英语·语法·省略句型
英语语法复习专题 特殊句式--强调、省略和倒装
强调句③did用于对实义动词一般过去时肯定句的强调。
It is (was) +被强调部分+that(who)…句型的变式It is (was) + 被强调部分+that(who)…句式基本特征:Is/ Was it +被强调部分+that…;或情态动词+it+ be+被强调部分+ that…①Was it in 1969 ________ the American astronautssucceeded _______ landing on the moon ?A. when; onB. that; onC. when; inD.that; in②Could it be in the restaurant in ______ you haddinner with me yesterday ______ you lost yourhandbag?A. that; whichB. which; thatC. where; thatD. that; where特殊疑问句形式句式基本特征:特殊疑问词+is/was it that…?或特殊疑问词+情态动词+it+be++被强调部分+that…—_______is it _______has made Peter _______heis today?—Determination.A. What; that; thatB. That; that; whatC. What; what; thatD. What; that; what反意疑问句形式句式基本特征:It is/was+被强调部分+that…,isn’t/ wasn’t it?It was Alice and her boyfriend who sent the old manto the hospital, ______?A. do theyB. didn’t theyC. wasn’t itD.was it强调句与其它句型的结合与名词从句的结合句式特征为:整个强调句型用作名词性从句或者在强调句型中含有名词性从句。
英语语法中的倒装句和省略句结构
英语语法中的倒装句和省略句结构Introduction英语作为全球通用的语言,其语法体系博大精深。
而语法中的倒装句和省略句结构则是每个学习者必须掌握的基本句型。
本文将详细阐述这两种结构,以便帮助读者更好地理解英语语法。
Part One:倒装句结构倒装句结构是指在英语语法中,有些语句的主谓语调换位置,即将谓语动词放在主语之前。
这种句式在正常的语法中较少使用,主要用于强调语句的某个部分,或者是使某种语气更加突出。
1.全倒装全倒装是最常见的倒装形式,根据句中的情况,全倒装可以细分为以下几种类型:(1)助动词加在主语前例如:Are you sure about that?(你对此确信吗?)(2)谓语动词前有否定词例如:Never have I been so happy in my life.(我一生中从未如此开心。
)(3)表示地点、时间或者原因的短语放在句首时例如:In the middle of the room stood a table.(屋子中央放着一张桌子。
)(4)以only开头的句子例如:Only when he arrived did I realize how much I missed him.(他到了才让我意识到我有多想念他。
)2.部分倒装在一些情况下,只有句中的某些成分需要进行倒装,这种形式就叫部分倒装。
部分倒装的几种常见形式如下:(1)否定短语位于句首例如:Not only does he speak English, but he also speaks fluent French.(他不仅能说英语,而且还能说流利的法语。
)(2)so、such和as引导的状语位于句首例如:Such was the beauty of the garden that I couldn't help but take a picture.(花园的美丽如此迷人,我不得不拍下照片。
)Part Two:省略句结构省略句结构是指在英语语法中,有些句子的主语、谓语或者其他成分可以省略,使句子更简单明了。
高中英语语法总结--强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语
高中英语语法总结——强调句、It的用法、省略和插入语一、强调句(一)强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2、一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?3、特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?e.g. When and where was it that you were born?4、强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.5、注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。
原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was …,其余的时态用It is …。
高考英语语法专题复习-倒装句和省略句
专题十六倒装句和省略句I、重点难点解析倒转句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手:1)含有否定意味的词置于句首,部分倒装;2)only+状语/状语从句置于句首,部分倒装;3)so/such…that句型中,so+形容词/副词提前,部分倒装;4)表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首,要完全倒装。
二特别提示1. There be结构的倒装句型中,there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。
例如:There lived an old man in the village long long ago.2. here, there, now, then(只用过去式), up, down, away, out等副词位于句首,主语为代词时不倒装。
例如:Out he rushed.3. 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首,主句倒装。
但是主语为代词时不倒装。
“You had better stay at home,” she said.4. So位于句首不倒装的情况:主语与前句相同,表赞同, 译为“确实如此”。
例句:---Mike studies hard.---So he does. (确实是。
) 比较: (---So do I .我也是。
)5. 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事,前句如果列举了两种事实以上,用“So it is/waswith sb/sth.”回答。
---Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble.---So it is with his father.省略句高考命题导向:省略是一种避免重复,保持简洁的语法手段。
缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫做省略句。
高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。
省略句用法一览表II、实战演练根据括号中的提示完成句子。
1.Not until __________________ (I; shout) at the top of my voice ________________ (he; turn) his head.2.I won the prize at last. Never in my life ___________________ (I; feel) so happy.3.Hardly _____________________ (the thief; see) the police ___________ he ran away.4.---Hurry up! There _______________________ ( the bell; go).---My goodness! Has Mrs Li come yet?---Look! Here ___________________ (he; come)5.Not only ___________________ (he; like) singing, but __________________ (he; have)a good voice.6.---David has passed the final exam smoothly.---So _________________ (he; have), and ___________________ (I, have).7.So ____________________ (he; be frightened) in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.8.Up _________________________ (the balloon; go) into the air.9.At the foot of the mountain _________________________ (a village; lie)10.I’v tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _______________________ (the teacher, be satisfied) with my progress.11.If Joe’s wife doesn’t go to the party, neither ______________________.(他也不去)12.Should _________________________ (如果明天下雨), we would have to put off the sports meet.13.Child __________________ (尽管只是孩子), he shows great consideration towards the others.14.---Mike hadn’t passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded.--- ________________________. (我也一样)15.________________________________ (我们一听到铃声) than we rushed into the classroom.16.---He hasn’t finished the work yet.---Well, he _________________.(本该完成)17.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______________ (see) whether he was going in the right direction.18.---Is your mother a teacher?---No, but she __________________.(过去是)19.---Do you know Anna’s telephone number?--- _______________ .(恐怕不知) As a matter of fact, I don’t know any Anna, either.20.---Who should be responsible for the accident?---The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order ____________ (按被告诉的).答案:1. I shouted; did he turn 2. have I felt 3. had the thief seen; when 4. goes the bell; he comes 5. does he; he has 6. he has; so have I 7. frightened was he8.went the balloon 9. lies a village 10. is the teacher satisfied 11. will he 12. it rain tomorrow 13. as/though he is 14. So it was with me. 15. No sooner had we heard the ring 16. should/ought to have 17. to see 18. used to be 19. I’m afraid not 20. as told。
英语倒装、强调和省略语法点
倒装、强调和省略倒装Inversion英语的一般语序(自然语序Natural Order)为:主语+ 谓语动词+ 宾语(或表语)+ (状语等附加成分)。
有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序。
一、语法倒装1. 句首是由某些表示地点状语的副词开头,或者方位副词、介词短语放在句首时,主谓全部倒装(Full Inversion)。
比如:here, back, down, off, in, up,hence, then, thus, often, so,out, up, away, on等,通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时,谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。
主语为主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
Down came the rain. 下雨了。
Hence comes the name magnet. 由此得名“磁铁”。
Into the sky went the plane. 飞机飞向天空。
Away went the girl to the school! 这个女孩到学校去了!Off goes the woman! 那个女人走了!2. 以there开头,表示“….有….”, “There+be+主语”结构;在正式文体中,当主语不明确是一个很长的名词短语时,用“there+不及物动词+主语”结构。
There are more important matters we need to discuss.我们有很多重要的事情需要讨论。
There entered a strange little man.走进来一个奇怪而身材矮小的人。
3. 主语+ live, stand, lie, sit 等动词+(介词)地点状语的结构中常采用倒装语序。
正常语序:An old temple stands at the top of the hill.倒装语序:At the top of the hill stands an old temple.山顶上有座古庙。
专题18 倒装句与省略句-2020-2021学年高一英语期末备考语法专练(解析版)
倒装句用语省略句1. In the middle of the lake _______ a huge island, _______ lives a phantom.A. lies, whereB. locates, whereC. stands, in whichD. is situated, that 【答案解析】C【详解】考查倒装句和定语从句。
句意:湖中央有一个巨大的岛屿,里面住着一个幽灵。
A. lies位于;B. locates使·····安置于;位于;C. stands位于(某处);D. is situated;situate 使位于。
表示方位的介词短语In the middle of the lake位于句首,句子需要半倒装。
分析句子成分可知,分句“_______ lives a phantom.”修饰前边的名词island,且有逗号,因此是非限制性定语从句,that不能引导非限制性定语从句,排除D;又因先行词island在从句中作主语,where引导定语从句在从句中作状语,也可用介词in + which。
故排除A,B。
C项符合句意和语法。
故选C。
【点睛】担当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词等称为先行词,先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。
有时先行词是整个句子。
关系词可以指代先行词,因此在从句中不能再重复先行词或指先行词的代词。
关系副词where在从句中指代地点,可以是表示地点的名词,也可以是表示模糊地点或抽象地点的名词,在从句中作地点状语。
2. Out to the finishing line…! And here !A. he dashes… comes our champion and heroB. dashes he… our champion and hero comeC. he dashes… come our champion and heroD. dashes he… comes our champion and hero【答案解析】A【详解】考查倒装句和主谓一致。
高中英语语法省略句与there be句型知识点讲解练习
高中英语语法省略句与there be句型知识点讲解练习考点清单1.省略句★宾语从句中的省略在两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句中,第一个连词that可省略,其余的则不可省略;在形容词sure,glad,certain,happy等后所接的宾语从句中,连词that可省略。
He said (that) he felt happy and that he decided to stay here another week.I am very happy (that) I have passed the driving test.★定语从句中的省略可以省略作宾语的关系代词。
The first thing (that) I’m going to do is take a long vacation!★状语从句中的省略在表示时间、条件、地点、比较、方式或让步的状语从句中,如果谓语动词是be,从句的主语和主句的主语一致,或主语是it时,常省略主语和部分谓语。
Once (they are) injured,they must be sent to hospital.Make some changes when (it is) necessary.The host of the meeting hurried away as if (he was) angry.2.there be句型★there be句型的时态变化There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.(一般现在时)There was a concert at the National Theatre last night.(一般过去时)There will be a meeting in the lecture room tomorrow morning.(一般将来时) He said that there was going to be an English contest the next Friday.(过去将来时)There have been no letters from my parents since I left home two years ago.(现在完成时)★there be句型的其他形式(1)There must be...肯定有……There ca n’t be...不可能有……(2)There may be...可能有……There used to be...曾经有过……(3)There must/may have been...肯定/可能已经有过……(4)There ought to be....应该有……(5)There be likely to be...可能有……(6)There happens/happened to be...碰巧有……(7) There appears/appeared/seems/seemed to be...似乎有……There may be/is likely to be a foreign film at the cinema this evening.There can be no doubt about this case.★there lie/exist...句型除了be以外,下列表示存在概念的不及物动词stand/lie/live/happen/remain/exist等,也可以用于there be句型。
15虚拟语气if隐含省略与but+for2023高考英语
高中英语语法学习/复习讲义虚拟语气语法知识点讲义15【精讲版·全国通用】if的隐含和省略以及与but for相关虚拟语气知识点总结虚拟条件句中if的隐含或省略语言是灵活多变的,表达是丰富多彩的。
有的时候虚拟语气的表现形式也显得非常灵活,比如就说其中的虚拟条件吧——它有时会以if从句来表示,但有时会用某种短语来表示,比如不定式短语、分词短语、介词短语等等。
1. if 的隐含I should be happy to go with you. 如果能与你一起去,我将很高兴。
句中的不定式短语to go with you就是表示虚拟条件的,它相当于if I could go with you。
这句话的言外之意是:可惜我不一定有机会同你一起去。
To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了。
句中的不定式短语to have studied harder也是表示虚拟条件的,它相当于if you had studied harder。
句子的言外之意是:可惜你当时没有更用功我,所以你就没有考及格。
Failing this time, what would you do?假若这次失败,那你怎么办?句中的分词短语failing this time表示虚拟条件,相当于if you failed this time。
其言外之意是:尽管失败的可能性很小,但还是有可能会失败,假若失败了,那怎么办?Without your help, we couldn’t have succeeded. 如果没有你的帮助,我们就不会取得成功。
句中的介词短语without your help表示虚拟条件,相当于if you hadn’t given us help。
其言外之意是:好在你帮助了我们,所以我们取得了成功。
I didn’t know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldn’t have believed him. 我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了。
张道真全范围英语语法之25·省略
张道真全范围英语语法之省略担纲指导张道真执行主编席玉虎编著陈静赵淑文山西出版传媒集团·山西教育出版社2013年6月第2版2014年2月第5次印刷出版人雷俊林出版策划苗补坤责任编辑王爱仙ISBN 978-7-5440-6436-1学习探讨英语语法请加微平台bbzdzyyyf语法学习交流微平台纸介图书京东旗舰店纸介图书天猫旗舰店百度阅读手持媒体免费读全国优秀畅销书,薄冰、张道真系列语法图书销售突破220万册!丨学英语,凭什么让我学语法吗???不时听到一些青年问道:学英语一定要学语法吗?语法应该怎么学呢?我们就这两个问题简单地谈一点个人意见。
对中国学生来说,尤其是成年人,我看是学点语法好。
语法,顾名思义,乃是语言的法则和规律。
学习语法,尤其是一些基本法则,至少有下列几个好处:第一 可以使你学得快些,因为已有现成的前人总结的法则,用不着你从头摸索。
第二 可以使你学得透些,因为通过语法对语言现象不仅可以知其然,而且可以知其所以然。
第三 可以使你学得准些,因为语法法则就是一条条准绳,可以用以衡量一句话是否正确。
第四 语法不但可以引你入门,更可以引你入胜,使你逐渐眼界开阔,语感加深,从而使你的英语水平不断提高。
丨那么应该如何学习语法呢?我认为在学习语法过程中,应该注意下面几点:第一 基本概念最重要。
在学习每个语法项目时,一定要把它的基本概念搞清,牢记在心。
第二 要大量地实践,大量地练习。
实践要包括听、说、读、写四个方面,练习要着重说和写。
第三 学习语法时,应多用比较法。
如对动词时态、冠词、介词、名词的单、复数等较难的语法项目进行相互比较,效果就比较好。
第四 要将语法法则与习惯用法分开。
碰到习惯用法,就不必钻牛角尖,进行徒劳的分析。
而习惯用法在英语中则是大量地存在着的。
第五 将一本语法书通读一遍,当然也不无好处。
但最好将它作为工具书,像词典一样地经常查阅,始能学得比较细致牢靠。
第六 实用英语语法只应是入门的向导,像一根拐棍一样。
英语语法:状语从句中的省略问题
【导语】⽤作状语的从句叫状语从句。
状语从句可置于句⾸、句末或句中,⼀般来说,状语从句都⽐较完整。
但是,在⼀些状语从句中存在的省略问题,可以归纳为⼏点。
以下内容由整理发布,欢迎阅读参考!更多相关讯息请关注!1. 在when,whenever,while,until,as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中,可以省略与主句中主语相同的主语和系动词或助动词。
When (he was) a child he ran wild. 他⼩的时候很不守规矩。
They were scolded whenever (they were) late for school.每次上学迟到,他们都要挨骂。
While (he was) in prison,he wrote his first novel.他在狱中写出了第⼀部⼩说。
As soon as (I am) on board I always feel sick. 我⼀上船就感到恶⼼。
2. 在if,unless,once等引导的条件状语从句中。
If (it is) not well organized,the meeting will be a failure.如果组织不好,会议就会失败。
Substances have no tendency to expand unless(they are) heated.除⾮受热,物质不会有膨胀的倾向。
Once (she was) inside her bedroom,she began to cry. ⼀⾛进卧室,她就开始哭。
3. 在where,wherever引导的地点状语从句中,可以省略主语和系动词或助动词。
Through long power lines,electricity goes where (it is) needed.电通过输电线输送到需要它的地⽅去。
4. 在than,as引导的⽐较状语从句中。
She works better than I (works). 她⼯作做得⽐我好。
高中英语语法:特殊句式
高中英语语法:特殊句式最常见到的四种特殊句式:全部倒装、部分倒装、省略句和反意疑问句。
1 全部倒装1. There be句型:可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用live,exist,remain,stand等作谓语。
例如:(1) There are many students in the classroom.(2) Long long ago, there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. 用于“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中,或以out,in,up,down,away等副词开头的句子里,以表示强调。
例如:Here comes the bus.Out went the children.3. 由then引起,谓语为come,follow的句子。
例如:(1) Then came a new difficulty.(2) Then followed eight years of the Anti-Japanese War.4. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词短语时,也常常引起全部倒装。
例如:In the middle of our school stands a high building.5. 表语放在句首时,倒装结构为“表语+系动词+主语”。
表语常为形容词、过去分词和介词短语。
例如:(1) Gone are the days when they would do what they liked.(2) Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests.2 部分倒装1. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句置于句首。
例如:Only then did I realize the importance of English.注意:①在only+状语从句+主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。
特殊句式(强调、省略、主谓一致、倒装及其他)高考英语 语法
find out ________ the rich merchant.
A.who it was that killed C.it was who killed 解析: B.who was it that killed D.who was it killed
考查强调句型。强调句型的疑问句结构为:疑问词+is it
Dr Smith 将在今年夏天和妻子女儿们一起游览北京。
In my opinion,he,rather than you,is to blame. 依我看来,他,而不是你该受谴责。
(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语通常和最邻近的主
语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencilbox. 文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。 2.意义一致原则 (1)谓语动词为单数的情况
2.(2011· 潍坊质量监测)When people cut down big trees,new
trees should be planted.________they will have no trees to cut down in the
future. A.If not C.If no so 解析: B.If so D.If don’t
语动词应该与or后面的名词保持一致,使用单数;根据语意可知,应该
使用被动语态。
答案: A
2.(2010· 海淀第二学期期末)—Have you heard that Jones,along
+that...而这里是强调句的疑问句结构作宾语,故用正常的陈述语序,
所以答案为A。
答案: A
1.在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,
英语句式语法
英语句式语法
以下是英语中常用的句式和语法:
1. 主语+谓语:这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不需要加宾语,例如:She smiled.
2. 主语+谓语+宾语:这种句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,需要加宾语,例如:I love you.
3. 主语+系动词+表语:这种句型中的谓语动词是系动词,后面需要加表语,例如:She is beautiful.
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语:这种句型中的谓语动词是双宾语动词,需要加间接宾语和直接宾语,例如:He gave me a book.
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语:这种句型中的谓语动词是复合宾语动词,需要加宾语和宾语补足语,例如:They kept the room clean.
6. 祈使句:这种句型表示请求、命令或建议等,例如:Please open the door.
7. 倒装句:这种句型表示强调、对比、突出等,例如:Here comes the bus.
8. 并列句:这种句型由两个或两个以上的简单句组成,例如:I like English and she likes math.
9. 省略句:这种句型省略了某些不必要的部分,例如:Let’s go (to the park).
10. 强调句:这种句型强调某个成分,例如:It was she who helped me. 以上是英语中常用的句式和语法,希望能对您有所帮助。
高中英语语法特殊句式(倒装、省略、强调)
3.在对话或并列句中,如果主语(zhǔyǔ)、谓语不同,而宾语相同, 则常省去相同的宾语部分。 Tom enjoys dancing, but Peter hates (dancing).
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4.省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词 be或完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have: —Are you going there? —Yes, I’d like to (go there). 注意(zhù yì):在下列词后常省略不定式但要保留to: want, wish, like, hate, hope, intend, plan, love, refuse, expect,但当 want 和like用于从句中时,to常常省略。
My office was on the tenth floor, and his (office was) on the twelfth (floor). 并列句的省略有时还可出现在前面(qián mian)的分句 中,这时被省略的词语便出现在下文。
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5.only + 状语(zhuàngyǔ)(副词、介词短语、状语(zhuàngyǔ)从句)放在句首时 。(部分倒装) 1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. 2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.
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2.方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then置于句首时,谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run等,并且句子的主语(zhǔyǔ)是名词。为以示 强调或为了使情景更生动, 要全部倒装。(全部倒装) 1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday. 2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor. 注意: 主语(zhǔyǔ)是人称代词时,仍用自然语序。 Away they went. (=They went away.)
中考英语句型语法精讲之强调句与省略句
2023年初中英语句型语法精讲之强调句与省略句相关难点分析强调句型强调句型用于对句子中的某部分进行强调,其句式为: it + 动词be + 强调部分 + 从句。
其中的从句可由 that, who(m), which 引导。
that 可替代人或物。
who/whom 只能代替人,which 只能代替物。
另外, 强调状语时由 that 引导。
1. 强调主语It was John that helped me yesterday. 昨天是约翰帮了我。
But here it's my word that counts. 但是在这里是我说了算。
It is Peter who broke the window. 是彼得打破窗户的。
It was she who had been wrong. 是她错了。
2. 强调宾语a) 强调一般的宾语It was me that she helped yesterday. 昨天她帮助的人是我。
It was him that I saw in the park yesterday. 昨天我在公园里见到的是他。
It was Tom whom the teacher praised yesterday. 老师昨天表扬的是汤姆。
It was him that I gave the pen to. 我把笔给的是他。
b) 强调介词宾语It was Peter with whom I first came in contact. 我最初接触的是彼得。
It is this room that I am living in。
我住的是这间房。
3. 强调状语It was in this street that the car accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生车祸就在这条街。
It was last night that he kissed her for the first time. 他是昨天晚上才第一次亲她。
高中英语语法——省略(53张PPT)
You arrived earlier than necessary.
it was
Puccini wrote Turandot and (he also wrote) Madam Butterfly.
We can use ellipsis in two parts with the same pattern and the same verb.
Circle the words you could cross out (勾掉,划掉)and read again
and you will find that the
language would be more concise (简洁的).
Answers A Jane: How did you feel taking part in Turandot? Singer: It was a real opportunity for me to be cast. It had always been one of my strongest desires to have a part in Turandot. Jane: How were you hired for the job? Singer: Well, I’m a musical performer, but there was a short period when I was not working, and was just collecting unemployment benefits. One day, I saw a poster put up by the production company’s Personnel Department, saying they were looking for singers.
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省略句型莎士比亚曾经说过:Brevity is the soul of wit. (言以简为贵)。
为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis)。
一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式的文体,尤其在对话中,省略是一种十分普遍的现象。
英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的:A. 避免重复,减少累赘。
(省略的主要目的是避免重复,去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。
)Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我,但是第二天他并没有来学校看我。
-- Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't. 迈克说他第二天要来学校看我,但是他并没有来。
(省掉最后九个词,句子简洁多了)—What did he want yesterday 他昨天要了什么?— An apple. 一个苹果。
(如果回答时说出全文“He wanted an apple yesterday”,便显得别扭,不自然)B.连接紧密,结构紧凑。
(省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。
)John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998. 约翰是1994年的获胜者,鲍勃是1998年的获胜者。
(Bob后省略了was the winner,句子结构显得比较紧凑)In some places we stopped in tents for the night, in other places in caves. 我们在有些地方住在帐篷里过夜,在有些地方住在山洞里。
(in other places 后省略了主语和谓语we stopped for the night,上下文连接更加紧密)省略:回答问题要简洁,并列重复需省略。
祈使主语常省略,比较than后需省略。
宾从表从that勿省略。
前后出现同一词,习惯表达需省略。
C.强调重点,突出信息。
(省略的另一作用是突出新的信息。
)Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud. 真理讲话声太低,虚伪讲话声太高。
(后一分句省略谓语speaks,突出了too loud)—Have you told him that 你把那告诉他了吗?—Not yet. 还没有呢。
(= I have not told him that yet. 强调not yet )二、可省略的成分省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。
在很多情况下,这两种省略存在着交*的关系,即有时既是功能词的省略,同时又是语法结构上的省略。
A.功能词的省略功能词指的是没有完整意义,但有语法意义的词,如冠词、介词、助动词等。
英语句子结构的简洁,首先表现在功能词的省略上。
1.冠词的省略They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
A man and (a) woman are talking in the office. 办公室一男一女正在谈话。
He could not understand why there was no noise coming from the house, not even the sound of the radio or (the) television. 他不明白为什么从屋子里一点响声也没传出来,甚至连收音机和电视机的声音也没有。
提示:在英语新闻标题、告示中,经常省略冠词。
Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中国国家主席强调工人阶级作用(新闻标题= The Chinese President Stresses the Role of the Working Class)People Rebuild Homes After Flood 洪水退后人民重建家园(新闻标题= The People Rebuild Their Homes After the Flood)DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽车在行驶时请勿和司机讲话。
(告示= Do not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion)2.代词的省略I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市场,买了点有用的东西,一小时之内就回来了。
They didn't like it, yet (they) said nothing. 他们并不喜欢它,可是什么话也没说。
(It) Doesn't matter. 这不碍事。
(You) Had a good time, didn't you 玩得开心,是吧?I like your two small bottles, but I don't like the smallest (one). 我喜欢你的两只小瓶子,但我不喜欢最小的那一只。
3.连词的省略We are delighted (that) you can come. 你能来,我们很高兴。
I believe (that) you will succeed.我相信你们会成功的。
It's a pity (that) he's leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。
4.关系词的省略I'll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
It wasn't I (who) let him in. 不是我放他进来的。
It happened on the day (when) we first met. 这发生在我们初次见面的那一天。
There is a man (who) wants to see you. 有个人想要见你。
5.助动词的省略(Does) Anyone want a drink 有谁要喝一杯吗?Who (do) you think you are 你以为你是谁?(在特殊疑问句中,当主语是第二人称时,助动词do可省略)I (have) got to go now. 我得走了。
6.不定式符号的省略I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。
(当几个不定式并列时,一般只需在第一个不定式前用to)What we could do was (to) get away. (主语从句中含有do,那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to)We did not dare (to) speak. 我们不敢说话。
(dare作行为动词用时,否定式可省略to)There is nothing to do but (to) obey the orders. 除了服从命令之外,我们别无他法。
(介词but 前如有do,but后可省略to)注意:当两个并列的不定式在意义上表示对比关系时,后面的不定式一般不省略to。
To be or not to be, that is the question. 活着还是死亡,这就是问题所在。
(莎士比亚)It was better to laugh than to cry. 笑比哭好。
7.介词的省略He went (in) that way. 他往那边去了。
The two boys are (of) the same age. 这两个男孩年龄一样大。
I am in doubt (about) whether this is right or not. 我拿不定主意这对不对。
You may come to see me (at) any time between 4 and 5. 你在4点到5点之间随时都可以来见我。
She must have stayed here (for) a long time. 她在这里一定呆了很久了。
必背:在下列结构中,介词in常常省略。
be busy (in) doing sth. 忙于做某事spend time (in) doing sth. 花时间做某事waste energy (in) doing sth. 浪费精力做某事have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难have a good time (in) doing sth. 某事做得非常愉快have a hard time (in) doing sth. 某事做得很艰难take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事It is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用It is no good (in) doing sth. 做某事无益There is no hurry (in) doing sth. 不必着急做某事There is no point (in) doing sth. 做某事无意义There is no use (in) doing sth. 做某事没有用8.引导词there的省略(There) Ought to be some coffee in the pot. 壶里应该有些咖啡的。
(There) Must be somebody waiting for you. 肯定有人在等你。
B.句子成分的省略为了避免重复,或者为了使某一内容显要注目,可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。
1.省略主语Hope so. 希望如此。
(= I hope so.)Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。
(= I beg your pardon.)Take care! 当心!(= You take care.)Looks as if it will rain. 看起来像要下雨。
(= It looks as if it will rain.)Serves you right. 你活该!(= It serves you right.)注意:祈使句主语通常省略(如Take care! 当心!)。