供应链管理课后习题答案
供应链管理实务第四版课后答案
供应链管理实务第四版课后答案以下为供应链管理实务第四版课后答案一、項空题1.题目：供应链管理的实质内容包括以（顾客）为中心，以（市场需求）为原动力；强调企业应专注于（核心业务），建立核心竞争力，在供应链上明确定位，将非核心业务外包；各企业紧密合作，其担风险，共享利益：2.题目：供应链管理的目标是建立一个高效率、高效益的供应链：为（最终用户）创造价值；通过贸易伙伴间的密切合作，以最小的（总成本）和费用提供最大的价值和最好的服务。
3. 题目：实施供应链管理不仅意味着企业在战略方面努力构筑企业间（战珞同盟），而且意味着企业在经营方面努力实施供应链企业一体化的（物流管理）。
4. 题目：供应链的概念注重（外部环境）以及与其他企业的联系，偏重于一个价值链中不同企业的制造、组装、分销、零售等过程将原材料转换成产品到最终用户的转换过程。
5.顾目：一体化的供应链管理组织具有高度的反应力，能迅速支持一个伙伴公司的快速发展。
所有供应链伙伴分享（业务计划）、（预测信息）、MS数据、库存信息、进货情况以及有关协调货流的信息。
二、选择题1.供应链是围绕通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成的一个整体的增值网链结构。
答案A 核心企业答案B 供应商答案C 制造商答案D 分销商正确答案：A（直接填一个答案）2. 供应链实质上是由企业间的链接成的市场链、产业链，这种供需关系就是功能关系链、流程关系链，也是一条体现竞争实力的价值增值链。
网链中的商流、物流、信息流和资金流反映了供应链不同经营主体间合作、竞争和利益关系，从整个供应链的构成、运行与控制过程分析，供应链运作机制必须体现客户价值链增值过程。
答案A 客户关系答案B 供需关系答案C 利益关系答案D 竞争关系正确答案：B （直接填一个答案）3.题目：按供应链的涉及来分类有单元供应链、产业供应链和全球供应链。
（完整版）供应链管理_第三版_Unit1_习题与答案
（完整版）供应链管理_第三版_Unit1_习题与答案Chapter 1Understanding the Supply ChainTrue/False1. A supply chain includes only the organizations directly involved in supplyingcomponents needed for manufacturing.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate2. A supply chain could be more accurately described as a supply network orsupply web.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. The objective of every supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy4. Every supply chain must include all 5 stages.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy5. The cycle view of a supply chain holds that the processes in a supply chain aredivided into a series of activities performed at the interface between successivestages.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate6. The push/pull view of a supply chain holds that theprocesses in a supply chainare divided into 2 categories depending on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy7. The objective of customer order entry is to maintain a record of product receiptand complete payment.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard8. The replenishment cycle occurs at the retailer/distributor interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard9. The manufacturing cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate10. The procurement cycle occurs at the manufacturer/supplier interface.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy11. The cycle view of the supply chain is useful when considering operationaldecisions, because it specifies the roles and responsibilities of each member of the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The push/pull view of the supply chain is useful when considering strategicdecisions relating to supply chain design, because it categorizes processesbased on whether they are initiated in response to or in anticipation of customer orders.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate13. Pull processes may also be referred to as reactive processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. Pull processes may also be referred to as speculative processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy15. All supply chain activities within a firm belong to one of three macro processes –CRM, ISCM and SRM.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. There is a close connection between the design and management of supplychain flows and the success of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: EasyEssay/Problems1. Explain the 3 decision phases (categories) that must be made in a successfulsupply chain.Answer: The 3 decision phases that occur within a supply chain are supply chain strategy (or design), supply chain planningand supply chain operation. Decisions relate to the flow of information, product and funds. The difference between categories depends upon the frequency of each decision and the time frame over which it has an impact. During the supply chain strategy phase, a companydetermines what the chain’s configurations will be, how resources will beallocated, and what processes each stage will perform. This will establish thestructure of the supply chain for several years. Supply chain planning deals withdecisions with a time frame from 3 months up to a year. The planning phasemust work within the constraints established in the strategy phase. Planningdecisions include which markets to supply from which locations, subcontractingof manufacturing, inventory policies and timing and size of marketing promotions.The supply chain operation phase operates on a weekly or daily time horizon and deals with decisions concerning individual customer orders.Difficulty: Hard答：决策的3阶段发生在一个供应链的供应链战略（或设计），供应链与供应链运作。
供应链管理习题答案
供应链管理习题一、单项选择题每题2分,15题,共30分1、传统管理模式下生产方式的主要特征不含C ;A、少品种B、大批量生产C、柔性D、专用流水线2、A主要体现供应链的物理功能,即以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件、半成品、产品,以及在供应链中的运输等;A、有效性供应链B、反应性供应链C、稳定供应链D、动态供应链3、许多企业已经普遍将信息系统业务,在规定的服务水平基础上外包给应用服务提供商ASP,由其管理并提供用户所需要的信息服务;这是属于D业务外包的方式;A、研发外包B、生产外包C、脑力资源外包D、应用服务外包4、A是指在竞争、合作、动态的市场环境中,由若干个供方、需方等实体自主、半自主构成的快速响应环境变化的动态供需网络;A、敏捷供应链B、稳定供应链C、反应性供应链D、平衡供应链5、提供功能性产品的公司的一个极重要的目标是BA、提高边际利润B、降低总成本C、加快市场反应D、降低总库存6、信息技术高度发展以及在供应链节点企业间的高度集成,供应链节点企业间的合作关系最终集成为D ;A、传统关系物流关系C、合作伙伴关系D、网络资源关系7、传统的生产计划决策模式是一种集中式决策,而供应链管理环境下生产计划的决策模式是B决策过程.A、分布式B、分布式群体C、集中群体D、分权式8、B是指需求变化独立于人们的主观控制能力之外,因而其数量与出现的概率是随机的、不确定的、模糊的;A、单一需求B、独立需求C、多需求D、相关需求9、下列C不是供应链管理环境下采购的特点;A、为订单而采购B、从采购管理向外部资源管理转变C、为库存而采购D、从一般买卖关系向战略协作伙伴关系转变10、在需求变异加速放大的原因中, A是需求放大的主要原因;A、需求预测修正B、订货批量决策C、价格波动D、短缺博弈11、供应链中的信息流控制模式中,各部门对信息的流向及内容有决定权,能灵活掌握信息需求及信息传播的时间、地点和方式,但企业不能从整体上把握信息的流向及内容,缺乏宏观调控能力并导致信息流的混乱及无序,管理效率下降,严重的情况将会是导致管理失控；这种模式是B ;A、集中控制模式B、分散控制模式C、综合式D、B/S模式12、在企业目前工作流程存在的问题中,是由于分工过细造成的问题是C ;A、无人负责整个经营过程,缺乏全心全意为顾客服务的意识B、组织机构臃肿,助长官僚作风C、员工技能单一,适应性差D、资源闲置和重复劳动,症结是内部信息纵向和横向沟通不够13、关于BPR与TQM不同的地方说法不正确的是D ;A、TQM并未触及企业原有的组织机构和工作方式,从本质上说是一种追加式改进；B、BPR是打破旧有的业务流程,再造新的流程的彻底变革;C、实施方式上,BPR是自上而下,TQM则是自下而上的实施过程;D、BPR与TQM在本质上是一样的;14、在物流管理组织结构的演变中,试图在一个高层经理的领导下,统一所有的物流功能和运作,目的是对所有原材料和制成品的运输和存储进行战略管理,以使企业产生最大利益;这种组织基本上是属于D ;A、传统物流管理组织结构B、简单功能集合的物流组织形式C、物流功能独立的组织形式D、一体化物流组织形式15、在ECR系统的构建中的在零售环节, A是管理的重点;A、营销技术 B、物流技术C、信息技术D、组织革新技术我二、多项选择题每题2分,10题,共20分1、下列ABCDE体现了供应链管理的管理思想A、强调核心竞争力 B、资源外用OutsourcingC、合作性竞争D、延迟制造Postponement原则；E、以顾客满意度为目标的服务化管理；2、供应链设计的主要内容有ABC A、供应链成员及合作伙伴选择 B、网络结构设计C、供应链运行基本规则D、协调机制E、生产物流的计划与控制体系的建立3、核心竞争力的主要特点是ABCD ;A、价值优越性B、难替代性C、差异性D、可延伸性E、可复制性4、根据计划来管理企业的生产经营活动,叫做计划管理,计划管理是一个过程,通常包括ABCE阶段;A、编制计划B、执行计划C、检查计划完成情况D、组织E、制定改进措施5、供应链管理环境下的生产计划与传统生产计划有显着的不同;在制定生产计划的过程中,主要面临以下ABC方面的问题;A、柔性约束 B、生产进度C、生产能力D、组织设计E、物流管理6、需求变异加速放大的原因ABDE ;A、需求预测修正B、订货批量决策C、多级库存D、短缺博弈E、价格波动7、VMI的基本思想有BCDE ;A、联合进行管理库存B、使双方成本最小互惠原则C、框架协议目标一致性原则D、连续改进原则E、合作精神合作性原则8、第三方物流公司的未来前景可以向以下ACDE方面努力;A、老主顾外包其他业务B、实施联合运输方式C、开发物流信息管理系统D、处理供应链末端任务E、整合供应链作业9、下列ABCD在供应链管理中的应用比较广泛;A、Internet/Intranet技术、WEB技术B、MRP、MRPII 、ERP、CRM、JIT、CIMSC、CAD/CAMD、BR、RFID、GIS、GPS、EDIE、航空航天技术10、CPFR的主要特点有ABCE ;A、协同B、规划C、预测D、战略E、补货三、判断题正确的打“√”, 错误的打“×”;每题2分,10题,共20分1、供应链结构模式比一般单个企业的结构模式更为简单; ×2、依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序,供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类：推动流程和拉动流程; √3、供应链管理的实施目标之一是总成本最低化,总成本最低化目标是指运输费用或库存成本;×4、供应链之间的竞争实质上是时间竞争; √5、供应商在供应链上扮演着一个至关重要的角色,是链中物流的始发点,是资金流的开始,同时又是反馈信息流的终点; √6、第四方物流是第三方物流公司为其客户提供一种增值服务,主要是解决物流规划功能外包问题的物流方案; ×7、从系统开发的角度,客户关系管理是帮助企业以一定的组织方式来管理客户的互联网软件系统; √8、MC模式的关键是实现产品标准化和制造柔性化之间的平衡; √9、连续性检查的固定订货量、固定订货点策略,即Q, R策略;该策略的基本思想是：对库存进行连续性检查,当库存降低到订货点水平R时,即发出一个订货,每次的订货量要发生变化; ×10、联合库存管理Joint Managed Inventory,JMI是指由供应商和用户联合管理库存; ×四、案例分析题每小问题5分,6小题,共30分阅读以下案例资料,然后回答问题物流外包背后的真正问题1、区域经理的物流尴尬日趋激烈的市场竞争,加之消费的多元化和个性化,都对企业现有的生产经营及管理形成了新的考验,要想扩大利润空间,难度越来越高;提高要货满意率,减少库存量,让产品飞快地转起来,这都是企业亟待解决的物流问题;尤其是国内目前的服装类公司;如果物流管理无法规范,企业每年三分之一,甚至是二分之一的利润都可能被侵蚀掉;作为北京区域总经理的林华对自己一手创办起来的“依狼”成衣品牌的物流管理也遇到同样的问题;林华也曾想过把成衣物流外包出去,但是遍寻市场都找不到一家合适的第三方物流企业;于是,自建物流公司的想法便顺理成章的跳入林华脑中;2、行业分析90年代中期以来,部分企业依靠劳动力资源优势从事OEM和中低档产品,在国内需要增长、国外品牌进入较少的条件下取得了一定的知名度和市场份额;但当时的需求增长、国外品牌进入较少,这掩盖了许多产品与销售费用方面的缺点;进入新世纪以来,国内市场的出现了以服装消费占居民总消费比例下降而引起的需求总量增长减缓,及服装消费休闲化和时尚化的趋势;这些变化对国内成衣企业单品种大规模的生产发展模式构成冲击：消费多元化和个性化发展使市场变数增加,对企业现有生产经营及管理模式形成挑战；品牌定位模糊及中低档次产品的过度竞争导致服装价格持续下降,使企业的利润空间不断缩小;竞争直接导致了营销渠道的剧烈变化;厂商为保持竞争优势,渠道下沉、全力支持终端已经成为必然选择;从产品来讲,中档男性西服、中档男性衬衫、中档男性休闲服、中高档男性西服市场较大;但是这些偏重款式的成衣在时效性方面要求是很高的——这尤其体现在终端对厂家的物流服务要求,因此北京区网点对林华指挥的分销渠道的速度、存货管理能力提出了更高的要求;3、自营物流还是外包在服装行业,象李宁一样的大型多生产和分销的服装企业,成立物流公司的模式值得考虑；但对依狼这样以成衣为主营业务的企业来说,除非战略向多元化发展,否则难去支撑以自营的方式建立物流公司的运作方式;尤其在企业物流管理能力不高的情况下,自建物流的运作成本更可能高于现有的物流成本林华的公司目前面临的物流问题主要表现在这几个方面：1物流网络结构不合理,缺乏一套严格而行之有效的物流管理制度和操作流程；2缺乏一套针对全过程的信息管理系统来实时控制定单和库存状况；3在物流供应商选择上缺乏长期意识,没能够培养出一个战略合作伙伴;通过分析,从表面上看,为林华提供服务的第三方物流企业的服务素质偏低,操作不专业,自然而然地成了替罪羊,掩盖了其他一切问题;第三方物流的“弱质”实际上有两方面的原因：一是由于服装行业的成长非常快速,以往的仓储以及配送业务均由制造企业或者大的代理商独立承担,第三方物流企业缺乏服装产品的运作经验；二是由于制造企业没有自身的物流运作规范,把业务外包后就撒手不管了,这就造成物流供应商只能在以往客户物流运作系统的操作基础上逐步改善,往往事倍功半;实际上,物流经营模式的选择一般取决于两个因素的平衡：一是物流对企业成功的关键程度,二是企业物流管理的能力;从林华来看,它所面对的服装物流对企业成功的关键程度高,但企业物流管理的能力还有待提高;所以在现阶段,如果建立物流公司,不是一种最佳选择;物流只是支持企业发展的其中一个部分,营销、财务、采购、财务等等方面的政策对企业整体的绩效起决定性作用,并直接对物流运作的结果带来直接的影响;因此,在进行物流变革的同时应该对上述主要的企业职能进行全盘的规划和统筹,这才是林华的变革之道;“这就是现实问题的本质”4、变革之道从物流、库存管理最需要的“数据基础”方面说起——现在的依狼北京公司,在分销渠道上的预测基本靠不定期的人工经验判断,而且各销售分支机构不能快速汇总结果,从而根本新形不成指导分公司各部门协调工作的基础——更别说指导第三方物流商精细运作了原因分析：虽然“数据分析不足”有市场变化难以捉摸的因素,但没有基础数据,没有科学的预测方法,这是最大的问题——当然实际上根本就是分公司乃至全公司没有建立数据收集、分析到发布的完整体系;而正是数据分析不足带来的可怕的“牛鞭效应”终端要货量上下变动幅度过大,让林华和他的物流服务商都头疼得要死;所以林华企业物流管理的重点应在于营销、财务、采购、物流之间的协调,根据营销渠道的发展,联合一些大的物流企业,解决干线配送,区域配送的主体模式;根据日常营销数据,利用信息技术处理日常业务的速度,提供预测的基础数据,不断微调具体的运输过程,并严格进行物流外包以后的管理,这些是目前最应该做的事情;具体可以按照这几个步骤开展：第一,对公司的物流成本进行一次彻底的审计,找出物流成本所在,是销售问题还是物流运作本身的问题；第二,根据审计结果,发现物流能力和业务需求的差距,建立物流运作的绩效考核机制,确认改进的方向；第三,建立一个一体化的物流服务体系,其中包括信息系统,组织结构,业务流程和基础设施,对目前的分销供应链进行优化；第四,信息系统一定要保证物流全过程的实时可见；同时,实现物流部门和业务运作部门的良性互动,尤其是销售预测和库存计划;第五,和物流供应商签定基于客户服务的一揽子协议,用量化的指标来考评;阅读以上案例资料,回答下列问题每题5分,6小题,共30分1、在物流管理上,服装行业普遍存在哪些问题2、服装市场需求发生了哪些变化3、林华的公司目前面临的物流问题主要表现在哪些方面4、在为服装企业提供第三方物流服务的公司出现问题的主要原因有哪些5、林华的公司选择物流模式的主要影响因素有哪些6、林华的公司如何变革物流管理。
供应链管理(第四版)配套教学资源-课后习题答案
第一章一、填空题1.题目：供应链管理的实质内容包括以（顾客）为中心，以（市场需求）为原动力；强调企业应专注于（核心业务），建立核心竞争力，在供应链上明确定位，将非核心业务外包；各企业紧密合作，共担风险，共享利益；2.题目：供应链管理的目标是建立一个高效率、高效益的供应链；为（最终用户）创造价值；通过贸易伙伴间的密切合作，以最小的（总成本）和费用提供最大的价值和最好的服务。
3. 题目：实施供应链管理不仅意味着企业在战略方面努力构筑企业间（战略同盟），而且意味着企业在经营方面努力实施供应链企业一体化的（物流管理）。
4. 题目：供应链的概念注重（外部环境）以及与其他企业的联系，偏重于一个价值链中不同企业的制造、组装、分销、零售等过程将原材料转换成产品到最终用户的转换过程。
5.题目：一体化的供应链管理组织具有高度的反应力，能迅速支持一个伙伴公司的快速发展。
所有供应链伙伴分享（业务计划）、（预测信息）、MS数据、库存信息、进货情况以及有关协调货流的信息。
二、选择题1.供应链是围绕，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成的一个整体的增值网链结构。
答案A 核心企业答案B 供应商答案C 制造商答案D 分销商正确答案：A （直接填一个答案）2. 供应链实质上是由企业间的链接成的市场链、产业链，这种供需关系就是功能关系链、流程关系链，也是一条体现竞争实力的价值增值链。
网链中的商流、物流、信息流和资金流反映了供应链不同经营主体间合作、竞争和利益关系，从整个供应链的构成、运行与控制过程分析，供应链运作机制必须体现客户价值链增值过程。
答案A 客户关系答案B 供需关系答案C 利益关系答案D 竞争关系正确答案： B （直接填一个答案）3.题目：按供应链的涉及来分类有单元供应链、产业供应链和全球供应链。
供应链管理习题答案
供应链管理习题答案供应链管理习题答案供应链管理是现代企业运营中至关重要的一环。
它涉及到从原材料采购到最终产品交付的整个流程，包括供应商选择、物流运输、库存管理等各个环节。
在实践中，供应链管理面临着各种挑战和问题，需要通过有效的策略和方法来解决。
下面将针对几个供应链管理习题给出相应的答案和解析。
习题一：如何选择供应商？答案：选择供应商是供应链管理中关键的一步。
首先，企业应该明确自己的需求和要求，包括质量、价格、交货时间等方面。
然后，通过市场调研和供应商评估，筛选出符合要求的候选供应商。
最后，通过实地考察和合同谈判，选择最合适的供应商。
习题二：如何优化物流运输？答案：物流运输是供应链管理中的一个重要环节。
为了优化物流运输，企业可以采取以下策略。
首先，合理规划物流网络，选择合适的仓储和配送中心。
其次，优化运输路线，减少运输时间和成本。
再次，使用信息技术来跟踪和管理货物的运输过程，提高运输效率和准确性。
习题三：如何管理库存？答案：库存管理是供应链管理中的一个重要环节。
有效的库存管理可以降低成本，提高客户满意度。
为了管理库存，企业可以采取以下措施。
首先，建立准确的需求预测模型，避免库存过剩或缺货。
其次，优化订货策略，合理控制订货量和订货时间。
再次，使用先进的库存管理技术，如ABC分类法和定期盘点等，提高库存管理效率。
习题四：如何应对供应链风险？答案：供应链管理面临各种风险，如自然灾害、供应商倒闭等。
为了应对供应链风险，企业可以采取以下策略。
首先，建立供应链风险管理体系，包括风险评估、风险监控和风险应对等方面。
其次，与供应商建立紧密的合作关系，共同应对风险。
再次，建立备份供应商和备用物流渠道，以应对突发情况。
习题五：如何评估供应链绩效？答案：评估供应链绩效是衡量供应链管理效果的重要指标。
为了评估供应链绩效，企业可以采取以下方法。
首先，建立供应链绩效指标体系，包括交货时间、库存周转率、客户满意度等方面。
其次，收集和分析相关数据，进行绩效评估和比较。
用友U8(V10.1)供应链管理应用教程(微课版)-课后习题参考答案
1题面修改：如果某种药品“1盒=2板”，“1包=10盒”、“1箱=100包”，对外销售最小单位为盒，那么存货档案中的主计量单位是（ ）。
问答题
略
第
判断题
1.错2.对3.对4.对5.对
选择题
1.BCD2. C3. ABC4.ACD5.AB
问答题
略
第
判断题
1.对2.错3.对4.错5.对
选择题
1.AB2.ABCD3.C4.AB5. AB
问答题
略
第
判断题
1.错2.对3.对4.对5.对
选择题
1.ABCD2.BD3.ABCD4. ABCD
问答题
略
第
判断题
1.对2.对3.对4.错5.错
选择题
1.ABC2.D3.CD4. BCD5. D
问答题
略
第
判断题
1.错2.错3.错
选择题
1. D2.AB3. BCD
问答题
略
《用友
第
判断题
1.对2.错3.错4.对5.对6.错
选择题
1.B2. B3. C4.AB5.BC6.ACD
问答题
略
第
判断题
1.对2.对3.对4.错5.对
选择题
1.B2. BD3. C4.E题面修改（在采购专用发பைடு நூலகம்上）5.D
供应链物流管理(supply chain logistics management)鲍尔索克斯 课后习题答案1-6章
Chapter1：1.Why can the current movement toward establishing supply chains becharacterized as a revolution?Because the current movement toward establishing supply chains has reshaped contemporary strategic thinking.Two massive shifts, supply chain revolution and a related logistical renaissance, in expectation and practice concerning the performance of business operations are highly interrelated but they are significantly different aspects of contemporary strategic thinking.pare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditionaldistribution channels. Be specific regarding similarities and differences. Traditional distribution channels typically had an order fulfillment time of 15-30 days. But if something went wrong, this time would increase dramatically. It was a common practice to maintain inventory at every stage of the supply chain like retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. The market was characterized by scarcity to the primary goal of traditional model was to ensure availability of products. However, today customers want more options in product offerings. Modern supply chain is geared towards meeting the changing consumer needs. Transportation capacity and operational performance has become more reliable and economical. Logistical systems are capable of capable of delivering products at exact times. So customer orders can be fulfilled faster. With massive development in information technology, the need to maintain inventory has reduced dramatically. The occurrence of failures, characteristic of traditional supply chain, has been replaced by a commitment towards zero-defect of six sigma performance. In essence a high level of performance is achieved at a lower total cost with commitment of fewer financial resources than that in the past.3.What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?Logistics is the primary conduit of product and service flow within a supply chain arrangement. It is the work required to move and to position inventory throughout a supply chain. It is a combination of order management, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling and packaging as integrated throughout a facility network. Logistics is essential for effective supply chain connectivity.4.Describe “integrative management”. Be specific concerning the relationship betweenfunctionality and process.The challenge to achieving integrated management results from the long-standing tradition of performing and measuring work on a functional basis. Since the industrial revolution, achieving best practice has focused managerial attention on functional specialization. The prevailing belief was the better the performance of a specific function, the greater the efficiency of the overall process.The fundamental challenge of integrated management is to redirect traditional emphasis on functionality in an effort to focus on process achievement. Integrative process management seeks to identify and achieve lowest total cost by capturing trade-offs that exist between functions. The focus of integrated management is lowest total process cost, which is not necessarily the achievement of the lowest cost for each function included in the process.5.In terms of enterprise extension, describe the importance of the information sharingand process specialization paradigms.The information sharing paradigm is the widespread belief that achieving a high degree of cooperative behavior requires that supply chain participants voluntarily share operating information and jointly plan strategies. The guiding principle is that information sharing is essential among supply chain participants to collectively do the things customers demand faster and more efficiently.The process specialization paradigm is commitment to focusing collaborative arrangements on planning joint operations with a goal of eliminating nonproductive or non-value-adding redundancy by firms in a supply chain. The basic idea is to design the overall supply chain processes in a manner that identifies a specific firm’s competencies along with the responsibility and accountability to perform each element of essential work in a manner that maximizes overall results.Importance: Sharing information and joint planning can reduce risk related to inventory positioning. Collaboration can eliminate duplicative or redundant work, such as repetitive quality inspection, by designating and empowering a specified member of the supply chain to be fully responsible and accountable. Such extended enterprise integration introduces new challenges regarding measurement, benefit and risk sharing, trust, leadership, and conflict resolution.6.Describe and illustrate an integrated service provider. How does the conceptof integrated service provider differ from traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing?Integrated Service Providers (ISP) also known as third-party logistics providers provide a range of logistics services that includes all work necessary to service customers. With the regulatory changes in the transportation the traditional logistics services providers started offering warehousing and shared transportation services. Therefore the ISPs initiated the radical shift from single function to multifunction outsourcing. Their services include order entry to product delivery and in certain situations they also provide wide range of value-added services. For example United Parcel Services (UPS) stocks Nike shoes and warm-ups at its Louisville warehouse and processes orders hourly. All the related communication and financial administration are handled by an UPS call center in San Antonio. Therefore UPS handles the basic logistics and value-added services for Nike.In contrast the traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing specialize in specific functions. For instance, the for-hire transportationindustry consists of carriers who specialize in moving products between geographic locations. The companies offering warehouse services are traditionally called public warehouses and they provide storage supplemented by specialized services.pare and contrast anticipatory and response-based business models.Why has responsiveness become popular in supply chain collaborations? Anticipatory and response-based business models are the two ways used by firms to fulfill customer requirements. However the fundamental difference in the two models is timingAnticipatory model has been the traditional business practice, which was mainly forecast driven. Since information about purchasing behavior was not readily available, and the channel partners were loosely collaborating, businesses were driven by forecasts. However the forecasts used by the manufacturers, wholesales, distributors, and retailers were often different that led to a lot of excess inventory in the system. All the work was performed in anticipation of future projections, so the likelihood of misgauging customer requirements was very high. In addition each firm in the chain duplicated the anticipatory process.Response-based model aims to reduce or eliminate forecast reliance by joint planning and rapid exchange of information between supply chain partners. This model has been made possible because managers can now obtain and share accurate sales information faster. Consequently customers can be provided with their desired items faster. This model requires fewer steps and therefore less cost to complete a fulfillment process compared to the anticipatory model. Response-based model is similar to a build to order model however the former has a faster response time and allows higher degree of customization.Responsiveness propelled by information technology development has become the cornerstone of today’s supply chain collaboration. Higher responsiveness can not only increase the level of customer satisfaction but can also reduce the overall cost of doing that.pare and contrast manufacturing and geographic postponement. Manufacturing and geographic postponement are strategies and practices that reduces the anticipatory risks of supply chain performance. The factors favoring one pr the other form depends on the volume, value, competitive initiatives desired customer service levels. Manufacturing or form postponement aims at manufacturing the products one order at a time with no preparatory work or component procurement until the customer specifications are fully known and customer commitment is received. The goal of this postponement strategy is to maintain products in a neutral or non-committed status as long as possible. In an ideal situation a standard or base product is manufactured in large quantities to obtain economy of scale while deferring the finalization until the customer commitment. In this scenario, economy of scope is introduced by producing the base product to accommodate a wide range of different customers. An example of manufacturing postponement is observed in mixing paintcolor at retail stores to accommodate the individual customer’s request. This strategy not only reduces the risks of logistics malfunction but also increases the use of light manufacturing and final assembly at logistical facilitiesOn the other hand, Geographical or logistical postponement focuses on response acceleration. This strategy aims to build and stock a full-line inventory at one or more strategic locations. Forward deployment of inventory is postponed until the customer order is received. In an ideal situation this postponement strategy eliminates the risk of anticipatory risk of inventory deployment while retaining manufacturing economy scale. An example of geographical postponement is the Sears Store Delivery System. The logistics of the appliances is not initiated till the customer order is received. An appliance purchased on Monday can be installed at customer’s home as early as Wednesday. And there is a possibility that the product is not manufactured until that night or early Tuesday.In a number of supply chains both types of postponement strategies are combined to create a highly responsive strategy.9.Define and illustrate cash-to-cash conversion, dwell-time minimization andcash spin. How does supply chain strategy and structure impact each?Cash-to-cash conversion is the time required to convert raw material or inventory purchases into sales revenue. It is directly related to inventory turn. Its benefits are realized by reducing and sharing risk and inventory investment. In traditional business the benefits were enjoyed at the expense of business partners. For example, terms of 2% net 10 meant that a prompt payment discount could be earned if the invoice is paid within ten days from the time of delivery. In a response based system these benefits can be shared by managing the inventory transfer velocity across the supply chain. To facilitate such arrangements supply chain partners often use dead net pricing, which factors discounts and allowances in the selling price. Therefore incentives of timely payment are replaced by performance commitments at a specified net price. Managing supply chain logistics as a continuous synchronized process also serves to reduce dwell time.Dwell time is the ratio of the time that an asset sits idle to the time required to satisfy its designated supply chain mission. As an example dwell time would represent the ratio of the time inventory is in store to the time it is moving or contributing to achieve supply chain objectives. Dwell time can be reduced if the supply chain partners are willing to eliminate duplicate work. Therefore each firm could be designated to perform and be accountable for the value-added work in order to reduce the overall dwell.Cash spin basically refers to free cash spin. This concept aims to reduce the overall assets committed to the supply chain performance. Therefore capital invested on inventory or warehouse can be made available for redeployment by revising the supply chain arrangement. Free capital can be reinvested in other projects that would have otherwise not been considered.10.Discuss and support the following argument: "Supply chain arrangements mayreduce consumer value."A somewhat more abstract but often cited potential downside of supply chain management could be labeled the dark side of collaboration. The argument is that the public does not benefit across the board from supply chain efficiency.Supply chain criticism comes in two parts.First, the line of reasoning is that operating efficiency does not automatically translate to or guarantee lower consumer prices. Firms that collaborate may individually or collectively make larger profits and thereby generate large shareholder wealth. However, no mechanisms exist to guarantee that efficiencies will be passed on to consumers in the form of lower retail prices. In fact, the supporting logic is that as supply chains.The second criticism of supply chain arrangements builds on the premise that operating efficiency may not always be socially equitable. The argument questions the benefits of more precise matching of supply to demand in terms of the overall reduction in surplus goods.Chapter2：1.Illustrate a common trade-off that occurs between the work areas of logistics. Any illustration that demonstrates an inherent trade-off between information, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling or packaging is acceptable. The following are a few examples of such trade-offs:Information is increasingly being used as a substitute for inventory. For instance, a warehouse manager that is in constant contact with a supplier of his/her stocks need not hold traditional, high levels of inventory. By being “connected”, the supplier realizes when the warehouse is in need of product and can make accommodations of product processing and shipping accordingly. Improved, faster means of transportation also prevent manufacturers and merchandisers from holding high levels of inventory.Poor packaging can lead to product damage in transit. Management should either improve packaging or seek a transportation mode that is more stable and less damage-inducing. Regardless, greater costs will be incurred upfront – though they are likely to be offset with reduced costs of product recollection and rework.2.Discuss and elaborate the following statement: "The selection of a superiorlocation network can create substantial competitive advantage."The statement “The selection of Superior location network can create sub stantial competitive advantage” holds true with regard to logistical networks. The network design implies customer service and cost considerations. Added value (and perhaps a competitive advantage) may be derived from the “intimacy” of being located near customers. Networks that strive for the highest levels of effectiveness (superior serviceperformance) often do so at significantly higher expense. Networks may also be designed for efficient product flows in order to lower transportation and inventory holding costs. Depending upon the competitive environment in which a firm operates, competitive advantage may result from either being located near the customers to provide superior service or through low cost service with the cost-efficient network design.3.Why are customer-accommodation operations typically more erratic thanmanufacturing support and procurement operations?Market or physical distribution operations are typically more erratic because they are initiated by the customer, whose behavior cannot be controlled by the firm. Manufacturing and procurement operations, on the other hand, are initiated by the firm and considered to be within the firm’s span of control. However, better communications between the logistics organization and customers can reduce the uncertainty and erratic nature of market-distribution operations.4.How has transportation cost, as a percentage of total logistics cost, trackedsince 1980The transportation costs as a percentage of total logistics costs in US has increased over the last 20 years. In 1980, the percentage was approximately 47 percent and this has increased to over 63 percent in 2004. Therefore transportation represents a significant portion of the overall logistics cost.5.Describe the logistics value proposition. Be specific regarding specificcustomer accommodation and cost.Logistical value proposition is a cost framework that aims to match of operating competency and commitment to meet the individual of selected groups of customers’ expectations and requirements. A well-designed logistical network must have high customer response with low operational variance and minimum inventory commitment. However the combinations will be different for different groups. Well designed and operated logistical system can help firms to achieve competitive advantage.6.Describe the fundamental similarities and differences between procurement,manufacturing support and customer-accommodation performance cycles as they relate to logistical control.Procurement performance cycles consist of the many activities that maintain the flow of materials, parts, or finished goods into a manufacturing or distribution facility. The scope of procurement activities is limited. Although similar to the customer order processing cycle, shipments are generally larger and cycles often require much more time. Maintaining raw materials inventory is sometimes less expensive relative to finished goods, since time of delivery and material security is often less sensitive into facility than out to the customer. Another difference is that the number of suppliers of a firm is generally less than the number of customers, making the procurement cycle more direct.Manufacturing support performance cycles serve as the logistics of production. These functions maintain orderly and economic flow of materials and work-in-process inventory to support production schedules. The goal is to support manufacturing requirements in the most efficient manner. These are internal cycles to the firm, thus they are rarely affected by behavioral uncertainty.Customer-accommodation performance cycles are those associated with processing and delivering customer orders. They link the customers through timely and economical product availability. Physical distribution integrates marketing and manufacturing efforts. To improve the effectiveness of the distribution system, forecast accuracy must improve to reduce uncertainty. In addition to the value of sound forecasting methods, the firm must emphasize flexibility and responsiveness to deal with the uncertainty of customers in the physical distribution cycle.pare and contrast a performance cycle node and a link. Give an exampleof each.Nodes are facility locations. Forms of communications and transportation represent links between the nodes. Most logistical work takes place at nodes whereas links represent the interface among locations. Nodes represent network facilities where materials are processed and base inventories and safety stocks are maintained. Inventory that is in between nodes is c alled “in transit”.8.How does the "quest for quality" affect logistical operations? Does theconcept of total quality have relevancy when applied to logistics?Though logistical service quality is often in the eye of the beholder –that is, the definition of quality varies among suppliers and customers, it is possible to pursue a quest for quality. The quest requires logistics organizations to identify the service qualities that customers most highly value. Upon identifying these key dimensions of service, it is up to the firm to flawlessly execute those functions that add value. Ultimately, customers may demand “perfect order” performance, a level of service that requires suppliers to meet expectations without error.The ideals of total quality – namely, doing things right the first time, does find relevance in logistics. It is far better in terms of customer service and low cost to provide customers with desired service on the first effort. Customers more highly value suppliers that meet their promises, delivering product on time, in proper quantities, and without damage. Costs are reduced in the process as fewer products are recollected and reworked. These costs of service or product failure can be eliminated if processes are corrected, ensuring that the problem is not a recurring one. Over time, customers tend to rely on those suppliers that provide sound service time and again.9.Discuss uncertainty as it relates to the overall logistical performance cycle.Discuss and illustrate how performance cycle variance can be controlled.One of the major objectives of logistical management is to reduce the uncertainty in performance cycles. Since the performance cycles are made up of many activities, eachwith its own volatility or variance, variance over the entire cycle can significantly impede the logistics organization’s efficiency and effectiveness.To control variance, the firm must conform expected cycle time to actual cycle time. If cycle time is less than expected, the delivered product becomes inventory to be stored. If the cycle time is longer than expected, then the firm must rely on safety stocks to satisfy customer demand. In either case there are costs associated with variance. The ides is to eliminate variance by equating actual cycle time to the expected cycle time. This may require adjustments in product flows into or out of the organization.10.What is the logic of designing echeloned logistical structures? Can echelonedand direct structures be combined?The echeloned logistical structure is built on the logic of stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of supply chain. This structure utilizes warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large volume transportation shipments. The inventory is position to meet the customers’ requirements faster. Typical echelon systems use either break bulk or consolidation warehouses. However the service commitment and order size economies determine the most desirable and economical structure to service the specific customer. So many supply chains use a combination of echeloned and direct structures to meet their logistical needs.Chapter3：1.Explain the differences between transactional and relationship marketing.How do these differences lead to increasing emphasis on logistical performance in supply chain management?Transactional marketing is generally focused towards short-term interaction with customers. Traditional marketing strategies followed this approach wherein exchanges/transactions are carried out with customers in order to increase their revenues and profits.Relationship marketing focuses on the long-term relations with the key supply chain partners such as the consumers, intermediate customers and suppliers. This strategy aims to develop and retain long term preference and loyalty because it has been realized in many industries that it is more important to obtain greater share of the purchases made by the existing customers than to attract new customers. This approach tries to identify the individual customers in order to satisfy their unique needs in the most cost-efficient and effective way. This requires a greater emphasis on logistical performance of the entire supply chain.2.Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, lot size,waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management?Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.Since every customer has different requirements regarding service outputs, spatial convenience, lot size, waiting or delivery time, and product variety represent the four generic outputs to accommodate customer requirements.Spatial convenience measures the amount of shopping time and effort that needs to be out by the customer. Higher convenience is offered by making the product available in more number of places. As an example some household furniture manufacturers offer their products through department store, mass merchandisers and other independent department stores whereas Ethen Allen offers its products only at its own Allen retail stores.Lot size refers to the number of units that can be purchased in each transaction. A customer who wish to buy larger quantity of items for example 12 or 24 rolls of paper towels to get a lower unit price can get it from Sam’s Club and Costco. However they can buy single rolls from grocery or convenient stores. The basic tradeoff in such purchases is between the unit price and the storage or maintenance cost of such volumes.Waiting time is the amount if time a customer has to wait between ordering and receiving products. The lower the waiting time, the higher is the level of service. Buying products from retail or grocery stores has no waiting time however if someone wants to order from a catalog or via the Internet, he has to wait for the product. Although higher waiting time is associated with inconvenience, customers are rewarded in the form of lower prices.Product variety refers to the different assortments or variety offered to the consumers and end-users. Supermarkets offer a large variety of items, whereas the warehouse stores offer a much less variety. And convenience stores offer even lesser variety.3.What is meant by availability in logistics customer service? Provide examples ofthe different ways to monitor a firm’s performance in availability.Availability is the capacity to have inventory when desired by a customer. As simple as this may seem, it is not at all uncommon for an organization to expend considerable time, money, and effort to generate customer demand and then fail to have product available to meet customer requirements. The traditional practice in organizations is to stock inventory in anticipation of customer orders.Availability is based on three performance measures: Stockout Frequency, Fill Rate, and Orders Shipped Complete.Stockout Frequency: For example, a study of retail supermarkets revealed that at any point in time during a week, the average supermarket is out of stock of approximately 8 percent of the items planned to be on the shelves. It is important to note, however, that a stockout does not actually occur until a customer desires a product. The aggregation of all stockouts across all products is an indicator of how well a firm is positioned to provide basic service commitments in product availability. While it does not consider that some products may be more critical in terms of availability than others, it is the starting point in thinking about inventory availability.Fill Rate:For example, if a customer wants 100 units of an item and only 97 are available, the fill rate is 97 percent. To effectively consider fill rate, the typical procedure is to evaluate performance over time to incIude multiple customer orders. Thus, fill rate performance can be evaluated for a specific customer, product, or for any combination of customers, products, or business segments. Fill rate can be used to differentiate the level of service to be offered on specific products. In the earlier example, if all 100 products ordered were critical to a customer, then a fill rate of 97 percent could result in a stockout at the customer's plant or warehouse and severely disrupt the customer's operations. Imagine an assembly line scheduled to produce 100 automobiles that receives only 97 of its required brake assemblies. In situations where some of the items are not critical to performance, a fill rate of 97 percent may be acceptable. The customer may accept a back order or be willing to reorder the short items at a later time. Fill rate strategies need to consider customer requirements for products.Orders Shipped Complete:The most exacting measure of performance in product availability is orders shipped complete. It views having everything that a customer orders as the standard of acceptable performance. Failure to provide even one item on a customer's order results in that order being recorded as zero in terms of complete shipment.pare and contrast speed, consistency, and flexibility as optionalperformance activities. In some situations,is one activity more critical than others?Performance cycle speed is the elapsed time form when a customer establishes a need to order until the product is delivered and is ready for customer use.Speed is an essential ingredient in many just-in-time and quick-response logistical strategies as fast performance cycles reduce customer inventory requirements.Order cycle consistency is measured by the number of times that actual cycles meet the time planned for completion.most logistical managers place greater value on consistency because it directly impacts a customer’s ability to plan and perform is own activities.the issue of consistency is fundamental to effective logistics operations as it is becoming increasingly common for customers to actually specify a desired date and even specify a delivery appointment when placing orders.Flexibility involves a firm’s ability to accommodate special situations and unusual or unexpected customer requests.In some situations,adjustments can be implemented to prevent or accommodate special situations,thereby preventing malfunctions.so one may be more critical than others. 5.Why is perfect order service so difficult to achieve?An order should be delivered complete,delivered on time,at the right location,in perfect condition,with complete and accurate documentation.Each of these individual elements must comply with customer specifications.thus,complete delivery means all product the customer originally requested,on time means at the customer’s specified date and time.ing the ten categories of customer expectations in Table 3-1, develop yourown examples of how customers might evaluate performance of a supplier.。
《供应链管理实务》课后答案参考
《供应链管理实务》课后答案参考任务一理解供应链【练习与思考】(一)单项选择题1(供应链可分为有效性供应链和反应性供应链，其依据是根据供应链的(D ) 。
A(稳定性 B(复杂性 C(容量与用户需求的关系 D(功能模式2(在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时，企业不能在最优状态下运作，此时的供应链是:( D)。
A(稳定的供应链 B(动态的供应链 C(平衡的供应链 D(倾斜的供应链3(供应链是一个(A )，产品从原材料到成品再到客户手中的全过程实际上是在波特教授所谓的“价值系统”中运行。
A(价值链 B(信息流 C(资金流 D(物流(二)判断题1(推动式供应链的驱动力产生于最终用户，整个供应链的集成度较高，信息交换迅速，可以根据用户的需求实现定制化服务。
(× )2(有效型供应链的基本目标是以最低的成本供应可预测的需求。
(?)3(在供应链中，不可能存在一个厂家同时又是入点和出点的情况。
(? ) 4(功能型产品的供应链设计策略是反应性供应链;创新型产品采用有效型供应链的设计策略。
(×)(三)思考题1(请思考牛奶供应链如何构成的，并描述其不同阶段的特征。
牛奶供应链得形成——以蒙牛为例---奶源问题:公司+农户，大规模饲养降低成本---加工环节:利用利乐包装，产品多样化---配销环节:就近生产就近配送，就远生产就远配送，如何管理分销渠道---销售环节:如何管理零售终端库存，产品过期等问题---营销环节:依靠营销法大势营销法2(当企业制定决策时，为什么要考虑供应链的整体利益,供应链的目标应该是供应链整体价值最大化。
供应链所产生的价值应为最终产品对顾客的价值与满足顾客需求所付出的供应链成本之间的差额。
对大多数商业供应链而言，价值与供应链盈利(亦称供应链剩余)之间是强相关关系。
供应链的盈利产生于来自顾客的收入与供应链总成本之间的差额。
3(总结归纳供应链的目标是什么,供应链的目标应该是供应链整体价值最大化。
供应链管理课后习题答案
供应链管理课后习题答案【篇一：供应链管理课后习题答案】xt>第一章1.纵向一体化的企业拥有、管理并运作所有相关的业务职能。
横向一体化的企业由一些独立运营的企业组成，公司总部提供品牌、指导和一般战略。
比较并对比这两种类型企业的供应链战略。
答：纵向一体化企业旨在使公司各业务成分之间的互动更紧密，而且经常集中地管理它们。
这样的结构，可以更容易地通过中央决策除去供应链中的不同部分之间的冲突来实现系统的整体目标。
在横向一体化公司，协调公司内部各业务的供应链通常是没有效益的。
事实上，如果横向一体化中的每个企业都专注于它的核心功能，并以最佳状态运行，就可能达到总体的全局最优效果。
2.考虑一个企业重新设计其物流网络。
为数不多的几个集中仓库的优点是什么？大量靠近最终用户的仓库的优点是什么？司利用风险分担，以提高服务水平并降低库存水平和成本。
不过，对外运输成本通常较高，交货间隔期较长。
另一方面，企业可以通过建立更多的靠近最终用户的仓库，以减少对外运输成本和交货间隔期。
然而，这种类型的系统将会使总库存水平和成本增加、规模经济下降、仓储费用增加，并且可能增加对内运输费用。
3.考虑一个企业选择运输服务提供商。
使用卡车承运商的优点是什么？使用诸如ups这样的包裹速递公司的优点是什么？答：企业对运输服务的选择在很大程度上取决于公司要运输的产品的类型和大小，库存和交付的策略，和对灵活性的需求：1.如果是大量而稳定的运送大件物品或小件物品从仓库到需求点（店），货车运输会更好。
一个很好的例子就是仓库到超市之间的杂货送货。
要注意，在本例中，我们希望的是卡车满载时货物达到卡车装载量。
2.如果由制造商/仓库直接递送顾客的是相对低成本的项目，那么用快递公司更合适。
此外，快递公司可以根据客户的个人需要灵活的提供不同的运输方式。
【篇二：供应链管理考试复习题及答案(给力版)】供应链管理？供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。
供应链管理实务课后答案
供应链管理实务课后答案1.企业竞争战略与供应链战略的区别?答:价值链是指企业进行的一系列符合特定模式的活动。
或者说,价值链是企业生产的产品或服务增值的环节或链条,价值链中的每项活动都增加了产品或服务的价值。
企业的成功与否与以下因此紧密相连:第一:竞争战略要和所有的职能战略相互匹配以形成协调统一的总体战略。
任何一个部门的职能战略在制定的时候都不是单独考虑的,它必须要支持其他的职能战略,帮助企,业实现最终的竞争战略目标。
第二:企业的各个部门必须合适地配置本部门的流程及资源以保证能够成功的执行这些战略。
第三:整体供应链战略的设计和各阶段的作用必须协调一致,以支持供应链战略。
3,怎样才能使竞争战略与供应链战略更好的匹配?答:要赢得战略匹配,企业必须保证其供应链能力会支持公司满足目标客户群的能力。
赢得这种战略匹配有一下三个基本步骤:第一:理解顾客和供应链不确定性:首先,一家企业必须理解每个目标顾客群的需求,以及在满足这些需求过程中,供应链所面临的不确定性。
这些需求帮助公司决定需求的成本和服务要求。
供应链的不确定性帮助公司确定了供应链必须准备面对的需求量、中断和延迟的不可预知性。
第二:理解供应链能力:供应链有很多种形式,每一种都根据不同的工作要求设计。
一家企业必须了解它的供应链在哪些方面表现卓越。
第三:赢得战略匹配:如果供应链运行出色的方面与期望的顾客需求仍然存在不匹配的地方,企业要毛需要重新配置供应链以支持竞争战略,要毛需要调整竞争战略以支持供应链战略。
4,供应链中有哪些驱动因素,各驱动因素在供应链做的作用、在竞争战略中的作用及其决策因素有哪些。
答:企业实现战略匹配需要在响应性和效率之间寻找适当的平衡,而供应链绩效的物流驱动因素(设施、库存与运输)和跨职能驱动因素(信息、采购与定价)中的每一种因素都有可能会影响到这一平衡。
这些因素互相作用,才能够决定供应链的响应性和效率。
设施的作用:在供应链中的作用是供应链发展到一定阶段就要建设物流基础设施,它们用来存放、装配或制造库存的设备或物品:在竞争战略中的作用是设施所处的地理位置、容量大小、能力高低以及柔性程度都直接影响着供应链的响应性和效率。
供应链管理最新精品高教版“课后训练”参考答案
“课后训练”参考答案第一章主要概念供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成的一个整体的增值网链结构单元供应链由一家企业的直接供货商和直接客户组成，包括了从需到供的循环。
它是供应链的最基本模式产业供应链(extended supply chain)由单元供应链组成，是企业联合其他上下游企业，通过联盟和外包等各种合作方式建立一条经济利益相关、业务关系紧密、优势互补的产业供需关系网链，企业充分利用产业供应链上的资源来适应新的竞争环境，实现合作优化，共同增强竞争力。
全球供应链是在全球范围内组合供应链，是企业根据需要在世界各地选取最有竞争力的合作伙伴，结成全球供应链网络，以实现该供应链的最优化供应链管理是为满足服务水平要求，将供应商、生产商、销售商、物流商到最终用户结成网链来组织生产与销售商品，并通过商流、物流、信息流、资金流系统设计、计划、运行和控制等活动达到降低系统总成本的预期目的，它是供应链商流、物流、信息流、资金流以及合作者关系等规划、设计、运营、控制过程进行一体化的集成管理思想、方法和技术体系一体化物流是指原料、半成品和成品的生产、供应、销售环节结合成有机整体，进行系统计划与协调的活动重点实务企业供应链结构分析：能够根据实际运作绘制企业供应链结构；效率型供应链、反应型供应链与功能性产品和创新性产品的匹配：能够明确效率型供应链与功能性产品、反应型供应链和创新性产品的匹配关系。
习题与训练一、判断题1．√2．×3．√4．√5．×二、选择题1．A2．A3．D4．D5．A三、简答题1．供应链有发散网结构、会聚网结构、T形网结构等三种结构。
供应链主要具有以下特征：(1)全局性；(2)复杂性；(3)动态性；(4)交叉性；(5)增值性；(6)面向用户需求。
供应链管理课后习题答案
供应链管理课后习题答案第一章课后习题答案一、判断题题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10√× √×√√√√√××√页码P4 P5 P7 P9 P9 P11 P20 P8 P23 P25 二、名词解释SCP:分别指市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)。
哈佛学派认为. 市场结构(Structure )，市场行为(Conduct)，市场绩效(Performance)之间存在着必然的联系.並建立了SCP分析框架來分析行业与企业的发展情況P5三、简答题1答：分析汽车供应链结构简图：（1）汽车行业全球供应链的形成与发展在激烈的市场竞争中，汽车制造业是一个复杂程度和集成度非常高的行业，汽车制造业需要懂得合作与共享，并且在不同的环节有着不同的侧重点，满足不同客户需求，不断完善汽车产业全球价值链的分工体系，才能在激烈的市场中成为佼佼者。
（2）汽车供应链的利益分配及影响因素“微笑曲线”价值分布汽车供应链中有不同的侧重点，对于整车装配、非关键零部件的生产加工、流通环节等均为低附加值环节；对于产品设计与研发、品牌推广和关键零部件的生产和采购等则划分为高附加值环节，汽车企业应重视“微笑曲线”所带来的价值，针对不同的区域有不同的侧重点，有利于节省成本，提高质量。
特征：多种生产策略组合；典型的生产滚动计划；整车厂的生产计划实施，驱动整个供应链；普遍注重精益的物流运作；物流业务外包成主流；严格的零部件供应商准入机制与供应商分级管理；基于框架协议下的全球化采购；汽车售后供应链体系备受关注。
汽车产业发展新趋势汽车产业发展呈现规模化、集群化发展趋势，产业集群化使产业链纵向延伸发展，同时提高了与相关产业进行横向竞争与合作的效率2、答：分析服装供应链结构简图：先分析服装供应链的工艺流程，再分析服装供应链的类型。
服装供应链有四种主要类型的企业：（1）单纯的生产加工企业（2）自有品牌的“虚拟企业”（3）供、产、销一体化的企业（4）服装贸易公司特征：（1）服装产品的生命周期短(2)服装消费需求变动性大(3)服装消费需求的可预测性低(4)服装购买的冲动性高(5)服装产品被模仿的情况严重P14-15发展趋势：（1）产品个性化需求增大消费能力、消费心理与社会的进步三个因素，共同催生了个性化定制这个基于人自身表达诉求的概念。
《供应链管理》习题和答案
《供应链管理》习题和答案专科物流专业《供应链管理》练习题姓名学号班级练习题⼀1. 供应链运⾏绩效的评估（）A．涉及到的是供应链上的部分企业 B．涉及到了供应链上所有的企业；C．只涉及到核⼼企业 D．只与上下游企业之间有关系。
2.下列不属于供应链环境管理下的库存问题的是（）A、侧重于优化单⼀的库存成本B、供应链的战略与规划问题C、供应链的运作问题D、信息类问题3.不属于产品⽣命周期的是哪个（）A.计划期B.成长期C.成熟期D.衰退期4.供应链合作伙伴关系的主要⽬的是（）A.缩短采购提前期，提⾼供货的柔性B.加快资⾦周转C.通过缩短供应链总周期，达到降低成本和提⾼质量的⽬的D.减少供应商数⽬5．（）指超越⼀家⼀户的以⼀个社会为范畴⾯向社会为⽬的的物流。
A. 宏观物流B.社会物流C. 微观物流A. 更好的为顾客服务B. 降低了费⽤C. ⽣产计划准确D.增加了收⼊7、下列不是供应链特性的是（）A.供应链是交错链状的⽹络结构。
B.供应链是企业的主体部分。
C.供应链是⼀条增值链。
D.供应链的⽹络结构是由顾客需求拉动的。
8、属于多级库存优化与控制的⽅法有（）A.减少成本B.中⼼化（集中式）策略C.改进服务质量D.获得更多的市场信息9．TOC理论对供应链的启迪是企业的经营业绩应该是加强链条中（）。
A．最强的⼀环 B.最薄弱的⼀环C.所有环节D.部分环节10. 建⽴战略合作关系的第⼀步必须明确战略关系对于企业的必要性，企业必须评估潜在的（）A、利益与风险B、成本与风险C、资⾦与风险D、投资与风险11. 下列不属于供应链环境管理下的库存问题的是（）A、侧重于优化单⼀的库存成本B、供应链的战略与规划问题C、供应链的运作问题D、信息类问题12.供应链管理中提到的客户主要是指（）A、只是指最终的消费者B、与企业内部的部门⽆关C、可以指代供应链上的每个相关企业和部门D、只指代渠道分销员13.对于供应链下库存管理的⽅法，以下说法正确的是（）C、联合库存管理体现了战略供应商联盟的新型企业合作关系D、⾃动库存补充⽅法体现了战略供应商联盟的新型企业合作关系14.在⼤多数的跨国公司中，选择供应商的基本准则“Q.C.D.S.”是（）A、质量、成本、交付与服务并重的原则B、数量、成本、交付与服务并重的原则C、价格、质量、成本与服务并重的原则D、质量、价格、成本与服务并重的原则15.供应链管理的初级阶段，典型的供应链策略主要是指（）A、企业资源计划与准是制B、⾼效客户响应和准是制；C、⾼效客户响应和快速响应D、企业资源计划与快速响应。
《供应链管理基础》马翔课后习题答案
《供应链管理基础》马翔课后习题答案一、单项选择题1、某股票收益率的标准差为0.7，其收益率与市场女团收益率的相关系数为0.5，市场女团收益率的标准差为0.3。
则该股票的收益率与市场女团收益率之间的协方差为：A、0.105B、0.015C、0.15D、0.32【正确答案】 A【该题针对“投资风险报酬”知识点展开考核】2、关于投资风险与报酬的表述中正确的是：A、投资风险越高，投资者建议的投资风险报酬率越高B、在无风险投资报酬率一定的条件下，投资风险越高，投资者要求的投资风险报酬率越高C、投资风险越高，投资者建议的投资风险报酬率越高D、投资风险与投资者要求的投资风险报酬率没有比例关系【恰当答案】 B【该题针对“投资风险报酬”知识点进行考核】3、某公司目前向银行取走200万元，银行存款年利率为5%，在乘数计息的方式下，该公司5年后可以赢得的本利和：(FVIF5%,5=1.)A、230万元B、220.82万元C、255.26万元D、.82万元【正确答案】 C【该题针对“货币时间价值”知识点展开考核】4、复利终值的计算公式是：A、FVn=PV(1-i)nB、FVn=PV(1+i)nC、FVn=PV×i nD、FVn=PV(1+i)(n+1)【恰当答案】 B【该题针对“货币时间价值”知识点进行考核】5、以下各项中，无法排序出来清楚结果的就是：A、后付年金终值B、即付年金终值C、递延年金终值D、永续年金终值【正确答案】 D【该题针对“货币时间价值”知识点展开考核】6、假设企业按12%的年利率取得贷款元，要求在5年内每年末等额偿还，12%的5年期年金现值系数3.605，年金终值系数是6.353，那么每年的偿付额应为：A、元B、元C、元D、元【恰当答案】 C【该题针对“货币时间价值”知识点进行考核】7、关于乘数终值与乘数现值，以下定义中恰当的就是：A、复利终值系数+复利现值系数=1B、乘数终值系数×乘数现值系数=1C、复利终值系数÷复利现值系数=1D、乘数终值系数-乘数现值系数=1【正确答案】 B【该题针对“货币时间价值”知识点展开考核】8、下列不属于财务管理的职能的是：A、财务预测职能B、财务报告职能C、财务预算职能D、财务分析职能【恰当答案】 B【该题针对“财务管理概述”知识点进行考核】9、以下各项中，不属于生产企业的资本运动过程的就是：A、物资生产阶段B、资本筹措阶段C、资本营运阶段D、资本废旧阶段【正确答案】 A【该题针对“财务管理详述”知识点展开考核】二、多项选择题1、以下各项中，可以用以来衡量风险的存有：A、期望值B、方差C、标准离差D、标准距差率E、期望报酬率【恰当答案】 BCD【该题针对“投资风险报酬”知识点进行考核】2、投资女团的.系统性风险因素存有：A、宏观经济波动B、利率政策变革C、汇率政策调整D、税收政策改革E、盈利质量下降【恰当答案】 ABCD【该题针对“投资风险报酬”知识点进行考核】3、税延年金，具备如下特点：A、年金的第一次支付发生在若干期以后B、没终值C、年金的现值与递延期无关D、年金的终值与寄延后毫无关系E、现值系数是普通年金现值的倒数【恰当答案】 AD【该题针对“货币时间价值”知识点进行考核】4、以下观点中属以股东财富最大化做为财务管理目标的缺点存有：A、通常只适用于上市公司，非上市公司难以应用B、没考量利润与投入资本的关系C、股价受众多因素影响，不能完全准确反映企业的财务状况D、没考量风险因素E、不便于奖励和考核【恰当答案】 AC【该题针对“财务管理概述”知识点进行考核】5、关于企业的财务管理目标，目前主要存有：A、利润最大化B、股东财富最大化C、相关者利益最大化D、成本、费用最低化E、企业价值最大化【恰当答案】 ABCE【该题针对“财务管理概述”知识点进行考核】。
《供应链管理》第二版参考答案[20页]
![《供应链管理》第二版参考答案[20页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/2335637b31b765ce05081423.png)
《供应链管理》各章思考题参考答案第一章思考题：1．什么是供应链？怎么样理解我国对供应链的定义？答：供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的网链结构和模式。
关于这个定义的含义，我们可以从以下几个方面来理解：（1）它是一个范围更广的企业结构模式。
供应链包含所有加盟的节点企业，从原材料的供应开始，经过网链中不同企业的制造加工、组装、分销等过程直到最终用户。
它把整个供应链看成是一个不可分割的整体，是一个更广泛的企业结构模式。
（2）这个概念强调了供应链的战略伙伴关系。
（3）供应链的网链结构中究竟包括哪些企业，这些企业应该各自出现在供应链的什么位置，相互之间的关系应该怎样，则取决于诸多因素。
（4）供应链的网链结构主要包括：供应链的长度(即所包含的层面数)、各层面供应商或客户的数量、各层面之间的联系方式。
2．供应链有什么样的特点？答：现代意义上的供应链与传统意义上的供应链或单个企业来说，具有以下的特点：（1）．复杂性（2）．动态性（3）．服务性（4）．交叉性（5）．波动性、放大性和延迟性3．供应链的发展经历了哪几个阶段？答：无论是国内还是国外，对供应链的认识和研究的过程都是一个从简单到复杂、从内部到外部，从理论到实践的过程。
（1）内部流程阶段（2）外部合作阶段（3）供应链整合阶段供应链认识的演化过程4．消费品供应链与生产品供应链有什么不同点？答：消费品应链和生产物品供应链的特征差异，至少表现在供应链的主要流转物品、消费特征、需求变化、供应链运营形式和增值效应等5个方面，参见下表。
第二章思考题：1．供应链管理是如何产生的？答：供应链管理的产生和发展主要基于以下几个重要原因：（1）．企业面临新的竞争环境（2）．降低库存及提高顾客服务的需要（3）.传统管理模式无能为力2．什么是供应链管理？其内涵是什么？答：供应链管理，是连结企业内、外部结盟的企业伙伴，为满足市场的最终消费者需求，整合商流、物流、资金流、信息流之所有营运活动，创造出整体供应链的最佳化（最高效率及最小成本），以达成具高度竞争力的供应系统。
【资料汇编】供应链物流管理(supply-chain-logistics-management)鲍尔索克斯-课后习题答案1-6章
Chapter1：1.Why can the current movement toward establishing supply chains becharacterized as a revolution?Because the current movement toward establishing supply chains has reshaped contemporary strategic thinking.Two massive shifts, supply chain revolution and a related logistical renaissance, in expectation and practice concerning the performance of business operations are highly interrelated but they are significantly different aspects of contemporary strategic thinking.pare the concept of a modern supply chain with more traditionaldistribution channels. Be specific regarding similarities and differences.Traditional distribution channels typically had an order fulfillment time of 15-30 days.But if something went wrong, this time would increase dramatically. It was a commonpractice to maintain inventory at every stage of the supply chain like retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. The market was characterized by scarcity to the primary goal of traditional model was to ensure availability of products. However, today customers want more options in product offerings. Modern supply chain is geared towards meeting the changing consumer needs. Transportation capacity and operational performance has become more reliable and economical. Logistical systemsare capable of capable of delivering products at exact times. So customer orders can be fulfilled faster. With massive development in information technology, the need to maintain inventory has reduced dramatically. The occurrence of failures, characteristicof traditional supply chain, has been replaced by a commitment towards zero-defect ofsix sigma performance. In essence a high level of performance is achieved at a lower total cost with commitment of fewer financial resources than that in the past.3.What specific role does logistics play in supply chain operations?Logistics is the primary conduit of product and service flow within a supply chain arrangement. It is the work required to move and to position inventory throughout asupply chain. It is a combination of order management, inventory, transportation, warehousing, material handling and packaging as integrated throughout a facility network. Logistics is essential for effective supply chain connectivity.4.Describe “integrative management”. Be specific concerning the relationship betweenfunctionality and process.The challenge to achieving integrated management results from the long-standing tradition of performing and measuring work on a functional basis. Since the industrial revolution, achieving best practice has focused managerial attention on functional specialization. The prevailing belief was the better the performance of a specific function, the greater the efficiency of the overall process.The fundamental challenge of integrated management is to redirect traditional emphasis on functionality in an effort to focus on process achievement. Integrative process management seeks to identify and achieve lowest total cost by capturing trade-offs that exist between functions. The focus of integrated management is lowest total process cost, which is not necessarily the achievement of the lowest cost for each function included in the process.5.In terms of enterprise extension, describe the importance of the information sharingand process specialization paradigms.The information sharing paradigm is the widespread belief that achieving a high degree of cooperative behavior requires that supply chain participants voluntarily share operating information and jointly plan strategies. The guiding principle is that information sharing is essential among supply chain participants to collectively do the things customers demand faster and more efficiently.The process specialization paradigm is commitment to focusing collaborative arrangements on planning joint operations with a goal of eliminating nonproductive or non-value-adding redundancy by firms in a supply chain. The basic idea is to design the overall supply chain processes in a manner that identifies a specific firm’s competencies along with the responsibility and accountability to perform each element of essential work in a manner that maximizes overall results.Importance: Sharing information and joint planning can reduce risk related to inventory positioning. Collaboration can eliminate duplicative or redundant work, such as repetitive quality inspection, by designating and empowering a specified member of the supply chain to be fully responsible and accountable. Such extended enterprise integration introduces new challenges regarding measurement, benefit and risk sharing, trust, leadership, and conflict resolution.6.Describe and illustrate an integrated service provider. How does the conceptof integrated service provider differ from traditional service providers, suchas for-hire transportation and warehousing?Integrated Service Providers (ISP) also known as third-party logistics providers providea range of logistics services that includes all work necessary to service customers. Withthe regulatory changes in the transportation the traditional logistics services providersstarted offering warehousing and shared transportation services. Therefore the ISPs initiated the radical shift from single function to multifunction outsourcing. Their services include order entry to product delivery and in certain situations they also provide wide range of value-added services. For example United Parcel Services (UPS) stocks Nike shoes and warm-ups at its Louisville warehouse and processes orders hourly. All the related communication and financial administration are handled by an UPS call center in San Antonio. Therefore UPS handles the basic logistics and value-added services for Nike.In contrast the traditional service providers, such as for-hire transportation and warehousing specialize in specific functions. For instance, the for-hire transportationindustry consists of carriers who specialize in moving products between geographic locations. The companies offering warehouse services are traditionally called public warehouses and they provide storage supplemented by specialized services.pare and contrast anticipatory and response-based business models.Why has responsiveness become popular in supply chain collaborations?Anticipatory and response-based business models are the two ways used by firms to fulfill customer requirements. However the fundamental difference in the two models istimingAnticipatory model has been the traditional business practice, which was mainly forecast driven. Since information about purchasing behavior was not readily available,and the channel partners were loosely collaborating, businesses were driven by forecasts. However the forecasts used by the manufacturers, wholesales, distributors, and retailers were often different that led to a lot of excess inventory in the system. Allthe work was performed in anticipation of future projections, so the likelihood of misgauging customer requirements was very high. In addition each firm in the chain duplicated the anticipatory process.Response-based model aims to reduce or eliminate forecast reliance by joint planningand rapid exchange of information between supply chain partners. This model has beenmade possible because managers can now obtain and share accurate sales information faster. Consequently customers can be provided with their desired items faster. This model requires fewer steps and therefore less cost to complete a fulfillment process compared to the anticipatory model. Response-based model is similar to a build to ordermodel however the former has a faster response time and allows higher degree of customization.Responsiveness propelled by information technology development has become the cornerstone of today’s supply chain collaboration. Higher responsiveness can not only increase the level of customer satisfaction but can also reduce the overall cost of doingthat.pare and contrast manufacturing and geographic postponement.Manufacturing and geographic postponement are strategies and practices that reducesthe anticipatory risks of supply chain performance. The factors favoring one pr the otherform depends on the volume, value, competitive initiatives desired customer service levels. Manufacturing or form postponement aims at manufacturing the products one order at a time with no preparatory work or component procurement until the customer specifications are fully known and customer commitment is received. The goalof this postponement strategy is to maintain products in a neutral or non-committed status as long as possible. In an ideal situation a standard or base product is manufactured in large quantities to obtain economy of scale while deferring the finalization until the customer commitment. In this scenario, economy of scope is introduced by producing the base product to accommodate a wide range of different customers. An example of manufacturing postponement is observed in mixing paintcolor at retail stores to accommodate the individual customer’srequest. This strategy not only reduces the risks of logistics malfunction but also increases the use of light manufacturing and final assembly at logistical facilitiesOn the other hand, Geographical or logistical postponement focuses on response acceleration. This strategy aims to build and stock a full-line inventory at one or more strategic locations. Forward deployment of inventory is postponed until the customer order is received. In an ideal situation this postponement strategy eliminates the riskof anticipatory risk of inventory deployment while retaining manufacturing economy scale. An example of geographical postponement is the Sears Store Delivery System. The logistics of the appliances is not initiated till the customer order is received. An appliance purchased on Monday can be installed at customer’shome as early as Wednesday. And there is a possibility that the product is not manufactured until that night or early Tuesday.In a number of supply chains both types of postponement strategies are combined to create a highly responsive strategy.9.Define and illustrate cash-to-cash conversion, dwell-time minimization andcash spin. How does supply chain strategy and structure impact each?Cash-to-cash conversion is the time required to convert raw material or inventory purchases into sales revenue. It is directly related to inventory turn. Its benefits are realized by reducing and sharing risk and inventory investment. In traditional businessthe benefits were enjoyed at the expense of business partners. For example, terms of 2%net 10 meant that a prompt payment discount could be earned if the invoice is paid within ten days from the time of delivery. In a response based system these benefits canbe shared by managing the inventory transfer velocity across the supply chain. To facilitate such arrangements supply chain partners often use dead net pricing, which factors discounts and allowances in the selling price. Therefore incentives of timely payment are replaced by performance commitments at a specified net price. Managing supply chain logistics as a continuous synchronized process also serves to reduce dwell time.Dwell time is the ratio of the time that an asset sits idle to the time required to satisfyits designated supply chain mission. As an example dwell time would represent the ratio of the time inventory is in store to the time it is moving or contributing to achievesupply chain objectives. Dwell time can be reduced if the supply chain partners are willing to eliminate duplicate work. Therefore each firm could be designated to performand be accountable for the value-added work in order to reduce the overall dwell.Cash spin basically refers to free cash spin. This concept aims to reduce the overall assets committed to the supply chain performance. Therefore capital invested on inventory or warehouse can be made available for redeployment by revising the supplychain arrangement. Free capital can be reinvested in other projects that would have otherwise not been considered.10.Discuss and support the following argument: "Supply chain arrangements mayreduce consumer value."A somewhat more abstract but often cited potential downside of supply chainmanagement could be labeled the dark side of collaboration. The argument is that thepublic does not benefit across the board from supply chain efficiency.Supply chain criticism comes in two parts.First, the line of reasoning is that operating efficiency does not automatically translate toor guarantee lower consumer prices. Firms that collaborate may individually orcollectively make larger profits and thereby generate large shareholder wealth.However, no mechanisms exist to guarantee that efficiencies will be passed on toconsumers in the form of lower retail prices. In fact, the supporting logic is that assupply chains.The second criticism of supply chain arrangements builds on the premise that operatingefficiency may not always be socially equitable. The argument questions the benefits ofmore precise matching of supply to demand in terms of the overall reduction in surplusgoods.Chapter2：1.Illustrate a common trade-off that occurs between the work areas of logistics.Any illustration that demonstrates an inherent trade-off between information, inventory,transportation, warehousing, material handling or packaging is acceptable. Thefollowing are a few examples of such trade-offs:Information is increasingly being used as a substitute for inventory. For instance, awarehouse manager that is in constant contact with a supplier of his/her stocks neednot hold traditional, high levels of inventory. By being “connected”, the supplier r when the warehouse is in need of product and can make accommodations of productprocessing and shipping accordingly. Improved, faster means of transportation alsoprevent manufacturers and merchandisers from holding high levels of inventory.Poor packaging can lead to product damage in transit. Management should eitherimprove packaging or seek a transportation mode that is more stable and lessdamage-inducing. Regardless, greater costs will be incurred upfront – though they arelikely to be offset with reduced costs of product recollection and rework.2.Discuss a nd elaborate the following statement: "The selection o f a superiorlocation network can create substantial competitive advantage."The statement “The selection of Superior location network can create sub stantialholds true with regard to logistical networks. The networkcompetitive advantage” design implies customer service and cost considerations. Added value (and perhaps aof being located nearcompetitive advantage) may be derived from the “intimacy” customers. Networks that strive for the highest levels of effectiveness (superior serviceperformance) often do so at significantly higher expense. Networks may also bedesigned for efficient product flows in order to lower transportation and inventoryholding costs. Depending upon the competitive environment in which a firm operates,competitive advantage may result from either being located near the customers toprovide superior service or through low cost service with the cost-efficient networkdesign.3.Why are customer-accommodation operations typically more erratic thanmanufacturing support and procurement operations?Market or physical distribution operations are typically more erratic because they areinitiated by the customer, whose behavior cannot be controlled by the firm. Manufacturing and procurement operations, on the other hand, are initiated by the firmand considered to be within the firm’s span of control. However, better communications between the logistics organization and customers can reduce the uncertainty and erraticnature of market-distribution operations.4.How has transportation cost, as a percentage of total logistics c ost, trackedsince 1980The transportation costs as a percentage of total logistics costs in US has increased overthe last 20 years. In 1980, the percentage was approximately 47 percent and this hasincreased to over 63 percent in 2004. Therefore transportation represents a significantportion of the overall logistics cost.5.Describe the logistics value proposition. Be specific regarding specificcustomer accommodation and cost.Logistical value proposition is a cost framework that aims to match of operating competency and commitment to meet the individual of selected groups of customers’ expectations and requirements. A well-designed logistical network must have highcustomer response with low operational variance and minimum inventory commitment.However the combinations will be different for different groups. Well designed andoperated logistical system can help firms to achieve competitive advantage.6.Describe the fundamental similarities and differences between procurement,manufacturing support and customer-accommodation performance cycles asthey relate to logistical control.Procurement performance cycles consist of the many activities that maintain the flowof materials, parts, or finished goods into a manufacturing or distribution facility. Thescope of procurement activities is limited. Although similar to the customer order processing cycle, shipments are generally larger and cycles often require much moretime. Maintaining raw materials inventory is sometimes less expensive relative tofinished goods, since time of delivery and material security is often less sensitive intofacility than out to the customer. Another difference is that the number of suppliers of afirm is generally less than the number of customers, making the procurement cyclemore direct.Manufacturing support performance cycles serve as the logistics of production.These functions maintain orderly and economic flow of materials and work-in-processinventory to support production schedules. The goal is to support manufacturing requirements in the most efficient manner. These are internal cycles to the firm, thusthey are rarely affected by behavioral uncertainty.Customer-accommodation performance cycles are those associated with processingand delivering customer orders. They link the customers through timely and economicalproduct availability. Physical distribution integrates marketing and manufacturingefforts. To improve the effectiveness of the distribution system, forecast accuracy mustimprove to reduce uncertainty. In addition to the value of sound forecasting methods,the firm must emphasize flexibility and responsiveness to deal with the uncertainty ofcustomers in the physical distribution cycle.pare and contrast a performance cycle node and a link. Give an exampleof each.Nodes are facility locations. Forms of communications and transportation representlinks between the nodes. Most logistical work takes place at nodes whereas linksrepresent the interface among locations. Nodes represent network facilities wherematerials are processed and base inventories and safety stocks are maintained.Inventory that is in between nodes is c alled “in transit”．8.How does the "quest for quality" affect logistical operations? Does theconcept of total quality have relevancy when applied to logistics?Though logistical service quality is often in the eye of the beholder –that is, thedefinition of quality varies among suppliers and customers, it is possible to pursue aquest for quality. The quest requires logistics organizations to identify the servicequalities that customers most highly value. Upon identifying these key dimensions ofservice, it is up to the firm to flawlessly execute those functions that add value. Ultimately, customers may demand “perfect order” performance, a level of service that requires suppliers to meet expectations without error.The ideals of total quality – namely, doing things right the first time, does find relevancein logistics. It is far better in terms of customer service and low cost to providecustomers with desired service on the first effort. Customers more highly valuesuppliers that meet their promises, delivering product on time, in proper quantities, andwithout damage. Costs are reduced in the process as fewer products are recollected andreworked. These costs of service or product failure can be eliminated if processes arecorrected, ensuring that the problem is not a recurring one. Over time, customers tendto rely on those suppliers that provide sound service time and again.9.Discuss uncertainty as it relates to the overall logistical performance cycle.Discuss and illustrate how performance cycle variance can be controlled.One of the major objectives of logistical management is to reduce the uncertainty in performance cycles. Since the performance cycles are made up of many activities, eachwith its own volatility or variance, variance over the entire cycle can significantly impede the logistics organization’s efficiency and effectiveness.To control variance, the firm must conform expected cycle time to actual cycle time. Ifcycle time is less than expected, the delivered product becomes inventory to be stored. Ifthe cycle time is longer than expected, then the firm must rely on safety stocks to satisfy customer demand. In either case there are costs associated with variance. The ides is to eliminate variance by equating actual cycle time to the expected cycle time. This may require adjustments in product flows into or out of the organization.10.What is the logic of designing echeloned logistical structures? Can echelonedand direct structures be combined?The echeloned logistical structure is built on the logic of stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of supply chain. This structure utilizes warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large volume transportation shipments. Therequirements faster. Typical echelon inventory is position to meet the customers’ systems use either break bulk or consolidation warehouses. However the service commitment and order size economies determine the most desirable and economical structure to service the specific customer. So many supply chains use a combination of echeloned and direct structures to meet their logistical needs.Chapter3：1.Explain the differences between transactional and relationship marketing.How do these differences lead to increasing emphasis on logistical performance in supply chain management?Transactional marketing is generally focused towards short-term interaction with customers. Traditional marketing strategies followed this approach wherein exchanges/transactions are carried out with customers in order to increase their revenues and profits.Relationship marketing focuses on the long-term relations with the key supply chain partners such as the consumers, intermediate customers and suppliers. This strategy aims to develop and retain long term preference and loyalty because it has been realizedin many industries that it is more important to obtain greater share of the purchases made by the existing customers than to attract new customers. This approach tries toidentify the individual customers in order to satisfy their unique needs in the most cost-efficient and effective way. This requires a greater emphasis on logistical performance of the entire supply chain.2.Why are the four primary service outputs of spatial convenience, l ot size,waiting time, and product variety important to logistics management?Provide examples of competing firms that differ in the level of each service output provided to customers.Since every customer has different requirements regarding service outputs, spatialconvenience, lot size, waiting or delivery time, and product variety represent the fourgeneric outputs to accommodate customer requirements.Spatial convenience measures the amount of shopping time and effort that needs to beout by the customer. Higher convenience is offered by making the product available inmore number of places. As an example some household furniture manufacturers offertheir products through department store, mass merchandisers and other independentdepartment stores whereas Ethen Allen offers its products only at its own Allen retailstores.Lot size refers to the number of units that can be purchased in each transaction. Acustomer who wish to buy larger quantity of items for example 12 or 24 rolls of papertowels to get a lower unit price can get it from Sam’s Club and Costco. However they can buy single rolls from grocery or convenient stores. The basic tradeoff in such purchasesis between the unit price and the storage or maintenance cost of such volumes.Waiting time is the amount if time a customer has to wait between ordering andreceiving products. The lower the waiting time, the higher is the level of service. Buyingproducts from retail or grocery stores has no waiting time however if someone wants toorder from a catalog or via the Internet, he has to wait for the product. Although higherwaiting time is associated with inconvenience, customers are rewarded in the form oflower prices.Product variety refers to the different assortments or variety offered to the consumersand end-users. Supermarkets offer a large variety of items, whereas the warehousestores offer a much less variety. And convenience stores offer even lesser variety.3.What is meant by availability in logistics customer service? Provide examples ofthe different ways to monitor a firm’s performance in availability.Availability is the capacity to have inventory when desired by a customer. As simple asthis may seem, it is not at all uncommon for an organization to expend considerable time,money, and effort to generate customer demand and then fail to have product availableto meet customer requirements. The traditional practice in organizations is to stockinventory in anticipation of customer orders.Availability is based on three performance measures: Stockout Frequency, Fill Rate, andOrders Shipped Complete.Stockout Frequency: For example, a study of retail supermarkets revealed that at anypoint in time during a week, the average supermarket is out of stock of approximately 8percent of the items planned to be on the shelves. It is important to note, however, that astockout does not actually occur until a customer desires a product. The aggregation ofall stockouts across all products is an indicator of how well a firm is positioned toprovide basic service commitments in product availability. While it does not considerthat some products may be more critical in terms of availability than others, it is thestarting point in thinking about inventory availability.Fill Rate:For example, if a customer wants 100 units of an item and only 97 are available, the fill rate is 97 percent. To effectively consider fill rate, the typical procedureis to evaluate performance over time to incIude multiple customer orders. Thus, fill rate performance can be evaluated for a specific customer, product, or for any combinationof customers, products, or business segments. Fill rate can be used to differentiate thelevel of service to be offered on specific products. In the earlier example, if all 100 products ordered were critical to a customer, then a fill rate of 97 percent could result ina stockout at the customer's plant or warehouse and severely disrupt the customer's operations. Imagine an assembly line scheduled to produce 100 automobiles that receives only 97 of its required brake assemblies. In situations where some of the itemsare not critical to performance, a fill rate of 97 percent may be acceptable. The customermay accept a back order or be willing to reorder the short items at a later time. Fill rate strategies need to consider customer requirements for products.Orders Shipped Complete:The most exacting measure of performance in product availability is orders shipped complete. It views having everything that a customer orders as the standard of acceptable performance. Failure to provide even one item on a customer's order results in that order being recorded as zero in terms of complete shipment.pare and contrast speed, consistency, and flexibility as optionalperformance activities. In some situations,is o ne activity more critical than others?Performance cycle speed is the elapsed time form when a customer establishes a needto order until the product is delivered and is ready for customer use.Speed is an essential ingredient in many just-in-time and quick-response logistical strategies as fast performance cycles reduce customer inventory requirements.Order cycle consistency is measured by the number of times that actual cycles meetthe time planned for completion.most logistical managers place greater value on consistency because it directly impacts a customer’s ability to plan and perform is own activities.the issue of consistency is fundamental to effective logistics operations as it is becoming increasingly common for customers to actually specify a desired date and even specify a delivery appointment when placing orders.Flexibility involves a firm’s ability to accommodate special situations and unusual or unexpected customer requests.In some situations,adjustments can be implemented to prevent or accommodate special situations,thereby preventing malfunctions.so one may be more critical than others.5.Why is perfect order service so difficult to achieve?An order should be delivered complete,delivered on time,at the right location,in perfect condition,with complete and accurate documentation.Each of these individual elementsmust comply with customer specifications.thus,complete delivery means all product the customer originally requested,on time means at the customer’s specified date and time.ing t he ten categories o f customer e xpectations in T able 3-1, develop yourown examples of how customers might evaluate performance of a supplier.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
供应链（SC）第一章1、供应链：生产及流通过程中，设计将产品或服务提供给最终用户的上游和下游企业所形成的网链结构2、供应链特征：复杂性动态性交叉性面向客户需求3 、供应链类型：1）稳定SC的和动态的SC 2）平衡SC的和倾斜的SC3）有效性SC和反应性SC4、使用环节法分析供应链流程:1)顾客订购环节（顾客抵达，顾客订单递交，顾客订货接收，顾客订单完成）2）补充库存环节（零售订货的发起，零售订单的递交，零售订单的完成，零售订货的接收）3）生产环节（订单到达，生产安排，生产和运输，订货5、接收）4）原料获取环节5、推拉法分析供应链流程：依据相对于顾客需求的执行顺序，供应链上的所有流程可以分为两类：推动流程和拉动流程。
对顾客订单的反应启动拉动流程；对顾客订购预期的反应启动推动流程。
在拉动流程执行过程中，需求是已知的、确定的；而在推动流程执行过程中，需求是未知的，因此必须进行预测。
由于拉动流程是对顾客需求的反应，因而也可以被视为反应性流程；相应地，推动流程可以被视为推测性流程。
供应链上的推/拉边界将推动流程和拉动流程区别开来。
在戴尔公司，个人计算机组装线的起点就是推/拉边界。
个人计算机组装前的所有流程是推动流程，而所有组装过程中和此后的所有流程均是对顾客需求的反应，因而是拉动流程。
6 、供应链管理（SCM）：利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流，并进行组织、协调与控制。
7 、SCM内涵：1）信息管理2）客户管理3）库存管理4)关系管理5)风险管理8、SCM特点：（一）与传统管理方法相比较的特点：1）以客户为中心2)跨企业的贸易伙伴之间密切合作、共享利益和共担风险3）集成化管理4)供应链管理是对物流的一体化管理（二）与物流管理相比较的特点1）供应链管理的互动特性2）供应链管理成为物流的高级形态 3 ）供应链管理决策的发展4）供应链管理的协商机制5）供应链管理强调组织外部一体化6)供应链管理对共同价值的依赖性7)供应链管理是“外源”整合组织8）供应链管理是一个动态的响应系统9 、SCM的目标：1）总成本最低化2）客户服务最优化3)总库存成本最小化4)总周期最短化5)物流质量最优化第二章1 、建树价值链的九种价值活动分为哪两类，分别包含哪些内容一）基本活动：内部物流生产作业外部物流市场和销售服务二）辅助活动：采购技术开发人力资源管理企业基础设施2 、价值分析的主要内容：1）识别价值活动2）确定活动类型每种基本和辅助活动由三种类型：直接活动简介活动质量保证3、核心竞争力形成过程：1）锁定目标。
考虑自身资源状况和以往的知识储备、行业现状及特点、竞争对手的实力状态及对比情况、关联领域的影响、潜在竞争者及替代者的演变前景，明确自身努力的方向和目标。
2）集中资源，将资源集中与企业选定的一项或某几项目标业务领域，以便在最大程度上发挥资源效用，增强特定的竞争优势，形成核心竞争力；3）动态学习。
企业员工及组织所拥有的知识技能是重要的无形资产，要坚持动态持续的学习、提高知识技能的积累和储备。
4、价值链分析在构建企业供应链中的作用：企业可以更好的锁定目标，集中内外资源构建自己的核心竞争力，并通过不断的动态学习过程，将核心竞争力的刚性转为柔性，保持企业的核心竞争力。
5、企业进行业务外包时可能遇到的问题：1）通常将不产生核心能力的业务放在外包之列，而把主要精力和资源集中在核心能力的培育、保持和发展上2）增加企业责任外移的可能性3）员工问题4）信息滞后，跟不上那个时代发展步伐5）带来企业在交叉职能上的损失6）企业丧失对供应商的控制第三章1、SCM战略的关注点：企业或服务在企业内部和整个供应链中运动的流程所创造的市场价值给企业增加的竞争优势，将自己的能力与供应链成员中的生产资源和创新知识整合起来。
2.SCM战略与竞争战略匹配拓展范围分为4类：企业经营部门内；企业职能部门内；企业职能部门间；企业间、职能部门间第四章1、供应链合作伙伴关系：在供应链内部，两个或两个以上独立的成员之间，形成的一种协调关系，以保证实现某个特定的目标或效益2、建立供应链合作伙伴关系的驱动因素：核心竞争力、不断变化的顾客期望、外包战略3、简述供应链关系代理的理论基础：一、合作协商与委托代理，二、发挥群体协商机制的作用，三、委托——代理关系中的问题四、委托——代理理论4、供应链企业间的委托-代理关系有哪些特征：1）供应链企业间是一种“合作竞争”关系2)供应链企业间的委托代理问题是多阶段动态模型3）供应链企业间的委托代理是多任务委托代理5、选择供应链合作伙伴的原则：1)工艺与技术的连贯性2）企业的业绩与经营状况3）有效的交流和信息共享4）合作伙伴在于精而不在多6、选择供应链合作伙伴的方法：直观判断法招标法协商选择法层次分析法ABC成本法神经网络算法7、供应链合作伙伴选择的步骤：1）合作伙伴的粗筛选从企业战略的角度来检验是否需要建立供应商合作关系，以及建立哪个层次的供应商合作关系2）合作伙伴的细筛选确定挑选合作伙伴的准则，评估潜在的候选企业。
3）合作伙伴的精炼和确认正式建立合作伙伴关系4）合作伙伴的跟踪评价维持和精炼合作伙伴关系，包括增强彼此间的合作关系或解除合作伙伴关系。
8、如何对供应链合作伙伴评价：1）需求和必要性分析2）确立合作伙伴的选择目标3)建立合作伙伴评价标准4) 建立评价小组5) 合作伙伴参与6)评价供应链合作伙伴7)实施供应链合作关系9、建立合作伙伴关系需要注意的问题：1）相互信任2) 信息共享3) 权责明确4)解决合作伙伴之间问题的方法和态度第五章1、供应链构建的一般原则：1）自上向下和自下向上相结合的设计原则2）简洁性原则3)集优原则(互补性原则)4）协调性原则5)动态性(不确定性)原则6)创新原则7)战略性原则2、供应链设计包括哪几方面的内容：1）供应链成员及合作伙伴选择，供应链中一级级叠加起来的成员。
总数可能会很大，所以这样的供应链是非常复杂的2）网络结构设计，供应链网络结构主要由供应链成员、网络结构变量和供应链间工序连接方式三方面组成。
3）供应链运行基本规则主要内容包括：协调机制、信息开放与交互方式、生产物流的计划与控制体系、库存的总体布局、资金结算方式、争议解决机制等。
3、供应链设计的策略有几项，各自针对怎样的情况：1）基于客户需求的供应链设计策略，适用高边际利润、不稳定需求的革新性产品；低边际利润、有稳定需求的功能性产品；2）基于成本核算的供应链设计策略4、供应链网络设计的一般步骤：1）明确供应链战略2)明确地区性设施的构架3）选择合适的地点4）选择布局区位5、供应链网络的基本结构：1)简单的链状结构：供应商1供应商2核心企业分销商零售商用户2）网链状结构，以核心企业为中心，各自发挥自己的核心竞争能力，结合成相互协作、互补、互惠、双赢、共享资源的集成体3）网状结构，一核心企业为中心来看，核心企业与供应商、核心企业与分销商之间呈一对多的关系、诸多核心企业、供应商、分销商组合起来，关系交叉，构成网状拓扑，情况复杂6、供应链网络设计的影响因素：1）战略性因素2)技术因素3）宏观经济因素：关税与税收减让，汇率与需求风险4）政治因素5）基础设施因素6）竞争性因素：企业间的积极外部性，为瓜分市场面布局7）为顾客需求的反应时间8）物流和设施成本:运输成本，设施（建设和运营）成本，库存成本第六章1即时制采购是什么，与传统采购的区别：准时采购也叫J I T采购法，是一种先进的采购模式，是一种管理哲理。
它的基本思想是：在恰当的时间、恰当的地点、以恰当的数量、恰当的质量提供恰当的物品。
与传统采购的比较：1）对供应商数量的选择不同：传统，对头采购；即时，较少供应商2）对交货的即时性要求不同3）对供应商选择的标准不同4）指定采购批量的策略不同5）对送货和包装的要求不同6)对信息交流的需求不同2、即时制采购带来的问题及解决的办法：1）小批量采购带来的问题及解决办法：使供应商在地理位置靠近制造商；供应商在制造商附近建立临时仓库；有一个专门的承包运输商活第三方负责企业负责送货；让一个供应商负责供应多种原材料和外购件2）采用单源供应带来的风险，包括供应商有可能因意外原因中断供货，单源供应使企业不能得到竞争性的采购价格，对供应商依赖过大；办法:制造商与供应商建立长期互利合作的新型关系。
3、评价供应商的主要指标：1）短期标准：商品质量合适；成本低；交货及时；整体服务水平好，履行合同的承诺和能力2）供应商的财务状况是否稳定；供应商内部组织与管理是否良好；供应商人员是否稳定4、供应商绩效考核的指标体系包括哪些内容:1)质量指标；供应指标；经济指标；支持、配合与服务指标第七章1、供应链生产管理的特点：一、决策环境特点1）决策信息多源化2）群体决策3）信息反馈机制多样化4）计划运行环境的动态变化；二、生产计划制定的特点：1）具有纵向与横向的信息集成过程2)加强了能力平衡在计划中的作用2、面向供应链的生产组织计划模式：实施：1）计划制定：1>以销定产，建立主生产计划2>编制日装配计划，将生产任务细化到日3>指定物料需求计划，保证零部件配套4>计划修正2）计划执行：1>依靠计算机网络，全面了解生产信息2>建立在线分析处理系统3>指定信息录入制度，确保信息的准确性3）计划控制：1>生产异常控制2>生产进度控制4）计划考核3生产延迟的含义：生产延迟主张根据订单安排生产产品，在获知客户的精确要求和购买意向之前，不作任何准备工作（如采购部件）。
第八章1、供应链环境下的物流管理特征：1）信息——共享2）过程——同步3）合作——互利4）交货——准时5）响应——敏捷6）服务——满意2、影响运输决策的因素：1）影响承运人决策的因素：与交通工具相关的成本，固定运输成本，与运距有关的成本，与运量有关的成本，运营成本2）影响托运人决策的因素：运输成本，库存成本，设施成本，作业成本，服务水平成本4、供应链中库存控制问题：1)缺乏供应链的系统观念2）对客户服务水平理解上的偏差3）缺乏准确的交货状态信息4）低效率的信息传递系统5）忽略不确定性对库存的影响6）缺乏合作和协调7）库存控制策略简单化8）忽略了产品流程设计的影响5、供应链中的需求变异放大原理产生的原因：需求信息的不真实性沿着供应链牛流而上，逐级放大，达到源头的供应商时，其获得的的需求信息和实际消费市场中的顾客需求信息发生了很大的偏差，是需求信息扭曲的结果。
6、VMI的基本思想：突破传统的条块分割的库存管理模式，以系统的、集成的管理思想进行库存管理，使供应链系统能够获得同步化的操作。
如何实施VMI：1）建立顾客信息系统2)建立销售网络管理系统3）建立供应商与分销商的合作框架协议4）组织机构的变革7、JMI的基本思想：一种基于协调中心的库存管理方法，各个分销商把其库存中的一部分交给分销中心负责，从而减轻各个分销商的库存压力。