自由和思想自由，并积极参与到当时的政治讨论中。
他的政治立场和文化观点在当时是非常先进的，对英国的政治和文化发展起到了重要的推动作用。
约翰弥尔顿的诗歌风格独特，充满了对美和真理的追求。
他对诗歌的探索和创新，使他成为英国文学史上最重要的诗人之一。
他的作品通过优美的语言和深刻的思考，表达了对人类存在和命运的探索，体现了他对自由和正义的理想追求。
弥尔顿的诗歌作品一直被视为经典，对后世的诗人和文学创作都产生了深远的影响。
总结起来，约翰弥尔顿是英国文艺复兴时期最伟大的诗人之一。
他的杰出作品《失乐园》以其高超的诗歌技巧和深邃的思想充分展示了他的文学才华和创作才能。
而他的政治观点和杂文作品也对英国的政治和文化发展产生了重要影响。
弥尔顿的成就使他成为英国文学史上不可忽视的重要人物，他的作品将继续影响着后世的诗人和读者。
论《失乐园》中撒旦的形象
An Analysis of Satan in Paradise Lost 论《失乐园》中撒旦的形象An analysis of Satan in Paradise Lost摘要约翰·弥尔顿是英语文化历史上非常有名的一位作家。
他的著作—《失乐园》是英语文化史上的一座里程碑。
在约翰·弥尔顿所有的著作中，《失乐园》是最复杂，最难理解的一部作品，并为他赢得了永久的荣誉。
他的史诗使得撒旦的形象更加生动，更加具有人性，并且使其在某些方面成为了一名特殊的英雄。
弥尔顿用了很多的语句来描写撒旦对他的追随者所做的雄辩。
撒旦追求自由，但是却不能用暴力手段得到他想要的。
这就是撒旦在弥尔顿的著作中具有一种矛盾性。
尽管弥尔顿用了一种积极的态度来描写撒旦，但是撒旦邪恶的本性却从未改变。
他的矛盾情感鲜明地遍及整个诗篇。
这种矛盾的情感吸引了众多批评家的目光，引起了几个世纪的争论。
本文通过分析撒旦在《失乐园》中的形象，使得人们获得一种不同的视角来重新审视邪恶的撒旦。
他的字句反映了他毕生所挚爱的自由，同时暗示通过暴力方式所进行的革命终将会失败，这也体现了弥尔顿自己的意志与精神。
关键词：撒旦；自由；英雄；失败AbstractJohn Milton was a very famous writer during the history of English literature. His masterpiece Paradise Lost was undoubtedly a milestone in the history of English literature. Among all of John Milton’s great works,Paradise Lost was the most complicated and most profound one, which won him endless honor. His epic made Satan more vivid more humanized and made him a special hero in some aspects. Milton wrote a lot of sentences to describe Satan’s defense for his followers. Satan sought for freedom, but he couldn’t get what he wanted by violence. That’s why Satan in Milton’s masterpiece had a kind of contradiction. Although Milton adopted a positive attitude to describe Satan, his evil characteristic didn’t change at all. His ambivalence was obviously throughout the whole poem. This kind of ambivalence caught all critics’ eyes and led to centuries’ disputes.By analyzing Satan in Paradise Lost,the author of this paper aims to make people obtain a different angle to revisit the evil one, Satan. His words showed his lifelong love for freedom, and implied that the revolution would be failed by violence, which also reflected Milton’s own idea and spirit.Key Words:Satan; freedom; hero; failure安阳师范学院人文管理学院本科毕业论文Contents摘要 (I)Abstract (II)1. Introduction (1)2. The Realistic Significance of Paradise Lost (1)2.1 The Presentation of Every Image of Different Classes (1)2.2 The Theme of the Whole Book (2)2.3 The Doomed Ending of Satan (2)3. The Changes of Satan (3)3.1 Satan in the Bible (3)3.1.1 The Congregation of All the Sins in Bible (3)3.1.2 Satan’s Wisdom and Emotion (3)3.2 Satan in Paradise Lost (4)3.2.1 Satan as an Independent Image (6)3.2.2 Satan’s Contradiction (7)3.2.3 The Eloquent Satan (7)4. The Reasons of Satan’s Heroic Image (8)4.1 The Heroic Image of Satan (8)4.2 The More Humanized Satan (9)5. Conclusion (10)Bibliography (11)Acknowledgements (12)1. IntroductionWhile Shakespeare was still writing his great plays, another excellent English poet was born in London. He was John Milton. John Milton, one of the greatest poets of the English language, was a political commentator of the English Bourgeois Revolution, whose importance was acknowledged around the world. Although Milton’s father was a puritan, he was a music and book lover. Puritans refer to the people who assert themselves the most rigid believers of God. What’s more he taught little Milton to enjoy music and books. Milton has received humanistic thoughts from 16th century and accepted the great science achievements of the 17th century, at the same time he had a critical attitude towards his life. He thought that science was not everything. Without justice and science, people couldn’t get peace and real happiness. Milton’s literary ambition was to write an epic and he wanted his epic to be read by people in different countries. It took Milton seven years to finish the great epic Paradise Lost. Among all of John Milton’s great works, paradise Lost was the most complex and most impressive one, which won him everlasting honor. This book told the story of how Satan fought against God and how Adam and Eve were banished from the Eden. Satan was the major character in Paradise Lost. His images were impressive and powerful. The main character of this book was intricate and contradictory. After finishing his famous poem, John Milton wrote Paradise Regained and a play telling the story of Samson.2. The Realistic Significance of Paradise Lost2.1 The Presentation of Every Image of Different ClassesIn this epic, Milton gave detailed description of every image, and as we know, the epic reflected the society Milton lived, so each image had its own presentation.Milton was a puritan, who was very loyal to his beliefs. From this book, we can sense the strong will of freedom from Milton. Obviously, God was on behalf of the authority, and he was another best description of Milton’s personalities. Some peopleagreed with Satan and regarded God as a tyrant and egoist. While other people who condemned Satan, took God as a merciful, just and lenient authority. The author also told us something from Abdiel’s mouth that the compliance with God was not servility, but the only way of getting freedom. These people who defied their superiors and stirred up a new rebellion were not servile and inferior. And as to Adam and Eve, they were tempted by Satan and punished by God, like all the common people, all the civilian class, they didn’t have the power or courage to fight against the authority, so they chose to adapt themselves to it. Because of the prominent background, the story in Paradise Lost and the Bible had a lot in common. That’s a very important reason why Paradise Lost became so popular.2.2 The Theme of the Whole BookIf you have known Milton very well, you may find out that before he wrote this epic his life was not that positive. When he lived in this world, he loved freedom very much and tried his best to get freedom. Freedom as a topic is throughout the whole masterpiece.The book has something to do with Milton’s own life experience. He was a tough guy, who never gave up his own belief and would stick to his will forever. Milton didn’t agree with the old way of teaching, which reflected his disobedience to feudalistic force, just as Satan’s rebellion against God and the conflict from heaven. “We may with more successful hope resolve to wage by force or guide eternal war, irreconcilable to our grand foe, who now triumphs, and in the excess of joy. Sole reigning holds the tyranny of heaven.”(Milton, 1667:1608)Instead of withdrawing from society, Milton still played an active role in political affairs. Although he was not going to take part in politics directly, he continued to work with friends and colleagues closely. Satan’s rebellious and heroic images were presented in Milton’s thoughts. He always sought for freedom, like Satan always took some measures to get rid of God’s control.2.3 The Doomed Ending of SatanMilton was a loyal puritan and he knew that freedom was the only way to gethappiness. And revolution was a good way to get freedom. But at last, Milton realized that the revolution at that time couldn’t get real freedom. So, to some degree, the revolution must be a failure in his opinion. What’s more, from this book we can see that Satan was the typical representative of the revolutionary class, so we can say that failure was the doomed ending of Satan. By studying English history, we knew that the puritan revolution was a failure just like Milton implied in Paradise Lost. Violence is not a good way to solve problems. Milton was a puritan. Although he was not satisfied with the Crown, he didn’t agree to use the violence way to solve the conflict, either.Maybe this point of view was not that right in reader’s eyes, but in fact, we all know that war will never bring happiness.3. The Changes of Satan3.1 Satan in the Bible3.1.1 The Congregation of All the Sins in the BibleThere were two major reasons which made Satan a complete monster in Bible. The first reason was that he seduced good people into doing evil things. The second one was his betrayal of God. If we didn’t know something about Satan and his forces, we would not have a clear understanding of basic spiritual realities of the universe. The reason why Satan became the biggest enemy of God was that he was against the foundation of the earth. His main purpose was to get the worship that only belonged to the originator, God. To most people, Satan’s major work was to be against human beings. He would try his best to destroy the mankind. What’s more, he would do it for good and without specific reasons. Fear and pride were the major motivations in Satan’s kingdom. That’s why Bible directed people to regard Satan as a devil in this universe.3.1.2 Satan’s Wisdom and EmotionSatan’s wisdom as an important aspect was worthy to be mentioned. To temptAdam and Eve to eat apple from the tree of knowledge, which was forbidden by god, Satan disguised himself as a snake. He waited silently for a good time. Once Eve worked by herself and Adam wasn’t around her, Satan would come out and approach her. Satan knew what women prefer to hear, so he normally started the conversation with praise for Eve’s beauty. Then he could get what he wanted and made the emotional Eve lose her last line of protection and couldn’t wait to eat the fruit. What’s more, Satan was also emotional. For example, when he found out Adam and Eve were in love, he was moved by their pure feelings. And he would burst into tears at the sight of the suffering of his followers. After reading this epic, we could also sense that Satan had the dream to share happiness and tears together with his beloved followers.3.2 Satan in Paradise LostJohn Milton was a great poet, thinker and political commentator of Englandin the 17th century. His masterpiece Paradise Lost was a long epic with 12 books, written in blank verse. These stories were taken from the Old Testament, such as the making of the earth, the love stories between Adam and Eve, the fallen angelsin hell plotting against God, Satan’s temptation of Eve, and the leasing of Adam and Eve from Eden. Although Satan and his adherents were driven out of heaven into hell, Satan and his followers were not discouraged. The miserable punishment, instead of rubbing off their will, makes them much angrier. The purpose of this poem was to tell people to justify the manner of God towards people. This outstanding work was the product of Puritanism, which has shown Milton’s own will and beliefs of freedom. Satan in his masterpiece was not the same as the one in the Bible and other books.In Paradise Lost, Satan was an independent image which can be studied and be discussed from a different perspective. I think the unique image of Satan was the reflection of the writer, who loved freedom and at the same time, expressed a kind of contradiction, and also the representation of the society at that time. This kind of idea has appeared in lots of articles written by Chen Weihong and professor XiaoMinghan’s two articles. (1999&2011) They both think that:1. The Satan in Paradise Lost was full of heroism, because of his defiant personality and the pursuit of freedom.2. These characteristics made Satan an eclectic image, and made God a little bit pessimistic.Xiao’s two articles showed that the unique image didn’t come from the Bible, but came from Milton himself. The words and actions Satan did in the hell and the main reason of his betrayal were the distinctive characteristics which helped Milton to describe Satan into a personalized image. The most important point in Satan’s characteristic was his strong will. No matter what kind of situation he was in, he had never changed his nature.Another writer’s composition also expressed this kind of idea, which showed that the image of Satan in Paradise Lost was vivid and impressive. Satan’s betrayal, in other words, was the indomitable will to seek for freedom, and rejection of God’s slavery. And the contradiction was also shown by him. His image was the mixture of optimism and pessimism. We all thought that the most evil person in the Bible was Satan or we can say that Satan was the aggregate of all the sins. In the Bible, Satan’s name meant obstruction and separation. He was the public enemy number one of God and he was a pervert in God’s eyes. Something like this has mentioned in Paradise Lost. According to this epic, we knew that Satan wasn’t born with sins. His sins and his resentment were coming from his free choice.Adam and Eve’s betrayal was the result of the wish for knowledge. After the punishment, they realized how to distinguish right from wrong, and started to beg the forgiveness of God. It was after the baptism of evil that the good would be more valuable. The last part was about Milton’s own idea, which has combined with Satan. Every image he had created was a reflection of different classes in the society of that time. In the paper of Huang Delin (2004), he has pointed out that Satan was Milton’s own presentation, and also, in Chen Jinxi’s article (2008), he said that the epic was thereflection of the People’s spiritual condition. Milton combined his epic with thepuritan revolution. God presented the Cromwell government or the dictatorship of England; Satan presented the force of revolution. It was Milton, who was a loyal puritan and had realized that freedom must be the basis to get the freedom, but the revolution couldn’t get the real freedom. From Milton’s point of view, the revolution must be a failure. That’s why Satan had a kind of contradiction, he loved and sought for freedom, but he couldn’t get what he wanted by the means of violence. These opinions have appeared at the beginning of a translation version which was translated by Jin Fashen.Lots of researches have been conducted on the images of Satan in Paradise Lost. It has left a profound and impressive influence on literature history. The author of this thesis will do a lot of stuff to do an analysis on this famous epic.3.2.1 Satan as an Independent ImageIn this masterpiece, the image of Satan was the most controversial image. The disputation about the image of Satan in Paradise Lost related to the inner nature of Satan was whether he was the hero in the epic or not. During all the literature history, tons of people thought Satan in Paradise Lost was a different image. In the first two volumes of Paradise Lost, some of Satan’s words showed he was a hero from time to time. John Milton’s Paradise Lost had a vivid description of a defiant Satan. He was banished from heaven and driven into the hell. Later, the image of Satan in Paradise Lost had been popular among people. The reason Satan could be an independent image in the epic, mostly due to his courage to show his indomitable will. After reading this masterpiece, we felt that Satan was like a hero in the earlier part of the epic. We could sense that through majesty in Satan’s appearance and fearless in his personality. However, with the story developed Satan’s image changed greatly. The most impressive nature of Satan was his contradiction. This element made the image of Satan glitter from the whole book, and became an actual part which is worth being studied.3.2.2 Satan’s ContradictionThere was a very interesting point in the whole personality of Satan, which washis contradiction, combined with wickedness and the strong will of freedom. Although Satan showed the positive character of his image, he still had some intrinsically evil genes. A leopard cannot change his spots. In this epic, although Milton was in favor of some traits of Satan, he had never tried to change Satan from a monster into a real hero: a monster is a monster.To readers, after reading the first several books of Paradise Lost, they could sense that the writer tried to describe Satan into a sympathy and friendly character. On the content of this epic, besides the analysis of God’s and Satan’s personalities, there were also two points from the content of this book, which may reflect the aspects of disagreement in reader’s opinion. In the first two books of Paradise Lost, although Satan has made a good impression of hero on readers, he was still a monster as the initial story had told us. Adam and Eve made a mistake under the seduction Satan, and they suffered a lot from their mistake. The reason made Satan become such a kind of evil angle was his indomitable courage of chasing freedom.3.2.3 The Eloquent SatanIn Paradise Lost, Satan was written as a hero who insisted on his own belief and he had the courage to seek for his beloved freedom. These pro-Satanists admired Satan’s high superior nature and regarded him as the actual hero of this masterpiece.At the beginning of Paradise Lost, Satan made a wonderful speech which attracted many readers for a very long time. “That glory never shall his wrath or might. Extort from me. To bow and sue for grace with supplicant knee, and deify his power who, from the terror of his arm. Doubled his empire: that were low indeed. That was an ignominy and shame beneath. This downfall, since, by fate, the strength of God. And this substance cannot fail.”(Milton, 1667:1608)These words were powerful and clear which made Satan’s ambition became so apparent, and also reflected his fighting spirit and independent personality.Puritanism and the English Revolution were the distinguishing features of the seventeenth century. Milton realized it and he cleverly put political ideas to his pieces of art and also the images he created. Milton’s own life experiences and his pursuit of freedom caused him to endow Satan more or less with revolutionary spirit. Milton’s passion and feelings for revolution were reflected in the description of Satan and his rebellion.4. The Reasons of Satan’s Heroic ImageThe reason why people thought Satan in Paradise Lost as sort of a hero was due to his fearless. What’s more, he dared to fight against God. He always stuck to his own will, just like Milton himself. John Milton was born in a puritan family. What’s more, his childhood and the society that time gave him energy and resistance in his character, which was also easy to find from the words of Satan: “Princes, potentates, the flower of heaven, once yours, now lost. If such astonishment as this can seize eternal spirits! Awake, arise, or be forever fallen.”Though failed, Satan never gave up his unconquerable will. Here, Satan was more than just a leader in military accepting the rebel angles from angelic state, but also a smart politician using the powerful language of resistance as his weapon to fight against God.4.1 The Heroic Image of SatanPeople normally thought Satan in Paradise Lost has given a heroic impression to them. But it was a little bit of misunderstanding because of the words that Satan said in the following epic. “In The Odyssey, Homer lets Odysseus give a speech that would convince anyone they could survive the journey to the strait of Messina. Then we die with our eyes open, if we are going to die, or know what death we baffle if we can.” (Paradise Lost: 1243-1245)“Odysseus again lifts their spirits with this speech, Garcia 2 friends, have we ever been in danger before this? More fearsome, is it now, than when the Cyclops penned us in his cave? What power he had! Did I not keep my nerve, and use my witsto find a way out for us? We must now obey orders as I give them.”( Milton, 1667:1294-1302 ) Here Odysseus expressed the real capability of a hero to lead in the face of adversity.Satan as any other leaders would do, quickly reduced his partners’fear with much more powerful speeches. During the speeches, Satan talked his doubts about God’s supremacy and daringly stated they were better off where they were. “Here at least we shall be free. Here we may reign secure. Better to reign in Hell, than serve in Heaven.’’ (Milton, 1667: 258-263)These were the most powerful nature points of Satan in the whole masterpiece. What’s more he always insisted on his personalities, such as tough bosom, independent spirit, intelligence, and the power of his own. These four points all took effectiveness on Satan, which made Satan look like a hero.4.2 The More Humanized SatanIn Bible, and from most people’s points of view, Satan was the aggregate of all the sins, but in Paradise lost, Satan became a vivid image. What he said or did touched the readers profoundly. Milton wrote Paradise Lost to show people the source of misfortune. He thought the reason why Adam and Eve made a huge mistake and lost their beautiful home was that they were not strong enough to withstand the temptation of strangers. At the end of the story, we could know that, since Adam and Eve were lured into breaking the rules of Eden by Satan and they were all published by God and were driven out of Eden, Satan began to think about what he had done to the people, and he felt so sorry about what he had done. He blamed himself for a very long time. This kind of description made Satan look not that bad, but more humanized than the Bible said.From what we have read or learned in Paradise Lost, Satan may be a devil. But he had ambitious and dreams, even sometimes he was a hero. He was a person with strong will and he delivered some powerful speeches to his followers from time to time. Undoubtedly, the image of Satan in Paradise Lost was more vivid than ever before. To sum up, the image of Satan was of dual personality. By learning from thismasterpiece, Satan’s evil behaviors and heroism were crossed. On the one hand, he tried his best to fight bravely for freedom and liberty with his wisdom and passion. On the other hand, he had a wrong opinion of freedom and power even though he expressed his ambition and satisfaction.5. ConclusionThe words in Milton’s Paradise Lost reflected the Bible not only as a source of literature in western countries, but also influenced Milton greatly. we can learn something through the words of Milton. As a matter of fact, the Bible was often used to back up points of view on controversial things by poets. Since the Bible was studied by most of the people. And they used it as an authoritative source. Milton quoted a lot of things from the Bible and put them into his pamphlets.Through the history, John Milton’s Paradise Lost, particularly his description of the image of Satan has been studied by lots of people and understood in many different ways. Until now, it has been developed into all kinds of new interpretations. On the one hand, some people say that Satan was the true hero of the epic and Milton was on the monster’s side secretly. On the other hand, there are those who said Satan was a monster and Milton showed deep sympathy for God and the angels. There are also some people who interweave the two interpretations.But from the analysis of the above chapters, the changes of Satan’s character were obvious to see. And these changes make us get a much more different and much clearer picture of Milton’s own attitudes toward Satan. Milton spent all his life putting his political purpose into action.From my point of view, although Satan was a heroic image, he was not a hero. The spirit he expressed through the everlasting fighting against God made him a real fighter. And the love for freedom was the main theme which I have learned from this book. It is more than just a passage or a kind of study, but in the end, a sympathetic chord appeared during the reading. To sum up, the image of Satan in Paradise Lost was vivid, ambivalent and complex, overshadowing all the other characters.Bibliography[1] Grant, N. History of literature. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Press, 2004.[2] John, Milton. Paradise Lost. England: Penguin Classics Press, 1667.[3]陈敬玺.论失乐园对西方史诗传统的继承与发展[J].世界文学评论，2008,21(5):58-60.[4]陈薇红.失乐园中撒旦性格的探析[J].北京科技大学学报,1997,5(4):18-23.[5]黄德林.失乐园中撒旦形象的重新审视[J].上海大学外国语学院学报，2004,6(9):33-35.[6]李颖.雄辩与双重撒旦[M].云南:云南师范大学出版社,2006:31-34.[7]刘雯.失乐园中的撒旦形象对圣经原型的变异[J].文学评析，2008,3(12):22-23.[8]陶丹玉.失乐园中的撒旦形象浅析[J].高等函授学报,1997,6(2):52-55.[9]王朝杰.浅析失乐园中撒旦的英雄气概[J].外国文学研究,1999,11(9):13-15.[10] 肖明翰.失乐园中的自由意志与人的堕落与再生[J].外国文学评论1999,5(1):13-15.[11] 朱维之.失乐园译本[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1984:57-59.AcknowledgementsI would like to express my gratitude to all those who helped me during the writing of this thesis. I gratefully acknowledge the help of my supervisor, XXX, who has offered me valuable suggestions in the academic studies. In the preparation of the thesis, she has spent much time reading through each draft and provided me with inspiring advice. Without her patient instruction, insightful criticism and expert guidance, the completion of this thesis would not have been possible.I also owe a special debt of gratitude to all the teachers in Foreign Languages Institute, from whose devoted teaching and enlightening lectures I have benefited a lot and academically prepared for the thesis.I would finally like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents who have always been helping me out of difficulties and supporting me without a word of complaint.。
1ParadiseLost-JohnMilton-失乐园
《失乐园》节选Nine times the space that measures day and night依照人间的计算，大约九天九夜，To mortal(凡人的) men, he with his horrid(可怕的,恐怖的)crew 他和他那一伙可怕的徒众Lay vanquished(征服,击败), rolling in the fiery(火的) gulf (深渊,深坑)沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中Confounded(狼狈的) though immortal: But his doom(厄运,毁灭) 虽属不死之身，却象死者一样横陈；Reserved him to more wrath(愤怒,狂怒); for now the thought但这个刑罚反激起他更大的忿怒，Both of lost happiness and lasting pain既失去了幸福，又受无尽痛苦的煎熬。
Torments(折磨) him; round he throws his baleful(哀伤的) eyes他抬起忧虑的双眼，环视周遭，That witnessed huge affliction(苦恼, 折磨) and dismay摆在眼前的是莫大的隐忧和烦恼，Mixed with obdurate(顽固的) pride and steadfast(不变的) hate: 顽固的傲气和难消的憎恨交织着。
At once as far as angels ken(看到) he views霎时间，他竭尽天使的目力，望断The dismal(凄凉的) situation waste and wild,际涯，但见被风弥漫，浩渺无限，A dungeon(地牢) horrible, on all sides round四面八方围着他的是个可怕的地牢，As one great furnace(火炉,熔炉) flamed, yet from those flames象一个洪炉的烈火四射，但那火焰No light, but rather darkness visible却不发光，只是灰蒙蒙的一片，Served only to discover sights of woe(悲哀;悲痛)可以辨认出那儿的苦难景况，Regions of sorrow, doleful(令人伤心的)shades, where peace悲惨的境地和凄怆的暗影。
Paradise_Lost_失乐园（中英对照版）
ParadiseParadiseParadiseParadiseLostLostLostLost失乐园JohnJohnJohnJohnMiltonMiltonMiltonMilton约翰约翰约翰约翰····弥尔顿弥尔顿弥尔顿弥尔顿目录V1V1V1V1第一卷撒旦在地狱召集军队号召复仇点兵第二卷大会作出决议由撒旦亲赴人类乐园侦察人类的乐园第三卷神子声称愿为人类赎罪撒旦向乐园飞进第四卷撒旦进入乐园被捕第五卷敌人撒旦的来路第六卷在天界三天大战第七卷创造天地万物第八卷创造人类始祖第九卷夏娃受引诱食禁果第十卷违抗禁令震惊天界建筑大桥横贯混沌界第十一卷预示人类未来第十二卷继续预示未来亚薄⑾耐薇恢鸪隼衷癟HETHETHETHEARGUMENTARGUMENTARGUMENTARGUMENT提纲ThisfirstBookproposesfirstinbriefthewholeSubjectMansdisobedienceandthelossthereupon ofParadisewhereinhewasplact:ThentouchestheprimecauseofhisfalltheSerpentorratherSata nintheSerpentwhorevoltingfromGodanddrawingtohissidemanyLegionsofAngelswasbythe commandofGoddrivenoutofHeavenwithallhisCrewintothegreatDeep.Whichactionpastover thePoemhastsintothemidstofthingspresentingSatanwithhisAngelsnowfallenintoHelldescri bdherenotintheCenterforHeavenandEarthmaybesupposdasyetnotmadecertainlynotyetaccu rstbutinaplaceofutterdarknessfitliestcalldChaos:HereSatanwithhisAngelslyingontheburnin gLakethunder-struckandastonishtafteracertainspacerecoversasfromconfusioncallsuphimw honextinOrderandDignitylaybyhimtheyconferofthirmiserablefall.SatanawakensallhisLegi onswholaytilltheninthesamemannerconfoundedTheyrisethirNumbersarrayofBattelthirchie fLeadersnamdaccordingtotheIdolsknownafterwardsinCanaanandtheCountriesadjoyning.T otheseSatandirectshisSpeechcomfortsthemwithhopeyetofregainingHeavenbuttellsthemlast lyofanewWorldandnewkindofCreaturetobecreatedaccordingtoanancientProphesieorreport inHeavenforthatAngelswerelongbeforethisvisibleCreationwastheopinionofmanyancientFa thers.TofindoutthetruthofthisProphesieandwhattodeterminthereonhereferstoafullCouncel. WhathisAssociatesthenceattempt.PandemoniumthePalaceofSatanrisessuddenlybuiltoutoft heDeep:TheinfernalPeerstheresitinCouncel.V1在第一卷我先扼要点明本书的主题人失去曾经拥有的乐园是由于违背了天神命令。
Paradise Lost of John Milton失乐园
Torments him; round he throws his baleful eyes
他抬起忧虑的双眼，环视周遭，
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(9)obdurate [‘ɒbdjʊrət] ：stubbornly persistent in wrongdoing 顽固的；执拗的
(9)steadfast [‘stedfɑːst; -fəst]：marked by firm determination or resolution; not shakable 坚定的； 不变的 Mixed with obdurate pride and steadfast hate: 顽固的傲气和难消的憎恨交织着。 (10) At once as far as angels ken he views 霎时间，他竭尽天使的目力，望断
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（3）vanquish [‘væŋkwɪʃ] ：come out better in a competition, race, or conflict 征服；击败；克制
Lay vanquished, rolling in the fiery gulf
沉沦辗转在烈火的深渊中
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Paradise Lost
John Milton
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选篇出自《得乐土》第一部，被挨败的叛顺天使向撒旦乞 助，撒旦暗示本身与上帝不共戴天、要从上帝脚中攫取天 堂的决意。在这一部分里，诗人以雄伟活泼的语言，从头 刻绘了基督教《圣经》中的撒旦形象，二心气自豪，不怕 权势巨子，不惧得败，永不伏输，一曲皆具有奋发的斗争 意志，同时还具有很年夜的推翻性，这使他的叛顺精神具 有了较着的史诗性和英雄主义特点，也具有古典英雄史诗 中超人般主人公的风致。《得乐土》中的洒旦形象，一曲 被觉得是世界文教中刻绘最成功的人物形象之一。另中， 选段中描画天堂时所用的语言和意象，将这一惨烈之天栩 栩如生天托在读者少远，同时也在相当程度上增进了诗篇 道道的恢弘气质。
John Milton约翰.弥尔顿的《失乐园》
• In 1656,he remarried,but she died in childbirth a year later,ending"the happiest time"in Milton's life.
• In 1663,Milton got a third wife,since his rebellious daughter would not care for him.He was fully blind.
John Milton
• John Milton was born in 1608 in London. His parents had sione of the three who survived.
• In 1625, Milton was admitted to Christ‘s College, Cambridg.
Milton’s Quotes
• 2.Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven.
• 上天堂尽职，不如下地狱独裁。
Milton’s Quotes
• 3.The childhood shows the man, as morning shows the day.
• No matter what happened,he never yield to God.
• The poet condemned God through Satan's words. On the surface, God had given human free will.In fact,he had suppressed the true freedom.Obviously, the poet's criticism and condemnation of God were out from the social reality of United Kingdom.
《失乐园》
《失乐园》是一部气势喧昂的史诗式作品。
其作者是约翰·弥尔顿（John Milton1608-1674），十七世纪英国杰出的诗人和思想家，是继莎士比亚后最伟大的诗人，生活在风云动荡的十七世纪。
要充分理解这首诗，首先要对弥尔顿生活的风云年代和社会有所了解。
其双亲有相当的文化素养，同时又有强烈的清教主义倾向，家境比较富裕。
从小就受家庭中浓烈的文化气息和宗教意识的熏陶。
他的一生和创作大约可分为三个时期：他12岁始从学于博览群书的名师，十七岁时进入剑桥大学，并开始用拉丁语和英文写诗；1638-1639年间，他前往欧洲旅行，这一时期主要作品是一些短诗，比较优秀的有《利西达斯》（Lycidas,1637）等。
1639年，英国资产阶级革命即将爆发，他返回英国。
随后的二十多年中，他积极投身英国革命，发表了大量的散文和政论文，为英国革命辩护。
革命成功后被委任为共和国的拉丁秘书，负责处理大量外交信函。
因劳累过度，目力受损，1652年，他双目逐渐失明，仍坚持不辍。
在此期间，发表大量的革命文章。
其中比较著名的有《为英国人民申辩》（Defense of the English People,1650）等。
1660年王朝复辟后，弥尔顿被捕入狱，但在亲友的积极营救之下，很快被释放。
从此开始了他第三时期的创作，先后完成了最著名的以圣经故事为题材的三部长篇诗作《失乐园》（Paradise Lost,1667）、《复乐园》（Paradise Regained,1671）和《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes,1671）。
弥尔顿的作品同时体现了欧洲两种最重要的文学传统：以荷马史诗为代表的古希腊罗马文学和文艺复兴文学。
他的最后一部作品《力士参孙》描写了主人公在失明后思想、精神上的升华，在一定程度上是弥尔顿自己的一生忠实写照。
王朝复辟后（1660年），这时弥尔顿双目失明，变得衰老、落魄。
这时，他开始了一部伟大著作的创作，希望它能表现出他心中一直渴望实现的雄心壮志。
Paradise Lost(失乐园中撒旦形象的分析)
After reading theexcerptpart of paradise lost and many introduction of it`sauthordo get to know him and his works more and better than used to.ItreatedMiltonnot only as a master of poets but also arespected solider.Thespirits ofsacrificing for his beliefs inspiring me much.
Satan isthe first major character introduced in the test. Formerly the most beautiful of all angels in Heaven, he's a tragic figure best described by the now-famous quote "Better to reign in Hell, than to serve in Heaven". He is introduced to Hell after he leads a failed rebellion to wrestle control of Heaven from God. Satan's desire to rebel against his creator stems from his unwillingness to be subjugated by God and his Son, falsely claiming that angels are "self-begot, self-raised", therebydenying God's authority over them as their creator.Satan is comparable in many ways to the tragic heroes of classic Greek literature but, Satan's hubris far surpasses those of previous tragedies. Though at times he plays the narrative role of an anti-hero, he is still commonly understood to be the antagonist of the epic. However, the true nature of his role in the poem has been the subject of much notoriety and scholarly debate.
Paradise-Lost
Eve awakes and tells Adam about a dream she had, in which an angel tempted her to eat from the forbidden tree. Worried about his creation, God sends Raphael down to Earth to teach Adam and Eve of the dangers they face with Satan. Raphael arrives on Earth and eats a meal with Adam and Eve. Raphael relates the story of Satan’s envy over the Son’s appointment as God’s second-incommand. Satan gathered other angels together who were also angry to hear this news, and together they plotted a war against God.
Eight days after his banishment, Satan returns to Paradise. After closely studying the animals of Paradise, he chooses to take the form of the serpent. Meanwhile, Eve suggests to Adam that they work separately for awhile, so they can get more work done. Adam is hesitant but then assents.
约翰 米尔顿
约翰米尔顿(John Milton) 1608-1674Major works:(1) Paradise Lost.失乐园(2) Paradise Regained. 复乐园(3) Samson Agonistes.力士参孙约翰.弥尔顿,伟大的诗人,革命文豪。
很多文学批评家都认为，英国诗人中除了莎士比亚之外，当首推弥尔顿。
他生于伦敦，在剑桥大学的克莱斯特学院获得学士和硕士学位后，便开始专心于诗歌创作。
1632年至1638年五年间，弥尔顿辞去了政府部门的工作，住到他父亲郊外的别墅中，整日整夜的阅读，他几乎看全了当时所有英语、希腊语、拉丁语和意大利语作品。
在这段时期弥尔顿写作了《酒神之假面舞会》等一些作品。
1632年至1637年期间，弥尔顿几乎读遍了当时所有英语，希腊语，拉丁语和意大利语的作品。
1638年，弥尔顿去欧洲旅行，他在意大利停留了大部分时间。
由于英国动荡的宗教局面弥尔顿提前回国，他所写的一些小册子被歪曲，他本人也被烙上了激进分子的烙印。
1642年，弥尔顿与玛利·普威尔结婚，新娘只有十七岁。
六个星期后，无法处理好新婚生活的玛利回到了她父母家，弥尔顿写信要求离婚。
但最终他们和解了，玛利为弥尔顿生下了四个孩子，其中的一个孩子生下没多久就夭折了。
1651年，弥尔顿原本就衰弱的视力变得更坏，他彻底失明了。
玛利死后，弥尔顿再婚，几个月后，这位新妻子因为难产而死。
弥尔顿的第三任妻子是伊丽莎白·明萨尔，这段婚姻维持的较长也较幸福。
1639年，由于英国动荡的宗教和政治形势，弥尔顿于翌年回国，准备投身于即将爆发的英国革命。
弥尔顿随后写出一系列政论文，支持清教徒的革命。
1649年他担任克伦威尔派的弥尔顿曾在其国务会议中任拉丁文秘书。
他先后写了《为英国人声辩》，《再为英国人声辩》两篇檄文，为”弑君“正名，成功地反击了欧洲的保皇派，自己也因此声望大增。
由于过度疲劳，弥尔顿于1652年双目失明，他随即辞去了公职，但从未停止为革命呐喊，在复辟前两个月还发表了《建立共和国的捷径》一文。
失乐园-弥尔顿.PARADISE LOST-JOHN MILTON中英对照翻译
15: Above th' AONIAN Mount, while it pursues 翻越阿诺安山，追逐着
32: For one restraint, Lords of the World besides? 世界的主宰们竟然失去耐性
33: Who first seduc'd them to that fowl revolt? 引他们发动家禽般的反抗
22: And mad'st it pregnant: What in me is dark 看穿我内心的黑暗
23: Illumine, what is low raise and support; 照亮那卑微，唤起并支持着我
2: Of that Forbidden Tree, whose mortal tast 它那必死的味道
3: Brought Death into the World, and all our woe, 将死亡带到世上，连同我们所有的悲哀
38: Of Rebel Angels, by whose aid aspiring 叛逆天使，因他们的热情
39: To set himself in Glory above his Peers, 赋予他高于同类的光荣
42: Against the Throne and Monarchy of God 反抗神的王座和权力
43: Rais'd impious War in Heav'n and Battel proud 徒然在天堂骄傲的发起不敬的战争
44: With vain attempt. Him the Almighty Power 全能的力量
英美文学讲解弥尔顿-Paradise Lost失乐园
followers
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are banished from heaven and driven into hell, but even here in hell, mist flames and poisonous fumes, Satan and his adherents are not discouraged. The writer’ epic shows the writer’s misery after the Restoration, and his determination for revolution. The style of the epic is lifegrand, which is the result of his lifelong classical and biblical study.版权所有 翻版必究Ab Nhomakorabeatract:
• “Paradise Lost” is Minton’s ” ’ masterpiece .It is a long epic in 12 books, written in blank verse. The story were taken from the Old Testament: the creation of the earth and Adam and Eve, the fallen angels in hell plotting against God, Satan’s ’ temptation of Eve, and the departure of Adam and Eve from Eden .Satan and his
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Conclusion
• "Lose paradise " be such one chansons de geste, the author does not participate in fault present age fighting with firsthand , he is expert in but force trying one's best to have white out war within the epic range in fulllength novel , appearance , he return the intrepid spirit back to braveness having sung the praises of his coeval person at the same time not only being to describe heroes' magnificent battle its dreadful author.
米尔顿最伟大的三部诗作
米尔顿（John Milton）是一位英国文学家，他给文学作品带来了终极的变革，他的三
部伟大的诗作也使他成为英语史上最重要的文学家之一。
他的三部诗作“撒旦落羽”（Paradise Lost）、”撒旦落羽的续集”（Paradise Regained）和“撒旦落羽的报复”（Samson Agonistes），被誉为英语史上最伟大的诗歌作品。
《撒旦落羽》（Paradise Lost）是米尔顿的首部伟大的诗作，它的主题是关于亚当和
夏娃从上帝之园掉入地狱的故事。
该诗以上帝创造世界，撒旦叛逆上帝和两人被外逐出伊
甸园为前提，描述了撒旦如何收买亚当和夏娃，展现了他们的人性，以及上帝如何宽恕他们，并赐予他们新的希望。
《撒旦落羽的续集》（Paradise Regained）是米尔顿的第二部伟大的诗作，它的主题
是关于耶稣在撒旦的诱惑下，赢得胜利的故事。
在这部诗作中，耶稣被描述为一位有智慧，有勇气，有信心的英雄，他最终战胜了撒旦，从而拯救了人类。
《撒旦落羽的报复》（Samson Agonistes）是米尔顿最后一部伟大的诗作，它的主题
是关于圣经中撒母耳记中撒门的故事，他最终以报复撒旦为代价成为英雄。
这部诗作描述
了撒门被贬黜，失去力量，被仇敌抓走，最终拿自己的生命作为代价，战胜了撒旦的场景，展现了他的勇气和忠诚。
米尔顿的三部伟大的诗作不仅被誉为最伟大的英语诗作，而且也被认为是整个西方文
学的里程碑。
他的作品被翻译成其他语言，并被不同文化的人们所欣赏，他的影响力深远。
米尔顿伟大的三部诗作为人类文明作出了重大贡献，令人敬佩。
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Beelzebub
Satan’s best friend (“Lord of the Flies,” Prince of Demons) He is talking to Satan about a return to Heaven for more fighting Disappears after Book I
Adam, The first man, living in Paradise Eve, His wife, supposed to be under his control Raphael, an angel sent by God to warn Adam about Satan's infiltration of Eden and his trying to curse Adam and Eve Michael , escort Adam and Eve out of
– Galileo; Cardinal Barberini (Pope’s nephew); Giovanni Batista; Giovanni Diodati
Completely blind by 1652 Became a Puritan and was an anti-royalist During the Restoration, Milton under attack for his beliefs, and had to suppress political writings Died 1674, just shy of his 65th birthday
Verse Style
Blank verse: verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter John Milton did not think that his poem had to rhyme, since Classical poetry (e.g. The Iliad) did not. You will notice when reading that perfect I.P. does not always occur in Paradise Lost
John Milton and “Paradise Lost”
Presented by 罗雯 张红艳 李欣然
John Milton
Mini bio of John Milton
Born Dec. 9, 1609 Master’s Degree from Cambridge: 1632 An official serving under Oliver Cromwell European tour, met some of Europe’s greatest minds: 1638
Paradise Lost
Basic Information
An epic in blank verse First edition 1667 in ten books Second edition 1674 in twelve books Basics: the story of Genesis - the Fall of Man: the temptation of Adam and Eve by the fallen angel Satan and their expulsion from the Garden of Eden
God The Father
Called the Father because of Holy Trinity: The Father, the Son, the Holy Spirit Ruler of Heaven and Creator of Earth It was he who cast Satan out
Shows the struggle between good and evil (goodness is not goodness without a struggle to overcome evil) Virtue is not virtue unless it is won in the “dust and heat” of the conflict with evil. Though Adam and Eve “lose,” they gain the right to prove themselves.
The Characters
Six major characters Satan, the leader of the fallen angels (now known as devils) claiming self-creation. Beelzebub, Beelzebub Satan's closest friend/ally God, God the Father ,creator of the Eden, heaven, hell and each of the main character. The Son, God the Son; also known as the Messiah, Christ singlehandedly defeating Satan and his followers
Analysis
Wanted to surpass previous epics Attempts to address the reason for sin and suffering in the world: God is not responsible; Adam and Eve “brought death into the world, and all our woe.” Asserts that God gave us free will, and we are responsible for our choosing of evil
Foundational stories:
– the Bible (various versions and translations, including King James Version, as well as commentaries by St. Augustine, John Calvin, and other theologians) – Ovid’s Metamorphoses – Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey – Virgil’s Aeneid
Paradise, visions of the future
Satan
"Better to reign in Hell then serve in Heav'n!"
The leader of the angels who were cast from Heaven for eternity His big entrance to the poem are lines 84191. He is the focus of the section we’ll read.
“ When I beheld the Poet blind, yet bold, in slender Book his vast Design unfold Messiah Crown'd, Gods Reconcil'd Decree, Rebelling Angels, the Forbidden Tree, Heav'n, Hell, Earth, Chaos, All; the Argument;” -Notice how there are 10 syllables in each line -To read correctly, emphasize every second syllable
Epic Poetry As a Classic Literary Form
Homer recorded first major epic poems: The Iliad and The Odyssey Virgil tells story of Rome’s founding in The Aeneid Dante describes Heaven, Hell, and Purgatory in great detail in The Divine Comedy John Milton gives account of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost