带压作业--工业原理及设备(培训)
snubbing+training带压作业培训
CUDD ENERGY SERVICES SNUBBING TRAININGOUR PLEDGEAs we continue our growth, we will strive for continuous improvement in our standards to meet or exceed our customer’s requirements and/or demands. Our company will ensure an efficient operation of its services, now and in the future. We will ensure that we have fully qualified people capable of managing the responsibilities of leadership as we continue to grow and expand. Quality is people assembling products and services together that meet or exceed our expected customer’s requirements. in ourselves and our company. and objectives. This document is maintained on electronic media. The current revision of this document is located on the Cudd VIPER network under Cudd, Training. It is the responsibility of the user to verify that this printed copy is the latest version. Our greatest source of energy and performance is pride We will be enthusiastic and faithful in achieving our goalsINTRODUCTIONSection ObjectivesUpon completion of this section, you will be able to: 1. State the purpose of snubbing operations. 2. Define snubbing and stripping. 3. Identify controlling factors for using snubbing operations offshore and onshore. 4. List the remedial operations performed by the Hydraulic Snubbing Unit. 5. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of using the Hydraulic Snubbing Unit for remedial operations.1Purpose of Snubbing Snubbing is the process of running tubular (coiled tubing or pipe) into or out of a wellbore under pressure. operations. Snubbing is the movement of pipe against the pressure exerted by the well. In other words, the wellbore pressure is greater than the weight of the pipe in the wellbore. The snubbing unit must force the pipe into the well and be capable of holding it against the force of the wellbore pressure; otherwise, the pressure would force the pipe out of the wellbore. Snubbing – wellhead pressure exceeds pipe weight. Stripping is the movement of pipe where the weight of the pipe exceeds the pressure exerted by the well. wellbore. Stripping – pipe weight exceeds wellhead pressure. The snubbing unit must hold the pipe so that it does not fall into the The term snubbing refers to both stripping and snubbingOverview of Snubbing Operations The snubbing unit is a familiar service tool in the industry today, but for decades snubbing was an emergency procedure used primarily to control runaway wells. The first snubbing units, developed in the 1920s, were mechanical or rig-assisted units. In the 1950s the hydraulic jack unit was developed and it was soon realized that hydraulic snubbing units 2could perform many other remedial well services as a standalone rig. snubbing unit has come to be called a hydraulic workover unit (HWO).The hydraulicBecause of its relatively low daily rate, light weight and rig-up flexibility, the hydraulic snubbing unit is used as an economical offshore workover rig. The snubbing unit may not handle pipe as rapidly as a conventional workover rig, but where pressure, weight or load limitations, space and economics are controlling factors, the snubbing unit has proven its value to the off shore industry. Onshore, the snubbing unit generally has been thought of as a high-pressure tool, but now is considered an attractive alternative in low-pressure situations for which a conventional rig is too heavy, too costly, unavailable, or undesirable for many reasons. Because of its unique advantages in protecting producing formations and reducing workover costs, the snubbing unit is recognized as one of the most important tools in the specialized well control service industry. Application of Snubbing Operations Hydraulic Snubbing Units can perform many remedial tasks, including: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • pressure control cleaning out obstructions in tubing/casing fishing and milling drilling out cement and bridge plugs washing frac material acidizing and washing circulating sand consolidation squeeze cement and plugging back plug and abandonment running or pulling plugs for selective equipment running macaroni strings for nitrogen jetting pulling kill strings running logging tools and perforating tools resetting weight on packers They are smaller and lighter thanAdvantages The hydraulic snubbing unit offers many advantages. conventional workover rigs and quicker to rig up. 3 During perforating, stimulation, clean out,or other remedial jobs to be completed under pressure, the Hydraulic Snubbing Unit enables us to : • • • • • • • use smaller pipe use lighter workover units prevent formation fluid damage possibly eliminate kill fluids return the well to production sooner handle some operations safer handle jobs which cannot be completed with conventional equipment as efficient and safe when working under pressure Disadvantages The disadvantages of Hydraulic Snubbing Units for remedial activities are: • • • • crews must be trained for particular operation they are slower when compared with coiled tubing units and conventional workover rigs pressure and gas may be present at the surface procedures are more complicated and require more planningSAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTALLearning Objectives Upon completion of this section, you will be able to: 1. Identify key elements necessary to provide a safe working environment. 2. State the purpose of the pre-job safety meeting. 3. Identify situations where accidents are more likely to occur. 4. State the purpose of a personnel basket. 5. Identify major causes of crane accidents. 6. Identify key features of workbasket safety. 7. Identify key features of hand tool safety. 8. Define pinch points. 9. List basic precautions that limit back injuries. 10. 11. 12. Identify basic lifting principles. Define Cudd PPE requirements. State purpose of Cudd’s HAZCOM program. 413. 14.Define NORM. Define employee responsibilities regarding the environment.Corporate Safety Statement Safety is one of our primary concerns at Cudd Energy Services We believe it is our responsibility to provide a safe working environment for each of our employees. The employees of Cudd Pressure Control are committed to an effective and efficient safety program; we believe that the efforts of each employee are required to make a difference, not only at Cudd Pressure Control, but throughout the industry. The elements necessary to provide a safe working environment are: • management commitment • a knowledgeable supervisory staff • an involved and committed safety department, and • conscientious workforce. At Cudd Pressure Control we have these elements. A management team that recognizes its responsibility to provide a safe and healthful workplace, safe work rules based on experience and knowledge, and competent work direction. A supervisory staff that is committed to the implementation and compliance of company safety programs, and continuously provides management with information on hazards that may exist in the workplace. A safety department that believes in providing the employees of Cudd Pressure Control the equipment, information, and training necessary to ensure each job is executed efficiently and safely. A workforce that recognizes their personal responsibilities to observe established work rules, follow the direction of supervisors, practice the principles taught in safety and training sessions, and provide suggestions on how we might improve our safety efforts. The employees of Cudd Energy Services have the commitment and support of management in assuring that our company continues to be a leader in accident prevention. We are confident of your cooperation. Cudd Energy Services Safety Manual When questions arise about your safety or the safety of the equipment, refer to the Safety Manual to review corporate policies, procedures and programs designed to provide a safe work environment for all employees.5Safety Is No Accident Before every job, hold a safety meeting, making sure that all personnel know their assignments and that the operation will be performed in a calm, organized and methodical manner. The following precautions should be noted: • keep the work area uncluttered • keep unnecessary personnel clear of the work area • in the case of H2S work, breathing apparatus should be worn during repairs and the presence of a safety contractor’s representative and equipment is strongly recommended. New Employees Being a new employee or an employee on a new work assignment, is a situation in which an accident is more likely to occur. It is imperative that experienced employees assist in teaching new persons the right and safe way to do a job. employee will learn new things as well. To the new employee, don’t take unnecessary chances! Personnel Baskets Personnel baskets are used to lift personnel and fall under strict ANSI and OSHA regulations. ANSI states that the person in charge of a job shall determine that there is no practical alternative way to perform the needed work or gain access to the area before using a certified personnel basket. Fall protection is required when using a personnel basket. It is important to note that the workbasket is not an approved personnel basket and shall not be used as a personnel basket. To do so is a violation of Cudd safety policy, OSHA and ANSI rules. Demonstrate how smart a worker you are by asking questions and keeping your name off the accident list. The act of teaching or helping others to do a job properly and safely is a rewarding experience and often the experienced6PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT SAFETYCrane Safety The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), collects data on crane events. These records contain information reported to OSHA or from insurance companies, The data only list statistics on cause categories and do not therefore they are not complete.include reports or descriptions of the events for further analysis. However, they do present an interesting picture of the major causes of significant crane failures based on a large sample of industrial crane events. Refer to the graph above. Only CPCI personnel shall operate CPCI cranes. Workbasket Safety When working in the workbasket, it is imperative you stay alert! at any given time. in the workbasket. pipe. Hand Tool Safety Hand tools are responsible for a great number of accidents and injuries in the workplace and off-the-job as well. Every year, hand tools account for about 10% of all recordable accidents. These injuries include: loss of an eye from a piece of flying metal off a mushroomed tool, concussion from an ax head flying off its handle, infections from puncture wounds caused by defective wrenches and on and on. There are no safety codes or standards for hand tools, and there are no guards that can be put on a pair of pliers or a screwdriver. properly and safely. • don’t use a file or rasp to pry • don’t use a wrench to hammer • don’t use pliers instead of a wrench • don’t use a screwdriver as a chisel • don’t use a chisel with mushroomed head • don’t use dull saws • don’t use hammers with cracked handles Each of us must know how to use hand tools Some things to remember about hand tool safety: There should always be a minimum number of personnel in the workbasket for a given operation and a maximum of 4 Each crewmember should always be aware of foot and hand placement Feet should be kept away from the moving hydraulic jack and handsplaced on the bale just above the lower eye when using the elevators to latch and unlatch7Pinch Points Pinch points are places where two pieces of material, usually metal, come together and cause a pinching action if your hand or some other part of your body is in the opening. Some typical on the job pinch points are: • Levers and Wrenches – Know where your hand will be going when the lever or wrench reaches the end of the turn. Also, having a finger or thumb too close to a turning point will result in pinched skin, which is very painful. • Pipe and Fittings – These have a tendency to move or roll without help from anyone, so be sure you have them in control when you start to move it. • Machinery – Mechanics often have to put a finger or hand into a piece of machinery to make some repairs or adjustments. machinery is running! • Doors – Door hinges and latches are favorite places for people to pinch themselves. Never casually place your fingers in the immediate area of a door hinge, someone might not think before closing the door. Back Safety It is estimated that work-related, disabling back injuries total about a half million a year. A large majority of these injuries are directly traceable to straining and improper lifting. These injuries can be minimized by observing the following basic precautions: • use scaffolds and ladders of the proper height to limit stretching, reaching or straining • keep work areas clean and free of debris to ensure secure footing • use tools designed for the job at hand • get help to lift heavy or awkward loads • coordinate your movements when more than one person is involved in lifting or lowering an object Some basic lifting principles are: • set your feet solidly and avoid awkward or off-balance stance • get close to the load, bend your knees and lift with your legs • keep your back straight as you lift • grasp objects firmly and divide the load between both hands • don’t twist or jerk while lifting Of course, one should never do this while the8Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal protective equipment is vital to safety in your workplace, and it is the responsibility of each employee to utilize the necessary PPE required by a job or task. Equipment that no longer provides the protection it was designed for should be repaired or replaced immediately. Hard Hat If your job calls for a hard hat, wear it, make a habit of it so you don’t have to depend on your memory everyday to put it on. Think about this, a 30 ounce metal washer falling 60 feet will develop a speed of about 40 miles per hour and generate a force equivalent to an impact of about 1,000 pounds per square inch. withstand! A properly fitted hard hat would prevent the shock of this falling object from being transmitted to your skull, neck and spine. So, take care of your hard hat. Turn it in for a new one if damaged or if it received a severe blow. Here are a few hard hat tips to consider: • • • • • do not wear the hat tipped back or cocked to one side do not test it by jumping on it, sitting on it, hitting it with a hammer, throwing it, or do inspect it for damage do inspect the internal suspension for wear and damage do replace it when it is damaged or worn Hard hats are to be worn at all field, shop, and marine locations or any other This is much more than the skull candropping itThe company will provide you with a hard hat that meets or exceeds the ANSI regulations. location where head injury hazards may exist. Metal hard hats are not to be worn! Eye Protection Safety glasses protect your eyes from hazards encountered on a daily basis. saving characteristic of safety glasses is in the design of the lens. The eye They are shatter pro of.Even if you require prescription glasses to correct your vision, wear shatterproof lenses for the utmost protection. The company will provide you with eye protection that meets or exceeds the ANSI regulations. Eye protection is to be worn at all field, shop, and marine locations or any other location where potential eye injury hazards may exist. Contact lenses do not provide eye protection and should not be worn in the field. worn, full cover goggles or glasses with side shields must be worn. 9 When contact lenses areImpact type goggles must be worn and a face shield should be worn when engaged in any activity that involves hazards to the unprotected eye from chipping, scraping, buffing, etc. Splash proof goggles must be worn when using or in the vicinity of hazardous chemicals, vapors, or powders.Hearing ProtectionHearing protection will be provided to all employees working in high noise areas, with time weighted average of 90 dB or higher. Hearing protection should be worn in unposted areas that are suspected of excessive noise, such as where high-pressure gases are released. Hand ProtectionWearing gloves prevents many injuries resulting from handling of rough materials or irritating substances. Leather or leather-palm gloves should be worn when handling wire rope. Cloth gloves afford adequate protection when handling pipe. Appropriate gloves must be worn when handling chemicals, toxins, or powders.ClothingClothing suited to the work, weather, and the environment in which you are working is required at all times. Flame retardant clothing may be required while performing certain jobs or before entering a production or processing facility. Check with your supervisor. Fall ProtectionEmployees working more than six (6) feet above the ground are required to wear afull-body harness. Lanyards or retractable lifelines shall be attached to proper anchorage points. The proper ladder fall protection includes caged ladder, cable system anchorage or retractable lifelines. Review the Cudd Safety Manual for additional information about fall protection.Life Jacket sEmployees are required to wear a USCG approved life jacket or work vest when working in exposed areas over water.Respirator sThe nature of the hazard will mandate the type of respirator used for a particular operation. Only positive-pressure SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus) or positive-pressure air line respirators with an emergency egress bottle will be used when an employee is exposed to hydrogen sulfide (H2S), oxygen deficient atmospheres, or conditions deemed to be immediately dangerous to life and health. Refer to the Cudd Safety Manual for additional information on respiratory protection.H AZARDOUS C HEMICALSIt is essential for employees to be aware of the hazardous chemicals they may come in contact with in the workplace. The Cudd Hazardous Communications Program is designed to assist employees by identifying hazardous chemicals they may encounter in the workplace and is designed to inform employees of the hazardous properties of chemicals, safe handling procedures, and steps employees should take to protect themselves from chemicals. Refer to the Cudd Safety Manual for additional information about the HAZCOM program.Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) are provided for each hazardous chemical found in the workplace. A copy of the MSDS should be on location for every hazardous chemical you may come into contact with. Know what you are dealing with and how to protect yourself.Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)Because of the inherent danger associated with Hydrogen Sulfide, certain work rules and practices must be established and followed to reduce and or eliminate the hazards personnel may be subjected to. Consult with your supervisor if you have any questions regarding H2S. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM)Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material occurs naturally in the earth and is found in soil, plants, and the earth’s crust. NORM scale can be produced where naturally occurring radium and thorium in formation shale are dissolved into the water. Production of gas and water can transport these materials to the surface where they may be deposited in pipes, valves, vessels, tanks, and other production and processing equipment. Refer to the Cudd Safety Manual for addition information and protective measures that reduce or eliminate potential hazards of NORM.E NVIRONMENTAL A WARENESSConsideration of our company’s impact on the environment as we conduct our business has, and will always be, of prime importance to Cudd Energy Services We recognize the importance of safeguarding the environment wherever we conduct business. It is the responsibility of each Cudd employee to conduct our operations in a manner, which demonstrates respect for the quality of the environment and to ensure handling of materials and products in a manner that protects the environment, other employees and the public.S NUBBING E QUIPMENTObjectivesUpon completion of this section, you will be able to: the 3 types of snubbing units used by CUDD.2.Identify characteristics of each of the types of snubbing units.3.List the components of the different types of snubbing units.4.Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of snubbingunits.5.State the purpose of each of the major components of the hydraulic snubbingunit.6.Identify the components of the BOP stack.7.State the purpose of each of the components of the BOP stack.State the purpose of each of the rams of the BOP stack.S NUBBING E QUIPMENTTypes of Snubbing EquipmentCUDD Pressure Control, Inc. has three different types of snubbing units in its inventory. Each type of snubbing unit is rated for it’s maximum pull capacity and designed for specific snubbing operations. The three types of snubbing units and their pull capacities (in 1000’s of pounds; k=1000) are as follows:1.Conventional Units•300K pound pull capacity•450K pound pull capacity2.Hydraulic Rig Assisted Unit•170K pound pull capacity3.Hydraulic Units•150K pound pull capacity•225K pound pull capacity•340K pound pull capacity•460K pound pull capacity•600K pound pull capacityConventional Snubbing UnitThe conventional snubbing units were developed and used first, but they are rarely used today. The conventional units are also referred to as mechanical, cable, or rig assist units. Unlike stand-alone hydraulic snubbing units, conventional snubbing units use the drilling rig for power, BOPs and support.Generally, the conventional snubbing unit is used to get a drillstring in or out of the hole. Once enough string weight is in the hole, stripping (as opposed to snubbing) begins.Without making special modifications, the conventional unit rigs up above the rig’s rotary table. After enough pipe weight is run into the well, the snubbing unit can be rigged down and the job finished with the rig and stripping procedures.Since conventional snubbing units are not equipped with a guide tube system, local buckling can occur in unsupported pipe. To prevent this, small bites or sections of pipe are used at the start of the job and progressively get larger as more pipe weight is injected into the well.The conventional snubbing unit consists of the following components:•swivel base assembly•snubbing cable and sheaves•upper cable guide•snatch block and counter balance weights•pipe guide•traveling slip assembly•operator’s slip console and BOP console•workbasket•stationary slip assemblyAdvantages of using the conventional snubbing unit are as follows:•uses present rig equipment•easy transport and rig-up•lower day rates compared to hydraulic snubbing units•smaller crew sizeDisadvantages of using the conventional snubbing unit are as follows:•rig personnel must be trained to supplement the snubbing crew•lost rotational ability without special modifications•cannot utilize rig’s slip assembly without special modifications•local buckling can occurHydraulic Snubbing UnitThe hydraulic snubbing unit is a self-contained unit that is either trailer-mounted or skid-mounted for quick transport on a 40 ft. float, liftboat, or workboat. The modular components easily conform to space limitations and fast rig-up on any wellhead on land or offshore.The hydraulic snubbing unit utilizes a hydraulic jack, which was developed in the late 1950’s. It has an 8 ft. to 14 ft. stroke, an excellent tubing guide system and can handle pressures up to 20,000 psi. The jack units can develop up to 600,000 lbs. of lift and 240,000 lbs. of snub force and can handle up to 13-5/8 inch casing. Because of its compact size, it can easily rig-up on small or satellite platforms.The hydraulic snubbing unit consists of the following modular components: •h ydraulic jack assembly•g uide tube•t raveling and stationary slips•r otary table•p ower tongs•w ork basket•c ounter balance•c ontrol panel•p ower pack•h ydraulic hoses•p umps, Kelly Hose and circulating swivel•B OP stackAdvantages of using the hydraulic snubbing unit are as follows:•s elf contained unit utilizing modular components•c ompact size for easy transportation and rig-up•t ubing guide system to prevent buckling•c an handle high pressures up to 20,000 psi•c an handle heavy loads (600K lbs. lift; 240K lbs. snub force)Disadvantages of using the hydraulic snubbing unit are as follows:•r elatively slow•r igged on top of wellhead or BOP stack•w ork area is elevated and over the wellhead and BOP stack•m ain thrust force is placed on wellheadspace saving design and low height profile is accomplished by having the BOPs inside the snubbing unit frame. This greatly reduces rig-up and rig-down time.The rig-assist unit is used primarily with 2 3/8 inch and larger tubing or where a drilling or workover rig is already on location. A typical 5,000 psi, 71/16 inch BOP package includes two rams and one annular. It can handle pipe sizes up to 5 ½ inches and has a maximum pull capacity of 170,000 lbs. and a maximum snub force of 94,000 lbs. The maximum stroke length is 10 feet and the unit can reach running speeds of:•up – 138 ft/min•down – 110 ft/minHydraulic Unit Component DescriptionsHydraulic Jack AssemblyThe hydraulic jack assembly is a series of one or more hydraulic cylinders that travel in an upward or downward direction to move pipe in or out of the hole. For more lifting or snubbing power, more hydraulic cylinders are used. The speed of the unit slows down as more cylinders are required. Speed is increased by decreasing the number of cylinders used or by employing a line multiplier system on long stroke units.Using a regenerative circuit that circulates hydraulic fluid from the snub side of the cylinder piston to the lift side can also increase speed. The regenerative circuit doubles the speed of the unit but decreases the lifting capacity by one half. This circuit is used when pulling pipe from the well.By precisely regulating the hydraulic pressure, better control is achieved when running or pulling pipe or tools in the well. This minimizes damage from exceeding pressure limitations, pipe or wireline strengths, and prevents the premature setting of tools.Guide TubeThe function of the tube guide is to prevent pipe buckling. The guide tube is placed in the bore of the jack and attached below the traveling slips. The tube guide travels up and down with the traveling assembly to prevent lateral movement of the pipe.When different sizes of guide tubes are available, select the smallest one that will allow the tool joints of the tubing to pass through it. Use of guide tubes which are too large may allow the pipe to kink or buckle. The guide tube should be used at all times during snubbing operations.WindowThe window is located at the base of the jack below the stationary slips and above the stripper. The purpose of the window is to provide access to change out or install tools that have an OD too large for the guide tube. Snatch lines, chain tongs, power tongs and backups are commonly used to makeup or break out equipment in the window area. Proper pre-job planning is essential because this area is usually very small.Window GuideThe purpose of the window guide is to prevent major axis buckling of the string in the window. A window guide must be installed and secured at all times.Traveling SlipsTraveling slips are located on the traveling assembly. Moving with the traveling assembly, they grip the pipe to lift it out of the hole or to force it into the hole. By using two or more sets of traveling slips, a time advantage is gained by not having to invert a single set when the balance point is reached.。
带压培训讲义10
【知识要点及目的】
通过学习，达到了解基础安全知识、掌握操作流程、会
岗位巡检和避免违章事故发生等目的。
【设计课时】 24 学时
带压岗位培训
一、岗位条件及职责
1.1、司钻岗位任职条件
依据司钻作业人员安全技术培训大纲，司钻作业人员应具有 1.1.1）、大专及以上文化程度； 1.1.2）、具有三年以上修井现场作业工作经历人员，且无违章记录；
谢谢指导！、身高不低于1.6 m，无色盲、夜盲、听觉障碍、 眩晕、突发性昏厥、糖尿病、Ⅱ期高血压等疾病； 1.1.5）、掌握石油司钻岗位必要的修井安全操作标准和修井现场作 业技术、设备知识； 1.1.6、具有“司钻安全操作证”且有效。
带压岗位培训
带压培训课程系列----
带压岗位技能培训 课件
2014.10
工程技术公司员工培训站
安全技术教研室
带压岗位培训
培训目录
1
岗位条件及职责 司钻应知应会 操作流程规范 岗位巡回检查
2 3 4 5
事故案例分析
带压岗位培训
【内容提要】
本课程通过对岗位任职条件、安全应知应会知识、操作 流程、岗位巡回检查和事故案例分析等五部分基础内容的学 习，使司钻操作者掌握规定动作，避免违规事件的发生。
带压作业技术与效果
密封剂的可靠性问题
要点一
总结词
密封剂的可靠性是带压作业技术的核心问题，直接关系到 作业的安全性和成功率。
要点二
详细描述
在带压作业过程中，密封剂必须能够承受住内部和外部的 压力，保持密封性能，防止气体或液体泄漏。然而，由于 各种因素的影响，如温度、压力、化学腐蚀等，密封剂可 能会出现老化、失效等问题，导致密封性能下降，甚至发 生泄漏事故。因此，需要选择性能稳定、可靠性高的密封 剂，并采取有效的施工工艺，确保密封剂的性能得到充分 发挥。
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降低作业成本
01
02
03
减少能耗
带压作业技术可以减少能 耗，降低能源成本，进一 步降低作业成本。
减少材料消耗
带压作业技术可以减少材 料消耗，降低材料成本， 进一步降低作业成本。
提高经济效益
带压作业技术可以提高经 济效益，通过提高作业效 率和保证作业安全，为企 业创造更大的价值。
04 带压作业技术的挑战与解 决方案
带压作业技术是指在油气井正常生产过程中，利用特定的井口密封装置和配套的作业工具，在保持井 筒内压力平衡的条件下，对油气井进行维修、改造或增产措施的一种技术。与传统的作业方式相比， 带压作业技术能够避免停产放压、减少地层污染和降低能耗等优势。
带压作业技术的原理
总结词
带压作业技术的原理是通过密封井口，将井筒与外界隔离，然后利用井口密封装置和配套的工具进行施工作业。
带压作业技术与效果
目 录
• 带压作业技术概述 • 带压作业技术的方法 • 带压作业技术的效果 • 带压作业技术的挑战与解决方案 • 带压作业技术的应用案例
01 带压作业技术概述
解析带压作业技术工艺
解析带压作业技术工艺随着工业技术的发展，越来越多的行业需要进行带压作业，例如石油、化工、电力等行业。
带压作业是指在设备或管道内部的工作过程中，需要保持一定的压力，这就对作业技术提出了更高的要求。
解析带压作业技术工艺显得尤为重要。
本文将对带压作业技术工艺进行分析和解析，以期为相关行业提供参考。
一、带压作业的意义带压作业是一种特殊的作业方式，它可以在管道或设备保持压力的情况下进行，这为工业生产带来了便利。
带压作业可以减少系统停机时间，在保证安全的前提下，提高生产的效率。
带压作业也可以减少系统的泄漏风险，保障环境和人员的安全。
二、带压作业的技术工艺1. 工艺准备在进行带压作业之前，必须对作业对象进行全面的检查和准备工作。
首先要对作业对象的工作和运行状态进行评估，确定作业方案和作业范围。
要对作业环境进行评估，包括工作场所的通风情况、静电风险等。
还需要准备好作业所需的工具、设备和材料，并对作业人员进行培训，确保他们了解作业流程和安全操作规程。
2. 工艺操作带压作业的关键在于如何在保持压力的情况下进行作业。
在进行带压作业时，必须严格遵守作业程序和操作规程，确保作业安全。
首先要对作业对象进行排空、冷却和净化处理，然后进行封闭和隔离。
接着进行目视检查和仪器检测，确保作业对象达到安全状态。
进行作业操作，完成作业任务。
3. 工艺控制在进行带压作业过程中，必须对作业过程进行严格控制，确保作业安全。
首先要对作业环境进行监测，保证环境的安全。
其次要对作业对象的压力、温度、液位等参数进行监测，确保设备处于安全的工作状态。
同时要密切关注作业过程中的异常情况，及时采取措施进行处理。
4. 工艺结束带压作业结束后，还需要对作业对象进行恢复和清理。
首先要对作业对象进行排空和净化处理，恢复正常的工作状态。
其次要对作业工具、设备和材料进行清理和保养，以备下次使用。
同时要对作业过程进行总结和分析，查找问题和改进措施，以提高作业的安全性和效率。
带压作业介绍
•
• •
带压装臵的安装
• • 安装前首先检查带压装臵的各闸板、卡瓦与井内 管柱相匹配，且各部件灵活好用。 擦洗好井口及三闸板防喷器上、下钢圈槽及钢圈， 放好钢圈后把三闸板防喷器座在采油大四通上， 对角上紧全部螺栓。 把四柱支座放在井口的位臵并夯实，并垫好管排。 用吊具把主机立起并吊高吊平，移至井口上方， 与三闸板防喷器上法兰对接上紧螺栓。 调整四柱支撑油缸的高度使整套带压作业装臵处 于平衡状态，锁紧支撑油缸的锁紧螺母。 检查大钩与带压装臵中心是否同心；其偏心量不 大于5mm。 用绷绳将带压装臵固定牢固，各道绷绳均匀受 力。 对带压装臵按照标准试压。
抽油杆上提速度一般保证在1.5米/秒-1.8米
/秒，防喷器开关切换时间设为4-5秒。 手动操作时，通过司钻控制台上的液控台人 工控制各防喷器开关，倒出接箍/扶正器， 提出抽油杆。
公司概况
• 目
带压作业简介及发展前景 抽油杆带压设备简介 油管带压设备简介 油管压力控制简介• 录来自液压源简介结束语
油管带压装臵介绍
公司概况
• 目
带压作业简介及发展前景 抽油杆带压设备简介 油管带压设备简介 油管压力控制简介
• 录
液压源简介
结束语
带压作业简介
• 概念：带压作业是在带压环境中由专业技术人员操作特殊设备起 下管柱的一种作业方法。 • 带压作业工艺技术是当前国内外油田减少油层污染的主要措施之
一。最大优点在于它可以保护和维持地层的原始产能，避免产层
• 油管堵塞器与电缆、连续油管或毛细 管（根据现场情况选用一种）相连， 堵塞器进入井内的油管内，靠自重下 行。 • 当电缆、连续油管或毛细管将堵塞器
送到指定位臵后，根据堵塞器的座封
方式进行堵塞器座封，封堵油管内腔 的操作 • 缓慢打开放压闸门，观察油管内腔的
带压作业技术简介
1、柏灵顿公司 JIAO 62B 井.......................................21 2、西气东输项目组金坛储气库.................................... 22 3、中石化华北大牛地气田........................................ 23 4、大庆油田徐深 1-平 1 井 .......................................24
北京托普威尔石油技术服务有限公司 TOP WELL SERVICES INC
带压作业简介 SNUBBING INTRODUCE
带压作业 技术简介
北京托普威尔石油技术服务有限公司 TOP WELL SERVICES INC. 二零零玖年十月
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北京托普威尔石油技术服务有限公司 TOP WELL SERVICES INC
第四、降低勘探开发成本，提高了油气田的生产效率和经济效益。
带压作业
开展带压作业，提高油水井开发效益东辛采油厂特种作业项目部张洪波摘要：概述了带压作业技术的目的和意义，对国内外带压作业技术发展现状进行了调研，分析比较了国内外各种带压技术及设备的优缺点，并举例分析了东辛采油厂特种作业项目部带压作业的整体运行效果，并根据目前存在的问题，提出下一步措施和研究方向。
关键词：带压作业意义设备技术随着油气田开发的进一步深入，油田油水井检修越来越频繁。
常规作业一般都采用高密度压井液压井或放喷手段将井压力降低后进行作业。
高密度压井液压井不仅成本高、时间长，而且会堵塞地下油水通道，影响采油产量和注水效果。
如果采用放喷降压，不但会大量降低地层能量，给后续生产带来不可估量的损失，同时也会造成大量的环境污染。
而带压作业技术在在油水井检修中有独特的优势。
一、研究推广带压作业的目的和意义带压作业]1[是指在保持井筒内一定压力，不压(洗)井、不放压的情况下进行起下管柱，实施增产措施的一种先进的井下作业技术。
对于油井而言，带压作业最大优点在于它可以保护和维持地层的原始产能，避免对油层的污染、减少酸化、压裂等增产措施的次数，为油气田的长期开发和稳定增产提供良好的条件。
对高压油水井而言，作业前不需要停注放压，可以缩短施工周期；省去常规作业所需压井液及其地面施工设备的费用；减少污染，保护环境。
研究推广带压作业技术对于胜利油田来说具有重要的意义。
2008年胜利油田统计调查水井6697口，其中因有溢流影响作业井数1921口，占到28.68%；m,放溢流时间大于30天的井907口，占到13.54%，共计影响日注水平453503m、放溢流平均时间30天占日注水平的8.03%。
按照水井平均放溢流量为30003计算，全年因溢流造成的环保、排污等费用就超过3000万元。
对于自喷井来说，大部分上作业前需先用压井液压井，不仅造成地面设备和人力物力的浪费，还大大降低了油井地层产能。
2009年胜利油田统计调查自喷井211口，压井作业后产量下降的有158口，产量下降大于30%的占到44口，压井作业后停止自喷17口，压井后产能损失平均为20%，年损失产能5万余吨。
带压作业的原理及应用
带压作业的原理及应用1. 带压作业的定义带压作业是指在工业生产过程中，通过给工作环境施加一定压力，使得工作环境在高压下进行操作的一种工作方式。
通常，带压作业需要借助设备或工具来保证工作环境的稳定压力，并采取相应的安全措施来保护工作人员的安全。
2. 带压作业的原理带压作业的原理基于气体压力的特性。
当气体受到外部施加压力时，其分子间的相互作用变得更加紧密，从而增加了气体的稠密度和分子碰撞的频率。
由于气体分子的碰撞产生热量，因此在带压环境下，温度通常也会相应上升。
3. 带压作业的应用领域带压作业在许多工业领域得到广泛应用，其中包括：•化工工艺：带压作业常用于化工生产中的高温高压反应过程，例如聚合反应、催化反应等。
通过控制压力和温度，可以促进反应速率和选择性，提高生产效率和产品质量。
•石油开采：在油田开采过程中，带压作业用于增压注水、压裂等技术。
通过增加井底压力，可以提高物质的渗透能力，促进油水流动，增加油井产量。
•电力系统维护：在电力系统的维护与检修过程中，通常需要进行带压测试。
例如，对输电线路的绝缘性能进行高压测试，检测电力设备的绝缘状况。
•食品加工：带压作业在食品加工中也很常见，例如罐头制造过程中的杀菌和密封操作，以及酿酒过程中的酒液发酵和压榨过程等。
4. 带压作业的安全措施由于带压作业涉及到高压和高温，因此在进行带压作业时需要采取相应的安全措施来保护工作人员的安全，包括：•确保工作环境稳定：在进行带压作业之前，需要确保设备和工作环境的稳定性，检查设备的压力表、温度计等仪器的准确性。
•使用合适的个人防护装备：工作人员需要佩戴适当的个人防护装备，包括防火服、耐高温手套、防眩光眼镜等，以防止意外事故的发生。
•建立应急预案：在带压作业过程中，应建立相应的应急预案，包括事故处理流程、紧急疏散路线等，以应对突发情况。
5. 带压作业的优势与挑战带压作业具有以下优势和挑战：5.1 优势•提高反应速率：带压作业可以促使化学反应中的分子间碰撞频率增加，从而提高反应速率。
压力机基础知识及操作培训
压力机基础知识及操作培训压力机是一种工业机械设备，用于对工件施加压力以完成成形、连接或其他加工工艺。
它广泛应用于金属加工、塑料成型、橡胶制品、木材加工等行业。
为了确保压力机的正常运行和安全操作，基础知识及操作培训非常重要。
以下是一份涵盖压力机基础知识及操作培训的文章，详细介绍了压力机的结构、工作原理、操作规程等方面内容。
一、压力机的结构与工作原理压力机主要由机身、滑块、操作系统和安全保护装置等组成。
机身是压力机的基本结构，滑块是压力机的工作部件，由驱动装置驱动上下运动。
操作系统包括工作台面、双手操作按钮、压力调节阀等。
安全保护装置主要包括安全门、压力传感器等。
压力机的工作原理是通过电动机驱动液压泵，产生高压油液，通过油管将油液输送到液压缸，使液压缸产生推力，驱动滑块上下运动，从而对工件施加压力。
二、压力机的操作规程1.确认压力机的基本情况：检查压力机工作台面、滑块、液压缸等是否完好，是否有异物，保证工作台面干净整洁。
2.检查电气系统：检查电气系统的接线是否正常，电源是否稳定，各个按钮和指示灯是否正常工作。
3.确认工件及工艺：了解工件的尺寸和材料要求，根据工艺要求调整压力机的操作参数。
4.调整滑块位置：根据工件尺寸，调整滑块的位置，保证工件在滑块下方。
5.保护装置设置：将压力机的安全装置设置好，如安全门、安全开关等，保证操作人员的安全。
6.启动压力机：按下启动按钮，压力机开始运行，滑块开始下压。
7.完成压力过程：根据工件要求，调整压力机的压力大小和持续时间，完成压力过程。
8.停止压力机：压力完成后，松开按钮，停止压力机的运行，滑块回到原位。
9.清理工作台面：清理工作台面上的工件和废料，保持整洁。
10.关闭电气系统：关闭电源开关，断开电源。
三、压力机的安全操作注意事项1.操作人员必须熟悉压力机的工作原理、操作规程、安全保护装置的作用等，严禁未经培训的人员操作压力机。
2.操作人员必须穿戴合适的劳动保护用品，如安全帽、眼镜、手套等。
带压作业技术教学内容
带压作业技术前言带压作业是指利用特殊修井设备，在油、气、水井井口带压的情况下，实施起下管杆、井筒修理及增产措施的井下作业技术。
通过防喷器组控制油套环空压力，堵塞器控制油管内部压力，然后通过对管柱施加外力克服井内上顶力，从而完成带压起下管柱。
几乎所有的油、气、水层从勘探，开发到后期的维护过程中都受到不同程度的伤害。
如何避免或减小油气层伤害，提高油水井寿命和产能一直是开发技术人员努力的方向。
带压作业技术的出现为实现真正意义上的油气层保护提供了可能。
相对于油井来说，带压作业较传统井下作业，没有外来流体入侵，油气层就没有外来固相，液相的伤害，不会产生新的层间矛盾，地层压力系统不会受到破坏，不需要重新建立平衡，有利于油井修复后稳产、高产。
相对于传统水井作业，在不放喷，不放溢流的情况下带压作业，对单井而言不需要卸压，同时解决了污水排放问题，降低注水成本；对整个注采网来说，对周边受益井，注水站注入工作不影响，保持整个注采网络地层压力系统不受破坏，不需要再建压力平衡，有利于提高注水实效。
一、带压作业技术发展及现状1、国外带压作业技术发展及现状1929年美国奥蒂斯（Otis）公司发明了钢丝绳式起下装置，主要用于辅助钻机带压起下管柱作业，安全性较差；1960年第一台液压式带压作业设备诞生，提高了安全性；1980年，第一台车载液压式带压作业设备在北美出厂，增强了机动性；90年代后，出现了模块化的撬装设备，以适应海上作业；2000年后,钻、修、带压作业一体机出现。
目前带压技术和装备在国外已非常成熟，辅助式和独立式设备及其配套工具序列齐全，设备实现了全液压举升，最高提升力达2669KN，最大下推力达1157KN。
已普遍应用于陆地和海洋作业。
最高作业井压力可达140MPa。
2、国内带压作业技术发展及现状国内从二十世纪60年代曾研制过钢丝绳式带压作业装置。
70-80年代四川石油管理局研制了用于钻井抢险的BY30-2型带压起下钻装置和用于修井的BYXT15型带压起下钻装置。
某公司带压作业培训
公司简介
贵鑫公司依托江苏盐城和辽宁盘锦这两个新兴石 油装备制造业基地的产业优势、科研优势、信息 优势和人才优势，引入适应市场经济的管理体制 和经营模式，以雄厚的技术力量、精良的技术装 备和持之以恒的创新精神，始终瞄准国内、国际 市场，与世界最先进科技发展同步，致力为顾客 提供先进、适用、性价比高、具有绝对竞争力的 产品。贵鑫人愿与社会各界朋友合作，共创美好 的明天！
该套装置还配备了接箍报警装置，可以准确 判断接箍位置
起下管柱密封装置
在FH18-21环形的控制回路上增加了减压阀和 10升蓄能器各一个，减压阀可以根据井压对环 形的控制压力进行调节，蓄能器可以缓冲环形 防喷器胶芯强行过接箍时的压力变化，延长胶 芯的使用寿命。
FZ18-35闸板防喷器参照SNUBCO公司的防喷 器设计成快卸侧门式结构。防喷器的具体技术 参数如下：
最高工作压力：14Mpa
最高静密封压力：21Mpa
DYZY18-14/21带压作业装置技术参数
升降液缸行程：3.5m (可根据用户要求而定） 升降液缸上顶力（最大）500KN 升降液缸下拉力（最大）350KN 系统最高动密封工作压力14MPa 系统承受最大静密封压力21MPa 系统通径φ186mm 卡瓦所配卡瓦牙规格 2 7/8”,3 ½” 所配闸板规格 2 7/8” ,3 ½”, 全封 承压金属件的温度等级T20（－29-121℃） 普通非金属密封件温度等级BB（－18-93℃）
产品组成和结构特点
带压作业装置主要由以下几部分组成：液 压系统、管柱密封系统、平衡泄压系统， 升降液缸、固定卡瓦、游动卡瓦、拉杆， 工作平台；
附图1产品结构简图。下面分别对其各部分 结构特点进行说明。
液压系统
液压系统由液压源、液控操作台、液控管线和蓄能器 四部分组成。
压机操作培训资料
压机周围应设置安全警 示标识和围栏，禁止非 操作人员进入。
定期对压机进行安全检 查，确保设备处于良好
每天工作前应对压机进行例行 检查，如油位、紧固件等。
每天工作前应对压机进行例行 检查，如油位、紧固件等。
每天工作前应对压机进行例行 检查，如油位、紧固件等。
每天工作前应对压机进行例行 检查，如油位、紧固件等。
注意安全
在操作过程中，严禁将手或其他物品伸入压机工 作区域，避免发生意外事故。
异常情况处理和紧急停机
异常情况判断
紧急停机
如发现压机出现异常情况，如声音异常、 温度过高、压力波动等，应立即停机检查 。
在出现危及人身安全或设备严重损坏的情 况下，应立即按下紧急停机按钮，停止压 机运行。
故障排除
记录与报告
压机的种类和用途
根据用途，压机可以分为拉伸 压机、压缩压机、弯曲压机和 剪切压机等。
拉伸压机用于将材料拉伸成所 需形状，压缩压机用于压缩材 料以改变其密度，弯曲压机用 于弯曲材料，剪切压机用于将 材料剪切成所需尺寸。
此外，还有各种特殊用途的压 机，如热压机、冷压机和液压 压机等。
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压机操作规程
展望未来压机操作技术的发展和应用
技术发展趋势
分析压机操作技术的发展方向和趋势。
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新技术的应用
探讨新型压机操作技术在工业领域的应用前景。
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操作人员素质要求
展望未来压机操作人员应具备的素质和能力。
THANK YOU
感谢聆听
开机前的准备
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确保压机周围环境安全
检查压机周围是否有障碍物、 油渍或杂物，确保工作区域整 洁、无安全隐患。
某公司带压(不压井)作业培训共43页
不压井（带压）作业装置用途
不压井（带压）作业装置主要可以完成以下工作： 1.在井内有压力的情况下进行油管的内堵塞作业 2.内堵塞作业完成后可以拆除井口四通上盖，进行起下
油管的作业 3.井内无管柱时可以全封关闭井口 4.在井内压力突然升高或带压作业装置本身需要维修时
可以封闭套管和油管之间的环行空间 5.在作业过程中可以带压起下油管、井下工具、强行通
液控台安装有带压作业过程中需要的所有的液压控制 操作阀，包括控制防喷器、卡瓦、升降液缸等的阀、 压力表。液控台可以安装在上工作平台上，也可以单 独设立。液控操作台最高工作压力为21Mpa，12个头， 有一个控制口备用。所有的阀和压力表都安装液控台 的控制面板上，便于观察和操作。
井压引出到控制台上，便于操作者随时了解井压的变 化。
公司简介
为了进一步提升企业竞争力，我们于2019年4月
投资3000万元在辽宁盘锦创办了盘锦贵鑫石 油机械制造有限公司，购进S1-400C数控
管车2台，XS-650C数控线切割机床5台、数控加 工中心1台等30多台套机加工设备，花巨资购进 了具有国内先进水平的数控压力测试系统、超 声波探伤仪、400吨强度试验设备等，为打造高 品质产品创造了物质基础。
DY18-21/35带压作业装置技术参数
升降液缸行程：3.5m (可根据用户要求而定） 升降液缸上顶力（最大）600KN 升降液缸下拉力（最大）420KN 系统最高工作压力21Mpa 系统承受最大压力35Mpa 系统通径φ186mm 卡瓦所配卡瓦牙规格 2 7/8”, 3 ½” 所配闸板规格 2 7/8” , 3 ½”,全封 承压金属件的温度等级T20（－29-121℃） 普通非金属密封件温度等级BB（－18-93℃
带压作业培训计划
带压作业培训计划一、培训目标带压作业是指在特定环境中进行的作业活动，这些环境包括高温、高压、密闭、有毒、易燃易爆等危险因素存在的场所。
带压作业的安全性直接关乎人员的生命财产安全，因此必须加强带压作业人员的培训，提高其安全意识和应对突发事件的能力。
本培训计划的目标是将带压作业人员的安全意识提升到一个新的水平，使其理解带压作业的风险和安全规范，掌握带压作业技能，提高应对突发事件的能力，确保带压作业的安全进行。
二、培训内容1. 带压作业的定义及相关法规法规- 带压作业的定义和分类- 带压作业的相关法律法规和安全标准2. 带压作业的风险和安全措施- 带压作业存在的风险及其危害- 带压作业的安全措施和预防措施3. 带压作业的操作技能培训- 带压作业的操作流程和技术要点- 带压作业的作业规程和操作规范- 带压作业的急救和逃生技能4. 应急演练和案例分析- 带压作业的应急演练和实战训练- 带压作业的事故案例分析和经验总结三、培训方法1. 知识讲解：通过专业讲师对带压作业的相关知识进行讲解，包括理论知识和实践经验。
2. 案例分析：结合实际案例对带压作业的风险和安全措施进行分析，使培训对象能够更直观地认识带压作业的危险性和应对方法。
3. 模拟演练：通过模拟带压作业场景，进行实际操作演练和应急逃生演练，让培训对象深入了解带压作业的操作技能和应对突发事件的能力。
4. 讨论交流：组织带压作业人员进行交流讨论，分享经验和心得体会，增强学习效果。
四、培训计划1. 第一阶段（1天）- 课程：带压作业的定义及相关法规法规- 内容：讲解带压作业的概念和分类，介绍相关法律法规和安全标准- 培训方法：知识讲解2. 第二阶段（2天）- 课程：带压作业的风险和安全措施- 内容：分析带压作业的风险及其危害，讲解安全措施和预防措施- 培训方法：知识讲解、案例分析3. 第三阶段（2天）- 课程：带压作业的操作技能培训- 内容：讲解带压作业的操作流程和技术要点，介绍作业规程和操作规范，演练急救和逃生技能- 培训方法：知识讲解、模拟演练4. 第四阶段（1天）- 课程：应急演练和案例分析- 内容：组织带压作业人员进行应急演练和实战训练，分析带压作业的事故案例和经验总结- 培训方法：模拟演练、讨论交流五、培训评估1. 效果评估：通过考试和演练评比，对培训对象的学习效果进行评估2. 满意度评估：通过问卷调查和访谈，了解培训对象对培训内容和方法的满意度3. 落地效果评估：通过实际操作和应急演练，对培训对象在实际工作中的应用效果进行评估六、培训总结通过对带压作业的专业培训，带压作业人员将获得系统的理论知识和实际操作技能，提高安全意识和应对突发事件的能力，确保带压作业的安全进行。
带压及干燥培训教案
带式压滤机培训教案一、工作原理及工作流程1、工作原理经过浓缩的污泥与一定浓度的絮凝剂在静、动态混合器中充分混合以后，污泥中的微小固体颗粒聚凝成体积较大的絮状团块，同时分离出自由水，絮凝后的污泥被输送到浓缩重力脱水的滤带上，在重力的作用下自由水被分离，形成不流动状态的污泥，然后夹持在上下两条网带之间，经过楔形预压区、低压区和高压区由小到大的挤压力、剪切力作用下，逐步挤压污泥，以达到最大程度的泥、水分离，最后形成滤饼排出。
（1）化学预处理脱水为了提高污泥的脱水性,改良滤饼的性质,增加物料的渗透性,需对污泥进行化学处理,本机使用独特的“水中絮凝造粒混合器”的装置以达到化学加药絮凝的作用，该方法不但絮凝效果好，还可节省大量药剂，运行费用低，经济效益十分明显。
（2）重力浓缩脱水段污泥经布料斗均匀送入网带，污泥随滤带向前运行，游离态水在自重作用下通过滤带流入接水槽，重力脱水也可以说是高度浓缩段，主要作用是脱去污泥中的自由水，使污泥的流动性减小，为进一步挤压做准备。
（3）楔形区预压脱水段重力脱水后的污泥流动性几乎完全丧失，随着带式压滤机滤带的向前运行，上下滤带间距逐渐减少，物料开始受到轻微压力，并随着滤带运行，压力逐渐增大，楔形区的作用是延长重力脱水时间，增加絮团的挤压稳定性，为进入压力区做准备。
（4）挤压辊高压脱水段物料脱离楔形区就进入压力区，物料在此区内受挤压，沿滤带运行方向压力随挤压辊直径的减少而增加，物料受到挤压体积收缩，物料内的间隙游离水被挤出，此时，基本形成滤饼，继续向前至压力尾部的高压区经过高压后滤饼的含水量可降至最低。
二、结构介绍带式压榨过滤机主要由驱动装置、机架、压榨辊、上滤带、下滤带、滤带张紧装置、滤带清洗装置、卸料装置、气控系统、电气控制系统等组成。
1、机架：带式压榨过滤机架主要用来支撑及固定压榨辊系及其它各部件.2、压榨辊系：是由直径由大到小顺序排列的辊筒组成。
污泥被上、下滤带夹持，依次经过压榨辊时，在滤带张力作用下形成一由小到大的压力梯度，使污泥在脱水过程中所受的压榨力不断增高，污泥中水份逐渐脱除。
带压作业概念介绍
带压作业概念介绍液压服务概念区分Snubbing HWO强行起下钻 （力的性质） 液压作业（设备动力）带压作业（被动）不压井作业（主动）区别：井有压力 井没有压力注：液压的使用均在在“轻管柱”时。
HWO Overview概念区分Snubbing （井口有压力）强行起下钻 （力的性质，机械式 液压式）初期的阶段，与应急井控相关，专门设计的设备处理事故带压作业（被动）由于油、水、气井的钻井、生产中的各种原因造成的，必须带压 力施工不压井作业（主动）出于油、气藏保护的原因，在钻井、完井过程中，无液体压井说明：设备已经全部使用液压式，因此容易和液压作业产生混淆HWO Overview概念区分HWO（井口没有压力）液压作业（设备动力）随着带压作业设备的发展，特别是辅助式液压作业设备的出现，液压设备比较成熟，经过改造和设计，出现了针对没有井口压力井的，液压作业设备。
由于结构简单，体积小、便于拆卸、运输、操作方便，因此在人工成本很高的美国，成为很受欢迎的代替常规作业机的设备。
与连续油管作业的对比优点：1、可以旋转操作，配合钻井，保护储层2、适用的管柱尺寸较大（从3寸到13寸的套管）3、适合高压、高含硫、高二氧化碳井的特殊井况4、做为连续油管无法解决的问题的后备手段5、适应于紧急处理业务缺点：速度较慢Snubbing 设备发展过程1928年机械式 1960年 液压式 1980年液压车载式 撬装一体机设备的变化取决于市场的要求和变化，与从被动到主动的油藏保护的思想变化相关。
北美地区带压作业设备状况1、全部采取液压式2、辅助式、独立式、一体机并存，一体机代表了发展的新方向新的方向：1、增强了下压力和旋转力2、增加了排管系统和滑动系统3、设备模块化，提高了设备的机动性4、通过智能化以及一些机械手段大大提升了作业安全性5、设备具备带压钻井能力典型的带压作业服务的应用•带压起下油管、钻杆、套管等作业•油管输送射孔的压力控制–在带压油井、水平井•连续油管的打捞,钻塞、通井等.•垂直井的井控作业✓高压高温, 高硫化氢, 异常地热等•高含气井的完井•钻井- 侧钻, 加深钻井•可完成大多数常规作业的任务✓完井, 二次完井, 下电泵作业操作业- 含气井或者死井, 单管或者双管作业•打桥塞或者废弃油井处置CUDD特殊服务不停产带压钻孔闸阀钻井冷冻作业、带压更换绿色：带压修井红色：带压钻井兰色：带压完井棕色：配合增产其他：带压补孔、射孔带压作业的应用类别带压作业应用范围1、带压完井2、配合连续油管作业、分层压裂、酸化连续工作业3、带压修井(包括冲砂作业、打捞作业、磨铣作业等)4、欠平衡钻井5、带压侧钻6、带压射孔7、应急抢险目前，北美地区带压完井占据了带压作业量的50%以上，包括：1、新井完井2、带压下入完井管柱（包括筛管）3、双管完井4、带压下射孔管柱5、带压下压裂和生产连作管柱。
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力学分析
F =下压力 SNUB
F =摩擦力 FRIC
F =上顶力 WP
W=管柱重力
*摩擦力包含了防喷器胶芯与管柱之间、套管 与管柱之间的摩擦力，其与运动方向相反，通 常只能以经验进行计算
SNUBBING TECH
TASKS:
带压作业通过液压控制带压修井设备， 主要需要解决三个问题：
卡瓦与转盘
卡瓦：游动防顶与承重卡瓦、 固定防顶与承重卡瓦，卡瓦通 径为7.125英寸（180.9mm） 。游动承重卡瓦用在需要在重 管柱状态下起出或送入管柱， 它能防止管柱掉入井内。游动 防顶卡瓦安装在被动转盘的下 方，能防止管柱飞出井外，用 在轻管柱ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ送入或起出管柱。
主动或被动转盘：可以让管柱 完成旋转动作，实现钻磨功能 ，可以通过主动转盘、液压钳 、顶驱等设备进行旋转。
承重板、液缸
通过螺栓与液缸连接，维护 方便，能够承受巨大的重量
用于提供举升或下压力，液缸的面积 和液压油的压力决定了举升机的上提 力。液缸与活塞杆的面积差与液压油 的压力决定了举升机的下压力。
承重板、液缸
通过螺栓与液缸连接，维护 方便，能够承受巨大的重量
用于提供举升或下压力，液缸的面积 和液压油的压力决定了举升机的上提 力。液缸与活塞杆的面积差与液压油 的压力决定了举升机的下压力。
‣ 第一，油管与环空的密封问题； ‣ 第二，作业设备的强行起下问题； ‣ 第三，作业过程中的压力控制问题。
WHY SNUB?
为什么使用带压作业?
‣ 避免压井液对地层的损坏 ‣ 不使用压井液或修井液 ‣ 避免了处置压井液的费用 ‣ 可以对管柱进行旋转作业 ‣ 可以边生产边作业 ‣ 工作效率高，避免了气举等后续作业
以S-9 225K不压井作业装置为例
设备部分
5.41m
225K设备参数
带压作业机组成部分
Traveling Heavy Slips 游动承重卡瓦 Rotary 转盘 Jack Plate 举升机承重板 Traveling Snubbing Slips 游动防顶卡瓦 Stationary Snubbing Slips 固定防顶卡瓦 Stationary Heavy Slips 固定承重卡瓦 Annular Preventer 环形防喷器 Top Stripping Pipe Rams 上工作闸板防喷器 Equalize/Bleed off Spool 平衡泄压四通 Lower Stripping Pipe Rams 下工作闸板防喷器 Jack Cylinders 液缸 Work Baskets 操作平台 Hydraulic Control Panel 液压控制面板 Power Tongs 液压钳 Hose Package 液压管线 Carrier/Power Pack 动力源
SNUBCO S-9 带压设备及技术
简介及交流
SNUBBING TECH
工艺技术原理
Introduction to Snubbing
什么是带压作业？
带压作业是指在井内含压力的情况下，不压井或放喷，强行的对管柱进行起下。
带压作业的三种状态
带压作业施工中，由井内压力会对管柱产生上顶力，因此： 如果上顶力大于管柱重量，则称为轻管柱状态； 如果上顶力小于管柱重力，则称为重管柱状态； 当上顶力与管柱重力相等时的平衡点，则成为中和点，即中和状态。
液缸工作原理
环形、工作防喷器
通过螺栓与液缸连接，维护 方便，能够承受巨大的重量
在环形防喷器不能使用时，可以通 过倒接箍的方式，实现油管的起下 ，也可以在里面安装其他类型的闸 板，实现不同功能。
控制面板
可以控制带压作业机的各个液压元件，显示带压作业机各系统的压力， 控制各液压元件最大的液压力。
谢谢